Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici
-
Upload
bianchigino -
Category
Education
-
view
127 -
download
1
Transcript of Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici
![Page 1: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio
a cura di B. Grassi, C. Lasagna
![Page 2: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
o L’aria è uno dei più importanti mezzi di trasmissione di agenti patogeni e di sostanze nocive.
o Di conseguenza, l’apparato respiratorio è esposto con grande frequenza ad attacchi da parte di microrganismi ed all’azione di sostanze potenzialmente dannose.
o Tale esposizione non è sempre compensata dai molteplici mezzi di difesa dell’apparato respiratorio, che vanno dall’azione delle ciglia e del muco all’intervento del sistema immunitario.
![Page 3: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
I SINTOMI• Dispnea/apnea/tachipnea• Tosse• Espettorato• Rinorrea• Dolore toracico• Emottisi• Cianosi• Febbre• Disfonia• Crepitazione• Ottusità • Sibilo • Anosmia
![Page 5: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Quando si sospetta un problema respiratorio, diventa importante misurare la frequenza respiratoria (FR) e la saturazione di ossigeno (SatO2 o SpO2).
• I normali valori di FR vanno di norma dai 14 ai 20 atti respiratori al minuto.
• I normali valori di SatO2 dovrebbero stare al di sopra del 90-92%.
![Page 6: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
LE CAUSE1. Malattie ischemiche2. Malformazioni3. Malattie polmonari croniche4. Infezioni5. Neoplasie6. Malattie trombo-emboliche
![Page 8: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MALATTIE ISCHEMICHE
(infarto polmonare)
![Page 9: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MALFORMAZIONI(bronchiectasia)
![Page 10: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MALFORMAZIONI(bronchiectasia)
![Page 11: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MALFORMAZIONI(bronchiectasia)
![Page 12: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE
• ENFISEMA• BRONCHITE CRONICA• BPCO (BRONCOPNEUMOPATIA CRONICA
OSTRUTTIVA)• ASMA BRONCHIALE
![Page 13: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE
(enfisema)
![Page 14: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE
(enfisema)
![Page 15: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE(enfisema)
![Page 16: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE
(enfisema)
![Page 17: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE(enfisema)
![Page 18: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE (bronchite cronica)
![Page 19: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE (bronchite cronica)
![Page 20: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE (bronchite cronica)
![Page 21: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE (BPCO)
![Page 22: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE (BPCO)
![Page 23: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE
(asma bronchiale)
![Page 24: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
MALATTIE POLMONARI CRONICHE (asma bronchiale)
![Page 25: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
INFEZIONI• RINITE• SINUSITE• BRONCHITE-BRONCOPOLMONITE-
POLMONITE• TUBERCOLOSI
![Page 26: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
INFEZIONI (rinite)
![Page 27: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
INFEZIONI (rinite)
![Page 28: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
INFEZIONI (rinite)
![Page 29: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
INFEZIONI (sinusite)
![Page 30: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
INFEZIONI (sinusite)
![Page 31: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
INFEZIONI (bronchite-broncopolmonite-polmonite)
![Page 32: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
INFEZIONI(polmonite)
![Page 33: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
INFEZIONI (tubercolosi)
![Page 34: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
INFEZIONI (tubercolosi)
![Page 35: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
NEOPLASIE (tumore alla faringe)
![Page 36: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
NEOPLASIE (tumore ai polmoni)
![Page 37: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
NEOPLASIE (tumore ai polmoni)
![Page 38: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
MALATTIE TROMBO-EMBOLICHE
![Page 39: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
LE INDAGINI DIAGNOSTICHE• BRONCOSCOPIA• RADIOGRAFIA TORACICA• SPIROMETRIA• TAC (TOMOGRAFIA ASSIALE COMPUTERIZZATA)
POLMONARE AD ALTA RISOLUZIONE• RM (RISOGNANZA MAGNETICA)• PET (TOMOGRAFIA AD EMISSIONE DI POSITRONI)• SCINTIGRAFIA POLMONARE PERFUSORIA• ESAMI DEL SANGUE• ESAMI DELLE URINE
![Page 40: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
BRONCOSCOPIA
![Page 41: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
RADIOGRAFIA TORACICA
![Page 42: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SPIROMETRIA
![Page 43: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
TAC
![Page 44: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
RM
![Page 45: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
PET
![Page 46: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
SCINTIGRAFIA POLMONARE PERFUSORIA
![Page 47: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ESAMI DEL SANGUE
![Page 48: Le malattie dell’apparato respiratorio e gli esami diagnostici](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58ecbd201a28abc9228b4675/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
ESAMI DELLE URINE