Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

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Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations

Transcript of Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Page 1: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Preterite tense verbs

Explanation and conjugations

Page 2: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Preterite Tense NotesPreterite tense•The preterite is used for a past action that is completed. Treat the preterite tense as a word ending in the letters -ED.

How to form regular verbs:

1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir)2: add the appropriate endings to match the subject.-ar verb endings -er /-ir endings

éaste

ó

amos

aronasteis

íisteió

imosisteis

ieron

Note: the nosotros forms for -ar and -ir verbs are the same in both preterite and present tenses: hablamos, vivimos. Context gives us the clues to know which tense is being used.

Page 3: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

ConversaciónYour partner asks if you did each of

these actions yesterday. Respond yes and add a sentence about how it was

(ie. "it was fun")• comer en un

restaurante• enviar textos• tomar el tren• escribir un ensayo

• leer un libro• ver una película• trabajar• visitar la familia

Page 4: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Spelling Changes in the PreteritChanges for sound•In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive verb, some verbs change spelling in a few forms in the preterite tense. • "Yo" form changes only:– Verbs that end in -gar change g to gué

Verbs that end in -car change c to quéVerbs that end in -zar change z to cé

Ayer, yo tocé el piano

Ayer, yo tocé el pianotoquétoqué

Page 5: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Jugar

jugué jugamos

jugaste

jugó jugaron Buscar

busqué buscamos

buscaste

buscó buscaronEmpezar

empecé empezamos

empezaste

empezó empezaron

Page 6: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Spelling Changes, continued• For ER/IR verbs that end in two vowels before

the R (ie "leer" or "contribuir"), some the 3rd and 5th forms will conjugate with 3 vowels in a row• This is not usually allowed in Spanish, so

the "i" is changed into a "y":Leer

Leí Leimos

Leiste Leisteis

Leyó Leyeron

Page 7: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

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Listening practice1. Hola, amigo. ¿Recibiste las notas del primer

semestre?2. Sí, nos las pasaron en la segunda clase.3. ¿Y sacaste buenas notas?4. Sí, en todos menos la clase de Profe Brown. Él me

marcó muy mal.5. ¿Hablaste con él?6. Sí, unos otros estudiantes y yo fuimos a su oficina

para preguntarle por qué.7. ¿Y qué les contestó?8. Que no estudiamos suficientemente para el

examen.9. Ay, sí. Yo también fracasé en éste.10. Sí, fue horrible.

Page 8: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Stem changers in the preterite•-ar and -er verbs that change their stem in the present tense do not change in the preterite. They are conjugated just like other regular preterite verbs.

Soñar - to dream

Soñé Soñamos

Soñaste Soñasteis

Soñó Soñaron

Devolver - to return

Devolví Devolvimos

Devolviste

Devolvisteis

Devolvió Devolvieron

Page 9: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Stem changers in the preterite• -ir verbs that change their stem in the present tense

do change in the preterite. However, they make different changes in the preterite:• If they change o-UE in the present, they change o-u in

the preterite. This change only occurs in the él and ellos forms.

Dormir - PRESENT

duermo Dormimos

Duermes

Duerme Duermen

Dormir - PRETERITE

Dormí Dormimos

Dormiste

Durmió durmieron

Page 10: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Stem changers in the preterite•If they change e-ie or e-i in the present, they change e-i in the preterite. This change only occurs in the él and ellos forms.

Mentir - PRESENT

miento mentimos

mientes

miente mienten

Mentir - PRETERITE

mentí mentimos

mentiste

mintió mintieron

Page 11: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Irregular Verbs in the PreteriteAlternate endings•Some verbs, because of their short length, take alternate endings• ser / ir• dar (takes -er endings)

Page 12: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Irregular Verbs in the PreteriteAlternate endings• A number of verbs that are irregular in

the preterite follow a particular pattern. Their stems change in ALL FORMS, and they all take the following irregular endings:• -e -imos

-iste -isteis-o -ieron

Page 13: Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations.

Infinitive Stem Change

estar estuv-

tener tuv-

poder pud-

poner pus-

saber sup-

hacer hic-

querer quis-

venir vin-

decir dij-

traer traj-

Here are the irregular verbs, along with their corresponding stem changes. Remember to use the irregular endings on these verbs.

Note: One exception is the él form (3rd person, singular) of hacer. To preserve the sound, the C changes to Z to form "él hizo."

Note: A second exception is the ellos form (3rd person, plural) of decir and traer. These two verbs take the ending "eron", without the normal "i"