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SABAH STATE WATER DEPARTMENT

CENTRAL WATER LABORATORY AND QUALITY CONTROL

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION(1st of July 2014-19th of September 2014)

NAMESHANADAH MARUTINPROGRAMMEINDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRYINSTITUTEUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

INTRODUCTIONCentral Water Laboratory and Quality Control of Sabah State Water Department which located in Putatan, Sabah was founded in 1991.

It is a centre for analysing the quality of water supply which distributed from the water treatment plants to the consumers from all around Sabah.FUNCTION:

Carry out chemical and bacterial test and ensure it meets the national standards (MAL/WHO).

Manage the chemicals obtained which will be used for raw water treatment process.

Ensure the quality of chemicals used in each water treatment plant meet certain specification for the safety of the public. work experienceTaking and receiving water samples from all around Sabah.

Testing 19 parameters for water quality analysis.

3.Visiting water treatment plants.

WATER SAMPLINGWater samples are usually taken from several sources from each area in Sabah. This includes :

Intake (River/Dam)

Treatment Plant Outlet (TPO)

Service Reservoir Outlet (SRO)

Main pipeline

Consumers tap

Water Sampling Box

Sample BottlesWater sampling apparatus

TAKING WATER SAMPLES (BACTERIAL ANALYSIS)Let water flow for 1 minuteApply ethanolHeat

Water laboratory WATER QUALITY ANALYSISThere are total of 19 parameters that need to be analyzed:

Drinking water quality standards and frequency of monitoring

Water samples that need to be tested

UV-VIS SpectrophotometerThis instrument is used for the following tests:

-Aluminium-Ammonia-Chlorine-Manganese-Iron-Nitrate-Sulphate-FluorideAluminium test

Water sample + ECR reagent powder pillows + hexamethylenetetramine + 1 drop ECR masking reagent solutionTest water sample with UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Ammonia testWater sample + Ammonia cyanurate reagent powder pillow+ Ammonia salicylate reagent powder pillowTest water sample with UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Water sample + DPD free chlorine reagent powder pillowTest water sample with UV-VIS spectrophotometerChlorine test

Manganese testWater sample + 12 drops Alkaline cyanide reagent + Ascorbic acid powder pillows + 12 drops PAN indicator solutionTest water sample with UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Iron testTest water sample with UV-VIS spectrophotometerWater sample + FerroVer iron reagent powder pillow

Water sample + NitroVer 6 Nitrate reagent powder pillow +NitriVer 3 Nitrite reagent powder pillowTest water sample with UV-VIS spectrophotometerNitrate test

Water sample + SulfaVer 4 Sulphate reagent powder pillowTest water sample with UV-VIS spectrophotometerSulphate test

Water sample + SPADN 2 reagent powder pillowFluoride testTitration method is used to determine the following tests:

-Chloride-Total hardness-AlkalinityChloride test

Water sample + Potassium chromate Titrated with silver nitrate

Water sample + 2 drops Solochrome black+Ammonia buffer solutionTitrated with EDTA solutionTotal hardness test

Water sample + Sodium thiosulphate (treated water)+Methyl orangeTitrated with sulphuric acid solutionAlkalinity test

Conductivity meterStirrerThese instruments are used for the following tests:

-Electric conductivity-Total dissolved solids-Dissolved oxygen

Turbidity meter used for turbidity test

Instrument used for Hazen test

Instrument used for COD testCOD test

Instrument used to test pH level pH test

Incubator to store bacteria samplesBacterial test WATER TREATMENT PLANTWATER TREATMENT PROCESS

Sketched diagram of water treatment systemPre-treatment process:

-Pumping-screening-pre-chlorination-near the river in order to pump in the raw water.

-pumping ability of the water pump depends on its pumping capacity, which how much millionlitre per day (mL/d) of water it is able to pump in every hour.

Pumping-water will flow through a screen to separate large objects .

-Coarse screen made from iron mesh and fine screen made from fine iron filters were usually used.

Screening-Small dosage of chlorine is added into the raw water.

-reduce the intensity of colour, taste and odour. Pre-chlorination-level of oxygen of water is raised by injecting air and creates a turbulence to improve its odour and taste.

-This process eliminates the odour and taste of diluted gas. Aeration-colloids and suspended solids in water is isolated.

-Chemical coagulant, alumm is added.

-larger floc is formed by addition of floculant. -coagulation and flocculation process stabilized the suspended colloids thus forming fine particles which made it in favor for sedimentation process. Sedimentation-separates unsettled flocs and suspended particles left in the water.

- Sand filter, floor nozzles and fine pebbles was usually used to filter the water.

FiltrationDisinfection

-made water to be pathogen-free.

-chemicals, such as chlorine is added into the water.

-also known as chlorination process. Clear water tank-water is then feed and stored in the clear water tank.

-water in clear water tank will undergo a certain detention time depends on the tank level and treated flow rate

-water is then distributed to the reservoir by gravity.

CONCLUSION-Fully equip with instruments and chemicals needed for water analysis. Therefore, the water quality analysis can be conducted without a slight problem.

-All the materials and apparatus was stored in orderly manner and these make the daily duty can be carried out easily and efficiently.

-Gained a lot of knowledge regarding the parameters for water quality analysis and water treatment process, which had been a beneficial experience for me.

-Learned to apply most of the knowledge that I gained during my study years in my industrial training period.