Kuliah-3

Jenis-jenis dan Efisiensi Komplesi(2 SKS)

Dosen : Ir Andry Halim MMDosen : Ir. Andry Halim, MMUniversitas Trisakti

2012

What is Completion ?pCompletions are the interface between the reservoir and surface production.

Th l f h l i d i i k ll h h b d ill d d i i f dThe role of the completion designer is to take a well that has been drilled and convert it into a safe and

efficient production or injection conduit. This does not mean that the completion always has tubing,

A Christmas tree or any other piece of equipment.

I it f l b ibl t d h l d th th i HIn some areas,it may,for example,be possible to produce open hole and then up the casing. However,as

we venture into more hostile areas such as deep water or the arctic,the challenges mount and

completions,by necessity, become more complex.

Completion design is a mix of physics chemistry mathematics engineering geology hydraulics materialCompletion design is a mix of physics,chemistry,mathematics, engineering, geology, hydraulics, material

science and practical hands-on wellsite experience.

The best completion engineers will be able to balance the theoretical with the practical.

However there is a strong role for those who prefer the more theoretical aspectsHowever, there is a strong role for those who prefer the more theoretical aspects.

Conversely,an engineer who can manage contracts, logistics, multiple service companies,the detailed

workings of specialised pieces of equipment and a crew of 50 is invaluable.

Some completion engineers work on contract or directly with the oil and gas companies Other engineersSome completion engineers work on contract or directly with the oil and gas companies.Other engineers

work with the service companies,and a detailed knowledge of their own equipment is invaluable.

What is Completion ?p

Safety in Well Completions y p

Well Barrier

Team Integrationg

Data Sources for Completion Design

Oil and Gas Well Completions

Types of Completion Types of Completion

Type of CompletionType of Completion

Completion Design FactorsCompletion Design Factors Principal completion design factor include:Principal completion design factor include:

Casing protection e g protection against erosion corrosion e.g., protection against erosion, corrosion

Tubing string removal e g for replacement or workovere.g., for replacement or workover

Safety or contingency e.g., requirements for safety valves and well kille.g., requirements for safety valves and well kill

Production control e.g., components providing flexibility and control of g , p p g y

production (nipples, profiles and sliding sleeves

Basic Production Configurations Majority of completions are based on the

following completion configurationsg p g Reservoir interface

Openhole Casing production Liner production Gravel pack wellboreGravel pack wellbore

Production conduit Suspended tubing Basic packer Packer and tailpipe Packer with additional safety and production devicesPacker with additional safety and production devices

Open Hole Prod ctionKey points

Open Hole Production Key points

No downhole flow control or isolation

Producing formation is unsupported

Casing provides isolation between shallower formations

Casing Prod ctionCasing Production Key pointsKey points

No downhole flow control or isolationcontrol or isolation

Casing provides isolation betweenisolation between shallower formations with potential for remedial work to isolate sections ofisolate sections of perforated interval

Liner Prod ctionLiner Production

Key points Similar to casing

production but ith ll ( dwith smaller (and

shorter) tubulars set through theset through the reservoir

Gra el Pack WellboreGravel Pack Wellbore

Key points Special application Special application

- requirement determined by yformation type

May require special operation (underreaming) d i llduring well construction phase

Gra el Pack ScreensGravel Pack - Screens

Wire wrapped screen

Prepacked screen

Gravel pack screen types

Simple T bing CompletionSimple Tubing Completion

Key features Circulation capability

(well kill or kick-off) Improves hydraulic

performanceLi it d t ti Limited protection for casing

Basic Packer CompletionBasic Packer Completion Key featuresKey features

Circulation capabilitycapability (determined by design and setting g gof packer)

Casing string protected from fluid and pressure effectseffects

Packer ith TailpipePacker with Tailpipe Key featuresKey features

Additional flexibility for downholefor downhole production (flow)control, e.g., ( ) gplugs

Facility for downhole instruments (ga ges)(gauges)

Enhanced Packer InstallationEnhanced Packer Installation Key features Key features

Improved flexibility for downhole productiondownhole production control, e.g., plugs above or below packerabove or below packer

Circulation capability independent of packerp p

Safety facility (SSSV)

Completion Examplesp p The following completion examples are

extracted from design files for:extracted from design files for: Single zone completions Multiple zone completions Multiple zone completions Liner completions

Special completions Special completions Sand control Inhibitor injectionInhibitor injection Waterflood Thermal Remedial (scab liner)

Single Zone Retrievable PackerSingle Zone Retrievable Packer

Key Features Tail-pipe facility for pressure and Tail-pipe facility for pressure and

temperature gauges Fully retrievable completionFully retrievable completion Packer can be set with well

flanged upflanged up Thru-tubing perforation possible

where size permitsp

Single Zone Seal Bore PackerSingle Zone Seal-Bore Packer

Key Features Seal-bore packer set on Seal-bore packer set on

electric-line or tubing On-off connector and tubing

h ll t bi t banchor allows tubing to be retrieved

Tailpipe plugged and left inTailpipe plugged and left in wellbore or retrieved with production tubing

Single Zone Packer and gTailpipe

Key Features Tailpipe plugged and left in

wellbore when production tubing i t i dis retrieved

Permits safe thru-tubing perforatingperforating

Block and kill system facilitates the killing of high pressure highthe killing of high-pressure, high-flowrate wells

Single Zone Casing Seal g gReceptacle

Key Features Expansion joint allows for

tubing movement Tailpipe retrievable

(separately) Protective sleeve run in

CSR during primary and di l tiremedial cementing

Multiple Zones 2 Zones 1 Packer

Key FeaturesSeparate or commingled Separate or commingled production through single tubing stringstring

Blast joint protection across upper intervalpp

On-off connector and tubing anchor permits tubing retrieval p gwith lower interval isolated

Multiple Zones 2 Zones 2 Packers

Key FeaturesKey Features Independent production

through dual tubing stringsthrough dual tubing strings Blast joint protection across

upper intervalupper interval Both packers retrievable Tailpipe instrument facilityTailpipe instrument facility

on both strings Thru-tubing perforation ofThru tubing perforation of

lower zone possible

Multiple Zones 3 Zones 3 Packersp

K F t Key Features Several zones produced

th h t bi t ithrough one tubing string Flow controlled by wireline

t i bl h k / h k lretrievable choke/check valves By-pass sliding sleeve prevents

communication during servicecommunication during service workUp to five zones have been Up to five zones have been produced using this method

Multiple Zones 4 Zones 4 Packers

Key FeaturesFour zone selective Four zone selective production systemDual production strings Dual production strings

Commingled or alternate production controlled byproduction controlled by sliding sleeves

System contains 28 majorSystem contains 28 major downhole components

Liner CSRLiner CSR

Key Features Most simple liner hook-up CSR replaces packer Fluid circulation through

sliding sleeve above the liner hanger

Tailpipe retrieved with d ti t biproduction tubing

CSR and Seal Bore PackerCSR and Seal-Bore Packer

Key Features Liner top/lap is permanently

isolated Fluid circulation through

sliding sleeve above the kpacker

Tailpipe can be plugged to allow retrieval of theallow retrieval of the production tubing

Special Ser ice CompletionsSpecial Service Completions

Special completion examples p p pinclude: Sand control Inhibitor injection Waterfloodate ood Tubing/casing repair

Gravel Pack Completion

Key Features Tools set and gravel placed using

a service tool and tubing k t iworkstring

Gravel squeezed into perforation t ltunnels

Production tubing stung-in to production seal assemblyproduction seal-assembly

Specialised service typically involving dedicated serviceinvolving dedicated service equipment and personnel

Inhibitor InjectionInhibitor Injection

Key Features Side pocket mandrel

injection permits protection inside production tubing above the packerI j ti i l d ll Injection nipple and small diameter injection line is suitable for shallowsuitable for shallow applications

Inhibitor Complete ProtectionInhibitor Complete Protection

Key Features Parallel flow tube and seal-bore

packer enables inhibitor to be p mped do n short stringpumped down short string

All flow-wetted completion components are exposed tocomponents are exposed to inhibitor fluidInhibitor flow controlled at surface Inhibitor flow controlled at surface

WaterfloodWaterflood

Key Featuresy Two injection zones treated

with both flow control regulators located at surface

Totally separate injection systems

Waterflood Thick Injection jZone

Key Featuresy Injection efficiency in thick

zones is improved by using multiple injection points

Downhole flow regulation helps prevent premature breakthrough between intra zonal sectionsintra-zonal sections

Thermal Completion Steam Injection

Key Features Packer incorporates an

integral expansion/slip joint assemblyassembly

SPM allows insulation material to be circulatedmaterial to be circulated into annulus

Remedial Completion Scab Liner

Key Features Isolation of damaged casing/liner

b d t f d l t dor abandonment of a depleted zoneHydraulic set packers at top and Hydraulic set packers at top and bottom of scab linerOn off connector on lower seal On-off connector on lower seal-bore packer allowed installation with the lower perforationswith the lower perforations isolated throughout the operation

Monbore CompletionMonbore Completion Key Features Safety valveKey Features

Designed to meet criteria for:

Safety valve

appropriate production rates

flexibility/contingency safety

Packer/hangerassembly

sa e y monitoring (reservoir

management)Liner

g ) longevity

Multi-Zone Completion

T bi R t i bl S f Example of a Multi Zone Completion

Hydraulic Control Line forthe TRSCSSV

Tubing Retreivable SurfaceControled Subsurface SafetyValve (TRSCSSV)

Annular Safety Valve (ASV)S t ith W t Di t

Example of a Multi Zone Completionusing a Standard Configuration for

each Zone (this can be repeated for any number of zones)

Hydraulic Control Line forthe ASV

System with Wet Disconnect

Gas Lift Mandrel

10 3/4 Casing

Production Packer w/TEC bypass

5-1/2 Production Tubing

Tubing EncasedConductor (TEC)

IsolationPacker w/ TECfeedthru

Flow Control Device w/Integral Pressure/Temperature sensor

Venturi Flowmeter 9-5/8 Liner

PlugCross Coupling Clamp

Zone 1 Zone 2

Questions ?Questions ?

PR-3PR 31. Apa yang dimaksud dengan kopmplesi (nilai 15)1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan kopmplesi (nilai 15)2. Sebutkan sumber-sumber data untuk disain komplesi (nilai 15)3. Sebutkan jenis-jenis komplesi untuk cased hole (nilai 20)4 Apa peranan completion eng dlm penyelesaian sumur (nilai 20)4. Apa peranan completion eng dlm penyelesaian sumur (nilai 20)5. jika suatau reservoir terdiri dari 3 lapisan dengan data sbb :

Res A : Pr =2800 psia Depth = 2000 m Res B : Pr =2800 psia Depth = 1200 m Res B : Pr =2800 psia Depth = 1200 m Res A : Pr =2600 psia Depth = 1800 mBagaimana tipe komplesi yg terbaik ?Jelaskan alasannya (nilai 30)Jelaskan alasannya (nilai 30)