LARYNGITIS, TRACHITIS AND BRONCHITIS

(Upper respiratory tract affection)

غانممحمديمحمد/د.أ

أستاذ األمراض الباطنةورئيس قسم طب الحيوان

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LARYNGITIS, TRACHITIS AND BRONCHITIS

(Upper respiratory tract affection)

Inflammation of upper respiratory tract characterized clinically by coughing and inspiratory dyspnea

Etiology:

1- Equine viral influenza.

2- Equine viral arteritis.

3- Equine herpes virus.

4- Strangles (streptococcus equi)

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Clinical findings

Coughing and inspiratory dyspnea are the two common clinical signs.

1- In the early acute stages, the cough is usually dry non-productive and is easily induced by grasping the larynx and trachea.

2- In the chronic stages, the cough may be less frequent distressing and usually dry and harsh.

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Induction of cough (cough test) by grasping larynx

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3-Moist cough and thick mucous, flecks of blood and fibrin may be coughed if the lesions cause much exudation or ulceration of the mucosa.

4- Inspiratory dyspnea varies with the degree of obstruction and is usually accompanied by a loud stridor and harsh breath sounds on each inspiration (these are best heard over the trachea)

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Diagnosis

(I) History

(II) Clinical examination.

(III) Endoscopic examination:

Examination of upper respiratory tract with fiberoptic endoscope

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Scant mucus in trachea of a healthy horse

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mucus or mucopurulent secretions in the trachea of a horse

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Treatment

1- Rest and avoidance of exposure to inclement weather may resolve spontaneously the common viral infection.

2- Secondary bacterial complication must be treated with the appropriate antibacterial agent (antibiotics or sulfonamides)

3- A combination of corticosteroid (Dexamethazone) and antibiotics therapy is of value in chronic cases

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N.B:

- Animals with severe lesions and marked inspiratory dyspnea may require a tracheotomy and insertion of a tracheotomy tube for several days until the lesion heals.

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ANY QUESTION