KỸ THUẬT MÔI TRƯỜNG

K THUT MI TRNGO NHIM KHONG KH

NHIM KHNG KHKhong kh gom 78,09% tt N2; 20,94% tt O2; 1-4% tt hi nc; 0,03% tt CO2; cac kh tr khac nh Xe, He, H2.Theo TCVN 5966-1995, o nhiem khong kh la s co mat cua cac chat trong kh quyen sinh ra t hoat ong cua con ngi hoac cac qua trnh t nhien va neu nong o u ln va thi gian u lau chung se anh hng en s thoai mai, de chu, sc khoe hoac li ch cua ngi hoac moi trng.oi vi moi trng khong kh trong nha can phai ke them cac yeu to vi kh hau nh nhiet o, o am, bc xa, gio

NGUN GC Nguon t nhien:- Kh, bui thoat ra t nui la, chay rng. Cac khoang chat co tnh phong xa trong tanga quyen do tac ong bi cac tia vu tru phat tan vao moi trng khong kh thong quacac hoat ong t nhien cua lp vo trai at.- Gio, bao mang bui va keo muoi t bien hay t at lien di chuyen en cac vung khactren trai at.- San pham cua cac phan ng hoa hoc trong t nhien: trong kh quyen, cac phan nghoa hoc luon luon dien ra, ngay trong tang khong kh thap sat mat at, cac kh hay hicung luon luon chuyen hoa thanh chat ran, chat long nh cac qua trnh oxy hoa hayong ac. Trong tang kh quyen cao hn, cac chat kh chuyen hoa hoa hoc do phanng quang hoa- Mui sinh ra do s phan huy t nhien cua cac chat hu c - phan hoa, vi khuan, nam moc

NGUN GC Nguon nhan tao:- Giao thong van tai. Cac phng tien giao thong van tai khi hoat ong thai vao khong kh t 150-200 chat, trong o co cac chat o nhiem chu yeu la bui, cac kh oxit cacbon, hydrocacbon, ch - San xuat cong nghiep. Cac nganh cong nghiep phat trien i kem vi o nhiem khong kh nh: san xuat phan bon, hoa chat, luyen kim, hoa dau, giay, cong nghiep thuoc da, Phan ln kh thai sinh ra do ot cac san pham dau mo vi cac chat o nhiem la CO2, CO, NOx, SO2 Moi nam lung kh CO2 sinh ra do ot nhien lieu thai vao kh quyenen tren 5 t tan, ong thi toc o gia tang hang nam la 0,5%.

CC CHT NHIM C TRNG

NGUN GCO nhiem khong kh trong nha.- Nguon o nhiem do sinh hoat cua con ngi chu yeu la bep un va lo si s dung cac nhien lieu than, cui, dau la, kh ot- Cac san pham tao ieu kien tien nghi cho cuoc song cua con ngi cung tao ra cacchat o nhiem khong kh: s dung chat tay ra, thuoc xt kh mui, sn vecni, keodan, thuoc nhuom, thuoc uon toc, hi dung moi hu c nh axeton (CH3COCH3),formaldehyt (HCHO)...; may photocopy sinh kh ozon (O3); khu vc nha xe, niau xe may se phat thai vao khong kh hi xang dau la cac hp chat hu c- Cac sinh hoat ca nhan nh hut thuoc sinh ra bui va cac kh monoxit cacbon (CO),nicotin Khoi thuoc la la chat o nhiem ln nhat trong cac moi trng kn nh trongoto, tau hoa, ca hang, trong lp hoc, phong lam viec- Cac chat o nhiem khong kh sinh ra do phan huy chat thai sinh hoat t ao, ho,cong ranh, be t hoai hoac t cac thung cha rac, bo rac chu yeu la metan (CH4),sunfua hydro (H2S), amoniac (NH3), mui hoi thoi cua ca, tht n .

NGUN GC Phan loai nguon o nhiem theo tnh chat phat thai Nguon ng: cac con ng danh cho cac phng tien giao thong van tai nh ng bo danh cho xe may, o to; ng xe la cho tau hoa; ng thuy, ng hang khong.Giao thong van tai la mot trong nhng nguon o nhiem khong kh chnh o th.Chung tao ra cac chat o nhiem khong kh gom bui, oxit cacbon (CO, CO2), dioxit lu huynh (SO2), oxit nit (NOx), hydrocacbon, tetraetyl ch. Bui sinh ra do cuon at cat t ng khi lu thong va bui sinh ra trong khoi thai cua xe. Nguon iem: ong khoi cua cac nguon ot rieng le, bai cha chat thai,... Nguon vung: trong khu cong nghiep tap trung nhieu nha may co ong thai kh, ng o to noi thanh, nha ga, cang, san bay...

PHN LOI CHT NHIM KHNG KHDa vao trang thai vat l Ran: bui, khoi; phan hoa, nam men, nam moc, bao t thc vat; Long: sol long hay kh nh sng mu; Kh va hi: oxit cacbon (COx), oxit nit (NOx), dioxit lu huynh (SO2) O nhiem vat ly: on, nhiet, phong xa

PHN LOI CHT NHIM KHNG KHDa vao s hnh thanh Chat o nhiem s cap: la chat trc tiep t nguon o nhiem thai vao khong kh. Chat o nhiem th cap: chat sau khi ra khoi nguon b thay oi cau tao hoa hoc do tac ong quang hoa hay hoa ly. Nh kh ozon (O3), sunfuar (SO3),

PHN LOI CHT NHIM KHNG KHDa vao kch thc hat phan t (hon hp kh - hi) va aerosol (gom cac hat ran, long). Aerosol c chia thanh bui, khoi, sng. Bui la cac hat ran co kch thc t 5 en 50 m. Khoi la cac hat ran co kch thc t 0,1 en 5 m. Sng bao gom cac giot long co kch thc t 0,3 en 5 m va c hnh thanh do ngng tu hi hoac khi phun chat long vao khong kh

Tiu chun cht lng mi trng khng kh

Tieu chuan moi trng la nhng chuan mc, gii han cho phep, c quy nh dung lamc s phap ly e quan ly moi trng (kiem tra, kiem soat moi trng, x ly cac vi pham moi trng va anh gia tac ong moi trng)

Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng mi trng khng kh

Tieu chuan chat lng moi trng khong kh bao gom: Quy chuan chat lng moi trng khong kh xung quanh QCVN 05:2009. Quy chuan k thut quc gia v chat lng khong kh xung quanh. QCVN 06:2009. Quy chuan k thut quc gia v mot so chat oc hai trong khong kh xung quanh. Tieu chuan chat lng moi trng khong kh tai khu vc san xuat hoac nha may, x nghiep co nguon o nhiem c xac nh trong pham vi tng rao cua c s. Tieu chuan ve sinh lao ong.

Tiu chun cht lng mi trng khng kh

Tieu chuan chat lng moi trng nguon thai: oi vi kh thai t ong khoi cua nha may, t ong xa cua xe TCVN 5939-1995. Chat lng khong kh - Tieu chuan kh thai cong nghiep oi vi bui va cac chat vo c. QCVN 20:2009. Quy chuan k thut quc gia v kh thai cong nghiep oi vi mt s chat hu c. TCVN 6438:1998. Chat lng khong kh kh thai phng tien giao thong ng bo.

CC K THUT BO V MI TRNG KHNG KH Giam thieu kh thai Giam thieu o nhiem tai nguon Kiem soat qua trnh chay X ly chat thai

Phat tan o nhiem

GIM THIU KH THI Giam thieu o nhiem tai nguon Giam thieu o nhiem do giao thong van tai

Nang cao chat lng ng giao thong se giam c bui boc len khi co xe lu thong, giam s bao mon lop xe tren mat ng va sinh bui. Giam so lan dngxe va tang toc o xe se giam lng phat thai kh o nhiem. Ap dung phng phap ve sinh ng pho ung, bui c thu gom. Thay nhien lieu. S dung xang khong ch cho cac xe gan may hai banh. Thay dau diesel bang hon hp 40% metan (CH4) va kh hoa long (LG). Hien nay, ngi ta ang chu y en cac nhien lieu mi la metanol, etanol, kh t nhien, propan va hydro.


Nang cao chat lng ong c. S dung xe co tieng on di 70 dB, dung ong c 4 th thay cho ong c 2 th. S dung kieu ong c nap ien nhieu tang thc hien qua trnh ot nhieu bac. Kiem soat he thong thai cua xe. Cac xe lu thong phai co bo phan x ly kh thai nham giam lng bui va kh o nhiem thoat ra ngoai. Cai tien bo phan nay cung mang lai hieu qua giam lng chat o nhiem ang ke. Bo phan x ly kh thai thc hien nguyen ly phan ng quay vong kh thai va trao oi xuc tac e tiep tuc oxy hoa monoxit cacbon (CO), hydrocacbon va oxit nit (NOx).


Quy hoach mang li giao thong cong cong thuan li, giam lng xe hai banh ca nhan. S dung phng tien giao thong cong cong nham giam tong lng phat thai o nhiem do giam tong quang ng di chuyen. Quy hoach ng giao thong: trong cay xanh hai ben ng hoac cac tng chan bui, chan am.

GIM THIU KH THI Giam thieu o nhiem tai nguon Giam thieu o nhiem do san xuat cong nghiep

Quy hoach khu cong nghiep. Tnh toan d bao tac ong cua cong trnh oi vi moi trng am bao khi a nha may vao hoat ong th nong o chat thai cua no cong vi nong o o nhiem nen cua khu vc khong c vt tieu chuan cho phep. Bo tr nha may cuoi hng gio chnh. Cach li khu cong nghiep vi khu dan c bang vanh ai xanh. Kch thc vung cach li cong nghiep xac nh bang khoang cach t nguon thai en khu dan c va c xac nh am bao nong o chat o nhiem tai khu dan c khong vt tieu chuan cho phep. Bo tr cac cong trnh trong mat bang chung cua khu cong nghiep yeu cau am bao thong thoang cac cong trnh, han che hay loai tr s lan truyen chat o nhiem t cong trnh nay sang cong trnh khac,khong gay o nhiem cho ban than nha may.


Trong cay xanh. - Cay xanh giam bc xa nhiet, giam nhiet o khong kh v tao be mat trao oi nhiet ln, can gio, nang cao chat lng moi trng do tac dung tang o am, tang lng oxy trong khong kh ong thi giam nong o bui va hap thu cac chat oc trong khong kh va di at. Ngoai ra, cay xanh con hap thu tieng on, ngan can s lan truyen on ra xung quanh. - To chc he thong cay xanh trong thanh pho gom cac he thong vanh ai cay xanh mat nc xung quanh thanh pho co chc nang ieu hoa kh hau, cung cap khong kh sach, chan gio, tang gia tr thang canh; vanh ai cay xanh cach ve sinh oi vi khu cong nghiep va ng giao thong; he thong cong vien; cay trong hang rao cong trnh.


Giam thieu lng nhien lieu hien dung: - Tang hieu suat s dung nhien lieu bang cac bien phap cai tien cong nghe, am bao van hanh ung quy trnh ky thuat. - Giam tieu hao nang lng bang cac bien phap tang cng cach nhiet, nang cao hieu suat chieu sang dan dung va ng pho, nang cao hieu suat cac ong c. - S dung nguon nang lng sach nh nang lng mat tri, nang lng gio, thuy ien, a nhiet, nang lng nguyen t e giam s nhiet nhien lieu than dau cap cho nhiet ien.


Giam thieu chat thai cong nghiep: - Dung nhien lieu co lng lu huynh thap hay giam bt ham lng lu huynh trc khi ot. - Cai tien qua trnh ot e giam chat thai. Trong o, chu y en cac chat o nhiem la bui, SOx, NOx, CO. Cac bien phap nh a neu phan tren.

Ap dung cac phng phap x ly trc khi thai.

KIM SOT QU TRNH CHY

Qua trnh chay cua nhien lieu la qua trnh oxy hoa nhanh nhiet o cao. Chat chay trong nhien lieu chu yeu la cacbon (C), hydro (H) va mot so chat khac tham gia phan ng chay nh nit (N), lu huynh (S)

Chat oxy hoa trong phan ng la oxy (O2) c cap vao vung chay t khong kh.

KIM SOT QU TRNH CHY

Qua trnh chay trong lo ot phai am bao cac yeu to sau.

- Chat chay va chat oxy hoa phai tiep xuc tot vi nhau.

- Ty le chat oxy hoa va chat ot phai phu hp (1 so vi lng can thiet, tnh theo phng trnh lng hoa hoc).

- Nhiet o u cao e chay het cac thanh phan nhien lieu va khong sinh ra cac chat o nhiem oc hai ac biet.

- The tch buong ot phai u ln, am bao thi gian lu cua nhien lieu trong lo e chay hoan toan.

KIM SOT QU TRNH CHY

ot chat kh Chat chay va chat oxy hoa eu the kh, nen qua trnh nay la chay ong the (chay trong the tch). Nhien lieu chay ngay khi hoa tron kh ot vi khong kh. Chat lng kh chay c quyet nh do ty le hoa tron hp ly gia kh ot va oxy khong kh va ieu kien hoa tron chung. Lng khong kh vao khong u, thieu oxy kh chay khong hoan toan, nhiet o buong ot giam.

KIM SOT QU TRNH CHY ot chat long Nhien lieu dang long, nen e ot chung can phan tan chung thanh dang giot long hoac phun sng (phun bui). Tac nhan bien bui la khong kh nen, hi nc ap suat cao hay khong kh t quat li tam cao ap. Chat bien bui co ap cao pha v o ben vng cua dong chat long lam cho chung b chia nho thanh bui. Sau khi dong long a bien bui, e tao s chay thanh ngon la can qua cac giai oan: - Hoa tron gia bui nhien lieu va oxy cua khong kh. - Say nong hon hp va chat long boc hi. - Phan huy cac hp chat hydrocacbon. Qua trnh nay tao cac hat muoi than. - Phan ng chay dien ra.

KIM SOT QU TRNH CHY ot chat long

Khi ot nhien lieu ran, qua trnh chay d the xay ra gia mot chat ran va chat kh (oxy khong kh), ong thi co qua trnh chay ong the gia hai chat kh la chat boc hi va oxy khong kh.

KIM SOT QU TRNH CHY Qua trnh chay cua nhien lieu ran trong buong ot : au tien khi than c nung en mot nhiet o nhat nh (oi vi than la khoang 200oC), chat boc c thoat ra khoi than nh kh hydro (H2), monoxit cacbon (CO), metan (CH4), hydrocacbon (CnHm) hoa tron vi oxy va chay au tien. Khi ket thuc qua trnh chay cua chat boc th cacbon bat au tiep xuc vi oxy va chay. Qua trnh chay cua cacbon sinh ra cac kh o nhiem la CO va CO2 do cac phan ng sau. C + O2 = CO2. 2C + O2 = 2CO. C + CO2 = 2CO. C + H2O = CO2 + 2H2. CO + O2 = 2CO2. Mot so gia thuyet cho la CO va CO2 a xuat hien ong thi theo phan ng sau: C + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 2CO.

GiM THIU NHIM T QU TRNH T

Giam thieu ham lng bui trong khoi thai Khi nhien lieu c nung nong en 500-600oC, hydrocacbon phc tap b phan huy thanh hp chat n gian. Khi nhiet o cao hn 600oC th hydrocacbon lai tao thanh hydrocacbon nang, cao phan t, hay bo hong. Thi gian lu cua hon hp kh bui trong vung ot phai u th chung mi kp chay hoan toan.

Giam thieu lng CO trong khoi thai Lng oxy cung cap cho qua trnh chay khong u se lam tang thanh phan kh CO trong khoi thai. Nhiet o vung chay giam hay ap suat buong ot giam lam tang lng kh CO sinh ra. CO la hp chat rat ben, s oxi hoa CO thanh CO2 trong ieu kien t nhien xay ra sau 4 5 nam. nhiet o cao hn 700oC CO mi b oxi hoa bang oxi trong khong kh thanh CO2.

GiM THIU NHIM T QU TRNH T

Giam thieu lng NOx trong khoi thai NOx hnh thanh trong khoi thai chu yeu do oxi hoa nit trong nhien lieu (nit nhien lieu), va mot phan do oxi hoa nit t khong kh chay (nit nhiet, nhiet o cao > 1100 oC). e tiet kiem nhien lieu va giam lng NOx can giam lng khong kh chay, ha nhiet o trong buong ot bang cac bien phap: ot hai bac, tang cng xao tron, tuan hoan kh chay.

GiM THIU NHIM T QU TRNH T Ket cau mo ot. Mo ot co ket cau cho phep tuan hoan kh chay. S tuan hoan co the thc hien do t nhien nh dong kh chay chuyen ong vi van toc cao tao ap suat am nen dong kh c tuan hoan mot phan. Do tuan hoan, nhien lieu c kh hoa nhanh va giam nhiet o chay. Lng khong kh khong u va nhiet o thap nen lng NOx hnh thanh giam. Tuan hoan do cng bc thc hien c nh quat thoi khong kh va kh chay vao mo ot. Hieu qua giam NOx en 30-35%. Mo ot tang cng xao tron nhien lieu va khong kh. Khong kh vao mo ot theo hai dong. Nhien lieu c tron trc vi dong khong kh th nhat trong mo ot va chay buong ot. Qua trnh chay nhiet o cao dien ra nhanh, nen NOx cha kp tao thanh vi khoi lng ln. Phan cha chay se c ot tiep vi dong khong kh th hai co xao tron trc. Trong lo, hon hp kh nong va khong kh tron cham, ngon la keo dai va nguoi, lng NOx giam.

GiM THIU NHIM T QU TRNH T Giam thieu SOx trong kh thai e giam lng SOx trong kh thai co the thc hien cac bien phap kiem soat trc khi ot va cac phng phap ot x ly lu huynh oxit ngay trong lo. Thay the nhien lieu la than bang dau se giam c lng phat thai SOx do ham lng lu huynh trong than (2 - 7% khoi lng) ln hn trong dau ( 3% khoi lng). Ngoai ra, ong thi nhiet tr cua dau (khoang 10.000 kCal/kg) cao hn cua than (khoang 7.000 kCal/kg) nen lng dau s dung se thap hn. Ky thuat ot than bang gian ghi hoa long co gia tr lam sach kh thai ln va tang hieu qua ot than. Than c nghien nho tron vi bot a vi thanh huyen phu va c phun vao ay lo ot gian ghi cung vi khong kh. Lu huynh oxit tao thanh trong qua trnh ot se phan ng vi voi e tao thanh canxi sunfat ran va ri xuong ay lo nung. T le tach lu huynh bang phng phap nay co the at cao hn 90%.

PHT TN NHIMViec x l kh thai at en nong o cho phep trong moi trng xung quanh b han che bi ieu kien k thuat va neu ve mat k thuat thc hien c th ve mat kinh te se vo cung ton kem, v vay kh thai thng c x l en nong o cho phep (c quy nh bi luat phap) roi phat tan vao kh quyen qua ong khoi cao. S phat tan o nhiem la s pha loang chat o nhiem trong kh quyen. ong lc cua qua trnh la do chuyen ong cua dong chat thai va dong khong kh trong kh quyen, s chenh lech nhiet o va s chenh lech nong o chat o nhiem trong dong thai vi khong kh xung quanh.

PHT TN NHIMBn cht: s pha loang chat o nhiem trong kh quyen. ong lc: do chuyen ong cua dong chat thai va dong khong kh trong kh quyen, s chenh lech nhiet o va nong o chat o nhiem trong dong thai vi khong kh xung quanh. Y ngha: Van chuyen chat o nhiem, lam giam nong o chat o nhiemng dung: Tnh toan chieu cao ong thai

PHT TN NHIMCc yu t anh hng n s pht tn cht nhim

CC YU T NH HNG N VIC PHT TN CHT NHIMGi

K THUT X L NHIM KHNG KHHp th khHp ph khThiu t kh thiPhng php khc

HP TH KHNguyn tc c bn: to s tip xc gia dng kh cha cc cht nhim v cc ht dung dch hp th Cc ht hp th thng c phun ra vi kch thc nh v mt ln. Cc cht nhim c tch ra bng vic ha tan trong cht lng hp th hoc xy ra phn ng ha hc gia cht nhim v dung dch hp th.Trong ky thuat hap thu, dng kh thng c cho i ngc chiu vi cc ht dung dch hapthu vi tc hp l, thng thng ngi ta thng chn vn tc ny trong khong 1,0 2,5 m/s.

HP TH KHQuy trnh hp th hi kh c l qu trnh xy ra phn ng ha hc gia hi kh c vi cht hp th c cht mi vi thuc tnh mi. V d : Qu trnh hp th SO2 bng nc vi.SO2 + Ca ( OH )2 = CaSO3 + H2O

HP TH KHCht hp th hi kh c a phn l th lng c phun thnh git nh vo dng kh thi hay chy trn trn b mt lp vt liu rng ca lp m, C rt t trng hp cht hp th th rn v phn ng ha hc ch xy ra c trn b mt ca ht vt liu v sau phn ng dng li

HP TH KHHiu qu ca qu trnh hp th ph thuc vo cc yu t: i lc ho hc ca cht phn ng. Tc v thi gian dng kh i qua thit b. Tng din tch b mt tip xc ca kh thi vi dung dch phun

HP TH KHCht kh c c quan tm nhiu nht hin nay l SO2 trong kh thi. C mt vi quy trnh nh sau:Dng sa vi hp thu SO2 ta to ra sunfit canxi. a hn hp ny qua b oxy ha to ra thch cao CaSO4 . 2H2O.Dng dung dch xt hp th SO2 v ti sinh dung dch xt bng vi hay CaCO3.

HP TH KH

HP PH KH-Hap phu kh la da tren c s cac kh b cac chat ran hap ph-No c thc hien khi cac phan t hoac nguyen t can hap phu c tap trung ch tren be mat cua chat ran hoac trong cac mao quan cua chat ran.-Hap phu kh da tren nguyen tac dong kh tiep xuc trc tiep khi chuyen ong xuyen qua lp chat ran hap phu cha trong mot thiet b. -Chat hap phu co the la nhng chat ma co tnh chat ly hoc hoac hoa hoc t nhien, v du than hoat tnh, cac hat xilicagen

HP PH KHCHT HP PHNhom hoat tnh, silicagen, phan t rong (chat tong hp, silicat, zeolit) se hap thu hi nc t trong hon hp hi nc va chat o nhiem hu c. Alumin va silicagen c dung trong cong nghiep nh la mot chat hut am. Boxit c dung e x ly hi dau mo va hut am. Than hoat tnh thch hp hap phu hp chat hu c khong phan cc, cac phan t nc th co tnh phan cc cao tao ra sc hut manh cho tng phan t, tao ra mot s tac ong lan nhau tren be mat phan t cac bon khong phan cc.Ket qua la mot lng ln cac phan t hu c phan cc kem b hap phu bi cacbon.Than hoat tnh la loai c dung thong dung nhat e hap phu cac hi chat hu c hoa tan (than hoat tnh hoac than cui c tao ra t viec ot thieu kh nhiet o cao, nh vay phan t cac bon ch chay theo cach tao ra cau truc rong trong phan t va tao nen mot dien tch be mat rong ln). Than hoat tnh la chat c s dung lam chat hap phu nhieu nhat.

HP PH KH

THIU T KH THIe cho qua trnh chay c hoan toan, phai co u: - lng oxy cung cap cho qua trnh chay, - nhiet o, - s xao tron, - thi gian chay phu hp.

THIU T KH THI

KIM SOT BI- Phng phap loc bui kho;- Phng phap loc bui t;- Phng phap loc bui bang tnh ien

KIM SOT BI1/ Tnh chat cua bui: Kch c, hnh dang, mat o, o am, tnh hut am (tc la tnh hap thu hoac hut hi nc), tnh dan ien, tnh chay, tnh an mon, o mai mon va tnh oc cua bui.2/ Tnh chat cua dong kh mang bui: Nhiet o, o cha am, tnh an mon, tnh chay, ap suat, o am tng oi, mat o, tnh dnh, tnh dan ien va tnh oc cua dong kh co mang theo hat bui.3/ Cac tieu chuan thai cua nha nc ban hanh.4/ Yeu to phat sinh: Toc o sa lang cua bui theo kch thc hat bui, lu lng dong kh, nong o bui, tnh chat hoat ong cua nguon lien tuc hay gian oan, hieu qua mong muon.5/ Yeu to kinh te: Chi phi lap at, van hanh, duy tu bao dng.6/ Hieu qua thu bui: Kch c hat bui co trong dong kh la rat quan trong cho kha nang thu bui cua thiet b thu bui, hay hieu qua thu bui phu thuoc kch c hat bui va o phan tan. V du, vi loai bui ln co the co hieu qua tot vi cac loai thiet b s dung lc trong trng v du buong lang bui, trai lai vi thiet b loc bui tui vai th thch hp vi cac hat bui nho nhng lai nhanh b bt kn hn la vi nhng hat bui ln.

KIM SOT BIPhng phap loc bui khoPhng phap loc bui kho thng dung e thu hoi cac loai bui co the tan dung lai hoac tai che. V du cac loai bui thuoc tay, cam, bui go Cac thiet b s dung trong phng phap loc kho bao gom: buong lang bui, xyclon, loc tui vai va thiet b quan tnh.

LC BI KHBuong lang buiLa mot buong kn trong o van toc dong kh cha hat bui giam ti mot gia tr nao o, u e cho cac hat bui, hat sng lang tach ra khoi dong kh bang trong lc. Thiet b nay hau het co hieu qua vi nhng hat bui tho (kch thc ln hn 40 m), kch thc hat cang ln th hieu qua cang cao.

LC BI KH

LC LY TMLc ly tm l lc pht sinh khi vt th tham gia vo mt chuyn ng quay. Lc ly tm c xu hng y vt th i ra xa tm quay. ln ca lc ly tm t l thun vi trng lng vt th v tc quay quanh trc ca vt th.

LC LY TM

LC BI KHHe thong loc tui vaiHe thong nay bao gom nhng tui vai hoac tui si an lai, dong kh co lan bui c hut vao trong ong nh mot lc hut cua quat ly tam. Nhng tui nay c an lai hoac che tao cho kn mot au. Hon hp kh bui i vao trong tui, ket qua la bui c gi lai trong tui

LC BI KH

LC TNH INThiet b lang tnh ien la s dung mot hieu ien the cc cao e tach bui, hi, sng, khoi khoi dong kh. Co bon bc c ban c thc hien la:- Dong ien lam cac hat bui b ion hoa;- Chuyen cac ion bui t cac be mat thu bui bang lc ien trng;- Trung hoa ien tch cua cac ion bui lang tren be mat thu;- Tach bui lang ra khoi be mat thu. Cac hat bui co the c tach ra bi mot ap lc hay nh ra sach.

LC TNH IN

LC BI TNguyen tac cua phng phap loc bui t la ngi ta cho dong khong kh co cha bui tiep xuc trc tiep vi dung moi (thng la nc). Qua trnh tiep xuc co the dang hat (khi nc c phun thanh cac hat nc co kch thc nho va mat o cao); dang be mat khi thiet b co s dung lp em (nc chay tren cac be mat vat lieu em); dang bot kh khi s dung thap sui bot hoac thap mam. Cac hat bui co the ket dnh lai vi nhau va b gi lai trong dung moi nh c che va ap, tiep va khuech tan con dong khong kh sach se i ra khoi thiet b.

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