Lab Reports Spinning(221)
35
Lab Reports YM-211 Practical No: 2 to 12 Submitted To: Sir M. Zubair Sb. Submitted by: Kashif Ali Khan 07-NTU-072 Semester 4 th Section: B NATIONAL TEXTILE
Transcript of Lab Reports Spinning(221)
Lab ReportsYM-211
Practical No: 2 to 12
Submitted To:
Sir M. Zubair Sb.
Submitted by:
Kashif Ali Khan07-NTU-072Semester 4th
Section: BNATIONAL TEXTILE
UNIVERSITY
FAISALABADPractical No: 2
Title: Determination of count of lap and sliver.
OBJECTIVES:To become familer with the method of numbering of lap and sliver in english
system of numbering.
MATERIAL USED:Sample of lap and sliver.
APPARATUS:
Wooden template.
Wrapping drum.
Wrapping reel.
PROCEDURE:
Sliver:
1. First of all , the sample of sliver was taken.
2. With the help of wrapping drum, 6 yards of sliver was measured.
3. The circumference of the wrapping drum was one yard, 6 yards was measured by revolving the wrapping drum 6 times.
4. With the help of weighing balance, the weight of measured length of sliver was calculated.
5. That weight was measured in pounds.
6. Then, number of yards per pound was calculated.
7. Then, count of sliver was calculated by dividing it by 840.
Lap:
1. The sample of lap was taken.
2. With the help of wooden template, one yard of sample lap was measured.
3. Then, with the help of weighing balance the weight of measured length was calculated.
4. Then, number of yards per pound were calculated.
5. Then, the count was calculated by dividing it by 840.OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS FOR SLIVER:
TYPE OF STANDARD WEIGHT NUMBER OF COUNT BY VERIFICATION
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MATERIAL LENGTH OF MATERIAL
/STANDARD LENGTH
YARDS PER POUND
DEFINATION OF COUNT BY FORMULA
SLIVER 6 YARDS 8217 OUNCE 1116.83 0.1390 0.1390
- 6 YARDS
- 6 YARDS
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:
TYPE OF MATERIAL
STANDARD LENGTH OF MATERIAL
WEIGHT /STANDARD
LENGTH
NUMBER OF YARDS PER
POUND
COUNT BY DEFINATION
VERIFICATION BY FORMULA
LAP 1 YARD 12.25 0.0816 0.000097 0.000097
- 1 YARD
- 1 YARD
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Drum should be properly adjusted.
2. It should complete one revolution for 1 yard.
3. The lap or sliver should not be entangled.
4. Sample should be weighted properly.
5. Template plate should be adjusted properly.
6. The sample should be taken according to the boundaries of template plate.
7. It should be weighted properly.
Practical No: 3
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MEAN
MEAN
Title: Determination of count of roving and yarn.
OBJECTIVES:
To become familer with the method of numbering of roving and yarn in english system of numbering.
MATERIAL USED:Sample of roving and yarn.
APPARATUS:
Wrapping drum.
Rappeing reel.
PROCEDURE:
ROVING:
1. First of all, the sample of roving was taken.
2. With the help of wrapping drum, 15 yards were measured.
3. Circumference of the wrapping drum was one yard by revolving it 15 times we get 15 yards.
4. With the help of weighing balance, the weight of measured length of roving was calculated in pounds.
5. Then, number of yards per pound was calculated.
6. Then, the count of roving was calculated.
YARN:
1. The sample of yarn was taken.
2. With the help of rappeing reel, 120 yards were measured.
3. With the help of weighing balance, the weight of measured length was calculated in pounds.
4. Then, number of yards per pound were calculated.
5. Then, count of yarn was calculated.OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS(Roving):
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TYPE OF MATERIAL
STANDARD LENGTH OF MATERIAL
WEIGTH /STANDARD
LENGTH(OUNS)
NO. OF YARDS PER
POUND
COUNT BY DEFINATION
VERIFICATION BY FORMULA
ROVING 15 YARDS 9.13 150 0.892 0.892
- 15 YARDS
- 15 YARDS
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS (Yarn):
TYPE OF MATERIAL
STANDARD LENGTH OF MATERIAL
WEIGHT /STANDARD
LENGTH(OUNS)
NO. OF YARDS PER
POUND
COUNT BY DEFINATION
VERIFICATION BY FORMULA
YARN 120 YARDS 3.28 17142.85 20.40 20.40
- 120 YARDS
- 120 YARDS
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Drum should be properly adjusted.
2. It should complete one revolution for 1 yard.
3. The roving or yarn should not be entangled.
4. Sample should be weighted properly.
5. Rappeing reel plate should be adjusted properly.
6. 120 yards by rappeing reel should be measured properly.
7. It should be weighted properly.
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MEAN
MEAN
Practical No: 4
Title: Inspection of waste extracted by different machines of
spinning department.
NAME OF MACHINES:
1. BLOW ROOM MACHINES:
Purcupin opener. Exiflow machine. Step cleaner machine. Kishner bitter waste. Scutcher machine.
2. CARD MACHINE:
Taker in waste. Cylinder under casing waste. Flate strip waste. Goffer waste.
3. DRAWING FRAME MACHINE.
4. ROVING FRAME MACHINE.
5. RING FRAME MACHINE.
6. WINDING MACHINE.
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Practical No: 5
Title: Calculate the different drafts and draft
count of carding machine
OBJECTIVES:
1. Fiber to fiber opening.
2. Cleaning.
3. Mixing from fiber to fiber.
4. Produce sliver.
EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL:
Drafting machine.
Lap roll.
METHODS OF DRAFTING:
Dispersion drafting method:
Material disperse on roller of machine and drafting in that condition.
Roller drafting method:
Material feed in regular pattern and drafting happened. Bale remains in regular pattern during process.
DRAFT: Increase in length per unit weight is called draft.
OR Decrease in weight per unit length is called draft.
PROCEDURE:
1. First of all, the material was fed on drafting machine which was given.
2. Then, the draft between lap roller and feed roller was calculated (tension draft).
3. For calculating the tension draft, the RPM of feed roller and lap roller and diameter of feed and lap roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
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TENSION DRAFT = surface speed of feed roller/surface speed of lap roller.
D1 = RPM of feed roller * П * diameter of feed roller RPM of lap roller * П * diameter of lap roller
For measuring the RPM of feed and lap roller tecometer was used.
Then, draft between feed roller and doffer was calculated (main draft).
For calculating the main draft, the RPM of doffer and feed roller and diameter of doffer and feed roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
MAIN DRAFT = surface speed of doffer/surface speed of feed roller.
RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer D2 = RPM of feed roller * П * diameter of feed roller
Then, the draft between doffer and calender roller was calculated (tension draft).
For calculating the tension draft, RPM of calender roller and doffer and diameter of calender roller and doffer was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
TENSION DRAFT = surface speed of calender roller/surface speed of doffer.
RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller D3 = RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer
Then, the draft between calender roller and coiler calender was calculated.
For calculating that draft, RPM of coiler calender roller and calender roller and diameter of coiler calender roller and calender roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
D4 = surface speed of coiler calender roller/surface speed of calender roller.
RPM of coiler calender roller * П * diameter of coiler calender roller = RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller
Then, total draft of carding machine was calculated by the formula
TOTAL DRAFT = surface speed of coiler calender roller/surface speed of lap roller
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Then, DCP was calculated.
Then, D.C was calculated by multiplying draft with DCP.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: RPM of feed roller * П * diameter of feed roller Tension draft = D1 = RPM of lap roller * П * diameter of lap roller
D1 =
D1 =
RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer Main draft = D2 = RPM of feed roller * П * diameter of feed roller
D2 =
RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller Tension draft = D3 = RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer
D3 =
RPM of coiler calender roller * П * diameter of coiler calender roller D4 = RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller
D4 =
Total draft = surface speed of coiler calender roller/surface speed of lap roller
=
DCP =
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D.C = draft * DCP.
Practical No: 6
Title: To calculate the cleaning efficiency of
scutcher machine.OBJECTIVES:
To understand the method of determine the cleaning efficiency of cleaning machine of blow room.
EQUIPMENTS:
1. scutcher machine.
2. Shirley analyzer.
3. Feeding material of scutcher machine.
4. Lap material.
5. Weight balance.
PROCEDURE:1. 100 gram sample of feeding material of scutcher machine was selected.
2. The sample material for scutcher machine was taken from 20 – 30 places of feeding material for true representation.
3. Then, the sample was fed in Shirley analyzer and completed the standard method of the machine.
4. Then, trash T5 was collected from trash tray.
5. With the help of weighing balance, the weight of trash was calculated.
6. Then, 100 gram sample was taken from lap role from 20 – 30 places of the lap role for true representation.
7. Then, material was fed in Shirley analyzer and completed the standard method of machine.
8. With the help of weighing balance, the weight of trash was calculated.
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9. Cleaning efficiency of scutcher machine was calculated by the following formula.
10. ( trash in feeding material – trash in lap/weight of trash in feeding material) * 100.
11. Cleaning efficiency of a cleaning machine was calculated by the following formula:
(trash in feeding material – trash in delivered material/trash in feeding material) * 100.
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:
[(4.5 – 4.0)/4.5] * 100
= (0.5/4.5) * 100 = 11.11
PRECAUTIONS:
The sample should be weighted correctly.
The machine should be used carefully.
All trash should be collected in tray.
The value of T5 should be taken every time.
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Practical No: 7
Title: To calculate the different drafts and draft
constant on 3 by 3 drafting system drawing frame machine (roller drafting).
OBJECTIVES:
5. Doubling.
6. Increase the uniformity of sliver.
7. Mixing and blending of fibers.
8. Drafting.
9. Straighting of fibers.
10. Make the fibers parallel.
11. Decrease the weight per yard of the material.
EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL:
3. Drawing frame machine and slivers.
DRAFT:
Increase in length per unit weight is called draft.
OR
Decrease in weight per unit length is called draft.
PROCEDURE:
First of all, the given material was fed on drawing frame machine.
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Then, the draft between assisting roller and back roller was calculated (tension draft).
For calculating the tension draft, the RPM of back draft roller and assisting roller and diameter of back drafting roller and assisting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
TENSION DRAFT = D1 = surface speed of back drafting roller/surface speed of assisting roller.
RPM of back draft roller * П * diameter of back draft roller D1 = RPM of assisting roller * П * diameter of assisting roller
Then, draft between back drafting roller and middle drafting roller was calculated (break draft).
For calculating the break draft, RPM of middle drafting roller and back drafting roller and diameter of middle and back drafting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
BREAK DRAFT = surface speed of middle drafting roller/surface speed of back drafting roller
RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller D2 = RPM of back drafting roller * П * diameter of back drafting roller
Then, the draft between middle drafting roller and front drafting roller was calculated (main draft).
For calculating the main draft, RPM of front and middle drafting roller and diameter of front and middle drafting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
MAIN DRAFT = surface speed of front drafting roller/surface speed of middle drafting roller
RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting roller D3 = RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller
Then, the draft between front drafting roller and calender roller was calculated (front tension draft).
For calculating the front tension draft, RPM of calender and front drafting roller
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and diameter of calender and front drafting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
FRONT TENSION DRAFT = surface speed of calender roller/surface speed of front drafting roller.
RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller D4 = RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting roller
Then, total draft of drafting system machine was calculated.
Then, total draft of drawing frame was calculated.
Then, DCP was calculated.
Then, D.C was calculated by multiplying total draft with DCP.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:
DRAFT BETWEEN ASSISTING ROLLER AND BACK DRAFFTING ROLLER:
RPM of back draft roller * П * diameter of back draft roller D1 = RPM of assisting roller * П * diameter of assisting roller
D1 =
D1=
DRAFT BETWEEN BACK DRAFTING ROLLER AND MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER:
RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller D2 = RPM of back drafting roller * П * diameter of back drafting roller
D2 =
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D2 =
DRAFT BETWEEN MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER AND FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER:
RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting roller D3 = RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller
D3 =
DRAFT BETWEEN FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER AND CALENDER ROLLER:
RPM calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller D4 = RPM front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting roller
D4 =
RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting rollerTotal draft of drafting roller = RPM of back drafting roller * П * diameter of back drafting roller =
Total draft of drawing frame = surface speed of calender roller/surface speed of assisting roller
= D1 * D2 * D3 * D4
=
Draft constant = total draft * DCP.
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Practical No: 8
Title: Investigation of various twist insertion
methods on ring spinning frame.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To become familier with the principle of twisting on ring spinning frame.
2. To calculate the TPI and TPM on ring frame by direct measurement using tachometer.
3. To understand the role of TCP on ring spinning frame.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL:
1. RING SPINNING FRAMES:
MR-3 ring frame.
Howaring frame.
RY-5 spinning frame.
Tachometer.
Calliper.
Measuring tape.
Sample of yarn.
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PROCEDURE:FOR RING FRAME:
With the help of calliper and measuring tape, the diameter of front drafting roller of ring frame was calculated.
With the help of tachometer, the RPM of front drafting roller and spindle was observed.
Then, TPI on ring frame was calculated by the following formula: spindle RPMTPI on ring frame = front roller delivery inch/min.
OR
spindle RPMTPI = RPM of front roller * П * diameter of front roller.
FOR RING FRAME:
Name of machine =
NO. OF OBS. SPINDLE RPM (FLYER RPM)
FRONT ROLLER RPM
FRONT ROLLER DIAMETER
(INCH)
TPI
1
2
3
4
MEAN =
Name of machine =
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NO. OF OBS. SPINDLE RPM (FLYER RPM)
FRONT ROLLER RPM
FRONT ROLLER DIAMETER
(INCH)
TPI
1
2
3
4
MEAN =
Practical No: 9
Title: Investigation of various twist insertion
methods on roving frame.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To become familier with the principle of twisting on roving frame.
4. To calculate the TPI and TPM on roving frame by direct measurement using tachometer.
5. To understand the role of TCP on roving frame.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL:
1. ROVING FRAME:
MS-2-speed frame.
FL-16 roving frame.
Tachometer.
Calliper.
Measuring tape.
Sample of yarn.
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PROCEDURE:
FOR ROVING FRAME:
With the help of calliper and measuring tape the diameter of front drafting roller was calculated.
With the help of tachometer the RPM of front drafting roller and spindle or flyer was observed.
Then, TPI was calculated by the following formula: flyer RPMTPI on roving frame = front roller delivery inch/min.
OR
flyer RPMTPI = RPM of front roller * П * diameter of front roller.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:
FOR ROVING FRAME:
Name of machine =
NO. OF OBS. SPINDLE RPM(FLYER RPM)
FRONT ROLLER RPM
FRONT ROLLER DIAMETER(INCH)
TPI
1
2
3
4
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MEAN =
Practical No: 10
Title: Calculation of twist on ring spinning frame
by drawing twist gearing sketches of the machines.
OBJECTIVES: To understand the method to draw the twist gearing sketch of the ring spinning
frame.
To understand the identification of TCP on ring frame.
To understand the calculations of TPI by gearing sketch of the machines.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL:
Ring spinning frame.
White chalk.
Measure tape.
PROCEDURE:
FOR RING FRAME:
Draw the twist gearing sketch of ring spinning frame by showing the drive from front drafting roller to spindle.
Measured the diameter of front drafting roller.
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Counted the no. of teeth of gears present in the twist gearing sketch of ring spinning frame.
Calculated the TPI by the formula:
spindle RPMTPI on ring frame = front roller RPM * П * diameter of front roller
supposed the front roller RPM was one and calculated the rpm of spindle through twist gearing sketch of ring frame and calculated the TPI and twist constant of ring frame.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:TWIST GEARING SKETCH OF MR-3 RING FRAME:
A
F E B
SPINDLE TAPE
D C
G
SPINDLE WHARVE
diameter of tin roller 1TPI = 1 * A/C * D/E * F/G * * diameter of spindle wharves П * diameter of front roller
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BACK DRAFTING ROLLER
MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER
FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER
=
=
=
Practical No: 11
Title: Calculation of twist on roving frame by
drawing twist gearing sketches of the machines.
OBJECTIVES: To understand the method to draw the twist gearing sketch of the roving frame.
To understand the identification of TCP on roving.
To understand the calculations of TPI by gearing sketch of the machines.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL:
Roving frame.
White chalk.
Measure tape.
PROCEDURE:
FOR ROVING FRAME:
Draw the twist gearing sketch of roving frame, showing the drive from front drafting roller to flyer.
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The diameter of front drafting roller was measured.
The no. of teeth of different gears present in twist gearing sketch was counted.
Then, TPI was calculated by the following formula:o flyer RPM
TPI = front roller RPM * П * diameter of front roller
ratio of rotary speed (flyer and front roller) = П * diameter of front rollerSupposed the front roller rpm as one and calculated the rpm of flyer through twist gearing sketch of roving frame and calculated the TPI at roving frame and calculated the twist constant by multiplying the no. of teeth of TCP with TPI.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:
TWIST GEARING SKETCH OF M.S-2 SPEED FRAME (ROVING FRAME):
A FLYER
B
SPINDLE
C
K D J I E
F H
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BACK DRAFTING ROLLER
MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER
FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER
G
RPM of flyerTPI = RPM of front roller * П * diameter of front roller
Suppose when front roller rotates one revolution through gearing sketch we can calculate the rotation of flyer as: = 1 * A/B * B/C * C/D * E/F * F/G * H/I * J/K. = 1 * A/D * E/G * H/I * J/K.
1 * A/D * E/G * H/I * J/K TPI = 1 * П * diameter of front roller
A
B
C K J L D TCP E
F FLYER G
I H
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BACK DRAFTING ROLLER
3rd DRAFTING ROLLER
2nd DRAFTING ROLLER
FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER
Suppose front roller RPM = 1
then flyer rpm through gearing sketch :
= 1 *A/D * E/F * G/H * I/J * K/L
1 *A/D * E/F * G/H * I/J * K/L TPI = 1 * П * DIAMETER OF FRONT ROLLER
Practical No: 12
Title: Determination of inputs and outputs of
spinning machines.
BLOW ROOM
Input output
CARDING MACHINE
Input output
DRAWING MACHINE
Input output
GINNED COTTON LAP SHEETPROCES
S
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CARDED SLIVER CANSPROCES
S
LAP SHEET
DRAWN SLIVERCARDED SLIVERSPROCES
S
SLIVER LAP MACHINE
Input output
COMBING MACHINE
Input output
DRAWING MACHINE 2
Input output
ROVING MACHINE
Input output
RING SPINNING MACHINE
Input output
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NARRROW LAP SHEET
COMBED SLIVER CANS
NARROW LAP SHEET
DRAWN SLIVERS
COMBED SLIVER CANS
ROVING PACKAGES
DESIRED YARN BOBINS
DRAWN SLIVER CANS
ROVING PACKAGES
DRAWN SLIVER CANS
PROCESS
PROCESS
PROCESS
PROCESS
PROCESS
WINDING MACHINE
Input output
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WINDING PACKAGES
YARN BOBINS PROCESS
