Latin Verbs Conjugations

VERBS&CONJUGATIONS SINGULAR ENGLISH 1st PETO I SEEK 2nd PETIS YOU SEEK 3rd PETIT HE/SHE/IT SEEKS PLURAL ENGLISH 1st PETIMUS WE SEEK 2nd PETITIS Y’ALL SEEK 3rd PETUNT THEY SEEK In Latin, all verbs belong to one of four families called conjugations. Each conjugation’s endings are slightly different from the others’. It is necessary to know a verb’s conjugation when you are writing Latin. There are simple ways to identify which conjugation a verb is from This handout will help you with the basics of identifying the conjugation of a verb. 1st 2nd PORT O , PORT A RE to carry DIC O , DIC E RE to speak AUD I O, AUD I RE to hear HAB EO , HAB E RE to have 3rd 4th FIRST PRINCIPLE PART : This part is the first person singular of the verb in the present tense “I love”. When looking up an unknown word you should always be looking for this first part. Notice that often the first part alone can show you the conjugation as with habeo and audio. However for porto and dico you must look further into the definition. SECOND PRINCIPLE PART : This part is the infinitive “to love”. This part is useful because it will also help you idenify which conjugation the verb is from when you look at the vowel before the -re. THIRD PRINCIPLE PART : This part is the first person singular perfect “I have loved”. This part is useful because you use it to make verbs in the perfect, future perfect, or pluperfect. FOURTH PRINCIPAL PART : This part is a verbal adjective. It is called the Perfect Passive Participle. It ends in 'us' and is translated as 'having been...ed'. e.g. amatus having been loved. 1st PRINCIPAL PART 2nd PRINCIPAL PART 3rd PRINCIPAL PART 4th PRINCIPAL PART Some verbs in the third conjugation have an -io in their first principal part instead of just an o. They also still have -ere in their infinitive form instead of -ire. For now the only real differences you will need to know is the 3rd plural ends in -iunt and the imperfect has an -i as well faciebam. NOTA BENE HOW TO FIND IT: Finding out which conjugation a verb is from is a simple matter of looking at the verbs definition in the dictionary. Use the chart below to find out how. PETO, ERE TO SEEK SINGULAR ENGLISH 1st FACIO I MAKE 2nd FACIS YOU MAKE 3rd FACIT HE/SHE/IT MAKES PLURAL ENGLISH 1st FACIMUS WE MAKE 2nd FACITIS Y’ALL MAKE 3rd FACIUNT THEY MAKE FACIO, ERE TO MAKE 1st 2nd 3rd 4TH A E E I THEMATIC VOWELS

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Transcript of Latin Verbs Conjugations

VERBS&CONJUGATIONS

SINGULAR ENGLISH1st PETO I SEEK2nd PETIS YOU SEEK3rd PETIT HE/SHE/IT SEEKSPLURAL ENGLISH1st PETIMUS WE SEEK2nd PETITIS Y’ALL SEEK3rd PETUNT THEY SEEK

In Latin, all verbs belong to one of four families called conjugations. Each conjugation’s endings are slightly di�erent from the others’. It is necessary to know a verb’s conjugationwhen you are writing Latin. There are simple ways to identify which conjugation a verb is fromThis handout will help you with the basics of identifying the conjugation of a verb.

1st 2nd

PORTO, PORTAREto carry

DICO, DICEREto speak

AUDIO, AUDIREto hear

HABEO,HABEREto have

3rd 4th

FIRST PRINCIPLE PART: This part is the �rst person singular of the verb in the present tense “I love”. When looking up an unknown word you should always be looking for this �rst part. Notice that often the �rst part alone can show you the conjugation as with habeo and audio. However for porto and dico you must look further into the de�nition.SECOND PRINCIPLE PART: This part is the in�nitive “to love”. This part is useful because it will also help you idenifywhich conjugation the verb is from when you look at the vowel before the -re. THIRD PRINCIPLE PART: This part is the�rst person singular perfect “I have loved”. This part is useful because you use it to make verbs in the perfect, future perfect, or pluperfect. FOURTH PRINCIPAL PART: This part is a verbal adjective. It is called the Perfect Passive Participle. It ends in 'us' and is translated as 'having been...ed'. e.g. amatus having been loved.

1st PRINCIPAL PART 2nd PRINCIPAL PART 3rd PRINCIPAL PART 4th PRINCIPAL PART

Some verbs in the third conjugation have an -io in their �rst principal part instead of just an o. Theyalso still have -ere in their in�nitive form instead of -ire. For now the only real di�erences you willneed to know is the 3rd plural ends in -iunt and the imperfect has an -i as well faciebam.NOTA BENE

HOW TO FIND IT: Finding out which conjugation a verb is from is a simple matter of looking at the verbsde�nition in the dictionary. Use the chart below to �nd out how.

PETO, ERE TO SEEKSINGULAR ENGLISH1st FACIO I MAKE2nd FACIS YOU MAKE3rd FACIT HE/SHE/IT MAKESPLURAL ENGLISH1st FACIMUS WE MAKE2nd FACITIS Y’ALL MAKE3rd FACIUNT THEY MAKE

FACIO, ERE TO MAKE

1st 2nd 3rd4TH

AEEI

THEMATIC VOWELS