Landing Pattern(Part 1 – Deconstruction of the pattern)

T6BDriver.comUpdated: 22 Jan 2016

Overview

• Pattern Sections

• Upwind & Crosswind Turn

• Downwind to the 180 Position

• Approach Turn to Final

• Final & Landing

• Waveoff

Contact FTI

• Chapter 6 – Landing Procedures• Largest chapter in FTI (34 pages)

• Covers all pattern procedures

• Need to know this chapter inside & out!

• Cannot learn it all in one reading

• Need to transfer all of the knowledge to application (hard part)

Learning Methodology

• Need to learn each section of the pattern• Break down each section of the pattern and the skill set in that section

• What you need to look for in each section?

• What you need to do in each section?

• Build a good rhythm and consistency thus a good habit pattern

• Deeper analyzation after basic “monkey skills” are down

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Upwind

Downwind

Ap

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ach Tu

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Landing Pattern (Basic View)

Final /Groove

LandingTransition

Cro

sswin

d Tu

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Upwind

Downwind

Ap

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ach Tu

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180

90

Landing Pattern (By Section)

Transition Area

Abeam

Final /Groove

LandingTransition

Cro

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d Tu

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- Begin slowing to final speed- Reduce Q to approx. 10-12%- Back stick pressure- Trim nose up

Upwind

Cro

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d Tu

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DownwindTransition Area

180

Ap

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ach Tu

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Final /Groove

LandingTransition

90400’-450’ AGL

¾ to 1 WTD

- Lower flaps & set QNF – 31% QTO – 35% Q (42% FTI)LDG – 52% Q

- Adjust pitch picture- Trim nose down- Before Landing Checklist

- Roll in to 20-30˚ bank“123, 180 gear down”

Abeam

- Reduce QNF – 14% as approach 180TO – 15%LDG – 18%

- Lower nose- Trim nose up

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL

Transition: Power, Pitch, Trim, Turn, Talk

- Play AOB to rollout on extended rwy centerline- Aimpoint will be approx. mid-HUD

Transition: Power, Pause, Level, Idle, Flare

Landing Pattern

Intended Pt of Ldg

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Upwind

Upwind & Crosswind

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Upwind

Upwind & Crosswind Nose Up Trim(after T&G)

Look at rwy end

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Upwind

Upwind & Crosswind

Exhaust Stack Exhaust Stack

Cowling

Upwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

Exhaust Stack Exhaust Stack

Cowling

Upwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

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Upwind

Upwind & Crosswind

Exhaust Stack Exhaust Stack

Cowling

Upwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

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Upwind

Upwind & Crosswind

Exhaust StackExhaust Stack

Upwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

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Upwind

Upwind & Crosswind

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Upwind

Upwind & Crosswind

Crosswind TurnUpwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

Horizon at base of HUD

Set 35° bank(note base of HUD)

Crosswind Turn

Upwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

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Upwind

Cro

sswin

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Upwind & Crosswind

TCAS to horizon

Level Turn to DownwindCrosswind Turn

TCAS to horizon

At 35° bank (note top of HUD)

Level Turn to Downwind

Crosswind Turn

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Upwind

Cro

sswin

d

Upwind & Crosswind

References & Downwind Track

Downwind Spacing/Track

References & Downwind Track TCAS to horizon

Downwind Spacing/Track

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Upwind

Cro

sswin

d

Upwind & Crosswind

Downwind Spacing/Track Crosswind Turn

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Upwind

Cro

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Upwind & Crosswind

References & Downwind Track

Runway

Downwind Spacing/Track

References & Downwind Track

Runway

Downwind Spacing/Track

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Upwind

Cro

sswin

d

Upwind & Crosswind

Level Turn to Downwind Downwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

TCAS to horizon

At 30° bank (note top of HUD)

Nose slightly below horizon

Level Turn to Downwind

Downwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

Downwind to the 180 Position

Downwind

- Check pitch & power- Check altitude & airspeed- Check spacing

¾ WTD

1 WTD

¾ to 1 WTD

Downwind View at RunwayDownwind Pitch (Gear ↓, Flaps ↑)

Pitch & PowerAlt & Airspeed

Downwind to the 180 Position

Downwind

- Lower flaps & set QNF – 31% QTO – 35% Q (42% FTI)LDG – 52% Q

- Adjust pitch picture- Trim nose down - Check pitch & power

- Check altitude & airspeed- Check spacing

¾ to 1 WTD

No Flap Downwind Pitch / 31% TO Flap Downwind Pitch / 35% LDG Flap Downwind Pitch / 52%

No Flap Downwind Pitch

TO Flap Downwind Pitch

LDG Flap Downwind Pitch

Downwind to the 180 Position

Downwind

- Lower flaps & set QNF – 31% QTO – 35% Q (42% FTI)LDG – 52% Q

- Adjust pitch picture- Trim nose down- Before Landing Checklist - Check pitch & power

- Check altitude & airspeed- Check spacing

¾ to 1 WTD

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3

2

Before Landing Checklist (triangle pattern)Defog – OFFEngine Instruments – CheckedGear – Down (Both)Brakes – CheckedFlaps – As Req (Up/TO/LDG) (Both)Speed Brake – Retracted

Before Landing Checklist Complete

Downwind to the 180 Position

Downwind

- Lower flaps & set QNF – 31% QTO – 35% Q (42% FTI)LDG – 52% Q

- Adjust pitch picture- Trim nose down- Before Landing Checklist

Abeam

- Check pitch & power- Check altitude & airspeed- Check spacing

Intended Pt of Ldg

¾ to 1 WTD

Abeam Position on DownwindIPL End of Rwy

Downwind to the 180 Position

DownwindTransition Area

- Lower flaps & set QNF – 31% QTO – 35% Q (42% FTI)LDG – 52% Q

- Adjust pitch picture- Trim nose down- Before Landing Checklist

Abeam

- Reduce QNF – 14% as approach 180TO – 15%LDG – 18%

- Lower nose- Trim nose up

Transition: Power, Pitch, Trim, Turn, Talk

- Check pitch & power- Check altitude & airspeed- Check spacing

Intended Pt of Ldg

¾ to 1 WTD

TO Flap Downwind PitchTO Flap Approach Turn Pitch

Downwind to the 180 Position

DownwindTransition Area

180

- Lower flaps & set QNF – 31% QTO – 35% Q (42% FTI)LDG – 52% Q

- Adjust pitch picture- Trim nose down- Before Landing Checklist

- Roll in to 20-30˚ bank“123, 180 gear down”

Abeam

- Reduce QNF – 14% as approach 180TO – 15%LDG – 18%

- Lower nose- Trim nose up

Transition: Power, Pitch, Trim, Turn, Talk

- Check pitch & power- Check altitude & airspeed- Check spacing

Intended Pt of LdgRollout Point

¾ to 1 WTD

TO Flap Approach Turn PitchTO Flap Approach Turn Pitch & Bank

- Approach Turn (pwr / airspeed)NF – 14% / 120 KIASTO – 15% / 115 KIASLDG – 18% / 110 KIAS

- No slower than on-speed AOA

Downwind to the 180 Position

DownwindTransition Area

180

- Lower flaps & set QNF – 31% QTO – 35% Q (42% FTI)LDG – 52% Q

- Adjust pitch picture- Trim nose down- Before Landing Checklist

- Roll in to 20-30˚ bank“123, 180 gear down”

Abeam

- Reduce QNF – 14% as approach 180TO – 15%LDG – 18%

- Lower nose- Trim nose up

Transition: Power, Pitch, Trim, Turn, Talk

- Check pitch & power- Check altitude & airspeed- Check spacing

Intended Pt of LdgRollout Point

¾ to 1 WTD

180 Position on Downwind

Rollout Pt.(1,200’-1,500’ Final)

Aimpoint(End of Rwy)

- Approach Turn (pwr / airspeed)NF – 14% / 120 KIASTO – 15% / 115 KIASLDG – 18% / 110 KIAS

- No slower than on-speed AOA

180 Position on DownwindRollout Pt.(1,200’-1,500’ Final)

Aimpoint(End of Rwy)

Approach Turn & Final Airspeeds / Power

Flap Setting

NF

TO Flaps

LDG Flaps

Approach Turn

120 KIAS

115 KIAS

110 KIAS

Power

14%

15%

18%

Approach Turn & Final Airspeeds / Power

Flap Setting

NF

TO Flaps

LDG Flaps

Approach Turn

120 KIAS

115 KIAS

110 KIAS

Power

14%

15%

18%

Power

?

?

?

Final

110 KIAS

105 KIAS

100 KIAS

Approach Turn & Final Airspeeds / Power

Flap Setting

NF

TO Flaps

LDG Flaps

Approach Turn

120 KIAS

115 KIAS

110 KIAS

Power

14%

15%

18%

Final

110 KIAS

105 KIAS

100 KIAS

Power(at 90 position to slow)

10-12%

10-12%

10-12%

Power

?

?

?

Approach Turn & Final Airspeeds / Power

Flap Setting

NF

TO Flaps

LDG Flaps

Approach Turn

120 KIAS

115 KIAS

110 KIAS

Power

14%

15%

18%

Power

10-14%

10-15%

10-18%

Final

110 KIAS

105 KIAS

100 KIAS

Power(at 90 position to slow)

10-12%

10-12%

10-12%

Approach Turn & Final Airspeeds / Power

Flap Setting

NF

TO Flaps

LDG Flaps

Approach Turn

120 KIAS

115 KIAS

110 KIAS

Power

14%

15%

18%

Power

10-14%

10-15%

10-18%

Final

110 KIAS

105 KIAS

100 KIAS

Power(at 90 position to slow)

10-12%

10-12%

10-12%

FTI/NATOPS Touchdown(approx. 7 KIAS less than final)

103 KIAS

98 KIAS

93 KIAS

Approach Turn & Final Airspeeds / Power

Flap Setting

NF

TO Flaps

LDG Flaps

Approach Turn

120 KIAS

115 KIAS

110 KIAS

Power

14%

15%

18%

Power

10-14%

10-15%

10-18%

Final

110 KIAS

105 KIAS

100 KIAS

Power(at 90 position to slow)

10-12%

10-12%

10-12%

FTI/NATOPS Touchdown(approx. 7 KIAS less than final)

103 KIAS

98 KIAS

93 KIAS

Observed Touchdown(less than 700# of fuel)

95-100 KIAS

90-95 KIAS

85-90 KIAS

• Approx. 7 KIAS above final calculated at approx. 1000# fuel (worst case scenario)

• As fuel weight decreases, aircraft weight decreases & touchdown speed decreases (sliding scale)

• Example of effects of fuel weight with speed using LDG flaps:• 1000# fuel – TD at 93 KIAS approx.• 700# fuel – TD at 90 KIAS approx.• 300# fuel – TD at 85 KIAS approx.

• TD speeds affect TOLD!!! You need to TD in the zone as well as on the correct speed!!!

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Approach Turn to FinalTO Flap Approach Turn Sight Picture

(off the 180)

Rollout Pt.(1,200’-1,500’ Final)

Aimpoint(End of Rwy)

Airspeed

Ap

pro

ach

Turn

Final /Groove

90400’-450’ AGL

- Approach Turn (pwr / airspeed)NF – 14% / 120 KIASTO – 15% / 115 KIASLDG – 18% / 110 KIAS

- No slower than on-speed AOA

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL

- Scan between rollout point, aim point, airspeed, & nose- Fly to rollout point ( use angle of bank)- Descend to aimpoint (use pitch/pwr)- Maintain airspeed (use pitch/pwr)

180

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Approach Turn to Final

TO Flap Approach Turn Sight Picture (at the 90)

Rollout Pt.(1,200’-1,500’ Final)

Aimpoint(End of Rwy)

Airspeed

Ap

pro

ach

Turn

Final /Groove

90400’-450’ AGL

- Approach Turn (pwr / airspeed)NF – 14% / 120 KIASTO – 15% / 115 KIASLDG – 18% / 110 KIAS

- No slower than on-speed AOA

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL

- Scan between rollout point, aim point, airspeed, & nose- Fly to rollout point ( use angle of bank)- Descend to aimpoint (use pitch/pwr)- Maintain airspeed (use pitch/pwr)

180

- Begin slowing to final speed- Reduce Q to approx. 10-12%- Back stick pressure- Trim nose up

slower than On-Speed-Increase by ½ the

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Approach Turn to Final Rollout Pt.(1,200’-1,500’ Final)

Aimpoint(End of Rwy)

Airspeed & Alt

Ap

pro

ach

Turn

Final /Groove

90400’-450’ AGL

- Approach Turn (pwr / airspeed)NF – 14% / 120 KIASTO – 15% / 115 KIASLDG – 18% / 110 KIAS

- No slower than on-speed AOA

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL

- Scan between rollout point, aim point, airspeed, & nose- Fly to rollout point ( use angle of bank)- Descend to aimpoint (use pitch/pwr)- Maintain airspeed (use pitch/pwr)

180

- Begin slowing to final speed- Reduce Q to approx. 10-12%- Back stick pressure- Trim nose up

- Play AOB to rollout on extended rwy centerline- Aimpoint will be approx. mid-HUD

- Begin slowing to final speed- Reduce Q to approx. 10-12%- Back stick pressure- Trim nose up

Ap

pro

ach

Turn

Final /Groove

90400’-450’ AGL

- Approach Turn (pwr / airspeed)NF – 14% / 120 KIASTO – 15% / 115 KIASLDG – 18% / 110 KIAS

- No slower than on-speed AOA

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL- Final (pwr / airspeed)

NF – (as req) / 110 KIASTO – (as req) / 105 KIASLDG – (as req) / 100 KIAS

- Scan between rollout point, aim point, airspeed, & nose- Fly to rollout point ( use angle of bank)- Descend to aimpoint (use pitch/pwr)- Maintain airspeed (use pitch/pwr)

- Play AOB to rollout on extended rwy centerline- Aimpoint will be approx. mid-HUD

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180

Approach Turn to Final Aimpoint(End of Rwy)

Airspeed & Alt

TO Flap Final (at Rollout Pt.)

Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL

Final & Landing

9

Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

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9Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

TouchdownZone

First 1/3 of rwy

9Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL- Final (pwr / airspeed)

NF – (as req) / 110 KIASTO – (as req) / 105 KIASLDG – (as req) / 100 KIAS

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

TouchdownZone

Landing roll

First 1/3 of rwy

Aimpoint(End of Rwy)

Airspeed

TO Flap Final (at Rollout Pt.)

9Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL- Final (pwr / airspeed)

NF – (as req) / 110 KIASTO – (as req) / 105 KIASLDG – (as req) / 100 KIAS

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

TouchdownZone

Landing roll

First 1/3 of rwy

Negative Waveoff Lights

Gear Down

TO Flap Final (at Rollout Pt.)

- Last chance check: Gear & lights- Scan Aimpoint / Airspeed

9Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL- Final (pwr / airspeed)

NF – (as req) / 110 KIASTO – (as req) / 105 KIASLDG – (as req) / 100 KIAS

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

TouchdownZone

Landing roll

First 1/3 of rwy

TO Flap Final (Landing Assured)

- Last chance check: Gear & lights- Scan Aimpoint / Airspeed

- When landing assured begin landing transition

Spinner/Cowl Touching Threshold

9Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL- Final (pwr / airspeed)

NF – (as req) / 110 KIASTO – (as req) / 105 KIASLDG – (as req) / 100 KIAS

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

TouchdownZone

Landing roll

First 1/3 of rwy

- Last chance check: Gear & lights- Scan Aimpoint / Airspeed

- When landing assured begin landing transition

- Power starts towards IDLE- (Pause) Keep nose from dropping- Shift eyes down rwy & level aircraft

Transition: Power, Pause, Level, Idle, Flare

Landing Transition

Shift eyes down runway

TO Flap Final (Landing Assured)

Power starts toward idle (do not chop)

9Final / Groove

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL- Final (pwr / airspeed)

NF – (as req) / 110 KIASTO – (as req) / 105 KIASLDG – (as req) / 100 KIAS

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

TouchdownZone

Landing roll

First 1/3 of rwy

- Last chance check: Gear & lights- Scan Aimpoint / Airspeed

- When landing assured begin landing transition

- Power starts towards IDLE- (Pause) Keep nose from dropping- Shift eyes down rwy & level aircraft

Transition: Power, Pause, Level, Idle, Flare

Landing Transition

Eyes down runway

TO Flap Landing (Leveling Aircraft)

Power at Idle

9Final / Groove

Flare & Touchdown

AimpointRollout Point1200’ – 1500’

100’ – 150’ AGL- Final (pwr / airspeed)

NF – (as req) / 110 KIASTO – (as req) / 105 KIASLDG – (as req) / 100 KIAS - Last chance check: Gear & lights

- Scan Aimpoint / Airspeed

- When landing assured begin landing transition

- Power starts towards IDLE- (Pause) Keep nose from dropping- Shift eyes down rwy & level aircraft

Transition: Power, Pause, Level, Idle, Flare

Intended Pt of Ldg(500’ down rwy)

Final & Landing

TouchdownZone

Landing Transition

Landing roll

- Power to IDLE (if not already)- Flare to slight nose up attitude

First 1/3 of rwy

Still see horizon over nose

TO Flap Landing (Flare)

Waveoff

• When to waveoff:• Initiated by the Pilot• Directed by external source (RDO, wheels watch, waveoff lights, twr, etc.)

• Do not delay the decision to waveoff leading to a deeper safety issue

• Procedures:• Advance PCL (MAX may not always be required)• Level wings & center ball• Raise nose to a climb attitude of 120 KIAS• Make a radio call (if aircraft is under control)• Reconfigure aircraft (flaps/power) and adjust flight path

Conclusion

• Pattern Sections

• Upwind & Crosswind Turn

• Downwind to the 180 Position

• Approach Turn to Final

• Final & Landing

• Waveoff