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Law and Courts

Chapter 2

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Self Starter:Write a story using the following words:Underline each of these words in your story

• Simple Assault• Criminal Homicide• Robbery• High-tech crimes• Fraud• Embezzlement

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Class Activity:

Students will be given a term to define.You must IN YOUR WORDS define the term.Then give TWO examples of using the term, either tell about a new report, article, a movie, a personal experience about the word.

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Day twoMeasurement Objective:

1. To Help in policy and planning decisionsa. How many police are needed?b. How long between an arrest and a Trial?c. What new laws need to be passed?

2. To learn why crimes are committeda. Do criminals become criminals because

of who they hang out with?b. Is there a social or economic factor for

people to become criminals?

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Collecting Information

Data- The collection of facts, observation, and other information.

Data is collected by:

• Surveys- public opinion polls, done by interviews, questionnaires, etc.…

• Experiments- changing things• Observations- provides information on

behavior• Case studies- Analysis of individual, and

institution, groups or community

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Major Measures

F.B.I. collects data on crimes that are known to the police

This is called the Uniform Crime Report

U.C R.Criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, theft, major vehicle theft,

and arson.

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National Statistics on CrimeViolent crime increased 2.5 percent in the U.S. between 2004 and 2005 according to a FBI report, most was around the Midwest states.

TOTAL NUMBERS:

Violent Crimes: +2.5 percent Murder: +4.8 percent Forcible Rape: -1.9 percent Robbery: +4.5 Aggravated Assault: +1.9

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The racial composition of the US population as of 2008 was:

• 79.79% White American • 15.25% Hispanic • 12.84% African American,

• 4.45% Asian American • 1.01% American Indian or Alaska • 0.18% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander American

1.69% Multiracial American

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Lifetime prevalence of incarceration

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Crime Rate 1960 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989Violent crime rate 160.9 158.1 168.2 200.2 253.2 328.7 396 417.4 487.8 475.9 548.9 594.3 537.7 556.6 609.7 663.1Homicide rate 5.1 4.8 4.6 5.1 6.2 7.3 8.6 9.4 9.6 8.8 9.8 9.8 8.3 8 8.3 8.7Property crime rate 1,726 1,747 2,012 2,249 2,736 3,351 3,769 3,737 4,811 4,602 5,017 5,264 4,637 4,650 4,940 5,078

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

758.2 747.1 684.5 611 523 504.5 475.8 469 472 429.4

9.8 9.5 8.2 6.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.7 55,140 4,740 4,591 4,316 3,744 3,658 3,591 3,432 3,277 3,036

U.S. Crime Rate

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Country Ireland Germany Netherlands NorwayUnited

Kingdom France Canada Scotland United StatesHomicide rate

(per hundred thousand)0.9 0.9 1 0.5 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.59 5.4

Year 2000 2007 2007 2006 2000 2004 2004 2001 2008

Russia VenezuelaEl

Salvador Honduras

13 48 65 78

2010 2010 2010 2010

World Homicide Rate

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Who commits Crime

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_zCr3rcJWU&feature=fvsr&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

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Gender and Crime:

Crimes for women has raised from 11% (1960)

to 19% (1991)

Female arrestee account for 22% of the index crime arrest which includes:The eight major crimes commiteed.

15Why the change?

Out of the 22% - 12% are arrested for violence.

Before 1991, Women were know for crimes of prostitution, shoplifting, and welfare fraud.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_L3puT-hH0s&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

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As social and economical roles of woman change it creates more stresses, challenges, strains and temptation.

As more women enter the work force wit a broader range of jobs- the crime rate for women will go UP!

See page 37 for shop lifter chart.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiJka0Xpy48&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

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GENDER AND CRIME

However, MEN still are the prison’s overwhelming percentage of arrest in America.

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Age and CrimeStatistics:

Men 18 and under are 8% of the total population.

They account for ½ of the arrest.

After the age of 30 it tapers off.After the age of 50 it is about 2%

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Youth gangs

The "National Youth Gang Survey Analysis" (2009) state that of gang members,• 49% are Hispanic/Latino, • 35% are African-American/black,• 9% are white, and • 7% are other race/ethnicity.

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NOTE:

That some are repeat criminals who continue to commit crimes through their lives. It is estimated that 6% of the population are chronic repeaters who have committed 5 or more offenses.

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Do you think that the crime rate would decrease if we incarcerate

those chronic offenders?

Clintons 3 strikes your out policy

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Social Class and Crime:

The average male inmate is unskilled, unemployed, and

undereducated.

An average income was around $5600.00 a year (1991)

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However, crimes are committed by all

Social Classes

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RACE AND CRIME

Data shows that even though Blacks make up only 12% of the total population they account for 29% of all arrest.

Why?

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50% of Blacks in an Urban setting are arrested at least once during their lives.

While only 14% of males are arrested at least once during their lives.

However:

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According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

• non-Hispanic blacks accounted for 30.4% of the prison and jail population in 2009.

• Hispanics (of all races) were 15.9% of those incarcerated in 2009.

• Hispanics comprised 16.3% of the US population according to the 2010 US census.

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Criminal Psychology