Land Issues [Idam Kadam Denamuthukam] - Tamil

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Disclaimer:“This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Transparency International Sri Lanka and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.”

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INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; cjtpAld; ,e;j gjpg;G jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j gjpg;gpd; cs;slf;fq;fs; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fhtpd; jdpg; nghWg;GilajhFk;. ve;jnthU tifapYk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fshf fUjg;glf; $lhJ.

Kjy; gjpg;G 2012

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh

,y 6> 37MtJ xOq;if

,uhzp tPjp> nfhOk;G 03

njhiyNgrp: 011 4369781

njhiyefy;: 011 2506419

kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]

ISBN: 978-955-1281-53-3

MrpupaH FO:

jpU. G. D fPHj;jp fkNf (,yq;if epHthf Nrit)

jpU. R .M .S .B ,uj;dhaf;f (,yq;if epHthf Nrit)

jpU. E. M .M Vf;fehaf;f (,yq;if epHthf Nrit)

jpU. D .A mre;j FzNrfu (,yq;if epHthf Nrit)

jpU. S th`ytj;ij (,yq;if epHthf Nrit)

jpU. R. A jpyf;fuj;d (,yq;if epHthf Nrit)

fhH^d;- jpU. gpay; cja rkutPu

gf;f tbtikg;G- jpU. `upj j`ehaf;f

,izg;ghsH- jpU. fahd; ypadNf

xOq;fikg;ghsH- jpU. rhe;j FyJq;f

fhzpfis

mwpe;J

nfhs;Nthk;

cs;slf;fk;:

fhzp Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp - 1

jiytupd; nra;jp - 2

1. fhzp vd;gjid Gupe;J nfhs;Nthk; - 3

2. nghJ kf;fSf;F kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F fhzpfis

gfpHe;jspg;gjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s rl;lq;fs; vit? - 9

3. murpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk;

(mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjp) - 15

4. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;

Clhf fpilj;j fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; - 26

5. mDkjpg; gj;jpu gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; - 32

6. fhzp cupik khw;wy; (tpw;wy;)> mlF itj;jy; - 35

7. tho;f;if cupik - 46

8. fhzp msj;jy; - 54

9. fhzpg; gpur;rpid - 61

,izg;Gf;fs; - 69

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh | 1

fhzp Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp

mur fhzpfis ntFthf gad;gLj;Jgtu;fs; tul;rp epyg;gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kpfTk; twpa kf;fNsahFk;. mtu;fspd; [PtNdhghak; ngupJk; jq;fpapUg;gJ murhy; toq;fg;gLk; fhzpfspNyahFk;. vdpDk; ,e;j kf;fSf;F fhzp njhlu;ghd tpguq;fspy; ghupa mwptpd;ik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.mjdhNyNa jkf;F mtrpakhd fhzpfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk; jkf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpfis ghtpg;gjpYk; cupa mwptpd;ik fhuzkhf gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;whu;fs;.,jd; fhuzkhf ,J njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfis Kuzhd tifapy; mZFtjd; fhuzkhf gy rq;flq;fis vjpu;Nehf;Ftij vkJ mDgtj;jpd; thapyhf fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

njhlu;ghly; mgptpUj;jpapd; fhuzkhf jw;NghJ kf;fSf;F ,yFthf jfty;fis ngw;W nfhs;sf;$bajhf cs;;sJ vdpDk; f~;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; ,j;jifa Vio kf;fSf;F mj;jifa trjpfs; ,d;Dk; KOikahf nrd;wilatpy;iy. Clfq;fspd; thapyhf ,jw;fhd tpguk; toq;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gpDk; Vida gpupTfSld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,j;Jiw ,d;Dk; gpd;jq;fpNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,e;j tpguq;fis kpfTk; ruskhd tifapy; Gupe;J nfhs;sj;jf;f tifapy; Kd;itj;J mur fhzpfs; ghtpg;gJ njhlu;ghf njspTWj;Jk; ,e;j ifEhy; fhyj;jpd; Njitahf fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

gy;NtW ru;tNjr njhz;lu; epWtdq;fs; ekJ ehl;bd; mur epu;thfj;jpid gy;NtW tifapy; tpku;rpj;J mjd; Fiw epiwfSf;F Vw;g ehl;bd; epiyia tifg;gLj;jp jkJ Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;s Jbf;Fk; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; ,USf;F xspA+l;Lk; tifapy; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lu;nerdy; epWtdk; [Nuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; mDruidAld; nraw;gLj;Jk; ,f;fhupak; kpfTk; ghuhl;lj;jf;fjhFk;.,e;j ifEhiy tbtikg;gjw;F mDgtk; kw;Wk; jq;fs; Nkyhu;e;j mwpT Xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpa ,yq;if epu;thf Nrit mjpfhupfs; mWtUf;Fk; vdJ ghuhl;Ljy;fis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.,e;j ifEhiy jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;J ntspapl Kide;jpUg;gJ jkpo; NgRk; kf;fSf;F kpfTk; gpuNahrdkhdjhFk;.,j;jifa rpwe;j gzpapid epiwNtw;w Kide;J ,jw;F gq;fspg;G ey;fpa rfyUf;Fk; ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfSf;F nkd;NkYk; rf;jpAk;> ijupaKk; fpl;Ltjw;F gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

R.G.R uh[gf;]

fhzp Mizahsu; ehafk;

2 | fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

jiytupd; nra;jp

,e;jg; Gj;jfk; Vd; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ?

,yq;ifauhd vkf;F ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; rpwpa ehlhFk;. ehl;bd;

rdj;njhifAld; xg;gpLk; NghJ> vkf;F epyk; vd;gJ ngWkjp kpf;f

nrhj;jhFk;. vkJ gz;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; epyk; vd;gJ tho;thjhu

topahf khj;jpuk; ,y;yhJ> vkf;F r%f mq;fPfhuj;ij ngw;Wj; jUk; xU

mk;rkhf cs;sJ. Mdhy;> vkJ ehl;L kf;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdtHfSf;F

fhzp njhlHgpy; ,Uf;Fk; newpKiwfs;> rl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J Nghjpa

Gupe;JzHT ,y;iy. tpNrlkhf> vkJ ehl;bd; tlkj;jpa> Cth kw;Wk;

fpof;F khfhzq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfs; mjpfkhf trpg;gJ murhq;fj;jpd;

fhzpfspNyahFk;. murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia Kfhik nra;tjpy; gy;NtW

rl;lq;fs; cs;sd. ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; nghJkf;fs; jkJ fhzp rhHe;j

mur flikfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd Gupe;JzHT

,d;ikahy;> gy;NtW rpf;fy;fis vjpHNehf;Ffpd;wdH. buhd;];Ngud;]p

,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; Kd;ndLj;j “nghJ

kd;wk;” epfo;r;rpfs; gytw;wpy;> nghJkf;fs; vjpHNehf;Fk; gpujhd rpf;fyhf>

fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;rpidfs; ntspg;gl;ld. mNjNtis> fhzpfs;

njhlHgpy; nghJkf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHtpid Vw;gLj;JkhW gy;NtW

epWtdq;fs;> mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; egHfs; vk;kplk; Nfhupf;if tpLj;jpUe;jdH.

mj;Jld;. gpuNjr epHthfj;jpw;F mika fhzpg; gpur;rpidfs; njhlHgpy;

ehk; Kd;ndLj;j Ma;Tfspy; nghJkf;fs; Fwpj;j tplak; njhlHgpy;

jfty; mwpahjtHfshf cs;sikapd; fhuzkhf> gpur;rpidiaj; jPHj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;F rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,yQ;rk; toq;f NeHe;jikiaAk;

Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jdH. ,t;thwhd gy gpur;rpidfisj; jPHg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpapd;

xU mq;fkhf ,e;j ifE}y; ntspahfpd;wJ.

,e;j fhzpg; gpur;rpidfis vjpHNehf;fpAs;s ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs;

fpuhkg;Gwq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wikapdhy;> kpfTk; vspa>

ruskhd nkhop eilapy; ,e;j ifE}y; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdj;jpw;fhf ,e;j

ifE}y; tbtikg;gpy; mwpTrhH gq;fspg;G toq;fpa ,yq;if epHthf

Nrit mjpfhupfshd G. D. fPHj;jp fkNf> R. M. S. B. ,uj;dhaf;f> E. M. M. Vf;fehaf;f> D. A. mre;j FzNrfu> S. th`ytj;ij> R. A. jpyf;fuj;d MfpNahUf;Fk;> rpwe;j fhH^d; rpj;jpuq;fis tiue;J je;Jjtpa gpay;

cja rkutPu mtHfSf;Fk;> ,e;j Kaw;rpf;F jkJ caupa gq;fspg;gpid

toq;fpa vkJ nraw;FOtpidr; NrHe;j midtUf;Fk; vd;Dila

ed;wpfisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

M. D. A. n`uy;l;>

jiytH>

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh


1. fhzp vd;gjid Gupe;J

nfhs;Nthk;

fhzp vd;gJ ek; midtUf;Fk; ngWkjp kpf;f nrhj;jhFk;.

capUf;F mLj;jjhf cyfpy; cs;s midtUk; kjpf;Fk;

tplakhf fhzp vd;gJ cs;sJ. mt;thNw fhzp vd;gJ

ehshe;jk; ngWkjp mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; xU nrhj;J MFk;.

vdNt> fhzp kw;Wk; mJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;ljpl;lq;fis mwpe;J

nfhs;tJ kpfTk; gaDs;sjhFk;. Kjyhtjhf> ehk; fhzp

xd;wpd; tiffis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

jdpahu; fhzp

,tw;iw guk;giu topapy; te;j fhzpfs;> jdpg;gl;l fhzpfs;>

epe;j`k; vd;Wk; miog;gH. mj;Jld;> tp`hufk;> Njthyfk;

fhzp vdTk; fhzp tiffs; cs;sd.

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp

mjhtJ> ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; cupj;Jila ,lkhFk;.


fhzp mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; gpd;dH

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzp tpLg;G fl;lisr; rl;lk;

vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapNyNa fhzpfs; ,t;thW ,uz;L

tiffshf gpupf;fg;gl;ld. gpupj;jhdpaupd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; %yk; ehl;by; ,Ue;j

fhzpfs; Fwpj;J tprhuizfs; elj;jg;gl;L> kf;fs; jkJ

cupikfis cWjp nra;j fhzpfis jdpahu; fhzpahfTk;>

Vidait murhq;f fhzpahfTk; xJf;fg;gl;ld.

fhzp vd;gjpy; epyk;> mjw;Fs; mike;Js;s kuq;fs;> jhtuq;fs;

kw;Wk; fl;llq;fs; vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

,e;j ifE}ypy; ehk; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp njhlHgpNyNa mjpf

ftdk; nrYj;jTs;Nshk;.

1.1 ,e;jf; fhzpfis gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tJ

vt;thW?

,q;Fjhd; vkf;F epy msitahsH jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk;

mtHfsplk; cs;s epy tiuglk; (Plan) vd;gd Kf;fpakhfpd;wd.

fhzpnahd;W jdpahu; fhzpah my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpah

vd;gjid rupahf milahsk; fhz;gjw;F> Fwpj;j fhzp

rk;ge;jg;gl;l tiuglj;jpid Muha;e;J ghHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

epy tiuglq;fspy; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp

vd;gd jdpj;jdpahf Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. tiuglj;jpy; xt;nthU

fhzp njhlHghd jfty;fSk; njspthf gl;bayplg;gl;bUf;Fk;

(fhzpg; gq;Ffspd; gl;bay; my;yJ FbapUg;G gl;bay;

(Tenement List)). MdhYk;> rpy fpuhkq;fspy; ,e;j tiuglk;

,Jtiu jahupf;fg;gltpy;iy.


1.2 mur fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp vd;gtw;iw

vt;thW gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tJ?

NkNy tpsf;fpajd; mbg;gilapy; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp kw;Wk;

jdpahH fhzp vd;gtw;iw gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F epy

msitahsH jpizf;fsj;jpd; tiuglj;jpid gad;gLj;jyhk;.

tiuglj;jpd; Clhf fhzp murhq;fj;jpdjh> jdpahUilajh

vd;gjid khj;jpuNk mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. fhzp cupikahsH

ahH vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F rk;ge;jg;gl;l fhzp cWjp

/ mDkjp gj;jpuj;jpid gupNrhjpj;J fz;lwpayhk;.

jdpahH fhzpahapd; mjd; nghUl;L nehj;jhup]pdhy;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzp cWjp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j fhzp

cWjp cz;ikahdjh vd;gjid 30 tUlq;fSf;fhd fhzpapd;

Fbtop gjpTfis (Pedigree) Muha;tjd; %yk; fz;lwpayhk;.

mjd; nghUl;L jFjp tha;e;j nehj;jhup]; my;yJ rl;lj;juzpapd;

cjtp mtrpakhFk;. mjw;fhd rl;luPjpahd Mtzq;fs; fhzp

cupikahsuplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;>mJ khtl;l fhzp

gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.


ve;jnthU egUk; gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; fhzp cWjpapd; tk;r

gjpTfis gupNrhjpj;Jg; ghHf;f KbAk;. jk;kplk; cs;s fhzp

rk;ge;jg;gl;l Mtzq;fis gad;gLj;jpNa mjid Kd;ndLf;f

KbAk;. cupikahsH my;yhj re;jHg;gj;jpy;> rl;lj;juzp my;yJ

nehj;jhup]; xUtupd; cjtp mtrpakhFk;. tk;r gjpTfspd;

gpujpfSf;fhf khtl;l gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; Kj;jpiu

fl;lzj;ij toq;f Ntz;Lk;. mjid NjLtjw;F ,yFthf

,Ug;gpd; xNu ehspy; G+Hj;jp nra;ayhk;. jk;kplk; cs;s fhzp

cWjpapd; efy;gpujpiaAk; gjpthsH jpizf;fsj;jpy; Kj;jpiu

fl;lzk; nrYj;jp ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.

1.3 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp

murhq;f fhzpia gy gFjpfshf gpupf;f KbAk;.

1. gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzp

2. gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzp

gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzp vd;why; vd;d vd;gjid Kjypy;

ghHg;Nghk;. NtW tpNrl nraw;ghLfSf;fhf xJf;f Kbahj

gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFjpahd fhzpfNs ,t;thW miof;fg;gLk;.

,it gpuNjr nrayhsupd; nghWg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; (,it Kd;dH

MSeupd; fhzp vd miof;fg;gl;lJ). ,t;thW gfpHe;jspf;ff;

$ba fhzpfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld.

gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzpfs; rpwpa mstpNyNa vQ;rpAs;sd.

murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; ,e;j fhzpfis gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba

gy epWtdq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; fhzp MizahsH ehafk;>

khfhz fhzp MizahsH> gpuNjr nrayhsH> tPlikg;G

mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> ,yq;if

kfhtyp mjpfhu rig> fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig

Nghd;wit cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

Mdhy;> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs;

midj;Jk; fhzp gfpuy; rl;ljpl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapNyNa>

fhzp gfpHjiy Kd;ndLg;gH. mjw;F ntspNa> jd;dpr;irahf

fhzp gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F vtUf;Fk; mjpfhuk; fpilahJ.


1.4 nghJ fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;

nghJf; fhzpfs; vd;gJ nghJ kf;fspd; eyd; fUjp

xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fshFk;. ,tw;iw rl;ltpNuhjkhf ifg;gw;wy;

my;yJ jdpahH Njitf;F gad;gLj;jy; vd;gd r%fj;jpw;F

tpNuhjkhd nraw;ghlhFk;. mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; mjw;F

vjpHg;G njuptpg;gJ [dehaff; flikahFk;.

Fwpg;gpl;l tiuglq;fis gupNrhjpj;J> fhzp Fwpj;J eltbf;if

vLf;Fk; mjpfhupfis (rdj;njhif fzf;nfLg;G mjpfhup>

fpuhk NrtfH) Ma;e;J> Fwpj;j fhzp nghJf; fhzpah vd;gjid

mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

nghJf; fhzpfis ghJfhg;gjw;F ePq;fs; mspf;ff; $ba

gq;fspg;G:

1. rl;ltpNuhj Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfsplk; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;F

nraw;gly;.

2. rl;ltpNuhj Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfis gpbg;gjw;F my;yJ

,aYkhapd; mtHfis mfw;Wtjw;F murhq;f

mjpfhupfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fy;.

3. nghJf; fhzpia ghJfhg;gjw;F murhq;f mjpfhupfSf;F

xj;Jiog;G toq;fy;.

1.5 gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzpfs; vd;git vit?

gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzpfs; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgit>

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fshFk;. mjhtJ ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba>

kdpjHfspd;> jdpegHfspd; ghtidf;F toq;f Kbahj my;yJ

toq;ff; $lhj ,lq;fshFk;.


gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ,lq;fs;

gpd;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;:

1. td tpyq;F ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; (mghafukhd gFjp /tdtpyq;F ruzhyak;)

2. tdg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsj;jpw;F cupj;jhd ,lq;fs;

(tdg;gFjp)

3. mfo;thuha;r;rp gFjpfs; / topghl;L jyq;fs;4. tbfhyikg;G ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ePH ghrdk; (MW> mUtp>

ePH tPo;r;rp> Fsk;)

5. neLQ;rhiyfs; kw;Wk; jz;lthsq;fs;

6. fiuNahu kw;Wk; JiwKfk;

7. ,aw;if tsq;fs; (Fj;Jr; rha;Tldhd fhzp)

8. nghJf; fhzpfs; (nfhy;iyg; Gwk; /tpisahl;L ikjhdk; / kahdk; / neUg;G rpW Jis / fhw;W rpW Jis)


2.nghJ kf;fSf;F kw;Wk;

epWtdq;fSf;F fhzpfis

gfpHe;jspg;gjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s

rl;lq;fs; vit?

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfis nghJ kf;fSf;F my;yJ

epWtdj;jpw;F rl;luPjpahf toq;Ftjw;F mjpfhuk; toq;Fk; gy

rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.

1. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lk; (L.D.O)2. mur fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk; (C.L.O)3. fhzpr; (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lk;.

4. fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig rl;lk;.

5. Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig rl;lk;.

6. efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig rl;lk;

7. khfhz fhzp epajpr; rl;lk;.

,e;j xt;nthU rl;l Vw;ghLfs;> cj;juTfs; kw;Wk;

tpjpKiwfspy; me;je;j epWtdq;fs; nghJkf;fSf;F fhzpapid

toq;Ftjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; njspthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mjdbg;gilapy;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l fl;lisr; rl;lq;fspy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Vw;ghLfSf;F mikaNt me;je;j fhzpfs;

epHtfpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

2.1 murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; nghJf; fhzpfis

epHtfpf;Fk; gy epWtdq;fs; cs;sd. mit

gpd;tUkhW:

1. *fhzp MizahsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk; / khfhz

fhzp MizahsH jpizf;fsk;

2. *gpuNjr nrayfk; 3. *kfhtyp mjpfhu rig


4. *fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig

5. *Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig

6. *efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig

7. td tpyq;F ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk;

8. tdg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk;

9. mfo;thuha;r;rp jpizf;fsk;

10. fhzp tpLg;G mspj;jy; jpizf;fsk;

11. fiuNahu ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk;

12. uapy;Nt jpizf;fsk;

13. ePHg;ghrd jpizf;fsk;

14. neLQ;rhiyfs; jpizf;fsk;

15. Kg;gilfs;

16. ,yq;if JiwKf mjpfhu rig

17. ,yq;if KjyPl;Lr; rig

,tw;wpy; kf;fSf;fhf fhzpia gfpHe;J toq;ff; $ba mjpfhuk;

nfhz;litahf el;rj;jpu FwpaPL toq;fg;gl;l jpizf;fsq;fs;

cs;sd. Vida epWtdq;fSf;F jk;trk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l

fhzpfis guhkupg;gjw;fhd mjpfhuk; khj;jpuNk cs;sJ.

2.2 jdpegUf;F> epWtdj;jpw;F fhzp ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fk;

1. trpg;gjw;F

2. gapHr;nra;iff;F

3. tHj;jf eltbf;iffSf;F

4. njhopy; eltbf;iffSf;F

5. nghJ eltbf;iffSf;F

6. kj eltbf;iffSf;F

7. ghupa mstpyhd nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F

8. KjyPl;L rigapd; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F

(jdpegUf;F Nky; Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fj;jpw;F xU gFjp fhzp

toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> NtW Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; kw;WnkhU

fhzpg; gFjpf;F tpz;zg;gpf;f KbAk;).


2.3 murhq;f fhzpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ,Uf;f

Ntz;ba jFjpfs; vit vdg; ghHg;Nghk;

1. trpg;gjw;F my;yJ gapHr;nra;iff;F jk;kplk; fhzp

,y;yhjtHfs;. trpg;gjw;fhapd; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia

xU Kiw khj;jpuNk ngw KbAk;.

2. ,jw;F Kd;dH murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J fhzpiag;

ngwhjtHfs;

3. ePq;fs; jpUkzk; Gupe;jpUg;gpd;> cq;fSf;F gps;isfs;

,Ug;gpd; fhzp fr;Nrupapy; gjpT nra;J fhzpg; gFjpia

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F tpNrl jFjpiag; ngWtPHfs;.

2.4 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ

vt;thW?

murhq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fhzpnahd;iw cq;fSilajhf;fpf;

nfhs;tjw;F tpUk;GtPHfshapd;> Kjyhtjhf gpuNjr nrayfk;

my;yJ mjpfhupfSf;F tpz;zg;gj;jpid ifaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpuNjr nrayhsH Fwpj;j tpz;zg;gjhupia gjpT nra;jjd;


gpd;dH> fr;Nrupf;F Mw;Wg;gLj;JthH. vdpDk;> ,jd; nghUl;L

gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFjpahd ,lk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw>

vq;fhtJ fhzp gfpHe;jspg;gJ Fwpj;J mwpe;J nfhz;lhy;>

mjw;Fk; tpz;zg;gj;jpid rkHg;gpf;fyhk;.

Kd;dnuy;yhk; kf;fs; mUfpy; cs;s ntw;wplq;fis jk; trk;

ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;thHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH mjpfhupfSf;Fr; nrhy;yp

mjw;F Vw;whw; Nghy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;.

,d;W mt;thwhd ntw;wplj;ij fz;L gpbg;gJ vd;gJ

,yFthdJ my;y. kpfTk; tuz;l gpuNjrq;fspNyNa jw;NghJ

mt;thwhd ntw;W epyq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mg;gFjpfspy;

nghJ trjpfs; vJTk; ,d;ikahy;> nghJkf;fSf;F me;j

,lq;fspy; ehl;lk; ,y;iy. nghJ trjpfs; Nghjpastpy; cs;s

gpuNjrq;fspy; mj;jpahtrpa ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; gFjpnahd;W

,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> ,jid ifg;gw;WgtHfs; rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy;

nry;tjw;F NeHe;jJ. vdNt> ePq;fs; rl;luPjpahf ,lnkhd;iw

ngw Ntz;Lkhapd; ntw;wplk; cs;s gpuNjr nrayfg; gFjpia

milahsk; fz;L> mjw;fhd tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuk; xd;wpid

jahupj;J gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;tUk;

tifapy; ,e;j eilKiwia gpuNjr nrayhsH Kd;ndLg;ghH:

1. cq;fSila tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpid nghWg;ngLg;ghH

2. fpuhk NrtHfs; my;yJ fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l MNyhrfupdhy;

guprPyid Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

3. Muk;g fhzp guprPyidf;F cq;fis miog;gH

4. Muk;g fhzp guprPyidapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltHfs;>

fhzp MizahsH ehafk; my;yJ khfhz fhzp

Mizahsuplk; mDg;gp mDkjp ngw;Wf; nfhz;L fhzp

fr;Nrup xd;iw elj;JtH.

5. fhzp fr;Nrupapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gl;bay; fhl;rpf;F

itf;fg;gLk;.

6. vjpHg;G kw;Wk; Nkd;KiwaPl;bid tprhuiz nra;J

,Wjpg; gl;baiy fhl;rpg;gLj;JtH.

7. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;FtH.


,e;j tifapy; tptrhag; gpuptpdUf;F my;yJ mjpf tUkhdk;

ngWgtHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fhzpapd; msT gpd;tUkhW:

• trpg;gjw;F 20 NgHr;r];

• tptrhaj;jpw;Fk;> trpg;gjw;Fk; miu Vf;fH (80 NgHr;r];)

• tUlhe;j ngUk;Nghfr; nra;iff;F xU Vf;fH

• ePHg;ghrd trjpAldhd tptrha epyj;jpw;F 1 ½ Vf;fH

2.5 fhzpf; fr;Nrup vd;why; vd;d?

fhzpf; fr;Nrup vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtJ> murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia

gfpHe;jspg;gjw;fhf elj;jg;gLk; gfpuq;f tprhuizahFk;.

fhzpf; fr;Nrupapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltHfspd; ngaH tpguk;>

Kd;nkhopjy; kw;Wk; vjpHg;G njuptpj;jYf;fhf gfpuq;f ,lj;jpy;

mwptpj;jyhf ntspaplg;gLk;.

,e;j mwptpj;jiy Ma;T nra;J> jFjpaw;wtHfs; njupT

nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd; mjw;fhd vjpHg;gpid fbjk; my;yJ jk;kplk;

midj;J jFjpfSk; ,Ue;Jk; njupT nra;ag;glhik Fwpj;j

Nkd;KiwaPl;bid rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd; gpd;dH Nkd;

KiwaPLk;> vjpHg;G mwpf;ifAk; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L ,Wjpapy;

njupT nra;ag;gl;l ngaH tpguq;fs; kPz;Lk; gfpuq;fkhf

mwptpj;jy; nra;ag;gLk;. me;j gl;baypy; ,Uf;Fk; egHfSf;F

gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;.


2.6 fhzpf; fr;Nrup nraw;gLjy;

1. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l mbg;gil trjpfSila egHfs;>

jkJ jfty; mlq;fpa tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw

jahupj;J> gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; xg;gilj;J jk;ik gjpT

nra;J nfhs;tJ rl;l nraw;ghlhFk;. ,e;j gjpT nra;jy;

mz;ikapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU eilKiwahFk;.

2. gpuNjr nrayhsuhy; elj;jg;gLk; fhzp fr;Nrupf;F

r%fkspg;gJ cq;fSila nghWg;ghFk;.

3. fhzpf; fr;Nrupapd; Clhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l egHfspd;

ngaHfs; mlq;fpa Muk;g njupT gl;bay;> gpuNjr

nrayhsupdhy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. njupT nra;ag;gl;l

egHfSf;fhf kWg;G my;yJ Nkd;KiwaPL ,Ug;gpd;

14 ehl;fSf;Fs; fhzp MizahsH my;yJ fhzp

MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F Kd;itf;f KbAk;.

4. mjd; gpd;dH kWg;G Fwpj;j guprPyid elj;jg;gl;L ,Wjp

njupT gl;bay; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. njupT gl;baYf;fhf

egHfsplk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk;)

toq;fg;gLk;.


3. murpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk;

(mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjp)

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf gytpjq;fspy; rl;luPjpahd Mtzq;fs;

toq;fg;gLk;.

mit gpd;tUkhW:

1. KjyhtJ tUlhe;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; (murhq;fj;jpd;

fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk;)

2. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; (fh. m. f.

mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; (L D O mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;))

tUlhe;j mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; vdg;gLtJ xU tUlj;jpw;F khj;jpuk;

toq;fg;gLk; mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpukhFk;. murhq;f fhzpfSf;fhd

fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,J toq;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf epue;jukhd

cWjpnahd;iw NfhUtjw;F cupik ,y;iy. epue;jukhf cupik

toq;fg;gl Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fspNyNa ,t;thwhd tUlhe;j

mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


,it jw;fhypf Mtzq;fshf ,Ug;gJld;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy;

tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; kPwg;gLkhapd;> mDkjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsUf;F Kd;$l;bNa mwptpg;gjd; Clhf

mjid ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;. ,e;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy;

gpuNjr nrayhsH ifnahg;gkpl;bUg;ghH. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd;

efy; gpujp kw;Wk; gjpNtl;L gpujp vd;gd gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy;

itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. kfhtyp mjpfhuj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy;

cs;s fhzpfSf;fhd mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis tjptpl tpahghu

KfhikahsH toq;FthH. mNjNtis> ,e;j Mtzq;fspd;

efy; gpujpfs; tya mYtyfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhd epge;jidfis G+Hj;jp nra;jjd;

gpd;dH> murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ed;nfhil cWjp

(nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;) ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupik> me;j

mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis itj;jpUg;gtHfs;/cupikahsHfSf;F

fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j cWjpia toq;Fk; NghJ> fhzpf;F vy;iyf;

fw;fs; itj;J> vy;iy tFf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mDkjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpy; jkf;F gpd;dH cupj;JilatHfspd; ngaiu Fwpg;gpl

KbAk;.

3.1 gpk;rtpa epfo;r;rp

cq;fsplk; cs;s ve;jnthU ,lj;jpdJk; cupikia tYg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;tJ ,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; Clhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; rhd;wpjohf

fUjg;gLk;.

cupikr; rhd;wpjo; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; cq;fsplk;

fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

• Rje;jpu cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

• RtHzG+kp / [aG+kp / ,RU G+kp / ud;gpk cWjpg; gj;jpuk;


gpk;rtpa epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; cq;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; gyd;fs;:

1. ePq;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; ,lj;jpd; mstply; eltbf;ifia

Kd;ndLj;J> tiuglk; jahupj;jy;.

2. fhzpf;F cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fy;

3. ePq;fs; tptrhapahapd; tpiutpy; cq;fSf;F cWjpg;

gj;jpuk; toq;fy;

4. cq;fsplk; cs;s epyj;jpw;F gpur;rpid ,Ug;gpd;> mjw;F

jPHT fhzy;

5. cq;fSf;F cupikr; rhd;wpjo; fpilj;jy;.

cupikr; rhd;wpjo; %yk; fpilf;Fk; gad;fs;:

1. gpur;rpidfs; mw;w fhzpahf khwy;

2. kw;nwhU egUf;F khw;Wjiy ,yFthf nra;af; $bajhf

,Uj;jy;

3. tq;fpapdhy; ,yFthf fld; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $baik

4. ,yq;ifapd; ve;jnthU fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpYk;>

cq;fSila fhzp njhlHgpy; jfty; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

tifapyhd re;jHg;gk; fpilf;fpd;wik

5. KiwNflhd tifapy; cq;fSila fhzpf;F Nghyp

gj;jpuk; jahupf;f ,ayhik.

3.2 mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;

fhzp cWjpia) ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW?

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba epge;jidfis cq;fshy;

epiwNtw;w KbAkhapd;> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjpia

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; tpz;zg;gpf;f

KbAk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; gpuNjr nrayhsH> khtl;l

epy msit mj;jpal;rfUf;F> mjw;fhd cj;juit gzpj;J>

fhzpia mstpl;L vy;iyf; fy; mikg;gjw;F eltbf;if

vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F epy msitahsH

mj;jpal;rfupd; epy msit tiuglk; fpilj;jjd; gpd;dH>

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij jahupf;f KbAk;.


3.3 fhzp cWjpg;gj;jpuk;

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd;

fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; my;yJ fhzp gpujhd (tpNrl

Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,J toq;fg;gLk;.

fhzp cWjpg;gj;jpuk;; vd;gJ [dhjpgjpapdhy; gpui[ xUtUf;F

toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpukhFk;. Muk;gj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;jtHfSf;F

khj;jpuNk fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

cWjpg;gj;jpuk;; toq;fg;gLk;. ,e;j cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid

toq;Ftjw;F Kjypy; msitapayhsupd; tiuglj;jpid

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Fwpj;j ,lj;jpid mstpl;L vy;iyf;

fw;fs; itf;fg;gl;l tiuglkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ fhzp

tiuglj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. tiuglj;jpd; gpufhuk;

fhzpapd; vy;iy kw;Wk; msT vd;gd Jiz Mjhuq;fshf

tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. (rpy fhyj;jpw;F Kd;dH toq;fg;gl;l

gy [aG+kp nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuq;fSf;F> md;W fhzg;gl;l

rl;lj;jpw;F mika tiuglk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;). nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuj;jpy; rpy epge;jidfSk;> ,uz;L fhg;GWjp Vw;ghLfSk;

cs;slq;fpapUf;Fk;. ,e;j epge;jidfSf;F Vw;g fhzpia

kpfTk; rpwpa mstpy; gq;fplf; $ba msTk; Fwpg;glg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; [dhjpgjpapd; ifnahg;gj;jpd;

efy; ,lg;gl;L> rptg;G epwj;jpy; Kj;jpiu gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ngWk; egUf;Fg; gpd;dH>

mtuJ tho;f;if Jizf;F (kidtp / fztd;) fhzpapd;

cupik fpilf;Fk;. mJ tho;f;if cupik vd Fwpf;fg;gLk;.

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F ,e;j fhzpf;fhd mLj;j

cupikahsH ahH vd;gjid ngauplTk; KbAk;. ,t;thW mLj;j

cupikahsiu ngauplhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; tho;f;if Jizf;F

(fztd; my;yJ kidtp) tho;f;if cupikapd; gpd;dH> %j;j

Mz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupik cupj;jhFk;. gpuNjr nrayhsuplk;

ngw;w mDkjpapd; gpd;dH ,e;j fhzp cupik khw;wy; my;yJ

tpw;gid Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thW Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; cupik

khw;wy; fhzp gjpthsH mYtyj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. Kjw; gpujp jtwtplg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ mopTWk;

gl;rj;jpy; me;j mYtyfj;jpy; cWjp nra;ag;gl;l gpujpia


ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. cupikapy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gLk; vy;yh

re;jHg;gq;fspYk; mjid gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3.4 murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Vida rl;l

Mtzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

1. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjp (mur fhzpfs; fl;lisr;

rl;lk;)

2. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (gpujhd Mtzk; / fhzp cWjp) ,it

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk;.

(,it RtHz G+kp / [a G+kp / uj;d G+kp / ,RU

G+kp / ud;gpk vd fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; gy;NtW ngaHfspy; toq;fg;gLk;).

3. Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (mur fhzpfs; fl;lisr;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo;)

4. epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; (fhzp gpujhd tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo;)

5. cupikg; gj;jpuk; (cupik gjpT nra;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;)

6. r%f cWjp (tpfhiufSf;fhf murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp

fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;)

7. mDgtpj;jy; cj;juT (murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; khfhz cs;Suhl;rp epWtdq;fSf;fhf)

rupahd ghijapy; nrd;why;…

rptuhkd; fLk; rpf;fy; xd;iw vjpHNehf;fpAs;shH.

tq;fpapy; mlF itj;j fhzp %o;fg; Nghfpd;wJ.

mt;thW elf;Fkhapd;> jw;NghJ rptuhkDk; mtuJ

kidtp> gps;isfSk; trpf;Fk; tPLk; mtHfsJ

ifapy; ,Ue;J eOtpg; NghFk;. thlif tPl;by;

trpf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd epidf;Fk; NghJ neQ;R

milg;gJ Nghy; ,Ug;gjhf rptuhkd; czUfpd;whH.

jhk; r%fj;jpy; thOk; Kiwf;F> ,j;jid

trjpAldhd tPl;bid tpl;Lr; nry;tJ> jkf;F

vt;thwhapDk;> jkJ gps;isfspdhy; xUNghJk;


jhq;fpf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gjid rptuhkd;

mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jhH.

rptuhkd; fle;j fhyj;ij epidj;Jg; ghHj;jhH.

jhk; ,e;j fhzpia tpiyf;F ngw;w tpjk;

Fwpj;Jk;> mjw;fhd fhzp cWjpia ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;F gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F nrd;w tpjk;

Fwpj;Jk; mtUf;F epidTf;F te;jJ. gpuNjrj;jpy;

midtuhYk; ed;F mwpag;gl;ltuhd rptuhkd;>

gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w NghJ> mq;Fs;stHfs;

jkJ Njitia cldbahf nra;J jUtjw;F

vLj;j Kaw;rp epidTf;F te;jJ. murhq;fj;jpd;

Cjpak; ngWk;> nghUshjhu uPjpahf tYthd

epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; jkf;F mjpfhupfs; xd;wpize;J

[aG+kp fhzp cWjpia jahupj;J nfhLj;jikAk;

epidTf;F te;jJ. jkJ tUkhdj;jpw;F mika

me;j fhzp cWjpiag; ngWtjw;F mtUf;F jFjp

,y;iy vd;gJk;> [aG+kp fhzp cWjp tUkhdk;

Fiwe;jtHfSf;F toq;fg;gLtJ vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk;>

mtH mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mjpfhupfSk; mtUf;F

njspT gLj;jtpy;iy. vdpDk;> jkJ jFjpf;F

mika murhq;f fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd;

fPo; fhzp ngWtjw;F mjpf fhyk; nry;Yk;

vdj; njuptpj;jikapdhy;> tup nrYj;JkhW

njuptpj;jikapdhy; [aG+kp fhzpiag; ngWtjw;F

jhk; tpUg;gk; njuptpj;jikAk; jpiug;glk; Nghy;

mtuJ fz; Kd;dhy; tpupe;jJ.

vdpDk;> jw;NghJ rptuhkd; vjpHNehf;fpAs;s

gpur;rpidia vt;thW jPHg;gJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J

Fog;gkile;Js;shH. MNyhrid ngWtjw;Fk;>

jkf;F fhzp cWjpia jahupj;J je;j mjpfhupfs;

gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; flikapy; ,y;iy. [aG+kp

fhzp cWjp fpilj;jTld;> mjid tq;fpapy;

mlF itj;J> Fwpj;j fhzpapy; ghupa tPnlhd;iw

fl;bdhH. mjpy; xU gFjpapy; trpj;j mNj


re;jHg;gj;jpy;> Rw;Wyh tpLjpnahd;whf kw;iwa

gFjpia gad;gLj;jp te;jhH. vdpDk;> ePbj;j Aj;j

#o;epiyapdhy; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUif

Fiwtila fld; jtizia nrYj;j KbahJ

NghdikAk;> mjidj; njhlHe;J fhzpia tpw;gid

nra;tjw;F tq;fp mwptpj;jy; tpLj;jikAk; mtuJ

epidtpw;F te;jJ.

tq;fpapy; jhk; ngw;w fld; njhifia tpl>

fhzpapd; ngWkjp mjpfk; vd;gjdhy;> ,lj;ij

thq;Ftjw;F gyH Kd;te;j NghjpYk;> mJ

[aG+kp fhzpahf ,Ug;gjdhy;> gpd;thq;fpr;

nrd;W tpl;ldH. vdpDk;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jiff;F

fhzpnahd;wpidg; ngw;wpUe;jhy;> tpUk;gpa

re;jHg;gj;jpy; me;j cupikia NtnwhUtUf;F

vOjpf; nfhLg;gjd; %yk;> jdJ gpur;rpidia

,yFthf jPHj;J> fpilj;j gzj;jpy; Ntwplj;jpy;

rpwpa fhzpia thq;fpapUf;fyhk; vd ,g;nghONj

mtUf;Fg; Gupfpd;wJ.

Mdhy;> jw;NghJ tq;fpapdhy; fhzp tpw;gid

nra;ag;gl;L> fld;fs; milf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH

vQ;rpAs;s gzj;ij ngWtJ khj;jpuNk xNu

topahFk;. vdpDk;> me;j gzk; iff;F tUtjw;F

vj;jid ehshFNkh vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; rptuhkd;

ftiyaile;Js;shH.

3.5 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

ahUf;F toq;fg;gLk;?

ve;jnthU egUk; my;yJ epWtdKk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

KbAk;. mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfs;> eLj;ju tHf;fj;jpdH>

murhq;f CopaHfSf;F ,e;j Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mt;thNw> efug; gFjpf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;


murhq;fj;jpd; ve;jnthU ,lj;jpw;Fk; ePz;l fhy Fj;jifNa

toq;fg;gl KbAk;. ,e;j cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;glf; $ba

Njitfs;:

• jq;Fkpl tpLjpfSf;F

• tHj;jf ,lq;fSf;F

• njhopy; ,lq;fSf;F

• tptrhaj; njhopy; ,lq;fSf;F

• mikg;G ,lq;fSf;F

• NtW epWtdq;fSf;F

3.6 ePz;lfhy Fj;jifjhuHfis vt;thW

milahsk; fhz;gJ?

1. ,J murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;> Fj;jif ngWgtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

cld;gbf;ifahFk;.

2. Fj;jif ngWgtH gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba gy epge;jidfs;

,jpy; cs;sd.

3. toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba jpdk; kw;Wk; Fj;jif njhif

vd;gd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;

4. epy msitahsupdhy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l tiuglKk;>

cWjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

5. epy msitahsH ehafj;jpdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l epy

tiuglj;jpy; fhzpapd; vy;iyfs; kw;Wk; msT vd;gd

Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

6. nghJthf Fj;jif 30 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

(Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; Fj;jif fhyk; NtWgLtJld;>

Ke;ija fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tUlj;jpw;fhd Fj;jif

,jd; fPNo toq;fg;gLk;).

7. ,J ,U jug;gpdUf;F ,ilapyhd cld;gbf;ifahf

,Ug;gJld;> Fj;jif ngWgtupd; kw;Wk; [dhjpgjpapd;

ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mj;Jld;> Kjw;gpujpapy;

rptg;G epwj;jpy; murhq;f Kj;jpiu (Embossed Seal) gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

8. ,e;j Fj;jif cWjp gj;jpuj;jpid gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy;

gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.


3.7 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vdg;gLtJ vd;d?

jq;Fkpl eltbf;iff;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ePz;lfhy Fj;jif

cWjp gj;jpuj;jpw;Nf Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;.

NtW eltbf;iffSf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ePz;l fhy Fj;jif

cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl

khl;lhJ.

1. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; [dhjpgjpapd; gzpg;gpd; Ngupy;>

NtW NjitfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpfSf;F Rje;jpu

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;glyhk;. vdpDk;> mt;thwhd

re;jHg;gq;fs; kpf mupJ.

2. ,e;j Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; ve;jnthU

epge;jidfSk; cs;slq;fhJ. fhzpia ngWgtH ehl;bd;

ePjpfSf;F Vw;wthW fhzpia gad;gLj;j KbAk;.

3. ,jd; fPo; fhzpapd; cupikia khw;wy;> gq;fply;> mlF

itj;jy; vd;gd ,aYk;.

4. msitahsupdhy; toq;fg;gl;l ‘O’ tpsf;fg;glk; (Outright Diagram) nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

5. [dhjpgjpapd; efy; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;L> rptg;G epwj;jpy;

murhq;f Kj;jpiu gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

6. ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid fhzp gjpthsH

mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,jidj; jtpu murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu

rig my;yJ efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig (fhzpfis nghJ

kf;fSf;F gfpHe;jspg;gjw;fhf) Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd;

Clhf cupikia ifaspf;f KbAk;. mt;thW toq;fpajd;

gpd;dH me;j epWtdq;fs; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf

mjd; fhzpg; gFjpfis nghJkf;fSf;F toq;f KbAk;.


3.8 nghJ eltbf;iffSf;fhf toq;fg;gLk;

fhzpfSf;fhd Mtzk;

tpfhiufs; / kj epWtdq;fs; / nghJr; rq;fq;fs; my;yJ

mikg;Gf;fSf;fhf fhzp ngwy;.

gy;NtW nghJ eltbf;iffSf;fhf fhzp ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

Njit cs;s epiyapy; mjd; nghUl;L gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba

eilKiwfs; cs;sd. Kjyhtjhf> mjd; nghUl;L jFjpahd

fhzpg; gFjpnahd;iw milahsk; fhz Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd

mikg;G my;yJ epWtdj;jpd; tpz;zg;gj;jpid gpuNjr

nrayfk; my;yJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfSf;F mDg;gp

itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsH> Fwpj;j fhzpia

ed;whf gupNrhjid nra;J> Nfhug;gl;Ls;s fhuzj;jpw;F

me;j fhzp nghUj;jkhdjh vd;gjid murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp

fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; mwtplf; $ba Fj;jif njhifia

(rpwpastpyhd Fj;jif njhif) khj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L

ePz;l fhy Fj;jiff;F toq;Ftjw;fhd mDkjpia> nfsut

mikr;rpd; Clhf toq;Ftjw;F eltbf;if vLg;ghH.

3.9 fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rigaplk; cs;s

fhzp (L.R.C. fhzp)

fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO rigapd; trk; cs;s fhzp

murhq;fj;jpd; ,lky;y. gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFe;j ,lq;fis

milahsk; fz;L mit murhq;fj;jpd; ,lq;fshf

mwptpf;fg;gLk;.

fPNo Fwpg;gpl;l trjpfis toq;Fk; egHfsplk; ,e;j fhzp

ve;jtpjkhd mwtPLk; ,d;wp toq;fg;gLk;.

1. ,yq;if gpui[ahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

2. fhzp ,y;yhj egHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

3. 18 tajpid G+Hj;jp nra;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

4. fhzp mike;Js;s fpuhk NrtfH gpuptpy; Fiwe;jgl;rk;

VO tUlq;fs; njhlHr;rpahf epue;ju gjptpid

Nkw;nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;

5. Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWgtHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.


3.10 epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; Clhf fhzp ngw;w

cq;fSila nghWg;Gf;fSk;> flikfSk;

• NkjF [dhjpgjpapdhy; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;L cq;fSf;F

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kpfTk;

ngWkjp kpf;f Mtzkhf ,Ug;gJld;> mjid ghJfhf;f

Ntz;baJ cq;fSila gpujhd nghWg;ghFk;.

• cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid

ed;F thrpj;J Gupe;J nfhs;sy;.

• cq;fSila ngaH my;yJ fhzpapd; vy;iy my;yJ

mstpy; NtWghL ,Ug;gpd; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid>

gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; toq;fp jpUj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.

• cq;fSf;F fpilj;Js;s ,lj;jpid ed;F mgptpUj;jp

nra;jy;.

• cq;fSila fhzpf;fhf mLj;j cupikahsuhf

xUtH my;yJ gyiu ePq;fs; ngaupl KbAk;. Mdhy;>

cq;fSila fztH/kidtp my;yJ ,uj;j cwTfis

khj;jpuNk ePq;fs; ngaupl KbAk;.

• cq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH cq;fSila fhzpapd; KOikahd

cupikAk; cq;fSila fztH/kidtpf;Fr; nry;Yk;.

• fztd;/kidtpf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzpapd; cupik cq;fshy;

ngauplg;gLk; mLj;j cupikahsUf;F my;yJ

cupikahsHfSf;F cupj;jhFk;.

• ePq;fs; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpg;gplhtpl;lhy;>

fztd;/kidtpf;Fg; gpd;dH cq;fSila %j;j

Mz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupj;jhFk;. Mz; gps;is

,y;iynad;why; %j;j ngz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupj;jhFk;.

,uj;j cwTs;s xUtUf;F ,e;j fhzpia cupik khw;w

Ntz;Lkhapd;>gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf khfhz fhzp

MizahsH / fhzp MizahsH ehafk; Kd;dpiyapy;

rkHg;gpj;J mDkjp ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.


4.mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf kw;Wk;

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; Clhf

fpilj;j fhzpia mgptpUj;jp

nra;jy;

murhq;fj;jhy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tJ>

mjidg; ngWgtuhy; fl;lhak; nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;.

mt;thW mgptpUj;jp nra;ahjtplj;;J> me;j fhzpf;fhd

cupkj;ij gpuNjr nrayhsH ,uj;Jr; nra;ayhk;.

gapHr;nra;iff;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lkhapd;> mjpy; epue;ju gapH

kw;Wk; FWfpa fhy gapHfis tpijj;J> mjd; nraw;ghLfis

rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nrw;W epykhapd; mtw;iw tskhd

epykhf khw;Wtjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;bUf;f

Ntz;Lk;.


tjptjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lkhapd;> mjpy; tPL> kyry $lk;>

fpzW Nghd;wd epHkhzpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. njhopy;

my;yJ tpahghuj;jpw;fhf toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;> mq;F njhopy;

my;yJ tpahghuk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tjptjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; jdpahd tPLfs; rpy

mikg;gjhapd;> mjd; nghUl;L Fwpj;j fhzp gFjpfshf

gpupf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf msit jpl;lkply;> Fwpj;j

khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

mjd;gpd;dH> epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;ll jpl;lkplYk; Fwpj;j

khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fspdhy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. mDkjp toq;fg;glhJ epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;llq;fis

mfw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; khfhz cs;@uhl;rp mikg;Gf;fSf;F

cs;sJ. gpd;dH> mfw;wg;gLk; fl;llk; Fwpj;J mDkjp ngw

Kaw;rpg;gjw;F> mghuhjj; njhif mwtplg;gLk;.

rpy khfhz cs;@uhl;rp mikg;Gf;fspy; tupg;gz vy;iyf;F

ntspNa mike;Js;s gpuNjrq;fspy; epHkhzpf;fg;gLk;

fl;llq;fSf;F fl;ll epHkhzj; jpl;lkply; mDkjp

toq;fg;glkhl;lhJ.

4.1 murhq;f fhzpnahd;whapd; cq;fSila

nghWg;Gf;fSk;> flikfSk;

1. fhzpia ed;F mgptpUj;jp nra;J ehl;bd; cw;gj;jpf;F

gq;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. fhzpapd; eyid ghJfhg;gjw;fhf rpwe;j cu tiffis

gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. fhzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; epyj;jpw;F eyd; tpistpf;ff;

$ba capupdq;fspd; mopTf;F fhuzkhd jP itj;jy;

jtpHf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

4. mjpfsthd fpUkpehrpdpfs;> fisehrpdpfs; kw;Wk;

,urhad cuq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjid jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5. Rw;Wr; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epyj;jpid

gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

6. Ntyp vy;iyf; fw;fs; kw;Wk; vy;iyf; fw;fis ed;F

guhkupf;f Ntz;Lk;.


7. ePq;fs; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tjptjw;F

my;yJ gapHnra;tjw;F fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngWtjw;F

Kaw;rpg;gPHfshapd;> vy;iy msitahsupdhy; fy;

itj;J Gs;spaply; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW xU gpuNjrj;jpy;

vy;iy fy; itj;J jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglk; ,Wjpahd

fpuhk tiuglkhFk;. fy; gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzpapy; rpy

re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,aw;if fhuzq;fshy; fy; fod;W Nghjy;

kw;Wk; jd;dpr;irahf cile;J Nghjy; vd;gtw;iw

mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy;

kPz;Lk; vy;iy milahsq;fis mikj;J jUkhW

gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; Nfhupf;if tpLf;fyhk;. ,jd;

nghUl;L nraw;gLgtHfs; fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; vd

miof;fg;gLtH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,e;j eltbf;if

murhq;f msitahsHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. Jupjkhf

ePq;fs; ,e;j eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lkhapd;>

gpuNjr nrayhsupd; mDkjpAld;> jdpahH msitahsiu

gad;gLj;jp> fl;lzk; nrYj;jp Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;.

4.2 cq;fs; trk; cs;s fhzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; kuq;fis

gad;gLj;j KbAkh?

cq;fs; trk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;Jld;

fhzpapy; cq;fshy; gapHnra;ag;gl;l kuk; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifj;

jhtuq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd re;jHg;gq;fs; cs;sd. Mdhy;>

,e;j eltbf;ifia ngUk;ghYk; vr;rupf;ifAld; Kd;ndLf;f

Ntz;Lk;.mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ,y;yhj

fhzpfspy; fhl;L kuq;fis xUNghJk; mfw;w KbahJ.

kuq;fis mfw;Wtjhapd;> Kjyhtjhf fpuhk NrtfH Clhf

gpuNjr nrayhsupw;F Nfhupf;if Kd;itf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd;

gpd;dH gpuNjr nrayhsH my;yJ cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsH

Fwpj;j gFjpf;F tUif je;J Muha;e;J eltbf;if vLj;J> kuk;

ntl;LtJ njhlHghf mDkjp gj;jpuk; toq;Ftjw;F eltbf;if

vLg;ghH.,e;j mDkjpapd;wp kuj;ij ntl;b my;yJ mUfpy;

itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> tdg;ghJfhg;G mjpfhup / fpuhk mjpfhup

my;yJ Fbrd mjpfhup my;yJ nghyp]hH te;J> cq;fsplk;


cs;s kuq;fis ifg;gw;WtJld;> cq;fis ifJ nra;a

KbAk;. ePq;fs; ,t;thW cq;fs; fhzpapy; ntl;L kuq;fis>

thfdj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhd jdpahd mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;

ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW kuj;ij fhzpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L

nry;tjw;fhd mDkjpaspg;gjw;F tUif jUk; mjpfhupapd;

gupe;Jiu fbjj;ij> gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jil nra;ag;gl;l tif kuq;fis fhzpaypUe;J ntspapy;

nfhz;L nry;tjw;F (fUq;fhyp> Njf;F> ghiy> Ntk;G Nghd;wd)

td mjpfhupfs;> gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; khtl;l td

mjpfhupfspd; (DFO) mDkjpiag; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.

4.3 murhq;f fhzp kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; fhzp tup

mwtply;

xU egUf;F murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpg; gFjpfis toq;Ftjpy; mjd;nghUl;lhd

tUlhe;j tup mwtply; ,lk;ngWk;. fhzp toq;fg;gLk; gpujhd

re;jHg;gj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf me;j fhzp njhlHgpy;

cj;Njr kjpg;gPL Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L> mjd; ngWkjpapd;; 4%

tUlhe;j fhzp tupahf mwtplg;gLk;.

vt;thwhapDk;> fhzpia Fj;jiff;F toq;FtJ nfsut fhzp

mikr;rupd; mDkjp toq;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> ,e;j fhzpia

Kiwahf kjpg;gPL nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; nghUl;L gpuNjr

nrayhsupdhy; kjpg;gPL elj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tUlk; kw;Wk;

fhzpapd; cWjpahd ngWkjp kw;Wk; tiugl gpujp vd;gd

khfhz kjpg;gPl;lhsUf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. mjd; gpd;dH

gpujhd kjpg;gPl;L mjpfhupfs; Fwpj;j fhzpf;F tUif je;J

kjpg;gPl;bd; NghJ Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fis

ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L fhzpapd; ngWkjpia gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F

Fwpg;gpl;L mDg;gp itg;gH. mjd; gpd;dH nfsut mikr;rupdhy;

mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;lthW tup njhif kw;Wk; mguhjj; njhif

my;yJ jtiz Kjy; ,Ug;gpd;> mjid Fj;jifjhuUf;F

gpuNjr nrayhsH mwptpg;ghH.


tup mwtpLtjpy; fhzp gad;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpw;F

Vw;g kjpg;gPl;L ngWkjpapd; mwtpLk; rjtPjk; NtWgLk;.

ntspg;gilahf jq;Fkpl eltbf;iff;fhf kjpg;gPL ngWkjpapd;

4% Mf mwtpl;lhYk;> Gz;zpa eltbf;iffSf;F kjpg;gPl;L

ngWkjpapd; ½% khj;jpuNk mwtplg;gLk;.

,J jtpu NtW gy;NtW eltbf;iffSf;F kjpg;gPL

jpizf;fsk; Clhf fhzpfSf;F my;yJ fl;llq;fSf;F

kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk; re;jHg;gq;fs; cs;sd. kjpg;gPl;L

jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; kjpg;gPL ngWtJ gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy;

Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; cj;jpNahfg;G+Ht gzpahf ,Ug;gJld;>

jdpahf murhq;f fhzpf;fhd kjpg;gPl;bid ngWtjw;F tha;g;G

,y;iy.

mt;thNw> me;j kjpg;gPL njhlHgpy; jpUg;jp milahjtH>

mJ Fwpj;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid gpujhd kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd

fhuzq;fSld; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,e;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid

gpuNjr nrayhsH ClhfNt Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;.

mjidj; jtpu gpuNjr nrayhsH ClhfTk; fhzp ngWkjp

kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; cs;sJ. ngWkjpia

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; NghJk;> rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;Fk; NghJk;

me;j nraw;ghL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. egHfspd; NtWgl;l

NjitfSf;fhf gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; nrhj;J kw;Wk; tUkhd

rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. tpNrlkhf> tUkhdj;jpid

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F> ePjpkd;wj;jpy; gpiz itg;gjw;Fk; nrhj;J

rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; fhzp

kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; NghJ> gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhzpapd;

msT> mjd; vy;iy fhzp Clhf Kd;ndLf;ff; $baJld;>

mgptpUj;jpapy;> fhzpf;fhd gpuNtr top> ePH> njhiyNgrp>

kpd;rhuk; Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfs; Fwpj;J mtjhdkhf

,Ue;Nj fhzp kjpg;gPL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.


4.4 fhzp njhlHgpy; toq;ff; $ba Fj;jif njhif

vd;d?

tUlhe;j Fj;jif njhif – tUlhe;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F tUlhe;jk; Fj;jif njhif toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F my;yJ fhzp mjpfhupfSf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg;gj;jpuj;jpw;fhd Fj;jif – midj;J ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhfTk;> tUlhe;jk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba Fj;jif njhif Fwpj;j Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jpdj;jpw;F Kd;dH> Fwpj;j Fj;jif njhifia gpuNjr nrayfk; / gpujp fhzp MizahsH mYtyfj;jpw;F nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; Fj;jif njhifia toq;ftpy;iynadpd;>

mguhjj; njhif nrYj;j NeupLk;.

• fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tptrha

tFg;G rhuhjtHfSf;F> nfhs;tdT tpiyia mwtpl;L

mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;Fjy; ,lk;ngWk;. ,jd; NghJ

kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk; fhzpapd; mjpfupf;fhj ngWkjp 10

jtizfspy; 10 tUlq;fspy; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

• mjidj; jtpu> fhzpf;fhd khfhz cs;@uhl;rp

rigfSf;F tupj;njhif Fj;jif njhif nrYj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. ngUk;ghyhNdhH> ,e;j tupj;njhif Fj;jif

kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpw;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba NkNy

Fwpg;gpl;l fhzp tupj; njhif vd;gtw;iw jtwhf Gupe;J

nfhs;tJz;L. ntspg;gilahf $Wtjhapd; tupgzk;

kw;Wk; fhzp tup vd;gd ,uz;L NtW tplaq;fshFk;.

• mt;thNw fhzp kw;Wk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptrha Nritj;

jpizf;fsj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba Vf;fH tup

vd;nwhU tplak; cs;sJ. mtw;iw tptrha fhzpfSf;Nf

toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid mwtply; tptrha gupNrhjid

kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp cjtpahsUk;> tptrha Nrit gpuNjr

mjpfhupAk; Kd;ndLg;gH.

• vt;thwhapDk;> ahH tupg; gzj;ij nrYj;jpdhYk;> mjid

mwtpLk; mjpfhupapdhy; mjw;fhd urPJ toq;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l rl;luPjpahd tupg; gzk; jtpu midj;J tupg;

gzKk; NtW ve;jnthU epWtdj;jpw;F my;yJ egUf;F toq;f

Ntz;ba Njit ,y;iy.


5.mDkjpg; gj;jpu gpujpnahd;iw

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;

mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;gJ> epue;ju cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd mbg;gil MtzkhFk;. rpy

re;jHg;gq;fspy; mYtyfq;fspd; ke;jfukhd nraw;ghLfspdhy;

,tw;wpd; gpujpfs; mYtyfj;jpy; ,y;yhjpUf;fTk; (ntF

mupjhf) rhj;jpaq;fs; cs;sd. vt;thwhapDk;> cq;fSf;F

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd;

fPNo Fwpg;gpl;l jfty;fs; cq;fsplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; efy; gpujp / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd;

,yf;fk; my;yJ toq;fg;gl;l jpfjp

2. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsupd; ngaH

3. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhzp mike;Js;s

fpuhkk;

4. ,lj;jpd; msT kw;Wk; ehd;F vy;iyfs;

5. njupAkhapd; #oTs;s fhzpapd; tpguq;fs;

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs; epidtpy; ,Uf;Fkhapd; mtw;iw

Fwpg;gpl;L fpuhk NrtfH / Fbrd mjpfhup Clhf gpuNjr

nrayhsUf;F fbjk; xd;iw rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd;

gpd;dH gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd fl;lzj;jpw;fhd

Kj;jpiufis gjpj;J rkHg;gpjd; %yk;> gpujpia ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s KbAk;.

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpiag; Nghd;Nw mjDld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l

gjpNtl;bd; gpujpAk; midj;J gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gp

itf;fg;gLk;. mjdhy;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; gpujp

fhzhky; NghFk;gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ moptilAk;gl;rj;jpy; mjd;

cupikahsNuh my;yJ mLj;j cupikahsNuh cWjp nra;j

gpujpia NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.


fhzhky; Nghd my;yJ moptile;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / cWjpg; gj;jpu gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW?

mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;gJ kpfTk; gaDs;s

MtzkhFk;. mit fhzhky; Nghdjd; gpd;dH gpujp xd;iw

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kaw;rpg;gjpYk;> jk;kplk; cs;s Kjy;

gpujpia ghJfhg;gNj rpwe;jJ. ,jd; nghUl;L:

1. ,aYkhapd; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid

nghypj;jPd; %yk; fhj;J (nykpNdl;bq;) itj;Jf;

nfhs;sy;.

2. efy; gpujp my;yJ rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l gpujpfis vLj;J

jdpj; jdpahf itj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

3. xt;nthU cWjpg; gj;jpuk; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuKk; ntt;NtW

ghJfhg;ghd Nfhg;Gfspy; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;.

4. mt;thNw Nfhg;gpy; Fwpj;J itj;jy;.

5. ,t;thwhd Mtzq;fs; mlq;fpa Nfhg;Gf;fis kpfTk;

ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspy; gj;jpug;gLj;jp itj;jy; kpfTk;

rpwe;jJ.

5.1 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpuj;jpd; / gpujhd

gj;jpuj;jpd; / Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd;

/ ifAjpHj;jy; gj;jpuj;jpd; (nehj;jhup];

gj;jpuj;jpd;) efy; gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ

vt;thW?

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Mtzq;fspd; (ifAjpHj;jy; / nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; jtpu) efy; gpujp gpuNjr nrayfq;fspy; ,Ug;gpDk;> khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; cs;s efy; gpujpapd;> khtl;l fhzp gjpthsupdhy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l efy; gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tNj kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l midj;J Mtzq;fSk;> fhzp gjpT nra;jy; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;dH mq;F midj;J gpujpfSk; ,wg;gH Kj;jpiu ,lg;gl;L> me;j cWjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ Mtzk; ve;j Gj;jfj;jpy;> vj;jidahtJ gf;fj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.


mt;thNw Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Mtzj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ljhd; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; (cupik khw;wg;gLk; NghJ> mlF itf;fg;gLk; NghJ) vOjg;gLk;. midj;J nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpYk;> Kd; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fkhapd;> gj;jpuj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpapy; mJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

mjd; mbg;gilapy;> fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba Fwpg;gpl;l tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gjpT Fwpj;j jfty;fis Fwpg;gpl;L> epHzapf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kj;jpiuia tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpy; xl;b jkJ cWjpg; gj;jpuk; / Mtzj;ij rhd;wspj;j gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

vdpDk;> fhzpapd; cupikahsH my;yJ rl;lj;juzp my;yJ nehj;jhup]; xUtNu ,e;j tpz;zg;g gj;jpuj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;L Nfhu KbAk;.

,J njhlHgpy; Nkyjpf tpguk; Njitahapd; khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

5.2 cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy; kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy;

jtWfis jpUj;jpf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW?

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;

LDOcq;fSila mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ij thrpj;J ghHf;Fk; NghJ>

fPo; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfs; fhzg;gLkhapd; mtw;iw jpUj;j

Ntz;Lk;.

1. ngaH gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;

2. fhzp ,yf;fk; gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;

3. vy;iy gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;

4. fhzpapd; msT gpioahf Fwpf;fg;g;lbUj;jy;

,J njhlHgpy; Fbrd mjpfhup my;yJ fpuhk NrtfH

mwpf;ifAld; gpuNjr nrayhsupid re;jpj;J> mtuplk; tpsf;fk;

mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l FiwghLfis gpuNjr

nrayhsuhy; jpUj;j KbAk;.


6.fhzp cupik khw;wy; (tpw;wy;)>

mlF itj;jy;

jdpahH / ifAjpHj;jy; fhzp cupikahsupd; tpUg;gk;

kw;Wk; Nfhupf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; nehj;jhup]; xUtuhy;

,jid Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. fhzp cupik khw;wiy Fwpj;j

khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdk; mDkjpj;Js;s Mff; Fiwe;j

vy;iyf;Fs; khj;jpuNk Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. (rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;> mDkjp gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;Wf;Fg; gjpyhf>

rpyH gpioahd tpjj;jpy; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

jahupf;fpd;wdH. ngUk;ghyhNdhH ,tw;iw jk;trk; vLj;Jf;

nfhz;L gy;NtW mur fhupaq;fis epiwNtw;w tUthHfs;.

mt;thW tUgtHfspd; Njitia mur mjpfhupfshy;

epiwNtw;w KbahJ. mjdhy;> jhk; ngWk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;

njhlHgpy; Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;).

mt;thW murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuk; / ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpuk; toq;Fk; NghJ tpNrl

eltbf;ifia gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

XOq;Fg;gLj;jp itj;jhy; rpwe;jJ jhNd?

gy fhykhf fe;ijah Kjyhsp rpwg;ghf tpahghuk; nra;J tUfpd;whH. jw;NghJ tajhfptpl;likahy; tpahghuk; nra;tjid epWj;jp tpl;L Rje;jpukhf tho;e;J tUfpd;whH. mf;fhyj;jpy; Kjyhspapd; ngaUf;F murhq;fj;jpdhy; fpilj;j fhzpf;F> Kjyhsp fLk; rpukj;jpd; kj;jpapy; Fj;jif nrYj;jp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;whH. mJ ,d;W mtUf;F MWjy; mspf;fpd;wJ. jw;NghJ jkJ gps;isfSf;F ,ilapy; me;j fhzpia gfpHe;jspf;f mtH


tpUg;gk; nfhz;Ls;shH. vdNt fhzpf;F toq;f Ntz;ba Fj;jifia nrYj;Jtjw;Nf Kjyhsp gpuNjr nrayhsiu re;jpf;fr; nrd;whH.

mg;NghJ jhd;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jif fhzpnahd;iw> rpW rpW gFjpfshf gpupj;J> ntt;NtW cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vOj KbahJ vd;gjid Kjyhsp mwpe;J nfhz;lhH. mJ mtuJ kdjpw;F ngUk; Ntjidahf khwpaikapdhy;> ,jid nra;tjw;F NtW topNaJk; cs;sjh vd mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F kPz;Lk; gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; nrd;whH. gpuNjr nrayhsH mspj;j gjpy; mtUf;F MWjy; jUtjhf ,Ue;jJ.

fe;ijah Kjyhspf;F gpuNjr nrayhsH mwpTWj;jpaikf;F mika msitahsH xUtiu mioj;J te;J fhzpia ehd;F gFjpfshf gpupj;J> cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;f Ntz;ba tpjk; Fwpj;Jk;> tpsf;Fk; fbjj;Jld; Muk;g Fj;jif gj;jpuj;jpid murhq;fj;jplk; xg;gilj;J> tpiuthf ehd;F gps;isfSf;Fk; ntt;NtW fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fis jahupj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; MHtj;Jld; murhq;fj;jpw;F gj;jpuk; ifaspf;fg;gLk; tpz;zg;gj;ij G+Hj;jp nra;J nfhLj;jhH.

mf;fhyj;jpy; 40 NgHr;r]; vd;gJ ngupa ,lkpy;iy vd;w NghjpYk;> ,d;iwa epiyapy; jkJ gps;isfspy; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; toq;Fk; 10 NgHr;r]; md;iwa fhyj;ij tpl ngWkjpahdJ vd fe;ijah Kjyhsp epidj;jhH. filj; njhFjpf;F mUfpy; cs;sikahy;> rpwe;j njhopy; xd;iwAk; Muk;gpf;f KbAk; vd mtH epidj;jhH. mt;thW ehy;tUf;Fk; ntt;Ntwhd fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; cs;sikahy;> jdpj;jdpahf tq;fpf; fld; ngw;W jk;Kila tpahghuq;fis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;s KbAk; vd fe;ijah KjyhspAld;> mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpahghuk; nra;J te;j ez;gH

Nltpl; $wpapUe;jhH.


6.1 nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (cWjpg; gj;jpuk;) toq;fy;

(fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

toq;fy;)

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. me;j KO fhzpiaAk; my;yJ

gFjpia NtnwhUtupd; ngaUf;F khw;Wjy; fPo;tUk; tifapy;

Kd;ndLf;fg;glyhk;.

fhzpnahd;iw gFjpfshf gpupj;J toq;Fk; vz;zk; ,Ug;gpd;>

,lj;jpd; Mff; Fiwe;j miug;gFjp vd;gjd; mbg;gilia

ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L> mjw;F Vw;whw; Nghy; ngauspj;jiy gpuNjr

nrayhsuplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd; nghUl;L fpuhk

NrtfH mwpf;if / Fbrd mjpfhup mwpf;if Njitg;gLk;.

mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuq;fspy; Fwpj;j

fhzpfs; gpupf;fg;glf; $ba Mff; Fiwe;j msT vd;d vd;gJ

Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Kd;dH me;j msT miu Vf;fH my;yJ

fhy; Vf;fH vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy;

,lg;gw;whf;Fiw fhuzkhf 10 NgHr;r]; tiu gfpHe;jspf;f

KbAk; vd NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhupfs; jPHkhdpj;Js;sdH.

ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpukhapd; ,uz;liu NgHr;r];fs; tiu

gfpHe;jspf;f KbAk;.

Nfhupf;if njhlHgpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH> fpuhk mjpfhup kw;Wk;

Fbrd mjpfhupapd; gupe;Jiu Fwpj;J jpUg;jp mile;jhy;>

rl;lj;juzp xUtupd; Clhf ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd;

gpujpia jahupj;J rkHg;gpf;FkhW cupikahsupw;F mwptpg;ghH.

Fwpj;j Mtzj;ij gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; rkHg;gpj;j gpd;dH>

mjid Kiwahf jahupj;J rkHg;gpj;Js;s (nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; Mtzj;jpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gpd; kw;Wk; epHzapf;fg;gl;l Mff;Fiwe;j

gFjpia epahakhf gpupf;fg;gl;l myFfSf;F nghUe;Jkhapd;)

Mtzj;jpw;F mDkjp gj;jpuk; Clhf Fwpj;j rl;lj;juzpapd;

ngaUf;F toq;FthH.


I. gpuNjr nrayhsupd; me;j mDkjp gj;jpuj;Jld;

nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; 3 gpujpfis jahupj;J

khtl;l fhzp gjpthsUf;F rkHg;gpj;J gjpT nra;J

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

II. gjpT nra;ag;gLk; nehj;jhup]; gj;jpuk; toq;Fgtupd;>

Kjy; gpujp - nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH / ngaH khw;wp ngWgtuplKk;>,uz;lhtJ gpujp - gpuNjr

nrayhsuplKk;> %d;whtJ gpujp - fhzp gjpthsH

mYtyfj;jpYk; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. gpd;nghU fhyj;jpy;

kw;nwhU gpujp Njitahf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> fhzp

gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; cs;s ,e;j %d;whtJ gpujp

ekf;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. vdpDk;> mjd; nghUl;L

nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vOJk; nehj;jhup]; / rl;lj;juzpapd; ngaH> cWjpg; gj;jpu ,yf;fk; kw;Wk;

gjpT nra;j jpdk; vd;gd NjitahFk;. vdNt> me;j

jfty;fis epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;.

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk;

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; ,il gfpuy; myF kw;Wk;

rupahd miug;gFjp vd ,uz;L fhuzq;fs; nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. mjidg;

Gupe;J nfhs;tJ vkf;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,il

gfpuy; myFfs; vd;gJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzp gpupf;fg;glf; $ba gFjpfspd;

vz;zpf;ifahFk;. cjhuzkhf> ,il gfpuy; myF 40

NgHr;r];fs; vdpd;> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; xU Vf;fH

vdpd;> ,il gfpuy; myF ¼ Vf;fuhf> mjhtJ 40

NgHr;r]hf ,Uf;Fk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l cjhuzj;jpw;F mika xU Vf;fH epyj;jpd;

Mff; Fiwe;j gfpuy; myF ¼ Vf;fH vdpd;> mJNt Mff;

Fiwe;j miug;gFjpahFk;.


6.2 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngaH khw;wy;

,jd; nghUl;L gpujhd ,uz;L epge;jidfis G+Hj;jp nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

1. Fj;jiff;F toq;fg;gl;l Njitf;fhfNt fhzp

gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. vt;tpj jhkjKk; ,d;wp Fj;jif gzj;ij nrYj;jp>

fhzpia jilapd;wp mDgtpj;jy;.

I. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd;

rl;lj;juzp Clhf jahupf;fg;gl;l ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg;

gj;jpuj;Jld; Fj;jifjhuupd; Nfhupf;if fpuhk NrtfH

mjpfhup kw;Wk; Fbrd mjpfhupapd; gupe;JiuAld; Fwpj;j

gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

II. ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; tUlk; tiu Fj;jif

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sikia cWjp nra;J rhd;wpjo; kw;Wk;

gpuNjr nrayhsupd; gupe;Jiu khfhz fhzp MizahsH

/ gpujp fhzp MizahsH Clhf fhzp MizahsH

ehafj;jpw;F rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

III. fhzp Mizahsuplk; Fwpj;j Mtzq;fs; fpilj;jjd;

gpd;dH> rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngaH khw;w cWjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpy; Kjy; Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; midj;ijAk;

cs;slf;fp jahupf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;> vOj;J %ykhd

mDkjp epHzapf;fg;gl;l eilKiwfspd; Clhf %d;W

gpujpfshf gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; mDg;gg;gLk;.

IV. gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhzp Mizahsupd;

vOj;J %ykhd mDkjp rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;lj;juzp / nehj;jhup]_f;F toq;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> mtuhy;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;l rl;l%yj;jpd; gpufhuk; cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

jahupf;fg;gl;L fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT

nra;ag;gl;l gpujp> gpuNjr nrayhsuplKk;> Kjy; gpujp

ngaH khw;wg;gl;ltuplKk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

vdpDk;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; fhzpapd; xU

gFjpia khj;jpuk; toq;f KbahJ.


6.3 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ngaH khw;wy;

(murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

toq;fg;gl;lJ)

Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vd;gJ murhq;fj;jpd; vJtpjkhd

njhlHGk; ,y;yhJ midj;J cupikfSlDk;> ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l

fhzpahFk;. mjd;gb> ,t;thwhd fhzpia ngaH khw;Wtjw;F

murhq;fj;jpd; mDkjp Njit ,y;iy. vdpDk;> gFjpfshf;fp

tpw;gid nra;tjhapd;> me;j gFjp Mff; Fiwe;j msthfpa>

Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdj;jpd; mDkjpaspj;Js;s

mstpid tpl Fiwe;jjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

nehj;jhup]; xUtupd; Kd;dpiyapy; ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpy; ifnahg;gk; ,Ltjd; %yk;> ,t;thwhd fhzpia

ngaH khw;Wtjw;fhd ,aYik cs;sJ.

6.4 murhq;fj;jpd; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw tq;fp

kw;Wk; epjp epWtdj;jpy; mlF itg;gjw;F nra;a

Ntz;bait

6.4.1 nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; ([aG+kp> RtHz G+kp> uj;d G+kp>

,RU G+kp> ud;gpk)

rl;lj;jpd; mDkjpg; ngw;w tq;fp / epjp epWtdj;jplk; mlF

cWjpg; gj;jpu rl;l%yk; jahupj;J> mjd; nghUl;L gpuNjr

nrayhsH jUk; vOj;J %y mDkjpapd; mbg;gilapy; mlFg;

gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupj;J> gjpT nra;tjd; %yk; tq;fp / epjp epWtdj;jplk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid mlF itf;f KbAk;.

6.4.2 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

Fwpj;j epjp epWtdj;jpdhy; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Mtzk;

jahupf;fg;gl;L> mjid gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; khfhz

fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH Clhf fhzp

MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F rkHg;gpj;J vOj;J %yk; mDkjp

ngw Ntz;Lk;. fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpd; vOj;J %y

mDkjpapd; mbg;gilapy; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid gjpT

nra;a KbAk;.


6.4.3 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;

Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid mlF itg;gjw;F

murhq;fj;jpd; ve;jnthU mjpfhupapdJk; mDkjpiag; ngWtJ

mtrpaky;y. epjp epWtdk; Clhf jahupf;fg;gl;l mlF cWjpg;

gj;jpuk; Clhf rhjhuz rl;lj;jpd; %yk; mlF itf;f KbAk;.

6.5 fhzp nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; mDkjpg;

gj;jpuk; ,uj;Jr; nra;jy;

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpid

toq;fpapUg;gpd;> mjid ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbahJ. vdpDk;>

gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH jkJ tpUg;gj;Jld; fhzpia

murhq;fj;jpw;F xg;gilg;gjd; %yk; ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;.

mt;thNw>gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH my;yJ mtuJ

thuprpid Njb mwpa Kbahj NghJ> mt;thwhd re;jHg;gj;jpy;

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;F mjpfhuk;

cs;sJ.

mDkjpg; gj;jpukhapd; gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; ,uj;Jr; nra;a

KbAk;. mJ fPo;tUk; fhuzq;fSf;fhf kl;Lk;:

1. fhzpapy; tjpahik

2. mgptpUj;jp nra;ahik

3. rl;lj;jpw;F jPq;F Vw;gLk; tifapy; gad;gLj;jy;.

mt;thW ,uj;Jr; nra;tjhapd;> mjd; nghUl;L gpuNjr

nrayhsupdhy; epHzapf;fg;gl;l gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf mDkjpg;

gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F mwptpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; NghJ

mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid

,uj;Jr; nra;ahjpUg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fis Kd; itg;gjw;fhd

cupik cs;sJ. ,J njhlHgpy; cq;fSila tpNrl ftdk;

Nghd;Nw> vr;rupf;ifAld; ,Ug;gJk; cq;fSila fhzpapd;

cupikia ghJfhg;gjw;F cq;fSf;F cjTk;.


mt;thNw> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; $ba fhzpf;F> fhzpia

ed;whf mgptpUj;jp nra;a KbAkhapd; khj;jpuNk nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cupik fpilf;Fk;. ,J njhlHgpYk;

ePq;fs; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

6.6 murhq;fk; fhzpia jd;trkhf;fy; / ifg;gw;wy;

murhq;fk; fhzpia jd;trkhf;fy; ,uz;L tpjq;fspy;

,lk;ngWk;.

1. murhq;fj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhd ,lnkhd;iw egnuhUtH

rl;ltpNuhjkhf ifg;gw;wpapUg;gpd;> rl;ltpNuhjkhf

Mf;fpukpj;jtiu tpul;b tpl;L> cupikia kPz;Lk;

murhq;f fhzp tpLg;G kPz;Lk; vLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd;

Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; murhq;fk; jkjhf;fpf; nfhs;Sk;.

2. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuk; mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;l fhzpia kPz;Lk;

murhq;fk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;. fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j eltbf;if Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

,jd; fPo; eguhy; nra;ag;gl;l mgptpUj;jpf;fhf kw;Wk;

fhzpf;fhf murhq;fj;jpw;F mtuhy; toq;fg;gl;l njhif

vd;gd ,Ug;gpd;> mjd; nghUl;L fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy;

epWtdj;jpd; Clhf el;l <L njhif toq;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ,lj;ij ifafg;gLj;jYf;F

gj;jpupif tpsk;guk;> tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; Clhf el;l

<L kw;Wk; cupik guprPyid elj;jy; Nghd;w ePz;l fhy

nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. egHfs; trKs;s ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzp mur Njitapd;

mbg;gilapy; murhq;fj;jpdhy; ifafg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;sYk;> fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; nghUl;L NkNy cs;s

ge;jpapy; Fwpg;gpl;lthW fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd;

Vw;ghLfSf;F mika Kd;ndLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.


6.7 fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kw;Wk;

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

toq;fg;gLk; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

vd;gtw;wpw;F ,ilapyhd NtWghL kw;Wk;

gad;ghL

tplak; fhzp mgptpUj;jp

fl;lisr; rl;lk;

murhq;f fhzp fl;lisr;

rl;lk;

fhzp gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk; tpjk;

fhzp fr;Nrup Kiwapd; fPo; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w fhzpfis rl;lj;jpw;Fs; nfhz;L tUtJ

fhzp fr;Nrup Kiw> fhzp tpw;gid Nfs;tp mwptpj;jy; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w epahakhdjhf;fy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf nfsut mikr;rupd; mDkjp

fhzp toq;fg;gLk; Nehf;fk;

tjptjw;F kw;Wk; gapHnra;iff;F

ve;jnthU Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; gapHnra;iff;F> tjptjw;F> tHj;jf> njhopy; eltbf;iff;F> kj> nghJ> tpisahl;L kw;Wk; tpNrl nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F

ahUf;fhf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ

tptrhapfSf;F> Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F>fw;w ,isQHfSf;F> kw;Wk; mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F> ,yq;if gpui[fSf;F

egHfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F> murhq;f CopaHfSf;F> kj;jpa tFg;gpdUf;F> mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F> rkpj;jp rq;fq;fSf;F> murpayikg;Gr; rig> cs;@uhl;rp rig Nghd;w ve;jnthU egUf;Fk;> epWtdj;jpw;Fk;,yq;if gpui[fs; my;yhjtHfSf;Fk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;

fhzp toq;ff; $ba gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; msT

efuq;fspy; tHj;jf fhzpfis ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;f KbahJ. ngUkstpyhd ,lj;jpid kf;fSf;F toq;f KbahJ

ve;;jg; gFjpapy; cs;s ,lj;ijAk; ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;f KbAk;toq;Fk; mstpy; fl;Lg;ghL ,y;iy.


toq;fg;gLk;

Mtzk; / cWjpg;

gj;jpuk;

Kjypy; mDkjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpid

toq;fp> mjpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

epge;jidfis

epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dH>

,uz;lhtjhf

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;

(ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg;

gj;jpuk;) toq;fg;gLk;.

Kjypy; Fj;jif Mtzk;

(mDkjp) toq;fp>

gpd;dH ePz;l fhy

Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

toq;fg;gLk;. jq;Fkplj;

Njitf;F toq;fg;gl;l

fhzpf;fhf khj;jpuk;

Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuk; (ifAjpHj;jy;

cWjpg; gj;jpuk;)

toq;fg;gLk;.

NtW tpNrl

mk;rq;fs;

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH ifnahg;gkpLthHepge;jidfs; kPwg;gLk; mbg;gilapy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;Fj;jif mwtply; ,lk;ngwhJ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk; re;jHg;gj;jpy; fhzpf;fhf vy;iy fy; itj;J cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F tiuglk; ,izf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; [dhjpgjpNa ifnaOj;jpLthH.nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij jkJ tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; murhq;fj;jplk; xg;gilf;f KbAk;. ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;F nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tpUg;gk; mtrpakhFk;.

cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy;

[dhjpgjp

ifnaOj;jpLthH.

,J [dhjpgjp kw;Wk;

Fj;jifjhuH Mfpa

,uz;L jug;gpdUf;F

,ilapyhd

cld;gbf;ifahFk;.

tUlhe;j Fj;jif

njhifia nrYj;j

Ntz;Lk;.

cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy;

tiuglk;

,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

fhzp gjpT nra;jy;

mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT

nra;ag;gLk;.

cld;gbf;ifia xU

jug;G khj;jpuk; ,uj;Jr;

nra;a KbahJ.


ngaH khw;wk; Gupa KbAk; vd;w NghjpYk;> rl;l %yj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s kl;Lg;ghLfSf;F Vw;g Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.%d;whtJ Jiz gpuptpd; fPo; cwtpdUf;F my;yJ tptrha nray;jpl;lj;jpd; xUtUf;F Gwk;ghf xUtUf;F toq;f KbahJ.mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l epjp epWtdq;fspy; mlF itf;f KbAk;. kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH kidtpf;F fhzp cupik fpilf;Fk;. mLj;j thupR ahH vd;gjid ngaupl KbAk;. mLj;j thuprpd; ngaiu Fwpg;gplhjgl;rj;jpy; %j;j kfDf;F cupik nry;Yk;.gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. fhzp gjpT nra;jy; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT

nra;a KbAk;.

ngaH khw;wNth> mlF itf;fNth KbAk;fhzpapd; xU gFjpia ngaH khw;w KbahJ efy; gpujp ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.mLj;j thuprpid Fwpg;gpLtjw;F cWjpahd kWrPuikg;G ,y;iy ePz;l fhy cWjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;Wldhd fhzpfSf;F ehl;bd; rhjhuz rl;lk; gad;gLk;.

NkNy $wg;gl;l tpsf;fj;jpw;F mika mjpf tUkhdk;

ngWgtHfSf;F / kj;jpa tFg;gpdUf;F murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf

ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

KbAk;. mjd; nghUl;L murhq;fj;jpw;F Fj;jif njhifia

nrYj;j NeupbDk;>murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd;

fPo; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngWtNj

gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. jq;Fkpl eltbf;iffSf;fhf mjidg;

ngw;wpUe;jhy;> Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngWtjw;F

cq;fSf;F cupik cs;sJ.


7.tho;f;if cupik

tho;f;if cupik vdg;gLtJ> fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH capupoe;j gpd;dH> me;j fhzpf;fhd

cupikj;Jtk; ngWjyhFk;.

,q;F cupikahsH fztuhapd;>tho;f;if cupik kidtpf;Fr;

nry;Yk;. fhzpapd; cupikahsH kidtpahapd;> tho;f;if cupik

fztUf;Fr; nry;Yk;. mLj;j thuprpd; ngaH Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhYk;>

Fwpg;gplg;glh tpl;lhYk;> tho;f;if cupikf;F vJtpjkhd

,ilA+Wk; ,y;iy.

mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s re;jHg;gj;jpy;> mjd;

cupikahsH ,we;j gpd;dH tho;f;if cupikahsupd; ngaupy;

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij ntspapl KbAkhapDk;> tho;f;if

cupikahsuhd mtUf;F> my;yJ mtUf;Fg; gpd;duhd

mLj;j thuprpid ngaupLtNjh> jkf;F tpUg;gkhdtUf;F ngaH

khw;Wtjw;fhd cupik ,y;iy. ,lj;ij tpw;gid nra;tJ>

gFjpfshf;FtJ my;yJ gpupg;gJ jtpu NtW ve;j tifapYk;

cupikia mDgtpf;fyhk;. fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd

cupikAk; mtUf;F cs;sJ.

7.1 fhzp njhlHgpy; $wg;gLk; trjpAupik vd;gjd;

mHj;jk; vd;d?

trjpAupik vdg;gLtJ fhzp njhlHgpy; kw;WnkhU egUf;F

mDgtpg;gjw;F ,Uf;ff; $ba xU cupikahFk;. cjhuzkhf>

tPjp trjpAupik vdg;gLtJ tPjpia gad;gLj;jp te;jpUg;ghuhapd;>

mjidj; njhlHe;Jk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cupikahFk;.


7.2 Kjy; cupik kw;Wk; mLj;j cupikfs; fl;lis

vdg;gLtJ vd;d?

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ntspaplg;gLk;

mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (RtHz G+kp> [a

G+kp> ,uj;d G+kp> ,RU G+kp kw;Wk; ud;gpk) vd;gtw;WlDk;> fhzp

gpujhd (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; epahjd

rhjd gj;jpuk; njhlHgpYk; ,e;j tplak; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhFk;.

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH

Kjy; cupikahsH vd;w tifapy; mjpfhuk; nfhz;bUg;ghH.

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf mLj;j

thuprpid ngaupl KbAk;. Kjy; mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH

my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH capupoe;jjd; gpd;dH

mLj;j thuprhf ngauplg;gl;Ls;stHfSf;F KO cupikAk;

toq;fg;gLk;.

,q;F mDkjpg; gj;jpu ngaH> mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsupd;

ngaH jpUj;jk; nra;tjw;F my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd;

ngaiu gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf fhzp gjpthsuplk; mDg;gp

KOik nra;Ak; gbtj;jpd; Clhf mLj;j cupikahsuplk;

KO cupikAk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk;.

jtW ahUilaJ

Re;juk; fle;j rpy ehl;fshf fLk; Nahridapy;

Mo;e;Js;shH. tPl;by; cs;stHfSld; mjpfk;

fijg;gjpy;iy. NtiyfSk; nra;tjpy;iy.

Kd;dH ve;NeuKk; RWRWg;gha; Ntiy nra;J te;j

Re;juk;> ,d;W tPl;by; cs;s rpW Ntiyiaf;

$lr; nra;tjpy;iy. jkf;F cs;s gpur;rpidia

tha; jpwe;J tPl;by; cs;stHfsplk; nrhy;Yk;

ijupaKk; Re;juj;jplk; ,y;iy.


Re;juj;jpd; tPl;by; cs;stHfs;> mjhtJ Re;juj;jpd;

mk;kh> mg;gh> mz;zh> mf;fh vd fpuhkj;jpy;

xw;WikAld; tho;e;j FLk;gk;. Re;juj;jpd; mz;zh

murhq;f Ntiy ngw;W NtW fpuhkj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W

rpy tUlq;fshfpd;wd. mtH mq;NfNa epue;ju

gjptpidg; ngw;Ws;shH. mf;fhTk; jpUkzk; Gupe;J

NtW tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lhH. ,g;NghJ ,e;j

tPl;by; Re;juKk;> mtuJ mk;khTk;> mg;ghTNk

vQ;rpAs;sdH. FLk;gj;jpd; filf;Fl;b vd;gjhy;

ngw;NwhUld; tPl;bNyNa jq;fp tpl;l Re;juk;

,Jtiu kfpo;r;rpahfNt ,Ue;jhH.

,e;j epiyapy; tPjp tpgj;njhd;wpy; Re;juj;jpd; mg;gh

kuzkile;jhH. mjidj; njhlHe;Jk; mk;khTk;

RftPdkile;jhH. mg;ghtpd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH

xU tUlj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;ba rlq;FfSf;F

tPl;ilj; jpUj;jp mikf;f epidj;j Re;juk;>

tPl;bd; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;ij mlF itj;J fld;

ngWtjw;F jpl;lkpl;lhH. ,jd; nghUl;L fhzp

cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngaH khw;Wtjw;F nrd;w

NtisapNyNa ,e;j gpur;rpid cUntLj;jJ.

mjpfhupfs; $Wk; tifapy; jw;NghJ mk;khtpw;F

fhzpapd; cupik ,y;iy. mk;khtpw;F ,Ug;gJ

mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupik khj;jpuNk. fhzpapd;

cupikia Re;juj;jpd; ngaUf;F vOJtjw;F

mk;kh tpUk;gpdhYk;> rl;lj;jpy; mjw;fhd re;jHg;gk;

,y;iy. ,jdhy;> ntF njhiytpy; cs;s jkJ

mz;zdplk; Re;juk; njhiyNgrpapy; fijj;jhH.

,jd;NghJ mz;zh tPl;by; ,y;yhikahy;>

njhiyNgrpapy; fijj;j mz;zdpd; kidtp>

jkf;F vJtpjkhd epyGyd;fSk; ,d;ikahy;>

me;j fhzpia ek;gpNa ,Ug;gjhf njuptpj;Js;shH.

jkf;Fg; gpd;dH ,e;j fhzp Re;juj;jpw;F

nrhe;jkhFk; vd> mtuJ ngw;NwhH vg;NghJk;


$wp te;jdH. ngw;Nwhiu jdpj;J tpl;Lr; nry;y

KbahJ vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhfNt> Re;juk; kfhtyp

fhzp toq;fg;gl;l re;jHg;gj;jpYk;> vJtpj

tpz;zg;gKk; nra;ahJ ,q;NfNa ,Ue;jhH. mJ

khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;j fhzp jkf;F cupj;jhFk; vd;w

ek;gpf;ifapNyNa fld; ngw;W fhzpapy; njq;Fr;

nra;ifapy; <Lgl;lhH. Mdhy;> Re;juj;jpw;F

jUtjw;F ngw;NwhH tpUk;gpa fhzp jw;NghJ

mtuJ mz;zDf;Fj; Njitahf cs;sJ.

mg;gh capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j

fhzpapd; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;dH mLj;j

thuprpid ngaupLtjw;F re;jHg;gk; ,Ue;Js;sJ.

,y;iynadpd;> ,Wjp capypyhtJ ,e;j fhzpia

Re;juj;jpd; ngaupy; vOjp itj;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy;>

me;j fpuhkj;jpy; ,e;j rl;l rpf;fy;fs; Fwpj;j

njspT kf;fsplk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. jw;NghJ Re;juk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; cs;shH.

fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;

my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy;> cq;fSf;Fg;

gpd;dH fhzpapd; cupik cq;fSf;F mLj;jjhf

ahUf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid jpfjp>

Neuk; vd;gtw;iw Fwpg;gpl;L njspthf vOjp

itf;f KbAk;. mt;thW mLj;j cupikahsH

my;yJ cupikahsHfspd; ngaiu vOjp itg;gJ

cq;fSila flikahFk;. Re;juj;jpd; je;ij

mjidr; nra;jpUe;jhy;> ,d;W Re;juk; ,e;j

rpf;fiy vjpHnfhz;bUf;f khl;lhH.

,J njhlHgpy; kf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;JtJ

murhq;f mjpfhupfspd; flikahFk;.


7.3 mLj;j cupikahsH vdg;gLgtHfs; ahH?

fhzpapd; mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH / nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; mtUf;Fg; gpd;dH

me;j fhzpapd; gFjpf;F fpilf;Fk; cupik mLj;j cupik

vdg;gLfpd;wJ. mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH my;yJ

nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F jkf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzp

ahUf;F nrhe;jkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid jpfjp> Neuj;Jld;

ngaupLtjw;F fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpy; trjpfs;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

,jd; mbg;gilapy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F> gpuNjr

nrayfj;jpw;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk; tpz;zg;gj;jpw;F mika

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; mLj;j cupikahsupid ngaupl my;yJ

ngaH khw;w KbAk;. ,jd; nghUl;L Fbrd mjpfhup / fpuhk Nrtfupd; gupe;Jiu ngwg;gLk;. fhzpapd; msT kw;Wk; mDkjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfSf;F mika mLj;j cupikahsH

my;yJ cupikahsHfs; gyupid ngaupl KbAk;. mDkjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpy; mjd; mYtyfg; gpujp kw;Wk; gjpNtl;L Mtzk;

Mfpa %d;wpYk; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaH Fwpg;gplg;gl;L>

mjpfhupapdhy; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;L> jpfjp Fwpf;fg;gl;L> mur

Kj;jpiu ,lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. xOq;Ffspd; mbg;gilapy; mJ

eilngWtJ Fwpj;J mtjhdkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J

Fwpj;J mjpfhupfsplk; Nfl;lwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F cq;fSf;F

cupik cs;sJ.

cq;fSila nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; mLj;j cupikahsupd;

ngaiu Fwpg;gply; kw;Wk; khw;wy; fhzp Mizahsupd;

155MtJ khjpupapd; Clhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. me;j

khjpupg; gbtj;ij g+Hj;jp nra;J rkhjhd ePjthd; Clhf

cWjp nra;ag;gl;L> gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf fhzp gjpthsH

mYtyfj;jpw;F mDg;gp gjpT nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

mLj;j cupikahsiu ngauply; my;yJ jpUj;jk; nra;jy;

fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy;> mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH kuzpg;gjw;F Kd;dH gjpT nra;ag;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpd;> rl;luPjpahdjhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl


khl;lhJ. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; fhzp cupik cs;s vkJ

KjpatHfSf;F mjd; mLj;j cupikahsupd; (,uz;lhtJ

cupik) ngaiu Fwpg;gpl KbahJ NghFk;. ,t;thNw NtW

cWjpg; gj;jpu tiffspd; Clhf fhzpfSf;F ,Uf;ff; $ba

cupikfis ,Wjp capy; gj;jpuk; Clhf khw;wp toq;f KbAk;.

fhzp cupikahsH ,Wjp capy; gj;jpuk; gytw;iw vOj

KbAk;. vdpDk;> ,Wjpahf vOjg;gl;lNj Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

,q;F Mtzj;ij fhzp cupikahsupd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH> 3

khjq;fshtjw;F Kd;dH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rkHg;gpj;J mq;fPfhuk;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW mq;fPfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ljhf

ntspaplg;gLk; Mtzk; capy; nka;g;gpj;jy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;

vd mwpag;gLk;. ePjpkd;w gjpthsupd; fbjk; kw;Wk; ,e;j

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid cq;fSila rl;lj;juzpapdhy; fhzp

gjpthsUf;F rkHg;gpj;J gjpT nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

• mLj;j cupikahsH / cupikahsHfis jPHkhdpj;jyhdJ>

mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsHfshy;

vj;jid KiwAk; Kd;ndLf;fg;glyhk;.

• mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd;

tho;f;if Jiz (fztd; my;yJ kidtp) my;yJ

,uj;j cwtpdHfisNa mLj;j cupikahsuhf ngaupl

KbAk;. (fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; %d;whtJ

ml;ltizapd;mbg;gilapy; ,e;j ,uj;j cwTfs; ahtH

vd;gJ fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F ntspapy; cs;s

vtiuAk; mLj;j cupikahsuhf ngaupl KbahJ.

7.4 %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd; gpufhuk; cwtpdHfs;*

1. kfd; 2. kfs; 3. Ngud; 4. Ngj;jp

5. je;ij 6. jha; 7. rNfhjud; 8. rNfhjup

9. khkh 10.khkp 11. kUkfd;

12. kUkfs;

*(fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 51MtJ kw;Wk; 72MtJ

cWg;Giuapd; %d;whtJ ml;ltizapy; fhzp nraw;ghLfs; njhFg;gpy;

35MtJ gf;fk;)


ve;jnthU mDkjp gj;jpu my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu

cupikahsUk;> jkJ gj;jpuq;fSf;F mLj;j cupikahsiu

ngauplhJ kuzkilAk; gl;rj;jpy;> mtuJ tho;f;if

Jizf;F (fztd; / kidtp) me;j fhzpapd; tho;f;if

cupik fpilf;Fk;. fhzpr; nraw;ghLfspy; tho;f;ifj; Jiz

vdg;gLgtHfs; cupikahsupd; fztd; my;yJ kidtpahFk;.

ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fk; cupikahsupd; kiwtpd; gpd;dH mLj;j

cupikahsH vd;w mjpfhuk; tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; kuzj;jpd;

gpd;dNu fpilf;Fk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; mtuJ tho;f;ifapd;

,Wjp tiu fhzpia mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupik fpilf;Fk;.

Mdhy;> Fwpj;j tho;f;if Jiz NtW kzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy;

me;j cupik nry;Ygbaw;wjhfp tpLk;.

tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH me;j fhzpapd;

cupik> ,e;j Mtzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l xOq;fpy;

%j;jtHfSf;F khj;jpuk; cupj;jhFk;. mjhtJ> mLj;j

cupikahsH ngauplg;gltpy;iynadpd;> fhzp vt;tsT

ngupajhf ,Ue;jhYk;> xUtUf;F khj;jpuNk cupik fpl;Lk;.

kfd; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuNk kfSf;F cupik fpl;Lk;.

kfd;> kfs; vtUk; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy;> gl;baypy; jug;gl;Ls;s

xOq;fpy; NguHfSf;F cupik fpl;Lk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l FOf;fSf;F cl;gl;l cwtpdHfs;

,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; je;ij> jha; Mfpa xOq;fpy; Fwpg;gpl;ltHfSf;F

KO cupikAk; fpl;Lk;.

Mdhy;> %d;whtJ ml;ltizf;F mika %j;j Mz;

gps;isf;F khj;jpuNk cupik fpilg;gjd; Clhf jw;NghJ gy

r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;j ml;ltizapd; mbg;gilapy; kfSf;F ,uz;lhtJ ,lNk

fpilf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ> kfd; ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuNk

kfSf;F Kjy; cupik fpilf;fpd;wJ.

mt;thNw> filrpg; gps;is fhzp mgptpUj;jp nra;J nfhz;L

trpj;J te;jhYk;> %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd; mjpfhukspj;jypd;

Clhf> jkJ %j;j mz;zhTf;F fhzp cupj;jhtjhy;>

mq;fpUe;J ntspNaw Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.


,e;j rkepiy ,d;ik fhuzkhf %d;whtJ ml;ltizapy;

jpUj;jk; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L

tUfpd;wd.

mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH capUld;

,Uf;Fk; NghJ mLj;j cupikahsH my;yJ cupikahsHfis

ngaupLtjdhy; ,e;j rpf;fyhd epiyikia jzpf;f KbAk;.

ehk; ,e;j Gj;jfj;jpd; gy ,lq;fspy; fl;lis> mLj;j cupik>

Kjy; cupik> tho;f;if cupik Nghd;w gjq;fis $wpAs;Nshk;.

,e;j tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; cq;fSf;F

fl;lhak; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLk;. mt;thwhd

re;jHg;gq;fspy; fpuhk NrtfH my;yJ gpuNjr nrayhsiu

re;jpg;gJ kpfTk; cfe;jJ.


8.fhzp msj;jy;

fhzpia msj;jy; eltbf;if tpNrl gapw;rp ngw;w egHfshy;

(msitahsHfs;) Kd;ndLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

fhzpnahd;iw msf;Fk; NghJ ,uz;L tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy;

ftdk; nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

1. fhzpia mse;J vy;iyf; fy; ,ly;

2. Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l msj;jy; nraw;ghl;il tiuglkhf;fy;

(Plan)

fhzp msg;gtHfs; %d;W tifg;gLtH:

• murhq;f msitahsHfs; (msitahsH ehafj;jpd;

fPo;)

• fr;Nrup msitahsHfs;

• mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w msitahsHfs; (jdpahH

msitahsHfs;)


8.1 murhq;f msitahsHfs;

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfis> msitahsH ehafj;jpd; fPo; cs;s

,e;j murhq;f msitahsHfs; khj;jpuNk msf;f KbAk;. fhzp

msj;jypd; KOikahd mjpfhuk; nfhz;ltH msitahsH

ehafk;. kpfTk; gioikahd epWtdkhd msitahsH

jpizf;fsk; Mq;fpNyaHfspd; Ml;rp Kjy; (1871) ,yq;ifapy;

msj;jy; eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;L> epy tiuglq;fis

jahupj;J tUfpd;wJ. fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l nraw;ghLfspy; ,e;j

tiuglq;fs; kpfTk; gaDs;sit. msitahsH jahupj;j

tiuglq;fSf;Fs;:

• ,Wjp fpuhk tiuglk; / khjpup FVP (Final Village Plan)• ,Wjp efu tiuglk; / khjpup - FTP (Final Town Plan)• ,Wjp Fbrd tiuglk; / khjpup- FCP (Final Colony Plan)

ehl;bd; gy;NtW mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfspy; ,e;j tiuglq;fs;

kpfTk; gaDs;sit. msitahsH ehafj;jpd; khtl;l

jiytuhf khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH ,Uf;fpd;whH.

8.2 fr;Nrup msitahsHfs;

vy;iyg; gpur;rpid / vy;iyia kPz;Lk; epHzapj;jy; / ePjpkd;w cj;jutpd; Ngupy; msj;jy; / vy;iy jpl;lkply; Nghd;w

eltbf;iffis ,tHfs; Kd;ndLg;gH. vy;iyf; fy; ,ly;

my;yJ gzk; ngw;W msj;jy; my;yJ ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l

fhzpia msj;jy; vd;gtw;wpid Kd;ndLg;gjw;F mtHfSf;F

rl;luPjpahd mjpfhuk; ,y;iy.

8.3 mjpfhuk; ngw;w msitahsHfs;

jdpg;gl;l msj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; ,tHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l / jdpahH fhzp njhlHgpy; msj;jy; ,tHfshy;

Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,tHfs; msitahsH ehafj;jpd;

mDkjpiag; ngw;W fl;lzk; mwtpl;L mur fhzpfis msf;f


KbAk;. vdpDk;> me;j msj;jy; nraw;ghLfis khtl;l

msj;jy; mj;jpal;rHfs; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld;>

fl;lzk; epHzapf;fg;gl;L> Fwpg;gpl;l rjtPjk; murhq;fj;jpw;F

nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw jahupf;fg;gl;l msj;jy;

tiuG mj;jpal;rfuhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

8.4 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia msj;jy; nraw;ghL

,e;j nraw;ghLfspy; Kjypy; gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; msj;jy;

cj;juT khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfUf;F mDg;gp

itf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dH mtuJ Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo;

msit mjpfhupfspdhy; msj;jy; nraw;ghL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

mjidj; njhlHe;J msj;jy; mj;jpal;rfH mYtyfj;jpy;

tiuglk; jahupj;J %d;W gpujpfshf gpuNjr nrayf

mYtyj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j gpujpfspy; xd;W

khfhz fhzp MizahsH nghWg;gpYk;> kw;iwaJ gpuNjr

nrayhsH nghWg;gpYk;> kw;iwaJ fpuhk NrtfH nghWg;gpYk;

,Uf;Fk;. Kjy; gpujp msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH nghWg;gpy;

,Uf;Fk;.

efUk; vy;iyf; fy;

kPdhl;rp kw;Wk; Re;jupapd; tPLfs; mUfUfpy;

mike;Js;sd. ePz;l fhykhf maypy; trpj;J

te;j NghjpYk;> ,U FLk;gj;jpdUf;F ,ilapYk;

rpNefk; ,y;iy. kPdhl;rp tPl;by; ,lk;ngWk;

jpUkz epfo;TfSf;F khj;jpuky;y> mz;ikapy;

,lk;ngw;w kuztPl;bw;Fk; Re;jup nry;ytpy;iy.

mtHfSf;F ,ilapyhd cwT kpfTk;

me;epakhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Wjpapy;> fpuhkj;jpd;

kuz epthuz rq;fj;jplkpUe;J jg;gpg;gjw;fhf

kahdj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; nrd;W te;jhH.


,e;j ,U FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ePbf;Fk;

giff;F> ,U tPl;L fhzpfspdJk; vy;iyg;

gpur;rpidNa Muk;gk; vd;gjid fpuhkj;jpy;

cs;s midtUk; mwptH. ,UtUk; neUq;fpa

cwtpdHfshf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,e;j

cwT Kiwia kwe;J vy;iy Kuz;ghl;by;

<Lgl;Ls;sdH. ngupatHfs; kj;jpapy; ,e;j

Kuz;ghL fhzg;gl;lhYk;> ngupatHfs; tPl;by;

,y;yhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; rpWtHfs; xd;whf ,ize;J

tpisahLthHfs;.

Re;jupapd; fztH uhirah> kPdhl;rpapd; FLk;gj;jpdH

rpy ehl;fs; jy ahj;jpiu nrd;wpUe;j re;jHg;gj;jpy;>

,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd fhzpia mse;J>

Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j vy;iyf; fw;fis mfw;wp tpl;lhH.

mjw;F rpy ehl;fspd; gpd;dH Gjpjhf gpupf;fg;gl;l

jkJ vy;iyf;Fs; ,Ue;j Ntg;gkuj;ij gwpf;fr;

nrd;wNghJ ,U FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd

Nkhjy; Muk;gpj;jJ. Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j vy;iyf;

fw;fSf;F mika ,e;j Ntg;gkuk; kPdhl;rpapd;

fhzpf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdjhFk;. Mdhy;> vy;iyf;

fw;fs; mfw;wg;gl;bUe;jikapdhy;> Gjpjhf te;j

fpuhk NrtfuhYk; Ntg;g kuk; ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ

vd;gjid $w ,aytpy;iy.

,jd; fhuzkhfNt> fpuhk NrtfH gpuNjr

nrayhsuplk; $wp> mjd; %yk; fhzp msj;jiy

kPz;Lk; Kd;ndLg;gjw;F> msitahsH New;W

fhzpf;Fr; nrd;Ws;sdH. msitahsH fhzpia

Gjpjhf mse;J> uhirahtpdhy; fw;fs; mfw;wg;gl;l

mNj ,lj;jpy; Gjpa vy;iy fw;fis ,l;lhH.

mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjidj; jtpu uhirahTf;F

NtW topapy;iy.


Mdhy;>msitahsH fhzpia mse;J vy;iyf;

fw;fis ,Lk; NghJ me;j jftiy midj;J

Mtzq;fspYk; Fwpg;gjhfTk;> mJ msitahsH

jpizf;fsj;jpy; gj;jpukhf itf;fg;gLk; vdTk;>

kPz;Lk; fhzp msf;fg;gLk; NghJ me;j Gj;jfj;ij

jUtpj;J> mjdbg;gilapy; kPz;Lk; msj;jy;

Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; vd;gjid uhirah mwpe;J

itj;jpUe;jhy;> vy;iyf; fw;fis mfw;Wk; jtwhd

nraiy mtH Kd;ndLj;jpUf;fkhl;lhH.

8.5 cq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd msj;jy; tiugl

tif

1. jlkwpjy; (Tracing) ,J msitahsH mjpfhup my;yJ jFjpAila NtW

mjpfhupfspdhy; jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;. mj;Jld;>

,J jw;fhypfkhf jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;.


2. msj;jy; tiuglk; (Survey Plan) xU fhzp my;yJ gy fhzpfSf;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk;

tiuglkhFk;. ,t;thwhd tiuglj;jpid fl;lhakhf

msitahsH ehafj;jpw;fhf msitahsH mjpfhupapdhy;

cWjp nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw> msj;jy;

eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLj;j msitahsH> vy;iyfisg;

gpupj;jtHfs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghHitapl;ltHfs;> msj;jy;

Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l tUlk; kw;Wk; jpfjp vd;gtw;iw ,q;F

Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;. fl;lzk; nrYj;jp ,t;thwhd tiugl

gpujpia khtl;l msitahsH mjpfhup mYtyfj;jpy;

xUtuhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. tiuglj;Jld; Fbj;jd

gl;bay; (Tenement List) fl;lhakhf jahupf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. Fbj;jd gl;baypy; xt;nthU fhzp gpupT

myfpw;Fk; mika mjd; msT vy;iy kw;Wk; cupik

Nghd;wd tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

3. tpsf;fg;glq;fs; (Diagrams) ,jpy; gy tif cz;L. msitahsH ehafj;jpdhy;

msf;fg;gLk; fhzpfSf;Fs;> tpNrl fhzpg; gpuptpid

fhl;Ltjw;F tpsf;fg;glq;fs; jahupf;fg;gLk;. mtw;wpd;

tiffs; gpd;tUkhW:

I. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf tiuag;gLk; tpsf;fg;glk;

II. L tpsf;fg;glk; (Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf

jahupf;fg;gLk;)

III. O tpsf;fg;glk; (Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk;)


8.6 gy;NtW mstpyhd ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs;

kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; msTfs;*

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs;

tifmsT

1. rpwpa MW kw;Wk; mUtp> ePNuhil – mbj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15 mbf;Fk; FiwT

fiuapypUe;J epyg;gFjpf;F 66 mb. ,J ,Ugf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

2. kj;jpa mstpyhd ejp kw;Wk; mUtp> ePNuhil mbj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15-50 mbf;F ,ilg;gl;l

fiuapypUe;J epyg;gFjpf;F 133 mb. ,J ,U gf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. gpujhd MW 50 mbf;Fk; mjpfk fiuapypUe;J epyj;jpw;F 198 mb. ,J ,U gf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

4. ePHg;ghrdk;: I. mbj;jsk; 10mb my;yJ

mjw;F mjpfk; II. mbj;jsk; 10-15 ,ilg;gl;lJ III. mbj;jsk; 5 mbf;F FiwT

fiuapypUe;J 50 mbahf

fiuapypUe;J 28 mbahf fiuapypUe;J 10 mbahf

5. Fsf;fl;L Fsf;fl;bd; cauj;ijg; Nghy 15 klq;F

6. Fsf;fiu Nky; kl;lj;jpy; Fsk; epiwe;jTld; fl;Lg;ghl;L mstpypUe;J 100 mbf;F mg;ghy; Fsf;fiu kw;Wk; mjd; ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs;.

7. Mw;W mUtp ePNuhilfspy; ePHNjf;fk;

ePHNjf;fj;Jld; KO gpuNjrk;

8. eP&w;W mikr;rupdhy; tHj;jkhdpapy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l vy;iy msT

9. tPjpI. A tif tPjpII. B tif tPjp

III. C tif tPjpiV. D tif tPjp

V. E tif tPjp

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 33 mbfs; (Ntyp my;yJ kjpy; mikg;gjw;Nf ,e;j epge;jid)> fl;llkhapd; 50 mbfs;.

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 20 mbfs;

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 15 mbfs;

10. flw;fiu caH ePH kl;lj;jpypUe;J> Fiwe;j ePH kl;lk; tiuahd vy;iycaH ePH kl;lj;jpypUe;J Fiwe;j ePHkl;lk; tiu epyg;gFjpia Nehf;fp 300 kPw;wHfs;

*fhzp cj;juT 11 (fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 50MtJ Vw;ghl;bw;F mika) fhzpr;

nraw;ghL> gf;fk; 173.


9.fhzpg; gpur;rpid

fhzpg; gpur;rpidia gpd;tUk; tifapy; tifg;gLj;j KbAk;.

1. ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpfspy; gpur;rpid

2. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl;l my;yJ rl;ltpNuhj fhzpfspy; gpur;rpid

I. khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lhy;

khj;jpuNk ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpfspy; gpur;rpidfis

jPHf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J njhlHgpy; rl;lj;juzp

xUtiu re;jpj;J MNyhrid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ.

II. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT

gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; rpf;fy; Vw;gbd;>

fpuhk NrtfH my;yJ Fbrd mjpfhupapd; Clhf gpuNjr

nrayhsUf;F fbjk; %yk; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd;


gpd;dH gpuNjr nrahyfj;jpy; my;yJ ];jhd gupNrhjid

elj;jp rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g jPHkhdk; vLj;J rk;ge;jg;gl;l

jug;gpdUf;F mwptpg;gH.

rl;ltpNuhj fhzp njhlHgpy; gpur;rpid Vw;gbd;> gpuNjr

nrayhsUf;F jFjpahd rl;l eltbf;iffis gpd;gw;wp jPHT

ngw KbAk;.

Mdhy;> ve;j fhzpahf ,Ug;gpDk; msf;fg;gl;L vy;iyf;

fw;fs; ,lg;gl;bUg;gpd;> jPHg;gJ ,yFthFk;.

fhzp gpur;rpid cs;s re;jHg;gq;fspy; rk;ge;jg;g;ll

mjpfhupaplk; (gpuNjr nrayhsH / fpuhk NrtfH / Fbrd mjpfhup / JiwrhH MNyhrfH) MNyhridg; ngwhJ> %d;whk;

jug;gpduplk; MNyhrid ngWtjd; %yk; gpur;rpid NkYk;

mjpfupj;J> nkd;NkYk; rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhf khWk;.

Mdhy; fhzp gpur;rpid Vw;gLtjid jtpHg;gjw;F ,yFthd

Kiwnahd;W cs;sJ. mJjhd;> fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;J

Kiwahf guhkupj;J tUjyhFk;.

mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpj;jYk; FLk;gq;fSf;F

,ilapyhd rpf;fy; Vw;glhJ jtpHg;gjw;fhd topahf mikAk;.

9.1 fhzp njhlHgpy; fhzg;gLk; Jupj nraw;ghL kw;Wk;

gy;NtW ePjpkd;wq;fs;

9.1.1 ePjpthd; ePjpkd;wk;


fhzpg; gpur;rpid fhuzkhf rkhjhdj;jpw;F gq;fk; Vw;gLk;

vd;gJ cWjpahFk; re;jHg;gj;jpy;> me;j rk;gtj;ij

nghyp]hH ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Mw;Wg;gLj;JtH. ,t;thwhd

gpur;rpidfs; nghJthf ePjthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Nf

Mw;Wg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,q;F kpfTk; gpugykhd trdk; xd;W cs;sJ. mJjhd; 66MtJ

cWg;Giuapd; fPo; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Mw;Wg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ

vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ ePjpthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs;

rl;l%yj;jpd; 66MtJ cWg;GiuahFk;. mjpy;> fhzpg;

gpur;rpidapd; fhuzkhf rkhjhdj;jpw;F gq;fk; Vw;gLk; vdj;

Njhd;Wkhapd;> nghyp]hH B mwpf;ifapd; Clhf ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F

tplaj;ij rkHg;gpg;gH vd;gjhFk;. ,jd; %yk;> fle;j 60

ehl;fSf;Fs; fhzpapd; cupikj;Jtj;ij mDgtpj;jtHfs;

vd cWjp nra;ag;gl;ltHfsplk; fhzpia xg;gilg;gjw;F

VjhtJ cupik ,Ug;gpd;> ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; me;j jPHkhdk;

vLf;fg;gLtjhf ePjpkd;wj;jhy; Vida jug;Gf;F my;yJ

jug;gpdUf;F Mizaplg;gLk;.

,t;thwhd Kiwg;ghl;il jdpegHfSk; ePjthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpy;

rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,it fhzpg; gpur;rpid njhlHghd jPHthf

,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> fhzpapd; cupik ahUf;F cupj;jhdJ

vd jPHkhdpf;fhJ vd;gjid ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

vdpDk;> ,e;j ePjpkd;w jPHg;gpid khw;w Ntz;Lkhapd;> ,jid

tpl caH mjpfhuk; nfhz;l ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPHg;gpid ngw

Ntz;Lk;.

9.1.2 khtl;l ePjpkd;wk;

murhq;fj;jpdhy; egnuhtUf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpg; gFjpahf

,Uf;fyhk; (gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg;

gj;jpuj;jpd; Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd;> epahjd rhjdg;

gj;jpuj;jpd;)> ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l ,lkhf ,Uf;fyhk;> cupik

njhlHgpy; my;yJ NtW tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; rpf;fy; ,Ug;gpd;>

mJ Fwpj;J rptpy; ePjpkd;wkhd khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpNyNa

tof;F jhf;fy; nra;a KbAk;.


9.1.3 khfhz Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;/ Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jug;gLk; jPHg;G khfhz

rigapdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk; ,lj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gLkhapd;>

mJ njhlHgpy; ,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Nf Nkd;KiwaPL nra;a

KbAk;. ,jw;F mg;ghy; murhq;f mjpfhupfs; rl;lj;jpw;F vjpuhf

eltbf;if vLg;gjdhy;> newpjtwy; Vw;gLkhapd; my;yJ

mt;thW Vw;gLk; vd Njhd;Wkhapd; ,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Clhf

rl;l Mizg; ngw;W epthuzk; ngw KbAk;.

9.1.4 caH ePjpkd;wk;

NkNy $wg;gl;l ePjpkd;wq;fspd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;l jPHg;Gf;fs;

njhlHgpy; jpUg;jp milahjtHfSf;F Njitf;F Vw;w tifapy;

Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F my;yJ caHePjpkd;wj;jpw;F

Nkd;KiwaPl;bid rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;.

tof;F vd;gJ fhy tpuakh? rk;gt fw;if 5

kPdhl;rpAk;> uq;fDk; mz;zDk;> jq;ifAkhtH.

,UtUk; ngw;NwhUld; xNu tPl;by; trpj;J te;jdH.

,tHfspd; je;ijapd; ngaH nguparhkp. nguparhkp

me;j fhyj;jpy; ifg;gw;wpa ,uz;L Vf;fH fhzp

,Ue;jJ. ,e;j fhzpf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ,y;yhj

NghJk;> jkJ gps;isfs; ,UtUf;Fk; gpupj;Jf;

nfhLj;jhH. gpd;nghU fhyj;jpy;> kPdhl;rpAk;>

uq;fDk; ,e;j ,uz;L fhzpfSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahd

mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fisg; ngw;wdH. kPdhl;rp jkJ

fhzpapy; tPnlhd;iwAk; fl;b trpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

Mdhy;> mtuJ mz;zd; mq;F trpf;ftpy;iy.

vdpDk;> rpy fhyj;jpy; uq;fd; NtW Cupy; trpf;f

Muk;gpj;jikapdhy;> mtuJ ,lj;ij Kjyhsp

xUtUf;F tpw;whH. mNjNtis> Coy; epiwe;j

mjpfhupapd; cjtpAld; jq;ifapd; ,lj;jpw;Fk;

NrHj;J KOikahd fhzpf;Fk; ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l

cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupg;gjw;F Kjyhspf;F

cjtp nra;jhH. rpy ehl;fs; jkJ fztuJ ngw;Nwhupd;


tPl;by; trpg;gjw;fhf kPdhl;rp nrd;wpUe;j NghNj>

mz;zdpd; ,lj;ij nfhs;tdT nra;j Kjyhsp>

kPdhl;rpapd; fhzpf;Fk; NrHj;J cupik nfhz;lhl

Muk;gpj;jhH. mg;NghJjhd;> uq;fd; jkJ fhzpiaAk;

NrHj;J Kjyhspf;F tpw;Ws;sJld;> mjw;fhd

ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;fTk;

cjtpGupe;Js;sikia mwpe;J nfhz;lhH.

,jdhy; jkf;F Vw;gl;l mePjpf;F epahak; Nfhup

gpuNjr nrayhsH> khfhz fhzp MizahsH

kw;Wk; fhzp MizahsH ehafk; MfpNahUf;F

fbjk; %yk; kw;Wk; Neupy; nrd;W re;jpj;J jkJ

gpur;rpidia njuptpj;jhH. ,Wjpapy; [dhjpgjp

nrayfk; tiuAk; nrd;whH.

Mdhy; jw;NghJ> jtwhd Kiwapy; jhk; ngw;w

fhzpapypUe;J kPdhl;rpia ntspNaw;Wtjw;F>

Fwpj;j Kjyhsp ePjpkd;w cj;juitg; ngw;Ws;shH.

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fpilj;jikapdhy;> kPz;Lk; Nkd;KiwaPL

nra;tjw;F kPdhl;rp vjpHghHj;Js;shH.


9.1.5 fhzp njhlHgpy; rpf;fy; Vw;gLk; NghJ kw;Wk; MNyhrid

Njitahd NghJ njhlHG nfhs;s Ntz;ba mjpfhupfs;

kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs;

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fpuhk NrtfH

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gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsH

khfhz fhzp MizahsH mYtyfk; / gpujp fhzp MizahsH

mYtyfk;

khfhz fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH

cjtp fhzp MizahsH

fhzp mjpfhupfs;

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fhzp MizahsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk;

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fhzp MizahsH mgptUj;jp / fhzp

gpujp fhzp MizahsHfs;

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cjtp msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH

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gpujhd kjpg;gPl;lhsH

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gjpthsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk;

gjpthsH ehafk;


Nkyjpf gjpthsH ehafk;

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cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs;

khefu Kjy;tH / jiytH efu MizahsH / nrayhsH njhopy; mjpfhup

fhzp ifahsy; nfhs;if jahupj;jy; jpizf;fsk;

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cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; jpizf;fsk;

cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; MizahsH ehafk;

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fhzp kw;Wk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp mikr;R

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fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO rig

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jq;Fkpl nray;jpl;l KfhikahsHfs;

tya KfhikahsHfs;

gpupT KfhikahsHfs;


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(ud;gpk) 0112797403

4. fhzp MizahsH

(mgptpUj;jp) 0112797400

,izaj;jsk; - www.landcommdept.gov.lk


,izg;Gf;fs;


fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy;> =yq;fh

Coiy xopj;jy; vd;w gpujhd ,yf;if Nehf;fpr; nraw;gLk; rHtNjr epWtdkhd buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; epWtdj;jpd; ,yq;if Kftuhf> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cynfq;Fk; E}w;Wf;Fk; mjpfkhd fpisfis nfhz;L ,aq;Fk;> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; vd;w ,e;j epWtd tiyaikg;G ntspg;gilj; jd;ik> nghWg;Gilik kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rp nfhs;iffis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mHg;gzpg;Gld; cs;sJ. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; 2002Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,yq;ifia rpwe;j ehlhf khw;Wtjw;F> RahjPdkhf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

epHthfk; njhlHghd kf;fspd; Gupe;JzHit mjpfupg;gJk;> mtHfspd; gq;Fgw;wiy tYT+l;Ltjw;fhd gapw;rp> ,aYik mgptpUj;jp Nghd;w mwptpd; Clhf rpwe;j kl;lj;jpy; caHju Nritfis Vw;gLj;JtJk;> CoYf;F vjpuhf nraw;gLtjd; Clhf rpwe;j ehl;il cUthf;FtJk; vkJ ,yf;fhFk;.

Delegation of the European Unionto Sri Lanka and the Maldives26, Sir Marcus Fernando Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri LankaTel: (94 11) 2674413/4Fax: (94 11) 2678860Email: [email protected]: www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/sri_lanka

Transparency International Sri Lanka6, 37th Lane, Queen’s Road, Colombo 3Phone: 011 4369781 - 3Fax: 011 2506419Email: [email protected]: www.tisrilanka.org

ISBN: 978-955-1281-53-3

Land Issues [Idam Kadam Denamuthukam] - Tamil

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Transcript of Land Issues [Idam Kadam Denamuthukam] - Tamil