L Physiological changes l Nutrient needs »Focus on calcium l Eating behaviors »Feeding...
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Transcript of L Physiological changes l Nutrient needs »Focus on calcium l Eating behaviors »Feeding...
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Physiological changes Nutrient needs» Focus on calcium
Eating behaviors» Feeding responsibility» Vegetarian choices» Eating disorders
Lifestyle behaviors» Substance use/abuse» Fitness and nutrition» Teen pregnancy
Nutrition during Adolescence
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Physiological Changes during
Puberty
Puberty = period of ________ from childhood to adulthood» Hormonal changes/body
composition triggers?
Physical:» sexual maturation» increased height/weight» body composition nutrition–men: _____ protein, Fe, Zn, Ca–women: _______ menses Fe
» acne
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Psychological Characteristics
Establish
Egocentrism
Imaginary Audience» high self-consciousness
» belief in their special, unique existence
» “It won’t happen to me”
**Health implication =
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Calcium…
45-50% of total bone growth occurs during adolescence
can absorb ____________ as adults
Adequate Intake (AI) is set at ______ mg calcium/day to take advantage of opportunity to build
(9-18 years old) High ___________ intake is
a concern
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…and Other Nutrients
Adolescents are generally low in
Protein: they get ~2 times more than needed
Zinc: needed for
bioavailability increases Fiber: 0.5 g/kg body
weight; keep < 35 g total V.C:
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Eating Behaviors
Teens will take increasing responsibility for their food choices
They still probably need _______ (25-33% of intake)
Skipping breakfast/meals is common but unhealthy
Influences on eating behaviors:
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Eating Behaviors
Teens will take increasing responsibility for their food choices…»may choose “alternative” eating
patterns» greater risk for eating disorders
Vegetarians: start puberty shorter, leaner, and later but no differences eventually» Concern for
» higher prevalence of (using vegetarianism as a cover, not as a result of vegetarianism)
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Types of Vegetarian Diets
Macrobiotic
Fruitarians
Vegan Lacto-ovo
Lacto-ovo-pollo Pesco
Macrobiotic
Fruitarians
Vegan Lacto-ovo
Lacto-ovo-pollo Pesco
Only a few plant foods
Dried fruit, nuts, honey
No animal foods Plants + milk,
eggs ditto + poultry Plants + fish
(+ milk, eggs…)
Type Foods eaten
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Protein Complementation
legumes
vegetables
corn
grains
nuts and seeds
legumes
vegetables
corn
grains
nuts and seeds
met
met
trp, lys
lys, thr
lys
Food sourceLimiting
amino acid
met = methionine thr = threonine
lys = lysine trp = tryptophan
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Nutritional Concerns of
Vegetarian Diets
Macrobiotic
Fruitarians
Vegan
Others
Macrobiotic
Fruitarians
Vegan
Others
*vit. C, calcium, protein…*
*energy, protein, minerals…*
vitamin B12!, calcium, zinc, iron, vit. D
probably okay
Type Nutrients at risk
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Eating Disorders
Food itself is not the primary problem; food is a symptom of serious distress.
Early detection is crucial for recovery.
Help is available. Multidisciplinary treatment works best.
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Prevention
Discourage
Downplay _________; promote healthful behavior
Promote eating when
Do not use food as Teach proper nutrition and
healthy weight approaches
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Adolescents and Athletics
________is the nutrient of primary concern for athletes in general
________ is a performance and a health risk» replace
for every pound lost in sweat
Protein: +6-7 g/day (____% of kcal)»More = high fat intake; delayed
digestion, absorption; greater dehydration risk
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Adolescents and Athletics
Energy is primary for still-growing adolescent athletes» Boys: maintain» Girls: maintain
Concern = athletes who manipulate weight
Anabolic steroids increase bulk, but also stunt growth and pose health risk
Long-term effects of ___________ are unknown
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Female Athlete Triad
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Prevention
Support adolescents through puberty: recognize
Teach that ______ = better athletic performance
Encourage healthy attitudes from
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Adolescent Pregnancy
High risk pregnancies due to immaturity:
Gynecological age = time from onset of __________» < ______ indicates greater risk» less time from completion of
puberty means less
» e.g. ________» involve _______ if possible
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Risks to the Mother
bleeding (1st, 3rd trimesters)
__ difficult» cephalopelvic __________
pregnancy-induced hypertension
infections psychological/social
development
mortality: 2.5x greater!
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perinatal and neonatal
*» babies weigh less than those of
adult mothers with same weight gain
» will covering normal gain help? risk of risk of life with parent(s) who have
____________ skills life with one parent only;
living below the
Risks to the Baby