Layers of the Earth Geosphere. The Earth as a System Integrated system of rock, air, water, and...
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Transcript of Layers of the Earth Geosphere. The Earth as a System Integrated system of rock, air, water, and...
![Page 2: Layers of the Earth Geosphere. The Earth as a System Integrated system of rock, air, water, and living things. This system is divided into four parts:](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649c6d5503460f9491f11b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Earth as a System
• Integrated system of rock, air, water, and living things.
• This system is divided into four parts:– atmosphere (air)– hydrosphere (water)– biosphere (living things)– geosphere (rock)
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Geosphere
• Solid part of the Earth’s crust that consists of all rock, and the soils and sediments on Earth’s surface.
• Most located in Earth’s interior
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Earth’s Interior
• Seismic Waves: the waves that travel through the Earth’s interior during an earthquake.
• Altered by the type of material that it travels through.
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Seismologists
• Scientists who measure changes in these waves to determine that the earth’s interior is made in layers.
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Composition of the Earth
• Three layers:– crust– mantle– core
• Density increases towards the center of the Earth
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Crust
• Thin, outer layer.• Made up of light
elements• less than 1% of Earth’s
mass• 5-70km thick
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Mantle
• Layer beneath the crust
• 64% of mass of Earth• 2,900 km thick• Made of
– lithosphere– asthenosphere– mesosphere
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Lithosphere
• Outer layer• cool, rigid• divided up into
huge tectonic plates
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Asthenosphere
• 250 km thick• solid, plastic layer
made of rock• flows very slowly
and allows tectonic plates to move across
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Mesosphere
• 2,250 km thick• “middle” sphere• lower part of mantle
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Core
• 3,248 km radius• sphere of hot, dense
nickel and iron• 4,000 - 5,000 °C• 1/3 of the Earth’s mass• Made of
– Outer Core– Inner Core
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• Outer Core; 2,200 km thick, outer shell, made of liquid nickel and iron
• Inner Core: 1,228 km radius; a sphere of solid iron and nickel
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First Life???
• First life may have first evolved deep in the crust and then migrated to the surface when conditions became favorable.
• “extremophiles”• Hypothesized that the biomass below the
surface far exceeds the biomass at the surface.
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• Be able to draw and label the three layers of the earth (crust, mantle, and core) as well as the 5 layers based on physical properties (lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer and inner core).