Labor-Management

Relations

Federal legislation re:

labor-management power» labor unions

Labor policies and legislation» wages and income

maintenance» employment security» hours and schedules of work» employee services and benefits

Federal Legislation

Norris-LaGuardia Act (1932)» restricted ability of employers to

obtain federal injunction against strike activities by union

Wagner Act (1935) [National Labor Relations Act]» right to join union without

interference or discrimination» allowance made for collective

bargaining» established NLRB» established procedures to follow

in unfair labor practices cases

Federal Legislation

Taft-Hartley Act (1947)» prevented unions from

coercing employees to form» outlawed union shop

(employee must join union)» outlawed closed shop

(employer can hire only union members)

» required participation in collective bargaining

Federal Legislation

Landrum-Griffin Act (1959) [Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act]» established bill of rights for

union worker» required financial disclosure by

union» set procedures to elect union

officials» provided civil and criminal

procedures to prosecute union financial abuses

Is unionization + or - ?

Wage and Income Management

Fairness vs. costs Unions have established

wage scales and merit pay policies

Fair Labor Standards Act

(1938)» purpose = prevent another

Depression (eliminate poverty, create purchasing power)

» established minimum wage

Wages and Income

Maintenance

Social Security Act (1935)» unemployment compensation» purpose = income

maintenance between jobs» criteria– not a new employee– be able and willing to work– be out of a job through no fault of

their own

» regulations vary by state

Equal Pay Act (1963)» equal pay for equal work (no

discrimination on basis of gender)

» time and a half for >40 hrs/week

Wages and Income

Maintenance

Hours and Schedules of

Work

Fair Labor Standards Act»minimum wage» 40-hour work week or

equivalent» controls employment of minors

Union contracts» negotiate schedules, breaks

State laws vary

Employment Security/ Equal

Employment Opportunity (EEO)

Civil Rights Act (1964)» no discrimination on basis of

race, color, national origin» Title VII: includes action by

employers, employment agencies, labor unions

Title VII extension (1974)» no discrimination on basis of

religion and gender

Employment Security

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967)» protects older workers

(40-70)

Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978)» no discrimination on basis

of pregnancy, childbirth, related medical conditions

Civil Rights Act of 1991» relaxed burden of proof» allowed for damages for

pain and suffering» i.e. more likely that

employees will sue to uphold the law

Employment Security

Employment Security

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990)» no discrimination on basis of

disability IF person is able to do the job with reasonable accommodation

» pre-employment: cannot ask about disability, medical history, physical exam

» can ask about performing certain tasks, require post-interview physical for everyone

Employment Security

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986» illegal to recruit or hire

anyone not legally eligible for U.S. employment

» I-9 form required

Employment Security

Other considerations:» sexual harassment» quotas for hiring– quota = fixed, inflexible % or #

of positions to be filled–Affirmative Action

vs. reverse discrimination

Risks to security:» unemployment» physical impairment» old age

Risks of security?

Employee Services

and Benefits

Health and safety» Occupational Safety and Health

Act (OSHA, 1970)– provide safe working conditions–worker’s compensation insurance

» Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)– allows for unpaid leave for

adoption, care for ill family members

Health insurance» Flexible Benefit plans

Accident insurance

Economic» Social Security Act» pension, retirement» profit-sharing» vacations, holidays, sick leave

Convenience and comfort»morale builders

Employee Services

and Benefits