What is leadership?

Leading people

Influencing people

Commanding people

Guiding people

Types of Leaders

Leader by the position achievedLeader by personality, charisma Leader by moral exampleLeader by power heldIntellectual leaderLeader because of ability to

accomplish things

Managers vs. Leaders

ManagersManagers

Focus on things Do things right Plan Organize Direct Control Follows the

rules

LeadersLeaders

Focus on people

Do the right things

Inspire Influence Motivate Build Shape entities

Historical Leadership theories

Traits theories (1930s).

Behavioral Theories (1940s & 1950s)

Contingency theories (1960s & 1970s).

Traits Theories

According to great man leadership theories “effective leaders are born not made”.

In traits research examined the physical(height),mental(intelligence), social (personality),characteristics of individual.

Ralph stogdill in 1948s concluded that “existing research had not demonstrated the utility of traits approach”.

Behavioral Theories

Behavior of effective leaders are different from the behavior of ineffective leaders. It is more important than the physical, mental and social traits.

Fiedler's Contingency Theory

This is a leader match theory because it tries to match leaders to appropriate situations

A leader’s effectiveness depends on how well the leader’s style fits the context

The theory was developed by studying the styles of leaders in situations and whether they were effective (primarily in military organizations)

Concerned with styles and situations

Path-Goal Theory

Path Goal theory is about how leaders motivate subordinates to accomplish designated goals

The stated goal of leadership is to enhance employee performance and employee satisfaction by focusing on employee motivation

Emphasizes the relationship between the leader’s style and characteristics of the subordinates and the work setting

The leader must use a style that best meets the subordinates motivational needs

Ohio State University

Task oriented (planning, organizing, coordinating the work of subordinates).

Consideration (supportive, recognizing subordinate’s accomplishments ,welfare).

University of Michigan

Employee oriented (focus on interpersonal relationship)

Production oriented (focus on task and technical aspects of the job)

Five alternative behavior styles

Impoverished management (1,1)

Country club (1,9)

Task manager (9,1)

Middle of the road (5,5)

Team management (9,9)

Leadership Styles

DelegatingLow relationship/ low

taskResponsibilityWilling employees

ParticipatingHigh relationship/ low

taskFacilitate decisionsAble but unwilling

Selling High task/high

relationshipExplain decisionsWilling but unable

TellingHigh Task/Low

relationshipProvide instructionClosely supervise

Being a Good Leader

Encourage new ideasHonor and respect

themNever misuse your

powerBe fearless yourselfPunish fairly

Finally...

Leadership is a combination of character and competence; of who you are and what you can do.