Kürvers Piping Handbook

Kürvers PipingHandbook

3rd Edition

Kürvers Piping Handbook3. Edition April 2005

Copyright © 1995 by Horst Kürvers GmbHAll rights reserved

Publisher: Horst Kürvers GmbH · Am Eisenbrand 24a · 40667 Meerbusch, GermanyEditor: Robin Davies, Kürvers International · London

Photo authors:Cover (3): Premium

Content: Page 9: Sirius, Page 77: Pierlings, Page 129: Salzgitter Stahl, Page 161: Eggers, Page 221: Pierlings, Page 247: Eggers, Page 267:

Pierlings, 15: Bergrohr, Page 351: Mannesmannröhren-Werke, Page 373: Bergrohr, Page 391: Kürvers

All information in this book is subject to change. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, neither Kürvers

Piping nor its agents nor associated companies take any responsibility for any errors or omissions. The information is current as at date of publication.

We try to keep this book up to date and to improve it wherever possible. Therefore we would be grateful for any remarks or corrections from you.

Contents

1

1. Kürvers Piping, Product RangeKürvers Piping, LieferprogrammKürvers Piping, Gamme des ProduitsKürvers Piping, Gamma dei ProdottiKürvers Piping, Gama de Productos

2. Quality AssuranceQualitätssicherungAssurance QualitéControllo di QualitàAseguramiento de Calidad

3. MaterialsWerkstoffeMatérielMaterialiMateriales

4. Dimensions and WeightsAbmessungen und GewichteDimensions et PoidsDimensioni e PesiDimensiones y Pesos

• Formulae for Calculating WeightsFormeln zur GewichtsberechnungFormules de calcul des PoidsFormula di calcolo per la massa metrica/tuboFormulas de calcular pesos

• Steel Pipes and TubesStahlrohreTubes et tuyauterie en acierTubi in acciaioTubos de acero

5. Dimensions and Weights

• Beams and SectionsTräger und FormstahlProfilés et laminésMateriale strutturale e loro sezioniVijas y Secciones


• Buttweld FittingsVorschweißfittingsRaccords à souderRaccordi a saldare di testaAcessorios de soldar


• FlangesFlanscheBridesFlangeBridas


• Forged FittingsSchmiedefittingsRaccords forgésRaccordi forgiatiAcessorios forjados

• Bolts and NutsSchrauben und MutternBoulons et EcrousTiranti e DadiTuercas y Tornillos

9. ValvesArmaturenRobinetterieValvoleValvulas

10. Hydraulic Test PressuresKaltwasserprobedruckTest de Pression HydrauliqueCollaudo Pressione IdraulicaPresiones de Pruebas Hidraulicas

11. Pressure/Temperature RatingsDruck-/TemperaturwertePressions/Echelle des TémperaturesPressione/Temperatura di ServizioPresiones/Temperatures

12. Dimensional Tolerances and End FinishesAbmessungstoleranzen und EndenbearbeitungTolérances Dimensionelles et Préparation des ExtrémitésTolleranze Dimensionali/Finitura delle EstremitàTolerancias Dimensionales y Preparación de Extremos

13. General InformationAllgemeine InformationInformations GénéralesInformazioni GeneraliInformación General

14. Index · Indice · Contenido

Contents

2

Kürvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials

Dimensions & Weights: Formulae, Pipes & Tubes

Dimensions & Weights: Beams & Sections

Dimensions & Weights: Buttweld Fittings

Dimensions & Weights: Flanges

Dimensions & Weights: Forged Fittings, Bolts & Nuts

Valves

Hydraulic Test Pressures

Pressure/Temperature Ratings

Dimensional Tolerances & End Finishes

General Information

Index

Kürvers Group

5

WelcomeWelcome to the third edition of our Piping Handbook. We hopethat you find the contents both useful and informative. Pleasetake a few minutes to study the contents page so that you areable to understand the layout of this book, and so that you will beable to find the information and data that you want quickly andeasily.

There is an index at the back which will enable you to go directlyto a particular topic. There are cross references in the text so thatyou can find links to related subjects easily.

This third edition includes the consolidation of European pressurepipe specifications. The EN specifications have replaced those ofDIN, BS and others. The materials section includes data from theold and the new to make comparison and selection easy. This edi-tion also includes the metric dimensions for flanges and fittings(ASME B16.5, B16.9, and B16.11) which now take precedenceover the previous imperial parameters.

As a general convention in this book dimensions in italics areimperial (inches, pounds etc.)

Kürvers Piping is an international trading company in pipes, tubes,fittings, flanges, valves, stud bolts, gaskets, structural tubulars,plates and sections and general piping materials. There are officesaround the world and agents or sales contacts in other locations.Contact details are provided in the handbook, or go towww.kurvers.com.

A certified Quality Management system to ISO 9001 is an integralpart of our operation. Quality goals are defined and continuousimprovement to you, our client, is constantly pursued. We wel-come comments from you, both about this handbook and aboutour work for you.

Please turn over the page for a list of our office contact emailaddresses or visit our website which has details about our compa-ny and a comprehensive reference list of past projects.

Kürvers Group

6

Quality Assurance System to ISO 9001 Multilingual ServiceSingle Set Terms and Conditions Worldwide Presence

Kürvers Group

Projects

Products

Blanket Orders & Partnering Local ExpeditingFinance InspectionInternational Sourcing Transportation

OffshoreTubularsPilesCansPlatesBeamsShapesConesPile Sleeves

• Reserved Rolling Capacity• Combined Production

Resources• Stock Plate Materials• Zero Wastage

PipelinesLinepipeBendsPipeline ValvesCoating

• Access toInternational Mills

• Combined Packages• Seamless/HFI/ERW/SAW

Process PipingPipesFittingsFlangesGasketsNuts & BoltsValvesSpecials

• Complete Packages• Combined Stocks

& Mill Quantities• Split Destinations• Project Packaging

Kürvers Group

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Kürvers GroupHorst Kürvers GmbH · GermanyAm Eisenbrand 24a, 40667 MeerbuschTel.: +49 21 32 93 05-0Fax: +49 21 32 93 05-66Email: [email protected]

Kurvers International Supply Services Ltd. · UKEmail: [email protected]

Kürvers Piping BV · The NetherlandsEmail: [email protected]

Kürvers France Sarl · FranceEmail: [email protected]

Kurvers Piping Italy Srl · ItalyEmail: [email protected]

Kürvers Project Services GmbH · SwitzerlandEmail: [email protected]

Horst Kürvers GmbHRepresentative Office CISEmail: [email protected]

Horst Kürvers GmbHRepresentative Office RussiaEmail: [email protected]

Kurvers, Inc. · USAEmail: [email protected]

Kürvers Piping Pte Ltd. · SingaporeEmail: [email protected]

Kurvers Piping (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd · MalaysiaEmail: [email protected]

Horst Kürvers GmbHRepresentative Office ChinaEmail: [email protected]

Horst Kürvers GmbHRepresentative Office Central Asia · AzerbaijanEmail: [email protected]

Horst Kürvers GmbHRepresentative Office Middle EastEmail: [email protected]

Kurvers Piping Pty Ltd. · AustraliaEmail: [email protected]

Kurvers Nigeria Ltd. · NigeriaEmail: [email protected]

Please visit our website for more information:www.kurvers.com

AddressesProduct Range

Product RangeThe following are materials regularly supplied. All equivalentspecifications (AFNOR, BS, DIN, EN, GOST, JIS etc) are also avail-able. Special project or client specifications can be supplied afterevaluation by our technical staff.

Petrochemical• Pipe to ASTM A53, A106, A179, A213, A214, A312, A333,

A335, A358, A671, A672, A691• Fittings to ASME B 16.9, B 16.11, B16.28, and MSS-SP-75

in ASTM A105, A182, A234, A403, A420, A860• Flanges to ASME B16.5, B16.47 in ASTM A105, A182,

A350, A694• Valves to API 599, 600, 602, 606, 609,

MSS-SP 67, 72, 80, 84• Bolting to ASTM A193, A194, A320• Gaskets to ASME B16.5, B16.47

Pipelines• Pipe to API 5L including high strength grades• Risers and Bends• Coating, Wrapping, Weight Coating• Valves to API 6D

Offshore & other Structures• Welded tubulars to API 2B, 2H, 2W & 2Y

including extra large diameter very thick wall• CHS & RHS to BS 4848 in BS 4360 and BS 7191 and ASTM,

A6, EN 10025, EN 10225• Beams, Profile, Plate BS 4848, DIN 1025 in BS 4360 and

BS 7191 and ASTM A 6, EN 10025, EN 10225• Piles API 2 B, BS 3601, ASTM A252

Chemical Plant, Boiler Plant, Heat Exchangers, Refrigeration Plantand Process Plant materials can be supplied in the above andother specifications.

Materials: Carbon, Carbon Manganese, Micro-alloy (HSLA), Alloyand Stainless Steels, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, Incoly, Cunifer,Titanium alloys.

Package Supply• Sourcing materials, including extended process routes

(eg coated pipe, spools)• Expediting complete project supply• Third party and Certifying Authority Inspection • Documentation (procedures, VDRL, data books)• Delivery terms ex works, FOB, C&F, insurance, vessel charter• Finance

Kürvers Group

8

Kürvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Quality AssuranceIndex

11

Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance Systems to ISO 9000 Series ........................12System Elements to ISO 9001:2000 ........................................13System Elements to ISO 9002:1994 ........................................14Certificates to EN 10204 based on DIN 50049 ........................15Definition of terms commonly applied to Project Q.A. and dictionary ................................................................................16Quality Assurance Systems to API QI ........................................17Comparison of international standards for Quality Assurance ..18

Qualitätssicherung

Qualitätssicherungssystem gemäß der ISO 9000 Serie ..............12Systemelemente gemäß ISO 9001:2000 ..................................13Systemelemente gemäß ISO 9002:1994 ..................................14Werkszeugnisse gemäß EN 10204 basierend auf DIN 50049....15Fachwortverzeichnis ................................................................16Qualitätssicherungssystem der API QI ......................................17Vergleich der internationalen Normen für Qualitätssicherung ..18

Assurance Qualité

Système Qualité conforme à ISO 9000 ....................................12Système Qualité suivant ISO 9001:2000 ..................................13Système Qualité suivant ISO 9002:1994 ..................................14Certificats d’essais EN 10204 en accord selon DIN 50049 ........15Définition des différents termes communément appliqués à la mise en œuvre de l‘Assurance Qualité et dictionnaire ........16Système Qualité conforme à API QI..........................................17Comparatif des différent Standards Internationaux pour l‘Assurance Qualité..........................................................18

Controllo die qualità

Sistema controllo die qualità secondo ISO serie 9000 ..............12Sistema elementi secondo ISO 9001:2000 ..............................13Sistema elementi secondo ISO 9002:1994 ..............................14Certificati di dollaudo secondo EN 10204 basati su DIN 50049 ................................................................15Definizione dei termini comuni applicabili al controllo di qualità ..............................................................16Sistema controllo die qualità API QI..........................................17Comparazione dei termini Standard internazionali per controllo di qualità e dizionario..........................................18

Aseguramiento de calidad

Sistemas de aseguramiento de calidad de acuerdo con la serie ISO 9000 ..............................................................12Elementos de sistema de acuerdo con ISO 9001:2000 ............13Elementos de sistema de acuerdo con ISO 9002:1994 ............14Certificados de calidad segun EN 10204 Y DIN 50049 ............15Definicion de terminos applicables a aseguramiento de calidad de proyectos y el diccionario ..................................16Sistemas de aseguramiento de calidad API QI ..........................17Comparaciòn des standards internacionales para aseguramiento de calidad ................................................18

Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance Systems to ISO 9000 Series

12

ReferencesISO 9000:2000 Fundamentals and vocabulary

ISO 9000:2000 Grundlegendes und Qualitätsbegriffe

ISO 9000:2000 Pricipes fondamentaux et terminologie

ISO 9001:2000 Quality management systems – Requirements

ISO 9001:2000 Qualitätsmanagementsysteme – Anforderungen

ISO 9001:2000 Systèmes de management de la qualité

ISO 9004:2000 Quality management systems – Guidelines for performance improvement

ISO 9004:2000 Qualitätsmanagementsysteme – Leitfaden zur Leistungsverbesserung

ISO 9004:2000 Systèmes de management de la qualité – Lignes directrices pour l’amélioration des performances

ISO 10005 Quality management – Guidelines for quality plans

ISO 10006 Quality management – Guidelines for quality in project management

ISO 10007 Quality management – Guidelines for configuration management

ISO 10011 Guidelines for auditing quality systemsPart 1 AuditingPart 2 Qualification criteria for qualitiy system auditorsPart 3 Management of audit programmes

ISO 10012 Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipmentPart 1 Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipmentPart 2 Guidelines for control of measurement processes

ISO 10013 Guidelines for developing quality manuals

ISO/TR 10014 Guidelines for managing the economics of quality

ISO 10015 Quality management – Guidelines for training

ISO/TR 10017 Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:1994

ISO 10576-1 Statistical methods – Guidelines for the evaluation of conformity with specified requirementsPart 1 general principles

ISO/TR 13425 Guide for the selection of statistical methods in standardisation and specification

ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

Kürvers Piping Quality System meets the requirements of ISO 9001:2000

Quality AssuranceSystem Elements to ISO 9000

13

Quality Assurance System to ISO 9001:2000Contents Corresponding paragraph in ISO 9002:1994

1 Scope 1

2 Normative reference 2

3 Terms and definitions 3

4 Quality management system

4.1 General Requirements 4.2.1

4.2 Documentation requirements 4.2.2 + 4.2.1 + 4.5.1 + 4.5.2 + 4.5.3 + 4.16

5 Management responsibility

5.1 Management commitment 4.1.1

5.2 Customer focus 4.3.2

5.3 Quality policy 4.1.1

5.4 Planning 4.1.1 + 4.2.3

5.5 Responsibility, authoring and communication 4.1.2.1 + 4.1.2.3

5.6 Management review 4.1.3

6 Resource management 4.1.2.2

6.1 Provision of resources 4.1.2.2

6.2 Human resources 4.1.2.2 + 4.18

6.3 Infrastructure 4.9

6.4 Work environment 4.9

7 Product realization

7.1 Planning of product realization 4.2.3 + 4.10.1

7.2 Customer-related processes 4.3.2 + 4.3.3 + 4.3.4 + 4.4.4

7.3 Design and development N/A

7.4 Purchasing 4.6

7.5 Production and service provision 4.7 + 4.8 + 4.9 + 4.10 + 4.12 + 4.15 + 4.19

7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices 4.11

8 Measurement, analysis and improvement

8.1 General 4.10 + 4.20

8.2 Monitoring and measurement 4.10 + 4.17 + 4.20

8.3 Control of nonconforming product 4.13

8.4 Analysis of data 4.20

8.5 Improvement 4.1.3 + 4.14

For detailed application of the above elements to Kürvers Pipingsee the Kürvers Piping Quality Assurance Manual.

Quality AssuranceSystem Elements to ISO 9000

14

Quality Assurance System to ISO 9002:1994Contents Inhalt Sommaire

0 Introduction Einleitung Introduction

1 Scope Anwendungsbereich Domaine d’application

2 Normative reference Verweisungen auf andere Normen Référence normative

3 Definitions Begriffe Définitions

4 Quality system requirements Forderungen an die Qualitätssicherung/ Exigences en matière de système qualitéQM-Darlegung

4.1 Management responsibility Verantwortung der Leitung Responsabilité de la direction

4.2 Quality system Qualitätsmanagementsystem Système qualité

4.3 Contract review Vertragsprüfung Revue de contrat

4.4 Design control Designlenkung Maîtrise de la conception

4.5 Document and data control Prüfung der Dokumente und Daten Maîtrise des documents et des données

4.6 Purchasing Beschaffung Achats

4.7 Control of customer-supplied product Prüfung der vom Kunden Maîtrise du produit fourni par le client

beigestellten Produkte

4.8 Product identification and traceability Kennzeichnung und Identification et traçabilité du produitRückverfolgbarkeit von Produkten

4.9 Process control Prozeßlenkung Maîtrise des processus

4.10 Inspection and testing Prüfungen Contrôles et essais

4.11 Control of inspection, measuring Prüfmittelüberwachung Maîtrise des équipements de contrôle,

and test equipment de mesure et d’essai

4.12 Inspection and test status Prüfstatus État des contrôles et des essais

4.13 Control of nonconforming products Prüfung fehlerhafter Produkte Maîtrise du produit non conforme

4.14 Corrective and preventive action Korrektur- und Vorbeugungsmaßnahmen Actions correctives et préventives

4.15 Handling, storage, packaging, Handhabung, Lagerung, Verpackung, Manutention, stockage, conditionnement,

preservation an delivery Konservierung und Versand préservation et livraison

4.16 Control of quality records Lenkung von Qualitätsaufzeichnungen Maîtrise des enregistrements

relatifs à la qualité

4.17 Internal quality audits Interne Qualitätsaudits Audits qualité internes

4.18 Training Schulung Formation

4.19 Servicing Wartung Prestations associées

4.20 Statistical techniques Statistische Methoden Techniques statistiques

This table is included for historical reference only.

Quality AssuranceTest Certificates to EN 10 204 based on DIN 50049

15

Certification of MaterialEN 10 204 · ISO 10 474Based on DIN 50049 Standard Document Type of Contents Delivery Conditions Document validated byDesignation Control

2.1 Certificate of Non-specific Without mention of In accordance with the The manufacturercompliance with test results requirements of the order, and if the order required also in accordance with

official regulations and corresponding technical rules.

2.2 Test report Non-specific With mention of test In accordance with the The manufacturerresults carried out on requirements of the order, and ifthe basis of non-specific required also in accordance withinspection and test official regulations and

corresponding technical rules.

2.3 Specific test report Specific With mention of test In accordance with the The manufacturerresults carried out on the requirements of the order, and ifbasis of specific inspection required also in accordance withand testing official regulations and

corresponding technical rules.

3.1A Inspection Certificate Specific With mention of test In accordance with official The inspector designated3.1A results carried out on the regulations and the corresponding in the official regulation

basis of specific inspection technical rules (eg TÜV)and testing

3.1B Inspection Certificate Specific With mention of test In accordance with the The manufacturer’s 3.1B results carried out on the specifications of the order, and if authorised representative

basis of specific inspection required, also in accordance with independent of the and testing official regulations and manufacturing

corresponding technical rules department

3.1C Inspection Certificate Specific With mention of test In accordance with the The purchaser’s 3.1C results carried out on the specifications of the order authorised represenative

basis of specific inspection (eg ABS, BV, DNV, LRS etc.)and testing

3.2 Inspection report Specific With mention of test results In accordance with the The manufacturer’s 3.2 carried out on the basis of specifications of the order authorised representative

specific inspection and independent of the testing manufacturing

department and the purchaser’s authorised represenative

EN 10 204 Edition 2004In this new version of the specification Type 2.3 is deleted, 3.1B becomes type 3.1 and 3.1A & 3.1C are combined with 3.2. A 3.2document is validated by the manufacturers authorised representative independent of production and the purchasers authorisedinspection representative or the inspector designated by the official regulations.

It is anticipated that the descriptions 3.1A etc will remain in common parlance for some time and so this version of our handbookkeeps the definitions with this short explanation about the changes in the revised version of the specification.

Quality AssuranceTerminology and Dictionary

16

Common Terms in Project QA

Certifying Authority · Engineering authority responsible forcertifying the final construction.

Concession/Waiver · Agreed deviations from specifiedrequirements, written and authorised.

Data Book · A collated, indexed collection of all test reports,certificates, concessions, release notes and procedures heldtogether for easy reference.

Field Test · Pressure test of fabricated system in the field.Inspection Authority · Authority responsible for inspecting

individual items and issuing 3.1 and 3.2 certificates.Non-Conformity · The non-fulfilment of specified

requirements.Procedures · Definitive step by step details of how a particular

activity is performed, with relevant parameters defined.Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) · Record of all the

necessary tests performed to check that a WPS is satisfactory.Quality Assurance · All those planned and systematic actions

necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product orservice will satisfy given requirements for quality.

Quality Assurance Manual · Formal description of the Quality Management System addressing each of the systemelements.

Quality Control · The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements for quality.

Quality Plan · For a particular contract, a document setting out the process route with all key stages, with details of procedures, controls and inspections.

Release Notes · Formal release of individual items for dispatch by customer, inspection and/or certifying authority.

Test Reports/Test Certificate · Results of tests required by the contract for individual items issued by the manufactureror inspection authority.

Traceability · The ability to trace the history, application or location of an item or activity by means of recorded identification.

Vendor Documents Requirements List (VDRL) · List of documents which the customer requires the vendor to supply.

Weld Procedure Specification (WPS) · Definition of all the parameters for the essential variables for a particular weldconfiguration.

DictionarySome common technical terms

English Deutsch Français

Mill test certificate Werksabnahme- Cerficat de contrôlezeugnis par l‘usine

Chemical Chemische Compositioncomposition Zusammensetzung chemique

Check or Stückanalyse Analyse sur produitproduct analysis

Test piece Probestück Eprouette

Tensile test Zugversuch Essai de traction

Tensile Zugfestikeit Résistance strength Rm à la traction

Yield point Re Streckgrenze Limite d’elasiticité

Elongation Dehnung Allongement

Reduction of area Einschnürung Striction

Impact test Kerbschlagversuch Essai de résilience

Average Mittelwert Moyenne

Hardness Härte Dureté

Bend test Biegeprobe Edepliage

Special tests Sonderversuche Essais spéciaux

Hydrostatic tests Wasserdruckversuch Essais hydaulique

English Deutsch Français

Pipe Rohr Tube

Seamless Nahtlos Sans soudure

Welded Geschweißt Avec soudure

Plate Blech Tôle

Dimensions Abmessungen Dimension

Thickness Dicke Epaiss

Steel Stahl Acier

Stainless steel Edelstahl Inox

Heat or cast no. Schmelzennummer No. de coulée

Product Erzeugnis- Identification identification benennung du produit

Steel grade Stahlsorte Nuance d’acier

Hot rolled Warmgewalzt Roules a chaud

Normalised Normalgeglüht Normalisé

Tempered Angelassen Revenu

Quenched Abgeschreckt Trempe

As forged Warmgeschmiedet Forgé

Quality AssuranceAPI Q1

17

API Q1 ISO TS 29001Specification for Quality Programs for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industry.

This specification is a sector specific version of ISO 9001:2000. It has the same paragraph numbers and the same content with theexception of some additional clauses which are specific to the supply of API material under this quality program.

This specification does not allow exclusions to be made to any clause except 7.3 (Design and development), 7.5.1 (Control of serviceprovision), 7.5.2 (Validation of processes for production and service provision) and 7.5.4 (Customer property) and then only whensuch exclusions do not affect the organization’s ability, or responsibility, to provide product that meets customer and applicable regu-latory requirements.

The following paragraphs are supplemental or in addition to ISO 9001:2000

4.2.2.1 Quality Manual

4.2.3.1 Control of documents

4.2.3.2 Control of document changes

4.2.4.1 Control of records

5.3.1 Quality policy

5.6.1.1 General

5.6.2.1 Revue input

6.2.2.1 Training

7.1.1 Planning of product realization

7.2.2.1 Review of requirements related to the product

7.3.1.1 Design and development planning

7.3.1.2 Design documentation

7.3.2.1 Design and development inputs

7.3.4.1 Design and development review

7.3.7.1 Control of design and development changes

7.4.1.1 Purchasing process

7.4.1.2 Criteria for supplier selection, evaluation, and re-evaluation

7.4.1.3 Supplier provided special processes

7.4.2.1 Purchasing information

7.4.3.1 Verification of purchased product

7.5.1.1 Control of production and service provision

7.5.2.1 Process control

7.5.2.1 Validation of processes for production and service provision

7.5.3.1 Identification and traceability

7.5.3.2 Identification and traceability maintenancereplacement

7.5.3.3 Product status

7.5.4.1 Customer property

7.5.5.1 Preservation of product

7.5.5.2 Periodic assessment of stock

7.6.1 Control of monitoring and measuring devices

7.6.2 Environmental conditions

8.2.2.1 Internal audit

8.2.2.2 Submission of action plans

8.2.4.1 Monitoring and measurement of product

8.2.4.2 Final acceptance of product

8.3.1 Concessions

8.3.2 Release or acceptance of nonconforming productunder concession

8.3.3 Field nonconformity analysis

8.4.1 Analysis of data

8.5.1.1 Continual improvement of organization

8.5.2.1 Corrective action

8.5.2.2 Corrective action response time

8.5.3.1 Preventive action

Quality AssuranceComparision of International Standards

18

ISO 9000 Series and National StandardsThis table lists National Standards for different countries with the appropriate ISO Standard.

Standard Body Quality Management Quality Systems Quality Systems Quality Systems Quality Mangement (country) and Quality Assurance and Quality System

Standards Elements

Guidelines for Model for Quality Model for Quality Model for Quality GuidelinesSelections and Use Assurance Design/ Assurance in Assurance in Final

Development, Production and Inspection and TestProduction, InstallationInstallation and Service

ISO:1994 ISO 9000 ISO 9001 ISO 9002 ISO 9003 ISO 9004

Australia AS 3900 AS 3901 AS 3902 AS 3903 AS 3904

Austria OE NORM-PREN OE NORM-PREN OE NORM-PREN OE NORM-PREN OE NORM-PREN

29000 29001 29002 29003 29004

Belgium NBN X 50-002-1 NBN X 50-003 NBN X 50-004 NBN X 50-005 NBN X 50-002-2

Canada CSA Z299.0 CSA Z299.1 CSA Z299.2 CSA Z299.4 CSA Q420-87

China GB/T 10300.1-88 GB/T 10300.2-88 GB/T 10300.3-88 GB/T 10300.4-88 GB/T 10300.5-88

Denmark DS/EN 29000 DS/EN 29001 DS/EN 29002 DS/EN 29003 DS/EN 29004

European Community EN 29000 EN 29001 EN 29002 EN 29003 EN 29004

Finland SFS-ISO 9000 SF-ISO 9001 SFS-ISO 9002 SFS-ISO 9003 SFS-ISO 9004

France NF X 50-121 NF X 50-131 NF X 50-132 NF X 50-133 NF X 50-122

Germany DIN ISO 9000 DIN ISO 9001 DIN ISO 9002 DIN ISO 9003 DIN ISO 9004

Hungary MI 18990-1988 MI 18991-1988 MI 18992-1988 MI 18993-1988 MI 18994-1988

India IS:10201 Part 2 IS:10201 Part 4 IS:10201 Part 5 IS:10201 Part 6 IS:10201 Part 3

Ireland IS 300 Part 0/ISO 9000 IS 300 Part 1/ISO 9001 IS 300 Part 2/ISO 9002 IS 300 Part 3/ISO 9003 IS 300 Part 4/ISO 9004

Italy UNI/EN 29000 UNI/EN 29001 UNI/EN 29002 UNI/EN 29003 UNI/EN 29004

Malaysia MS 985/ISO 9001 MS 985/ISO 9002 MS 985/ISO 9003

The Netherlands NEN-ISO 9000 NEN-ISO 9001 NEN-ISO 9002 NEN-ISO 9003 NEN-ISO 9004

New Zealand NZS 5600:Part 1 NZS 5601 NZS 5602 NZS 5603 NZS 5600:Part 2

Norway NS-EN 29000 NS-ISO 9001 NS-ISO 9002 NS-ISO 9003

Russia (CIS) 40.9001-88 40.9002-88

Singapore SS ISO 9000 SS ISO 9001 SS ISO 9002 SS ISO 9003 SS ISO 9004

South Africa SABS 0157: Part 0 SABS 0157: Part I SABS 0157: Part II SABS 0157: Part III SABS 0157 Part IV

Spain UNE 66 900 UNE 66 901 UNE 66 902 UNE 66 903 UNE 66 904

Sweden SS-ISO 9000 SS-ISO 9001 SS-ISO 9002 SS-ISO 9003 SS-ISO 9004

Switzerland SN-ISO 9000 SN-ISO 9001 SN-ISO 9002 SN-ISO 9003 SN-ISO 9004

Tunisia NT 110.18-1987 NT 110.19-1987 NT 110.20-1987 NT 110.21-1987 NT 110.22-1987

United Kingdom BS EN ISO 9000 BS EN ISO 9001 BS EN ISO 9002 BS EN ISO 9003 BS EN ISO 9004

USA ANSI/ASQC Q90 ANSI/ASQC Q91 ANSI/ASQC Q92 ANSI/ASQC Q93 ANSI/ASQC Q94

These standards are listed for historical reference only. They have all been replaced by ISO 9001:2000.

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

MaterialsIndex

21

3 Materials Specifications, Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesWerkstoffeSpezifikationen, mechanische und chemische EigenschaftenMatérielsSpécifications, Propriétés mécaniques et chimiquesMateriali Specifiche, Caratteristiche meccaniche e chimiche MaterialesEspecificaciónes, Propiedades mecánicas y químicas

3.1 Piping Materials SpecificationsRohrspezifikationenMatériel de tuyauterie: SpécificationsSpecificazione materiale «Piping»Expecificaciones de tuberias .................................. 22

3.2 Comparison Tables of MaterialsSour Service .................................................................... 27Line Pipe.......................................................................... 28Structural Materials.......................................................... 29Pressure Pipe.................................................................... 30Bolts and Nuts ................................................................ 33BW Fittings ...................................................................... 35Forgings: Flanges and Forged Fittings .............................. 35

Vergleichstabellen der WerkstoffeSauergas-Anforderung .................................................... 27Leitungsrohre .................................................................. 28Konstruktionsteile ............................................................ 29Hochdruckrohre .............................................................. 30Schrauben und Muttern .................................................. 33Vorschweiß-Fittings.......................................................... 35Flansche und geschmiedete Fittings ................................ 35

Tables de Comparaison des MatièresSour Service .................................................................... 27Tubes .............................................................................. 28Matériaux de structure .................................................... 29Pression des Tubes .......................................................... 30Boulons et Ecrous ............................................................ 33Raccords à souder............................................................ 35Forgés: Brides et Raccords forgés .................................... 35

Tabelle di conversioneSour Service .................................................................... 27Line pipe.......................................................................... 28Materiale strutturale ........................................................ 29Tubi per uso alta pressione .............................................. 30Tiranti, Dadi .................................................................... 33Raccordi a saldare di testa................................................ 35Forgiati: Flange, Raccordi forgiati .................................... 35

3.2 Especificaciones de TuberiasSour Service .................................................................... 27Tubo de conducción ........................................................ 28Materiales estructurales .................................................. 29Tubo de presión .............................................................. 30Tuercas y tornillos ............................................................ 33Accessorios de soldar a tope ............................................ 35Bridas y accesorios forjados.............................................. 35

3.3 Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesPressure pipe .................................................................. 36Casing ............................................................................ 48Line Pipe.......................................................................... 50Structural Materials.......................................................... 54BW Fittings ...................................................................... 58Forgings: Flanges and Forged Fittings .............................. 62Bolts and Nuts ................................................................ 68

Mechanische und chemische EigenschaftenHochdruckrohre .............................................................. 36Casing ............................................................................ 48Leitungsrohre .................................................................. 50Konstruktionsteile ............................................................ 54Vorschweißfittings .......................................................... 58Flansche und geschmiedete Fittings ................................ 60Schrauben und Muttern .................................................. 68

Propriétés mécaniques et chimiquesPression des Tubes .......................................................... 36Casing ............................................................................ 48Tubing ............................................................................ 50Matériaux de structure .................................................... 54Raccords à souder............................................................ 58Brides et Raccords forgés ................................................ 60Boulonnerie .................................................................... 68

Caratteristiche mecaniche e chimicheTubi per uso alta pressione .............................................. 36Casing ............................................................................ 48Line pipe.......................................................................... 50Materiale strutturale ........................................................ 54Raccordi a saldare di testa................................................ 58Forgiati: Flange, Raccordi forgiati .................................... 60Tiranti, Dadi .................................................................... 68

Propiedades meccánicas y químicasTubo de presión .............................................................. 36Casing ............................................................................ 48Tubo de conducción ........................................................ 50Materiales estructurales .................................................. 54Acessorios de soldar a tope.............................................. 58Bridas y accesorios forjados.............................................. 60Tuercas y tornillos ............................................................ 68

MaterialsPiping Materials SpecificationsAPI · ASTM · ASME · BSI · DIN · MSS · EN · ISO

22

Piping Materials SpecificationsValve specifications are given in Valve section page 280.

American Petroleum Institute · API

API2B Specification for the Fabrication

of Structural Steel Pipe

2H Specification for Carbon Manganese Steel Plate for Offshore Platform Tubular Joints

2W Specification for Steel Plates for Offshore Structures,Produced by Thermomechanical Control Processing

2Y Specification for Steel Plates, Quenched andTempered, for Offshore Structures

5L Specification for Line Pipe

5B Threading, Gauging and Thread Inspection

Q1 Specification for Quality Programs

605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flange

RP2X Recommended Practise for Ultrasonic Examination ofOffshore Structural Fabrication and Guidelines forQualification of Ultrasonic Technicians

RP2Z Recommended Practise for Pre-ProductionQualification for Steel plates for Offshore Structures

RP5L1 Recommended Practicefor Rail Road Transportation of Line Pipe

RP5L2 Recommended Practice for Internal Coating of LinePipe for Non-Corrosive Gas Transmission Service

RP5L5 Recommended Practicefor Marine Transportation of Line Pipe

RP5L7 Recommended Practice for Unprimed Internal FusionBonded Epoxy Coating of Line Pipe

RP5LC Specification for CRA Linepipe

RP5LD Specification for CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe

American Society for Testing and Materials · ASTM

ASTMA6 Specification for General Requirements for Rolled

Steel Plates, Shapes Sheet Piling and Bars forStructural Use

A20 Specification for General Requirements for Steel,Plates for Pressure Vessels

A36 Standard Specification for Structural Steel

A53 Specification for Pipe Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,Zinc Coated, Welded and Seamless

ASTMA90 Test Method for Weight of Coating on Zinc Coated

(Galvanised) Iron or Steel Articles

A105 Specification for Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components

A106 Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for HighTemperature Service

A178 Specification for Electric Resistance Welded CarbonSteel Boiler Tubes

A179 Specification for Seamless Cold Drawn Low CarbonSteel Heat Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A182 Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy Steel Pipe,Flanges, Forged Fittings and Valves and Parts for High Temperature Service

A193 Specification for Alloy Steel and Stainless SteelBolting Materials for High Temperature Service

A194 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure and High Temperature Service

A203 Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel,Nickel

A204 Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel,Molybdenum

A213 Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater and Heat ExchangerTubes

A214 Specification for Electric Resistance Welded CarbonSteel Heat Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A234 Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought CarbonSteel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and ElevatedTemperatures

A252 Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles

A312 Specification for Seamless and Welded AusteniticStainless Steel Pipe

A320 Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low Temperature Service

A333 Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel pipe forLow Temperature Service

A334 Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon andAlloy Steel Tubes for Low Temperature Service

A335 Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe forHigh Temperature Service

A350 Specification for Forgings, Carbon and Low AlloySteel, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for PipingComponents

MaterialsPiping Materials Specifications

API · ASTM · ASME · BSI · DIN · MSS · EN · ISO

23

ASTMA358 Specification for Electric Fusion Welded Austenitic

Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service

A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products

A387 Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel,Chromium-Molybdenum

A403 Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless SteelPiping Fittings

A420 Specification for Pipe Fittings of Wrought CarbonSteel and Alloy Steel for Low Temperature Service

A450 Specification for General Requirements for Carbon,Ferritic Alloy and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes

A515 Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steelfor Intermediate and High Temperature Service

A516 Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steelfor Moderate and Lower Temperature Service

A519 Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy SteelMechanical Tubing

A520 Specification for Supplementary Requirements forSeamless and Electric Resistance Welded Carbon Steel Tubular Products for High Temperature ServiceConforming to ISO Recommendations for BoilerConstruction

A530 Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipes

A572 High Strength Low Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steels of Structural Quality

A633 Normalised High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel

A671 Specification for Electric Fusion Welded Steel Pipe forAtmospheric and Lower Temperatures

A672 Specification for Electric Fusion Welded Steel Pipe forHigh Pressure Service at Moderate Temperatures

A691 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, ElectricFusion Welded, for High Pressure Service at HighTemperatures

A694 Specification for Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel forPipe, Flanges, Fittings, Valves and Parts for HighPressure Transmission Service

A700 Practices for Packing, Marking and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for Domestic Shipment

A860 Wrought High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

American Society of Mechanical Engineers · ASME

ASMEB1.1 Unified Inch Screw Thread

B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose

B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B16.9 Factory Made wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

B16.11 Forged Steel Socket Welding Fittings

B16.25 Butt-Welding Ends

B16.28 Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns

B16.36 Steel Orifice Flanges

B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges

B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)

B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

B31.1 Pressure Piping Code: Power Piping

B31.3 Pressure Piping code: Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping

B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, LPG, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols

B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe

British Standards Institute · BSI

BS4 pt 1 Hot Rolled Sections

1387 Screwed and Socketed Steel Tubes and Tubulars and Plain End Steel Tubes Suitable for Welding or forScrewing to BS21 Pipe Threads

1560 Steel Pipe Flanges (Nominal Size 1/2“ to 24“) for the Petroleum Industry (Section 3.1)

1640 Steel Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings for the PetroleumIndustry

1965 Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings for Pressure Purposes

3059 Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

3293 Carbon Steel Pipe Flanges (over 24“ Nominal Size) for the Petroleum Industry

3601 Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes with Specified RoomTemperature Properties for Pressure Purposes

3602 Steel Pipes and Tubes for Pressure Purposes;Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel with SpecifiedElevated Temperature Properties


24

BS3603 Pipes and Tubes, Carbon and Alloy Steel with

Specified Low Temperature Properties for PressurePurposes

3604 Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipes and Tubes for PressurePurposes with Specified Elevated TemperatureProperties

3605 Austenitic Stainless steel Pipes and Tubes for PressurePurposes

3799 Steel Pipe Fittings, Screwed and Socket-Welding for the Petroleum Industry

4360 Welded Structural Steels

4848 Hot Rolled Structural Steel Sections

4882 Bolting for Flanges and Pressure Containing Purposes

5383 Material Identification of Tubes by ContinuousCharacter Marking and Colour Coding

7191 Weldable Structural Steels for Fixed OffshoreStructures

Deutsches Institut für Normung · DIN

DIN1025 Steel Sections, Dimensions, Weights, Tolerances,

Static Values

1026 Hot Rolled Steel Channels, Dimensions, Masses andSectional Properties

1626 Welded Circular Unalloyed Steel Tubes Subject to Special Requirement

1629 Seamless Circular Unalloyed Steel tubes Subject to Special Requirements

2440 Steel Tubes, Medium Weight, Suitable for Screwing

2448 Plain End Seamless Steel Tubes; Dimensions and Conventional Masses per Unit Length

2458 Welded Steel Tubes; Dimensions and Weights

2462 Seamless Stainless Steel Tubes; Dimensions and Masses per Unit Length

2463 Welded Stainless Steel Tubes; Dimensions and Masses per Unit Length

2519 Steel Flanges: Technical Terms of Delivery

2527 Blind Flanges, Nominal Pressure 6 to 100

2559 Butt Weld Ends

2566 Screwed Flanges, Nominal Pressure 10 to 16

2605 Tube Bends for Butt-Welding

2606 Tube Bends of Steel for Butt-Welding: 5D-Type

2609 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings: technical delivery conditions

DIN2615 Butt-Welding Fittings: Tees

2616 Butt-Welding Fittings: Reducers

2617 Butt-Welding Fittings: Caps

2631 Welding Neck Flanges, Nominal Pressure 6








2980 Threaded Steel Pipe Fittings

2983 Threaded Steel Pipe Fittings: Bends

2986 Threaded Steel Pipe Fittings: Sockets

2987 Threaded Steel Pipe Fittings: Crosses, Tees, Elbows,Reducing Tees, Reducing Elbows

2988 Threaded Steel Pipe Fittings: Sockets, Reduced

17172 Steel Pipes for Pipe Lines for the Transport of Combustible Fluids and Gases

17173 Seamless Circular Pipes: Low Temperature Steel

17174 Welded Circular Pipes: Low Temperature Steel

17175 Seamless Steel Tubes for Elevated Temperatures

17177 Electric Resistance or Induction Welded Steel Tubesfor Elevated Temperatures

17243 Weldable heat resisting steel forgings and rolled forged steel bars

17280 Steel with low temperature toughness. Technicaldelivery conditions for plate, sheet, strips, wide flats,sections, bars and forgings

17440 Stainless steels. Technical delivery conditions forplates and sheet, hot rolled strip, wire rod, drawnwire, steel bars, forgings and semi-finished products.

17455 Stainless Steel Welded Circular Pipes for General Use

17456 Stainless Steel Seamless Circular Pipes for General Use

17457 Austenitic Stainless Steel Welded Circular Pipes forSpecial Purposes

17458 Austenitic Stainless Steel Seamless Circular Pipes forSpecial Purposes

30670 Polyethylene Sheathing of Steel Tubes and of SteelShapes and Fittings

MaterialsPiping Materials Specifications

API · ASTM · ASME · BSI · DIN · MSS · EN · ISO

25

Manufacturer‘s Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry · MSS

MSSSP25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges

and Unions

SP43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

SP44 Steel Pipeline Flanges

SP53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components - Magnetic Particle Examination Method

SP54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components – Radiographic Examination Method

SP55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components – Visual Examination Method

SP67 Butterfly Valves

SP72 Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends forGeneral Service

SP80 Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle and Check Valves

SP83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Welding and Threaded

SP84 Valves-Socket Welding and Threaded Ends

SP93 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components – Liquid Penetrant Examination Method

SP95 Swage Nipples and Bull Plugs

SP97 Forged Carbon Steel Branch Outlet Fittings – Socket Welding, Threaded and Butt-Weld Ends

European Community of Standardization · CEN

EN19 - 57 IPE Beams; I-Beams with parallel flange facings

53 - 62 Hot-rolled broad flanged I-beams (wide-flanged I-beams) with parallel flange facings

10 025-1 Hot rolled products of structural steels. General technical delivery conditions.

10 025-2 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technicaldelivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels.

10 025-3 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technicaldelivery conditions for normalised/normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels.

10 025-4 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technicaldelivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels.

EN10 025-5 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical

delivery conditions for structural steels with improvedatmospheric corrosion resistance.

10 025-6 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technicaldelivery conditions for flat products of high yieldstrength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition.

10 034 Structural steel I and H Sections:shape an dimensions

10 056 Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles:shape and dimensions

10 113 Parts 1, 2, 3. Hot rolled products in weldable finegrain structural steel (replaced by 10025:2004)

10 204 Metallic products – types of inspections documents

10 208-1 Steel Pipes for Pipe Lines of Combustible Fluids -Technical Delivery Conditions –Part 1:Pipes of Requirement Class A

10 208-2 Steel Pipes for Pipe Lines of Combustible Fluids -Technical Delivery Conditions – Part 2: Pipes of Requirement Class B

10 208-3 Steel Pipes for Pipe Lines of Combustible Fluids –Technical Delivery Conditions – Part 3: Pipes of Requirement Class C

10 210 Hot finished Structural Hollow Sections for non-alloyand fine grain structural steels

10 216 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – 5 parts

10 216-1 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes withspecified room temperature properties

10 216-2 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steeltubes with specified elevated temperature properties

10 216-3 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes

10 216-4 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 4: Non-alloy and alloy steeltubes with specified low temperature properties

10 217 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – 7 parts

10 217-1 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes withspecified room temperature properties

10 217-2 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 2: Electric welded non-alloyand alloy steel tubes with specified elevated tempera-ture properties

10 217-3 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes


26

EN10 217-4 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technical

delivery conditions-Part 4: Electric welded non-alloysteel tubes with specified low temperature properties

10 217-5 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 5: Submerged arc weldednon-alloy steel tubes with specified elevated tempera-ture properties

10 217-6 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 6: Submerged arc weldednon-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperatureproperties

10 217-7 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes-Technicaldelivery conditions-Part 7: Stainless steel tubes

10 225 Weldable structural steel for fixed offshore structures

10 229 Evaluation of resistance of steels products to hydro-gen induced cracking (HIC)

10 246 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes – 18 parts fordifferent techniques and products (seamless, SAW,ERW)

10 256 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes – Qualificationand competence of level 1 and level 2 NDT personnel

12474 Cathodic protection of submarine pipelines

12495 Cathodic protection for fixed steel offshore structures

International Standards Organisation · ISO

ISO3183-1 Oil and Natural Gas Industries – Technical Delivery

Conditions for Steel Pipes for Combustible Fluids –Part 1: Pipes of Requirement Class A

3183-2 Oil and Natural Gas Industries – Technical DeliveryConditions for Steel Pipes for Combustible Fluids –Part 2: Pipes of Requirement Class B

3183-3 Oil and Natural Gas Industries – Technical DeliveryConditions for Steel Pipes for Combustible Fluids -Part 3: Pipes of Requirement Class C

ISO9000 Fundamentals and Vocabulary

9001 Quality Management Systems-Requirements

9004 Quality Management Systems-Guidelines for performance improvement

10 474 Metallic products-Types of inspection document

15 156 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries-Materials foruse in H2S-Containing environments in Oil and Gasproduction

15 156-1 General principles for selection of cracking-resistantmaterials

15 156-2 Cracking-resistant carbon and alloy steels, and theuse of cast iron

15 156-3 Cracking-resistant CRA’s (corrosion resistant alloys)and other alloys

MaterialsSour Service

27

Sour ServicePiping Materials exposed to sour environments, i.e. the presence of hydrogen sulphide, can be severly corroded. The main mechanismsare sulfide stress corrosion cracking, and hydrogen induced cracking. These can be prevented by the selection of appropriate materials,the main reference is ISO 15 156 (NACE MR 01-75). Linepipe steels are regularly modified to give added resistance to this corrosioninvolving suitable chemistry and heat treatment. In particular sulphur is kept very low to reduce the number of sulphides present, andthose remaining are globularised to discourage the entrapment of hydrogen.

NACE National Association of Corrosion EngineersMR 01-03 Material Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments

MR 01-75 Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment

TM 01-77 Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking in H2S Environments

TM 02-84 Evaluation of Pipeline Steels for Resistance to Stepwise Cracking

ISO 15 15615 156 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries-Materials for use in H2S-Containing environments in Oil and Gas production15 156-1 General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials

15 156-2 Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast iron15 156-3 Cracking-resistant CRA’s (corrosion resistant alloys) and other alloys

Sour GasIf total pressure is 448 kPa or greater and if partial pressure of H2S in the gas is greater than 0.34 kPa – see MR 01-75 for more details.

HIC Hydrogen Induced Cracking, stepwise cracking. Test pieces held in solution and evaluated after 96 hours with bubbling

H2S. NACE solution is an acidified sodium chloride solution with a pH of 8.1–8.3, BP solution is synthetic seawater

ASTM D 1141 with a pH of 2.9–3.0,.

HPIC Hydrogen pressure induced cracking

SOHIC Stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking

SSCC Material is held under stress in solution similar to HIC. There are four techniques (Methods A, B, C, D). Test duration isnormally 720 hours.

Ring Test Also known as Capcis test. Reference HSE OTI 95 635. Essentially HIC and SSCC test on al full ring which may or may

not contain a girth weld. The corrosive fluid is inside the stressed test ring.

Sulphur levels For carbon manganese piping materials levels of sulphur are restricted depending on the material or service. Levels of 0.015 max or 0.010 max are regularly applied. For line pipe in sour environments levels of 0.005 max or 0.003 max are available. Note that modern steelmaking enables levels of 0.001 to be reached.

Mechanisms The mechanism for hydrogen corrosion has five stages:

• Hydrogen absorption by exposing steel to sour environment

• Recombination of atomic hydrogen H to hydrogen gas H2 at internal interfaces between steel matrix and

• non-metallic inclusions

• Build up of gas pressure in the defective area

• Generation of tensile and shear stresses in the surrounding steel matrix

• Crack initiation

MaterialsLinepipe · EN Pressure Pipe

28

Line Pipe · Comparative Table of most commonly used Pipe SpecificationsAPI 5L 1 DIN BS EN 10 208 ISO 31833

Grade Specification Grade Specifiaction Grade Part Grade2 Part Grade2

B 17172 E240.7 3601 430 1, 2, 3 L245 1, 2, 3 L245

X42 17172 E290.7 1, 2, 3 L290 1, 2, 3 L290

X46 17172 E320.7

X52 17172 E360.7 3602 500Nb 1, 2, 3 L360 1, 2, 3 L360

X56 17172 E385.7

X60 17172 E415.7 2, 3 L415 1, 2, 3 L415

X65 17172 E445.7TM 2, 3 L450 1, 2, 3 L450

X70 17172 E480.7TM 2, 3 L485 1, 2, 3 L485

X80 17172 E550.7TM 2, 3 L555 1, 2, 3 L555

1 Two product levels depending on service PSL1 and PSL22 Grade designations have suffixes representing heat treatment condition3 ISO 3183 PT 1 is identical to API 5L PSL1

For mechanical and chemical properties see page 50.

EN Pressure Pipe · Comparative Table of EN, BS, DIN and NFAThis table gives the grade name in EN 10 216 and 10 217 and the equivalent grade name in BS 3059/3601-3604, DIN 17175 and17176 and NFA 49213. The tables does not distinguish between product forms but should be sufficient for the appropriate steel tobe found.

Grade Number BS DIN NFA

P235GH–TC2 1.0345 HFS360 St35.8/III TU 37–c

P265GH–TC1 1.0425 HFS430 St45.8/I TU 42–c

P265GH–TC2 1.0425 HFS430 St45.8/III TU 42–c

16Mo3 1.5415 15Mo3 TU 15D3

20MNNB6 1.0471 500Nb

14MoV6–3 1.7715 660 14MoV6-3 TU 10CD5–05

10CrMo5–5 1.7338 621

13CrMo4–5 1.7335 620 13CrMo 4 4 TU 13CD4–04

10CrMo9–10 1.7380 622 10CrMo9–10 TU 10CD9–10

15NICuMoNb5–6–4 1.6368 591 WB36

X11CrMo5+I 1.7362+I 625 12CrMo195G TU10ZCD5–05

X11CrMo5+NT1 1.7362+NT1 625 12CrMo195V1 TU10ZCD5–05

X11CrMo5+NT2 1.7362+NT2 625 12CrMo195V2 TU10ZCD5–05

X11CrMo9–1+I 1.7386+I 629 X12CrMo91G TUZ10CD9–1

X11CrMo9–1+NT 1.7386+NT 629 X12CrMo91V TUZ10CD9–1

X10CrMoVNb9–1 1.4903 T91/P91 TUZ10CDVNb9–1

X20CrMoV11–1 1.4922 X20CrMoV12–1

Materials

29

Structural Material · Comparative Table of most commonly used Pipe Specifications American European European Offshore EEMUA British French German

API ASTM EN 10 0251 EN 10 1131 EN 10 2253 1501 BS 43601, 2 NFA 35-5011, 2 DIN 17 1021, 2

5LB A36 S235 E24

A252 Grade 2

2H Grade 42 A252 Grade 3 S275 S275 275 275 43 E28 285

2W Grade 42 A572 Grade 42

5LX42 A633 Grade A

E295 A50–2 315

E335 A60–2

2H Grade 50 A572 Grade 50 S355 S355 355 355 50 E36 355

2W Grade 50 A633 Grade C

2W Grade 50T A633 Grade D

5LX52

E360 A70–2

2W Grade 60 A572 Grade 60 S420 420

A633 Grade E

A572 Grade 65 S460 450 450 55 460

Note, mechanical and chemical values vary with product form (plate, section, tubular), and thickness.1 The grades have prefixes and suffixes to indicate various parameters.2 These specifications are obsolete, replaced by EN 10 025 (BS EN 10 025, NF EN 10 025, DIN EN 10 025) and EN 10113.3 Replaces BS 7190


Structural Dimensional StandardsASTM A6 BS4, 4848 DIN 1025, 1026, 1028, 1029 EN 10029, 10034, 10055, 10056, 10067, 10210 ISO657/14

StructuralAmerican, British, German Specifications

MaterialsPressure PipeAmerican, British, German Specifications

30

Pressure Pipe · Comparative Table of most commonly used Pipe SpecificationsThese tables are for guidance only. It is important to check specifications for all parameters.

ASTM DIN1 BS1

Specification Grade Seamless(S) Equivalent Specification Grade Specification GradeWelded (W) ASTM

S or W

A53 B S+W 1626 (W) 44.0 3601 430

1629 (S) 42

A106 B S A671 CB65 17175 45.8 3602 pt1 430

A672 B65

C S A671 CB70 17175 17Mn4 3602 pt1 500Nb

A672 B70

A179 S A214 17175 35.8 3059 pt1 320

A213 T5 S 3604 625

T9 S 3059 629–470

T11 S

T12 S 17175 13CrMo44 3059 620–460

T22 S 17175 10CrMo910 3059 622–490

T91 S

A214 W A179 17177 37.8 3059 pt1 320

A312 304 S+W 17456+58 (S) 1.4301 3605 304–S31

17455+57 (W) 1.4301

304H S+W 3605 304–S–51(S)

304L S+W 17456+58 (S) 1.4306 3605 304–S–11

17455+57 (W) 1.4306

316 S+W 17456+58 (S) 1.4401 3605 316–S–31

17455+57 (W) 1.4436 3605 316–S–33

316H S+W 3605 316–S–51+52

316L S+W 17456+58 (s) 1.4404 3605 316–S–11

17455+57 (W) 1.4435 3605 316–S–13

321 S+W 17456+58 (S) 1.4541 3605 321–S–31

17455+57 (W) 1.4541

321H S+W 3605 321–S–51

347 S+W 17456+58 (S) 1.4550 3605 347–S–31

17455+57 (W) 1.4550

347H S+W 3605 347–S–51

A333 1 S+W 17173(S) 74 (W) TTST35N 3603 430LT

3 S+W 17173(S) 74 (W) 10Ni14 3603 503LT

6 S+W 17173(S) 74 (W) TTST35V 3603 430LT

A334 1 S+W 17173(S) 74 (W) TTST35N 3603 430LT

3 S+W 17173(S) 74 (W) 10Ni14 3603 503LT

6 S+W 17173(S) 74 (W) TTST35V 3603 430LT

A335 P1 S A691 CM–65 17175 15Mo3

P5 S A691 5CR 3604 625

P9 S A691 9CR 3604 629–470

P11 S A691 11/4CR

P12 S A691 1CR 17175 13CrMo44 3604 621

MaterialsPressure Pipe

American, British, German Specifications

31

These tables are for guidance only. It is important to check specifications for all parameters.

ASTM DIN1 BS1

Specification Grade Seamless(S) Equivalent Specification Grade Specification GradeWelded (W) ASTM

S or W

A335 P22 S A691 21/4CR 17175 10CrMo910 3604 622

P91 S

A358 304 W A312 304 17455+57 1.4301 3605 304–S–31

304H W A312 304H

304L W A312 304L 17455+57 1.4306 3605 304–S–11

316 W A312 316 17455+57 1.4436 3605 316–S–31/33

316H W A312 316H

316L W A312 316L 17455+57 1.4435 3605 316–S–11/13

321 W A312 321 17455+57 1.4541 3605 321–S–31

347 W A312 347 17455+57 1.4550 3605 347–S–31

A671 CC60 W A333 1 & 6 17174 TTST35N 3603 430LT

CF66 W A333 3 17174 10Ni14

CC65 W A333 1 & 6 1626 44.0 3603 430LT

CC70 W A106C 1626 52.0 3603 430LT

A672 B65 W A106B 1626 44.0 3602pt2 430

B70 W A106C 1626 52.0 3602pt2 430

A691 CM–65 W A335 P1 17177 15Mo3

1CR W A335 P12 17177 13CRMO44 3604 621

11/4CR W A335 P11

21/4CR W A335 P22 10CrMo910

5CR W A335 P5 12CrMo195

9CR W A335P9 X12CrMo91

1 These specifications are being replaced by EN


ASTM Grades · Types of Welding AllowedA53 ERW, Continous, Furnace Butt Welded

A214 ERW

A252 ERW, Flash Welded, Fusion Welded

A312, 333. 334 Automatic Welding, No Filler Metal

A358, 671, 672, 691 Fusion Welded with Filler Metal (SAW, DSAW)

ASTM A358 ClassesClass 1 Double Welded, Filler Metal, 100% X-Ray

Class 2 Double Welded, Filler Metal, No X-Ray

Class 3 Single Welded, Filler Metal, 100% X-Ray

Class 4 As class 3 except inside weld pass without Filler Metal

Class 5 Double Welded, Filler Metal, Spot X-Ray

MaterialsPressure PipeAmerican, British, German Specifications

32

ASTM A671, 672, 691 ClassesClass Heat Treatment X-Ray Pressure Test

10 None No No

11 None Yes No

12 None Yes Yes

13 None No Yes

20 Stress Relieve No No

21 Stress Relieve Yes No

22 Stress Relieve Yes Yes

23 Stress Relieve No Yes

30 Normalize No No

31 Normalize Yes No

32 Normalize Yes Yes

33 Normalize No Yes

40 Normalize and Temper No No

41 Normalize and Temper Yes No

42 Normalize and Temper Yes Yes

43 Normalize and Temper No Yes

50 Quench and Temper No No

51 Quench and Temper Yes No

52 Quench and Temper Yes Yes

53 Quench and Temper No yes

Note A671 also has class 6x (Normalize and Precipitation Heat Treatment) and 7x (Quench and Precipitation Heat Treatment)

ASTM A358, A671, A672, A691Plate specifications for pipe grades

Pipe Plate Pipe Plate

Specification Type Specification Type Specification Type Specification Type

ASTM A358 304 ASTM A240 304 ASTM A672 B60 ASTM A515 60

304L 304L B65 65

304H 304H B70 70

316 316 ASTM A691 CM65 ASTM A204 A

316L 316L 1CR ASTM A387 12 class 1

316H 316H 12 class 2

321 321 11/4CR 11 class 1

347 347 11 class 2

ASTM A671 CB65 ASTM A515 65 21/4CR 22 class 1

CB70 70 22 class 2

CC60 ASTM A516 60 5CR 5 class 1

CC65 65 5 class 2

CC70 70 9CR 9 class 1

CF66 ASTM A203 D 9 class 2

91 91 class 2

MaterialsBolts & Nuts


33

Comparative Table for Bolt and Nut specifications for use with flangesCorresponding Material GradesASTM DIN BS 4882

Bolts Nuts1 Steel Type Bolts Material BS1506 Recommended2 Nuts

A193 A194 2H C45 M2H

B5 3

B6 6 12%Cr B6 410S21–690 & 760 M6, M6K, M8

B6X

B7 7 1%Cr1/4%Mo B7 630–790 & 860 M2H, M4, M7, M8

B7M 7M 1%Cr1/4%Mo B7M 630–690 M2HM, M4M, M7M, M8A

B16 1%Cr1/2%Mo1/4%V B16 670–860 M4, M7, M8

B8 8 18Cr10Ni B8 304–S31 M8

B8A

B8C 8C 18Cr10NiNb B8C 347–S31 M8C

B8CA

B8M 8M 18Cr12Ni2Mo2.5Mo B8M 316–S31 M8M

B8MA

B8T 8T 18Cr10NiTi B8T 321–S31 M8T

B8TA

A320 L7 4, 7 1%Cr1/4%Mo L7 630–790 & 860 ML4, ML7, ML8

L7A 4, 7 1%Cr1/4%Mo

L7B 4, 7 1%Cr1/4%Mo

L7C 4, 7 1%Cr1/4%Mo

L7M 4, 7 1%Cr1/4%Mo L7M 630–690 ML4M, ML7M, M8A

B8 8 18Cr10Ni L8 304–S31 ML8

B8A

B8C 8C 18Cr10NiTi L8C 347–S31 ML8C

B8CA

B8M 8M 18Cr10Ni2Mo2.5Mo L8M 316–S31 ML8M

B8MA

B8T 8T 18Cr10NiTi L8T 321–S31 ML8T

B8TA

1 Equivalent nut grade is listed, however it is not necessary to use bolts and nuts of the same grade. See ANSI B16.5 table 1B for further guidance. For example B7 bolts are usually supplied with 2H nuts.

2 M refers to metric series. Inch series is the same number without M.


DimensionsAmerican Bolts ANSI B18.2.1

Nuts ANSI B18.2.2

Threads ANSI B1.1

British Bolts & Nuts BS4882

Threads ISO UNC � 1“, 8UN > 1“

German Bolts & Nuts DIN 267, 555, 2501, 2509, 2510

Threads DIN 2999

MaterialsFittings · FlangesAmerican, British, German Specifications

34

Comparative Tables for most commonly used standards for fittings and flangesASME B31.1 and B31.3: Corresponding material grades

Pipe Buttweld Fittings Forgings

Specification Grade Specification Grade Specification Grade

A106 B A234 WPB A105

A312 A358 304 A403 WP304 A182 F304

304H WP304H F304H

304L WP304L F304L

316 WP316 F316

316H WP316H F316H

316L WP316L F316L

321 WP321 F321

321H WP321H F321H

347 WP347 F347

347H WP347H F347H

A333 1 A420 A350 LF1

3 WPL3 LF3

6 WPL6 LF2

A335+A691 P1 CM–65 A234 WP1 A182 F1

P5 5CR WP5 F5

P9 9CR WP9 F9

P11 11/4CR WP11 F11

P12 1CR WP12 F12

P22 21/4CR WP22 F22

P91 WP91 F91

API5L X42 A860 WPHY42 A694 F42

X46 WPHY46 F46

X52 WPHY52 F52

X56 F56

X60 WPHY60 F60

X65 WPHYX65 F65

For mechanical and chemical properties see page 60 Buttweld Fittings and page 64 Forged Materials.For valve materials see page 278.

MaterialsFittings · Flanges


35

Comparative tables for most commonly used standards for fittings and flangesRelevant Standards for each product are listed. They do not correspond line by line.

Buttweld FittingsAmerican British German1

Materials Dimensions Materials and Dimensions Materials Dimensions

ASTM A234 ANSI B16.9 BS 1640 DIN 2609 DIN 2605

A403 B16.28 1965 refer to DIN 2606

A420 MSS SP 43 Standards for pipe 2615

A860 2616

2617

1 DIN standards are not exact equivalents.

Forged FittingsAmerican British German1

Materials Dimensions Materials and Dimensions Materials and Dimensions

ASTM A105 ANSI B16.11 BS 3799 DIN 2980

A182 MSS SP83 2983

A350 SP95 2986

A694 SP97 2987

2988

1 DIN standards are not exact equivalents.

FlangesAmerican British German2

Materials Dimensions Materials and Dimensions Materials and Dimensions

ASTM A105 ANSI B16.5 BS 1560pt.3.1 up to 24 in DIN 2519

A182 B16.47 BS 3293 over 24 in 2527

A350 API 6051 2566

A694 MSS SP441 2631

2632

2633

2634

2635

2636

2637

2638

1 Covered by ASME B16.47 2 DIN standards are not exact equivalents.

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesPressure PipeAmerican, British, German Specifications

36

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesPressure Pipe

Seamless/ Mechanical Properties (minimum values unless stated otherwise) Notes

Welded Yield Tensile Hardness Charpy Impact

N/mm2 N/mm2 HB max min J ave J T °C

ASTM A53 Grade B S+W 240 415 6, 7

EN 10216/7 pt 1 P235 TR 1 & 2 S+W 235 360–500 28 –10 1, 2

EN 10216/7 pt 1 P265 TR 1 & 2 S+W 265 410–570 28 –10 1, 2

BS 3601 st 430 S+W 275 430–570 3

DIN 1626 Grade 44.0 W 275 420–550 4, 5

DIN 1629 42 S 275 420–550 4, 5

ASTM A106 Grade B S 240 415 6, 7, 8

EN 10216 pt 2 P235 GH S 235 360–500 28 –10 1, 9, 10

EN 10216 pt 2 P265 GH S 265 410–570 28 –10 1, 9, 10

BS 3602 pt 1 st 430 S+W 275 430–570

DIN 17175 Grade 45.8 S 275 410–530 29 41 +20 4, 11, 12

ASTM A106 Grade C S 275 485 6, 7, 8

EN 10216 pt 3 P275 NL1 S 275 390–530 40 –40 13, 14

EN 10216 pt 3 P355 NL1 S 355 490–650 40 –40 13, 15

BS 3602 pt 1 st 500 Nb S 355 500–650 4, 16

DIN 17175 Grade 17 Mn 4 S 270 460–560 34 48 +20 4, 17

ASTM A179 S 72 HRB

EN 10216 pt 1 P195 TR 1 & 2 S 195 320–440 28 –10 1, 2

BS 3059 pt 1 st 320 S+W 195 320–480 18

DIN 17175 Grade 35.8 S 235 360–480 34 48 +20 4, 11, 17

ASTM A213 Grade T5 S 205 415 163

EN 10216 pt 2 X11CrMo5+1 S 175 430–580 40 +20 9, 19

BS 3604 st 625 S 170 450–600

ASTM A213 Grade T9 S 205 415 179

EN 10216 pt 2 X11CrMo9–1+1 S 210 460–640 40 +20 9, 19

BS 3059 st 629–470 S 185 470–620

ASTM A213 Grade T11 S 205 415 163

EN 10216 pt 2 10CrMo5–5 S 275 410–560 40 +20 9, 19

ASTM A213 Grade T12 S 220 415 163

EN 10216 pt 2 13CrMo4–5 S 290 440–590 40 +20 9, 19, 20

BS 3059 st 620–460 S+W 180 460–610

DIN 17175 13 Cr Mo44 S 290 440–590 34 48 +20 4, 11, 17, 21

For notes refer to page 46. For Line Pipe see page 50.

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical Properties

Pressure PipeAmerican, British, German Specifications

37

Chemical Properties % (maximum values unless stated otherwise)

C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Cu Ni Al Sn

0.30 1.20 0.05 0.045 0.40 0.15 0.40 0.40

0.16 0.35 1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.20 0.40 1.40 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.21 0.35 0.40–1.20 0.040 0.040

0.21 0.040 0.040

0.21 0.040 0.040

0.30 0.10 min 0.29–1.06 0.035 0.035 0.40 0.15 0.40 0.40

0.16 0.35 1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.20 0.40 1.40 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.21 0.10–0.35 0.40–1.20 0.035 0.035 0.06

0.21 0.10–0.35 0.40–1.20 0.040 0.040

0.35 0.10 min 0.29–1.06 0.035 0.035 0.40 0.15 0.40 0.40

0.16 0.40 0.50–1.50 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.50 0.020 min

0.18 0.50 0.90–1.70 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.22 0.15–0.35 1,00–1.50 0.035 0.030 0.06

0.14–0.20 0.20–0.40 0.90–1.20 0.040 0.040 0.30

0.06–0.18 0.27–0.63 0.035 0.035

0.13 0.35 0.70 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.16 0.10–0.35 0.30–0.70 0.040 0.040

0.17 0.10–0.35 0.40–0.80 0.040 0.040

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65

0.08–0.15 0.15–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.020 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65 0.30 0.040

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.60 0.25 0.30 0.02 0.03

0.15 0.25–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10

0.08–0.15 0.25–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.020 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10 0.30 0.04

0.15 0.25–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10 0.25 0.30 0.02 0.03

0.05–0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.020 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.65 0.30 0.30 0.040

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.61 0.025 0.025 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65

0.10–0.17 0.35 0.40–0.70 0.025 0.020 0.70–1.15 0.40–0.60 0.30 0.30 0.040

0.10–0.15 0.10–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.030 0.030 0.70–1.10 0.45–0.65 0.25 0.30 0.02 0.03

0.10–0.18 0.10–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.035 0.035 0.70–1.10 0.45–0.65

See notes for grade on facing page.

Materials

38

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesPressure PipeAmerican, British, German Specifications

Pressure PipeSeamless/ Mechanical Properties (minimum values unless stated otherwise) Notes



ASTM A213 Grade T22 S 205 415 163

EN 10216 pt 2 10CrMo9–10 S 280 480–630 40 +20 9, 19

BS 3059 st 622–490 S 275 490–640

DIN 17175 10 CrMo 910 S 280 450–600 34 48 +20 4, 17

ASTM A213 T91 S 415 585 250 22

EN 10216 pt 2 X10CrMoVNb9–1 S 450 630–830 40 +20 9, 19, 22

ASTM A214 W 72 HRB

EN 10217 pt 2 P195 GH W 195 320–440 28 –10 1, 2

BS 3059 pt 1 st 320 S+W 195 320–480

DIN 17177 Grade 37.8 W 235 360–480

ASTM A312 TP304 S+W 205 515

BS 3605 St 304–S–31 S+W 230 490–690

DIN 17456/58 W.-No. 1.4301 S 195 500–700

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4301 W 195 500–700

ASTM A312 TP304 H S+W 205 515

BS 3605 St 304–S–51 S 230 490–690

ASTM A312 TP304 L S+W 170 485 23

BS 3605 St 304–S–11 S+W 215 480–680

DIN 17456/58 W.-No. 1.4306 S 180 460–680

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4306 W 180 460–680

ASTM A312 TP316 S+W 205 515 24

BS 3605 St 316–S–31 S+W 240 510–710

BS 3605 St 316–S–33 S+W 240 510–710

DIN 17456/58 W.-No. 1.4401 S 205 510–710

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4436 W 205 510–710

ASTM A312 TP316 H S+W 205 515 24

BS 3605 St 316–S–51 & 52 S 240 510–710 25

ASTM A312 TP316 L S+W 170 485 23

BS 3605 St 316–S11 S+W 225 490–690

BS 3605 St 316–S–13 S+W 225 490–690

DIN 17456/58 W.-No. 1.4541 S 190 490–690

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4541 W 190 490–690


Materials

39





0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13

0.08–0.14 0.50 0.30–0.70 0.025 0.020 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.10 0.30 0.30 0.040

0.08–0.15 0.50 0.40–0.70 0.030 0.030 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.20 0.25 0.30 0.02 0.03

0.08–0.15 0.50 0.40–0.70 0.035 0.035 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.20

0.07–0.14 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 8.00–9.50 0.85–1.05 0.40 0.04

0.08–0.12 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 8.00–9.50 0.85–1.05 0.30 0.40 0.04

0.18 0.27–0.63 0.035 0.035

0.13 0.35 0.70 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.16 0.10–0.35 0.30–0.70 0.040 0.040

0.17 0.10–0.35 0.40–0.80 0.040 0.040

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–11.0

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.00–19.00 8.00–11.0

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 8.5–10.5

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 8.5–10.5

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–11.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.00–19.00 8.00–11.0

0.035 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–13.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00–20.00 10.0–12.5

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00–20.00 10.0–12.5

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 11.0–14.0

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.00–2.50 10.5–13.5

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.50–3.00 11.0–14.0

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.0–2.5 10.5–13.5

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.025 16.5–18.5 2.5–3.0 11.0–14.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 11.0–14.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.00–2.50 10.5–13.5

0.035 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.00–2.50 11.0–14.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.50–3.00 11.5–14.5

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.0–2.5 11.0–14.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.025 17.0–18.5 2.5–3.0 12.5–15.0


Materials

40





ASTM A312 TP321 S+W 205 515 4, 26, 27

BS 3605 St–S–31 S+W 235 510–710 28

DIN 17456/58 W.-No. 1.4404 S 200 500–730 28

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4435 W 200 500–730 28

ASTM A312 TP321H S+W 205 515 4, 29

BS 3605 St 321–S–51 S 235 510–710 28

ASTM A312 TP347 S+W 205 515 30

BS3605 St 347–S–31 S+W 240 510–710 30

DIN 17456/58 W.-No. 1.4550 S 205 510–740 30

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4550 W 205 510–740 30

ASTM A312 TP 347H S+W 205 515 31

BS 3605 St 347–S–51 S 240 510–740 32

ASTM A333/4 Grade 1 S+W 205 380 163 14 18 –45 33, 34

EN 10216/7 pt 4 P215NL S+W 215 360–480 40 –40 1, 35, 36

BS 3603 430 LT S+W 275 430–670 19 27 –50 4

DIN 17173/74 TT St 35 N S+W 225 340–460 28 40 –40 37

ASTM A333/4 Grade 3 S+W 240 450 190 14 18 –100 34

EN 10216 pt 4 12Ni14 S 345 40 –100 35, 39

BS 3603 St 503Lt S 245 440–590 19 27 –100

DIN 17173/74 10 Ni14 S+W 345 470–640 28 40 –100 4, 37, 39

ASTM A333/4 Grade 6 S+W 240 415 190 14 18 –45 33, 34

EN 10216 pt 4 P255QL S 255 360–490 40 –50 1, 35

EN 10216 pt 4 P265NL S 265 410–570 40 –40 1, 35

EN 10217 pt 4 P265NL W 265 410–570 40 –40 1, 41

BS 3603 430 LT S+W 275 430–570 19 27 –50 4

DIN 17173/74 TT ST 35V S+W 255 360–490 28 40 –50 4, 37

ASTM A335 Grade P1 S 205 380

EN 10216 pt 2 16Mo3 S 280 450–600 40 +20 9, 19, 20

DIN 17175 15Mo3 S 270 450–600 34 48 +20 4, 17, 42


EN 10216 pt 2 X11CrMo 5+1 S 175 430–580 40 +20 19

BS 3604 625 S 170 450–600


Materials

41





0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–13.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–13.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–13.00

0.30 0.40–1.06 0.025 0.025

0.15 0.35 0.40–1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.20 0.35 0.60–1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02 min

0.17 0.35 0.40 min 0.030 0.025 0.020 min

0.19 0.18–0.37 0.31–0.64 0.025 0.025 3.18–3.82

0.15 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.010 0.30 3.25–3.75

0.15 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.020 3.25–3.75 0.02 min

0.15 0.35 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.020 3.25–3.75

0.30 0.10 min 0.29–1.06 0.025 0.025

0.17 0.35 0.40–1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.17 0.35 0.40–1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.20 0.4 0.60–1.40 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.20 0.35 0.60–1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02 min

0.17 0.35 0.40 min 0.030 0.025 0.02 min

0.10–0.20 0.10–0.50 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.025 0.44–0.65

0.12–0.20 0.35 0.40–0.90 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.25–0.35 0.30 0.040

0.12–0.20 0.10–0.35 0.40–0.80 0.035 0.035 0.25–0.35

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65

0.08–0.15 0.15–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.020 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65 0.30 0.040

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65 0.25 0.30 0.02 0.03


Materials

42






EN 10216 pt 2 X11CrMo9–1+1 S 210 460–640 40 +20 9, 19

BS 3604 629–470 S 185 470–620


EN 10216 pt 2 10CrMo5–5 S 275 410–560 40 +20 9, 19


EN 10216 pt 2 13 CrMo4–5 S 290 440–590 40 +20 9, 19, 20

BS 3604 621 S 275 420–570

BS 3604 621 W 340 515–690

DIN 17175 13 CrMo44 S 290 440–590 34 48 +20 4, 17, 21


EN 10216 pt 2 10CrMo9–10 S 280 480–630 40 +20 9, 19

BS 3604 622 S 275 490–620

BS 3604 622 W 340 515–690

DIN 17175 10 CrMo 910 S 280 450–600 34 48 +20 4, 21

ASTM A335 Grade P91 S 415 585 250 22

EN 10216 pt 2 X10CrMoVNb9–1 S 450 630–830 40 +20 9, 19, 22

ASTM A358 TP304 W 205 515 201 27

BS 3605 304–S–31 S+W 230 490–690

DIN 17455/57 1.4301 W 195 500–700

ASTM A358 TP304 L W 170 485 201 27

BS 3605 304–S–11 S+W 215 480–680

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4306 W 180 460–680

ASTM A358 TP304 H W 205 515 210

ASTM A358 TP316 W 205 515 217 27

BS 3605 316–S–31 & 33 S+W 240 510–710 43

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4436 W 205 510–710

ASTM A358 TP316L W 170 485 217 27

BS 3605 316–S–11 & 13 S+W 225 490–690 44

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4435 W 190 490–690


Materials

43





0.15 0.25–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10

0.08–0.15 0.25–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.020 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10 0.30 0.04

0.15 0.25–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10 0.25 0.30 0.02 0.03

0.05–0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.020 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.65 0.30 0.30 0.040

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.61 0.025 0.025 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65

0.10–0.17 0.35 0.40–0.70 0.025 0.020 0.70–1.15 0.40–0.60 0.30 0.30 0.040

0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.60 0.25 0.30 0.02 0.03

0.09–0.17 0.50–0.70 0.40–0.65 0.025 0.015 1.00–1.25 0.45–0.60 0.30 0.30 0.02

0.10–0.18 0.10–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.035 0.035 0.70–1.10 0.45–0.65

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13

0.08–0.14 0.50 0.30–0.70 0.025 0.020 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.10 0.30 0.30 0.040

0.08–0.15 0.50 0.40–0.70 0.030 0.030 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.10 0.25 0.30 0.03

0.09–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.015 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.10 0.30 0.30

0.08–0.15 0.50 0.40–0.70 0.035 0.035 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.20

0.08–0.12 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 8.00–9.50 0.85–1.05 0.40 0.04

0.08–0.12 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 8.00–9.50 0.85–1.05 0.30 0.40 0.04

0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00–20.00 8.00–10.50

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.00–19.00 8.00–11.00

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 8.5–10.5

0.030 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00–20.00 8.00–12.00

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00–20.00 10.0–12.5

0.04–0.10 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00–20.00 8.00–10.5

0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.00–18.00 2.00–3.00 10.00–14.00

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 16.50–18.50 2.00–2.50 10.5–13.5

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.020 16.50–18.50 2.50–3.00 11.0–14.0

0.030 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.00–18.00 2.00–3.00 10.00–14.00

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 16.50–18.50 2.00–2.50 11.0–14.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.025 17.00–18.50 2.50–3.00 12.5–15.0


Materials

44





ASTM A358 TP316H W 205 515 217

ASTM A358 TP321 W 205 515 217 27, 45

BS3605 321–S–31 S+W 235 510–710 28

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4541 W 200 500–730 28

ASTM A358 TP347 W 205 515 217 46

BS 3605 347–S–31 S+W 240 510–710 46

DIN 17455/57 W.-No. 1.4550 W 205 510–710 30

ASTM A671 CC60: A516Gr.60 W 220 415–550 14 18 –51 47

EN 10217 pt 6 P215NL W 215 360–480 40 –40 1, 36

BS 3603 430 LT S+W 275 430–570 19 27 –50 4

DIN17174 Grade TTST35N W 225 340–460 27 40 –40 4, 37

ASTM A671 CF66: A203Gr.D W 255 450–585 14 18 –101 38

DIN 17174 Grade 10 Ni14 W 345 470–640 27 40 –100 4, 37, 39

ASTM A671 CC65: A516 Gr.65 W 240 450–585 14 18 –51 47

BS 3603 430LT S+W 275 430–570 19 27 –50 4

DIN 1626 44.0 W 275 420–550 4, 48

ASTM A671 CC70: A516 Gr.70 W 260 485–620 21 17 –46 47

EN 10217 pt 6 P265NL W 265 410–570 40 –40 1, 49

BS 3603 430LT S+W 275 430–570 19 27 –50 4

DIN 1626 52.0 W 355 500–650 4

ASTM A672 B65: A515 Gr.65 W 240 450–585 50

EN 10217 pt 5 P235GH W 235 360–500 28 –10 1, 9, 10, 49

BS 3602 430 W 250 430–550 51

DIN 1626 St 44 W 275 420–550 4, 48

ASTM A672 B70: A515 Gr.70 W 260 485–620 50

En 10217 pt 5 P265GH W 265 410–570 28 –10 1, 9, 10, 49

BS3602 430 W 250 430–550 51

DIN 1626 St 52.0 W 355 500–650 4

ASTM A691 CM–65: A204 Gr.A W 255 450–585 50

EN 10217 pt 5 16Mo3 W 280 450–600 28 –10 9, 10, 20, 49

DIN 17177 15Mo3 W 270 450–600


Materials

45





0.04–0.10 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.00–18.00 2.00–3.00 10.00–14.00

0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00

0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–13.00

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00

0.21 0.15–0.40 0.60–0.90 0.035 0.035

0.15 0.35 0.40–1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.3 0.3 0.020 min

0.20 0.35 0.60–1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02 min

0.17 0.35 0.40 min 0.030 0.025 0.02 min

0.17 0.15–0.40 0.70 0.035 0.035 3.25–3.75

0.15 0.35 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.020 3.25–3.75

0.24 0.15–0.40 0.85–1.20 0.035 0.035

0.20 0.35 0.60–1.20 0.030 0.030 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.30 0.02 min

0.21 0.040 0.040

0.27 0.15–0.40 0.85–1.20 0.035 0.035

0.20 0.40 0.60–1.40 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.20 0.35 0.60–1.20 0.030 0.030 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.02 min

0.22 0.55 1.60 0.040 0.035 0.02 min

0.28 0.15–0.40 0.90 0.035 0.035

0.16 0.35 1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.25 0.10–0.35 0.60–1.40 0.030 0.030 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.30

0.21 0.040 0.040

0.31 0.15–0.40 1.20 0.035 0.035

0.20 0.40 1.40 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.08 0.30 0.30 0.020 min

0.25 0.10–0.35 0.60–1.40 0.030 0.030 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.30

0.22 0.55 1.60 0.035 0.020 min

0.18 0.15–0.40 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.45–0.60

0.12–0.20 0.35 0.40–0.90 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.25–0.35 0.30 0.30 0.40

0.12–0.20 0.10–0.35 0.40–0.80 0.035 0.035 0.25–0.35

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesPressure PipeAmerican, British, German Specifications

46




ASTM A691 1CR: A387 12 Cl.1 W 230 380–550

ASTM A691 1CR: A387 12 Cl.2 W 275 450–585

BS 3604 621 W 340 515–690

ASTM A691 11/4 CR: A387 11 Cl.1 W 240 415–585

ASTM A691 11/4 CR: A387 11 Cl.2 W 310 515–690

ASTM A691 21/4 CR: A387 22 Cl.1 W 205 415–585 52

ASTM A691 21/4 CR: A387 22 Cl.2 W 310 515–690

ASTM A 691 5CR: A387 5 Cl. 1 W 205 415–585

ASTM A 691 5CR: A387 5 Cl. 2 W 310 515–690

ASTM A691 9CR: A387 9 Cl. 1 W 205 415–585

ASTM A691 9CR: A387 9 Cl. 2 W 310 515–690

ASTM A691 91CR: A387 91 Cl. 2W 415 585–760 22


1 Nb 0.010, Ti 0.40 (0.030 welded), V 0.02 max2 Al and charpy impacts only for TR23 SAW C 0.25, Si 0.50, Mn no minimum4 Mechanical properties vary with dimensions5 N 0.009 max unless fully killed6 Cr + Mo + V + Ni + Cu � 1.007 V 0.08 max8 For each C 0.01 below max. Mn can increase 0.06 to 1.35 max.9 Yield for 16 mm max, thicker wall t yield reduced

10 Cr + Mo + Cu + Ni 0.70 max, charpy 0 deg C L 40J, T 27J11 No minimum Si if aluminium killed or vacuum degassed12 Charpies for t > 30mm. Transverse values are 27/19J13 Different suffixes have different charpy impact and elevated temperature

properties, Cr + Mo + Cu 0.45 max, N 0.020, Nb 0.05, Ti 0.0414 Nb + Ti + V 0.05 max, V 0.05 max15 Nb + Ti + V 0.12 max, V 0.10 max16 Nb 0.015–0.1017 Charpies for t � 30mm. Transverse values are 34/24J18 For welded C 0.19 and also if rimming steel used no minimum Si19 Charpy impacts 20 deg C 27 Joules transverse20 For wall t � 30 mm, C + 0.0221 C 0.20 for t � 30mm22 V 0.18–0.25, Nb 0.06–0.10, N 0.030–0.07023 C 0.040 for OD < 12.7 mm or wall < 1.2 mm24 For welded Ni 10.0–14.025 For grade S52 B 0.0015–0.00626 5C � Ti � 0.70


Pressure PipeAmerican, British, German Specifications

47



0.05–0.17 0.15–0.40 0.40–0.65 0.035 0.035 0.80–1.15 0.45–0.60

0.05–0.17 0.15–0.40 0.40–0.65 0.035 0.035 0.80–1.15 0.45–0.60

0.09–0.17 0.50–0.70 0.40–0.65 0.025 0.015 1.00–1.25 0.45–0.60 0.30 0.30 0.020

0.05–0.17 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.65 0.035 0.035 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.65

0.05–0.17 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.65 0.035 0.035 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.65

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.035 0.035 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.10

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.035 0.035 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.10

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.035 0.030 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.035 0.030 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65

0.15 1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10

0.15 1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10

0.08–0.12 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 8.00–9.50 0.85–1.05 0.40 0.04


27 N 0.010 max28 5C � Ti � 0.8029 4C � Ti � 0.6030 10C � Nb � 1.0031 8C � Nb � 1.0032 10C � Nb � 1.2033 For each C 0.01 below max. Mn can increase 0.05 to 1.35 max34 Hardness for A334 only35 Wall thickness 40 mm max for seamless36 Wall thickness 10 mm max for charpy impacts37 Charpy test temperature varies with t. Transverse charpies by agreement38 C 0.20, Mn 0.80 for t > 2 in. Charpies must be specified by customer39 V 0.05 max40 Charpy impacts vary with wall t; transverse charpies different values41 Charpy impacts wall t max 16 mm, –40 deg C 27 Joules transverse, other values at higher temperatures42 C 0.22 for t � 30 mm43 Welded Mo 2.5–3.0, Ni 11.0–14.044 Welded Mo 2.5–3.0, Ni 11.5–14.545 5(C+N) � Ti � 0.7046 10C � Nb � 1.047 Charpies are optional and vary with t. C and Mn increase with plate t48 N 0.00949 Charpy impacts other temperatures and values also specified50 Carbon is for t � 25.4 mm. Higher values for higher t51 Cr + Mo + Cu + Ni � 0.7052 C 0.17 for t � 5in, 125 mm on product analysis

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesCasing & Tubing

48

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesCasing and Tubing

Mechanical Properties (minimum values unless stated otherwise)

Yield1 min Yield1 max Tensile Hardness2 Charpy Impact3

N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 HRC min J ave J T°C

H40 276 552 414 11 16 –10

J55 379 552 517 13 20 –10

K55 379 552 655 13 20

N80 552 758 689 9 14 –10

L80 type 1 552 655 655 23 9 14 –10

L80 9Cr 552 655 655 23 9 14 –10

L80 13Cr 552 655 655 23 9 14 –10

C90 type 1 621 724 689 25.4 9 14 –10

C90 type 2 621 724 689 25.4 9 14 –10

C95 655 758 724 9 14 –10

T95 type 1 655 758 724 25.4 9 14 –10

T95 type 2 655 758 724 25.4 9 14 –10

P110 758 965 862 14 20 –10

Q125 type 1 862 1034 931 14 20 0

Q125 type 2 862 1034 931 14 20 0

Q125 type 3 862 1034 931 14 20 0

Q125 type 4 862 1034 931 14 20 0

1 0.50% proof except P110 0.60%, Q125 0.65%2 BHN test acceptable3 Tests are by agreement to SR16. Values here are minimum transverse for pipe. Values required vary with wall thickness and orientation. Test

temperature can be 0°C or +21°C as required by purchaser. There are different requirements for couplars.


Casing & Tubing

49

Chemical Analysis (maximum values unless stated otherwise)

Notes

C Mn Mo Cr Ni Cu P S Si

0.030 0.030

0.030 0.030

0.030 0.030

0.030 0.030

0.43 1.90 0.25 0.35 0.030 0.030 0.45 1

0.15 0.30–0.60 0.90–1.10 8.00–10.00 0.50 0.25 0.020 0.010 1.00

0.15–0.22 0.25–1.00 12.00–14.00 0.50 0.25 0.020 0.010 1.00

0.35 1.00 0.25–0.75 1.20 0.99 0.020 0.010 2

0.50 1.90 NL NL 0.99 0.030 0.010

0.45 1.90 0.030 0.030 0.45 1

0.35 1.20 0.25–0.85 0.40–1.50 0.99 0.020 0.010 2

0.50 1.90 0.99 0.030 0.010

0.030 0.030 3

0.35 1.00 0.75 1.20 0.99 0.020 0.010

0.35 1.00 NL NL 0.99 0.020 0.020

0.50 1.90 NL NL 0.99 0.030 0.010

0.50 1.90 NL NL 0.99 0.030 0.020

1 C 0.50 if oil quenched L80, 0.55, C95 2 If wall <17.78mm, Mo for C 90 has no minimum,T95 type 1 minimum is 0.153 For EW P 0.020, S 0.010

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesLine PipeAmerican, British and German Specifications

50

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesLine Pipe

Mechanical Properties (minimum unless stated otherweise) Notes

Yield Tensile Charpy Impact

N/mm2 N/mm2 min J ave J T °C

API 5L Grade B PSL1 241 414 1, 2

API 5L Grade B PSL 2 241–448 414–758 27T or 41L 0 2, 3, 4, 5,12

DIN 17172 E240.7 240 370–490 6

EN 10208–1 L235 GA 225 370–510 7

EN 10208–1 L245 GA 245 415–555 7

EN 10208–2 L245 NB 245–440 415 30 40 0 8, 9, 10

L245 MB 245–440 415 30 40 0 8, 9 ,10

BS 3601 430 275 430–570

API 5L X42 PSL 1 290 414 1, 2, 9

API 5L X42 PSL 2 290–496 414–758 27T or 41L 2, 4, 5, 9

DIN 17172 E290.7 TM 290 420–540 6, 11

EN 10208–1 L290 GA 290 415–555 7

EN 10208–2 L290 NB 290–440 415 30 40 0 8, 9, 10

L290 MB 290–440 415 30 40 0 8, 9, 10

API 5L X46 PSL 1 317 434 1, 2, 9

API 5L X46 PSL 2 317–524 434–758 27T or 41L 2, 4, 5, 9

DIN 17172 E320.7 TM 320 460–580 6, 11

API 5L X52 PSL 1 359 455 1, 2, 9

API 5L X52 PSL 2 359–531 455–758 27T or 41L 2, 4, 5, 9

DIN 17172 E360.7 TM 360 510–630 6, 11

EN 10208–1 L360 GA 360 460–620 7

EN 10208–2 L360 NB 360–510 460 30 40 0 7, 8, 9, 10

L360 QB 360–510 460 30 40 0 8, 9, 10

L360 MB 360–510 460 30 40 0 8, 9, 10

BS 3602 500 NB 355 500–650

1 Carbon 0.26 for welded, Mn 1.45 X65 welded 1.65 X70 welded2 Nb + V + Ti 0.15 max3 Longitudinal tests 496 max. yield4 0.22C for welded, Mn 1.45 X65 welded, 1.65 X70 welded, 1.85 X80 welded5 CE when C greater than 0.12. If less then PCM 0.25 max6 DIN 17172 has allowances for chemical analysis and physical properties.7 Nb + V + Ti 0.15 for L290 and L360. 0.015 � Altotal < 0.060 all grades8 CU 0.25, 0.015 � Al � 0.060, AL:N � 2:1, N 0.0129 For each reduction of C by 0.01 Mn can increase 0.05 to a maximum of 1.50, (1.65 for X56 X60 X65, 2.00 X70 X80).

10 Charpies are transverse. These are minimum valves, higher valves required for some sizes and safety factors.11 For each reduction of C by 0.01 Mn can increase 0.05 to a maximum of 1.90.12 Nb + V 0.06 max

For Pressure Pipe see page 36.


Line PipeAmerican, British and German Specifications

51


C Si Mn P S Cr Mo V Ni Nb Ti CE Prod

0.28 1.20 0.030 0.030 0.04

0.24 1.20 0.025 0.015 0.04 0.43

0.17 0.45 0.40–1.90 0.040 0.035

0.16 0.40 1.20 0.030 0.030

0.20 0.40 1.15 0.030 0.030

0.16 0.40 1.1 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.42

0.16 0.45 1.5 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.10 0.04 0.30 0.04 0.40

0.21 0.35 0.40–1.20 0.040 0.040

0.28 1.30 0.030 0.030 0.04

0.24 1.30 0.025 0.015 0.04 0.43

0.04–0.12 0.40 0.50–1.50 0.035 0.025

0.20 0.40 1.40 0.030 0.030

0.17 0.40 1.2 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.30 0.05 0.04 0.42

0.16 0.45 1.5 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.10 0.04 0.30 0.04 0.40

0.28 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.04

0.24 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.04 0.43

0.04–0.12 0.40 0.70–1.50 0.035 0.025

0.28 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.04

0.24 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.04 0.43

0.04–0.12 0.45 0.90–1.50 0.035 0.025

0.22 0.55 1.45 0.030 0.030

0.20 0.45 1.60 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.05 0.04 0.45

0.16 0.45 1.40 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.30 0.05 0.04 0.42

0.16 0.45 1.60 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.30 0.05 0.04 0.41

0.22 0.15–0.35 1.00–1.50 0.035 0.030 0.015–0.10

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesLine PipeAmerican, British and German Specifications

52

Line PipeMechanical Properties (minimum unless stated otherweise) Notes



API 5L X56 PSL 1 386 490 1, 2, 9

API 5L X56 PSL 2 386–544 490–758 27T or 41L 2, 4, 5, 9

DIN 17172 E385.7 TN 385 530–680 6, 11

API 5L X60 PSL 1 414 517 1, 2, 9

API 5L X60 PSL 2 414–565 517–758 27T or 41L 2, 4, 5, 9

DIN 17172 E415.7 TM 415 550–700 6, 11

EN 10208–2 L415 NB 415–565 520 30 40 0 7, 8, 9, 10

L415 QB 415–565 520 30 40 0 7, 8, 9, 10

L415 MB 415–565 520 30 40 0 7, 8, 9, 10

API 5L X65 PSL 1 448 531 1, 2, 9

API 5L X65 PSL 2 448–600 531–758 27T or 41L 2, 4, 5, 9

DIN 17172 E445.7 TM 445 560–710 6, 11

EN 10208–2 L450 QB 450–570 535 30 40 0 7, 8, 9, 10

L450 MB 450–570 535 30 40 0 7, 8, 9, 10

API 5L X70 PSL 1 483 565 1, 2, 9

API 5L X70 PSL 2 483–621 565–758 27T or 41L 2, 4, 5, 9

DIN 17172 E 480.7 TM 480 600–750 6 ,11

EN 10208–2 L485 QB 485–605 570 30 46 7, 8, 9, 10

L485 Mn 485–605 570 30 46 7, 8, 9, 10

API 5L X80 PSL 2 552–690 621–827 68T 101L 0 2, 4, 9

EN 10208–2 L555 QB 555–675 625 36 48 0 7, 8, 9, 10

L555 MN 555–675 625 36 48 0 7, 8, 9, 10

1 Carbon 0.26 for welded, Mn 1.45 X65 welded 1.65 X70 welded2 Nb + V + Ti 0.15 max3 Longitudinal tests 496 max. yield4 0.22C for welded, Mn 1.45 X65 welded, 1.65 X70 welded, 1.85 X80 welded5 CE when C greater than 0.12. If less then PCM 0.25 max6 DIN 17172 has allowances for chemical analysis and physical properties.7 Nb + V + Ti 0.15 for L290 and L360. 0.015 � Altotal < 0.060 all grades8 CU 0.25, 0.015 � Al � 0.060, AL:N � 2:1, N 0.0129 For each reduction of C by 0.01 Mn can increase 0.05 to a maximum of 1.50, (1.65 for X56 X60 X65, 2.00 X70 X80).

10 Charpies are transverse. These are minimum valves, higher valves required for some sizes and safety factors.11 For each reduction of C by 0.01 Mn can increase 0.05 to a maximum of 1.90.12 Nb + V 0.06 max

For Pressure Pipe see page 36.


Line PipeAmerican, British and German Specifications

53


C Si Mn P S Cr Mo V Ni Nb Ti CE Prod

0.28 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.04

0.24 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.04 0.43

0.04–0.14 0.45 1.00–1.65 0.035 0.025

0.28 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.04

0.24 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.04 0.43

0.04–0.14 0.45 1.00–1.65 0.035 0.025

0.21 0.45 1.6 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.15 0.30 0.05 0.04

0.16 0.45 1.6 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.08 0.30 0.05 0.04 0.43

0.16 0.45 1.6 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.08 0.30 0.05 0.06 0.42

0.28 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.06

0.24 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.06 0.43

0.04–0.16 0.55 1.00–1.60 0.035 0.025

0.16 0.45 1.6 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.09 0.30 0.05 0.06 0.45

0.16 0.45 1.6 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.10 0.30 0.05 0.06 0.43

0.28 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.06

0.24 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.06 0.43

0.04–0.16 0.55 1.10–1.70 0.035 0.025

0.16 0.45 1.7 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.10 0.30 0.05 0.06 0.45

0.16 0.45 1.7 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.10 0.30 0.06 0.06 0.43

0.24 1.40 0.025 0.015 0.06

0.16 0.45 1.8 0.025 0.020 0.50 0.35 0.10 0.60 0.06 0.06

0.16 0.45 1.8 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.35 0.10 0.30 0.06 0.06

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesStructural MaterialsAmerican, British, European Specifications

54

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesStructural Materials

Mechanical Properties (minimum unless stated otherweise) Notes



EN 10 025–2 S235JR 235 360–510 19 27 20 1, 2, 3

EN 10 025–2 S235JO 235 360–510 19 27 0 2, 3

EN 10 025–2 S235J2 235 360–510 19 27 –20 3

ASTM A 36 250 400–550

ASTM A 252 Grade 2 240 415

API 5L B PSL1 241 414

EN 10 025–2 S275JR 275 430–580 19 27 20 1, 2, 3

EN 10 025–2 S275JO 275 430–580 19 27 0 2, 3

EN 10 025–2 S275J2 275 430–580 19 27 –20 3

EN 10 113–2 S275N 275 370–510 28 40 –20 4, 5

EN 10 025–3 S275N 275 370–510 28 40 –20 6

EN 10 113–2 S275NL 275 370–510 19 27 –50 4, 5

EN 10 025–3 S275N 275 370–510 19 27 –50 6

EN 10 113–3 S275M 275 360–510 28 40 –20 4, 7, 8

EN 10 025–4 S275M 275 370–530 28 40 –20 4, 6

EN 10 113–3 S275ML 275 360–510 19 27 –50 4, 7, 8

EN 10 025–4 S275ML 275 370–530 19 27 –50 4, 6

ASTM A 633 Grade A 290 430–570

ASTM A 572 Grade 42 290 415 9

ASTM A 252 Grade 3 310 455

API 2H Grade 42 289 427–565 27 34 –40 10

API 2W Grade 42 290–462 427 27 34 –40 11

API 5L X42 PSL1 290 414

BS 7191 275D 275 430–580 28 40 –20

BS 7191 275E 275 430–580 28 40 –40

EN 10 025–2 E295 295 490–660 2

EN 10 025–2 E335 335 590–770 2

General Note: variations in properties are specified based on product form and thickness: Properties here are generally for plates � 16 mm, generally yield decreases with increased thickness. Several specifications have many variations of detail designated with different suffixes.

1 Charpies only if specified in order 10 Ce 0.0100, V, Zr with customer agreement, for t.2 1/2 in2 If Al > 0.020 no limit on N. Cu 0.55 for grades 235, 275, 355, 450 CE 0.45 and for Gr 50 yield 324 min.3 Cu 0.55 11 PCM 0.22, 0.23 for Gr 60; Ni 0.75, 1.0 for Gr 60; Cr 0.25;4 Minimum Al does not apply if sufficient N binding elements are present Mo 0.08; Cu 0.35; Ti 0.003–0.02 if N � 0.0055 Cr 0.30; Mo 0.10; Ni 0.30; Cu 0.35 12 Cr 0.30; Mo 0.10; Ni 0.50; Cu 0.356 Cr 0.30; Ni 0.30; Mo 0.10; Cu 0.55 13 Cr 0.30; Mo 0.010; Ni 0.50; Cu 0.557 Cr + Mo + Cu � 0.60 14 tot AI/N ratio 2:1, not applicable when other N binding8 Mo 0.20; Ni 0.30 elements are present9 Mn increase by 0.06 to 1.50 max for each 0.01 C below max. 15 Cr 0.25; Mo 0.08; Ni 0.50; Cu 0.30; Nb + V 0.06;

Restrictions on Nb, V. Ti & N depending on type Nb + V + Ti 0.08


Structural MaterialsAmerican, British, European Specifications

55


C Si Mn P S V Nb Ti Al N CE

0.17 1.40 0.035 0.035 0.012 0.35

0.17 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.012 0.35

0.17 1.40 0.025 0.025 0.35

0.25 0.40 0.80–1.20 0.04 0.05

0.050

0.28 1.20 0.030 0.030

0.21 1.50 0.035 0.035 0.012 0.40

0.18 1.50 0.030 0.030 0.012 0.40

0.18 1.50 0.025 0.025 0.40

0.18 0.40 0.50–1.40 0.035 0.030 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.015 0.40

0.18 0.40 0.50–1.50 0.030 0.025 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.40

0.16 0.40 0.50–1.40 0.030 0.025 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.015 0.40

0.16 0.40 0.50–1.50 0.025 0.020 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.40

0.13 0.50 1.50 0.035 0.030 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.34

0.13 0.50 1.50 0.030 0.025 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.34

0.13 0.50 1.50 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.34

0.13 0.50 1.50 0.025 0.020 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.34

0.18 0.15–0.50 1.00–1.35 0.035 0.04 0.05

0.21 0.40 0.80–1.35 0.04 0.05

0.050

0.18 0.05–0.40 0.90–1.60 0.030 0.010 0.04 0.02 0.02–0.06 0.012 0.43

0.16 0.05–0.40 0.90–1.35 0.03 0.010 0.03 0.007–0.02 0.02–0.06 0.012 0.39

0.28 1.20 0.030 0.030

0.16 0.50 1.25 0.040 0.040 0.003–0.010 0.003–0.0100.41

0.16 0.10–0.50 1.50 0.040 0.030 0.39

0.045 0.045 0.012

0.045 0.045 0.012


16 As 0.03; Sb 0.010; Sn 0.020; Pb 0.010; Bi 0.010; Ca 0.005; B 0.0005 24 Cr 0.30; Mo 0.010; Ni 0.80; Cu 0.5517 PCM 0.22 N 0.21 M, M condition CE 0.41 25 Cr 0.30; Mo 0.20; Ni 0.80; Cu 0.5518 Cr 0.20; Mo 0.08; Ni 0.70; Cu 0.30; Nb + V 0.06; Nb + V + Ti 0.08 26 Cr 0.25; Mo 0.25; Ni 0.70; Cu 0.30; Cr + Mo + Ni + Cu 0.09;19 Mn 1.60 if C � 0.18 Nb + V 0.09; Nb + V + Ti 0.1120 Cr 0.25; Mo 0.08; Ni 0.25; Cu 0.35 27 C 0.15 if t < 15 mm21 Cr 0.25; Mo 0.08; Ni 0.45; Cu 0.30 28 V + Nb + Ti � 0.22 Mo + Cr < + 0.3022 If Cu > 0.35 then Ni at least half of Cu 29 Mo 0.20; Ni 0.4523 Cr 0.30; Mo 0.10; Ni 0.80; Cu 0.70 30 Cr 0.30; Mo 0.25; Ni 0.65; Cu 0.30

Materials

56

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesStructural MaterialsAmerican, British, European Specifications

Structural MaterialsMechanical Properties (minimum unless stated otherweise) Notes



EN 10 025–2 S355JR 355 510–680 19 27 20 1, 2, 3

EN 10 025–2 S355JO 355 510–680 19 27 0 2, 3

EN 10 025–2 S355J2 355 510–680 19 27 –20 3

EN 10 025–2 S355K2 355 510–680 28 40 –20 3

EN 10 113–2 S355N 355 470–630 28 40 –20 4, 12

EN 10 025–3 S355N 355 470–630 28 40 –20 13

EN 10 113–2 S355NL 355 460–630 19 27 –50 4, 12

EN 10 025–3 S355NL 355 470–630 19 27 –50 13

EN 10 113–3 S355M 355 450–610 28 40 –20 4, 7, 8

EN 10 025–4 S355M 355 470–630 28 40 –20 4, 13

EN 10 113–3 S355ML 355 450–610 19 27 –50 4, 7, 8

EN 10 025–4 S355ML 355 470–630 19 27 –50 4, 13

EN 10 225 S355G2+N 355 470–630 35 50 –20 12, 14

EN 10 225 S355G3+N 355 470–630 35 50 –40 12, 14

EN 10 225 S355G5+M 355 470–610 35 50 –20 8, 14

EN 10 225 S355G6+M 355 470–610 35 50 –40 8, 14

EN 10 225 S355G7+N & M 355 470–630 35 50 –40 14, 15, 16

EN 10 225 S355G8+N & M 355 470–630 35 50 –40 14, 15, 16

EN 10 225 S355G9+N & M 355 470–630 35 50 –40 14, 15, 16, 17

EN 10 225 S355G10+N & M 355 470–630 35 50 –40 14, 15, 16, 17

ASTM A 633 Grade C 345 485–620 19

ASTM A 633 Grade D 345 485–620 20

ASTM A 572 Grade 50 345 450 9

API 2H Grade 50 345 483–620 34 41 –40 10

API 2W Grade 50 345–517 448 34 41 –40 11

API 2W Grade 50T 345–552 483 34 41 –40 11

API 5L X52 PSL1 359 455

BS 7191 355E 355 490–640 28 40 –40

BS 7191 355EM 355 490–620 28 40 –40 21




Materials

57

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesStructural Materials

American, British, European Specifications



0.24 0.55 1.60 0.035 0.035 0.012 0.45

0.20 0.55 1.60 0.030 0.030 0.012 0.45

0.20 0.55 1.60 0.025 0.025 0.45

0.20 0.55 1.60 0.025 0.025 0.45

0.20 0.50 0.90–1.65 0.035 0.030 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.015 0.43

0.20 0.50 0.90–1.65 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.43

0.18 0.50 0.90–1.65 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.015 0.43

0.18 0.50 0.90–1.65 0.025 0.020 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.43

0.14 0.50 1.60 0.035 0.030 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.015 0.39

0.14 0.50 1.60 0.030 0.025 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.39

0.14 0.50 1.60 0.030 0.025 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.015 0.39

0.14 0.50 1.60 0.025 0.020 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.015 0.39

0.20 0.50 0.90–1.65 0.035 0.030 0.12 0.060 0.030 0.020min 0.015 0.43

0.18 0.50 0.90–1.65 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.060 0.050 0.020min 0.015 0.43

0.14 0.50 1.60 0.035 0.030 0.10 0.050 0.050 0.020min 0.015 0.43

0.14 0.50 1.60 0.030 0.025 0.10 0.050 0.050 0.020min 0.015 0.43

0.14 0.15–0.55 1.00–1.65 0.020 0.010 0.060 0.040 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.43

0.14 0.15–0.55 1.00–1.65 0.020 0.007 0.060 0.040 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.43

0.12 0.15–0.55 1.65 0.020 0.010 0.060 0.030 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.43

0.12 0.15–0.55 1.65 0.015 0.005 0.060 0.030 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.43

0.20 0.15–0.50 1.15–1.50 0.035 0.04 0.01–0.05

0.20 0.15–0.50 0.70–1.35 0.035 0.04

0.23 0.40 0.80–1.35 0.04 0.05

0.10 0.05–0.40 1.15–1.60 0.030 0.010 0.01–0.04 0.02 0.02–0.06 0.012 0.43

0.16 0.05–0.50 1.15–1.60 0.03 0.010 0.03 0.007–0.02 0.02–0.06 0.012 0.39

0.16 0.05–0.50 1.15–1.60 0.03 0.010 0.03 0.007–0.02 0.02–0.06 0.012 0.39

0.28 1.40 0.030 0.030

0.18 0.10–0.50 1.50 0.040 0.030 0.003–0.010 0.003–0.0100.43

0.15 0.25–0.55 1.00–1.65 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.040 0.02 0.055 0.010 0.43



MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesStructural MaterialsAmerican, British, European Specifications

58

Structural MaterialsMechanical Properties (minimum unless stated otherweise) Notes



EN 10 025–2 E360 360 690–900 2

EN 10 113–2 S420N 420 520–680 28 40 –20 4, 22, 23

EN 10 025–3 S420N 420 520–680 28 40 –20 24

EN 10 113–2 S420NL 420 520–680 19 27 –50 4, 22, 23

EN 10 025–3 S420NL 420 520–680 19 27 –50 24

EN 10 113–3 S420M 420 500–660 28 40 –20 4, 7, 8

EN 10 025–4 S420M 420 520–680 28 40 –20 4, 25

EN 10 113–3 S420ML 420 500–660 19 27 –50 4, 7, 8

EN 10 025–4 S420ML 420 520–680 19 27 –50 4, 25

EN 10 225 S420G1+M & Q 420 500–660 42 60 –40 14, 16, 26, 27

EN 10 225 S420G2+M & Q 420 500–660 42 60 –40 14, 16, 26, 27

ASTM A 633 Grade E 415 550–690

ASTM A 572 Grade 60 415 520 9

API 2W Grade 60 414–621 517 41 48 –40 11

EN 10 025–2 450JO 450 550–720 27 0 2, 3

EN 10 113–2 S460N 460 550–720 28 40 –20 4, 22, 23

EN 10 025–3 S460N 460 540–720 28 40 –20 24, 28

EN 10 113–2 S460NL 460 550–720 19 27 –50 4, 22, 23

EN 10 025–3 S460NL 460 540–720 19 27 –50 24, 28

EN 10 113–3 S460M 460 530–720 28 40 –20 4, 7, 29

EN 10 025–4 S460M 460 540–720 28 40 –20 4, 25

EN 10 113–3 S460ML 460 530–720 19 27 –50 4, 7, 29

EN 10 025–4 S460ML 460 540–720 19 27 –50 4, 25

EN 10 225 S460G1+M & Q 460 540–700 42 60 –40 14, 16, 26, 27

EN 10 225 S460G2+M & Q 460 540–700 42 60 –40 14, 16, 26, 27

ASTM A 572 Grade 65 450 550

BS 7191 450EM 450 550–700 42 60 –40 30





Structural MaterialsAmerican, British, European Specifications

59



0.045 0.045 0.012

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.035 0.030 0.20 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.025 0.48

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.030 0.025 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.48

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.030 0.025 0.20 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.025 0.48

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.030 0.025 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.48

0.16 0.50 1.70 0.035 0.030 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.020 0.45

0.16 0.50 1.70 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.43

0.16 0.50 1.70 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.020 0.45

0.16 0.50 1.70 0.025 0.020 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.43

0.14 0.15–0.55 1.65 0.020 0.010 0.080 0.040 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.42

0.14 0.15–0.55 1.65 0.020 0.007 0.080 0.040 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.42

0.22 0.15–0.50 1.15–1.50 0.035 0.04 0.04–0.11 0.018min 0.030

0.26 0.40 0.80–1.35 0.04 0.05

0.16 0.05–0.50 1.15–1.60 0.03 0.010 0.03 0.007–0.02 0.02–0.06 0.012

0.20 0.55 1.70 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.47

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.035 0.030 0.20 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.025

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.030 0.025 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.53

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.030 0.025 0.20 0.05 0.03 0.02min 0.025

0.20 0.60 1.00–1.70 0.025 0.020 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.53

0.16 0.60 1.70 0.035 0.030 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.46

0.16 0.60 1.70 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.45

0.16 0.60 1.70 0.030 0.025 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.46

0.16 0.60 1.70 0.025 0.020 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02min 0.025 0.45

0.14 0.45–0.55 1.65 0.020 0.010 0.080 0.040 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.43

0.14 0.45–0.55 1.65 0.020 0.007 0.080 0.040 0.025 0.015–0.055 0.010 0.43

0.23 0.40 0.80–1.65 0.04 0.05

0.16 0.25–0.60 1.00–1.65 0.025 0.015 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.055 0.010 0.43



MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesButtweld FittingsAmerican, British, German Specifications

60

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesButtweld Fittings Note: For DIN materials, see the appropriate pressure pipe specification page 36.


Welded Yield Tensile Hardness Impact


ASTM A234 WPB S+W 240 415–585 197 1, 2

BS1965: BS3602 430 S 275 430–570

BS 1965: B51501–161–430 W 250 430–550

BS 1640: ASTM A 106B S 240 415 1

BS 1640: BS1501–161–430 W 250 430–550

ASTM A234 WPI S+W 205 380–555 197

BS 1640: ASTM A335P1 S 205 380

ASTM A234WP5 Cl 1 S+W 205 415–585 217

BS1640: ASTM A335P5 S 205 415

ASTM A234WP9 Cl 1 S+W 205 415–585 217

ASTM A234 WP91 S+W 415 585–760 248 3

ASTM A234WP11CL1 S+W 205 415–585 197

ASTM A234WP11CL2 S+W 275 485–655 197

BS1640: ASTM A335P11 S 205 415

BS1640: BS1501–620 W 340 480–600

ASTM A234WP12CL1 S+W 220 415–585 197

ASTM A234WP12CL2 S+W 275 485–655 197

ASTM A234P22CL1 S+W 205 415–585 197

ASTM A234P22CL3 S+W 310 520–690 197

BS1640: ASTM A335P22 S 205 415

ASTM A403WP304 S+W 205 515

BS1640: ASTM A312TP304 S 205 515

BS1640: BS1501304S15 W 247 510 137–201

ASTM A403WP304H S+W 205 515

ASTM A403WP304L S+W 170 485 4

BS1640: ASTM A312TP304L S 170 485

BS1640: BS1501304S12 W 232 492

1 For each C 0.01 below max,Mn can increase 0.05 to 1.35 7 0.70 � Ti � 4 (C + N2)2 V 0.08, Cu+Ni+Cr+Mo 1.00, Cr+Mo 0.32 8 1.10 � Nb � 10C3 V 0.18–0.25, Nb 0.06–0.10, N 0.03–0.07 9 1.00 � Nb � 8C4 C 0.040 OD < 12.7mm or t < 1.2mm 10 Mn 0.90 for plate or forging5 For pierced tubes Ni 11.0–16.0 11 Nb 0.02, V 0.086 0.70 � Ti � 5 (C + N2) 12 V 0.10, Ti 0.05, Nb 0.04, CE 0.42 long, V+Nb 0.12, Cr + Mo + Ni + Cu 1.0


Buttweld FittingsAmerican, British, German Specifications

61


C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Cu Ni Al

0.30 0.10min 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.40 0.15 0.40 0.40

0.21 0.10–0.35 0.40–1.20 0.035 0.035 0.06

0.25 0.10–0.35 0.60–1.40 0.030 0.030 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.30

0.30 0.10min 0.29–1.06 0.035 0.035 0.40 0.15 0.40 0.40

0.25 0.10–0.35 0.60–1.40 0.030 0.030 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.30

0.28 0.10–0.50 0.30–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.44–0.65

0.10–0.20 0.10–0.50 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.025 0.44–0.65

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.030 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65

0.15 1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 8.0–10. 0.90–1.10

0.08–0.12 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 8.00–9.50 0.85–1.05 0.40 0.04

0.05–0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.05–0.20 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.05–0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.09–0.18 0.15–0.40 0.40–0.65 0.025 0.015 0.80–1.15 0.45–0.60 0.30 0.30 0.020

0.05–0.20 0.60 0.30–0.80 0.045 0.045 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65

0.05–0.20 0.60 0.30–0.80 0.045 0.045 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–11.0

0.06 0.20–1.00 0.50–2.00 0.045 0.030 17.5–19.0 8.0–11.0

0.04–0.10 1,00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–11.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–12.0

0.035 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–13.0

0.03 0.20–1.00 0.50–2.00 0.045 0.030 17.5–19.0 9.0–12.0

Materials

62

Buttweld Fittings Note: For DIN materials, see the appropriate pressure pipe specification page 36.


Welded Yield Tensile Hardness Impact


ASTM A403WP316 S+W 205 515

BS 1640: ASTM A312TP316 S 205 515

BS 1640: BS1501316S16 W 263 525

ASTM A403WP316H S+W 205 515

ASTM A403 WP 316L S+W 170 485 4, 5

BS 1640 : ASTM A 312 TP 316L S 170 485 4

ASTM A 403 WP 321 S+W 205 515 6

BS 1640: ASTM A 312 TP 321 S 205 515 6

BS 1640: BS 1501–321–S49 W 193 494 134–192 6

ASTM A 403 WP 321H S+W 205 515 7

ASTM A403 WP347 S+W 205 515 8

BS 1640: ASTM A312TP347 S 205 515 8

BS 1640: BS 1501–347–S49 W 216 510 137–201 8

ASTM A403WP347H S+W 205 515 9

ASTM A420WPL3 S+W 240 450–620 13.6 17.6 –100 10

BS 1640: ASTM A333Gr3 S 240 450 14 18 –100

BS 1640: BS1501–503 W 275 450 by agreement

ASTM A420 WPL6 S+W 240 415–585 13.6 17.6 –45 11

BS 1640: ASTM A333Gr6 S 240 415 14 18 –45 1

BS 1640: BS1501–161–430 W 250 430–550 by agreement

ASTM A860 WPHY42 S+W 290 415–585 235 34 40 –46 12

ASTM A860 WPHY46 S+W 315 435–605 235 34 40 –46 12

ASTM A860 WPHY52 S+W 360 455–625 235 34 40 –46 12

ASTM A860 WPHY60 S+W 415 515–690 235 34 40 –46 12

ASTM A860 WPHY65 S+W 450 530–705 235 34 40 –46 12

ASTM A860 WPHY70 S+W 485 550–725 235 34 40 –46 12

1 For each C 0.01 below max,Mn can increase 0.05 to 1.35 7 0.70 � Ti � 4 (C + N2)2 V 0.08, Nb 0.02, Cu+Ni+Cr+Mo 1.00, Cr+Mo 0.32 8 1.10 � Nb � 10C3 V 0.18–0.25, Nb 0.06–0.10, N 0.03–0.07 9 1.00 � Nb � 8C4 C 0.040 OD < 12.7mm or t < 1.2mm 10 Mn 0.90 for plate or forging5 For pierced tubes Ni 11.0–16.0 11 Nb 0.02, V 0.086 0.70 � Ti � 5 (C + N2) 12 V 0.10, Ti 0.05, Nb 0.04, CE 0.42 long, V+Nb 0.12, Cr + Mo + Ni + Cu 1.0

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesButtweld FittingsAmerican, British, German Specifications

Materials

63

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesButtweld Fittings



C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Cu Ni Al

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 11.0–14.0

0.07 0.20–1.00 0.50–2.00 0.045 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.25–3.00 10.0–13.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.035 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.04–0.09 0.20–1.00 0.50–2.00 0.040 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–13.0

0.04–0.09 0.20–1.00 0.50–2.00 0.040 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.00–12.0

0.20 0.13–0.37 0.31–0.64 0.05 0.050 3.20–3.80

0.19 0.18–0.37 0.31–0.64 0.025 0.025 3.18–3.82

0.15 0.15–0.35 0.80 0.025 0.015 0.30 0.10 0.30 3.25–3.75 0.015–0.055

0.30 0.15–0.40 0.50–1.35 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.40 0.40

0.30 0.10min 0.29–1.06 0.025 0.025

0.25 0.10–0.35 0.60–1.40 0.030 0.030 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.30

0.20 0.15–0.40 1.00–1.45 0.030 0.010 0.30 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.06

0.20 0.15–0.40 1.00–1.45 0.030 0.010 0.30 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.06

0.20 0.15–0.40 1.00–1.45 0.030 0.010 0.30 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.06

0.20 0.15–0.40 1.00–1.45 0.030 0.010 0.30 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.06

0.20 0.15–0.40 1.00–1.45 0.030 0.010 0.30 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.06

0.20 0.15–0.40 1.00–1.45 0.030 0.010 0.30 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.06

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesForged MaterialsAmerican, British, German Specifications

64

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesForged Materials

Physical Properties (minium values unless stated otherwise) Notes

Yield Tensile Hardness Charpy Impact


ASTM A105 250 485 187 1, 2

BS3799 WPB: BS1503–164–490 305 490–610 29 41 +20 3, 15

DIN 17243 C22.8 250 410–540 30HB spread 31 44 +20 4, 16

ASTM A182 F1 275 485 143–192

BS3799 WP1:ASTM A182 F1 275 485 143–192

DIN17243 15Mo3 295 440–570 30HBspread 35 50 +20

ASTM A182 F5 275 485 143–217

BS3799 WP5: BS1503–625–520 365 520–670 19 27 +20 5, 16

DIN 12CrMo19.5

ASTM A182 F9 380 585 179–217

ASTM A 182 F91 415 585 248 22

ASTM A182 F11 Cl1 205 415 121–174

ASTM A182 F11 Cl2 275 485 143–207

ASTM A182 F11 Cl3 310 515 156–207

BS3799 WP11: BS1503–621–460 275 460–610 29 41 +20 5, 16

ASTM A182 F12 Cl1 220 415 121–174

ASTM A182 F12 Cl2 275 485 143–207

DIN 17243 13CrMo44 295 440–590 30HB spread 31 44 +20

ASTM A182 F22 Cl1 205 415 170

ASTM A182 F22 Cl3 310 515 156–207

BS3799 WP22: BS1503–622–490 275 490 29 41 +20 5, 16

DIN 17243 10CrMo 910 300 480–630 30HB spread 42 60 +20

ASTM A182 F304 205 515 21

BS3799 WP304: BS1503 304S31 230 490–690 6

DIN 17440X5CrNi1810 195 500–700 60 85 +20

1 Cu + Ni + Cr + Mo � 1.0, Cr + Mo � 0.32 12 8C � Nb � 1.102 Mn can increase by 0.05 for each reduction of 0.01C, up to 1.35 max. 13 10C � Nb � 1.203 Ni + Cr + Mo + Cu 0.80 max 14 Cr + Mo � 0.324 Al total 0.015–0.050 15 Al total � 0.0185 Al total 0.020 max 16 Impact tests optional6 Ti 0.10 max B0.005 max 17 V 0.05 max7 5C � Ti � 0.70, 4C for 321H 18 Yield and charpy test temperature vary with t.8 5C � Ti � 0.80 19 Al 0.020 min9 10C � Nb � 1.10 20 Ni 0.15 min if t � 30 mm

10 10C � Nb � 1.00 21 N 0.10 max11 10C � Nb+ Ta � 1.00 22 Al 0.04 max, N 0.03–0.07


Forged MaterialsAmerican, British, German Specifications

65


C Si Mn P S Cr Mo V Ni Cu Nb

0.35 0.10–0.35 0.60–1.05 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.08 0.40 0.40 0.02

0.25 0.10–0.40 0.80–1.35 0.030 0.025 0.25 0.10 0.40 0.30

0.18–0.23 0.40 0.40–0.90 0.035 0.030 0.30

0.28 0.15–0.35 0.60–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.44–0.65

0.28 0.15–0.35 0.60–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.44–0.65

0.12–0.22 0.40 0.40–0.80 0.035 0.030 0.25–0.35

0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65 0.50

0.15 0.15–0.40 0.30–0.80 0.030 0.025 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65 0.40 0.30

0.08–0.15 0.30–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65

0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 8.0–10.0 0.90–1.10

0.08–0.12 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05 0.18–0.25 0.40 0.06–0.10

0.05–0.15 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.10–0.20 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.10–0.20 0.50–1.00 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.18 0.15–0.40 0.40–0.70 0.030 0.025 1.10–1.40 0.45–0.65 0.40 0.30

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.045 0.045 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65

0.10–0.20 0.10–0.60 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65

0.10–0.18 0.40 0.40–0.70 0.035 0.030 0.80–1.15 0.40–0.80

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 2.00–2.50 0.87–1.13

0.05–0.15 0.50 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 2.00–2.50 0.87–1.13

0.15 0.15–0.40 0.40–0.70 0.030 0.025 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.20 0.40 0.30

0.08–0.15 0.40 0.40–0.70 0.035 0.030 2.00–2.50 0.90–1.10 0.50

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.00–11.00

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 17.00–19.00 0.70 8.00–11.00 0.50 0.20

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 8.5–10.5

Materials

66

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesForged MaterialsAmerican, British, German Specifications

Forged MaterialsPhysical Properties (minium values unless stated otherwise) Notes



ASTM A182 F304 H 205 515

BS 1503 304 S51 230 490–690 6

ASTM A182 F304L 170 485 21

BS3799 WP304L: BS1503 304S11 215 480–680 6

DIN 17440 X2 CrNi1911 215 460–680 60 85 +20

ASTM A182 F316 205 515 21

BS 3799 WP316: BS1503 316S31 240 510–710 6

DIN17440 X5CrNiMo17122 205 510–710 60 85 +20

ASTM A182 F316 H 205 515

BS1503 316 S51 240 510–710 6

ASTM A182 F316 L 170 485 21

BS 3799 WP 316L: BS1503 316 S11 225 490–690 6

DIN 17440 X2CrNiMo17132 190 490–690 60 85 +20

ASTM A182 F321 205 515 7

BS3799 WP321: BS1503 321 S31 235 510–710 6, 8

DIN 17440 X6CrNiTi1810 200 500–730 60 85 +20 8

ASTM A182 F321 H 205 515 7

BS 1503 321 851–510 235 510–710 6, 8

ASTM A182 F347 205 515 9

BS1503 347 S31 240 510–710 10

DIN 17440 X6CrNiNb 1810 205 510–740 60 85 +20 11

ASTM A182 F347H 205 515 12

BS1503 347 S51 240 510–710 13



Materials

67





0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 17.00–19.00 0.70 8.00–11.00 0.50 0.20

0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–13.0

0.03 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 17.00–19.00 0.70 9.00–12.00 0.50 0.20

0.035 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00–20.00 10.0–12.5

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 16.50–18.50 2.00–2.50 10.50–13.50 0.70 0.20

0.07 1.00 2.00 0.050 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.0–2.5 10.5–13.5

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 16.50–18.50 2.00–2.50 10.50–13.50 0.70 0.20

0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–15.0

0.03 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 16.50–18.50 2.00–2.50 11.00–14.00 0.70 0.20

0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.5–18.5 2.0–2.5 11.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 17.00–19.00 0.70 9.00–12.00 0.50

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 17.00–19.00 0.70 9.00–12.00 0.50

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–20.0 9.0–13.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 17.00–19.00 0.70 9.00–12.00 0.50

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.0–12.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–20.0 9.0–13.0

0.04–0.10 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.025 17.00–19.00 0.70 9.00–12.00 0.50

Materials

68

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesForged MaterialsAmerican, British, German Specifications

Forged MaterialsPhysical Properties (minium values unless stated otherwise) Notes



ASTM A350 LF1 205 415–585 197 14 18 –29 1

BS 3799 WPLO: BS 1503–221–410 215 410–530 19 27 +20 3, 16

DIN 17280 11MnNi53 285 410–530 27 40 –60 18, 19, 20

ASTM A350 LF2 Class 1 250 485–655 197 16 20 –46 1

ASTM A350 LF2 Class 2 250 485–655 197 20 27 –18 1

BS 3799 WPLO: BS1503–221–490 265 490–610 29 41 +20 3, 16

DIN 17280 13MnNi63 355 490–610 27 40 –60 18, 19, 20

ASTM A350 LF3 Class 1 260 485–655 197 16 20 –101 14

ASTM A350 LF3 Class 2 260 485–655 197 20 27 –101 14

BS3799 WPL3: BS1503503–490 300 490–640 19 27 –100 15, 16

DIN 17280 10Ni14 355 470–640 27 40 –80 17, 18

ASTM A694 F42 290 415

ASTM A694 F46 315 415

ASTM A694 F52 360 455

ASTM A694 F56 385 470

ASTM A694 F60 415 515

ASTM A694 F65 450 530

ASTM A 694 F 70 485 565



Materials

69





0.30 0.15–0.30 0.60–1.35 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.08 0.40 0.40 0.02

0.20 0.10–0.40 0.80–1.20 0.030 0.025 0.25 0.10 0.40 0.30

0.14 0.50 0.70–1.50 0.030 0.025 0.30–0.80 0.05

0.30 0.15–0.30 0.60–1.35 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.08 0.40 0.40 0.02

0.30 0.15–0.30 0.60–1.35 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.08 0.40 0.40 0.02

0.25 0.10–0.40 0.90–1.70 0.030 0.025 0.25 0.10 0.40 0.30

0.16 0.50 0.85–1.65 0.030 0.025 0.30–0.80 0.05

0.20 0.20–0.35 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.03 3.30–3.70 0.40 0.02

0.20 0.20–0.35 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.03 3.30–3.70 0.40 0.02

0.15 0.15–0.40 0.80 0.025 0.020 0.25 0.10 3.25–3.75 0.30

0.15 0.35 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.020 3.25–3.75

0.26 0.15–0.35 1.40 0.025 0.025

0.26 0.15–0.35 1.40 0.025 0.025

0.26 0.15–0.35 1.40 0.025 0.025

0.26 0.15–0.35 1.40 0.025 0.025

0.26 0.15–0.35 1.40 0.025 0.025

0.26 0.15–0.35 1.40 0.025 0.025

0.26 0.15–0.35 1.40 0.025 0.025

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical PropertiesBolts & NutsAmerican, British, German Specifications

70

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesBolts

Mechanical Properties (minimum values unless stated otherwise) Notes

Bolt Ø Yield Tensile Hardness Charpy Impact

in N/mm2 N/mm2 HB max Min J Ave J T °C

ASTM A193 B5 550 690 1

ASTM A193 B6 585 760 1

ASTM A193 B6X 485 620 26 HRC 1

ASTM A193 B7 � M64 720 860 321

ASTM A193 B7 > M64 � M100 655 795 321 2

ASTM A193 B7 >M100 � M180 515 690 321 2

ASTM A193 B7 M � M100 550 690 235 2

ASTM A193 B7 M >M100 � M180 515 690 235 2

ASTM A193 B16 � M64 725 860 321 3

ASTM A193 B16 > M64 � M100 655 760 321 3

ASTM A193 B16 >M100� M180 586 690 321 3

ASTM A193 B8 Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A193 B8 Cl.2 � M20 690 860 321

ASTM A193 B8 Cl.2 > M20 � M24 550 795 321

ASTM A193 B8 Cl.2 > M24 � M30 450 725 321

ASTM A193 B8 Cl.2 > M30 � M36 345 690 321

ASTM A193 B8A Cl.1A 205 515 192

ASTM A193 B8C Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A193 B8C Cl.2 � M20 690 860 321

ASTM A193 B8C Cl.2 > M20 � M24 550 795 321

ASTM A193 B8C Cl.2 > M24 � M30 450 725 321

ASTM A193 B8C Cl.2 > M30 � 1M36 345 690 321

ASTM A193 B8CA Cl.1A 205 515 192

ASTM A193 B8M Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A193 B8M Cl.2 � M20 665 760 321

ASTM A193 B8M Cl.2 > M20 � M24 550 690 321

ASTM A193 B8M Cl.2 > M24 � M30 450 655 321

ASTM A193 B8M Cl.2 > M30 � M36 345 620 321

ASTM A193 B8MA Cl.1A 205 515 192

ASTM A193 B8T Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A193 B8T Cl.2 � M20 690 860 321

ASTM A193 B8T Cl.2 > M20 �1M24 550 795 321

1 Ø � M100 diameter 2 C 0.50 for Ø � 31/2in 3 Al 0.015 4 241 HB Ø � M20 5 No Impact test Ø � 1/2in


Bolts & NutsAmerican, British, German Specifications

71


C Si Mn P S Cr Mo V Ni Ti Nb+Ta

0.10min 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 4.00–6.00 0.40–0.65

0.08–0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.50–13.50

0.08–0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.50–13.50

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.36–0.47 0.15–0.35 0.45–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.80–1.15 0.50–0.65 0.25–0.35

0.36–0.47 0.15–0.35 0.45–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.80–1.15 0.50–0.65 0.25–0.35

0.36–0.47 0.15–0.35 0.45–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.80–1.15 0.50–0.65 0.25–0.35

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C 1.10 max

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C 1.10 max

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C 1.10 max

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C 1.10 max

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C 1.10 max

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C 1.10 max

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 5x(C+N)–0.70

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 5x(C+N)–0.70

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 5x(C+N)–0.70

Materials

72

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesBolts & NutsAmerican, British, German Specifications

Bolts Mechanical Properties (minimum values unless stated otherwise) Notes

Bolt Ø Yield Tensile Hardness Charpy Impact

in N/mm2 N/mm2 HB max Min J Ave J T °C

ASTM A193 B8T Cl.2 > M24 � M30 450 725 321

ASTM A193 B8T Cl.2 > M30 � M36 345 690 321

ASTM A193 B8TA Cl.1A 205 515 192

ASTM A320 L7 725 860 27 20 –101 5

ASTM A320 L7M 550 690 200–235 27 20 –73 5

ASTM A320 L7A 725 860 27 20 –101 5

ASTM A320 L7B 725 860 27 20 –101 5

ASTM A320 L7C 725 860 27 20 –101 5

ASTM A320 B8 Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A320 B8 Cl.2 � M20 690 860 321

ASTM A320 B8 Cl.2 > M20 � M25 550 795 321

ASTM A320 B8 Cl.2 > M25 � M32 450 725 321

ASTM A320 B8 Cl.2 > M32 � M40 345 690 321

ASTM A320 B8A Cl.1A 205 515 192

ASTM A320 B8C Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A320 B8C Cl.2 � M20 690 860 321

ASTM A320 B8C Cl.2 > M20 � M25 550 795 321

ASTM A320 B8C Cl.2 > M25 � M32 450 725 321

ASTM A320 B8C Cl.2 > M32 � M40 345 690 321

ASTM A320 B8CA Cl.1A 205 515 192

ASTM A320 B8M Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A320 B8M Cl.2 � M20 655 760 321

ASTM A320 B8M Cl.2 > M20 � M25 550 690 321

ASTM A320 B8MCl.2 > M25 � M32 450 655 321

ASTM A320 B8M Cl.2 > M32 � M40 345 620 321

ASTM A320 B8MA Cl.1A 205 515 192

ASTM A320 B8T Cl.1 205 515 223 4

ASTM A320 B8T Cl.2 � M20 690 860 321

ASTM A320 B8T Cl.2 > M20 � M25 550 795 321

ASTM A320 B8T Cl.2 > M25 � M32 450 725 321

ASTM A320 B8T Cl.2 > M32 � M40 345 690 321

ASTM A320 B8TA Cl.1A 205 515 192

1 Ø � M100 diameter 2 C 0.50 for Ø � 31/2in 3 Al 0.015 4 241 HB Ø � M20 5 No Impact test Ø � 1/2in

Materials

73

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesBolts & Nuts



C Si Mn P S Cr Mo V Ni Ti Nb+Ta

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00 5x(C+N)–0.70

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00 5x(C+N)–0.70

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00–19.00 9.00–12.00 5x(C+N)–0.70

0.38–0.48 0.15–0.35 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25

0.28–0.48 0.15–0.35 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25

0.35–0.40 0.15–0.35 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.20–0.30

0.35–0.40 0.15–0.35 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25

0.38–0.43 0.15–0.35 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30 0.40–0.70

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C–1.10

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C–1.10

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C–1.10

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C–1.10

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C–1.10

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �10C–1.10

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �5C

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �5C

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �5C

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �5C

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �5C

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 �5C

Materials

74


Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesNutsNuts Mechanical Properties (maximum values unless stated otherwise)

Nut Ø Type Proof Stress 1,4 Completed Nuts Sample Nuts 2 Charpy Impact 3

in M N/mm2 Hardness HB Hardness HB min J Ave J T °C

ASTM A194 2H � 11/2 � M36 Hex 1035 248–327 179 min

ASTM A194 2H � 11/2 � M36 Heavy Hex 1205 248–327 179 min

ASTM A194 2H > 11/2 > M36 Hex 1035 212–327 147 min

ASTM A194 2H > 11/2 > M36 Heavy Hex 1205 212–327 147 min

ASTM A194 3 Hex 1035 248–327 201 min

ASTM A194 3 Heavy Hex 1205 248–327 201 min

ASTM A194 4 Hex 1035 248–327 201 min 20 27 –101

ASTM A194 4 Heavy Hex 1205 248–327 201 min 20 27 –101

ASTM A194 6 Hex 930 228–271

ASTM A194 6 Heavy Hex 1035 228–271

ASTM A194 7 Hex 1035 248–327 201 min 20 27 –101

ASTM A194 7 Heavy Hex 1205 248–327 201 min 20 27 –101

ASTM A194 7M Hex 930 159–237 159 min 20 27 –73

ASTM A194 7M Heavy Hex 1035 159–237 159 min 20 27 –73

ASTM A194 8 Hex 515 126–300

ASTM A194 8 Heavy Hex 550 126–300

ASTM A194 8C � 3/4 � M20 Hex 760 126–300

ASTM A194 8C � 3/4 � M20 Heavy Hex 860 126–300

ASTM A194 8C 7/8–1 M22–M24 Hex 690 126–300

ASTM A194 8C 7/8–1 M22–M24 Heavy Hex 795 126–300

ASTM A194 8C 11/8–11/4 M27–M30 Hex 655 126–300

ASTM A194 8C 11/8–11/4 M27–M30 Heavy Hex 725 126–300

ASTM A194 8C 13/8–11/2 M36 Hex 620 126–300

ASTM A194 8C 13/8–11/2 M36 Heavy Hex 690 126–300

ASTM A194 8M � 3/4 � M20 Hex 690 126–300

ASTM A194 8M � 3/4 � M20 Heavy Hex 760 126–300

ASTM A194 8M 7/8–1 M22–M24 Hex 620 126–300

ASTM A194 8M 7/8–1 M22–M24 Heavy Hex 690 126–300

ASTM A194 8M 11/8–11/4 M27–M30 Hex 585 126–300

ASTM A194 8M 11/8–11/4 M27–M30 Heavy Hex 655 126–300

ASTM A194 8M 13/8–11/2 M36 Hex 550 126–300

ASTM A194 8M 13/8–11/2 M36 Heavy Hex 620 126–300

ASTM A194 8T same as 8C

1 For proof load for each nut size, see over page2 After heat treatment3 Charpies only required when supplementary requirement S3 is ordered (normaly with A320 bolts)4 Proof stress for grades 8C, 8T and 8M are the same as grade 8. Values listed for 8C, 8T and 8M here are for strain hardened nuts. Values for

grade 8 strain hardened are the same as the grade 8C. Note that for strain hardened nuts the hardness values listed do not apply.

Materials

75

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesBolts & Nuts



C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Ti Nb+Ta

0.40 min 0.40 1.00 0.040 0.050

0.40 min 0.40 1.00 0.040 0.050

0.40 min 0.40 1.00 0.040 0.050

0.40 min 0.40 1.00 0.040 0.050

0.10 min 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 4.0–6.0 0.40–0.65

0.10 min 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 4.0–6.0 0.40–0.65

0.40–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.20–0.30

0.40–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.20–0.30

0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.5–13.5

0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.5–13.5

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.37–0.49 0.15–0.35 0.65–1.10 0.035 0.040 0.75–1.20 0.15–0.25

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 10Cmin

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 5(C+N) –0.70

Materials

76


ASTM A194 · NutsProof loads using threaded mandrel: inch unitsNominal Threads Grade

Size per in 2H, 3, 4, 7 6, 7M 8 (all types) 8M (strain hardened) 8, 8C, T (strain hardened)

in Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex1/4 20 4 770 5 570 4 300 4 770 2 380 2 540 3 160 3 480 3 480 3 9505/16 18 7 860 9 170 7 070 7 860 3 930 4 190 5 240 5 760 5 760 6 5503/8 16 11 620 13 560 10 460 11 620 5 810 6 200 7 740 8 510 8 510 9 6757/16 14 15 940 18 600 14 350 15 940 7 970 8 500 10 630 11 690 11 690 13 2901/2 13 21 280 24 830 19 160 21 280 10 640 11 350 14 190 15 610 15 610 17 7409/16 12 27 300 31 850 24 570 27 300 13 650 14 560 18 200 20 020 20 020 22 7505/8 11 33 900 39 550 30 510 33 900 16 950 18 080 22 600 24 860 24 860 28 2503/4 10 50 100 58 450 45 090 50 100 25 050 26 720 33 400 36 740 36 740 41 7507/8 9 69 300 80 850 62 370 69 300 34 650 36 960 41 580 46 200 46 200 53 130

1 8 90 900 106 000 81 810 90 900 45 450 48 480 54 540 60 600 60 600 69 690

11/8 8 118 500 138 200 106 700 118 500 59 250 63 200 67 150 75 050 75 050 82 950

11/4 8 150 000 175 000 135 000 150 000 75 000 80 000 85 000 95 000 95 000 105 000

13/8 8 185 000 215 800 166 500 185 000 92 450 98 640 98 640 110 970 110 970 123 300

11/2 8 223 800 261 100 201 400 223 800 111 900 119 360 119 360 134 280 134 280 149 200

Figures are lbf based on proof stress for each grade.Where proof loads is in excess of 120 000 lbf, acceptance is on the basis of hardness only unless specifically requested by the purchaser.

Proof loads using threaded mandrel: metric unitsNominal Threads Grade

Size pitch 2H, 3, 4, 7 6, 7M 8 (all types) 8M (strain hardened) 8, 8C, T (strain hardened)

Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex

M 6 1.00 20.8 29.2 18.7 20.8 10.4 11.1 13.9 15.3 15.3 17.3

M 8 1.25 37.9 44.1 34.0 37.9 18.8 20.1 25.3 27.8 27.8 31.3

M10 1.50 60.0 69.9 53.9 60.0 29.9 31.9 40.0 44.1 44.1 49.9

M12 1.75 87.3 101.6 78.4 87.3 43.4 46.4 58.2 64.1 64.1 72.5

M14 2.00 119.0 138.6 107.0 119.0 59.2 63.3 79.4 87.4 87.4 98.9

M16 2.00 162.5 189.2 146.0 162.5 80.9 86.4 108.3 119.3 119.3 135.0

M20 2.50 253.6 295.2 227.8 253.6 126.2 134.8 169.0 186.2 186.2 210.9

M22 2.50 313.6 365.1 281.8 313.6 156.0 166.7 187.9 209.0 209.0 240.9

M24 3.00 365.4 425.4 328.3 365.4 181.8 194.2 218.9 243.5 243.5 280.6

M27 3.00 475.1 553.4 426.9 475.1 236.4 252.5 268.5 300.6 300.6 332.7

M30 3.50 580.6 676.0 521.7 580.6 288.9 308.6 328.2 367.5 367.5 406.7

M36 4.00 845.6 984.5 759.8 845.6 420.8 449.4 449.4 506.5 506.5 563.7

Figures are KN based on proof stress for each grade.Where proof load is in excess of 530 KN, acceptance is on the basis of hardness only unless specifically requested by the purchaser.

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Dimensions and WeightsFormulae, Pipes & Tubes Index

79

Dimensions and WeightsAbmessungen und GewichteDimensions et poidsDimensioni e pesiDimensiones y pesos

• Formulae for calculating weightsFormeln zur GewichtsberechnungFormules de calcul des PoidsFormula di calcolo per la massa metrica/tuboFormulas de calcular pesos Weight Formula .................................................................... 80

• Steel pipes and tubes ASME B36.10, B36.19, API 5L .............................................. 81Stahlrohre API 5CT .............................................................................. 104Tubes et tuyauterie en acier DIN 2448 ............................................................................ 110Tubi in acciaio DIN 2458 ............................................................................ 114Tubos de acero DIN 2462 ............................................................................ 118

DIN 2463 ............................................................................ 124EN 10 208 .......................................................................... 126

Dimensions and WeightsWeight Formula

80

Definition:D Diameter in mm or in

• D1 Small diameter• D2 Large diameter

t Wall thickness in mm or inL Length in meters or feetW Width in meters or feetR Radius of bend in mm or in

1. Pipes and TubesStandard wall thickness with weight per meter and per foot arelisted in specifications. Those for API 5L, ASME B36.10 andB36.19, DIN 2448, DIN 2458, DIN 2462, DIN 2463, and EN 10208 are included in this catalogue.

For non-standard API 5L wall thickness:

Weight per meter = (D-t) x t x 0.02466 kgWeight per foot = (D-t) x t x 10.69 lb

For non-standard ASME B36.10, B36.19 and EN 10208 and ISO3183 the formulae are the same except the constant is0.0246615 for metric weights.

For weights per meter of pipe and tube of other materials,replace the constant (0.02466) in the formula above as follows:

Alloy 400 = 0.02765Alloy 600 = 0.02639Alloy 800 = 0.02513Aluminium = 0.00848Copper = 0.02796Copper-Nickel = 0.02796Duplex = 0.02450Stainless Steel = 0.02504Titanium = 0.01414

2. Fittings and FlangesWeights are not specified and cannot be calculated in general asthey depend on the manufacturer’s specific design. Weights forstandard sizes are given in this catalogue. Non-standard sizes arenot readily available.

3. ValvesWeights must be obtained from the manufacturer of the particular valve design. They cannot be calculated, and vary significantly depending on the design features.

4. PlatesWeight = volume x density

= L x W x t x 7.850 kg (LWt in metric)= L x W x t x 40.80 lbs (LWt in imperial)

Apply correction factors for austenitic and ferritic stainless.

θ Angle of bend in degreesρ Density of steel kg/m3 or lb/in3

= 7850 kg/m3

= 0.2833 lb/in3

• for austenitic stainless multiply by 1.05• for ferritic stainless multiply by 0.95

T Thickness of concrete in mm or inδ Density of concrete in kg/cubic m or lb/cubic ft

5. ConesThe weight of a cone can be calculated from the large and smalldiameters D1 and D2, the length of the cone L and the thicknessof the plate t.

Weight = Lt x –t x 0.02466 kg

Weight = Lt x –t x 10.68 lbs

Apply correction factors for austenitic and ferritic stainless.

6. BendsLength of bend

= θ x R x 1.746 x 10-5 m

= θ x R x 1.455 x 10-3 ft

Weight of bend

= Length of bend x weight per meter (foot) of pipe

The radius of the bend R is usually given in terms of the pipediameter, for example R = 5D.

7. Concrete Coated or Lined PipeGiven here is the weight per meter or per foot of concrete coatingor lining. Remember to add the weight of the steel pipe.

Coating weight per m = δ x (D + T) T x 0.000003142Coating weight per ft = δ x (D + T) T x 0.02182

Lining weight per m = δ x (D – 2t – T) T x 0.000003142Lining weight per ft = δ x (D – 2t – T) T x 0.02182

The density of concrete depends on the specification.190lb/cubic ft (3050kg/cubic m) is a common density.

Density in lb/ft3 x 16.05 = Density in kg/m3

For example 145lb/ft3 = 2327kg/m3

( )D1 + D2

2

( )D1 + D2

2

Dimensions and WeightsSteel Tubes

ASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5LMetric and Imperial Units

81

Steel TubesASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5L For dimensional and weight tolerances of ASTM see page 376 and of API 5L page 379.

NB ASME B36.10 and B36.191 API 5L Shipping:4

OD in API 5L Designation Wall thickness Weight2 Wall Thickness Weight2 Weight

OD mm Size or Schedule3 Measure

DN in mm lb/ft kg/m in mm lb/ft kg/m Cube/m1/8 0.405 10(s) 0.049 1.24 0.19 0.28

0.405 30 0.057 1.45 0.21 0.32

10.3 STD 40 (s) 0.068 1.73 0.24 0.37 0.068 1.7 0.24 0.36

XS 80 (s) 0.095 2.41 0.31 0.47 0.095 2.4 0.31 0.47

1/4 0.540 10s 0.065 1.65 0.33 0.49

0.540 30 0.073 1.85 0.36 0.54

13.7 STD 40(s) 0.088 2.24 0.43 0.63 0.088 2.2 0.43 0.62

XS 80(s) 0.119 3.02 0.54 0.80 0.119 3.0 0.54 0.79

3/8 0.675 10s 0.065 1.65 0.42 0.63

0.675 30 0.073 1.85 0.47 0.70

17.1 STD 40(s) 0.091 2.31 0.57 0.84 0.091 2.3 0.57 0.84

10 XS 80(s) 0.126 3.20 0.74 1.10 0.126 3.2 0.74 1.10

1/2 0.840 5(s) 0.065 1.65 0.54 0.80

0.840 10(s) 0.083 2.11 0.67 1.00

21.3 30 0.095 2.41 0.76 1.12

15 STD 40(s) 0.109 2.77 0.85 1.27 0.109 2.8 0.85 1.28

XS 80(s) 0.147 3.73 1.09 1.62 0.147 3.7 1.09 1.61

160 0.188 4.78 1.31 1.95

XXS 0.294 7.47 1.72 2.55 0.294 7.5 1.72 2.55

3/4 1.050 5(s) 0.065 1.65 0.69 1.03

1.050 10(s) 0.083 2.11 0.86 1.28

26.7 30 0.095 2.41 0.97 1.44

20 STD 40(s) 0.113 2.87 1.13 1.69 0.113 2.9 1.13 1.70

XS 80(s) 0.154 3.91 1.48 2.20 0.154 3.9 1.48 2.19

160 0.219 5.56 1.95 2.90

XXS 0.308 7.82 2.44 3.64 0.308 7.8 2.44 3.64

1 1.315 5(s) 0.065 1.65 0.87 1.29

1.315 10(s) 0.109 2.77 1.41 2.09

33.4 30 0.114 2.90 1.46 2.18

1 Ferritic stainless steel may be about 5% less and austenitic stainless about 2% greater than the weights given here.2 kg/m = 0.02466 (D – t)t = Diameter minus thickness times thickness times 0.02466. For ASME use 0.0246615

lb/ft = 10.69 (D – t)t = Diameter minus thickness times thickness times 10.693 s stainless, (s) identical for carbon steel.4 Shipping weight when the weight measure is more than the actual weight (i.e. the volume in m3 exceeds the weight in tonnes). Note that

this value is equivalent to tonnes, the actual weight in kg/m must be divided by 1000. To convert to cubic feet multiply by 10.8

Dimensions and WeightsSteel TubesASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5LMetric and Imperial Units

82

ASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5L For dimensional and weight tolerances of ASTM see page 376 and of API 5L page 379.




DN in mm lb/ft kg/m in mm lb/ft kg/m Cube/m

1 1.315 STD 40(s) 0.133 3.38 1.68 2.50 0.133 3.4 1.68 2.52

1.315 XS 80(s) 0.179 4.55 2.17 3.24 0.179 4.5 2.17 3.21

33.4 160 0.250 6.35 2.85 4.24

25 XXS 0.358 9.09 3.66 5.45 0.358 9.1 3.66 5.45

1 1/4 1.660 5(s) 0.065 1.65 1.11 1.65 0.0018

1.660 10(s) 0.109 2.77 1.81 2.69

42.2 30 0.117 2.97 1.93 2.87

32 STD 40(s) 0.140 3.56 2.27 3.39 0.140 3.6 2.27 3.43

XS 80(s) 0.191 4.85 3.00 4.47 0.191 4.9 3.00 4.51

160 0.250 6.35 3.77 5.61

XXS 0.382 9.70 5.22 7.77 0.382 9.7 5.22 7.77

1 1/2 1.900 5(s) 0.065 1.65 1.28 1.90 0.0023

1.900 10(s) 0.109 2.77 2.09 3.11

48.3 30 0.125 3.18 2.37 3.53

40 STD 40(s) 0.145 3.68 2.72 4.05 0.145 3.7 2.72 4.07

XS 80(s) 0.200 5.08 3.63 5.41 0.200 5.1 3.63 5.43

160 0.281 7.14 4.86 7.25

XXS 0.400 10.15 6.41 9.55 0.400 10.2 6.41 9.58

2 2 3/8 5(s) 0.065 1.65 1.61 2.39 0.0036

2.375 0.083 2.11 2.03 3.03 0.083 2.1 2.03 3.01 0.0036

60.3 10(s) 0.109 2.77 2.64 3.93 0.109 2.8 2.64 3.97

50 30 0.125 3.18 3.01 4.48 0.125 3.2 3.01 4.51

0.141 3.58 3.37 5.01 0.141 3.6 3.37 5.03

STD 40(s) 0.154 3.91 3.66 5.44 0.154 3.9 3.66 5.42

0.172 4.37 4.05 6.03 0.172 4.4 4.05 6.07

0.188 4.78 4.40 6.54 0.188 4.8 4.40 6.57

XS 80(s) 0.218 5.54 5.03 7.48 0.218 5.5 5.03 7.43

0.250 6.35 5.68 8.45 0.250 6.4 5.68 8.51

0.281 7.14 6.29 9.36 0.281 7.1 6.29 9.31

160 0.344 8.74 7.47 11.11

XXS 0.436 11.07 9.04 13.44 0.436 11.1 9.04 13.47

2 1/2 2 7/8 5(s) 0.083 2.11 2.48 3.69 0.083 2.1 2.48 3.67 0.0053






83






2 1/2 2 7/8 0.109 2.77 3.22 4.80 0.109 2.8 3.22 4.85 0.0053

2.875 10(s) 0.120 3.05 3.53 5.26 0.0053

73.0 0.125 3.18 3.67 5.48 0.125 3.2 3.67 5.51

65 0.141 3.58 4.12 6.13 0.141 3.6 4.12 6.16

0.156 3.96 4.53 6.74 0.156 4.0 4.53 6.81

0.172 4.37 4.97 7.40 0.172 4.4 4.97 7.44

30 0.188 4.78 5.40 8.04 0.188 4.8 5.40 8.07

STD 40(s) 0.203 5.16 5.80 8.63 0.203 5.2 5.80 8.69

0.216 5.49 6.14 9.14 0.216 5.5 6.14 9.16

0.250 6.35 7.02 10.44 0.250 6.4 7.02 10.51

XS 80(s) 0.276 7.01 7.67 11.41 0.276 7.0 7.67 11.39

160 0.375 9.53 10.02 14.92

XXS 0.552 14.02 13.71 20.39 0.552 14.0 13.71 20.37

3 3 1/2 5s 0.083 2.11 3.03 4.52 0.083 2.1 3.03 4.50 0.0079

3.500 0.109 2.77 3.95 5.88 0.109 2.8 3.95 5.95 0.0079

88.9 10s 0.120 3.05 4.34 6.46 0.0079

80 0.125 3.18 4.51 6.72 0.125 3.2 4.51 6.76 0.0079

0.141 3.58 5.06 7.53 0.141 3.6 5.06 7.57 0.0079

0.156 3.96 5.58 8.30 0.156 4.0 5.58 8.37

0.172 4.37 6.12 9.11 0.172 4.4 6.12 9.17

0.188 4.78 6.66 9.92 0.188 4.8 6.66 9.95

STD 40(s) 0.216 5.49 7.58 11.29 0.216 5.5 7.58 11.31

0.250 6.35 8.69 12.93 0.250 6.4 8.69 13.02

0.281 7.14 9.67 14.40 0.281 7.1 9.67 14.32

XS 80(s) 0.300 7.62 10.26 15.27 0.300 7.6 10.26 15.24

160 0.438 11.13 14.34 21.35

XXS 0.600 15.24 18.60 27.68 0.600 15.2 18.60 27.63

3 1/2 4 5(s) 0.083 2.11 3.48 5.18 0.083 2.1 3.48 5.15 0.0103

4.000 0.109 2.77 4.53 6.75 0.109 2.8 4.53 6.82 0.0103

101.6 10(s) 0.120 3.05 4.98 7.41 0.0103

0.125 3.18 5.18 7.72 0.125 3.2 5.18 7.76 0.0103

0.141 3.58 5.82 8.65 0.141 3.6 5.82 8.70 0.0103

0.156 3.96 6.41 9.54 0.156 4.0 6.41 9.63 0.0103

0.172 4.37 7.04 10.48 0.172 4.4 7.04 10.55





84






3 1/2 4 30 0.188 4.78 7.66 11.41 0.188 4.8 7.66 11.46

4.000 STD 40(s) 0.226 5.74 9.12 13.57 0.226 5.7 9.12 13.48

101.6 0.250 6.35 10.02 14.92 0.250 6.4 10.02 15.02

0.281 7.14 11.17 16.63 0.281 7.1 11.17 16.55

XS 80(s) 0.318 8.08 12.52 18.64 0.318 8.1 12.52 18.68

4 4 1/2 5(s) 0.083 2.11 3.92 5.84 0.083 2.1 3.92 5.81 0.0131

4.500 0.109 2.77 5.12 7.62 0.0131

114.3 10(s) 0.120 3.05 5.62 8.37 0.0131

100 0.125 3.18 5.85 8.71 0.125 3.2 5.85 8.77 0.0131

0.141 3.58 6.57 9.78 0.141 3.6 6.57 9.83 0.0131

0.156 3.96 7.24 10.78 0.156 4.0 7.24 10.88 0.0131

0.172 4.37 7.96 11.85 0.172 4.4 7.96 11.92 0.0131

30 0.188 4.78 8.67 12.91 0.188 4.8 8.67 12.96 0.0131

0.203 5.16 9.32 13.89 0.203 5.2 9.32 13.99

0.219 5.56 10.02 14.91 0.219 5.6 10.02 15.01

STD 40(s) 0.237 6.02 10.80 16.08 0.237 6.0 10.80 16.02

0.250 6.35 11.36 16.91 0.250 6.4 11.36 17.03

0.281 7.14 12.67 18.87 0.281 7.1 12.67 18.77

0.312 7.92 13.97 20.78 0.312 7.9 13.97 20.73

XS 80(s) 0.337 8.56 15.00 22.32 0.337 8.6 15.00 22.42

120 0.438 11.13 19.02 28.32 0.438 11.1 19.02 28.25

160 0.531 13.49 22.53 33.54 0.531 13.5 22.53 33.56

XXS 0.674 17.12 27.57 41.03 0.674 17.1 27.57 40.99

5 5 9/16 0.083 2.11 4.86 7.24 0.083 2.1 4.86 7.21 0.0200

5.563 5(s) 0.109 2.77 6.36 9.46 0.0200

141.3 0.125 3.18 7.27 10.83 0.125 3.2 7.27 10.90 0.0200

125 10(s) 0.134 3.40 7.78 11.56 0.0200

0.156 3.96 9.02 13.41 0.156 4.0 9.02 13.54 0.0200

0.188 4.78 10.80 16.09 0.188 4.8 10.80 16.16 0.0200

0.219 5.56 12.51 18.61 0.219 5.6 12.51 18.74 0.0200

STD 40(s) 0.258 6.55 14.63 21.77 0.258 6.6 14.63 21.92

0.281 7.14 15.87 23.62 0.281 7.1 15.87 23.50

0.312 7.92 17.51 26.05 0.312 7.9 17.51 25.99

0.344 8.74 19.19 28.57 0.344 8.7 19.19 28.45






85






5 5 9/16 XS 80(s) 0.375 9.53 20.80 30.97 0.375 9.5 20.80 30.88

5.563 120 0.500 12.70 27.06 40.28 0.500 12.7 27.06 40.28

141.3 160 0.625 15.88 32.99 49.12 0.625 15.9 32.99 49.17

XXS 0.750 19.05 38.59 57.43 0.750 19.1 38.59 57.56

6 6 5/8 0.083 2.11 5.80 8.65 0.083 2.1 5.80 8.61 0.0283

6.625 5(s) 0.109 2.77 7.59 11.31 0.109 2.8 7.59 11.43 0.0283

168.3 0.125 3.18 8.69 12.95 0.125 3.2 8.69 13.03 0.0283

150 10(s) 0.134 3.40 9.30 13.83 0.0283

0.141 3.58 9.77 14.54 0.141 3.6 9.77 14.62 0.0283

0.156 3.96 10.79 16.05 0.156 4.0 10.79 16.21 0.0283

0.172 4.37 11.87 17.67 0.172 4.4 11.87 17.78 0.0283

0.188 4.78 12.94 19.28 0.188 4.8 12.94 19.35 0.0283

0.203 5.16 13.94 20.76 0.203 5.2 13.94 20.91 0.0283

0.219 5.56 15.00 22.31 0.219 5.6 15.00 22.47 0.0283

0.250 6.35 17.04 25.36 0.250 6.4 17.04 25.55 0.0283

STD 40(s) 0.280 7.11 18.99 28.26 0.280 7.1 18.99 28.220.0283

0.312 7.92 21.06 31.33 0.312 7.9 21.06 31.25

0.344 8.74 23.10 34.39 0.344 8.7 23.10 34.24

0.375 9.53 25.05 37.31 0.375 9.5 25.05 37.20

XS 80(s) 0.432 10.97 28.60 42.56 0.432 11.0 28.60 42.67

0.500 12.70 32.74 48.73 0.500 12.7 32.74 48.73

120 0.562 14.27 36.43 54.21 0.562 14.3 36.43 54.31

0.625 15.88 40.09 59.69 0.625 15.9 40.09 59.76

160 0.719 18.26 45.39 67.57 0.719 18.3 45.39 67.69

0.750 19.05 47.10 70.12 0.750 19.1 47.10 70.27

XXS 0.864 21.95 53.21 79.22 0.864 21.9 53.21 79.06

0.875 22.23 53.78 80.08 0.875 22.2 53.78 79.98

8 8 5/8 5(s) 0.109 2.77 9.92 14.78 0.0480

8.625 0.125 3.18 11.36 16.93 0.125 3.2 11.36 17.04 0.0480

219.1 10(s) 0.148 3.76 13.41 19.97 0.0480

200 0.156 3.96 14.12 21.01 0.156 4.0 14.12 21.22 0.0480

0.188 4.78 16.96 25.26 0.188 4.8 16.96 25.37 0.0480

0.203 5.16 18.28 27.22 0.203 5.2 18.28 27.43 0.0480

0.219 5.56 19.68 29.28 0.219 5.6 19.68 29.48 0.0480





86






8 8 5/8 20 0.250 6.35 22.38 33.32 0.250 6.4 22.38 33.57 0.0480

8.625 30 0.277 7.04 24.72 36.82 0.277 7.0 24.72 36.61 0.0480

219.1 0.312 7.92 27.73 41.25 0.312 7.9 27.73 41.14 0.0480

200 STD 40(s) 0.322 8.18 28.58 42.55 0.322 8.2 28.58 42.65 0.0480

0.344 8.74 30.45 45.34 0.344 8.7 30.45 45.14 0.0480

0.375 9.53 33.07 49.25 0.375 9.5 33.07 49.10

60 0.406 10.31 35.67 53.09

0.438 11.13 38.33 57.08 0.438 11.1 38.33 56.94

XS 80(s) 0.500 12.70 43.43 64.64 0.500 12.7 43.43 64.64

0.562 14.27 48.44 72.08 0.562 14.3 48.44 72.22

100 0.594 15.09 51.00 75.92

0.625 15.88 53.45 79.59 0.625 15.9 53.45 79.67

120 0.719 18.26 60.77 90.44 0.719 18.3 60.77 90.62

0.750 19.05 63.14 93.98 0.750 19.1 63.14 94.20

140 0.812 20.62 67.82 100.93 0.812 20.6 67.82 100.84

XXS 0.875 22.23 72.49 107.93 0.875 22.2 72.49 107.79

160 0.906 23.01 74.76 111.27

1.000 25.40 81.51 121.33 1.000 25.4 81.51 121.33

10 10 3/4 5(s) 0.134 3.40 15.21 22.61 0.0746

10.750 0.156 3.96 17.67 26.27 0.156 4.0 17.67 26.54 0.0746

273.0 10(s) 0.165 4.19 18.67 27.78 0.0746

250 0.188 4.78 21.23 31.62 0.188 4.8 21.23 31.76 0.0746

(OD is 0.203 5.16 22.89 34.08 0.203 5.2 22.89 34.35 0.0746

273.1 for 0.219 5.56 24.65 36.67 0.219 5.6 24.65 36.94 0.0746

B36.19) 20 0.250 6.35 28.06 41.76 0.250 6.4 28.06 42.09 0.0746

0.279 7.09 31.23 46.49 0.279 7.1 31.23 46.57 0.0746

30 0.307 7.80 34.27 51.01 0.307 7.8 34.27 51.03 0.0746

0.344 8.74 38.27 56.96 0.344 8.7 38.27 56.72 0.0746

STD 40(s) 0.365 9.27 40.52 60.29 0.365 9.3 40.52 60.50 0.0746

0.438 11.13 48.28 71.88 0.438 11.1 48.28 71.72 0.0746

XS 60 80s 0.500 12.70 54.79 81.53 0.500 12.7 54.79 81.55

0.562 14.27 61.21 91.05 0.562 14.3 61.21 91.26

80 0.594 15.09 64.49 95.98

0.625 15.88 67.65 100.69 0.625 15.9 67.65 100.85

100 0.719 18.26 77.10 114.71 0.719 18.3 77.10 114.99






87






10 10 3/4 0.812 20.62 86.26 128.34 0.812 20.6 86.26 128.27

10.750 120 0.844 21.44 89.38 133.01

273.1 0.875 22.23 92.37 137.48 0.875 22.2 92.37 137.36

250 0.938 23.83 98.39 146.43 0.938 23.8 98.39 146.32

XXS 140 1.000 25.40 104.23 155.10 1.000 25.4 104.23 155.15

160 1.125 28.58 115.75 172.27

1.250 31.75 126.94 188.90 1.250 31.8 126.94 189.22

12 12 3/4 5(s) 0.156 3.96 21.00 31.24 0.1049

12.750 0.172 4.37 23.13 34.43 0.172 4.4 23.13 34.67 0.1049

323.8 10(s) 0.180 4.57 24.19 35.98 0.1049

300 0.188 4.78 25.25 37.61 0.188 4.8 25.25 37.77 0.1049

(OD is 0.203 5.16 27.23 40.55 0.203 5.2 27.23 40.87 0.1049

323.9 for 0.219 5.56 29.34 43.64 0.219 5.6 29.34 43.96 0.1049

B36.19) 20 0.250 6.35 33.41 49.71 0.250 6.4 33.41 50.11 0.1049

0.281 7.14 37.46 55.76 0.281 7.1 37.46 55.47 0.1049

0.312 7.92 41.48 61.70 0.312 7.9 41.48 61.56 0.1049

30 0.330 8.38 43.81 65.19 0.330 8.4 43.81 65.35 0.1049

0.344 8.74 45.62 67.91 0.344 8.7 45.62 67.62 0.1049

STD 40s 0.375 9.53 49.61 73.86 0.375 9.5 49.61 73.65 0.1049

40 0.406 10.31 53.57 79.71 0.406 10.3 53.57 79.65 0.1049

0.438 11.13 57.65 85.82 0.438 11.1 57.65 85.62 0.1049

XS 80s 0.500 12.70 65.48 97.44 0.500 12.7 65.48 97.46 0.1049

60 0.562 14.27 73.22 108.93 0.562 14.3 73.22 109.18

0.625 15.88 81.01 120.59 0.625 15.9 81.01 120.76

80 0.688 17.48 88.71 132.05 0.688 17.5 88.71 132.23

0.750 19.05 96.21 143.17 0.750 19.1 96.21 143.56

0.812 20.62 103.63 154.17 0.812 20.6 103.63 154.08

100 0.844 21.44 107.42 159.87

0.875 22.23 111.08 165.33 0.875 22.2 111.08 165.17

0.938 23.83 118.44 176.29 0.938 23.8 118.44 176.13

XXS 120 1.000 25.40 125.61 186.92 1.000 25.4 125.61 186.97

1.062 26.97 132.69 197.43 1.062 27.0 132.69 197.68

140 1.125 28.58 139.81 208.08 1.125 28.6 139.81 208.27

1.250 31.75 153.67 228.68 1.250 31.8 153.67 229.06

160 1.312 33.32 160.42 238.69





88






14 14 5(s) 0.156 3.96 23.09 34.34 0.1265

14.000 10s 0.188 4.78 27.76 41.36 0.188 4.8 27.76 41.52 0.1265

355.6 0.203 5.16 29.94 44.59 0.203 5.2 29.94 44.93 0.1265

350 0.210 5.33 30.96 46.04 0.210 5.3 30.96 45.78 0.1265

0.219 5.56 32.26 48.00 0.219 5.6 32.26 48.33 0.1265

10 0.250 6.35 36.75 54.69 0.250 6.4 36.75 55.11 0.1265

0.281 7.14 41.21 61.36 0.281 7.1 41.21 61.02 0.1265

20 0.312 7.92 45.65 67.91 0.312 7.9 45.65 67.74 0.1265

0.344 8.74 50.22 74.76 0.344 8.7 50.22 74.42 0.1265

STD 30 0.375 9.53 54.62 81.33 0.375 9.5 54.62 81.08 0.1265

0.406 10.31 59.00 87.79 0.406 10.3 59.00 87.71 0.1265

40 0.438 11.13 63.50 94.55 0.438 11.1 63.50 94.30 0.1265

0.469 11.91 67.84 100.95 0.469 11.9 67.84 100.86 0.1265

XS 0.500 12.70 72.16 107.40 0.500 12.7 72.16 107.39 0.1265

0.562 14.27 80.73 120.12 0.562 14.3 80.73 120.36 0.1265

60 0.594 15.09 85.13 126.72

0.625 15.88 89.36 133.04 0.625 15.9 89.36 133.19

0.688 17.48 97.91 145.76 0.688 17.5 97.91 145.91

80 0.750 19.05 106.23 158.11 0.750 19.1 106.23 158.49

0.812 20.62 114.48 170.34 0.812 20.6 114.48 170.18

0.875 22.23 122.77 182.76 0.875 22.2 122.77 182.52

100 0.938 23.83 130.98 194.98 0.938 23.8 130.98 194.74

1.000 25.40 138.97 206.84 1.000 25.4 138.97 206.83

1.062 26.97 146.88 218.58 1.062 27.0 146.88 218.79

120 1.094 27.79 150.93 224.66

1.125 28.58 154.84 230.49 1.125 28.6 154.84 230.63

140 1.250 31.75 170.37 253.58 1.250 31.8 170.37 253.92

160 1.406 35.71 189.29 281.72

2.000 50.80 256.56 381.85

2.125 53.98 269.76 401.52

2.200 55.88 277.51 413.04

2.500 63.50 307.34 457.43

16 16 5(s) 0.165 4.19 27.93 41.56 0.1652

16.000 10s 0.188 4.78 31.78 47.34 0.188 4.8 31.78 47.54 0.1652

406.4 0.203 5.16 34.28 51.06 0.203 5.2 34.28 51.54 0.1652






89






16 16 0.219 5.56 36.95 54.96 0.219 5.6 36.95 55.35 0.1652

16.000 10 0.250 6.35 42.09 62.65 0.250 6.4 42.09 63.13 0.1652

406.4 0.281 7.14 47.22 70.30 0.281 7.1 47.22 69.91 0.1652

400 20 0.312 7.92 52.32 77.83 0.312 7.9 52.32 77.63 0.1652

0.344 8.74 57.57 85.71 0.344 8.7 57.57 85.32 0.1652

STD 30 0.375 9.53 62.64 93.27 0.375 9.5 62.64 92.98 0.1652

0.406 10.31 67.68 100.71 0.406 10.3 67.68 100.61 0.1652

0.438 11.13 72.86 108.49 0.438 11.1 72.86 108.20 0.1652

0.469 11.91 77.87 115.87 0.469 11.9 77.87 115.77 0.1652

XS 40 0.500 12.70 82.85 123.31 0.500 12.7 82.85 123.30 0.1652

0.562 14.27 92.75 138.00 0.562 14.3 92.75 138.27 0.1652

0.625 15.88 102.72 152.94 0.625 15.9 102.72 153.11 0.1652

60 0.656 16.66 107.60 160.13 0.1652

0.688 17.48 112.62 167.66 0.688 17.5 112.62 167.83

0.750 19.05 122.27 181.98 0.750 19.1 122.27 182.42

0.812 20.62 131.84 196.18 0.812 20.6 131.84 195.98

80 0.844 21.44 136.74 203.54

0.875 22.23 141.48 210.61 0.875 22.2 141.48 210.33

0.938 23.83 151.03 224.83 0.938 23.8 151.03 224.55

1.000 25.40 160.35 238.66 1.000 25.4 160.35 238.64

100 1.031 26.19 164.98 245.57

1.062 26.97 169.59 252.37 1.062 27.0 169.59 252.61

1.125 28.58 178.89 266.30 1.125 28.6 178.89 266.45

1.188 30.18 188.11 280.01 1.188 30.2 188.11 280.17

120 1.219 30.96 192.61 286.66

1.250 31.75 197.10 293.35 1.250 31.8 197.10 293.76

140 1.438 36.53 223.85 333.21

160 1.594 40.49 245.48 365.38

18 18 5(s) 0.165 4.19 31.46 46.79 0.2088

18.000 10s 0.188 4.78 35.80 53.31 0.188 4.8 35.80 53.53 0.2088

457 0.219 5.56 41.63 61.90 0.219 5.6 41.63 62.34 0.2088

450 10 0.250 6.35 47.44 70.57 0.250 6.4 47.44 71.12 0.2088

0.281 7.14 53.23 79.21 0.281 7.1 53.23 78.77 0.2088

20 0.312 7.92 58.99 87.71 0.312 7.9 58.99 87.49 0.2088

0.344 8.74 64.93 96.62 0.344 8.7 64.93 96.18 0.2088





90






18 18 STD 40s 0.375 9.53 70.65 105.17 0.375 9.5 70.65 104.84 0.2088

18.000 0.406 10.31 76.36 113.58 0.406 10.3 76.36 113.46 0.2088

457 30 0.438 11.13 82.23 122.38 0.438 11.1 82.23 122.05 0.2088

450 0.469 11.91 87.89 130.73 0.469 11.9 87.89 130.62 0.2088

XS 80s 0.500 12.70 93.54 139.16 0.500 12.7 93.54 139.150.2088

40 0.562 14.27 104.76 155.81 0.562 14.3 104.76 156.11 0.2088

0.625 15.88 116.09 172.75 0.625 15.9 116.09 172.95 0.2088

0.688 17.48 127.32 189.47 0.688 17.5 127.32 189.67 0.2088

60 0.750 19.05 138.30 205.75 0.750 19.1 138.30 206.25 0.2088

0.812 20.62 149.20 221.91 0.812 20.6 149.20 221.69

0.875 22.23 160.18 238.35 0.875 22.2 160.18 238.03

80 0.938 23.83 171.08 254.57 0.938 23.8 171.08 254.25

1.000 25.40 181.73 270.36 1.000 25.4 181.73 270.34

1.062 26.97 192.29 286.02 1.062 27.0 192.29 286.30

1.125 28.58 202.94 301.96 1.125 28.6 202.94 302.14

100 1.156 29.36 208.15 309.64

1.188 30.18 213.51 317.68 1.188 30.2 213.51 317.85

1.250 31.75 223.82 332.97 1.250 31.8 223.82 333.44

120 1.375 34.93 244.37 363.58

140 1.562 39.67 274.48 408.28

160 1.781 45.24 308.79 459.39

20 20 5(s) 0.188 4.78 39.82 59.32 0.2581

20.000 10s 0.218 5.54 46.10 68.65 0.2581

508 0.219 5.56 46.31 68.89 0.219 5.6 46.31 69.38 0.2581

500 10 0.250 6.35 52.78 78.56 0.250 6.4 52.78 79.16 0.2581

0.281 7.14 59.23 88.19 0.281 7.1 59.23 87.70 0.2581

0.312 7.92 65.66 97.68 0.312 7.9 65.66 97.43 0.2581

0.344 8.74 72.28 107.61 0.344 8.7 72.28 107.12 0.2581

STD 20 40s 0.375 9.53 78.67 117.15 0.375 9.5 78.67 116.78 0.2581

0.406 10.31 85.04 126.54 0.406 10.3 85.04 126.41 0.2581

0.438 11.13 91.59 136.38 0.438 11.1 91.59 136.01 0.2581

0.469 11.91 97.92 145.71 0.469 11.9 97.92 145.58 0.2581

XS 30 80s 0.500 12.70 104.23 155.13 0.500 12.7 104.23 155.12 0.2581

0.562 14.27 116.78 173.75 0.562 14.3 116.78 174.10 0.2581

40 0.594 15.09 123.23 183.43 0.2581






91






20 20 0.625 15.88 129.45 192.73 0.625 15.9 129.45 192.95 0.2581

20.000 0.688 17.48 142.03 211.45 0.688 17.9 142.03 216.34 0.2581

508 0.750 19.05 154.34 229.71 0.750 19.1 154.34 230.27 0.2581

500 60 0.812 20.62 166.56 247.84 0.812 20.6 166.56 247.60 0.2581

0.875 22.23 178.89 266.31 0.875 22.2 178.89 265.95

0.938 23.83 191.14 284.54 0.938 23.8 191.14 284.18

1.000 25.40 203.11 302.30 1.000 25.4 203.11 302.28

80 1.031 26.19 209.06 311.19

1.062 26.97 215.00 319.94 1.062 27.0 215.00 320.26

1.125 28.58 227.00 337.91 1.125 28.6 227.00 338.11

1.188 30.18 238.91 355.63 1.188 30.2 238.91 355.83

1.250 31.75 250.55 372.91 1.250 31.8 250.55 373.43

100 1.281 32.54 256.34 381.55

1.312 33.32 262.10 390.05 1.312 33.3 262.10 389.81

1.375 34.93 273.76 407.51 1.375 34.9 273.76 407.17

120 1.500 38.10 296.65 441.52

140 1.750 44.45 341.41 508.15

160 1.969 50.01 379.53 564.85

22 22 5(s) 0.188 4.78 43.84 65.33 0.3125

22.000 10s 0.218 5.54 50.76 75.62 0.3125

559 0.219 5.56 50.99 75.89 0.219 5.6 50.99 76.42 0.3125

550 10 0.250 6.35 58.13 86.55 0.250 6.4 58.13 87.21 0.3125

0.281 7.14 65.24 97.17 0.281 7.1 65.24 96.63 0.3125

0.312 7.92 72.34 107.64 0.312 7.9 72.34 107.36 0.3125

0.344 8.74 79.64 118.60 0.344 8.7 79.64 118.06 0.3125

STD 20 0.375 9.53 86.69 129.14 0.375 9.5 86.69 128.73 0.3125

0.406 10.31 93.72 139.51 0.406 10.3 93.72 139.37 0.3125

0.438 11.13 100.96 150.38 0.438 11.1 100.96 149.97 0.3125

0.469 11.91 107.95 160.69 0.469 11.9 107.95 160.55 0.3125

XS 30 0.500 12.70 114.92 171.10 0.500 12.7 114.92 171.09 0.3125

0.562 14.27 128.79 191.70 0.562 14.3 128.79 192.08 0.3125

0.625 15.88 142.81 212.70 0.625 15.9 142.81 212.95 0.3125

0.688 17.48 156.74 233.44 0.688 17.5 156.74 233.68 0.3125

0.750 19.05 170.37 253.67 0.750 19.1 170.37 254.30 0.3125

0.812 20.62 183.92 273.78 0.812 20.6 183.92 273.51 0.3125





92






22 22 60 0.875 22.23 197.60 294.27 0.875 22.2 197.60 293.87 0.3125

22.000 0.938 23.83 211.19 314.51 0.938 23.8 211.19 314.11

559 1.000 25.40 224.49 334.25 1.000 25.4 224.49 334.23

550 1.062 26.97 237.70 353.86 1.062 27.0 237.70 354.22

80 1.125 28.58 251.05 373.85 1.125 28.6 251.05 374.08

1.188 30.18 264.31 393.59 1.188 30.2 264.31 393.81

1.250 31.75 277.27 412.84 1.250 31.8 277.27 413.42

1.312 33.32 290.15 431.96 1.312 33.3 290.15 431.69

100 1.375 34.93 303.16 451.45 1.375 34.9 303.16 451.06

1.438 36.53 316.08 470.69 1.438 36.5 316.08 470.30

1.500 38.10 328.72 489.44 1.500 38.1 328.72 489.41

120 1.625 41.28 353.94 527.05

140 1.875 47.63 403.38 600.67

160 2.125 53.98 451.49 672.30

24 24 5(s) 0.218 5.54 55.42 82.58 0.3721

24.000 10(s) 0.250 6.35 63.47 94.53 0.250 6.4 63.47 95.26 0.3721

610 0.281 7.14 71.25 106.15 0.281 7.1 71.25 105.56 0.3721

600 0.312 7.92 79.01 117.60 0.312 7.9 79.01 117.30 0.3721

0.344 8.74 86.99 129.60 0.344 8.7 86.99 129.00 0.3721

STD 20 40s 0.375 9.53 94.71 141.12 0.375 9.5 94.71 140.68 0.3721

0.406 10.31 102.40 152.48 0.406 10.3 102.40 152.32 0.3721

0.438 11.13 110.32 164.38 0.438 11.1 110.32 163.93 0.3721

0.469 11.91 117.98 175.67 0.469 11.9 117.98 175.51 0.3721

XS 80s 0.500 12.70 125.61 187.07 0.500 12.7 125.61 187.06 0.3721

30 0.562 14.27 140.81 209.65 0.562 14.3 140.81 210.07 0.3721

0.625 15.88 156.17 232.67 0.625 15.9 156.17 232.94 0.3721

40 0.688 17.48 171.45 255.43 0.688 17.5 171.45 255.69 0.3721

0.750 19.05 186.41 277.63 0.750 19.1 186.41 278.32 0.3721

0.812 20.62 201.28 299.71 0.812 20.6 201.28 299.41 0.3721

0.875 22.23 216.31 322.23 0.875 22.2 216.31 321.79 0.3721

0.938 23.83 231.25 344.48 0.938 23.8 231.25 344.05 0.3721

60 0.969 24.61 238.57 355.28 0.3721

1.000 25.40 245.87 366.19 1.000 25.4 245.87 366.17 0.3721

1.062 26.97 260.41 387.79 1.062 27.0 260.41 388.17

1.125 28.58 275.10 409.80 1.125 28.6 275.10 410.05






93






24 24 1.188 30.18 289.71 431.55 1.188 30.2 289.71 431.80

24.000 80 1.219 30.96 296.86 442.11

610 1.250 31.75 304.00 452.77 1.250 31.8 304.00 453.42

600 1.312 33.32 318.21 473.87 1.312 33.3 318.21 473.57

1.375 34.93 332.56 495.38 1.375 34.9 332.56 494.95

1.438 36.53 346.83 516.63 1.438 36.5 346.83 516.20

1.500 38.10 360.79 537.36 1.500 38.1 360.79 537.33

100 1.531 38.89 367.74 547.74

1.562 39.67 374.66 557.97 1.562 39.7 374.66 558.32

120 1.812 46.02 429.79 640.07

140 2.062 52.37 483.57 720.19

160 2.344 59.54 542.64 808.27

26 26 0.250 6.35 68.82 102.36 0.250 6.4 68.82 103.15 0.4356

26.000 0.281 7.14 77.26 114.96 0.281 7.1 77.26 114.31 0.4356

660 10 0.312 7.92 85.68 127.36 0.312 7.9 85.68 127.04 0.4356

650 0.344 8.74 94.35 140.37 0.344 8.7 94.35 139.73 0.4356

STD 0.375 9.53 102.72 152.88 0.375 9.5 102.72 152.39 0.4356

0.406 10.31 111.08 165.19 0.406 10.3 111.08 165.02 0.4356

0.438 11.13 119.69 178.10 0.438 11.1 119.69 177.62 0.4356

0.469 11.91 128.00 190.36 0.469 11.9 128.00 190.19 0.4356

XS 20 0.500 12.70 136.30 202.74 0.500 12.7 136.30 202.72 0.4356

0.562 14.27 152.83 227.25 0.562 14.3 152.83 227.70 0.4356

0.625 15.88 169.54 252.25 0.625 15.9 169.54 252.55 0.4356

0.688 17.48 186.16 276.98 0.688 17.5 186.16 277.27 0.4356

0.750 19.05 202.44 301.12 0.750 19.1 202.44 301.87 0.4356

0.812 20.62 218.64 325.14 0.812 20.6 218.64 324.81 0.4356

0.875 22.23 235.01 349.64 0.875 22.2 235.01 349.16 0.4356

0.938 23.83 251.30 373.87 0.938 23.8 251.30 373.39 0.4356

1.000 25.40 267.25 397.51 1.000 25.4 267.25 397.49 0.4356

28 28 0.250 6.35 74.16 110.35 0.250 6.4 74.16 111.20 0.5055

28.000 0.281 7.14 83.26 123.94 0.281 7.1 83.26 123.24 0.5055

711 10 0.312 7.92 92.35 137.32 0.312 7.9 92.35 136.97 0.5055

700 0.344 8.74 101.70 151.37 0.344 8.7 101.70 150.67 0.5055

STD 0.375 9.53 110.74 164.86 0.375 9.5 110.74 164.34 0.5055





94






28 28 0.406 10.31 119.76 178.16 0.406 10.3 119.76 177.98 0.5055

28.000 0.438 11.13 129.05 192.10 0.438 11.1 129.05 191.58 0.5055

711 0.469 11.91 138.03 205.34 0.469 11.9 138.03 205.15 0.5055

700 XS 20 0.500 12.70 146.99 218.71 0.500 12.7 146.99 218.69 0.5055

0.562 14.27 164.84 245.19 0.562 14.3 164.84 245.68 0.5055

30 0.625 15.88 182.90 272.23 0.625 15.9 182.90 272.54 0.5055

0.688 17.48 200.87 298.96 0.688 17.5 200.87 299.28 0.5055

0.750 19.05 218.48 325.08 0.750 19.1 218.48 325.89 0.5055

0.812 20.62 236.00 351.07 0.812 20.6 236.00 350.72 0.5055

0.875 22.23 253.72 377.60 0.875 22.2 253.72 377.08 0.5055

0.938 23.83 271.36 403.84 0.938 23.8 271.36 403.32 0.5055

1.000 25.40 288.63 429.46 1.000 25.4 288.63 429.44 0.5055

30 30 5(s) 0.250 6.35 79.51 118.34 0.250 6.4 79.51 119.25 0.5806

30.000 0.281 7.14 89.27 132.92 0.281 7.1 89.27 132.17 0.5806

762.0 10(s) 0.312 7.92 99.02 147.29 0.312 7.9 99.02 146.91 0.5806

750 0.344 8.74 109.06 162.36 0.344 8.7 109.06 161.61 0.5806

STD 0.375 9.53 118.76 176.85 0.375 9.5 118.76 176.29 0.5806

0.406 10.31 128.44 191.12 0.406 10.3 128.44 190.93 0.5806

0.438 11.13 138.42 206.10 0.438 11.1 138.42 205.54 0.5806

0.469 11.91 148.06 220.32 0.469 11.9 148.06 220.12 0.5806

XS 20 0.500 12.70 157.68 234.68 0.500 12.7 157.68 234.67 0.5806

0.562 14.27 176.86 263.14 0.562 14.3 176.86 263.67 0.5806

30 0.625 15.88 196.26 292.20 0.625 15.9 196.26 292.54 0.5806

0.688 17.48 215.58 320.95 0.688 17.5 215.58 321.29 0.5806

0.750 19.05 234.51 349.04 0.750 19.1 234.51 349.91 0.5806

0.812 20.62 253.36 377.01 0.812 20.6 253.36 376.63 0.5806

0.875 22.23 272.43 405.56 0.875 22.2 272.43 405.00 0.5806

0.938 23.83 291.41 433.81 0.938 23.8 291.41 433.26 0.5806

1.000 25.40 310.01 461.41 1.000 25.4 310.01 461.38 0.5806

1.062 26.97 328.53 488.88 1.062 27.0 328.53 489.38 0.5806

1.125 28.58 347.26 516.93 1.125 28.6 347.26 517.25 0.5806

1.188 30.18 365.90 544.68 1.188 30.2 365.90 544.99 0.5806

1.250 31.75 384.17 571.79 1.250 31.8 384.17 572.61 0.5806

32 32 0.250 6.35 84.85 126.32 0.250 6.4 84.85 127.30 0.6610






95






32 32 0.281 7.14 95.28 141.90 0.281 7.1 95.28 141.10 0.6610

32.000 10 0.312 7.92 105.69 157.25 0.312 7.9 105.69 156.84 0.6610

813 0.344 8.74 116.41 173.35 0.344 8.7 116.41 172.56 0.6610

800 STD 0.375 9.53 126.78 188.83 0.375 9.5 126.78 188.24 0.6610

0.406 10.31 137.12 204.09 0.406 10.3 137.12 203.88 0.6610

0.438 11.13 147.78 220.10 0.438 11.1 147.78 219.50 0.6610

0.469 11.91 158.08 235.29 0.469 11.9 158.08 235.09 0.6610

XS 20 0.500 12.70 168.37 250.65 0.500 12.7 168.37 250.64 0.6610

0.562 14.27 188.87 281.09 0.562 14.3 188.87 281.65 0.6610

30 0.625 15.88 209.62 312.17 0.625 15.9 209.62 312.54 0.6610

40 0.688 17.48 230.29 342.94 0.688 17.5 230.29 343.30 0.6610

0.750 19.05 250.55 373.00 0.750 19.1 250.55 373.93 0.6610

0.812 20.62 270.72 402.94 0.812 20.6 270.72 402.54 0.6610

0.875 22.23 291.14 433.52 0.875 22.2 291.14 432.93 0.6610

0.938 23.83 311.47 463.78 0.938 23.8 311.47 463.19 0.6610

1.000 25.40 331.39 493.35 1.000 25.4 331.39 493.32 0.6610

1.062 26.97 351.23 522.80 1.062 27.0 351.23 523.33 0.6610

1.125 28.58 371.31 552.88 1.125 28.6 371.31 553.22 0.6610

1.188 30.18 391.30 582.64 1.188 30.2 391.30 582.98 0.6610

1.250 31.75 410.90 611.72 1.250 31.8 410.90 612.61 0.6610

34 34 0.250 6.35 90.20 134.31 0.250 6.4 90.20 135.35 0.7465

34.000 0.281 7.14 101.29 150.88 0.281 7.1 101.29 150.03 0.7465

864 10 0.312 7.92 112.36 167.21 0.312 7.9 112.36 166.78 0.7465

850 0.344 8.74 123.77 184.34 0.344 8.7 123.77 183.50 0.7465

STD 0.375 9.53 134.79 200.82 0.375 9.5 134.79 200.18 0.7465

0.406 10.31 145.80 217.06 0.406 10.3 145.80 216.84 0.7465

0.438 11.13 157.14 234.10 0.438 11.1 157.14 233.46 0.7465

0.469 11.91 168.11 250.27 0.469 11.9 168.11 250.05 0.7465

XS 20 0.500 12.70 179.06 266.63 0.500 12.7 179.06 266.61 0.7465

0.562 14.27 200.89 299.04 0.562 14.3 200.89 299.64 0.7465

30 0.625 15.88 222.99 332.14 0.625 15.9 222.99 332.53 0.7465

40 0.688 17.48 245.00 364.92 0.688 17.5 245.00 365.31 0.7465

0.750 19.05 266.58 396.96 0.750 19.1 266.58 397.95 0.7465

0.812 20.62 288.08 428.88 0.812 20.6 288.08 428.44 0.7465

0.875 22.23 309.84 461.48 0.875 22.2 309.84 460.85 0.7465





96






34 34 0.938 23.83 331.52 493.75 0.938 23.8 331.52 493.12 0.7465

34.000 1.000 25.40 352.77 525.30 1.000 25.4 352.77 525.27 0.7465

864 1.062 26.97 373.94 556.73 1.062 27.0 373.94 557.29 0.7465

850 1.125 28.58 395.36 588.83 1.125 28.6 395.36 589.19 0.7465

1.188 30.18 416.70 620.60 1.188 30.2 416.70 620.96 0.7465

1.250 31.75 437.62 651.65 1.250 31.8 437.62 652.60 0.7465

36 36 0.250 6.35 95.54 142.14 0.250 6.4 95.54 143.24 0.8354

36.000 0.281 7.14 107.30 159.68 0.281 7.1 107.30 158.79 0.8354

914 10 0.312 7.92 119.03 176.97 0.312 7.9 119.03 176.52 0.8354

900 0.344 8.74 131.12 195.12 0.344 8.7 131.12 194.22 0.8354

STD 0.375 9.53 142.81 212.57 0.375 9.5 142.81 211.90 0.8354

0.406 10.31 154.48 229.77 0.406 10.3 154.48 229.54 0.8354

0.438 11.13 166.51 247.82 0.438 11.1 166.51 247.15 0.8354

0.469 11.91 178.14 264.96 0.469 11.9 178.14 264.72 0.8354

XS 20 0.500 12.70 189.75 282.29 0.500 12.7 189.75 282.27 0.8354

0.562 14.27 212.90 316.63 0.562 14.3 212.90 317.27 0.8354

30 0.625 15.88 236.35 351.73 0.625 15.9 236.35 352.14 0.8354

0.688 17.48 259.71 386.47 0.688 17.5 259.71 386.88 0.8354

40 0.750 19.05 282.62 420.45 0.750 19.1 282.62 421.50 0.8354

0.812 20.62 305.44 454.30 0.812 20.6 305.44 453.84 0.8354

0.875 22.23 328.55 488.89 0.875 22.2 328.55 488.22 0.8354

0.938 23.83 351.57 523.14 0.938 23.8 351.57 522.47 0.8354

1.000 25.40 374.15 556.62 1.000 25.4 374.15 556.59 0.8354

1.062 26.97 396.64 589.98 1.062 27.0 396.64 590.58 0.8354

1.125 28.58 419.42 624.07 1.125 28.6 419.42 624.45 0.8354

1.188 30.18 442.10 657.81 1.188 30.2 442.10 658.19 0.8354

1.250 31.75 464.35 690.80 1.250 31.8 464.35 691.81 0.8354

38 38 0.312 7.92 125.70 186.94 0.312 7.9 125.70 186.46 0.9312

38.000 0.344 8.74 138.47 206.11 0.344 8.7 138.47 205.17 0.9312

965 STD 0.375 9.53 150.83 224.56 0.375 9.5 150.83 223.84 0.9312

950 0.406 10.31 163.16 242.74 0.406 10.3 163.16 242.49 0.9312

0.438 11.13 175.87 261.82 0.438 11.1 175.87 261.11 0.9312

0.469 11.91 188.17 279.94 0.469 11.9 188.17 279.69 0.9312

XS 0.500 12.70 200.44 298.26 0.500 12.7 200.44 298.24 0.9312






97






38 38 0.562 14.27 224.94 334.58 0.562 14.3 224.92 335.25 0.9312

38.000 0.625 15.88 249.71 371.70 0.625 15.9 249.71 372.14 0.9312

965 0.688 17.48 274.42 408.46 0.688 17.5 274.42 408.89 0.9312

950 0.750 19.05 298.65 444.41 0.750 19.1 298.65 445.52 0.9312

0.812 20.62 322.80 480.24 0.812 20.6 322.80 479.75 0.9312

0.875 22.23 347.26 516.85 0.875 22.2 347.26 516.14 0.9312

0.938 23.83 371.63 553.11 0.938 23.8 371.63 552.40 0.9312

1.000 25.40 395.53 588.57 1.000 25.4 395.53 588.53 0.9312

1.062 26.97 419.35 623.90 1.062 27.0 419.35 624.54 0.9312

1.125 28.58 443.47 660.01 1.125 28.6 443.47 660.42 0.9312

1.188 30.18 467.50 695.77 1.188 30.2 467.50 696.18 0.9312

1.250 31.75 491.07 730.74 1.250 31.8 491.07 731.80 0.9312

40 40 0.312 7.92 132.37 196.90 0.312 7.9 132.37 196.39 1.0323

40.000 0.344 8.74 145.83 217.11 0.344 8.7 145.83 216.11 1.0323

1016 STD 0.375 9.53 158.85 236.54 0.375 9.5 158.85 235.79 1.0323

1000 0.406 10.31 171.84 255.71 0.406 10.3 171.84 255.45 1.0323

0.438 11.13 185.24 275.82 0.438 11.1 185.24 275.07 1.0323

0.469 11.91 198.19 294.92 0.469 11.9 198.19 294.66 1.0323

XS 0.500 12.70 211.13 314.23 0.500 12.7 211.13 314.22 1.0323

0.562 14.27 236.93 352.53 0.562 14.3 236.93 353.24 1.0323

0.625 15.88 263.07 391.67 0.625 15.9 263.07 392.13 1.0323

0.688 17.48 289.13 430.45 0.688 17.5 289.13 430.90 1.0323

0.750 19.05 314.69 468.37 0.750 19.1 314.69 469.55 1.0323

0.812 20.62 340.16 506.17 0.812 20.6 340.16 505.66 1.0323

0.875 22.23 365.97 544.81 0.875 22.2 365.97 544.06 1.0323

0.938 23.83 391.68 583.08 0.938 23.8 391.68 582.33 1.0323

1.000 25.40 416.91 620.51 1.000 25.4 416.91 620.48 1.0323

1.062 26.97 442.05 657.82 1.062 27.0 442.05 658.50 1.0323

1.125 28.58 467.52 695.96 1.125 28.6 467.52 696.39 1.0323

1.188 30.18 492.90 733.73 1.188 30.2 492.90 734.16 1.0323

1.250 31.75 517.80 770.67 1.250 31.8 517.80 771.80 1.0323

42 42 0.344 8.74 153.18 228.10 0.344 8.7 153.18 227.05 1.1385

42.000 STD 0.375 9.53 166.86 248.53 0.375 9.5 166.86 247.74 1.1385

1067 0.406 10.31 180.52 268.67 0.406 10.3 180.52 268.40 1.1385





98






42 42 0.438 11.13 194.60 289.82 0.438 11.1 194.60 289.03 1.1385

42.000 0.469 11.91 208.22 309.90 0.469 11.9 208.22 309.62 1.1385

1067 XS 0.500 12.70 221.82 330.21 0.500 12.7 221.82 330.19 1.1385

1050 0.562 14.27 248.95 370.48 0.562 14.3 248.95 371.22 1.1385

0.625 15.88 276.44 411.64 0.625 15.9 276.44 412.13 1.1385

0.688 17.48 303.84 452.43 0.688 17.5 303.84 452.91 1.1385

0.750 19.05 330.72 492.33 0.750 19.1 330.72 493.57 1.1385

0.812 20.62 357.52 532.11 0.812 20.6 357.52 531.57 1.1385

0.875 22.23 384.67 572.77 0.875 22.2 384.67 571.98 1.1385

0.938 23.83 411.74 613.05 0.938 23.8 411.74 612.26 1.1385

1.000 25.40 438.29 652.46 1.000 25.4 438.29 652.42 1.1385

1.062 26.97 464.76 691.75 1.062 27.0 464.76 692.45 1.1385

1.125 28.58 491.57 731.91 1.125 28.6 491.57 732.36 1.1385

1.188 30.18 518.30 771.69 1.188 30.2 518.30 772.14 1.1385

1.250 31.75 544.52 810.60 1.250 31.8 544.52 811.79 1.1385

44 44 0.344 8.74 160.54 239.09 0.344 8.7 160.54 237.99 1.2499

44.000 STD 0.375 9.53 174.88 260.52 0.375 9.5 174.88 259.69 1.2499

1110 0.406 10.31 189.20 281.64 0.406 10.3 189.20 281.35 1.2499

0.438 11.13 203.97 303.82 0.438 11.1 203.97 302.99 1.2499

0.469 11.91 218.25 324.88 0.469 11.9 218.25 324.59 1.2499

XS 0.500 12.70 232.51 346.18 0.500 12.7 232.51 346.16 1.2499

0.562 14.27 260.97 388.42 0.562 14.3 260.97 389.21 1.2499

0.625 15.88 289.80 431.62 0.625 15.9 289.80 432.13 1.2499

0.688 17.48 318.55 474.42 0.688 17.5 318.55 474.92 1.2499

0.750 19.05 346.76 516.29 0.750 19.1 346.76 517.59 1.2499

0.812 20.62 374.88 558.04 0.812 20.6 374.88 557.47 1.2499

0.875 22.23 403.38 600.73 0.875 22.2 403.38 599.90 1.2499

0.938 23.83 431.79 643.03 0.938 23.8 431.79 642.19 1.2499

1.000 25.40 459.67 684.41 1.000 25.4 459.67 684.37 1.2499

1.062 26.97 487.47 725.67 1.062 27.0 487.47 726.41 1.2499

1.125 28.58 515.63 767.85 1.125 28.6 515.63 768.33 1.2499

1.188 30.18 543.70 809.65 1.188 30.2 543.70 810.12 1.2499

1.250 31.75 571.25 850.54 1.250 31.8 571.25 851.79 1.2499

46 46 0.344 8.74 167.89 249.87 0.344 8.7 167.89 248.72 1.3642






99






46 46 STD 0.375 9.53 182.90 272.27 0.375 9.5 182.90 271.40 1.3642

1168 0.406 10.31 197.88 294.35 0.406 10.3 197.88 294.05 1.3642

1150 0.438 11.13 213.33 317.54 0.438 11.1 213.33 316.67 1.3642

0.469 11.91 228.27 339.56 0.469 11.9 228.27 339.26 1.3642

XS 0.500 12.70 243.20 351.84 0.500 12.7 243.20 361.82 1.3642

0.562 14.27 272.98 406.02 0.562 14.3 272.98 406.84 1.3642

0.625 15.88 303.16 451.20 0.625 15.9 303.16 451.73 1.3642

0.688 17.48 333.26 495.97 0.688 17.5 333.26 496.50 1.3642

0.750 19.05 362.79 539.78 0.750 19.1 362.79 541.14 1.3642

0.812 20.62 392.24 583.47 0.812 20.6 392.24 582.87 1.3642

0.875 22.23 422.09 628.14 0.875 22.2 422.09 627.27 1.3642

0.938 23.83 451.85 672.41 0.938 23.8 451.85 671.54 1.3642

1.000 25.40 481.05 715.73 1.000 25.4 481.05 715.68 1.3642

1.062 26.97 510.17 758.92 1.062 27.0 510.17 759.70 1.3642

1.125 28.58 539.68 803.09 1.125 28.6 539.68 803.59 1.3642

1.188 30.18 569.10 846.86 1.188 30.2 569.10 847.36 1.3642

1.250 31.75 597.97 889.69 1.250 31.8 597.97 890.99 1.3642

48 48 0.344 8.74 175.25 260.86 0.344 8.7 175.25 259.66 1.4860

48.000 STD 0.375 9.53 190.92 284.25 0.375 9.5 190.92 283.35 1.4860

1219 0.406 10.31 206.56 307.32 0.406 10.3 206.56 307.01 1.4860

1200 0.438 11.13 222.70 331.54 0.438 11.1 222.70 330.63 1.4860

0.469 11.91 238.30 354.54 0.469 11.9 238.30 354.23 1.4860

XS 0.500 12.70 253.89 377.81 0.500 12.7 253.89 377.79 1.4860

0.562 14.27 285.00 423.97 0.562 14.3 285.00 424.82 1.4860

0.625 15.88 316.52 471.17 0.625 15.9 316.52 471.73 1.4860

0.688 17.48 347.97 517.95 0.688 17.5 347.97 518.51 1.4860

0.750 19.05 378.89 563.74 0.750 19.1 378.83 565.16 1.4860

0.812 20.62 409.61 609.40 0.812 20.6 409.61 608.78 1.4860

0.875 22.23 440.80 656.10 0.875 22.2 440.80 655.19 1.4860

0.938 23.83 471.90 702.38 0.938 23.8 471.90 701.47 1.4860

1.000 25.40 502.43 747.67 1.000 25.4 502.43 747.63 1.4860

1.062 26.97 532.88 792.84 1.062 27.0 532.88 793.66 1.4860

1.125 28.58 563.73 839.04 1.125 28.6 563.73 839.56 1.4860

1.188 30.18 594.50 884.84 1.188 30.2 594.50 885.34 1.4860

1.250 31.75 624.70 929.62 1.250 31.8 624.70 930.99 1.4860




Dimensions and Weights

100

Steel TubesASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5LMetric and Imperial Units






52 52 0.375 9.53 206.95 308.23 0.375 9.5 206.95 307.25 1.7450

52.000 0.406 10.31 223.93 333.26 0.406 10.3 223.93 332.92 1.7450

1321 0.438 11.13 241.42 359.54 0.438 11.1 241.42 358.55 1.7450

1300 0.469 11.91 258.36 384.50 0.469 11.9 258.36 384.16 1.7450

0.500 12.70 275.27 409.76 0.500 12.7 275.27 409.74 1.7450

0.562 14.27 309.03 459.86 0.562 14.3 309.03 460.79 1.7450

0.625 15.88 343.25 511.12 0.625 15.9 343.25 511.72 1.7450

0.688 17.48 377.39 561.93 0.688 17.5 377.39 562.53 1.7450

0.750 19.05 410.90 611.66 0.750 19.1 410.90 613.20 1.7450

0.812 20.62 444.33 661.27 0.812 20.6 444.33 660.60 1.7450

0.875 22.23 478.21 712.02 0.875 22.2 478.21 711.03 1.7450

0.938 23.83 512.01 762.33 0.938 23.8 512.01 761.34 1.7450

1.000 25.40 545.19 811.57 1.000 25.4 545.19 811.52 1.7450

1.062 26.97 578.29 860.69 1.062 27.0 578.29 861.57 1.7450

1.125 28.58 611.84 910.93 1.125 28.6 611.84 911.50 1.7450

1.188 30.18 645.30 960.74 1.188 30.2 645.30 961.30 1.7450

1.250 31.75 678.15 1009.49 1.250 31.8 678.15 1010.98 1.7450

56 56 0.375 9.53 222.99 331.96 0.375 9.5 222.99 330.91 2.0221

56.000 0.406 10.31 241.29 358.94 0.406 10.3 241.29 358.57 2.0221

1422 0.438 11.13 260.15 387.26 0.438 11.1 260.15 386.20 2.0221

1400 0.469 11.91 278.41 414.17 0.469 11.9 278.41 413.80 2.0221

0.500 12.70 296.65 441.39 0.500 12.7 296.65 441.37 2.0221

0.562 14.27 333.06 495.41 0.562 14.3 333.06 496.41 2.0221

0.625 15.88 369.97 550.67 0.625 15.9 369.97 551.32 2.0221

0.688 17.48 406.80 605.46 0.688 17.5 406.80 606.11 2.0221

0.750 19.05 442.97 659.11 0.750 19.1 442.97 660.77 2.0221

0.812 20.62 479.05 712.63 0.812 20.6 479.05 711.91 2.0221

0.875 22.23 515.63 767.39 0.875 22.2 515.63 766.32 2.0221

0.938 23.83 552.12 821.68 0.938 23.8 552.12 820.61 2.0221

1.000 25.40 587.95 875.83 1.000 25.4 587.95 874.78 2.0221

1.062 26.97 623.70 927.86 1.062 27.0 623.70 928.82 2.0221

1.125 28.58 659.94 982.12 1.125 28.6 659.94 982.73 2.0221

1.188 30.18 696.10 1035.91 1.188 30.2 696.10 1036.52 2.0221

1.250 31.75 731.60 1088.57 1.250 31.8 731.60 1090.18 2.0221





101

Steel TubesASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5L

Metric and Imperial Units






60 60 0.375 9.53 239.02 355.94 0.375 9.5 239.02 354.80 2.3226

60.000 0.406 10.31 258.65 384.87 0.406 10.3 258.65 384.48 2.3226

1524 0.438 11.13 278.88 415.26 0.438 11.1 278.88 414.12 2.3226

1500 0.469 11.91 298.47 444.13 0.469 11.9 298.47 443.73 2.3226

0.500 12.70 318.03 473.34 0.500 12.7 318.03 473.31 2.3226

0.562 14.27 357.09 531.30 0.562 14.3 357.09 532.38 2.3226

0.625 15.88 396.70 590.62 0.625 15.9 396.70 591.32 2.3226

0.688 17.48 436.22 649.44 0.688 17.5 436.22 650.13 2.3226

0.750 19.05 475.04 707.03 0.750 19.1 475.04 708.82 2.3226

0.812 20.62 513.77 764.50 0.812 20.6 513.77 763.72 2.3226

0.875 22.23 553.04 823.31 0.875 22.2 553.04 822.16 2.3226

0.938 23.83 592.23 881.63 0.938 23.8 592.23 880.48 2.3226

1.000 25.40 630.71 938.73 1.000 25.4 630.71 938.67 2.3226

1.062 26.97 669.11 995.71 1.062 27.0 669.11 996.73 2.3226

1.125 28.58 708.05 1054.01 1.125 28.6 708.05 1054.67 2.3226

1.188 30.18 746.90 1111.83 1.188 30.2 746.90 1112.48 2.3226

1.250 31.75 785.05 1168.44 1.250 31.8 785.05 1170.17 2.3226

64 64 0.375 9.53 255.06 379.91 0.375 9.5 255.06 378.70 2.6439

64.000 0.406 10.31 276.01 410.81 0.406 10.3 276.01 410.38 2.6439

1626 0.438 11.13 297.61 443.25 0.438 11.1 297.61 442.04 2.6439

1600 0.469 11.91 318.52 474.09 0.469 11.9 318.52 473.66 2.6439

0.500 12.70 339.41 505.29 0.500 12.7 339.41 505.26 2.6439

0.562 14.27 381.12 567.20 0.562 14.3 381.12 568.35 2.6439

0.625 15.88 423.42 630.56 0.625 15.9 423.42 631.31 2.6439

0.688 17.48 465.64 693.41 0.688 17.5 465.64 694.15 2.6439

0.750 19.05 507.11 754.95 0.750 19.1 507.11 756.86 2.6439

0.812 20.62 548.49 816.37 0.812 20.6 548.49 815.54 2.6439

0.875 22.23 590.46 879.23 0.875 22.2 590.46 878.00 2.6439

0.938 23.83 632.34 941.57 0.938 23.8 632.34 940.34 2.6439

1.000 25.40 673.47 1002.62 1.000 25.4 673.47 1002.56 2.6439

1.062 26.97 714.52 1063.55 1.062 27.0 714.52 1064.65 2.6439

1.125 28.58 756.15 1125.90 1.125 28.6 756.15 1126.61 2.6439

1.188 30.18 797.69 1187.74 1.188 30.2 797.69 1188.44 2.6439

1.250 31.75 838.50 1248.30 1.250 31.8 838.50 1250.15 2.6439





102

Steel TubesASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5LMetric and Imperial Units






68 68 0.469 11.91 338.57 503.75 0.469 11.9 338.57 503.30 2.9825

68.000 0.500 12.70 360.79 536.92 0.500 12.7 360.79 536.89 2.9825

1727 0.562 14.27 405.15 602.74 0.562 14.3 405.15 603.96 2.9825

1700 0.625 15.88 450.15 670.12 0.625 15.9 450.15 670.91 2.9825

0.688 17.48 495.06 736.95 0.688 17.5 495.06 737.73 2.9825

0.750 19.05 539.18 802.40 0.750 19.1 539.18 804.43 2.9825

0.812 20.62 583.21 867.73 0.812 20.6 583.21 866.84 2.9825

0.875 22.23 627.57 934.60 0.875 22.2 627.87 933.30 2.9825

0.938 23.83 672.45 1000.92 0.938 23.8 672.45 999.62 2.9825

1.000 25.40 716.23 1065.89 1.000 25.4 716.23 1065.82 2.9825

1.062 26.97 759.93 1130.73 1.062 27.0 759.93 1131.89 2.9825

1.125 28.58 804.26 1197.09 1.125 28.6 804.26 1197.84 2.9825

1.188 30.18 848.49 1262.92 1.188 30.2 848.49 1263.66 2.9825

1.250 31.75 891.95 1327.39 1.250 31.8 891.95 1329.36 2.9825

72 72 0.500 12.70 382.17 568.87 0.500 12.7 382.17 568.83 3.3452

72.000 0.562 14.27 429.18 638.64 0.562 14.3 429.18 639.93 3.3452

1829 0.625 15.88 476.87 710.06 0.625 15.9 476.87 710.91 3.3452

1800 0.688 17.48 524.48 780.92 0.688 17.5 524.48 781.75 3.3452

0.750 19.05 571.25 850.32 0.750 19.1 571.25 852.47 3.3452

0.812 20.62 617.93 919.60 0.812 20.6 617.93 918.66 3.3452

0.875 22.23 665.29 990.52 0.875 22.2 665.29 989.14 3.3452

0.938 23.83 712.55 1060.87 0.938 23.8 712.55 1059.49 3.3452

1.000 25.40 758.99 1129.78 1.000 25.4 758.99 1129.71 3.3452

1.062 26.97 805.34 1198.57 1.062 27.0 805.34 1199.81 3.3452

1.125 28.58 852.36 1268.98 1.125 28.6 852.36 1269.78 3.3452

1.188 30.18 899.29 1338.83 1.188 30.2 899.29 1339.62 3.3452

1.250 31.75 945.40 1407.25 1.250 31.8 945.40 1409.34 3.3452

76 76 0.500 12.70 403.55 600.50 0.500 12.7 403.55 600.46 3.7249

76.000 0.562 14.27 453.21 674.18 0.562 14.3 453.21 675.55 3.7249

1930 0.625 15.88 503.60 749.62 0.625 15.9 503.60 750.51 3.7249

1900 0.688 17.48 553.90 824.45 0.688 17.5 553.90 825.34 3.7249

0.750 19.05 603.32 897.77 0.750 19.1 603.32 900.05 3.7249

0.812 20.62 652.65 970.96 0.812 20.6 652.65 969.97 3.7249

0.875 22.23 702.70 1045.89 0.875 22.2 702.70 1044.43 3.7249





103

Steel TubesASME B36.10 · B36.19 · API 5L







76 76 0.938 23.83 752.66 1120.22 0.938 23.8 752.66 1118.76 3.7249

76.000 1.000 25.40 801.75 1193.05 1.000 25.4 801.75 1192.97 3.7249

1930 1.062 26.97 850.75 1265.74 1.062 27.0 850.75 1267.06 3.7249

1900 1.125 28.58 900.47 1340.17 1.125 28.6 900.47 1341.01 3.7249

1.188 30.18 950.09 1414.01 1.188 30.2 950.09 1414.84 3.7249

1.250 31.75 998.85 1486.33 1.250 31.8 998.85 1488.55 3.7249

80 80 0.562 14.27 477.25 710.08 0.562 14.3 477.25 711.52 4.1290

80.000 0.625 15.88 530.32 789.56 0.625 15.9 530.32 790.50 4.1290

2032 0.688 17.48 583.32 868.43 0.688 17.5 583.32 869.36 4.1290

2000 0.750 19.05 635.39 945.69 0.750 19.1 635.39 948.09 4.1290

0.812 20.62 687.37 1022.83 0.812 20.6 687.37 1021.78 4.1290

0.875 22.23 740.12 1101.81 0.875 22.2 740.12 1100.27 4.1290

0.938 23.83 792.77 1180.17 0.938 23.8 792.77 1178.63 4.1290

1.000 25.40 844.51 1256.94 1.000 25.4 844.51 1256.86 4.1290

1.062 26.97 896.17 1333.59 1.062 27.0 896.17 1334.97 4.1290

1.125 28.58 948.57 1412.06 1.125 28.6 948.57 1412.95 4.1290

1.188 30.18 1000.89 1489.92 1.188 30.2 1000.89 1490.80 4.1290

1.250 31.75 1052.30 1566.20 1.250 31.8 1052.30 1568.53 4.1290





104

Casing & TubingAPI 5CTMetric and Imperial Units

Casing & TubingAPI 5CT · Round Thread, Buttress Thread, Extreme Line CasingDesignation Outside Wall Plain End ew Weight gain or loss due to end finishing

Size Weight Diameter Thickness Weight/m Round thread Buttress thread Extreme line

D t Wpe Short Long Reg OD SCC Std. Opt.

in lb/ft mm mm kg/m kg kg kg kg kg kg

41/2 9.50 114.30 5.21 14.02 1.91

41/2 10.50 114.30 5.69 15.24 1.72 2.27 1.16

41/2 11.60 114.30 6.35 16.91 1.54 1.72 2.09 0.98

41/2 13.50 114.30 7.37 19.44 1.45 1.81 0.71

41/2 15.10 114.30 8.56 22.32 1.27 1.45 0.34

5 11.50 127.00 5.59 16.74 2.45

5 13.00 127.00 6.43 19.12 2.18 2.63 2.99 1.10

5 15.00 127.00 7.52 22.16 1.91 2.36 2.63 0.73 2.09

5 18.00 127.00 9.19 26.70 1.91 2.00 0.10 0.64

5 21.40 127.00 11.10 31.73 1.34 1.12 –0.78

5 23.20 127.00 12.14 34.39 1.04 0.93 –0.95

5 24.10 127.00 12.70 35.80 0.88 0.56 –1.33

51/2 14.00 139.70 6.20 20.41 2.45

51/2 15.50 139.70 6.99 22.88 2.18 2.63 2.90 0.95 2.63 1.91

51/2 17.00 139.70 7.72 25.13 2.00 2.45 2.63 0.68 2.18 1.45

51/2 20.00 139.70 9.17 29.52 2.00 2.09 0.14 0.64 –0.09

51/2 23.00 139.70 10.54 33.57 1.45 1.54 –0.41 –0.73

51/2 26.80 139.70 12.70 39.78

51/2 29.70 139.70 14.27 44.14

51/2 32.60 139.70 15.88 48.49

51/2 35.30 139.70 17.45 52.61

51/2 38.00 139.70 19.05 56.68

51/2 40.50 139.70 20.62 60.55

51/2 43.10 139.70 22.23 64.40

65/8 20.00 168.28 7.32 29.06 4.99 6.17 6.53 1.08

65/8 24.00 168.28 8.94 35.13 4.35 5.44 5.72 0.26 1.54 0.82

65/8 28.00 168.28 10.59 41.18 4.63 4.81 –0.64 0.09 –0.64

65/8 32.00 168.28 12.07 46.50 3.99 4.08 –1.37 –0.64 –1.36

7 17.00 177.80 5.87 24.89 4.54

7 20.00 177.80 6.91 29.12 4.26

WL = Wpe x L + ew

WL = weight of pipe of length L (Kg) Wpe= weight/meter of plain end pipe (Kg/m)L = total length of pipe (m)ew = weight gain or loss due to end finishing (Kg)Weights need a correction factor of 0.989 for martensitic chromium steels i.e. L80 type 9Cr and 13Cr.


105

Casing & TubingAPI 5CT


API 5CT · Round Thread, Buttress Thread, Extreme Line CasingDesignation Outside Wall Plain End ew Weight gain or loss due to end finishing




7 23.00 177.80 8.05 33.70 3.63 4.72 4.99 0.73 2.72 1.91

7 26.00 177.80 9.19 38.21 3.27 4.26 4.35 0.09 1.27 0.45

7 29.00 177.80 10.36 42.78 3.63 3.72 –0.54 0.27 –0.54

7 32.00 177.80 11.51 47.20 2.99 3.08 –1.18 –0.27 –1.09

7 35.00 177.80 12.65 51.52 2.54 2.54 –1.72 0.45 –0.82

7 38.00 177.80 13.72 55.52 2.00 1.91 –2.36 –0.09 –1.36

7 42.70 177.80 15.88 63.41

7 46.40 177.80 17.45 69.01

7 50.10 177.80 19.05 74.58

7 53.60 177.80 20.62 79.93

7 47.10 177.80 22.23 85.29

75/8 24.00 193.68 7.62 34.97 7.17

75/8 26.40 193.68 8.33 38.08 6.98 8.62 9.34 2.82 2.90 1.81

75/8 29.70 193.68 9.53 43.28 7.89 8.53 2.00 1.18 0.09

75/8 33.70 193.68 10.92 49.22 7.17 7.71 1.18 0.00 –1.09

75/8 39.00 193.68 12.70 56.69 6.17 6.62 0.10 –1.00 –2.09

75/8 42.80 193.68 14.27 63.14 5.45 5.17 –1.37

75/8 45.30 193.68 15.11 66.55 5.01 5.01 –1.52

75/8 47.10 193.68 15.88 69.64 4.61 4.19 –2.35

75/8 51.20 193.68 17.45 75.85

75/8 55.30 193.68 19.05 82.05

73/4 46.10 196.85 15.11 67.74

85/8 24.00 219.08 6.71 35.15 10.70

85/8 28.00 219.08 7.72 40.24 10.07

85/8 32.00 219.08 8.94 46.33 9.43 12.52 12.79 2.74 5.99 3.99

85/8 36.00 219.08 10.16 52.35 8.80 11.61 11.88 1.83 3.45 1.91

85/8 40.00 219.08 11.43 58.54 10.80 10.98 0.92 1.81 0.27

85/8 44.00 219.08 12.70 64.64 9.89 10.07 0.01 0.73 –0.82

85/8 49.00 219.08 14.15 71.52 8.89 8.98 –1.08 –0.36 –1.91

95/8 32.30 244.48 7.92 46.21 11.07

95/8 36.00 244.48 8.94 51.93 10.43 14.51 14.06 2.94

95/8 40.00 244.48 10.03 58.00 9.71 13.61 13.15 2.03 4.81 3.27

WL = Wpe x L + ew



106






95/8 43.50 244.48 11.05 63.62 12.79 12.34 1.22 2.45 0.91

95/8 47.00 244.48 11.99 68.75 12.07 11.61 0.49 1.00 –0.54

95/8 53.50 244.48 13.84 78.73 10.61 10.16 –0.96 –0.54 –2.09

95/8 58.40 244.48 15.11 85.48 9.77 9.15 –2.00

95/8 59.40 244.48 15.47 87.38

95/8 64.90 244.48 17.07 95.74

95/8 70.30 244.48 18.64 103.83

95/8 75.60 244.48 20.24 111.94

103/4 32.75 273.05 7.09 46.51 13.15

103/4 40.50 273.05 8.89 57.93 11.97 15.60 3.27

103/4 45.50 273.05 10.16 65.88 10.93 14.42 2.09 9.62

103/4 51.00 273.05 11.43 73.76 10.25 13.34 1.00 8.35

103/4 55.50 273.05 12.57 80.76 9.43 12.25 –0.09 7.17

103/4 60.70 273.05 13.84 88.49 8.53 11.07 5.90

103/4 65.70 273.05 15.11 96.14 7.62 9.98

103/4 73.20 273.05 17.07 107.78

103/4 79.20 273.05 18.64 116.97

103/4 85.30 273.05 20.24 126.21

113/4 42.00 298.45 8.46 60.51 13.43

113/4 47.00 298.45 9.53 67.91 12.52 16.24

113/4 54.00 298.45 11.05 78.33 11.34 14.70

113/4 60.00 298.45 12.42 87.63 10.25 13.43

113/4 65.00 298.45 13.56 95.29

113/4 71.00 298.45 14.78 103.42

133/8 48.00 339.73 8.38 68.47 15.06

133/8 54.50 339.73 9.65 78.55 13.97 18.23

133/8 61.00 339.73 10.92 88.54 12.88 16.69

133/8 68.00 339.73 12.19 98.46 11.70 15.24

133/8 72.00 339.73 13.06 105.20 10.98 14.33

16 65.00 406.40 9.53 93.27 19.32

16 75.00 406.40 11.13 108.49 17.33 20.68

16 84.00 406.40 12.57 122.09 15.51 17.96

WL = Wpe x L + ew



107







16 109.00 406.40 16.66 160.13

185/8 87.50 473.08 11.05 125.91 33.38 39.19

20 94.00 508.00 11.13 136.38 21.32 27.76 24.86

20 106.50 508.00 12.70 155.13 18.87 24.86 21.95

20 133.00 508.00 16.13 195.66 13.61 18.42 15.97

WL = Wpe x L + ew


API 5CT · Non-upset, External Upset, Integral Joint TubingDesignation: Weight lb/ ft Outside Wall Plain ew Weight gain or loss due to end finishing Kg

Size Non upset External Integral Diameter Thickness t End wpe Non upset External upset Integral

T&C upset T&C Joint mm mm kg/m T & C Regular Spec. Clr. Joint

1.050 1.14 1.20 26.67 2.87 1.68 0.09 0.64

1.050 1.48 1.54 26.67 3.91 2.19 0.60

1.315 1.70 1.80 1.72 33.40 3.38 2.50 0.18 0.64

1.315 2.19 2.24 33.40 4.55 3.24 0.61

1.660 2.10 42.16 3.18 3.06 0.09

1.660 2.30 2.40 2.33 42.16 3.56 3.39 0.39 0.73 0.09

1.660 3.03 3.07 42.16 4.85 4.46 0.68

1.900 2.40 48.26 3.18 3.54 0.09

1.900 2.75 2.90 2.76 48.26 3.68 4.05 0.27 0.91 0.09

1.900 3.65 3.73 48.26 5.08 5.41 0.92

1.900 4.42 48.26 6.35 6.56

1.900 5.15 48.26 7.62 7.64

2.063 3.25 52.40 3.96 4.73

2.063 4.50 52.40 5.72 6.58

WL = Wpe x L + ew ew = weight gain or loss due to end finishing (Kg)WL = weight of pipe of length L (Kg) Wpe= weight/meter of plain end pipe (Kg/m) Weights need a correction factor of 0.989 for martensitic chromium steelsL = total length of pipe (m) ie. L80 type 9Cr and 13Cr.


108


API 5CT · Non-upset, External Upset, Integral Joint TubingDesignation: Weight lb/ ft Outside Wall Plain ew Weight gain or loss due to end finishing Kg

Size Non upset External Integral Diameter Thickness t End wpe Non upset External upset Integral

T&C upset T&C Joint mm mm kg/m T & C Regular Spec. Clr. Joint

23/8 4.00 60.33 4.24 5.87 0.73

23/8 4.60 4.70 60.33 4.83 6.61 0.73 1.81 1.34

23/8 5.80 5.95 60.33 6.45 8.57 0.64 1.63 1.16

23/8 6.60 60.33 7.49 9.76

23/8 7.35 7.45 60.33 8.53 10.90

27/8 6.40 6.50 73.03 5.51 9.17 1.45 2.54 1.71

27/8 7.80 7.90 73.03 7.01 11.41 1.27 2.63 1.78

27/8 8.60 8.70 73.03 7.82 12.58 1.18 2.27 1.43

27/8 9.35 9.45 73.03 8.64 13.72

27/8 10.50 73.03 9.96 15.49

27/8 11.50 73.03 11.18 17.05

31/2 7.70 88.90 5.49 11.29 2.45

31/2 9.20 9.30 88.90 6.45 13.12 2.27 4.17 2.45

31/2 10.20 88.90 7.34 14.76 2.18

31/2 12.70 12.95 88.90 9.53 18.65 1.81 3.72 2.00

31/2 14.30 88.90 10.92 21.00

31/2 15.50 88.90 12.09 22.90

31/2 17.00 88.90 13.46 25.04

4 9.50 101.60 5.74 13.57 2.81

4 11.00 101.60 6.65 15.57 4.81

4 13.20 101.60 8.38 19.27

4 16.10 101.60 10.54 23.67

4 18.90 101.60 12.70 27.84

4 22.20 101.60 15.49 32.89

41/2 12.60 12.75 114.30 6.88 18.23 2.72 5.99

41/2 15.20 114.30 8.56 22.32

41/2 17.00 114.30 9.65 24.90

41/2 18.90 114.30 10.92 27.84

41/2 21.50 114.30 12.70 31.82

41/2 23.70 114.30 14.22 35.10

41/2 26.10 114.30 16.00 38.79

WL = Wpe x L + ew ew = weight gain or loss due to end finishing (Kg)WL = weight of pipe of length L (Kg) Wpe= weight/meter of plain end pipe (Kg/m) Weights need a correction factor of 0.989 for martensitic chromium steelsL = total length of pipe (m) ie. L80 type 9Cr and 13Cr.


109




110

Steel TubesDIN 2448

Steel TubesDIN 2448Weight in kg/ m

OD1 Nominal Wall Thickness mm

mm 1.6 1.8 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1 8 8.8 10 11

10.2 0.339 0.373 0.404 0.448 0.487

13.5 0.519 0.567 0.635 0.699 0.758 0.813 0.879

16 0.630 0.691 0.777 0.859 0.937 1.01 1.10 1.18

17.2 0.684 0.750 0.845 0.936 1.02 1.10 1.21 1.30 1.41

19 0.838 0.947 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.37 1.48 1.61 1.73

20 0.888 1.00 1.12 1.22 1.33 1.46 1.58 1.72 1.85

21.3 0.952 1.08 1.20 1.32 1.43 1.57 1.71 1.86 2.01

25 1.13 1.29 1.44 1.58 1.72 1.90 2.07 2.28 2.47 2.68 2.91

25.4 1.15 1.31 1.46 1.61 1.75 1.94 2.11 2.32 2.52 2.73 2.97

26.9 1.23 1.40 1.56 1.72 1.87 2.07 2.26 2.49 2.70 2.94 3.20 3.47

30 1.57 1.76 1.94 2.11 2.34 2.56 2.83 3.08 3.37 3.68 4.01

31.8 1.67 1.87 2.07 2.26 2.50 2.74 3.03 3.30 3.62 3.96 4.32 4.70

33.7 1.78 1.99 2.20 2.41 2.67 2.93 3.24 3.54 3.88 4.26 4.66 5.07

38 2.27 2.51 2.75 3.05 3.35 3.72 4.07 4.47 4.93 5.41 5.92 6.34

42.4 2.55 2.82 3.09 3.44 3.79 4.21 4.61 5.08 5.61 6.18 6.79 7.29 7.99

44.5 2.69 2.98 3.26 3.63 4.00 4.44 4.87 5.37 5.94 6.55 7.20 7.75 8.51 9.09

48.3 2.93 3.25 3.56 3.97 4.37 4.86 5.34 5.90 6.53 7.21 7.95 8.57 9.45 10.1

51 3.10 3.44 3.77 4.21 4.64 5.16 5.67 6.27 6.94 7.69 8.48 9.16 10.1 10.9

54 3.30 3.65 4.01 4.47 4.93 5.49 6.04 6.68 7.41 8.21 9.08 9.81 10.9 11.7

57 3.87 4.25 4.74 5.23 5.83 6.41 7.10 7.88 8.74 9.67 10.5 11.6 12.5

60.3 4.11 4.51 5.03 5.55 6.19 6.82 7.55 8.39 9.32 10.3 11.2 12.4 13.4

63.5 4.33 4.76 5.32 5.87 6.55 7.21 8.00 8.89 9.88 10.9 11.9 13.2 14.2

70 4.80 5.27 5.90 6.51 7.27 8.01 8.89 9.90 11.0 12.2 13.3 14.8 16.0

73 5.01 5.51 6.16 6.81 7.60 8.38 9.31 10.4 11.5 12.8 13.9 15.5 16.8

1 OD = Outside Diameter

For dimensional tolerances see page 380 and page 383.


111

Steel TubesDIN 2448

Weight in kg/ m


mm 12.5 14.2 16 17.5 20 22.2 25 28 30 32 36 40 45 50 55 60 65

10.2

13.5

16

17.2

19

20

21.3

25

25.4

26.9

30

31.8

33.7

38

42.4

44.5

48.3 11.0

51 11.9

54 12.8

57 13.7 15.0

60.3 14.7 16.1 17.5

63.5 15.7 17.3 18.7

70 17.7 19.5 21.3

73 18.7 20.6 22.5 24.0

1 OD = Outside Diameter in mm

Dimensions and WeightsSteel TubesDIN 2448

112

DIN 2448Weight in kg/ m


mm 1.6 1.8 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1 8 8.8 10 11

76.1 5.24 5.75 6.44 7.11 7.95 8.77 9.74 10.8 12.1 13.4 14.6 16.3 17.7

82.5 6.26 7.00 7.74 8.66 9.56 10.6 11.8 13.2 14.7 16.0 17.9 19.4

88.9 6.76 7.57 8.38 9.37 10.3 11.5 12.8 14.3 16.0 17.4 19.5 21.1

101.6 8.70 9.63 10.8 11.9 13.3 14.8 16.5 18.5 20.1 22.6 24.6

108 9.27 10.3 11.5 12.7 14.1 15.8 17.7 19.7 21.5 24.2 26.3

114.3 9.83 10.9 12.2 13.5 15.0 16.8 18.8 21.0 22.9 25.7 28.0

127 12.1 13.6 15.0 16.8 18.8 21.0 23.5 25.7 28.9 31.5

133 12.7 14.3 15.8 17.6 19.7 22.0 24.7 27.0 30.3 33.1

139.7 13.4 15.0 16.6 18.5 20.7 23.2 26.0 28.4 32.0 34.9

152.4 16.4 18.2 20.3 22.7 25.4 28.5 31.2 35.1 38.4

159 17.1 19.0 21.2 23.7 26.6 29.8 32.6 36.7 40.1

168.3 18.2 20.1 22.5 25.2 28.2 31.6 34.6 39.0 42.7

177.8 21.3 23.8 26.6 29.9 33.5 36.7 41.4 45.2

193.7 26.0 29.1 32.7 36.6 40.1 45.3 49.6

219.1 33.1 37.1 41.6 45.6 51.6 56.5

244.5 37.0 41.6 46.7 51.2 57.8 63.3

273 41.4 46.6 52.3 57.3 64.9 71.1

323.9 55.5 62.3 68.4 77.4 84.9

355.6 68.6 75.3 85.2 93.5

406.4 86.3 97.8 107

457 110 121

508 135

559

610

660


For dimensional tolerances see page 380 and page 383.


DIN 2448

113

Weight in kg/ m


mm 12.5 14.2 16 17.5 20 22.2 25 28 30 32 36 40 45 50 55 60 65

76.1 19.6 21.7 23.7 25.3 27.7

82.5 21.6 23.9 26.2 28.1 30.8 33.0

88.9 23.6 26.2 28.8 30.8 34.0 36.5 39.4

101.6 27.5 30.6 33.8 36.3 40.2 43.5 47.2 50.8

108 29.4 32.8 36.3 39.1 43.4 47.0 51.2 55.2 57.7

114.3 31.4 35.1 38.8 41.8 46.5 50.4 55.1 59.6 62.4 64.9

127 35.3 39.5 43.8 47.3 52.8 57.4 62.9 68.4 71.8 75.0 80.8

133 37.1 41.6 46.2 49.8 55.7 60.7 66.6 72.5 76.2 79.7 86.1

139.7 39.2 43.9 48.8 52.7 59.0 64.3 70.7 77.1 81.2 85.0 92.1

152.4 43.1 48.4 53.8 58.2 65.3 71.3 78.5 85.9 90.6 95.0 103 111

159 45.2 50.7 56.4 61.1 68.6 74.9 82.6 90.5 95.4 100 109 117 127

168.3 48.0 54.0 60.1 65.1 73.1 80.0 88.3 96.9 102 108 117 127 137

177.8 51.0 57.3 63.8 69.2 77.8 85.2 94.2 103 109 115 126 136 147 158

193.7 55.9 62.9 70.1 76.0 85.7 93.9 104 114 121 128 140 152 165 177 188

219.1 63.7 71.8 80.1 87.0 98.2 108 120 132 140 148 163 177 193 209 223 235

244.5 71.5 80.6 90.2 98.0 111 122 135 149 159 168 185 202 221 240 257 273 288

273 80.3 90.6 101 110 125 137 153 169 180 190 210 230 253 275 296 315 333

323.9 96.0 108 121 132 150 165 184 204 217 230 256 280 310 338 365 390 415

355.6 106 120 134 146 166 183 204 226 241 255 284 311 345 377 408 437 466

406.4 121 137 154 168 191 210 235 261 278 295 329 361 401 439 477 513 547

457 137 155 174 190 216 238 266 296 316 335 374 411 457 502 545 587 628

508 153 173 194 212 241 266 298 331 354 376 419 462 514 565 614 663 710

559 168 191 214 234 266 294 329 367 391 416 464 512 570 628 684 738 792

610 184 209 234 256 291 322 361 402 429 456 510 562 627 691 753 814 874

660 226 254 277 316 349 392 436 466 496 554 612 683 752 821 888 954

1 OD = Outside Diameter in mm


114

Steel TubesDIN 2458Weight in kg/ m


mm 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1

10.2 0.304 0.339 0.373 0.404 0.448 0.487

13.5 0.418 0.470 0.519 0.567 0.635 0.699 0.758 0.813 0.879

16 0.504 0.568 0.630 0.691 0.777 0.859 0.937 1.01 1.10

17.2 0.546 0.616 0.684 0.750 0.845 0.936 1.02 1.10 1.21 1.30

19 0.608 0.687 0.764 0.838 0.947 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.37 1.48

20 0.642 0.726 0.808 0.888 1.00 1.12 1.22 1.33 1.46 1.58

21.3 0.687 0.777 0.866 0.952 1.08 1.20 1.32 1.43 1.57 1.71 1.86

25 0.815 0.923 1.03 1.13 1.29 1.44 1.58 1.72 1.90 2.07 2.28 2.47

25.4 0.839 0.939 1.05 1.15 1.31 1.46 1.61 1.75 1.94 2.11 2.32 2.52

26.9 0.880 0.998 1.11 1.23 1.40 1.56 1.72 1.87 2.07 2.26 2.49 2.70

30 0.987 1.12 1.25 1.38 1.57 1.76 1.94 2.11 2.34 2.56 2.83 3.08 3.37 3.68

31.8 1.05 1.19 1.33 1.47 1.67 1.87 2.07 2.26 2.50 2.74 3.03 3.30 3.62 3.96 4.32

33.7 1.12 1.27 1.42 1.56 1.78 1.99 2.20 2.41 2.67 2.93 3.24 3.54 3.88 4.26 4.66

38 1.26 1.44 1.61 1.78 2.02 2.27 2.51 2.75 3.05 3.35 3.72 4.07 4.47 4.93 5.41

42.4 1.42 1.61 1.80 1.99 2.27 2.55 2.82 3.09 3.44 3.79 4.21 4.61 5.08 5.61 6.18

44.5 1.49 1.69 1.90 2.10 2.39 2.69 2.98 3.26 3.63 4.00 4.44 4.87 5.37 5.94 6.55

48.3 1.62 1.84 2.06 2.28 2.61 2.93 3.25 3.56 3.97 4.37 4.86 5.34 5.90 6.53 7.21

51 1.71 1.95 2.18 2.42 2.76 3.10 3.44 3.77 4.21 4.64 5.16 5.67 6.27 6.94 7.69

54 1.82 2.07 2.32 2.56 2.93 3.30 3.65 4.01 4.47 4.93 5.49 6.04 6.68 7.41 8.21

57 1.92 2.19 2.45 2.71 3.10 3.49 3.87 4.25 4.74 5.23 5.83 6.41 7.10 7.88 8.74

60.3 2.03 2.32 2.60 2.88 3.29 3.70 4.11 4.51 5.03 5.55 6.19 6.82 7.55 8.39 9.32

63.5 2.44 2.74 3.03 3.47 3.90 4.33 4.76 5.32 5.87 6.55 7.21 8.00 8.89 9.88

70 2.70 3.03 3.35 3.84 4.32 4.80 5.27 5.90 6.51 7.27 8.01 8.89 9.90 11.0

73 2.82 3.16 3.50 4.01 4.51 5.01 5.51 6.16 6.81 7.60 8.38 9.31 10.4 11.5

76.1 2.94 3.30 3.65 4.19 4.71 5.24 5.75 6.44 7.11 7.95 8.77 9.74 10.8 12.1

82.5 3.19 3.58 3.97 4.55 5.12 5.69 6.26 7.00 7.74 8.66 9.56 10.6 11.8 13.2

88.9 3.44 3.87 4.29 4.91 5.53 6.15 6.76 7.57 8.38 9.37 10.3 11.5 12.8 14.3

101.6 4.91 5.63 6.35 7.06 7.77 8.70 9.63 10.8 11.9 13.3 14.8 16.5

108 5.23 6.00 6.76 7.52 8.27 9.27 10.3 11.5 12.7 14.1 15.8 17.7


For dimensional tolerances see page 380.


DIN 2458

115

Weight in kg/ m


mm 8 8.8 10 11 12.5 14.2 16 17.5 20 22.2 25 28 30 32 36 40

10.2

13.5

16

17.2

19

20

21.3

25

25.4

26.9

30

31.8

33.7 5.07

38 5.92 6.34

42.4 6.79 7.29

44.5 7.20 7.75

48.3 7.95 8.57

51 8.48 9.16

54 9.08 9.81 10.9

57 9.67 10.5 11.6

60.3 10.3 11.2 12.4

63.5 10.9 11.9 13.2

70 12.2 13.3 14.8

73 12.8 13.9 15.5

76.1 13.4 14.6 16.3

82.5 14.7 16.0 17.9

88.9 16.0 17.4 19.5

101.6 18.5 20.1 22.6

108 19.7 21.5 24.2 26.3



116

DIN 2458Weight in kg/ m


mm 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1

114.3 5.54 6.35 7.16 7.97 8.77 9.83 10.9 12.2 13.5 15.0 16.8 18.8

127 6.17 7.07 7.98 8.88 9.77 11.0 12.1 13.6 15.0 16.8 18.8 21.0

133 6.46 7.41 8.36 9.30 10.2 11.5 12.7 14.3 15.8 17.6 19.7 22.0

139.7 6.79 7.79 8.79 9.78 10.8 12.1 13.4 15.0 16.6 18.5 20.7 23.2

152.4 7.42 8.51 9.61 10.7 11.8 13.2 14.6 16.4 18.2 20.3 22.7 25.4

159 7.74 8.89 10.0 11.2 12.3 13.8 15.3 17.1 19.0 21.2 23.7 26.6

168.3 11.8 13.0 14.6 16.2 18.2 20.1 22.5 25.2 28.2

177.8 12.5 13.8 15.5 17.1 19.2 21.3 23.8 26.6 29.9

193.7 13.6 15.0 16.9 18.7 21.0 23.3 26.0 29.1 32.7

219.1 17.0 19.1 21.2 23.8 26.4 29.5 33.1 37.1

244.5 19.0 21.4 23.7 26.6 29.5 33.0 37.0 41.6

273 21.3 23.9 26.5 29.8 33.0 36.9 41.4 46.6

323.9 25.3 28.4 31.6 35.4 39.3 44.0 49.3 55.5

355.6 27.8 31.3 34.7 39.0 43.2 48.3 54.3 61.0

406.4 35.8 39.7 44.6 49.5 55.4 62.2 69.9

457 40.3 44.7 50.2 55.7 62.3 70.0 78.8

508 44.8 49.5 55.9 62.0 69.4 77.9 87.7

559 61.5 68.3 76.4 85.9 96.6

610 67.2 74.6 83.5 93.8 106

660 72.7 80.8 90.4 102 114

711 78.4 87.1 97.4 109 123

762 84.1 93.3 104 117 132

813 89.7 99.6 112 125 141

864 95.4 106 119 133 150

914 101 122 125 141 159

1016 112 125 140 157 177

1220 168 189 212

1420 220 247

1620 282

1820

2020

2220




DIN 2458

117

Weight in kg/ m


mm 8 8.8 10 11 12.5 14.2 16 17.5 20 22.2 25 28 30 32 36 40

114.3 21.0 22.9 25.7 28.0

127 23.5 25.7 28.9 31.5

133 24.7 27.0 30.3 33.1

139.7 26.0 28.4 32.0 34.9

152.4 28.5 31.2 35.1 38.4

159 29.8 32.6 36.7 40.1

168.3 31.6 34.6 39.0 42.7

177.8 33.5 36.7 41.4 45.2

193.7 36.6 40.1 45.3 49.6

219.1 41.6 45.6 51.6 56.5 63.7

244.5 46.7 51.2 57.8 63.3 71.5

273 52.3 57.3 64.9 71.1 80.3

323.9 62.3 68.4 77.4 84.9 96.0

355.6 68.6 75.3 85.2 93.5 106

406.4 78.6 86.3 97.8 107 121

457 88.6 97.3 110 121 137

508 98.6 108 123 135 153 173 194

559 109 119 135 149 168 191 214 234 266

610 119 130 148 162 184 209 234 256 291 322 361 402

660 129 141 160 176 200 226 254 277 316 349 392 436 466

711 139 152 173 190 215 244 274 299 341 377 423 472 504 536

762 149 163 185 204 231 262 294 321 366 405 454 507 542 576 645

813 159 175 198 218 247 280 314 343 391 433 486 542 579 616 690 763

864 169 186 211 231 262 298 335 365 416 461 517 577 617 657 735 813

914 179 196 223 245 278 315 354 387 441 488 548 612 654 696 780 862

1016 199 219 248 273 309 351 395 431 491 544 611 682 729 777 870 963

1220 239 263 298 328 372 422 475 519 592 656 737 823 880 938 1051 1164

1420 279 306 348 382 434 492 554 605 691 765 860 961 1028 1095 1229 1361

1620 318 350 397 436 496 562 633 692 789 875 983 1099 1176 1253 1406 1559

1820 393 446 491 557 632 712 778 888 984 1107 1237 1324 1411 1584 1756

2020 496 545 619 702 791 864 986 1094 1230 1376 1472 1569 1761 1953

2220 545 599 681 772 870 951 1085 1203 1353 1514 1620 1727 1939 2150



118

Steel TubesDIN 2462 Seamless Austenitic Stainless SteelOD 1 Masses 2 (weights) per unit length in Kg/m for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 1 1.2 1.6 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4

6 0.125 0.144

8 0.176 0.204

10 0.225 0.264

10.2 0.230 0.270 0.344 0.410

12 0.275 0.416 0.500

13.5 0.313 0.369 0.477 0.576 0.645 0.769

14 0.326 0.496 0.601

16 0.376 0.455 0.577 0.701

17.2 0.406 0.625 0.761 0.858 1.12

18 0.425 0.657 0.801

19 0.451 0.535 0.697 0.851

20 0.476 0.564 0.737 0.901 1.14

21.3 0.509 0.789 0.966 1.10 1.22 1.45 1.74

22 0.526 1.00

25 0.601 0.715 0.937 1.15 1.46 1.75

25.4 0.727 0.953 1.17 1.48

26.9 0.649 1.01 1.25 1.58 1.75 1.90 2.10 2.29

30 1.14 1.40 1.79 2.14

31.8 0.920 1.21 1.49 1.90 2.29 2.78

32 0.926 1.50

33.7 0.818 0.976 1.29 1.58 1.81 2.02 2.45 2.71

35 1.02 1.65

38 1.11 1.46 1.81 2.30 2.79

40 1.17 1.54 2.44

1 OD = Outside Diameter in mm2 Based on a steel density of 7970 kg/m3



DIN 2462

119

OD 1 Masses 2 (weights) per unit length in Kg/m for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1 8 8.8 10 11 12.5 14.2

6

8

10

10.2

12

13.5

14

16

17.2

18

19

20

21.3

22

25

25.4

26.9

30

31.8

32

33.7 3.29

35

38

40



120

DIN 2462 Seamless Austenitic Stainless SteelOD 1 Masses 2 (weights) per unit length in Kg/m for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 1 1.2 1.6 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4

42.4 1.63 2.02 2.59 2.86 3.14 3.49

44.5 2.13 2.73 3.02

48.3 1.87 2.31 2.65 2.97 3.61 4.03

51 1.25 1.49 1.98 2.46 3.15 3.83

54 2.10 2.60 3.35

57 2.22 2.75 3.93

60.3 2.35 2.92 3.34 3.76 4.17 4.58 5.11 5.63

63.5 2.48 3.08 3.96 4.83

70 2.74 3.40 4.87

76.1 2.98 3.70 4.25 4.78 5.32 6.54 7.22

82.5 4.03 6.35

88.9 3.49 4.35 4.98 5.61 6.24 6.86 7.68 8.51

101.6 4.98 7.17 9.77

114.3 7.27 8.09 9.98

139.7 13.6

168.3

219.1

273

323.9

355.6

406.4




DIN 2462

121

OD 1 Masses 2 (weights) per unit length in Kg/m for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1 8 8.8 10 11 12.5 14.2

42.4 4.27 4.68 5.16

44.5

48.3 5.42 6.63

51

54

57

60.3 6.28 7.66 8.52 10.5

63.5

70

76.1 8.90 12.3 13.6 16.5

82.5

88.9 11.7 13.0 16.2 17.7 21.4

101.6 13.5 18.8

114.3 12.4 17.1 19.1 23.2 28.4

139.7 16.8 18.8 21.0 23.5 32.5

168.3 28.6 35.1 43.3

219.1 42.2 46.3 64.7

273 58.2 65.9 81.5 92.0

323.9 78.6 97.4

355.6 94.9 108

406.4



122

DIN 2462 Seamless Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless SteelsOutside diameter Masses1 (weights) per unit length in Kg/m for wall thicknesses of (mm)

mm 1 1.2 1.6 2 2.3 2.6

6 0.121 0.140

8 0.170 0.198

10 0.219 0.256

10.2 0.224 0.262 0.334 0.398

12 0.267 0.404 0.486

13.5 0.303 0.359 0.463 0.558 0.625

14 0.316 0.482 0.583

16 0.364 0.431 0.559 0.681

17.2 0.394 0.607 0.739 0.832

18 0.413 0.637 0.777

19 0.437 0.519 0.677 0.825

20 0.462 0.548 0.715 0.875 1.10

21.3 0.493 0.765 0.938 1.18

22 0.510 0.971

25 0.583 0.693 0.909 1.11 1.42

25.4 0.705 0.925 1.13 1.44

26.9 0.629 0.938 1.21 1.54

30 1.10 1.36 1.73

31.8 0.892 1.17 1.45 1.84

32 0.897 1.46

33.7 0.794 0.948 1.25 1.54 1.75 1.96

35 0.985 1.61

38 1.07 1.42 1.75 2.24

40 1.13 1.50 2.36

42.4 1.59 1.96 2.51

44.5 2.07 2.65

48.3 1.81 2.25 2.89

51 1.21 1.45 1.92 2.38 3.05

54 2.04 2.52 3.25

57 2.16 2.67

60.3 2.29 2.84 3.24 3.64

63.5 2.40 2.98 3.84

70 2.66 3.30

76.1 2.90 3.60 4.13 4.64

82.5 3.91

88.9 3.39 4.23 4.84 5.45

101.6 4.84

1 Based on a steel density of 7730 kg/m3



DIN 2462

123

Outside diameter Masses1 (weights) per unit length in Kg/m for wall thicknesses of (mm)

mm 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.5 5

6

8

10

10.2

12

13.5 0.747

14

16

17.2 1.08

18

19

20

21.3 1.41 1.68

22

25 1.69

25.4

26.9 1.69 1.84 2.23

30 2.08

31.8 2.23 2.70

32

33.7 2.37 3.19

35

38 2.71

40

42.4 3.04 3.39 4.54

44.5 2.94

48.3 3.51 3.91 5.26

51 3.71

54

57 3.81

60.3 4.05 4.44 4.95 5.47

63.5 4.69

70 4.73

76.1 5.16 6.34 7.00 8.64

82.5 6.17

88.9 6.06 6.66 7.46 8.25

101.6 6.95 9.49

1 Based on a steel density of 7730 kg/m3


124

Steel TubesDIN 2463 Welded Austenitic Stainless SteelOD1 Masses2 (weights) per unit length in kg/m for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 1 1.2 1.6 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1 8 8.8

6 0.125

8 0.176

10 0.225 0.264

10.2 0.230 0.270

12 0.275

13.5 0.313 0.369

14 0.326

16 0.376 0.445

17.2 0.406

18 0.425 0.657 0.801

19 0.451 0.535 0.697 0.851

20 0.476 0.564 0.737 0.901

21.3 0.509 0.789 0.966

22 0.526 1.00

25 0.601 0.715 0.937 1.15 1.46

25.4 0.727 0.953 1.17 1.48

26.9 0.649 1.01 1.25 1.58

30 1.14 1.40 1.79

31.8 0.920 1.21 1.49 1.90

32 0.925 1.50

33.7 0.818 0.976 1.29 1.58 1.81 2.02 2.23 2.45

35 1.02 1.65

38 1.11 1.46 1.81 2.30 2.79

40 1.17 1.54 2.44

42.4 1.63 2.02 2.59 3.14 3.49

1 OD = Outside diameter in mm2 Based on a steel density of 7970 kg/m3



DIN 2463

125

DIN 2463 Welded Austenitic Stainless SteelOD1 Masses2 (weights) per unit length in kg/m for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 1 1.2 1.6 2 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.5 5 5.6 6.3 7.1 8 8.8

44.5 2.13 2.73 3.02

48.3 1.87 2.31 2.65 2.97 3.61 4.03

51 1.25 1.49 1.98 2.46 3.15 3.83

54 2.10 2.60 3.35

57 2.22 2.75 3.93

60.3 2.35 2.92 3.34 3.76 4.17 4.58 5.11

63.5 2.48 3.08 3.96 4.83

70 2.74 3.40 4.87

76.1 2.98 3.70 4.25 4.78 5.32 6.54 7.22

82.5 4.03 6.35

88.9 3.49 4.35 4.98 5.61 6.24 6.86 7.68 8.51

101.6 4.98 7.17 9.77

114.3 4.52 5.62 7.27 8.09 8.90 9.98 12.4 13.7

139.7 5.53 6.89 8.92 11.0 13.6 16.8 21.0 23.5

168.3 6.68 8.32 10.8 13.2 14.8 16.4 18.5 20.4 22.8 28.6

219.1 10.9 14.1 15.7 17.3 19.4 21.5 33.6 42.2

273 13.6 17.6 19.6 21.6 24.3 26.9 30.2 33.5 42.0

323.9 16.1 20.9 23.3 25.7 32.1 35.9 39.9 44.7 56.3

355.6 17.7 22.9 25.6 28.2 35.2 43.8 55.1 69.6 76.4

406.4 20.2 26.3 29.3 32.3 40.3 50.2 79.8 87.6

457 22.7 36.3 45.4 56.5 71.0

508 25.4 40.4 45.5 50.4 62.9 70.4 79.1

610 48.6 60.7 68.2 75.7 84.8 95.2 121

711 51.4 63.7 70.7 79.6 88.4 125 141

813 73.0 81.0 101 114 161

914 82.0 91.1 114 143 199

1016 91.2 101

1 OD = Outside diameter in mm2 Based on a steel density of 7970 kg/m3


Dimensions and WeightsSteel TubesEN 10 208

126

Steel TubesEN 10 208OD1 Masses (weights) per unit length for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.3 7.1 8.0 8.8 10.0

33.7 1.78 1.99 2.20 2.41 2.67 2.93 3.24 3.54 3.88 4.26 4.66 5.07 5.40 5.84

42.4 2.27 2.55 2.82 3.09 3.44 3.79 4.21 4.61 5.08 5.61 6.18 6.79 7.29 7.99

48.3 2.61 2.93 3.25 3.56 3.97 4.37 4.86 5.34 5.90 6.53 7.21 7.95 8.57 9.45

60.3 3.29 3.70 4.11 4.51 5.03 5.55 6.19 6.82 7.55 8.39 9.32 10.32 11.18 12.40

88.9 4.91 5.53 6.15 6.76 7.57 8.38 9.37 10.35 11.50 12.83 14.32 15.96 17.38 19.46

114.3 6.35 7.16 7.97 8.77 9.83 10.88 12.19 13.48 15.01 16.78 18.77 20.97 22.90 25.72

168.3 11.83 13.03 14.62 16.21 18.18 20.14 22.47 25.17 28.23 31.63 34.61 39.04

219.1 17.04 19.13 21.22 23.82 26.40 29.49 33.06 37.12 41.65 45.64 51.57

273 23.92 26.54 29.80 33.05 36.93 41.44 46.56 52.28 57.34 64.86

323.9 31.56 35.45 39.32 43.96 49.34 55.47 62.32 68.38 77.41

355.6 38.96 43.23 48.34 54.27 61.02 68.58 75.26 85.23

406.4 44.60 49.50 55.35 62.16 69.92 78.60 86.29 97.76

457 55.73 62.34 70.02 78.78 88.58 97.27 110.24

508 69.38 77.95 87.71 98.65 108.34 122.81

559 76.43 85.87 96.64 108.71 119.41 135.39

610 83.47 93.80 105.57 118.77 130.47 147.97

660 101.56 114.32 128.63 141.32 160.30

711 109.49 123.25 138.70 152.39 172.88

762 117.41 132.18 148.76 163.46 185.45

813 125.33 141.11 158.82 174.53 198.03

864 133.26 150.04 168.88 185.60 210.61

914 141.03 158.80 178.75 196.45 222.94

1016 198.87 218.58 248.09

1067 208.93 229.65 260.67

1118 240.72 273.25

1168 251.57 285.58

1219 262.64 298.16

1321 284.78 323.31

1422 306.69 348.22

1524 328.83 373.38

1626 350.97 398.53

1 OD = Outside diameter in mmBased on a steel density of 7.85 kg/dm3

M = (D – t) x t x 0.0246615 kg/m


EN 10 208

127

OD1 Masses (weights) per unit length for wall thickness of (mm)

mm 11.0 12.5 14.2 16.0 17.5 20.0 22.2 25.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 36.0 40.0

33.7

42.4

48.3 10.12 11.04

60.3 13.37 14.74 16.14

88.9 21.13 23.55 26.16 28.77 30.81 33.98

114.3 28.02 31.38 35.05 38.79 41.78 46.51

168.3 42.67 48.03 53.96 60.10 65.08 73.15 79.99 88.35 96.88 102.32 107.56 117.46 126.56

219.1 56.45 63.69 71.75 80.14 87.01 98.20 107.80 119.67 131.96 139.90 147.65 162.56 176.67

273 71.07 80.30 90.63 101.41 110.27 124.79 137.31 152.90 169.18 179.78 190.19 210.41 229.85

323.9 84.88 95.99 108.45 121.49 132.23 149.89 165.18 184.28 204.33 217.44 230.36 255.60 280.06

355.6 93.48 105.77 119.56 134.00 145.92 165.53 182.53 203.83 226.22 240.89 255.37 283.75 311.33

406.4 107.26 121.43 137.35 154.05 167.84 190.58 210.34 235.15 261.29 278.48 295.46 328.85 361.44

457 120.99 137.03 155.07 174.01 189.68 215.54 238.05 266.34 296.23 315.91 335.40 373.77 411.35

508 134.82 152.75 172.93 194.14 211.69 240.70 265.97 297.79 331.45 353.65 375.64 419.05 461.66

559 148.66 168.47 190.79 214.26 233.70 265.85 293.89 329.23 366.67 391.38 415.89 464.33 511.97

610 162.49 184.19 208.65 234.38 255.71 291.01 321.81 360.67 401.88 429.11 456.14 509.61 562.28

660 176.06 199.60 226.15 254.11 277.29 315.67 349.19 391.50 436.41 466.10 495.60 554.00 611.61

711 189.89 215.33 244.01 274.24 299.30 340.82 377.11 422.94 471.63 503.83 535.85 599.27

762 203.73 231.05 261.87 294.36 321.31 365.98 405.03 454.39 506.84 541.57 576.09 644.55

813 217.56 246.77 279.73 314.48 343.32 391.13 432.95 485.83 542.06 579.30 616.34 689.83

864 231.40 262.49 297.59 334.61 365.33 416.29 460.87 517.27 577.28 617.03 656.59 735.11

914 244.96 277.90 315.10 354.34 386.91 440.95 488.25 548.10 611.80 654.02 696.05 779.50

1016 272.63 309.35 350.82 394.58 430.93 491.26 544.09 610.99 682.24 729.49 777.54 870.06

1067 286.47 325.07 368.68 414.71 452.94 516.41 572.01 642.43 717.45 767.22 816.79 915.34

1118 300.30 340.79 386.54 434.83 474.95 541.57 599.93 673.88 752.67 804.95 857.04 960.61

1168 313.87 356.20 404.05 454.56 496.53 566.23 627.31 704.70 787.20 841.94 896.49 1005.0

1219 327.70 371.93 421.91 474.68 518.54 591.38 655.23 736.15 822.41 879.68 936.74 1050.3

1321 355.37 403.37 457.63 514.93 562.56 641.69 711.07 799.03 892.84 955.14 1017.2 1140.8

1422 382.77 434.50 493.00 554.79 606.15 691.51 766.37 861.30 962.59 1029.9 1096.9 1230.5

1524 410.44 465.95 528.72 595.03 650.17 741.82 822.21 924.19 1033.0 1105.3 1177.4 1321.1

1626 438.11 497.39 564.44 635.28 694.19 792.13 878.06 987.08 1103.5 1180.8 1257.9 1411.6

1 OD = Outside diameter in mmBased on a steel density of 7.85 kg/dm3

M = (D – t) x t x 0.0246615 kg/m

Dimensions and WeightsSteel TubesEN 10 208

128

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Dimensions and WeightsBeams & Sections Index

131


• Beams and SectionsTräger und FormstahlProfilés et aciers marchandsMateriale strutturale e loro sezioniVigas y Perfiles

HEA .................................................................................... 132HEB .................................................................................... 133HEM .................................................................................... 134IPE ...................................................................................... 135IPN ...................................................................................... 136UPN .................................................................................... 137Universal Beams .................................................................. 138Universal Columns .............................................................. 141Universal Bearing Piles ........................................................ 142Joists .................................................................................. 143Channels ............................................................................ 144Equal and Unequal Angles .................................................. 145American W-Shapes ............................................................ 147Hollow Sections .................................................................. 156

Dimensions and WeightsBeams & Sections

132

Steel BeamsHEA · EN 53 and DIN 1025

Section Height D Width B Thickness t Flange Corner Weight

Designation Thickness T Radius r

mm mm mm mm mm kg/m

HE 100 A 96 100 5 8 12 16.7

HE 120 A 114 120 5 8 12 19.9

HE 140 A 133 140 5.5 8.5 12 24.7

HE 160 A 152 160 6 9 15 30.4

HE 180 A 171 180 6 9.5 15 35.5

HE 200 A 190 200 6.5 10 18 42.3

HE 220 A 210 220 7 11 18 50.5

HE 240 A 230 240 7.5 12 21 60.3

HE 260 A 250 260 7.5 12.5 24 68.2

HE 280 A 270 280 8 13 24 76.4

HE 300 A 290 300 8.5 14 27 88.3

HE 320 A 310 300 9 15.5 27 97.6

HE 340 A 330 300 9.5 16.5 27 105

HE 360 A 350 300 10 17.5 27 112

HE 400 A 390 300 11 19 27 125

HE 450 A 440 300 11.5 21 27 140

HE 500 A 490 300 12 23 27 155

HE 550 A 540 300 12.5 24 27 166

HE 600 A 590 300 13 25 27 178

HE 650 A 640 300 13.5 26 27 190

HE 700 A 690 300 14.5 27 27 204

HE 800 A 790 300 15 28 30 224

HE 900 A 890 300 16 30 30 252

HE 1000 A 990 300 16.5 31 30 272

t

r

T

D

B


133

Steel BeamsHEB · EN 53 and DIN 1025



mm mm mm mm mm kg/m

HE 100 B 100 100 6 10 12 20.4

HE 120 B 120 120 6.5 11 12 26.7

HE 140 B 140 140 7 12 12 33.7

HE 160 B 160 160 8 13 15 42.6

HE 180 B 180 180 8.5 14 15 51.2

HE 200 B 200 200 9 15 18 61.3

HE 220 B 220 220 9.5 16 18 71.5

HE 240 B 240 240 10 17 21 83.2

HE 260 B 260 260 10 17.5 24 93.0

HE 280 B 280 280 10.5 18 24 103

HE 300 B 300 300 11 19 27 117

HE 320 B 320 300 11.5 20.5 27 127

HE 340 B 340 300 12 21.5 27 134

HE 360 B 360 300 12.5 22.5 27 142

HE 400 B 400 300 13.5 24 27 155

HE 450 B 450 300 14 26 27 171

HE 500 B 500 300 14.5 28 27 187

HE 550 B 550 300 15 29 27 199

HE 600 B 600 300 15.5 30 27 212

HE 650 B 650 300 16 31 27 225

HE 700 B 700 300 17 32 27 241

HE 800 B 800 300 17.5 33 30 262

HE 900 B 900 300 18.5 35 30 291

HE 1000 B 1000 300 19 36 30 314

t

r

T

D

B


134

Steel BeamsHEM · EN 53 · DIN 1025



mm mm mm mm mm kg/m

HE 100 M 120 106 12 20 12 41.8

HE 120 M 140 126 12.5 21 12 52.1

HE 140 M 160 146 13 22 12 63.2

HE 160 M 180 166 14 23 15 76.2

HE 180 M 200 186 14.5 24 15 88.9

HE 200 M 220 206 15 25 18 103

HE 220 M 240 226 15.5 26 18 117

HE 240 M 270 248 18 32 21 157

HE 260 M 290 268 18 32.5 24 172

HE 280 M 310 288 18.5 33 24 189

HE 300 M 340 310 21 39 27 238

HE 320 M 359 309 21 40 27 245

HE 340 M 377 309 21 40 27 248

HE 360 M 395 308 21 40 27 250

HE 400 M 432 307 21 40 27 256

HE 450 M 478 307 21 40 27 263

HE 500 M 524 306 21 40 27 270

HE 550 M 572 306 21 40 27 278

HE 600 M 620 305 21 40 27 285

HE 650 M 668 305 21 40 27 293

HE 700 M 716 304 21 40 27 301

HE 800 M 814 303 21 40 30 317

HE 900 M 910 302 21 40 30 333

HE 1000 M 1008 302 21 40 30 349

t

r

T

D

B

Steel BeamsIPE · EN 19



mm mm mm mm mm kg/m

IPE 80 80 46 3.8 5.2 5 6.0

IPE 100 100 55 4.1 5.7 7 8.1

IPE 120 120 64 4.4 6.3 7 10.1

IPE 140 140 73 4.7 6.9 7 12.9

IPE 160 160 82 5.0 7.4 9 15.8

IPE 180 180 91 5.3 8.0 9 18.8

IPE 200 200 100 5.6 8.5 12 22.4

IPE 220 220 110 5.9 9.2 12 26.2

IPE 240 240 120 6.2 9.8 15 30.7

IPE 270 270 135 6.6 10.2 15 36.1

IPE 300 300 150 7.1 10.7 15 42.2

IPE 330 330 160 7.5 11.5 18 49.1

IPE 360 360 170 8.0 12.7 18 57.1

IPE 400 400 180 8.6 13.5 21 66.3

IPE 450 450 190 9.4 14.6 21 77.6

IPE 500 500 200 10.2 16.0 21 90.7

IPE 550 550 210 11.1 17.2 24 106

IPE 600 600 220 12.0 19.0 24 122

IPE 750 x 137 753 263 11.5 17 27 137

The following sizes although not specified are available

IPE 750 x 147 753 265 13.2 17 17 147

IPE 750 x 160 761 264 12 21 27 160

IPE 750 x 173 762 267 14.4 21.6 17 173

IPE 750 x 196 770 268 15.6 25.4 17 196


135

rT

t

B

D


136

Steel BeamsIPN · Narrow Flange I-Beams · DIN 1025

Section Height D Width B Thickness t Flange Corner Corner Weight

Designation Thickness T Radius r1 Radius r2

mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kg/m

80 80 42 3.9 5.9 3.9 2.3 5.94

100 100 50 4.5 6.8 4.5 2.7 8.34

120 120 58 5.1 7.7 5.1 3.1 11.1

140 140 66 5.7 8.6 5.7 3.4 14.3

160 160 74 6.3 9.5 6.3 3.8 17.9

180 180 82 6.9 10.4 6.9 4.1 21.9

200 200 90 7.5 11.3 7.5 4.5 26.2

220 220 98 8.1 12.2 8.1 4.9 31.1

240 240 106 8.7 13.1 8.7 5.2 36.2

260 260 113 9.4 14.1 9.4 5.6 41.9

280 280 119 10.1 15.2 10.1 6.1 47.9

300 300 125 10.8 16.2 10.8 6.5 54.2

320 320 131 11.5 17.3 11.5 6.9 61.0

340 340 137 12.2 18.3 12.2 7.3 68.0

360 360 143 13.0 19.5 13.0 7.8 76.1

380 380 149 13.7 20.5 13.7 8.2 84.0

400 400 155 14.4 21.6 14.4 8.6 92.4

425 425 163 15.3 23.0 15.3 9.2 104

450 450 170 16.2 24.3 16.2 9.7 115

475 475 178 17.1 25.6 17.1 10.3 128

500 500 185 18.0 27.0 18.0 10.8 141

550 550 200 19.0 30.0 19.0 11.9 166

600 600 215 21.6 32.4 21.6 13.0 199

r1Tt

r2

B/4

B

D


137

Steel BeamsU Channel · DIN 1026

Section Height D Width B Thickness t Flange Corner Corner Weight

Designation Thickness T Radius r1 Radius r2

mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kg/m

30 x 15 30 15 4 4.5 4.5 2 1.74

30 30 33 5 7 7 3.5 4.27

40 x 20 40 20 5 5.5 5 2.5 2.87

40 40 35 5 7 7 3.5 4.87

50 x 25 50 25 5 6 6 3 3.86

50 50 38 5 7 7 3.5 5.59

60 60 40 6 6 6 3 5.07

65 65 42 5.5 7.5 7.5 4 7.09

80 80 45 6 8 8 4 8.64

100 100 50 6 8.5 8.5 4.5 10.6

120 120 55 7 9 9 4.5 13.4

140 140 60 7 10 10 5 16.0

160 160 65 7.5 10.5 10.5 5.5 18.8

180 180 70 8 11 11 5.5 22.0

200 200 75 8.5 11.5 11.5 6 25.3

220 220 80 9 12.5 12.5 6.5 29.4

240 240 85 9.5 13 13 6.5 33.2

260 260 90 10 14 14 7 37.9

280 280 95 10 15 15 7.5 41.8

300 300 100 10 16 16 8 46.2

320 320 100 14 17.5 17.5 8.75 59.5

350 350 100 14 16 16 8 60.6

380 380 102 13.5 16 16 8 63.1

400 400 110 14 18 18 9 71.8

T

t

r2r 1

B/4

B

Equal

D


138

Designation D B t T r

Serial Size Mass per metre

mm kg/m mm mm mm mm mm

914 x 419 388 950.5 420.5 21.5 36.6 24.1

343 911.4 418.5 19.4 32.0 24.1

914 x 305 289 926.6 307.8 19.6 32.0 19.1

253 918.5 305.5 17.3 27.9 19.1

224 910.3 304.1 15.9 23.9 19.1

201 903.0 303.4 15.2 20.2 19.1

830 x 292 226 850.9 293.8 16.1 26.8 17.8

194 840.7 292.4 14.7 21.7 17.8

176 834.9 291.6 14.0 18.8 17.8

762 x 267 197 769.6 268.0 15.6 25.4 16.5

173 762.0 266.7 14.3 21.6 16.5

147 753.9 265.3 12.9 17.5 16.5

686 x 254 170 692.9 255.8 14.5 23.7 15.2

152 687.6 254.5 13.2 21.0 15.2

140 683.5 253.7 12.4 19.0 15.2

125 677.9 253.0 11.7 16.2 15.2

610 x 305 238 633.0 311.5 18.6 31.4 16.5

179 617.5 307.0 14.1 23.6 16.5

149 609.6 304.8 11.9 19.7 16.5

610 x 229 140 617.0 230.1 13.1 22.1 12.7

125 611.9 229.0 11.9 19.6 12.7

113 607.3 228.2 11.2 17.3 12.7

101 602.2 227.6 10.6 14.8 12.7

533 x 210 122 544.6 211.9 12.8 21.3 12.7

109 539.5 210.7 11.6 18.8 12.7

101 536.7 210.1 10.9 17.4 12.7

92 533.1 209.3 10.2 15.6 12.7

82 528.3 208.7 9.6 13.2 12.7

Steel BeamsUniversal Beams · BS 4 pt 1

rT

t

B

D

Universal Beams · BS 4 pt 1




457 x 191 98 467.4 192.8 11.4 19.6 10.2

89 463.6 192.0 10.6 17.7 10.2

82 460.2 191.3 9.9 16.0 10.2

74 457.2 190.5 9.1 14.5 10.2

67 453.6 189.9 8.5 12.7 10.2

457 x 152 82 465.1 153.5 10.7 18.9 10.2

74 461.3 152.7 9.9 17.0 10.2

67 457.2 151.9 9.1 15.0 10.2

60 454.7 152.9 8.0 13.3 10.2

52 449.8 152.4 7.6 10.9 10.2

406 x 178 74 412.8 179.7 9.7 16.0 10.2

67 409.4 178.8 8.8 14.3 10.2

60 406.4 177.8 7.8 12.8 10.2

54 402.6 177.6 7.6 10.9 10.2

406 x 140 46 402.3 142.4 6.9 11.2 10.2

39 397.3 141.8 6.3 8.6 10.2

356 x 171 67 364.0 173.2 9.1 15.7 10.2

57 358.6 172.1 8.0 13.0 10.2

51 355.6 171.5 7.3 11.5 10.2

45 352.0 171.0 6.9 9.7 10.2

356 x 127 39 352.8 126.0 6.5 10.7 10.2

33 348.5 125.4 5.9 8.5 10.2

305 x 165 54 310.9 166.8 7.7 13.7 8.9

46 307.1 165.7 6.7 11.8 8.9

40 303.8 165.1 6.1 10.2 8.9

305 x 127 48 310.4 125.2 8.9 14.0 8.9

42 306.6 124.3 8.0 12.1 8.9

37 303.8 123.5 7.2 10.7 8.9

rT

t

B

D


139


140

Universal Beams · BS 4 pt 1




305 x 102 33 312.7 102.4 6.6 10.8 7.6

28 308.9 101.9 6.1 8.9 7.6

25 304.8 101.6 5.8 6.8 7.6

254 x 146 43 259.6 147.3 7.3 12.7 7.6

37 256.0 146.4 6.4 10.9 7.6

31 251.5 146.1 6.1 8.6 7.6

254 x 102 28 260.4 102.1 6.4 10.0 7.6

25 257.0 101.9 6.1 8.4 7.6

22 254.0 101.6 5.8 6.8 7.6

203 x 133 30 206.8 133.8 6.3 9.6 7.6

25 203.2 133.4 5.8 7.8 7.6

203 x 102 23 203.2 101.6 5.2 9.3 7.6

178 x 102 19 177.8 101.6 4.7 7.9 7.6

152 x 89 16 152.4 88.9 4.6 7.7 7.6

127 x 76 13 127.0 76.2 4.2 7.6 7.6

rT

t

B

D

Steel BeamsUniversal Columns · BS 4 pt 1




356 x 406 634 474.7 424.1 47.6 77.0 15.2

551 455.7 418.5 42.0 67.5 15.2

467 436.6 412.4 35.9 58.0 15.2

393 419.1 407.0 30.6 49.2 15.2

340 406.4 403.0 26.5 42.9 15.2

287 393.7 399.0 22.6 36.5 15.2

235 381.0 395.0 18.5 30.2 15.2

356 x 368 202 374.7 374.4 16.8 27.0 15.2

177 368.3 372.1 14.5 23.8 15.2

153 362.0 370.2 12.6 20.7 15.2

129 355.6 368.3 10.7 17.5 15.2

305 x 305 283 365.3 321.8 26.9 44.1 15.2

240 352.6 317.9 23.0 37.7 15.2

198 339.9 314.1 19.2 31.4 15.2

158 327.2 310.6 15.7 25.0 15.2

137 320.5 308.7 13.8 21.7 15.2

118 314.5 306.8 11.9 18.7 15.2

97 307.8 304.8 9.9 15.4 15.2

254 x 254 167 289.1 264.5 19.2 31.7 12.7

132 276.4 261.0 15.6 25.3 12.7

107 266.7 258.3 13.0 20.5 12.7

89 260.4 255.9 10.5 17.3 12.7

73 254.0 254.0 8.6 14.2 12.7

203 x 203 86 222.3 208.8 13.0 20.5 10.2

71 215.9 206.2 10.3 17.3 10.2

60 209.6 205.2 9.3 14.2 10.2

52 206.2 203.9 8.0 12.5 10.2

46 203.2 203.2 7.3 11.0 10.2

152 x 152 37 161.8 154.4 8.1 11.5 7.6

30 157.5 152.9 6.6 9.4 7.6

23 152.4 152.4 6.1 6.8 7.6

t

r

T

D

B


141


142

Steel BeamsUniversal Bearing Piles · BS 4 pt 1




356 x 368 174 361.5 378.1 20.4 20.4 15.2

152 356.4 375.5 17.9 17.9 15.2

133 351.9 373.3 15.6 15.6 15.2

109 346.4 370.5 12.9 12.9 15.2

305 x 305 223 338.0 325.4 30.5 30.5 15.2

186 328.3 320.5 25.6 25.6 15.2

149 318.5 315.6 20.7 20.7 15.2

126 312.6 312.7 17.8 17.8 15.2

110 307.9 310.3 15.4 15.4 15.2

95 303.8 308.3 13.4 13.4 15.2

88 301.7 307.2 12.3 12.3 15.2

79 299.2 306.0 11.1 11.1 15.2

254 x 254 85 254.3 259.7 14.3 14.3 12.7

71 249.9 257.5 12.1 12.1 12.7

63 246.9 256.0 10.6 10.6 12.7

203 x 203 54 203.9 207.2 11.3 11.3 10.2

45 200.2 205.4 9.5 9.5 10.2

t

r

T

D

B

Steel BeamsJoists · BS 4 pt 1

Designation D B t T r1 r2


mm kg/m mm mm mm mm mm mm

254 x 203 81.85 254.0 203.2 10.2 19.9 19.6 9.7

254 x 114 37.20 254.0 114.3 7.6 12.8 12.4 6.1

203 x 152 52.09 203.2 152.4 8.9 16.5 15.5 7.6

152 x 127 37.20 152.4 127.0 10.4 13.2 13.5 6.6

127 x 114 29.76 127.0 114.3 10.2 11.5 12.4 4.8

127 x 114 26.79 127.0 114.3 7.4 11.4 9.9 5.0

114 x 114 26.79 114.3 114.3 9.5 10.7 14.2 3.2

102 x 102 23.07 101.6 101.6 9.5 10.3 11.1 3.2

89 x 89 19.35 88.9 88.9 9.5 9.9 11.1 3.2

76 x 76 12.65 76.2 76.2 5.1 8.4 9.4 4.6

r 1

T

t

r2

B

D

Equal


143


144

Steel BeamsChannels · BS 4 pt 1

Designation D B t T r1 r2


mm kg/m mm mm mm mm mm mm

432 x 102 65.54 431.8 101.6 12.2 16.8 15.2 4.8

381 x 102 55.10 381.0 101.6 10.4 16.3 15.2 4.8

305 x 102 46.18 304.8 101.6 10.2 14.8 15.2 4.8

305 x 89 41.69 304.8 88.9 10.2 13.7 13.7 3.2

254 x 89 35.74 254.0 88.9 9.1 13.6 13.7 3.2

254 x 76 28.29 254.0 76.2 8.1 10.9 12.2 3.2

229 x 89 32.76 228.6 88.9 8.6 13.3 13.7 3.2

229 x 76 26.06 228.6 76.2 7.6 11.2 12.2 3.2

203 x 89 29.78 203.2 88.9 8.1 12.9 13.7 3.2

203 x 76 23.82 203.2 76.2 7.1 11.2 12.2 3.2

178 x 89 26.81 177.8 88.9 7.6 12.3 13.7 3.2

178 x 76 20.84 177.8 76.2 6.6 10.3 12.2 3.2

152 x 89 23.84 152.4 88.9 7.1 11.6 13.7 3.2

152 x 76 17.88 152.4 76.2 6.4 9.0 12.2 2.4

127 x 64 14.90 127.0 63.5 6.4 9.2 10.7 2.4

T

t

r2r 1

B

Equal

95°

D

Steel BeamsEqual Angles · EN 10056-1

Not all sizes in EN 10056-1 are listed here.

Designation Mass per metre r1 r2

Size A Thickness t

mm mm kg/m mm mm

250 x 250 35 128.0 18 9.0

28 104.0 18 9.0

25 93.6 18 9.0

23 86.4 18 9.0

20 75.6 18 9.0

200 x 200 26 76.6 18 9.0

24 71.1 18 9.0

20 59.9 18 9.0

18 54.2 18 9.0

16 48.5 18 9.0

180 x 180 20 53.7 18 9.0

16 43.5 18 9.0

13 35.7 18 9.0

150 x 150 18 40.1 16 8.0

15 33.8 16 8.0

12 27.3 16 8.0

10 23.0 16 8.0

130 x 130 12 23.5 14 7.0

120 x 120 15 26.6 13 6.5

12 21.6 13 6.5

10 18.2 13 6.5

8 14.7 13 6.5

100 x 100 15 21.9 12 6.0

12 17.8 12 6.0

8 12.2 12 6.0

90 x 90 12 15.9 11 5.5

10 13.4 11 5.5

8 10.9 11 5.5

7 9.6 11 5.5

80 x 80 10 11.9 10 5.0

8 9.6 10 5.0

t

r2

r 1

t

90°

A

A


145


146

Steel BeamsUnequal Angles · EN 10056-1

Not all sizes in EN 10056-1 are listed here.

Designation Mass per metre r1 r2

Size A x B Thickness t

mm mm kg/m mm mm

200 x 150 18 47.1 15 7.5

15 39.6 15 7.5

12 32.0 15 7.5

200 x 100 15 33.7 15 7.5

14 31.6 15 7.5

12 27.3 15 7.5

10 23.0 15 7.5

150 x 100 14 26.1 12 6.0

12 22.5 12 6.0

10 19.0 12 6.0

150 x 90 15 26.6 12 6.0

12 21.6 12 6.0

11 19.9 12 6.0

10 18.2 12 6.0

150 x 75 15 24.8 11 6.0

12 20.2 11 6.0

11 18.6 12 6.0

10 17.0 12 6.0

9 15.4 12 6.0

125 x 75 12 17.8 11 5.5

10 15.0 11 5.5

8 12.2 11 5.5

120 x 80 12 17.8 11 5.5

10 15.0 11 5.5

8 12.2 11 5.5

100 x 75 12 15.4 10 5.0

10 13.0 10 5.0

8 10.6 10 5.0

100 x 65 10 12.3 10 5.0

8 9.9 10 5.0

7 8.8 10 5.0

t

t

r1

B

A

90°

r2

Steel BeamsAmerican W-Shapes · ASTM A6

Note: Metric and imperial sizes are not exact equivalents.

Designation Depth Flange Web

Serial Size Weight per Foot Serial Size Weight per Meter D B T t

in lb/ft mm kg/m mm mm mm mm

W44 335 W1100 499 1118 405 45.0 26.0

290 433 1108 402 40.0 22.0

262 390 1100 400 36.0 20.0

230 343 1090 400 31.0 18.0

W40 593 W1000 883 1092 424 82.0 45.5

503 748 1068 417 70.0 39.0

431 642 1048 412 60.0 34.0

397 591 1040 409 55.9 31.0

372 554 1032 408 52.0 29.5

362 539 1030 407 51.1 28.4

324 483 1020 404 46.0 25.4

297 443 1012 402 41.9 23.6

277 412 1008 402 40.0 21.1

249 371 1000 400 36.1 19.0

215 321 990 400 31.0 16.5

199 296 982 400 27.1 16.5

W40 392 W1000 584 1056 314 64.0 36.0

331 494 1036 309 54.0 31.0

327 486 1036 308 54.1 30.0

294 438 1026 305 49.0 26.9

278 415 1020 304 46.0 26.0

264 393 1016 303 43.9 24.4

235 350 1008 302 40.0 21.1

211 314 1000 300 35.9 19.1

183 272 990 300 31.0 16.5

167 249 980 300 26.0 16.5

149 222 970 300 21.1 16.0

W36 798 W920 1188 1066 457 109.0 60.5

650 967 1028 446 89.9 50.0

527 784 996 437 73.9 40.9

rT

t

B

D


147


148

American W-Shapes · ASTM A6





W36 439 W920 653 972 431 62.0 34.5

393 585 960 427 55.9 31.0

359 534 950 425 51.1 28.4

328 488 942 422 47.0 25.9

300 446 933 423 42.7 24.0

280 417 928 422 39.9 22.5

260 387 921 420 36.6 21.3

256 381 951 310 43.3 24.4

245 365 916 419 34.3 20.3

232 345 943 308 39.9 22.1

230 342 912 418 32.0 19.3

210 313 932 309 34.5 21.1

194 289 927 308 32.0 19.4

182 271 923 307 30.0 18.4

170 253 919 306 27.9 17.3

160 238 915 305 25.9 16.5

150 223 911 304 23.9 15.9

135 201 903 304 20.1 15.2

W33 387 W840 576 913 411 57.9 32.0

354 527 903 409 53.1 29.5

318 473 893 406 48.0 26.4

291 433 885 404 43.9 24.4

263 392 877 401 39.9 22.1

241 359 868 403 35.6 21.1

221 329 862 401 32.4 19.7

201 299 855 400 29.2 18.2

169 251 859 292 31.0 17.0

152 226 851 294 26.8 16.1

141 210 846 293 24.4 15.4

130 193 840 292 21.7 14.7

118 176 835 292 18.8 14.0

W30 391 W760 582 843 396 62.0 34.5

rT

t

B

D






W30 357 W760 531 833 393 56.9 31.5

326 484 823 390 52.1 29.0

292 434 813 387 47.0 25.9

261 389 803 385 41.9 23.6

235 350 795 382 38.1 21.1

211 314 786 384 33.4 19.7

191 284 779 382 30.1 18.0

173 257 773 381 27.1 16.6

148 220 779 266 30.0 16.5

132 196 770 268 25.4 15.6

124 185 766 267 23.6 14.9

116 173 762 267 21.6 14.4

108 161 758 266 19.3 13.8

99 147 753 265 17.0 13.2

90 134 750 264 15.5 11.9

W27 539 W690 802 826 387 89.9 50.0

368 548 772 372 63.0 35.1

336 500 762 369 57.9 32.0

307 457 752 367 53.1 29.5

281 419 744 364 49.0 26.9

258 384 736 362 45.0 24.9

235 350 728 360 40.9 23.1

217 323 722 359 38.1 21.1

194 289 714 356 34.0 19.0

178 265 706 358 30.2 18.4

161 240 701 356 27.4 16.8

146 217 695 355 24.8 15.4

129 192 702 254 27.9 15.5

114 170 693 256 23.6 14.5

102 152 688 254 21.1 13.1

94 140 684 254 18.9 12.4

84 125 678 253 16.3 11.7

rT

t

B

D


149


150






W24 370 W610 551 711 347 69.1 38.6

335 498 699 343 63.0 35.1

306 455 689 340 57.9 32.0

279 415 679 338 53.1 29.5

250 372 669 335 48.0 26.4

229 341 661 333 43.9 24.4

207 307 653 330 39.9 22.1

192 285 647 329 37.1 20.6

176 262 641 327 34.0 19.0

162 241 635 329 31.0 17.1

146 217 628 328 27.7 16.5

131 195 622 327 24.4 15.4

117 174 616 325 21.6 14.0

104 155 611 324 19.0 12.7

103 153 623 229 24.9 14.0

94 140 617 230 22.2 13.1

84 125 612 229 19.6 11.9

76 113 608 228 17.3 11.2

68 101 603 228 14.9 10.5

62 92 603 179 15.0 10.9

55 82 599 178 12.8 10.0

W21 201 W530 300 585 319 41.4 23.1

182 272 577 317 37.6 21.1

166 248 571 315 34.5 19.0

147 219 560 318 29.2 18.3

132 196 554 316 26.3 16.5

122 182 551 315 24.4 15.2

111 165 546 313 22.2 14.0

101 150 543 312 20.3 12.7

93 138 549 214 23.6 14.7

83 123 544 212 21.2 13.1

73 109 539 211 18.8 11.6

rT

t

B

D






W21 68 W530 101 537 210 17.4 10.9

62 92 533 209 15.6 10.2

57 85 535 166 16.5 10.3

55 82 528 209 13.3 9.50

50 74 529 166 13.6 9.7

48 72 524 207 10.9 9.00

44 66 525 165 11.4 8.9

W18 311 W460 464 567 305 69.6 38.6

283 471 555 302 63.5 35.6

258 384 545 299 58.4 32.5

234 349 535 296 53.6 29.5

211 315 525 293 48.5 26.9

192 286 517 291 44.4 24.4

175 260 509 289 40.4 22.6

158 235 501 287 36.6 20.6

143 213 495 285 33.5 18.5

130 193 489 283 30.5 17.0

119 177 482 286 26.9 16.6

106 158 476 284 23.9 15.0

97 144 472 283 22.1 13.6

86 128 467 282 19.6 12.2

76 113 463 280 17.3 10.8

71 106 469 194 20.6 12.6

65 97 466 193 19.0 11.4

60 89 463 192 17.7 10.5

55 82 460 191 16.0 9.9

50 74 457 190 14.5 9.0

46 68 459 154 15.4 9.1

40 60 455 153 13.3 8.0

35 52 450 152 10.8 7.6

rT

t

B

D


151


152






W16 100 W410 149 431 265 25.0 14.9

89 132 425 263 22.2 13.3

77 114 420 261 19.3 11.6

67 100 415 260 16.9 10.0

57 85 417 181 18.2 10.9

50 75 413 180 16.0 9.7

45 67 410 179 14.4 8.8

40 60 407 178 12.8 7.7

36 53 403 177 10.9 7.5

31 46.1 403 140 11.2 7.0

26 38.8 399 140 8.8 6.4

W14 730 W360 1086 569 454 125.0 78.0

665 990 550 448 115.0 71.9

605 900 531 442 106.0 65.9

550 818 514 437 97.0 60.5

500 744 498 432 88.9 55.6

455 677 483 428 81.5 51.2

426 634 474 424 77.1 47.6

398 592 465 421 72.3 45.0

370 551 455 418 67.6 42.0

342 509 446 416 62.7 39.1

311 463 435 412 57.4 35.8

283 421 425 409 52.6 32.8

257 382 416 406 48.0 29.8

233 347 407 404 43.7 27.2

211 314 399 401 39.6 24.9

193 287 393 399 36.6 22.6

176 262 387 398 33.3 21.1

159 237 380 395 30.2 18.9

145 216 375 394 27.7 17.3

132 196 372 374 26.2 16.4

120 179 368 373 23.9 15.0

109 162 364 371 21.8 13.3

99 147 360 370 19.8 12.3

90 134 356 369 18.0 11.2

rT

t

B

D






W14 82 W360 122 363 257 21.7 13.0

74 110 360 256 19.9 11.4

68 101 357 255 18.3 10.5

61 91 353 254 16.4 9.5

53 79 354 205 16.8 9.4

48 72 350 204 15.1 8.6

43 64 347 203 13.5 7.7

38 58 358 172 13.1 7.9

34 51 355 171 11.6 7.2

30 44.6 352 171 9.8 6.9

26 39.0 353 128 10.7 6.5

22 32.9 349 127 8.5 5.8

W12 336 W310 500 427 340 75.1 45.1

305 454 415 336 68.7 41.3

279 415 403 334 62.7 38.9

252 375 391 330 57.2 35.4

230 342 382 328 52.6 32.6

210 313 374 325 48.3 30.0

190 283 365 322 44.1 26.9

170 253 356 319 39.6 24.4

152 226 348 317 35.6 22.1

136 202 341 315 31.8 20.1

120 179 333 313 28.1 18.0

106 158 327 310 25.1 15.5

96 143 323 309 22.9 14.0

87 129 318 308 20.6 13.1

79 117 314 307 18.7 11.9

72 107 311 306 17.0 10.9

65 97 308 305 15.4 9.9

58 86 310 254 16.3 9.1

53 79 306 254 14.6 8.8

50 74 310 205 16.3 9.4

45 67 306 204 14.6 8.5

rT

t

B

D


153


154






W12 40 W310 60 303 203 13.1 7.5

35 52 317 167 13.2 7.6

30 44.5 313 166 11.2 6.6

26 38.7 310 165 9.7 5.8

22 32.7 313 102 10.8 6.6

19 28.3 309 102 8.9 6.0

16 23.8 305 101 6.7 5.6

14 21.0 303 101 5.7 5.1

W10 112 W250 167 289 265 31.8 19.2

100 149 282 263 28.4 17.3

88 131 275 261 25.1 15.4

77 115 269 259 22.1 13.5

68 101 264 257 19.6 11.9

60 89 260 256 17.3 10.7

54 80 256 255 15.6 9.4

49 73 253 254 14.2 8.6

45 67 257 204 15.7 8.9

39 58 252 203 13.5 8.0

33 49.1 247 202 11.0 7.4

30 44.8 266 148 13.0 7.6

26 38.5 262 147 11.2 6.6

22 32.7 258 146 9.1 6.1

19 28.4 260 102 10.0 6.4

17 25.3 257 102 8.4 6.1

15 22.3 254 102 6.9 5.8

12 17.9 251 101 5.3 4.8

W8 67 W200 100 229 210 23.7 14.5

58 86 222 209 20.6 13.0

48 71 216 206 17.4 10.2

40 59 210 205 14.2 9.1

35 52 206 204 12.6 7.9

31 46.1 203 203 11.0 7.2

rT

t

B

D






W8 28 W200 41.7 205 166 11.8 7.2

24 35.9 201 165 10.2 6.2

21 31.3 210 134 10.2 6.4

18 26.6 207 133 8.4 5.8

15 22.5 206 102 8.0 6.2

13 19.3 203 102 6.5 5.8

10 15.0 200 100 5.2 4.3

W6 25 W150 37.1 162 154 11.6 8.1

20 29.8 157 153 9.3 6.6

15 22.5 152 152 6.6 5.8

16 24.0 160 102 10.3 6.6

12 18.0 153 102 7.1 5.8

9 13.5 150 100 5.5 4.3

8.5 13.0 14.8 100 4.9 4.3

W5 19 W130 28.1 131 128 10.9 6.9

16 23.8 127 127 9.1 6.1

W4 13 W100 19.3 106 103 8.8 7.1

rT

t

B

D


155


156

Steel BeamsRectangular Hollow Sections · EN 10210-2

Size D x B Thickness t Weight Size D x B Thickness t Weight Size D x B Thickness t Weight

mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m

50 x 25 2.5 2.69 100 x 50 3.0 6.71 140 x 80 4.0 13.2

3.0 3.17 4.0 8.78 5.0 16.3

50 x 30 2.5 2.89 5.0 10.8 6.0 19.3

3.0 3.41 6.0 12.7 6.3 20.2

4.0 4.39 6.3 13.3 8.0 25.1

5.0 5.28 8.0 16.3 10.0 30.6

60 x 40 2.5 3.68 100 x 60 3.0 7.18 150 x 100 4.0 15.1

3.0 4.35 4.0 9.41 5.0 18.6

4.0 5.64 5.0 11.6 6.0 22.1

5.0 6.85 6.0 13.6 6.3 23.1

6.0 7.99 6.3 14.2 8.0 28.9

6.3 8.31 8.0 17.5 10.0 35.3

80 x 40 3.0 5.29 120 x 60 4.0 10.7 12.0 41.4

4.0 6.90 5.0 13.1 12.5 42.8

5.0 8.42 6.0 15.5 160 x 80 4.0 14.4

6.0 9.87 6.3 16.2 5.0 17.8

6.3 10.3 8.0 20.1 6.0 21.2

8.0 12.5 10.0 24.3 6.3 22.2

90 x 50 3.0 6.24 120 x 80 4.0 11.9 8.0 27.6

4.0 8.15 5.0 14.7 10.0 33.7

5.0 9.99 6.0 17.4 12.0 39.5

6.0 11.8 6.3 18.2 12.5 40.9

6.3 12.3 8.0 22.6

8.0 15.0 10.0 27.4

D

t

B

Rectangular Hollow Sections · EN 10210-2

Size D x B Thickness t Weight Size D x B Thickness t Weight Size D x B Thickness t Weight

mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m

180 x 100 4.0 16.9 250 x 150 6.0 36.2 350 x 250 6.0 55.1

5.0 21.0 6.3 38.0 6.3 57.8

6.0 24.9 8.0 47.7 8.0 72.8

6.3 26.1 10.0 58.8 10.0 90.2

8.0 32.6 12.0 69.6 12.0 107

10.0 40.0 12.5 72.3 12.5 112

12.0 47.0 16.0 90.3 16.0 141

12.5 48.7 260 x 180 6.0 40.0 400 x 200 8.0 72.8

200 x 100 4.0 18.2 6.3 41.9 10.0 90.2

5.0 22.6 8.0 52.7 12.0 107

6.0 26.8 10.0 65.1 12.5 112

6.3 28.1 12.0 77.2 16.0 141

8.0 35.1 12.5 80.1 450 x 250 8.0 85.4

10.0 43.1 16.0 100 10.0 106

12.0 50.8 300 x 200 6.0 45.7 12.0 126

12.5 52.7 6.3 47.9 12.5 131

16.0 65.2 8.0 60.3 16.0 166

200 x 120 6.0 28.7 10.0 74.5 500 x 300 10.0 122

6.3 30.1 12.0 88.5 12.0 145

8.0 37.6 12.5 91.9 12.5 151

10.0 46.3 16.0 115 16.0 191

12.0 54.6 20.0 235

12.5 56.6

D

t

B


157


158

Steel BeamsSquare Hollow Sections · EN 10210-2

Size D Thickness Weight Size D Thickness Weight Size D Thickness Weight Size D Thickness Weight

mm t mm kg/m mm t mm kg/m mm t mm kg/m mm t mm kg/m

20 2.0 1.10 80 5.0 11.6 150 10.0 43.1 220 12.5 80.1

2.5 1.32 6.0 13.6 12.0 50.8 16.0 100

25 2.0 1.41 6.3 14.2 12.5 52.7 250 6.0 45.7

2.5 1.71 8.0 17.5 16.0 65.2 6.3 47.9

3.0 2.00 90 4.0 10.7 160 5.0 24.1 8.0 60.3

30 2.0 1.72 5.0 13.1 6.0 28.7 10.0 74.5

2.5 2.11 6.0 15.5 6.3 30.1 12.0 88.5

3.0 2.47 6.3 16.2 8.0 37.6 12.5 91.9

40 2.5 2.89 8.0 20.1 10.0 46.3 16.0 115

3.0 3.41 100 4.0 11.9 12.0 54.6 260 6.0 47.6

4.0 4.39 5.0 14.7 12.5 56.6 6.3 49.9

5.0 5.28 6.0 17.4 16.0 70.2 8.0 62.8

50 2.5 3.68 6.3 18.2 180 5.0 27.3 10.0 77.7

3.0 4.35 8.0 22.6 6.0 32.5 12.0 92.2

4.0 5.64 10.0 27.4 6.3 34.0 12.5 95.8

5.0 6.85 120 5.0 17.8 8.0 42.7 16.0 120

6.0 7.99 6.0 21.2 10.0 52.5 300 6.0 55.1

6.3 8.31 6.3 22.2 12.0 62.1 6.3 57.8

60 2.5 4.46 8.0 27.6 12.5 64.4 8.0 72.8

3.0 5.29 10.0 33.7 16.0 80.2 10.0 90.2

4.0 6.90 12.0 39.5 200 5.0 30.4 12.0 107

5.0 8.42 12.5 40.9 6.0 36.2 12.5 112

6.0 9.87 140 5.0 21.0 6.3 38.0 16.0 141

6.3 10.3 6.0 24.9 8.0 47.7 350 8.0 85.4

8.0 12.5 6.3 26.1 10.0 58.8 10.0 106

70 3.0 6.24 8.0 32.6 12.0 69.6 12.0 126

4.0 8.15 10.0 40.0 12.5 72.3 12.5 131

5.0 9.99 12.0 47.0 16.0 90.3 16.0 166

6.0 11.8 12.5 48.7 220 6.0 40.0 400 10.0 122

6.3 12.3 150 5.0 22.6 6.3 41.9 12.0 145

8.0 15.0 6.0 26.8 8.0 52.7 12.5 151

80 3.0 7.18 6.3 28.1 10.0 65.1 16.0 191

4.0 9.41 8.0 35.1 12.0 77.2 20.0 235

D

t

D



D t


159

21.3 2.3 1.08

3.2 1.43

26.9 2.3 1.40

3.2 1.87

33.7 2.6 1.99

3.2 2.41

4.0 2.93

42.4 2.6 2.55

3.2 3.09

4.0 3.79

48.3 2.6 2.93

3.2 3.56

4.0 4.37

5.0 5.34

60.3 2.6 3.70

3.2 4.51

4.0 5.55

5.0 6.82

76.1 2.6 4.71

3.2 5.75

4.0 7.11

5.0 8.77

88.9 3.2 6.76

4.0 8.38

5.0 10.3

6.3 12.8

101.6 4.0 9.63

5.0 11.9

6.3 14.8

8.0 18.5

10.0 22.6

114.3 4.0 10.9

5.0 13.5

6.3 16.8

8.0 21.0

10.0 25.7

139.7 5.0 16.6

6.3 20.7

8.0 26.0

10.0 32.0

12.5 39.2

168.3 5.0 20.1

6.3 25.2

8.0 31.6

10.0 39.0

12.5 48.0

177.8 5.0 21.3

6.3 26.6

10.0 41.4

12.5 51.0

193.7 5.0 23.3

6.3 29.1

12.5 55.9

16.0 70.1

219.1 5.0 26.4

6.3 33.1

10.0 51.6

12.5 63.7

20.0 98.2

244.5 6.3 37.0

10.0 57.8

12.5 71.5

20.0 111

25.0 135

273.0 6.3 41.4

10.0 64.9

12.5 80.3

20.0 125

25.0 153

323.9 6.3 49.3

10.0 77.4

12.5 96.0

Steel BeamsCircular Hollow Sections · EN 10210-2

Not all sizes in EN 10210-2 are listed here


160

Circular Hollow Sections · EN 10210-2



D t

323.9 20.0 150

25.0 184

355.6 6.3 54.3

10.0 85.2

12.5 106

20.0 166

25.0 204

406.4 6.3 62.2

12.5 121

20.0 191

25.0 235

40.0 361

457.0 6.3 70.0

12.5 137

20.0 216

25.0 266

457.0 40.0 411

508.0 6.3 77.9

12.5 153

25.0 298

40.0 462

50.0 565

610.0 6.3 93.8

12.5 184

25.0 361

40.0 562

50.0 691

711.0 6.3 109

12.5 215

25.0 423

40.0 662

50.0 815

711.0 60.0 963

762.0 6.3 117

12.5 231

25.0 454

40.0 712

50.0 878

813.0 12.5 247

16.0 314

25.0 486

30.0 579

914.0 12.5 278

16.0 354

25.0 548

30.0 654

1016.0 12.5 309

16.0 395

1016.0 25.0 611

30.0 729

1067.0 12.5 325

16.0 415

25.0 642

30.0 767

1168.0 12.5 356

16.0 455

25.0 705

1219.0 12.5 372

16.0 475

25.0 736

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Dimensions and WeightsButtweld Fittings Index

163


• Buttweld FittingsVorschweißfittingsRaccords à souderRaccordi a saldare di testaAcessorios para soldar

Elbows and Returns, long radius .......................................... 164Elbows, short radius ............................................................ 172Tees, equal and reducing ...................................................... 178Reducers, concentric and excentric ...................................... 201End Caps.............................................................................. 215

Tables are for ASME B16.9. MSS-SP-75 is not listed separately assizes are the same, but note that tolerances on dimensions aredifferent and so weights may differ slightly. ASME B16.28 hasbeen incorporated into ASME B16.9.

Dimensions and WeightsSteel FittingsElbows and Returns · Long RadiusASME B16.9

164

Steel FittingsElbows and Returns · Long Radius

NB Outside Centre to End Back Designation/ Weight1 Shipping2

Diameter to Face Schedule 90° Elbow 45° Elbow Return Weight measure

in A in/mm B in/mm K in/mm kg kg kg m3 90°1/2 0.84 1.50 0.62 1.88 5s 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.00005

21.3 38 16 48 10s 0.06 0.03 0.12

STD 40(s) 0.08 0.04 0.16

XS 80(s) 0.10 0.05 0.20

160 0.10 0.05 0.20

XXS 0.12 0.06 0.24

3/4 1.05 1.50 0.75 2.00 5s 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.00005

alt 1.12 alt 0.44 alt 1.69 10s 0.06 0.03 0.12

26.7 38 19 51 STD 40(s) 0.10 0.05 0.20

XS 80(s) 0.12 0.06 0.24

160 0.12 0.06 0.24

XXS 0.14 0.07 0.28

1 1.32 1.50 0.88 2.19 5s 0.10 0.06 0.20 0.00010

33.4 38 22 56 10s 0.12 0.08 0.24

STD 40(s) 0.15 0.11 0.31

XS 80(s) 0.19 0.14 0.40

160 0.30 0.15 0.60

XXS 0.34 0.17 0.68

11/4 1.66 1.88 1.00 2.75 5s 0.17 0.09 0.34 0.00020

42.2 48 25 70 10s 0.21 0.12 0.42

STD 40(s) 0.26 0.17 0.53

XS 80(s) 0.34 0.22 0.69

160 0.44 0.22 0.88

XXS 0.61 0.31 1.22

1 Weights are not specified. Values are approximate for shipping purposes. For dimensional tolerances see page 384. 2 Weight measure for 45˚ is 1/2 of 90˚, weight measure of return is 2 x 90˚. For short radius elbows see page 172.3 MSS-SP-75 fittings have different tolerances so weights may differ slightly.

B

B

A

A

A A

0

K

Dimensions and WeightsSteel Fittings

Elbows and Returns · Long RadiusASME B16.9

165

Elbows and Returns · Long Radius



in A in/mm B in/mm K in/mm kg kg kg m3 90°

11/2 1.90 2.25 1.12 3.25 5s 0.22 0.11 0.44 0.00031

48.3 57 29 83 10s 0.28 0.14 0.56

STD 40(s) 0.38 0.23 0.76

XS 80(S) 0.48 0.29 1.00

160 0.68 0.34 1.36

XXS 0.90 0.45 1.80

2 2.38 3.00 1.38 4.19 5s 0.34 0.17 0.68 0.00058

60.3 76 35 106 10s 0.47 0.24 0.94

STD 40(s) 0.68 0.37 1.36

XS 80(s) 0.91 0.49 1.85

160 1.40 0.70 2.80

XXS 1.68 0.84 3.36

21/2 2.88 3.75 1.75 5.19 5s 0.61 0.32 1.22 0.00127

73.0 95 44 132 10s 0.79 0.39 1.58

STD 40(s) 1.30 0.74 2.67

XS 80(s) 1.73 0.95 3.50

160 2.34 1.17 4.68

XXS 3.20 1.60 6.40

3 3.50 4.50 2.00 6.25 5s 0.92 0.46 1.84 0.00217

88.9 114 51 159 10s 1.16 0.58 2.32

STD 40(s) 2.08 1.10 4.19

XS 80(s) 2.78 1.47 5.62

160 4.02 2.01 8.04

XXS 5.17 2.59 10.34

31/2 4.00 5.25 2.25 7.25 5s 1.19 0.60 2.38 0.00345

101.6 133 57 184 10s 1.55 0.78 3.10

STD 40(s) 2.92 1.49 5.90

XS 80(s) 3.96 2.01 7.98


B

B

A

A

A A

0

K


166





4 4.50 6.00 2.50 8.25 5s 1.71 0.86 3.42 0.00540

114.3 152 64 210 10s 2.01 1.01 4.02

STD 40(s) 3.95 1.95 7.94

XS 80(s) 5.40 2.66 11.00

120 7.11 3.56 14.22

160 8.42 4.21 16.84

XXS 10.30 5.15 20.60

5 5.56 7.50 3.12 10.31 5s 3.10 1.55 6.20 0.00957

141.3 190 79 262 10s 3.46 1.73 6.92

STD 40(s) 6.67 3.31 13.50

XS 80(s) 9.34 4.63 19.00

120 12.65 6.33 25.30

160 15.42 7.71 30.84

XXS 18.10 9.05 36.20

6 6.62 9.00 3.75 12.31 5s 4.46 2.23 8.92 0.01944

168.3 229 95 313 10s 4.98 2.49 9.96

STD 40(s) 10.40 5.13 20.90

XS 80(s) 15.50 7.57 31.30

120 20.42 10.21 40.84

160 25.46 12.73 50.92

XXS 29.90 14.95 59.80

8 8.62 12.00 5.00 16.31 5s 8.80 4.40 17.60 0.0390

219.1 305 127 414 10s 9.55 4.78 19.10

20 16.74 8.37 33.48

30 18.50 9.25 37.00

STD 40(s) 20.90 10.30 41.90

60 26.60 13.33 53.32

XS 80(s) 31.30 15.40 63.50

100 38.19 19.10 76.88

120 45.46 22.73 90.92


B

B

A

A

A A

0

K



167





8 8.62 12.00 5.00 16.31 140 50.74 25.37 101.48

219.1 305 127 414 XXS 54.40 27.20 108.80

160 55.93 27.97 111.86

10 10.75 15.00 6.25 20.38 5s 16.60 8.31 33.20 0.074

273.0 381 159 518 10s 18.15 9.08 36.30

20 26.22 13.11 52.44

30 32.04 16.02 64.08

STD 40(s) 37.00 18.30 74.40

XS 60/80s 49.40 24.40 100.20

80 60.31 30.16 120.62

100 71.82 35.91 143.64

120 83.54 41.77 167.08

XXS 140 97.41 48.71 194.82

160 108.19 54.10 216.38

12 12.75 18.00 7.50 24.38 5s 24.00 12.00 48.00 0.124

323.8 457 190 619 10s 25.80 12.90 51.60

20 37.46 18.37 74.92

30 49.12 24.56 98.24

STD 40s 54.00 27.00 109.30

40 60.07 30.04 120.14

XS 80s 71.20 35.50 143.80

60 82.26 41.13 164.52

80 99.36 49.68 198.72

100 120.27 60.14 240.54

XXS 120 140.87 70.44 281.74

140 156.82 78.41 313.64

160 179.90 89.95 359.80

14 14.00 21.00 8.75 28.00 5s 28.00 14.00 56.00 0.158

355.6 533 222 711 10s 34.62 17.31 69.24

10 48.09 24.05 96.18


B

B

A

A

A A

0

K


168





14 14.00 21.00 8.75 28.00 20 59.70 29.85 119.40

355.6 533 222 711 STD 30 69.90 34.70 140.20

40 83.06 41.53 166.12

XS 91.60 45.40 184.60

60 111.49 55.75 222.98

80 138.68 69.34 277.36

100 171.23 85.62 342.46

120 197.54 98.77 395.08

140 222.96 111.48 445.92

160 247.70 123.85 495.40

16 16.00 24.00 10.00 32.00 5s 38.00 19.00 76.00 0.251

406.4 610 254 813 10s 45.24 22.62 90.48

10 62.95 31.48 125.90

20 78.20 39.10 156.40

STD 30 91.20 45.40 183.70

XS 40 120.20 59.90 242.20

60 161.29 80.65 322.58

80 204.17 102.09 408.34

100 246.85 123.43 493.70

120 288.05 144.03 576.10

140 334.83 167.42 669.66

160 367.15 183.58 734.30

18 18.00 27.00 11.25 36.00 5s 48.00 24.00 96.00 0.388

457 686 286 914 10s 57.30 28.65 114.60

10 79.82 39.91 159.64

20 99.20 49.60 198.40

STD 116.10 58.10 233.10

30 138.29 69.15 276.58

XS 153.30 76.20 308.00

40 176.21 88.11 352.42

60 232.70 116.35 465.40


B

B

A

A

A A

0

K



169





18 18.00 27.00 11.25 36.00 80 287.57 143.79 575.14

457 686 286 914 100 350.64 175.32 701.28

120 411.21 205.60 822.42

140 461.77 230.89 923.54

160 519.59 259.80 1039.18

20 20.00 30.00 12.50 40.00 5s 58.40 29.20 116.80 0.498

508 762 318 1016 10s 82.00 41.00 164.00

10 98.67 49.34 197.34

STD 20 143.80 71.70 288.90

XS 30 190.10 94.30 381.50

40 229.96 114.98 459.92

60 311.02 155.51 622.04

80 391.03 195.52 782.06

100 478.71 239.36 957.42

120 554.58 277.29 1109.16

140 638.27 319.14 1276.54

160 717.50 358.75 1435.00

22 22.00 33.00 13.50 44.00 5s 73.00 36.50 146.00 0.684

559 838 343 1118 10s 99.44 49.72 198.88

10 119.54 59.77 239.08

STD 20 174.60 87.10 349.70

XS 30 230.40 114.80 462.70

40 300.00 150.00 600.00

60 406.26 203.13 812.52

80 516.35 258.18 1032.70

100 623.36 311.68 1246.72

120 727.94 363.52 1454.08

140 829.61 414.81 1659.22

160 939.80 470.00 1879.60


B

B

A

A

A A

0

K


170





24 24.00 36.00 15.00 48.00 5s 88.00 44.00 176.00 0.854

610 914 381 1219 10(s) 142.40 71.20 284.80

STD 20 207.70 103.90 417.30

XS 274.90 137.00 553.40

30 315.36 157.68 630.72

40 384.10 192.05 768.20

60 534.95 267.48 1069.90

80 664.71 332.36 1329.42

100 825.23 412.62 1650.46

120 964.10 482.05 1928.20

140 1101.62 550.81 2203.24

160 1251.54 625.50 2502.00

26 26.00 39.00 16.00 10 208.10 104.05 1.078

660 991 406 STD 244.50 122.00

XS 20 323.40 161.00

28 28.00 42.00 17.25 10 241.56 120.78 1.357

711 1067 438 STD 308.00 154.00

XS 20 385.00 193.00

30 478.56 239.28

30 30.00 45.00 18.50 10 277.51 138.76 1.694

762 1143 470 STD 326.60 162.40

XS 20 452.30 215.50

30 550.20 275.10

32 32.00 48.00 19.75 10 315.95 157.98 2.128

813 1219 502 STD 386.00 193.00

XS 20 511.00 255.00

30 626.84 313.42

40 688.65 344.33


B

B

A

A

A A

0

K



171





34 34.00 51.00 21.00 10 356.88 178.44 2.512

864 1295 533 STD 420.00 210.00

XS 20 557.90 279.00

30 708.47 354.24

40 778.42 389.21

36 36.00 54.00 22.25 10 400.31 200.16 2.914

914 1372 565 STD 471.70 235.00

XS 20 626.00 311.20

30 795.09 397.55

40 951.04 475.52

38 38.00 57.00 23.62 STD 544.00 272.00 3.503

965 1448 600 XS 717.00 354.00

40 40.00 60.00 24.88 STD 590.00 295.00 3.974

1016 1524 632 XS 794.00 397.00

42 42.00 63.00 26.00 STD 644.10 320.70 4.780

1067 1600 660 XS 852.70 425.00

44 44.00 66.00 27.38 STD 726.00 363.00 5.110

1118 1676 695 XS 975.00 488.00

46 46.00 69.00 28.62 STD 816.00 408.00 5.826

1168 1753 727 XS 1055.00 530.00

48 48.00 72.00 29.88 STD 907.00 454.00 6.912

1219 1829 759 XS 1134.00 567.00


B

B

A

A

A A

0

K

Dimensions and WeightsSteel FittingsElbows · Short RadiusASME B16.9

172

Steel FittingsElbows · Short Radius

NB Diameter at Bevel Centre to end A Designation Schedule Weight1 Shipping: Weight measure2

in in/mm in/mm kg m3

1 1.32 1.00 5s 0.05 0.00006

33.4 25 10s 0.08

STD 40(s) 0.10

XS 80(s) 0.13

160 0.18

XXS 0.23

11/4 1.66 1.25 5s 0.07 0.00012

42.2 32 10s 0.14

STD 40(s) 0.17

XS 80(s) 0.23

160 0.29

XXS 0.41

11/2 1.90 1.50 5s 0.10 0.00020

48.3 38 10s 0.20

STD 40(s) 0.25

XS 80(s) 0.33

160 0.45

XXS 0.60

2 2.38 2.00 5s 0.20 0.00031

60.3 51 10s 0.33

STD 40(s) 0.45

XS 80(s) 0.60

160 0.93

XXS 1.13

1 Weights are not specified. These are approximate for shipping purposes. For long radius see page 164.2 Return weight and weight measure is 2 x 90° values.

A

A


Elbows · Short RadiusASME B16.9

173

Elbows · Short Radius



21/2 2.88 2.50 5s 0.37 0.00074

73.0 64 10s 0.57

STD 40(s) 0.87

XS 80(s) 1.14

160 1.56

XXS 2.03

3 3.50 3.00 5s 0.67 0.0012

88.9 76 10s 0.84

STD 40(s) 1.38

XS 80(s) 1.83

160 2.68

XXS 3.47

31/2 4.00 3.50 5s 0.98 0.0020

101.6 89 10s 1.15

STD 40(s) 1.93

XS 80(s) 2.61

4 4.50 4.00 5s 1.07 0.0029

114.3 102 10s 1.40

STD 40(s) 2.62

XS 80(s) 3.58

120 4.74

160 5.62

XXS 6.86

5 5.56 5.00 5s 1.80 0.0055

141.3 127 10s 2.45

STD 40(s) 4.42

XS 80(s) 6.21

120 8.43

160 10.28

XXS 12.02


A

A


174




6 6.62 6.00 5s 2.95 0.0103

168.3 152 10s 3.65

STD 40(s) 6.89

XS 80(s) 10.30

120 13.62

160 16.97

XXS 19.00

8 8.62 8.00 5s 5.31 0.0207

291.1 203 10s 7.81

20 11.16

30 12.34

STD 40(s) 13.80

60 17.77

XS 80(s) 20.70

100 25.46

120 30.31

140 33.82

XXS 36.12

160 37.29

10 10.75 10.00 5s 8.41 0.0394

273.0 254 10s 12.05

20 17.48

30 21.36

STD 40(s) 24.50

XS 60/80(s) 32.90

80 40.21

100 47.88

120 55.69

XXS 140 64.94

160 72.13


A

A



175




12 12.75 12.00 5s 12.14 0.0660

323.8 305 10s 18.10

20 24.97

30 32.75

STD 40s 36.10

40 40.05

XS 80s 47.20

60 54.87

80 66.24

100 80.18

XXS 120 93.91

140 104.55

160 119.93

14 14.00 14.00 5s 21.17 0.0840

355.6 356 10s 26.13

10 32.06

20 39.80

STD 30 46.30

40 55.37

XS 61.20

60 74.33

80 92.68

100 114.16

120 131.69

140 148.64

160 165.13

16 16.00 16.00 5s 29.31 0.134

406.4 406 10s 34.57

10 41.97

20 52.14

STD 30 61.20

XS 40 80.30

60 107.52


A

A


176




16 16.00 16.00 80 136.08 0.134

406.4 406 100 164.57

120 192.03

140 233.22

160 244.77

18 18.00 18.00 5s 37.70 0.206

457 457 10s 43.82

10 53.21

20 66.13

STD 77.60

30 92.19

XS 102.10

40 117.48

60 155.13

80 191.71

100 233.76

120 274.14

140 307.85

160 346.39

20 20.00 20.00 5s 41.88 0.265

508 508 10s 56.88

10 65.78

STD 20 96.20

XS 30 126.10

40 153.31

60 207.35

80 260.68

100 319.14

120 369.72

140 425.51

160 478.50


A

A



177




22 22.00 22.00 5s 63.71 0.364

559 559 10s 77.38

10 76.69

STD 20 117.00

XS 30 154.20

40 193.51

60 270.84

80 344.24

100 415.57

120 485.29

140 553.08

160 626.70

24 24.00 24.00 5s 71.50 0.454

610 610 10(s) 94.93

STD 20 138.30

XS 183.30

30 210.24

40 256.07

60 356.63

80 443.95

100 550.15

120 642.73

140 743.42

160 834.76


A

A

Dimensions and WeightsSteel FittingsTeesASME B16.9

178

Steel FittingsEqual and Reducing Tees

NB OD at Bevel Centre to End Designation/ Weight 2 Designation/ Weight 2 Shipping Weight

Run Outlet C M 3, 4 Schedule 1 Schedule 1 Measure

in in/mm in/mm in/mm in/mm kg kg m3

1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 0.84 0.84 1.00 1.00 5s 0.07 STD 40(s) 0.16 0.00004

21.3 21.3 25 25 10s 0.09 XS 80(s) 0.25

1/2 x 1/2 x 3/8 0.84 0.68 1.00 1.00 5s 0.07 STD 40(s) 0.16 0.00004

21.3 17.3 25 25 10s 0.09 XS 80(s) 0.25

1/2 x 1/2 x 1/4 0.84 0.54 1.00 1.00 5s 0.07 STD 40(s) 0.16 0.00004

21.3 13.7 25 25 10s 0.09 XS 80(s) 0.25

3/4 x 3/4 x 3/4 1.05 1.05 1.12 1.12 5s 0.09 STD 40(s) 0.23 0.00006

26.7 26.7 29 29 10s 0.11 XS 80(s) 0.38

3/4 x 3/4 x 1/2 1.05 0.84 1.12 1.12 5s 0.09 STD 40(s) 0.23 0.00006

26.7 21.3 29 29 10s 0.11 XS 80(s) 0.38

3/4 x 3/4 x 3/8 1.05 0.68 1.12 1.12 5s 0.09 STD 40(s) 0.23 0.00006

26.7 17.3 29 29 10s 0.11 XS 80(s) 0.38

1 x 1 x 1 1.32 1.32 1.50 1.50 5s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.45 0.00014

33.4 33.4 38 38 10s 0.27 160 0.47

STD 40(s) 0.34 XXS 0.65

1 x 1 x 3/4 1.32 1.05 1.50 1.50 5s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.45 0.00014

33.4 26.7 38 38 10s 0.27 160 0.47

STD 40(s) 0.34 XXS 0.65

1 x 1 x 1/2 1.32 0.84 1.50 1.50 5s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.45 0.00014

33.4 21.3 38 38 10s 0.27 160 0.47

STD 40(s) 0.34 XXS 0.65

11/4 x 11/4 x 11/4 1.66 1.66 1.88 1.88 5s 0.35 XS 80(s) 0.85 0.00028

42.2 42.2 48 48 10s 0.45 160 1.00

1 Different schedules for run and outlet can be supplied.2 Weights are not specified. Values are approximate for shipping purposes. Note MSS-SP-75 tolerances mean weights may differ slightly.3 Outlet dimension M for reducing tees of run size 14 inch and larger is recommended but not mandatory.4 Outlet dimension M for equal tees size 26 inch and larger is recommended but not mandatory.


M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

179

Equal and Reducing Tees




11/4 x 11/4 x 11/4 STD 40(s) 0.63 XXS 1.18

11/4 x 11/4 x 1 1.66 1.32 1.88 1.88 5s 0.35 XS 80(s) 0.85 0.00028

42.2 33.4 48 48 10s 0.45 160 1.00

STD 40(s) 0.63 XXS 1.18

11/4 x 11/4 x 3/4 1.66 1.05 1.88 1.88 5s 0.35 XS 80(s) 0.85 0.00028

42.2 26.7 48 48 10s 0.45 160 1.00

STD 40(s) 0.63 XXS 1.18

11/4 x 11/4 x 1/2 1.66 0.84 1.88 1.88 5s 0.35 XS 80(s) 0.85 0.00028

42.2 21.3 48 48 10s 0.45 160 1.00

STD 40(s) 0.63 XXS 1.18

11/2 x 11/2 x 11/2 1.90 1.90 2.25 2.25 5s 0.55 XS 80(s) 1.27 0.00045

48.3 48.3 57 57 10s 0.65 160 1.79

STD 40(s) 0.92 XXS 2.54

11/2 x 11/2 x 11/4 1.90 1.66 2.25 2.25 5s 0.55 XS 80(s) 1.27 0.00045

48.3 42.2 57 57 10s 0.65 160 1.79

STD 40(s) 0.92 XXS 2.54

11/2 x 11/2 x 1 1.90 1.32 2.25 2.25 5s 0.55 XS 80(s) 1.27 0.00045

48.3 33.4 57 57 10s 0.65 160 1.79

STD 40(s) 0.92 XXS 2.54

11/2 x 11/2 x 3/4 1.90 1.05 2.25 2.25 5s 0.55 XS 80(s) 1.27 0.00045

48.3 26.7 57 57 10s 0.65 160 1.79

STD 40(s) 0.92 XXS 2.54

11/2 x 11/2 x 1/2 1.90 0.84 2.25 2.25 5s 0.55 XS 80(s) 1.27 0.00045

48.3 21.3 57 57 10s 0.65 160 1.79

STD 40(s) 0.92 XXS 2.54

2 x 2 x 2 2.38 2.38 2.50 2.50 5s 0.68 XS 80(s) 2.15 0.00072



M

C C

M

C C


180





2 x 2 x 2 60.3 60.3 64 64 10s 1.26 160 3.18

STD 40(s) 1.49 XXS 4.00

2 x 2 x 11/2 2.38 1.90 2.50 2.38 5s 0.68 XS 80(s) 2.15 0.00070

60.3 48.3 64 60 10s 1.26 160 3.18

STD 40(s) 1.49 XXS 4.00

2 x 2 x 11/4 2.38 1.66 2.50 2.25 5s 0.68 XS 80(s) 2.15 0.00067

60.3 42.3 64 57 10s 1.26 160 3.18

STD 40(s) 1.49 XXS 4.00

2 x 2 x 1 2.38 1.32 2.50 2.00 5s 0.68 XS 80(s) 2.15 0.00062

60.3 33.4 64 51 10s 1.26 160 3.18

STD 40(s) 1.49 XXS 4.00

2 x 2 x 3/4 2.38 1.05 2.50 1.75 5s 0.68 XS 80(s) 2.15 0.00057

60.3 26.7 64 44 10s 1.26 160 3.18

STD 40(s) 1.49 XXS 4.00

21/2 x 21/2 x 21/2 2.88 2.88 3.00 3.00 5s 1.06 XS 80(s) 3.00 0.00126

73.0 73.0 76 76 10s 2.18 160 4.00

STD 40(s) 2.68 XXS 4.50

21/2 x 21/2 x 2 2.88 2.38 3.00 2.75 5s 1.06 XS 80(s) 3.00 0.00119

73.0 60.3 76 70 10s 2.18 160 3.85

STD 40(s) 2.68 XXS 4.20

21/2 x 21/2 x 11/2 2.88 1.90 3.00 2.62 5s 1.06 XS 80(s) 3.00 0.00115

73.0 48.3 76 67 10s 2.18 160 3.85

STD 40(s) 2.68 XXS 4.20

21/2 x 21/2 x 11/4 2.88 1.66 3.00 2.50 5s 1.06 XS 80(s) 3.00 0.00112

73.0 42.2 76 64 10s 2.18 160 3.58



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

181





21/2 x 21/2 x 11/4 STD 40(s) 2.68 XXS 4.15

21/2 x 21/2 x 1 2.88 1.32 3.00 2.25 5s 1.06 XS 80(s) 3.00 0.00104

73.0 33.4 76 57 10s 2.18 160 3.58

STD 40(s) 2.68 XXS 4.00

3 x 3 x 3 3.50 3.50 3.38 3.38 5s 1.50 XS 80(s) 4.29 0.00199

88.9 88.9 86 86 10s 3.30 160 6.58

STD 40(s) 3.75 XXS 7.10

3 x 3 x 21/2 3.50 2.88 3.38 3.25 5s 1.50 XS 80(s) 4.29 0.00194

88.9 73.0 86 83 10s 3.00 160 6.13

STD 40(s) 3.75 XXS 6.60

3 x 3 x 2 3.50 2.38 3.38 3.00 5s 1.50 XS 80(s) 4.29 0.00184

88.9 60.3 86 76 10s 3.00 160 5.85

STD 40(s) 3.75 XXS 6.35

3 x 3 x 11/2 3.50 1.90 3.38 2.88 5s 1.50 XS 80(s) 4.29 0.00180

88.9 48.3 86 73 10s 3.00 160 5.75

STD 40(s) 3.75 XXS 6.30

3 x 3 x 11/4 3.50 1.66 3.38 2.75 5s 1.50 XS 80(s) 4.29 0.00174

88.9 42.2 86 70 10s 3.00 160 5.65

STD 40(s) 3.75 XXS 6.25

31/2 x 31/2 x 31/2 4.00 4.00 3.75 3.75 5s 2.05 STD 40(s) 5.00 0.00283

101.6 101.6 95 95 10s 3.75 XS 80(s) 6.15

31/2 x 31/2 x 3 4.00 3.50 3.75 3.62 5s 2.05 STD 40(s) 5.00 0.00276

101.6 88.9 95 92 10s 3.70 XS 80(s) 6.15

31/2 x 31/2 x 21/2 4.00 2.88 3.75 3.50 5s 2.05 STD 40(s) 5.00 0.00270

101.6 73.0 95 89 10s 3.70 XS 80(s) 6.15



M

C C

M

C C


182





31/2 x 31/2 x 2 4.00 2.38 3.75 3.25 5s 2.05 STD 40(s) 5.00 0.00258

101.6 60.3 95 83 10s 3.70 XS 80(s) 6.15

31/2 x 31/2 x 11/2 4.00 1.90 3.75 3.12 5s 2.05 STD 40(s) 5.00 0.00252

101.6 48.3 95 79 10s 3.70 XS 80(s) 6.15

4 x 4 x 4 4.50 4.50 4.12 4.12 5s 2.60 120 9.00 0.00408

114.3 114.3 105 105 10s 4.40 160 11.83

STD 40(s) 6.50 XXS 15.00

XS 80(s) 7.65

4 x 4 x 31/2 4.50 4.00 4.12 4.00 5s 2.60 XS 80(s) 7.65 0.00376

114.3 101.6 105 102 10s 4.40 160 11.10

STD 40(s) 6.50

4 x 4 x 3 4.50 3.50 4.12 3.88 5s 2.60 XS 80(s) 7.65 0.00372

114.3 88.9 105 98 10s 4.40 160 11.10

STD 40(s) 6.50 XXS 14.50

4 x 4 x 21/2 4.50 2.88 4.12 3.75 5s 2.60 XS 80(s) 7.65 0.00365

114.3 73.0 105 95 10s 4.40 160 10.75

STD 40(s) 6.50 XXS 14.50

4 x 4 x 2 4.50 2.38 4.12 3.50 5s 2.60 XS 80(s) 7.65 0.00349

114.3 60.3 105 89 10s 4.40 160 10.75

STD 40(s) 6.50 XXS 14.50

4 x 4 x 11/2 4.50 1.90 4.12 3.38 5s 2.60 XS 80(s) 7.65 0.00342

114.3 48.3 105 86 10s 4.40 160 10.75

STD 40(s) 6.50 XXS 14.50

5 x 5 x 5 5.56 5.56 4.88 4.88 5s 4.00 120 17.50 0.00681

141.3 141.3 124 124 10s 7.42 160 25.00

STD 40(s) 10.00 XXS 29.90

XS 80(s) 13.50



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

183





5 x 5 x 4 5.56 4.50 4.88 4.62 5s 4.00 120 17.50 0.00658

141.3 114.3 124 117 10s 7.42 160 23.00

STD 40(s) 10.00 XXS 28.84

XS 80(s) 13.50

5 x 5 x 31/2 5.56 4.00 4.88 4.50 5s 4.00 STD 40(s) 10.00 0.00647

141.3 101.6 124 114 10s 7.42 XS 80(s) 13.50

5 x 5 x 3 5.56 3.50 4.88 4.38 5s 4.00 XS 80(s) 13.50 0.00637

141.3 88.9 124 111 10s 7.42 160 23.00

STD 40(s) 10.00 XXS 27.71

5 x 5 x 21/2 5.56 2.88 4.88 4.25 5s 4.00 XS 80(s) 13.50 0.00625

141.3 73.0 124 108 10s 7.42 160 23.00

STD 40(s) 10.00 XXS 27.16

5 x 5 x 2 5.56 2.38 4.88 4.12 5s 4.00 XS 80(s) 13.50 0.00614

141.3 60.3 124 105 10s 7.42 160 23.00

STD 40(s) 10.00 XXS 27.16

6 x 6 x 6 6.62 6.62 5.62 5.62 5s 6.35 120 24.00 0.0109

168.3 168.3 143 143 10s 12.35 160 39.50

STD 40(s) 16.00 XXS 47.48

XS 80(s) 19.30

6 x 6 x 5 6.62 5.56 5.62 5.38 5s 6.35 120 24.00 0.0106

168.3 141.3 141 137 10s 12.35 160 32.70

STD 40(s) 16.00 XXS 47.48

6 x 6 x 5 XS 80(s) 19.30

6 x 6 x 4 6.62 4.50 5.62 5.12 5s 6.35 120 24.00 0.0103

168.3 114.3 143 130 10s 12.35 160 32.70

STD 40(s) 14.00 XXS 37.25

XS 80(s) 19.30



M

C C

M

C C


184





6 x 6 x 31/2 6.62 4.00 5.62 5.00 5s 6.35 STD 40(s) 14.00 0.0101

168.3 101.6 143 127 10s 12.35 XS 80(s) 19.30

6 x 6 x 3 6.62 3.50 5.62 4.88 5s 6.35 XS 80(s) 19.30 0.00999

168.3 88.9 143 124 10s 12.35 160 30.85

STD 40(s) 14.00 XXS 37.25

6 x 6 x 21/2 6.62 2.88 5.62 4.75 5s 6.35 XS 80(s) 19.30 0.00983

168.3 73.0 143 121 10s 12.35 160 30.85

STD 40(s) 14.00 XXS 37.25

8 x 8 x 8 8.62 8.62 7.00 7.00 5s 10.70 XS 80(s) 33.00 0.0300

219.1 219.1 178 178 10s 20.00 100 43.60

20 23.00 120 49.50

30 24.60 140 54.00

STD 40(s) 27.00 XXS 68.00

60 31.75 160 70.35

8 x 8 x 6 8.62 6.62 7.00 6.62 5s 10.70 120 49.50 0.0290

219.1 168.3 178 168 10s 20.00 160 55.60

STD 40(s) 27.00 XXS 51.30

XS 80(s) 33.00

8 x 8 x 5 8.62 5.56 7.00 6.38 5s 10.70 120 43.15 0.0283

219.1 141.3 178 162 10s 20.00 XXS 50.40

STD 40(s) 27.00 160 55.60

8 x 8 x 5 XS 80(s) 33.00

8 x 8 x 4 8.62 4.50 7.00 6.12 5s 10.70 120 43.15 0.0276

219.1 114.3 178 156 10s 20.00 XXS 50.40

STD 40(s) 27.00 160 51.00

XS 80(s) 33.00

8 x 8 x 31/2 8.62 4.00 7.00 6.00 5s 10.70 STD 40(s) 27.00 0.0273



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

185





8 x 8 x 31/2 219.1 101.6 178 152 10s 20.00 XS 80s 33.00

10 x 10 x 10 10.75 10.75 8.50 8.50 5s 18.00 80 67.50 0.0560

273.0 273.0 216 216 10s 28.15 100 74.00

20 34.70 120 93.00

30 40.00 XXS 140 98.50

STD 40(s) 41.00 160 120.30

XS 60/80s 58.40

10 x 10 x 8 10.75 8.62 8.50 8.00 5s 17.45 80 65.83 0.0537

273.0 219.1 216 203 10s 26.30 100 73.50

20 33.15 120 88.50

30 38.60 140 95.00

STD 40(s) 39.63 XXS 98.50

XS 80s 53.53 160 113.00

60 53.60

10 x 10 x 6 10.75 6.62 8.50 7.62 5s 17.45 XS 80s 53.53 0.0522

273.0 168.3 216 194 10s 26.30 120 81.70

STD 40(s) 39.63 XXS 90.93

80 49.03 160 102.15

10 x 10 x 5 10.75 5.56 8.50 7.50 5s 17.45 XS 80s 53.53 0.0517

273.0 141.3 216 191 10s 26.30 120 71.25

STD 40(s) 39.63 XXS 79.30

10 x 10 x 5 80 46.30 160 91.25

10 x 10 x 4 10.75 4.50 8.50 7.25 5s 17.45 XS 80s 53.53 0.0507

273.0 114.3 216 184 10s 26.30 120 71.25

STD 40(s) 39.63 XXS 79.30

80 46.30 160 85.00

12 x 12 x 12 12.75 12.75 10.00 10.00 5s 26.00 60 95.00 0.0980

323.8 323.8 254 254 10s 47.45 80 115.00



M

C C

M

C C


186





12 x 12 x 12 20 43.40 100 136.20

30 56.60 XXS 120 150.00

STD 40s 65.00 140 176.50

40 70.50 160 183.85

XS 80s 78.00

12 x 12 x 10 12.75 10.75 10.00 9.50 5s 25.25 60 95.00 0.0889

323.8 273.0 254 241 10s 47.45 80 106.24

20 43.40 100 124.85

30 56.60 120 140.85

STD 40s 63.00 XXS 150.00

40 70.50 140 158.00

XS 80s 78.00 160 163.45

12 x 12 x 8 12.75 8.62 10.00 9.00 5s 25.25 60 77.50 0.0861

323.8 219.1 254 229 10s 46.30 80 83.35

20 41.20 100 122.50

30 54.78 120 128.70

STD 40s 63.00 XXS 129.07

40 67.20 140 140.00

XS 80s 74.82 160 152.30

12 x 12 x 6 12.75 6.62 10.00 8.62 5s 25.25 80 85.35 0.0840

323.8 168.3 254 219 10s 46.30 120 112.15

12 x 12 x 6 STD 40s 63.00 XXS 119.50

40 67.20 160 140.25

XS 80s 74.82

12 x 12 x 5 12.75 5.56 10.00 8.50 5s 25.25 80 85.35 0.0833

323.8 141.3 254 216 10s 46.30 120 102.60

STD 40s 63.00 XXS 119.50

40 67.20 160 140.25

XS 80s 74.82



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

187





14 x 14 x 14 14.00 14.00 11.00 11.00 5s 40.70 60 135.00 0.122

355.6 355.6 279 279 10s 69.90 80 165.00

10 68.00 100 206.00

20 84.00 120 240.00

STD 30 102.00 140 275.00

40 105.00 160 300.00

XS 115.00

14 x 14 x 12 14.00 12.75 11.00 10.62 5s 40.70 60 135.00 0.121

355.6 323.8 279 270 10s 69.90 80 162.28

20 84.00 100 206.00

STD 30 102.00 120 235.00

40 105.00 140 275.00

XS 115.00 160 300.00

14 x 14 x 10 14.00 10.75 11.00 10.12 5s 39.00 60 127.10 0.116

355.6 273.0 279 257 10s 67.20 80 160.00

20 80.50 100 195.00

STD 30 97.60 120 230.00

40 100.00 140 265.00

XS 109.55 160 285.00

14 x 14 x 8 14.00 8.62 11.00 9.75 5s 39.00 60 127.10 0.113

14 x 14 x 8 355.6 219.1 279 248 10s 67.20 80 141.85

20 80.50 100 195.00

STD 30 97.60 120 220.00

40 100.00 140 250.00

XS 109.55 160 270.00

14 x 14 x 6 14.00 6.62 11.00 9.38 5s 39.00 XS 109.55 0.111

355.6 168.3 279 238 10s 67.20 80 141.85

STD 97.60 120 205.00

40 100.00 160 270.00



M

C C

M

C C


188





16 x 16 x 16 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 5s 43.95 60 206.50 0.170

406.4 406.4 305 305 10s 72.65 80 249.00

10 90.80 100 279.00

20 100.00 120 330.00

STD 30 110.00 140 385.00

XS 40 167.00 160 425.00

16 x 16 x 14 16.00 14.00 12.00 12.00 5s 43.95 60 206.50 0.170

406.4 355.6 305 305 10s 72.65 80 230.00

10 90.80 100 279.00

20 100.00 120 320.00

STD 30 110.00 140 360.00

XS 40 167.00 160 410.00

16 x 16 x 12 16.00 12.75 12.00 11.62 5s 43.95 80 181.60 0.165

406.4 323.8 305 295 10s 72.65 100 270.68

20 100.00 120 310.00

STD 30 110.00 140 340.00

XS 40 164.00 160 385.00

60 180.50

16 x 16 x 10 16.00 10.75 12.00 11.12 5s 42.70 80 163.89 0.161

16 x 16 x 10 406.4 273.0 305 283 10s 70.80 100 266.50

20 98.00 120 295.00

STD 30 106.50 140 310.00

XS 40 160.00 160 360.00

60 162.75

16 x 16 x 8 16.00 8.62 12.00 10.75 5s 42.70 80 163.89 0.158

406.4 219.1 305 273 10s 70.80 100 258.20

20 98.00 120 280.00

STD 30 106.50 140 295.00

XS 40 160.00 160 298.00

60 160.25



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

189





16 x 16 x 6 16.00 6.62 12.00 10.38 5s 42.70 80 163.89 0.155

406.4 168.3 305 264 10s 70.80 120 250.00

STD 106.50 160 295.00

XS 40 160.00

18 x 18 x 18 18.00 18.00 13.50 13.50 5s 53.95 40 237.45 0.243

457 457 343 343 10s 101.70 60 277.00

10 93.10 80 322.00

20 127.00 100 335.00

STD 135.00 120 450.00

30 164.00 140 500.00

XS 190.00 160 590.00

18 x 18 x 16 18.00 16.00 13.50 13.00 5s 53.95 40 237.45 0.235

457 406.4 343 330 10s 101.70 60 256.50

10 93.10 80 278.87

20 127.00 100 335.00

STD 135.00 120 440.00

30 164.00 140 475.00

XS 190.00 160 550.00

18 x 18 x 14 18.00 14.00 13.50 13.00 5s 53.95 40 192.95 0.235

457 355.6 343 330 10s 101.70 60 212.50

10 93.10 80 258.00

20 127.00 100 327.00

STD 135.00 120 420.00

30 164.00 140 455.00

XS 190.00 160 520.00

18 x 18 x 12 18.00 12.75 13.50 12.62 5s 53.95 40 192.95 0.231

457 323.8 343 321 10s 101.70 60 212.50

20 127.00 80 233.90

STD 135.00 100 286.50

30 154.00 120 400.00

XS 164.00 140 410.00



M

C C

M

C C


190





18 x 18 x 12 160 500.00

18 x 18 x 10 18.00 10.75 13.50 12.12 5s 51.60 60 187.00 0.225

457 273.0 343 308 10s 98.00 80 224.85

20 123.00 100 286.50

STD 129.00 120 375.00

30 140.00 140 385.00

40 149.15 160 475.00

XS 154.00

18 x 18 x 8 18.00 8.62 13.50 11.75 5s 51.60 60 187.00 0.221

457 219.1 343 298 10s 98.00 80 203.50

20 123.00 100 273.30

STD 129.00 120 340.00

30 140.00 140 360.00

40 149.15 160 455.00

XS 154.00

20 x 20 x 20 20.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 5s 67.20 60 378.65 0.329

508 508 381 381 10s 84.95 80 459.00

10 112.00 100 540.00

STD 20 168.00 120 590.00

XS 30 245.00 140 720.00

40 320.00 160 790.00

20 x 20 x 18 20.00 18.00 15.00 14.50 5s 67.20 60 350.00 0.328

508 457 381 368 10s 84.95 80 405.42

10 112.00 100 540.00

STD 20 168.00 120 570.00

XS 30 218.00 140 680.00

40 265.10 160 770.00

20 x 20 x 16 20.00 16.00 15.00 14.00 5s 67.20 60 322.35 0.327



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

191





20 x 20 x 16 508 406.4 381 356 10s 84.95 80 350.50

10 112.00 100 470.00

STD 20 168.00 120 550.00

XS 30 218.00 140 630.00

40 230.00 160 750.00

20 x 20 x 14 20.00 14.00 15.00 14.00 5s 65.40 60 292.00 0.327

508 355.6 381 356 10s 82.95 80 319.15

10 109.45 100 470.00

STD 20 163.50 120 530.00

XS 30 214.00 140 590.00

40 224.00 160 725.00

20 x 20 x 12 20.00 12.75 15.00 13.62 5s 65.40 80 319.15 0.326

508 323.8 381 346 10s 82.95 100 450.00

STD 20 163.50 120 500.00

XS 30 214.00 140 540.00

40 224.00 160 700.00

20 x 20 x 12 60 292.00

20 x 20 x 10 20.00 10.75 15.00 13.12 5s 65.40 80 298.25 0.305

508 273.0 381 333 10s 80.45 100 420.00

STD 20 163.50 120 475.00

XS 30 214.00 140 500.00

40 220.00 160 680.00

60 286.00

20 x 20 x 8 20.00 8.62 15.00 12.75 5s 65.40 80 228.25 0.300

508 219.1 381 324 10s 80.45 100 390.00

STD 20 163.50 120 430.00

XS 30 214.00 140 450.00

40 220.20 160 660.00

60 223.85



M

C C

M

C C


192





22 x 22 x 22 22.00 22.00 16.50 16.50 5s 80.90 60 511.06 0.438

559 559 419 419 10s 119.50 80 657.34

10 146.00 100 803.16

STD 20 220.00 120 949.45

XS 30 280.00 140 1095.50

160 1241.00

22 x 22 x 20 22.00 20.00 16.50 16.00 5s 79.50 80 657.34 0.430

559 508 419 406 10s 101.45 100 803.16

10 146.00 120 949.45

STD 20 220.00 140 1095.50

XS 30 280.00 160 1241.00

60 511.06

22 x 22 x 18 22.00 18.00 16.50 15.50 5s 80.80 80 657.34 0.422

559 457 419 394 10s 101.45 100 803.16

10 139.40 120 949.45

22 x 22 x 18 STD 20 220.00 140 1095.50

XS 30 260.00 160 1241.00

60 511.06

22 x 22 x 16 22.00 16.00 16.50 15.00 5s 79.00 60 511.06 0.414

559 406.4 419 381 10s 89.60 80 657.34

10 139.40 100 803.16

20 170.00 120 949.45

STD 209.00 140 1095.50

XS 30 260.00 160 1241.00

22 x 22 x14 22.00 14.00 16.50 15.00 5s 79.00 60 481.60 0.414

559 355.6 419 381 10s 89.60 80 619.00

10 111.50 100 757.00

20 170.00 120 984.90

STD 172.50 140 1032.50

XS 30 245.00 160 1040.00



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

193





22 x 22 x12 22.00 12.75 16.50 14.62 5s 77.20 80 619.00 0.408

559 323.8 419 371 10s 89.60 100 757.00

20 170.00 120 894.90

STD 172.50 140 1032.50

XS 30 245.00 160 1040.00

60 481.60

22 x 22 x 10 22.00 10.75 16.50 14.12 5s 77.20 80 619.00 0.400

559 273.0 419 359 10s 89.60 100 757.00

20 170.00 120 894.90

STD 172.50 140 1032.50

XS 30 245.00 160 1040.00

60 481.60

24 x 24 x 24 24.00 24.00 17.00 17.00 5s 95.90 60 653.75 0.453

24 x 24 x 24 610 610 432 432 10s 153.25 80 748.00

10 160.00 100 910.00

STD 20 240.00 120 1100.00

XS 350.00 140 1180.00

30 373.00 160 1310.00

40 570.65

24 x 24 x 22 24.00 22.00 17.00 17.00 5s 94.50 60 653.75 0.453

610 559 432 432 10s 134.50 80 748.00

10 140.40 100 910.00

STD 20 237.00 120 1100.00

XS 350.00 140 1180.00

30 373.00 160 1310.00

24 x 24 x 20 24.00 20.00 17.00 17.00 5s 90.80 60 544.80 0.453

610 508 432 432 10s 116.45 80 606.10

10 123.90 100 910.00

STD 20 227.00 120 1060.00

XS 350.00 140 1140.00



M

C C

M

C C


194





24 x 24 x 20 30 373.00 160 1270.00

40 390.45

24 x 24 x 18 24.00 18.00 17.00 16.50 5s 90.80 60 471.50 0.427

610 457 432 419 10s 116.45 80 533.25

10 123.90 100 815.00

STD 20 227.00 120 1040.00

XS 320.00 140 1090.00

30 340.00 160 1210.00

40 389.50

24 x 24 x 16 24.00 16.00 17.00 16.00 5s 89.00 60 426.75 0.419

610 406.4 432 406 10s 96.60 80 490.55

24 x 24 x 16 10 98.10 100 815.00

STD 20 222.00 120 1010.00

XS 320.00 140 1040.00

30 340.00 160 1180.00

40 368.75

24 x 24 x 14 24.00 14.00 17.00 16.00 5s 89.00 60 426.75 0.419

610 355.6 432 406 10s 96.60 80 490.55

10 98.10 100 770.00

STD 20 222.00 120 1000.00

XS 300.00 140 1050.00

30 320.00 160 1140.00

40 368.75

24 x 24 x 12 24.00 12.75 17.00 15.62 5s 87.20 60 389.00 0.414

610 323.8 432 397 10s 96.60 80 451.96

STD 20 218.00 100 700.00

XS 300.00 120 950.00

30 320.00 140 980.00

40 367.80 160 1090.00



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

195





24 x 24 x 10 24.00 10.75 17.00 15.12 5s 87.20 60 389.00 0.406

610 273.0 432 384 10s 95.60 80 451.96

STD 20 204.00 100 635.00

XS 300.00 120 920.00

30 320.00 140 950.00

40 367.80 160 1040.00

26 x 26 x 26 26.00 26.00 19.50 19.50 10 239.28 XS 20 360.20 0.612

660 660 495 495 STD 287.60

26 x 26 x 24 26.00 24.00 19.50 19.00 10 234.00 XS 20 349.70 0.596

660 610 495 483 STD 279.40

26 x 26 x 22 26.00 22.00 19.50 18.50 10 234.00 XS 20 339.70 0.586

660 559 495 470 STD 271.20

26 x 26 x 20 26.00 20.00 19.50 18.00 10 219.20 XS 20 330.20 0.577

660 508 495 457 STD 263.50

26 x 26 x 18 26.00 18.00 19.50 17.50 10 212.10 XS 20 320.20 0.567

660 457 495 444 STD 254.90

26 x 26 x 16 26.00 16.00 19.50 17.00 10 205.30 XS 20 310.30 0.558

660 406.4 495 432 STD 246.80

26 x 26 x 14 26.00 14.00 19.50 17.00 10 198.80 XS 20 300.30 0.558

660 355.6 495 432 STD 239.00

26 x 26 x 12 26.00 12.75 19.50 16.62 STD 234.10 XS 20 294.40 0.551

660 323.8 495 422

28 x 28 x 28 28.00 28.00 20.50 20.50 10 280.38 XS 20 421.10 0.757

711 711 521 521 STD 337.00 30 526.25

28 x 28 x 26 28.00 26.00 20.50 20.50 10 270.56 XS 20 410.50 0.727



M

C C

M

C C


196





28 x 28 x 26 711 660 521 521 STD 325.20

28 x 28 x 24 28.00 24.00 20.50 20.00 10 266.00 XS 20 400.50 0.716

711 610 521 508 STD 319.80 30 480.00

28 x 28 x 22 28.00 22.00 20.50 19.50 10 258.50 XS 20 390.00 0.706

711 559 521 495 STD 310.70 30 461.00

28 x 28 x 20 28.00 20.00 20.50 19.00 10 250.90 XS 20 380.00 0.695

711 508 521 483 STD 301.60 30 461.00

28 x 28 x 18 28.00 18.00 20.50 18.50 10 243.00 XS 20 368.80 0.685

711 457 521 470 STD 292.10 30 461.00

28 x 28 x 16 28.00 16.00 20.50 18.00 10 235.50 XS 20 357.00 0.674

711 406.4 521 457 STD 283.00 30 450.00

28 x 28 x 14 28.00 14.00 20.50 18.00 10 228.00 XS 20 346.00 0.674

711 355.6 521 457 STD 274.00 30 450.00

28 x 28 x 12 28.00 12.75 20.50 17.62 10 221.00 XS 20 341.00 0.666

711 323.8 521 448 STD 274.00 30 450.00

30 x 30 x 30 30.00 30.00 22.00 22.00 5s 155.02 STD 387.80 0.896

762 762 559 559 10s 247.65 XS 20 483.10

10 322.64 30 603.75

30 x 30 x 28 30.00 28.00 22.00 21.50 10 314.74 XS 20 471.70 0.884

762 711 559 546 STD 378.30 30 566.00

30 x 30 x 26 30.00 26.00 22.00 21.50 10 308.33 XS 20 462.70 0.884

762 660 559 546 STD 370.60

30 x 30 x 24 30.00 24.00 22.00 21.00 10 300.00 XS 20 451.30 0.872



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

197





30 x 30 x 24 762 610 559 533 STD 360.60 30 541.50

30 x 30 x 22 30.00 22.00 22.00 20.50 10 291.35 XS 20 440.00 0.860

762 559 559 521 STD 350.20 30 500.00

30 x 30 x 20 30.00 20.00 22.00 20.00 10 282.65 XS 20 428.60 0.848

762 508 559 508 STD 339.70 30 500.00

30 x 30 x 18 30.00 18.00 22.00 19.50 10 274.40 XS 20 417.30 0.836

762 457 559 495 STD 329.80 30 500.00

30 x 30 x 16 30.00 16.00 22.00 19.00 10 265.65 XS 20 403.70 0.824

762 406.4 559 483 STD 319.30 30 470.00

30 x 30 x 14 30.00 14.00 22.00 19.00 10 257.00 XS 20 392.40 0.824

762 355.6 559 483 STD 308.90 30 470.00

30 x 30 x 12 30.00 12.75 22.00 18.62 10 249.00 XS 20 381.20 0.814

762 323.8 559 473 STD 298.90 30 465.00

30 x 30 x 10 30.00 10.75 22.00 18.12 10 241.00 XS 20 360.00 0.802

762 273.0 559 460 STD 289.00 30 465.00

32 x 32 x 32 32.00 32.00 23.50 23.50 10 375.23 30 698.75 1.090

813 813 597 597 STD 451.00 40 768.60

XS 20 559.00

32 x 32 x 30 32.00 30.00 23.50 23.00 10 365.10 XS 20 543.40 1.077

813 762 597 584 STD 441.40 30 651.60

32 x 32 x 28 32.00 28.00 23.50 22.50 10 357.00 XS 20 536.20 1.063

813 711 597 572 STD 429.10 30 643.44

32 x 32 x 26 32.00 26.00 23.50 22.50 10 349.85 XS 20 526.20 1.063

813 660 597 572 STD 420.50



M

C C

M

C C


198





32 x 32 x 24 32.00 24.00 23.50 22.00 10 341.10 XS 20 513.50 1.049

813 610 597 559 STD 410.00 30 616.20

32 x 32 x 22 32.00 22.00 23.50 21.50 10 339.90 XS 20 500.55 1.035

813 559 597 546 STD 408.00 30 601.55

32 x 32 x 20 32.00 20.00 23.50 21.00 10 337.70 XS 20 487.60 1.021

813 508 597 533 STD 406.00 30 585.10

32 x 32 x 18 32.00 18.00 23.50 20.50 10 324.50 XS 20 475.00 1.008

813 457 597 521 STD 390.00 30 570.00

32 x 32 x 16 32.00 16.00 23.50 20.00 10 316.95 XS 20 461.00 0.994

813 406.4 597 508 STD 381.00 30 553.20

32 x 32 x 14 32.00 14.00 23.50 20.00 10 310.75 XS 20 448.50 0.994

813 355.6 597 508 STD 372.00 30 548.10

34 X 34 X 34 34.00 34.00 25.00 25.00 10 428.72 30 805.13 1.310

864 864 635 635 STD 515.30 40 885.65

XS 20 644.10

34 x 34 x 32 34.00 32.00 25.00 24.50 10 419.25 XS 20 630.50 1.295

864 813 635 622 STD 503.90 30 788.10

34 x 34 x 30 34.00 30.00 25.00 24.00 10 409.40 XS 20 614.60 1.279

864 762 635 610 STD 492.10 30 768.20

34 x 34 x 28 34.00 28.00 25.00 23.50 10 399.70 XS 20 601.00 1.264

864 711 635 597 STD 480.40 30 751.25

34 x 34 x 26 34.00 26.00 25.00 23.50 10 392.10 XS 20 589.70 1.264

864 660 635 597 STD 471.30

34 x 34 x 24 34.00 24.00 25.00 23.00 10 382.30 XS 20 576.10 1.248



M

C C

M

C C


TeesASME B16.9

199





34 x 34 x 24 864 610 635 584 STD 459.50 30 720.13

34 x 34 x 22 34.00 22.00 25.00 22.50 10 372.10 XS 20 562.50 1.232

864 559 635 572 STD 447.20 30 666.10

34 x 34 x 20 34.00 20.00 25.00 22.00 10 361.90 XS 20 546.60 1.217

864 508 635 559 STD 435.40 30 666.10

34 x 34 x 18 34.00 18.00 25.00 21.50 10 354.30 XS 20 532.90 1.201

864 457 635 546 STD 423.20 30 660.10

34 x 34 x 16 34.00 16.00 25.00 21.00 10 342.60 XS 20 519.40 1.186

864 406.4 635 533 STD 411.40 30 650.00

36 x 36 x 36 36.00 36.00 26.50 26.50 10 488.30 30 912.88 1.558

914 914 673 673 STD 586.90 40 1004.17

XS 20 730.30

36 x 36 x 34 36.00 34.00 26.50 26.00 10 477.00 XS 20 714.40 1.541

914 864 673 660 STD 573.30 30 893.00

36 x 36 x 32 36.00 32.00 26.50 25.50 10 466.83 XS 20 698.50 1.523

914 813 673 648 STD 561.10 30 873.10

36 x 36 x 30 36.00 30.00 26.50 25.00 10 455.50 XS 20 684.90 1.506

914 762 673 635 STD 547.50 30 856.25

36 x 36 x 28 36.00 28.00 26.50 24.50 10 455.70 XS 20 669.00 1.488

914 711 673 622 STD 535.70 30 836.25

36 x 36 x 26 36.00 26.00 26.50 24.50 10 437.10 XS 20 653.20 1.488

914 660 673 622 STD 525.30

36 x 36 x 24 36.00 24.00 26.50 24.00 10 426.10 XS 20 641.80 1.471

914 610 673 610 STD 512.10 30 802.50



M

C C

M

C C


200





36 x 36 x 22 36.00 22.00 26.50 23.50 10 415.15 XS 20 626.00 1.453

914 559 673 597 STD 499.00 30 782.50

36 x 36 x 20 36.00 20.00 26.50 23.00 10 404.65 XS 20 610.10 1.436

914 508 673 584 STD 486.30 30 762.60

36 x 36 x 18 36.00 18.00 26.50 22.50 10 394.03 XS 20 596.50 1.418

914 457 673 572 STD 473.60 30 745.60

36 x 36 x 16 36.00 16.00 26.50 22.00 10 383.00 XS 20 580.60 1.401

914 406.4 673 559 STD 460.40 30 725.70

The following are equal tees only, but please note that reducing tees are also available.

38 x 38 x 38 38.00 38.00 28.00 28.00 STD 638.00 XS 812.00 1.709

965 965 711 711

40 x 40 x 40 40.00 40.00 29.50 29.50 STD 690.00 XS 895.00 2.082

1016 1016 749 749

42 x 42 x 42 42.00 42.00 30.00 28.00 STD 795.00 XS 1045.00 2.456

1067 1067 762 711

44 x 44 x 44 44.00 44.00 32.00 30.00 STD 899.00 XS 1194.00 2.652

1118 1118 813 762

46 x 46 x 46 46.00 46.00 33.50 31.50 STD 1007.00 XS 1346.00 2.920

1168 1168 851 800

48 x 48 x 48 48.00 48.00 35.00 33.00 STD 1113.00 XS 1499.00 3.708

1219 1219 889 838



M

C C

M

C C


ReducersASME B16.9

201

Steel FittingsConcentric and Eccentric Reducers

NB Outside Diameter End to End Designation/ Weight1 Designation/ Weight1 Designation/ Weight1

Large Small H Schedule Schedule Schedule

in in/mm in/mm in/mm kg kg kg3/4 x 1/2 1.05 0.84 1.50 5s 0.03 STD 40(s) 0.07 160 0.13

26.7 21.3 38 10s 0.03 XS 80(s) 0.10 XXS 0.17

3/4 x 3/8 1.05 0.68 1.50 5s 0.03 STD 40(s) 0.06 160 0.11

26.7 17.3 38 10s 0.03 XS 80(s) 0.09 XXS 0.15

1 x 3/4 1.32 1.05 2.00 5s 0.05 STD 40(s) 0.14 160 0.22

33.4 26.7 51 10s 0.10 XS 80(s) 0.17 XXS 0.38

1 x 1/2 1.32 0.84 2.00 5s 0.05 STD 40(s) 0.14 160 0.22

33.4 21.3 51 10s 0.09 XS 80(s) 0.16 XXS 0.38

11/4 x 1 1.66 1.32 2.00 5s 0.07 STD 40(s) 0.18 160 0.28

42.2 33.4 51 10s 0.09 XS 80(s) 0.22 XXS 0.38

11/4 x 3/4 1.66 1.05 2.00 5s 0.07 STD 40(s) 0.18 160 0.28

42.2 26.7 51 10s 0.09 XS 80(s) 0.22 XXS 0.38

11/4 x 1/2 1.66 0.84 2.00 5s 0.07 STD 40(s) 0.18 160 0.28

42.2 21.3 51 10s 0.09 XS 80(s) 0.22 XXS 0.38

11/2 x 11/4 1.90 1.66 2.50 5s 0.12 STD 40(s) 0.26 160 0.60

48.3 42.2 64 10s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.35 XXS 0.79

11/2 x 1 1.90 1.32 2.50 5s 0.12 STD 40(s) 0.24 160 0.55

48.3 33.4 64 10s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.31 XXS 0.73

11/2 x 3/4 1.90 1.05 2.50 5s 0.12 STD 40(s) 0.22 160 0.51

48.3 26.7 64 10s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.27 XXS 0.67

11/2 x 1/2 1.90 0.84 2.50 5s 0.10 STD 40(s) 0.20 160 0.46

48.3 21.3 64 10s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.28 XXS 0.61

1 Weights are not specified. These are approximate for shipping purposes.Weight Measure = Large OD x Large OD x H with the dimensions in meters ie divide the mm values in the tables by 1000.MSS-SP-75 fittings have different tolerances so weights may differ slightly.


H H

Dimensions and WeightsSteel FittingsReducersASME B16.9

202

Concentric and Eccentric Reducers



in in/mm in/mm in/mm kg kg kg

2 x 11/2 2.38 1.90 3.00 5s 0.15 STD 40(s) 0.41 160 1.04

60.3 48.3 76 10s 0.27 XS 80(s) 0.54 XXS 1.26

2 x 11/4 2.38 1.66 3.00 5s 0.15 STD 40(s) 0.39 160 0.99

60.3 42.2 76 10s 0.23 XS 80(s) 0.53 XXS 1.20

2 x 1 2.38 1.32 3.00 5s 0.15 STD 40(s) 0.37 160 0.94

60.3 33.4 76 10s 0.23 XS 80(s) 0.45 XXS 1.14

2 x 3/4 2.38 1.05 3.00 5s 0.15 STD 40(s) 0.33 160 0.84

60.3 26.7 76 10s 0.22 XS 80(s) 0.46 XXS 1.02

21/2 x 2 2.88 2.38 3.50 5s 0.32 STD 40(s) 0.73 160 1.65

73.0 60.3 89 10s 0.43 XS 80(s) 0.94 XXS 2.26

21/2 x 11/2 2.88 1.90 3.50 5s 0.32 STD 40(s) 0.68 160 1.53

73.0 48.3 89 10s 0.39 XS 80(s) 0.86 XXS 2.09

21/2 x 11/4 2.88 1.66 3.50 5s 0.32 STD 40(s) 0.67 160 1.52

73.0 42.2 89 10s 0.38 XS 80(s) 0.79 XXS 2.07

21/2 x 1 2.88 1.32 3.50 5s 0.32 STD 40(s) 0.59 160 1.33

73.0 33.4 89 10s 0.36 XS 80(s) 0.79 XXS 1.82

3 x 21/2 3.50 2.88 3.50 5s 0.40 STD 40(s) 0.98 160 2.40

88.9 73.0 89 10s 0.52 XS 80(s) 1.29 XXS 3.12

3 x 2 3.50 2.38 3.50 5s 0.40 STD 40(s) 0.91 160 2.23

88.9 60.3 89 10s 0.48 XS 80(s) 1.18 XXS 2.90

3 x 11/2 3.50 1.90 3.50 5s 0.40 STD 40(s) 0.86 160 2.12

88.9 48.3 89 10s 0.45 XS 80(s) 1.04 XXS 2.76

3 x 11/4 3.50 1.66 3.50 5s 0.40 STD 40(s) 0.77 160 1.89

88.9 42.2 89 10s 0.50 XS 80(s) 1.04 XXS 2.46



H H


ReducersASME B16.9

203





31/2 x 3 4.00 3.50 4.00 5s 0.53 STD 40(s) 1.38

101.6 88.9 102 10s 0.66 XS 80(s) 1.85

31/2 x 21/2 4.00 2.88 4.00 5s 0.53 STD 40(s) 1.34

101.6 73.0 102 10s 0.66 XS 80(s) 1.75

31/2 x 2 4.00 2.38 4.00 5s 0.53 STD 40(s) 1.23

101.6 60.3 102 10s 0.66 XS 80(s) 1.61

31/2 x 11/2 4.00 1.90 4.00 5s 0.53 STD 40(s) 1.14

101.6 48.3 102 10s 0.66 XS 80(s) 1.43

31/2 x 11/4 4.00 1.66 4.00 5s 0.53 STD 40(s) 1.07

101.6 42.2 102 10s 0.66 XS 80(s) 1.27

4 x 31/2 4.50 4.00 4.00 5s 0.65 STD 40(s) 1.64

114.3 101.6 102 10s 0.82 XS 80(s) 2.21

4 x 3 4.50 3.50 4.00 5s 0.65 STD 40(s) 1.59 160 4.38

114.3 88.9 102 10s 0.76 XS 80(s) 2.13 XXS 5.35

4 x 21/2 4.50 2.88 4.00 5s 0.65 STD 40(s) 1.52 160 4.21

114.3 73.0 102 10s 0.71 XS 80(s) 2.01 XXS 5.14

4 x 2 4.50 2.38 4.00 5s 0.65 STD 40(s) 1.44 160 3.97

114.3 60.3 102 10s 0.67 XS 80(s) 1.78 XXS 4.85

4 x 11/2 4.50 1.90 4.00 5s 0.61 STD 40(s) 1.24 160 3.42

114.3 48.3 102 10s 0.63 XS 80(s) 1.73 XXS 4.18

5 x 4 5.56 4.50 5.00 5s 1.10 XS 80(s) 3.78 XXS 8.68

141.3 114.3 127 10s 1.35 120 6.09

STD 40(s) 2.72 160 7.41



H H


204





5 x 31/2 5.56 4.00 5.00 5s 1.10 STD 40(s) 2.66

141.3 101.6 127 10s 1.35 XS 80(s) 3.65

5 x 3 5.56 3.50 5.00 5s 1.10 STD 40(s) 2.60 160 7.10

141.3 88.9 127 10s 1.35 XS 80(s) 3.55 XXS 8.31

5 x 21/2 5.56 2.88 5.00 5s 1.05 STD 40(s) 2.51 160 6.68

141.3 73.0 127 10s 1.25 XS 80(s) 3.31 XXS 7.80

5 x 2 5.56 2.38 5.00 5s 1.05 STD 40(s) 2.29 160 6.23

141.3 60.3 127 10s 1.25 XS 80(s) 3.00 XXS 7.29

6 x 5 6.62 5.56 5.50 5s 1.60 XS 80(s) 5.72 XXS 12.64

168.3 141.3 140 10s 2.00 120 8.65

STD 40(s) 3.93 160 10.78

6 x 4 6.62 4.50 5.50 5s 1.60 XS 80(s) 5.45 XXS 11.98

168.3 114.3 140 10s 1.65 120 8.20

STD 40(s) 3.72 160 10.22

6 x 31/2 6.62 4.00 5.50 5s 1.55 STD 40(s) 3.69

168.3 101.6 140 10s 1.95 XS 80(s) 5.27

6 x 3 6.62 3.50 5.50 5s 1.50 STD 40(s) 3.63 160 9.93

168.3 88.9 140 10s 1.53 XS 80(s) 5.04 XXS 11.64

6 x 21/2 6.62 2.88 5.50 5s 1.35 STD 40(s) 3.45 160 9.46

168.3 73.0 140 10s 1.41 XS 80(s) 4.52 XXS 11.09

8 x 6 8.82 6.62 6.00 5s 2.60 XS 80(s) 9.26 160 18.43

219.1 168.3 152 10s 2.72 120 14.99

STD 40(s) 6.31 XXS 17.88

8 x 5 8.62 5.56 6.00 5s 2.60 XS 80(s) 8.85 160 17.76

219.1 141.3 152 10s 2.72 120 14.44

STD 40(s) 6.08 XXS 17.22



H H


ReducersASME B16.9

205





8 x 4 8.62 4.50 6.00 5s 2.55 STD 40(s) 5.95 120 14.03

219.1 114.3 152 10s 2.63 XS 80(s) 8.44 XXS 16.73

160 17.25

8 x 31/2 8.62 4.00 6.00 5s 2.50 STD 40(s) 5.81

219.1 101.6 152 10s 2.57 XS 80(s) 7.31

10 x 8 10.75 8.62 7.00 5s 4.30 STD 40(s) 10.50 100 21.65

273.0 219.1 178 10s 4.49 60 13.50 120 25.09

20 7.89 XS 80(s) 14.20 XXS 140 29.27

30 9.62 80 18.10 160 32.50

10 x 6 10.75 6.62 7.00 5s 4.00 XS 80s 13.50 XXS 28.99

273.0 168.3 178 10s 4.14 80 17.93 160 32.19

STD 40(s) 10.10 120 24.85

10 x 5 10.75 5.56 7.00 5s 3.90 XS 80s 13.00 XXS 28.44

273.0 141.3 178 10s 3.94 80 17.59 160 31.58

STD 40(s) 9.90 120 24.38

10 x 4 10.75 4.50 7.00 5s 3.70 XS 80s 11.50 XXS 27.61

273.0 114.3 178 10s 3.82 80 17.08 160 30.66

STD 40(s) 9.58 120 23.67

12 x 10 12.75 10.75 8.00 5s 6.00 STD 40s 15.20 80 29.48

323.8 273.0 203 10s 6.78 40 17.80 100 35.70

20 11.10 XS 80s 19.80 XXS 120 41.73

30 14.56 60 24.33 140 46.25

160 53.31

12 x 8 12.75 8.62 8.00 5s 5.90 STD 40s 14.60 80 28.41

323.8 219.1 203 10s 6.31 40 17.15 100 34.40

20 10.70 XS 80s 19.08 XXS 120 40.22

30 14.03 60 23.45 140 44.76

160 51.37



H H


206





12 x 6 12.75 6.62 8.00 5s 5.70 40 16.50 XXS 120 38.70

323.8 168.3 203 10s 5.92 XS 80s 18.40 160 49.43

STD 40s 14.10 80 27.34

12 x 5 12.75 5.56 8.00 5s 6.00 40 16.18 XXS 120 37.94

323.8 141.3 203 10s 7.70 XS 80s 17.70 160 48.46

STD 40s 13.80 80 26.80

14 x 12 14.00 12.75 13.00 5s 10.75 30 30.57 80 59.47

355.6 323.8 330 10s 13.00 40 35.55 100 73.32

20 25.56 XS 80s 37.70 120 84.50

STD 40s 28.80 60 47.65 140 95.37

160 105.96

14 x 10 14.00 10.75 13.00 5s 10.65 30 28.97 80 56.34

355.6 273.0 330 10s 12.10 40 33.67 100 69.47

20 24.21 XS 80s 36.10 120 80.05

STD 27.40 60 45.14 140 90.35

160 100.39

14 x 8 14.00 8.62 13.00 5s 10.55 30 27.62 80 53.74

355.6 219.1 330 10s 11.20 40 32.12 100 66.25

20 23.09 XS 80s 34.90 120 76.34

STD 40s 26.00 60 43.05 140 86.17

160 95.74

14 x 6 14.00 6.62 13.00 5s 9.75 40 31.18 120 74.12

355.6 168.3 330 10s 10.33 XS 80s 33.70 160 92.95

STD 40s 25.30 80 52.17

16 x 14 16.00 14.00 14.00 5s 13.25 30 36.50 100 95.87

406.4 355.6 356 10s 15.81 XS 80s 46.30 120 111.93

10 24.53 40 48.28 140 130.45

20 30.49 60 62.52 160 143.06

STD 40s 35.21 80 79.68



H H


ReducersASME B16.9

207





16 x 12 16.00 12.75 14.00 5s 13.05 XS 80s 45.00 120 109.89

406.4 323.8 356 10s 15.22 40 47.40 140 128.08

20 29.94 60 61.39 160 140.45

STD 40s 34.30 80 78.24

30 35.83 100 94.12

16 x 10 16.00 10.75 14.00 5s 12.75 XS 80s 43.70 120 105.82

406.4 273.0 356 10s 14.41 40 45.65 140 123.33

20 28.83 60 59.11 160 135.25

STD 40s 33.10 80 75.34

30 34.51 100 90.64

16 x 8 16.00 8.62 14.00 5s 12.55 XS 80s 42.60 120 101.75

406.4 219.1 356 10s 13.63 40 43.89 140 118.59

20 27.72 60 56.84 160 130.05

STD 40s 31.90 80 72.44

30 33.18 100 87.15

18 x 16 18.00 16.00 15.00 5s 16.00 30 50.35 100 127.46

457 406.4 381 10s 19.19 XS 80s 55.80 120 149.63

10 29.04 40 64.15 140 168.07

20 36.13 60 84.68 160 189.08

STD 40s 42.70 80 104.76

18 x 14 18.00 14.00 15.00 5s 16.00 30 48.95 100 123.92

457 355.6 381 10s 18.21 XS 80s 54.50 120 145.48

10 28.23 40 62.37 140 163.40

20 35.12 60 82.33 160 183.82

STD 40s 41.30 80 101.85

18 x 12 18.00 12.75 15.00 5s 15.95 XS 80s 53.60 120 142.71

457 323.8 381 10s 17.62 40 61.18 140 160.29

20 34.45 60 80.76 160 180.32

STD 40s 40.50 80 99.91

30 48.02 100 121.56



H H


208





18 x 10 18.00 10.75 15.00 5s 15.85 XS 80s 51.80 120 138.55

457 273.0 381 10s 17.00 40 59.40 140 155.62

20 33.45 60 78.41 160 175.07

STD 40s 39.40 80 97.00

30 46.62 100 118.02

20 x 18 20.00 18.00 20.00 5s 23.80 30 83.52 100 205.41

508 457 508 10s 33.10 XS 80s 84.40 120 237.71

10 42.62 40 98.74 140 350.00

20 63.04 60 133.46 160 370.00

STD 40s 64.50 80 167.52

20 x 16 20.00 16.00 20.00 5s 22.80 30 81.15 100 199.59

508 406.4 508 10s 31.71 XS 80s 82.60 120 230.98

10 41.10 40 95.94 140 350.00

20 61.25 60 129.69 160 370.00

STD 40s 62.60 80 162.80

20 x 14 20.00 14.00 20.00 5s 22.80 30 79.58 100 195.72

508 355.6 508 10s 29.75 XS 80s 81.30 120 226.49

10 40.30 40 94.08 140 350.00

20 60.07 60 127.17 160 370.00

STD 40s 61.30 80 159.62

20 x 12 20.00 12.75 20.00 5s 22.80 XS 80s 79.90 120 224.25

508 323.8 508 10s 29.75 40 93.15 140 320.00

20 59.47 60 125.91 160 340.00

STD 40s 60.80 80 158.04

30 78.79 100 193.78

22 x 20 22.00 20.00 20.00 5s 26.30 30 92.08 100 242.93

559 508 508 10s 33.05 XS 80s 94.00 120 320.00

10 52.28 40 125.21 140 390.00

20 69.47 60 158.33 160 475.00

STD 40s 71.30 80 201.18



H H


ReducersASME B16.9

209





22 x 18 22.00 18.00 20.00 5s 26.10 30 90.34 100 238.35

559 457 508 10s 32.90 XS 80s 92.70 120 320.00

10 51.29 40 122.84 140 390.00

20 68.16 60 155.34 160 475.00

STD 40s 69.90 80 197.37

22 x 16 22.00 16.00 20.00 5s 25.90 30 88.61 100 233.76

559 406.4 508 10s 32.30 XS 80s 89.90 120 320.00

10 50.31 40 120.49 140 390.00

20 66.85 60 152.36 160 465.00

STD 40s 68.50 80 193.58

22 x 14 22.00 14.00 20.00 5s 25.80 30 86.87 100 229.18

559 355.6 508 10s 32.20 XS 80s 88.50 120 290.00

10 49.32 40 118.12 140 370.00

20 65.54 60 149.37 160 450.00

STD 40s 67.20 80 189.78

24 x 22 24.00 22.00 20.00 5s 28.70 XS 80s 99.90 100 289.11

610 559 508 10s 36.32 30 110.71 120 394.00

10 55.95 40 149.14 140 570.00

20 74.46 60 187.56 160 610.00

STD 40s 75.80 80 233.39

24 x 20 24.00 20.00 20.00 5s 28.60 XS 80s 99.90 100 289.11

610 508 508 10s 36.10 30 110.71 120 394.00

10 55.95 40 134.79 140 570.00

20 74.46 60 187.56 160 610.00

STD 40s 75.80 80 233.39

24 x 18 24.00 18.00 20.00 5s 28.40 XS 80s 97.60 100 283.55

610 457 508 10s 35.90 30 108.58 120 394.00

10 54.94 40 132.20 140 570.00

20 73.03 60 183.96 160 610.00

STD 40s 74.00 80 228.90



H H


210





24 x 16 24.00 16.00 20.00 5s 28.20 XS 80s 95.80 100 277.99

610 406.4 508 10s 35.70 30 106.45 120 360.00

10 53.86 40 129.61 140 570.00

20 71.60 60 180.35 160 580.00

STD 40s 72.60 80 224.41

26 x 24 26.00 24.00 24.00 10 75.45 20 123.00 XS 123.00

660 610 610 STD 90.70

26 x 22 26.00 22.00 24.00 10 75.45 20 123.00 XS 123.00

660 559 610 STD 90.70

26 x 20 26.00 20.00 24.00 10 75.45 20 123.00 XS 123.00

660 508 610 STD 90.70

26 x 18 26.00 18.00 24.00 10 75.45 20 123.00 XS 123.00

660 457 610 STD 90.70

28 x 26 28.00 26.00 24.00 10 79.30 20 131.43 XS 132.00

711 660 610 STD 95.30

28 x 24 28.00 24.00 24.00 10 79.30 20 131.34 30 166.03

711 610 610 STD 95.30 XS 132.00

28 x 22 28.00 22.00 24.00 10 79.30 20 131.43 30 166.03

711 559 610 STD 95.30 XS 132.00

28 x 20 28.00 20.00 24.00 10 79.30 20 131.43 30 166.03

711 508 610 STD 95.30 XS 132.00

28 x 18 28.00 18.00 24.00 10 79.30 20 131.43 30 166.03

711 457 610 STD 95.30 XS 132.00

30 x 28 30.00 28.00 24.00 10 83.20 XS 20 143.00 30 178.16

762 711 610 STD 100.00



H H


ReducersASME B16.9

211





30 x 26 30.00 26.00 24.00 10 83.20 STD 100.00 XS 20 143.00

762 660 610

30 x 24 30.00 24.00 24.00 10 83.20 20 142.13 30 178.16

762 610 610 STD 100.00 XS 143.00

30 x 22 30.00 22.00 24.00 10 83.20 20 142.13 30 178.16

762 559 610 STD 100.00 XS 143.00

30 x 20 30.00 20.00 24.00 10 83.20 20 142.13 30 178.16

762 508 610 STD 100.00 XS 143.00

32 x 30 32.00 30.00 24.00 10 95.70 XS 20 150.00 30 190.29

813 762 610 STD 115.00

32 x 28 32.00 28.00 24.00 10 95.70 XS 20 150.00 30 190.29

813 711 610 STD 115.00

32 x 26 32.00 26.00 24.00 10 95.70 STD 115.00 XS 20 150.00

813 660 610

32 x 24 32.00 24.00 24.00 10 95.70 XS 20 150.00 30 190.29

813 610 610 STD 115.00

34 x 32 34.00 32.00 24.00 10 112.35 XS 20 157.00 30 202.42

864 813 610 STD 112.00

34 x 30 34.00 30.00 24.00 10 112.35 XS 20 157.00 30 202.42

864 762 610 STD 112.00

34 x 28 34.00 28.00 24.00 10 112.35 XS 20 157.00 30 202.42

864 711 610 STD 112.00

34 x 26 34.00 26.00 24.00 10 112.35 STD 112.00 XS 20 157.00

864 660 610



H H


212





34 x 24 34.00 24.00 24.00 10 112.35 XS 20 157.00 30 202.42

864 610 610 STD 112.00

36 x 34 36.00 34.00 24.00 10 123.00 XS 20 172.00 30 221.00

914 864 610 STD 129.00

36 x 32 36.00 32.00 24.00 10 123.00 XS 20 172.00 30 221.00

914 813 610 STD 129.00

36 x 30 36.00 30.00 24.00 10 123.00 XS 20 172.00 30 221.00

914 762 610 STD 129.00

36 x 28 36.00 28.00 24.00 10 123.00 XS 20 172.00 30 221.00

914 711 610 STD 129.00

36 x 26 36.00 26.00 24.00 10 123.00 STD 129.00 XS 20 172.00

914 660 610

36 x 24 36.00 24.00 24.00 10 123.00 20 172.00 30 221.00

914 610 610 STD 129.00 XS 172.00

38 x 36 38.00 36.00 24.00 STD 136.00 XS 186.00

965 914 610

38 x 34 38.00 34.00 24.00 STD 136.00 XS 186.00

965 864 610

38 x 32 38.00 32.00 24.00 STD 136.00 XS 186.00

965 813 610

38 x 30 38.00 30.00 24.00 STD 136.00 XS 186.00

965 762 610

38 x 28 38.00 28.00 24.00 STD 136.00 XS 186.00

965 711 610

38 x 26 38.00 26.00 24.00 STD 136.00 XS 186.00

965 660 610

40 x 38 40.00 38.00 24.00 STD 143.00 XS 193.00

1016 965 610

40 x 36 40.00 36.00 24.00 STD 143.00 XS 193.00

1016 914 610

40 x 34 40.00 34.00 24.00 STD 143.00 XS 193.00

1016 864 610



H H


ReducersASME B16.9

213





40 x 32 40.00 32.00 24.00 STD 143.00 XS 193.00

1016 813 610

40 x 30 40.00 30.00 24.00 STD 143.00 XS 193.00

1016 762 610

42 x 40 42.00 40.00 24.00 STD 152.00 XS 201.00

1067 1016 610

42 x 38 42.00 38.00 24.00 STD 152.00 XS 201.00

1067 965 610

42 x 36 42.00 36.00 24.00 STD 152.00 XS 201.00

1067 914 610

42 x 34 42.00 34.00 24.00 STD 152.00 XS 201.00

1067 864 610

42 x 32 42.00 32.00 24.00 STD 152.00 XS 201.00

1067 813 610

42 x 30 42.00 30.00 24.00 STD 152.00 XS 201.00

1067 762 610

44 x 42 44.00 42.00 24.00 STD 159.00 XS 211.00

1118 1067 610

44 x 40 44.00 40.00 24.00 STD 159.00 XS 211.00

1118 1016 610

44 x 38 44.00 38.00 24.00 STD 159.00 XS 211.00

1118 965 610

44 x 36 44.00 36.00 24.00 STD 159.00 XS 211.00

1118 914 610

46 x 44 46.00 44.00 28.00 STD 170.00 XS 225.00

1168 1118 711

46 x 42 46.00 42.00 28.00 STD 170.00 XS 225.00

1168 1067 711

46 x 40 46.00 40.00 28.00 STD 170.00 XS 225.00

1168 1016 711

46 x 38 46.00 38.00 28.00 STD 170.00 XS 225.00

1168 965 711



H H


214





48 x 46 48.00 46.00 28.00 STD 181.00 XS 238.00

1219 1168 711

48 x 44 48.00 44.00 28.00 STD 181.00 XS 238.00

1219 1118 711

48 x 42 48.00 42.00 28.00 STD 181.00 XS 238.00

1219 1067 711

48 x 40 48.00 40.00 28.00 STD 181.00 XS 238.00

1219 1016 711



H H


End CapsASME B16.9

215

Steel FittingsEnd Caps

NB OD Length2 E Length2 E1 Designation/ Weight1 Designation/ Weight1

in in/mm in/mm in/mm Schedule kg Schedule kg1/2 0.84 1.00 1.00 5s 0.01 XS 80(s) 0.05

21.3 25 25 10s 0.02 160 0.06

STD 40(s) 0.03 XXS 0.10

3/4 1.05 1.00 1.00 5s 0.02 XS 80(s) 0.09

26.7 25 25 10s 0.02 160 0.13

STD 40(s) 0.06 XXS 0.18

1 1.32 1.50 1.50 5s 0.04 XS 80(s) 0.13

33.4 38 38 10s 0.05 160 0.15

STD 40(s) 0.10 XXS 0.20

11/4 1.66 1.50 1.50 5s 0.05 XS 80(s) 0.19

42.2 38 38 10s 0.07 160 0.23

STD 40(s) 0.14 XXS 0.30

11/2 1.90 1.50 1.50 5s 0.08 XS 80(s) 0.23

48.3 38 38 10s 0.10 160 0.30

STD 40(s) 0.20 XXS 0.35

2 2.38 1.50 1.75 5s 0.10 XS 80(s) 0.30

60.3 38 44 10s 0.13 160 0.55

STD 40(s) 0.25 XXS 0.60

21/2 2.88 1.50 2.00 5s 0.14 XS 80(s) 0.45

73.0 38 51 10s 0.23 160 0.90

STD 40(s) 0.35 XXS 1.00

Weight measure = OD x OD x E or E1 with dimensions in m ie divide mm dimensions by 1000. Shape of cap shall be ellipsoidal and shall conform to the shape requirements in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.1 Weight is not specified and is approximate for shipping purposes only. MSS-SP-75 has different tolerances, so weights may differ slightly.2 Length E applies for thicknesses not exceeding XS, E1 for thicknesses greater than XS (above 26NB by agreement).3 MSS-SP-75 has different tolerances, so weights may differ slightly. Also lenght E1 is specified above 24“.


Eor E1

Dimensions and WeightsSteel FittingsEnd CapsASME B16.9

216

End Caps


in in/mm in/mm in/mm Schedule kg Schedule kg

3 3.50 2.00 2.50 5s 0.25 XS 80(s) 0.85

88.9 51 64 10s 0.36 160 1.45

STD 40(s) 0.70 XXS 1.80

31/2 4.00 2.50 3.00 5s 0.36 STD 40(s) 1.00

101.6 64 76 10s 0.52 XS 80(s) 1.30

4 4.50 2.50 3.00 5s 0.52 120 2.50

114.3 64 76 10s 0.55 160 2.75

STD 40(s) 1.10 XXS 3.50

XS 80(s) 1.60

5 5.56 3.00 3.50 5s 0.80 120 4.00

141.3 76 89 10s 1.00 160 5.00

STD 40(s) 2.00 XXS 5.50

XS 80(s) 2.70

6 6.62 3.50 4.00 5s 1.20 120 6.00

168.3 89 102 10s 1.50 160 7.50

STD 40(s) 3.00 XXS 8.12

XS 80(s) 4.40

8 8.62 4.00 5.00 5s 2.20 80(s) 8.35

219.1 102 127 10s 2.75 100 11.00

20 4.50 120 12.27

30 5.00 140 13.85

STD 40(s) 5.50 XXS 14.91

60 7.00 160 19.49



Eor E1


End CapsASME B16.9

217

End Caps



10 10.75 5.00 6.00 5s 3.60 80 16.25

273.0 127 152 10s 4.45 100 21.00

20 6.00 120 24.74

30 8.00 XXS 140 29.31

STD 40(s) 9.00 160 32.98

XS 60/80s 13.60

12 12.75 6.00 7.00 5s 6.00 60 25.50

323.8 152 178 10s 7.50 80 29.50

20 10.00 100 32.50

30 13.00 XXS 120 41.00

STD 40s 15.00 140 46.12

40 19.00 160 53.77

XS 80s 22.50

14 14.00 6.50 7.50 5s 6.40 60 32.10

355.6 165 191 10s 8.17 80 40.39

10 14.00 100 50.00

20 14.00 120 58.91

STD 30 16.00 140 67.30

40 24.50 160 75.70

XS 27.00

16 16.00 7.00 8.00 5s 8.40 60 40.76

406.4 178 203 10s 10.67 80 52.25

10 18.00 100 64.00

20 18.00 120 75.57

STD 30 21.00 140 89.16

XS 40 31.50 160 98.83



Eor E1


218

End Caps



18 18.00 8.00 9.00 5s 10.40 40 42.00

457 203 229 10s 13.00 60 66.00

10 22.00 80 72.50

20 22.00 100 75.00

STD 26.00 120 88.00

30 30.00 140 93.00

XS 36.00 160 104.00

20 20.00 9.00 10.00 5s 13.60 60 77.62

508 229 254 10s 17.00 80 98.50

10 29.00 100 122.46

STD 20 32.00 120 143.56

XS 30 42.00 140 153.00

40 56.75 160 170.00

22 22.00 10.00 10.00 5s 16.80 60 89.10

559 254 254 10s 21.00 80 126.00

10 35.50 100 154.00

STD 20 39.00 120 182.04

XS 30 51.00 140 210.00

40 70.00 160 240.00

24 24.00 10.50 12.00 5s 20.80 60 120.00

610 267 305 10s 26.00 80 150.00

10 44.00 100 185.66

STD 20 46.00 120 219.65

XS 60.00 140 250.00

30 74.50 160 285.00

40 96.50



Eor E1


End CapsASME B16.9

219

End Caps



26 26.00 10.50 10 41.45 XS 20 66.10

660 267 STD 49.80

28 28.00 10.50 10 46.60 XS 20 74.81

711 267 STD 56.00 30 93.50

30 30.00 10.50 5s 24.00 STD 62.00

762 267 10s 31.00 XS 20 82.80

10 51.68 30 103.50

32 32.00 10.50 10 56.60 30 116.75

813 267 STD 68.00 40 128.55

XS 20 93.40

34 34.00 10.50 10 60.40 30 121.15

864 267 STD 72.60 40 133.40

XS 20 96.91

36 36.00 10.50 10 66.05 30 133.75

914 267 STD 79.40 40 147.30

XS 20 107.00

38 38.00 12.00 STD 86.20 XS 124.70

965 305

40 40.00 12.00 STD 95.30 XS 129.30

1016 305

42 42.00 12.00 STD 104.00 XS 136.00

1067 305



Eor E1


220

End Caps



44 44.00 13.50 STD 120.20 XS 167.80

1118 343

46 46.00 13.50 STD 136.00 XS 186.00

1168 343

48 48.00 13.50 STD 159.00 XS 215.50

1219 343

Weight measure = OD x OD x E or E1 with dimensions in m ie divide mm dimensions by 1000.Shape of cap shall be ellipsoidal and shall conform to the shape requirements in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.1 Weight is not specified and is approximate for shipping purposes only. MSS-SP-75 has different tolerances, so weights may differ slightly.2 Length E applies for thicknesses not exceeding XS, E1 for thicknesses greater than XS (above 26NB by agreement).3 MSS-SP-75 has different tolerances, so weights may differ slightly. Also lenght E1 is specified above 24“.


Eor E1

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Dimensions and WeightsFlanges Index

223


• FlangesFlanscheBridesFlangeBridas

ASME B16.5 ........................................................................ 224ASME B16.47, Series A ........................................................ 238ASME B16.47, Series B ........................................................ 242

Dimensions and WeightsFlangesASME B16.5

224

Pipe Flanges · Threaded and Socket WeldingClass 150 & 300 1/2 to 4 NB

NB Outside Thickness Diameter Length Thread Bore Bore2 Depth Diameter

Diameter of Flange min of Hub Through Hub Length of Socket of Face

O tf X Y T B B1 D R

in in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm

Class 150 1/2 3.50 90 0.38 9.6 1.19 30 0.56 14 0.62 16 0.88 22.2 0.62 15.8 0.38 10 1.38 34.93/4 3.88 100 0.44 11.2 1.50 38 0.56 14 0.62 16 1.09 27.7 0.82 20.9 0.44 11 1.69 42.9

1 4.25 110 0.50 12.7 1.94 49 0.62 16 0.69 17 1.36 34.5 1.05 26.6 0.50 13 2.00 50.8

11/4 4.62 115 0.56 14.3 2.31 59 0.75 19 0.81 21 1.70 43.2 1.38 35.1 0.56 14 2.50 63.5

11/2 5.00 125 0.62 15.9 2.56 65 0.81 21 0.88 22 1.95 49.5 1.61 40.9 0.62 16 2.88 73.0

2 6.00 150 0.69 17.5 3.06 78 0.94 24 1.00 25 2.44 61.9 2.07 52.5 0.69 17 3.62 92.1

21/2 7.00 180 0.75 20.7 3.56 90 1.06 27 1.12 29 2.94 74.6 2.47 62.7 0.75 19 4.12 104.8

3 7.50 190 0.88 22.3 4.25 108 1.12 29 1.19 30 3.57 90.7 3.07 77.9 0.81 21 5.00 127.0

31/2 8.50 215 0.88 22.3 4.81 122 1.19 30 1.25 32 4.07 103.4 3.55 90.1 5.50 139.7

4 9.00 230 0.88 22.3 5.31 135 1.25 32 1.31 33 4.57 116.1 4.03 102.3 6.19 157.2

Class 300 1/2 3.75 95 0.50 12.7 1.50 38 0.81 21 0.62 16 0.88 22.2 0.62 15.8 0.38 10 1.38 34.93/4 4.62 115 0.56 14.3 1.88 48 0.94 24 0.62 16 1.09 27.7 0.82 20.9 0.44 11 1.69 42.9

1 4.88 125 0.62 15.9 2.12 54 1.00 25 0.69 18 1.36 34.5 1.05 26.6 0.50 13 2.00 50.8

11/4 5.25 135 0.69 17.5 2.50 64 1.00 25 0.81 21 1.70 43.2 1.38 35.1 0.56 14 2.50 63.5

11/2 6.12 155 0.75 19.1 2.75 70 1.12 29 0.88 23 1.95 49.5 1.61 40.9 0.62 16 2.88 73.0

2 6.50 165 0.81 20.7 3.31 84 1.31 32 1.12 29 2.44 61.9 2.07 52.6 0.69 17 3.62 92.1

21/2 7.50 190 0.94 23.9 3.94 100 1.50 37 1.25 32 2.94 74.6 2.47 62.7 0.75 19 4.12 104.8

3 8.25 210 1.06 27.0 4.62 117 1.69 41 1.25 32 3.57 90.7 3.07 77.9 0.81 21 5.00 127.0

31/2 9.00 230 1.12 28.6 5.25 133 1.75 43 1.44 37 4.07 103.4 3.55 90.1 5.50 139.7

4 10.00 255 1.19 30.2 5.75 146 1.88 46 1.44 37 4.57 116.1 4.03 102.3 6.19 157.2

1 For large end of hub. Can be tapered 7° maximum.2 Bore is nominal OD – twice nominal thickness. The figures are for schedule standard.Raised face is 2 mm (0.06 in) for 150 and 300, and 7 mm (0.25 in) for 400–2500, which is in addition to tf

For dimensional tolerances see page 385.Note that metric and imperial dimensions are not equivalent, but are parallel systems

Bolt circle

R

O X (Note 1)

O

tfYT

X (Note 1)

tfY

D

B1

B

O

Dimensions and WeightsFlanges

ASME B16.5

225

Class 150 & 300 1/2 to 4 NB

NB Weight Diameter Diameter Bolts Lenght of Bolts L

Thread. Socket of Bolt Circle of Bolt Holes No. ø Stud Bolts (not incl.height of points) Machine Bolts

Weld 2 mm RF Ring Joint 2 mm RF

in kg kg in mm in mm in in mm in mm in mm

Class 150 1/2 0.40 0.42 2.38 60.3 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.25 55 2.00 503/4 0.56 0.58 2.75 69.9 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.50 65 2.00 50

1 0.78 0.81 3.12 79.4 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.50 65 3.00 75 2.25 55

11/4 1.02 1.08 3.50 88.9 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.75 70 3.25 85 2.25 55

11/2 1.32 1.37 3.88 98.4 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.75 70 3.25 85 2.50 65

2 2.07 2.10 4.75 120.7 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.25 85 3.75 95 2.75 70

21/2 3.29 3.32 5.50 139.7 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

3 3.85 3.90 6.00 152.4 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

31/2 4.80 7.00 177.8 3/4 19.1 8 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

4 5.30 7.50 190.5 3/4 19.1 8 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

Class 300 1/2 0.65 0.66 2.62 66.2 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.50 65 3.00 75 2.25 553/4 1.11 1.14 3.25 82.6 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.00 75 3.50 90 2.50 65

1 1.35 1.40 3.50 88.9 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.00 75 3.50 90 2.50 65

11/4 1.68 1.75 3.88 98.4 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.25 85 3.75 95 2.75 70

11/2 2.49 2.55 4.50 114.3 7/8 22.4 4 3/4 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

2 2.88 2.94 5.00 127.0 3/4 19.1 8 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

21/2 4.33 4.40 5.88 149.2 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.00 100 4.50 115 3.25 85

3 5.84 5.91 6.62 168.3 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.25 110 4.75 120 3.50 90

31/2 7.34 7.25 184.2 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.25 110 5.00 125 3.75 95

4 9.60 7.88 200.0 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.50 115 5.00 125 3.75 95

1 Weights are not specified. These are approximate for shipping purposes.

Bolt circle

R

O

LL

Point is not included in length


226

Pipe FlangesClass 150

NB Outside Thickness Diameter Welding Neck Length through Hub Bore2 Diameter

Diameter Flange min of Hub OD at Chamfer Slip on Welding Neck Slip on Welding Neck of Face

O tf X A Y Y B B R

in in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm1/2 3.50 90 0.38 9.6 1.19 30 0.84 21.3 0.56 14 1.81 46 0.88 22.2 0.62 15.8 1.38 34.93/4 3.88 100 0.44 11.2 1.50 38 1.05 26.7 0.56 14 2.00 51 1.09 27.7 0.82 20.9 1.69 42.9

1 4.25 110 0.50 12.7 1.94 49 1.32 33.4 0.62 16 2.12 54 1.36 34.5 1.05 26.6 2.00 50.8

11/4 4.62 115 0.56 14.3 2.31 59 1.66 42.2 0.75 19 2.19 56 1.70 43.2 1.38 35.1 2.50 63.5

11/2 5.00 125 0.62 15.9 2.56 65 1.90 48.3 0.81 21 2.38 60 1.95 49.5 1.61 40.9 2.88 73.0

2 6.00 150 0.69 17.5 3.06 78 2.38 60.3 0.94 24 2.44 62 2.44 61.9 2.07 52.5 3.62 92.1

21/2 7.00 180 0.81 20.7 3.56 90 2.88 73.0 1.06 27 2.69 68 2.94 74.6 2.47 62.7 4.12 104.8

3 7.50 190 0.88 22.3 4.25 108 3.50 88.9 1.12 29 2.69 68 3.57 90.7 3.07 77.9 5.00 127.0

31/2 8.50 215 0.88 22.3 4.81 122 4.00 101.6 1.19 30 2.75 70 4.07 103.4 3.55 90.1 5.50 139.7

4 9.00 230 0.88 22.3 5.31 135 4.50 114.3 1.25 32 2.94 75 4.57 116.1 4.03 102.3 6.19 157.2

5 10.00 255 0.88 22.3 6.44 164 5.56 141.3 1.38 35 3.44 87 5.66 143.8 5.05 128.2 7.31 185.7

6 11.00 280 0.94 23.9 7.56 192 6.63 168.3 1.50 38 3.44 87 6.72 170.7 6.07 154.1 8.50 215.9

8 13.50 345 1.06 27.0 9.69 246 8.63 219.1 1.69 43 3.94 100 8.72 221.5 7.89 200.7 10.62 269.9

10 16.00 405 1.12 28.6 12.00 305 10.75 273.0 1.88 48 3.94 100 10.88 276.2 10.02 254.6 12.75 323.8

12 19.00 485 1.19 30.2 14.38 365 12.75 323.8 2.12 54 4.44 113 12.88 327.0 12.00 304.8 15.00 381.0

14 21.00 535 1.31 33.4 15.75 400 14.00 355.6 2.19 56 4.94 125 14.14 359.2 16.25 412.8

16 23.50 595 1.38 35.0 18.00 457 16.00 406.4 2.44 62 4.94 125 16.16 410.5 18.50 469.9

18 25.00 635 1.50 38.1 19.88 505 18.00 457.0 2.62 67 5.44 138 18.18 461.8 21.00 533.4

20 27.50 700 1.62 41.3 22.00 559 20.00 508.0 2.81 71 5.62 143 20.20 513.1 23.00 584.2

24 32.00 815 1.81 46.1 26.12 663 24.00 610.0 3.19 81 5.94 151 24.25 616.0 27.25 692.2



To be specified by purchaser

O

Blind

R

O

Welding Neck

X

tf

YB

AX (Note 1)

Slip-on-Welding

Y

O

B

tf tf


ASME B16.5

227

Class 150

NB Weight 1 Diameter of Diameter of Bolts Lenght of Bolts L

Bolt Circle Bolt Holes No. ø Stud Bolts not incl.height of points Machine Bolts

WN Slip on Blind 2 mm RF Ring Joint 2 mm RF

in kg kg kg in mm in mm in in mm in mm in mm1/2 0.48 0.39 0.42 2.38 60.3 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.25 55 2.00 503/4 0.71 0.56 0.61 2.75 69.9 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.50 65 2.00 50

1 1.01 0.78 0.86 3.12 79.4 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.50 65 3.00 75 2.25 55

11/4 1.33 1.03 1.17 3.50 88.9 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.75 70 3.25 85 2.25 55

11/2 1.72 1.32 1.53 3.88 98.4 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.75 70 3.25 85 2.50 65

2 2.58 2.06 2.42 4.75 120.7 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.25 85 3.75 95 2.75 70

21/2 4.11 3.32 3.94 5.50 139.7 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

3 4.92 3.85 4.93 6.00 152.4 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

31/2 6.08 4.81 6.17 7.00 177.8 3/4 19.1 8 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

4 6.84 5.30 7.00 7.50 190.5 3/4 19.1 8 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

5 8.56 6.07 8.63 8.50 215.9 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 3.75 95 4.25 110 3.25 85

6 10.60 7.45 11.31 9.50 241.3 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.00 100 4.50 115 3.25 85

8 17.61 12.11 19.59 11.75 298.5 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.25 110 4.75 120 3.50 90

10 23.98 16.49 28.80 14.25 362.0 1 25.4 12 7/8 4.50 115 5.00 125 4.00 100

12 36.50 26.19 43.21 17.00 431.8 1 25.4 12 7/8 4.75 120 5.25 135 4.00 100

14 48.39 34.61 58.10 18.75 476.3 11/8 28.4 12 1 5.25 135 5.75 145 4.50 115

16 60.58 44.80 76.01 21.25 539.8 11/8 28.4 16 1 5.25 135 5.75 145 4.50 115

18 68.31 48.88 93.70 22.75 577.9 11/4 31.8 16 11/8 5.75 145 6.25 160 5.00 125

20 84.49 61.91 122.01 25.00 635.0 11/4 31.8 20 11/8 6.25 160 6.75 170 5.50 140

24 115.01 86.90 184.98 29.50 749.3 13/8 35.1 20 11/4 6.75 170 7.25 185 6.00 150


Bolt circle

O

LL



228




O tf X A Y Y B B R

in in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm1/2 3.75 95 0.50 12.7 1.50 38 0.84 21.3 0.81 21 2.00 51 0.88 22.2 0.62 15.8 1.38 34.93/4 4.62 115 0.56 14.3 1.88 48 1.05 26.7 0.94 24 2.19 56 1.09 27.7 0.82 20.9 1.69 42.9

1 4.88 125 0.62 15.9 2.12 54 1.32 33.4 1.00 25 2.38 60 1.36 34.5 1.05 26.6 2.00 50.8

11/4 5.25 135 0.69 17.5 2.50 64 1.66 42.2 1.00 25 2.50 64 1.70 43.2 1.38 35.1 2.50 63.5

11/2 6.12 155 0.75 19.1 2.75 70 1.90 48.3 1.12 29 2.62 67 1.95 49.5 1.61 40.9 2.88 73.0

2 6.50 165 0.81 20.7 3.31 84 2.38 60.3 1.31 32 2.75 68 2.44 61.9 2.07 52.5 3.62 92.1

21/2 7.50 190 0.94 23.9 3.94 100 2.88 73.0 1.50 37 3.00 75 2.94 74.6 2.47 62.7 4.12 104.8

3 8.25 210 1.06 27.0 4.62 117 3.50 88.9 1.69 41 3.12 78 3.57 90.7 3.07 77.9 5.00 127.0

31/2 9.00 230 1.12 28.6 5.25 133 4.00 101.6 1.75 43 3.19 79 4.07 103.4 3.55 90.1 5.50 139.7

4 10.00 255 1.19 30.2 5.75 146 4.50 114.3 1.88 46 3.38 84 4.57 116.1 4.03 102.3 6.19 157.2

5 11.00 280 1.31 33.4 7.00 178 5.56 141.3 2.00 49 3.88 97 5.66 143.8 5.05 128.2 7.31 185.7

6 12.50 320 1.38 35.0 8.12 206 6.63 168.3 2.06 51 3.88 97 6.72 170.7 6.07 154.1 8.50 215.9

8 15.00 380 1.56 39.7 10.25 260 8.63 219.1 2.44 60 4.38 110 8.72 221.5 7.98 202.7 10.62 269.9

10 17.50 445 1.81 46.1 12.62 321 10.75 273.0 2.62 65 4.62 116 10.88 276.2 10.02 254.6 12.75 323.8

12 20.50 520 1.94 49.3 14.75 375 12.75 323.8 2.88 71 5.12 129 12.88 327.0 12.00 304.8 15.00 381.0

14 23.00 585 2.06 52.4 16.75 425 14.00 355.6 3.00 75 5.62 141 14.14 359.2 16.25 412.8

16 25.50 650 2.19 55.6 19.00 483 16.00 406.4 3.25 81 5.75 144 16.16 410.5 18.50 469.9

18 28.00 710 2.31 58.8 21.00 533 18.00 457.0 3.50 87 6.25 157 18.18 461.8 21.00 533.4

20 30.50 775 2.44 62.0 23.12 587 20.00 508.0 3.75 94 6.38 160 20.20 513.1 23.00 584.2

24 36.00 915 2.69 68.3 27.62 702 24.00 610.0 4.19 105 6.62 167 24.25 616.0 27.25 692.2




O

Blind

R

O

Welding Neck

X

tf

YB

AX (Note 1)

Slip-on-Welding

Y

O

B

tf tf


ASME B16.5

229

Class 300


Bolt Circle Bolt Holes No. ø Stud Bolts not incl.height of points Machine Bolts

WN Slip on Blind 2 mm RF Ring Joint 2 mm RF

in kg kg kg in mm in mm in in mm in mm in mm1/2 0.75 0.64 0.64 2.62 66.7 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 2.50 65 3.00 75 2.25 553/4 1.26 1.12 1.11 3.25 82.6 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.00 75 3.50 90 2.50 65

1 1.52 1.36 1.39 3.50 88.9 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.00 75 3.50 90 2.50 65

11/4 2.03 1.68 1.79 3.88 98.4 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.25 85 3.75 95 2.75 70

11/2 2.89 2.49 2.66 4.50 114.3 7/8 22.4 4 3/4 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

2 3.40 2.87 3.18 5.00 127.0 3/4 19.1 8 5/8 3.50 90 4.00 100 3.00 75

21/2 5.17 4.32 4.85 5.88 149.2 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.00 100 4.50 115 3.25 85

3 6.93 5.85 6.81 6.62 168.3 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.25 110 4.75 120 3.50 90

31/2 8.67 7.34 8.71 7.25 184.2 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.25 110 5.00 125 3.75 95

4 11.20 9.61 11.50 7.88 200.0 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.50 115 5.00 125 3.75 95

5 15.11 12.30 15.59 9.25 235.0 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.75 120 5.25 135 4.25 110

6 19.11 15.59 20.91 10.62 269.9 7/8 22.4 12 3/4 4.75 120 5.50 140 4.25 110

8 29.89 24.19 34.29 13.00 330.2 1 25.4 12 7/8 5.50 140 6.00 150 4.75 120

10 42.70 34.11 53.29 15.25 387.4 11/8 28.4 16 1 6.25 160 6.75 170 5.50 140

12 61.80 49.80 78.79 17.75 450.8 11/4 31.8 16 11/8 6.75 170 7.25 185 5.75 145

14 85.81 69.90 105.00 20.25 514.4 11/4 31.8 20 11/8 7.00 180 7.50 190 6.25 160

16 106.01 88.11 136.99 22.50 571.5 13/8 35.1 20 11/4 7.50 190 8.00 205 6.50 165

18 130.99 108.99 175.01 24.75 628.6 13/8 35.1 24 11/4 7.75 195 8.25 210 6.75 170

20 158.00 134.00 221.01 27.00 685.8 13/8 35.1 24 11/4 8.00 205 8.75 220 7.25 185

24 230.01 201.00 339.00 32.00 812.8 15/8 41.1 24 11/2 9.00 230 10.00 255 8.00 205


Bolt circle

O

LL



230




O tf X A Y Y B B R

in in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm1/2 3.75 95 0.56 14.3 1.50 38 0.84 21.3 0.88 22 2.06 52 0.88 22.2 1.38 34.93/4 4.62 115 0.62 15.9 1.88 48 1.05 26.7 1.00 25 2.25 57 1.09 27.7 1.69 42.9

1 4.88 125 0.69 17.5 2.12 54 1.32 33.4 1.06 27 2.44 62 1.36 34.5 2.00 50.8

11/4 5.25 135 0.81 20.7 2.50 64 1.66 42.2 1.12 29 2.62 67 1.70 43.2 2.50 63.5

11/2 6.12 155 0.88 22.3 2.75 70 1.90 48.3 1.25 32 2.75 70 1.95 49.5 2.88 73.0

2 6.50 165 1.00 25.4 3.31 84 2.38 60.3 1.44 37 2.88 73 2.44 61.9 3.62 92.1

21/2 7.50 190 1.12 28.6 3.94 100 2.88 73.0 1.62 41 3.12 79 2.94 74.6 4.12 104.8

3 8.25 210 1.25 31.8 4.62 117 3.50 88.9 1.81 46 3.25 83 3.57 90.7 5.00 127.0

31/2 9.00 230 1.38 35.0 5.25 133 4.00 101.6 1.94 49 3.38 86 4.07 103.4 5.50 139.7

4 10.75 275 1.50 38.1 6.00 152 4.50 114.3 2.12 54 4.00 102 4.57 116.1 6.19 157.2

5 13.00 330 1.75 44.5 7.44 189 5.56 141.3 2.38 60 4.50 114 5.66 143.8 7.31 185.7

6 14.00 355 1.88 47.7 8.75 222 6.63 168.3 2.62 67 4.62 117 6.72 170.7 8.50 215.9

8 16.50 420 2.19 55.6 10.75 273 8.63 219.1 3.00 76 5.25 133 8.72 221.5 10.62 269.9

10 20.00 510 2.50 63.5 13.50 343 10.75 273.0 3.38 86 6.00 152 10.88 276.2 12.75 323.8

12 22.00 560 2.62 66.7 15.75 400 12.75 323.8 3.62 92 6.12 156 12.88 327.0 15.00 381.0

14 23.75 605 2.75 69.9 17.00 432 14.00 355.6 3.69 94 6.50 165 14.14 359.2 16.25 412.8

16 27.00 685 3.00 76.2 19.50 495 16.00 406.4 4.19 106 7.00 178 16.16 410.5 18.50 469.9

18 29.25 745 3.25 82.6 21.50 546 18.00 457.0 4.62 117 7.25 184 18.18 461.8 21.00 533.4

20 32.00 815 3.50 88.9 24.00 610 20.00 508.0 5.00 127 7.50 190 20.20 513.1 23.00 584.2

24 37.00 940 4.00 101.6 28.25 718 24.00 610.0 5.50 140 8.00 203 24.25 616.0 27.25 692.2



O

Blind

R

O

Welding Neck

X

tf

YB

AX (Note 1)

Slip-on-Welding

Y

O

B

tf tf



ASME B16.5

231

Class 600


Bolt Circle Bolt Holes No. ø Stud Bolts not incl.height of points

WN Slip on Blind 7 mm Raised Face Ring Joint

in kg kg kg in mm in mm in in mm in mm1/2 1.24 1.06 1.02 2.62 66.7 5/8 15.7 4 1/2 3.00 75 3.00 753/4 2.08 1.85 1.76 3.25 82.6 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.50 90 3.50 90

1 2.51 2.24 2.21 3.50 88.9 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.50 90 3.50 90

11/4 3.35 2.77 2.85 3.88 98.4 3/4 19.1 4 5/8 3.75 95 3.75 95

11/2 4.77 4.11 4.23 4.50 114.3 7/8 22.4 4 3/4 4.25 110 4.25 110

2 5.61 4.74 5.06 5.00 127.0 3/4 19.1 8 5/8 4.25 110 4.25 110

21/2 8.53 7.13 7.71 5.88 149.2 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 4.75 120 4.75 120

3 11.4 9.65 10.8 6.62 168.3 7/8 22.4 8 3/4 5.00 125 5.00 125

31/2 14.3 12.1 13.8 7.25 184.2 1 25.4 8 7/8 5.50 140 5.50 140

4 18.5 15.9 18.3 8.50 215.9 1 25.4 8 7/8 5.75 145 5.75 145

5 24.9 20.3 24.8 10.50 266.7 11/8 28.4 8 1 6.50 165 6.50 165

6 31.5 25.7 33.2 11.50 292.1 11/8 28.4 12 1 6.75 170 6.75 170

8 49.3 39.9 54.5 13.75 349.2 11/4 31.8 12 11/8 7.50 190 7.75 195

10 70.5 56.3 84.7 17.00 431.8 13/8 35.1 16 11/4 8.50 215 8.50 215

12 102 82.2 125 19.25 489.0 13/8 35.1 20 11/4 8.75 220 8.75 220

14 127 115 152 20.75 527.0 11/2 38.1 20 13/8 9.25 235 9.25 235

16 177 145 216 23.75 603.2 15/8 41.1 20 11/2 10.00 255 10.00 255

18 215 180 274 25.75 654.0 13/4 44.5 20 15/8 10.75 275 10.75 275

20 268 221 356 28.50 723.9 13/4 44.5 24 15/8 11.25 285 11.50 290

24 376 332 547 33.00 838.2 2 50.8 24 17/8 13.00 330 13.25 335


Bolt circle

O

LL



232




O tf X A Y Y B B R


1 5.88 150 1.12 28.6 2.06 52 1.32 33.4 1.62 41 2.88 73 1.36 34.5 2.00 50.8

11/4 6.25 160 1.12 28.6 2.50 64 1.66 42.2 1.62 41 2.88 73 1.70 43.2 2.50 63.5

11/2 7.00 180 1.25 31.8 2.75 70 1.90 48.3 1.75 44 3.25 83 1.95 49.5 2.88 73.0

2 8.50 215 1.50 38.1 4.12 105 2.38 60.3 2.25 57 4.00 102 2.44 61.9 3.62 92.1

21/2 9.62 245 1.62 41.3 4.88 124 2.88 73.0 2.50 64 4.12 105 2.94 74.6 4.12 104.8

3 9.50 240 1.50 38.1 5.00 127 3.50 88.9 2.12 54 4.00 102 3.57 90.7 5.00 127.0

4 11.50 290 1.75 44.5 6.25 159 4.50 114.3 2.75 70 4.50 114 4.57 116.1 6.19 157.2

5 13.75 350 2.00 50.8 7.50 190 5.56 141.3 3.12 79 5.00 127 5.66 143.8 7.31 185.7

6 15.00 380 2.19 55.6 9.25 235 6.63 168.3 3.38 86 5.50 140 6.72 170.7 8.50 215.9

8 18.50 470 2.50 63.5 11.75 298 8.63 219.1 4.00 102 6.38 162 8.72 221.5 10.62 269.9

10 21.50 545 2.75 69.9 14.50 368 10.75 273.0 4.25 108 7.25 184 10.88 276.2 12.75 323.8

12 24.00 610 3.12 79.4 16.50 419 12.75 323.8 4.62 117 7.88 200 12.88 327.0 15.00 381.0

14 25.25 640 3.38 85.8 17.75 451 14.00 355.6 5.12 130 8.38 213 14.14 359.2 16.25 412.8

16 27.75 705 3.50 88.9 20.00 508 16.00 406.4 5.25 133 8.50 216 16.16 410.5 18.50 469.9

18 31.00 785 4.00 101.6 22.25 565 18.00 457.0 6.00 152 9.00 229 18.18 461.8 21.00 533.4

20 33.75 855 4.25 108.0 24.50 622 20.00 508.0 6.25 159 9.75 248 20.20 513.1 23.00 584.2

24 41.00 1040 5.50 139.7 29.50 749 24.00 610.0 8.00 203 11.50 292 24.25 616.0 27.25 692.2



O

Blind

R

O

Welding Neck

X

tf

YB

AX (Note 1)

Slip-on-Welding

Y

O

B

tf tf



ASME B16.5

233

Class 900





1 3.74 3.44 3.57 4.00 101.6 1 25.4 4 7/8 5.00 125 5.00 125

11/4 4.33 3.91 4.14 4.38 111.1 1 25.4 4 7/8 5.00 125 5.00 125

11/2 5.94 5.36 5.75 4.88 123.8 11/8 28.4 4 1 5.50 140 5.50 140

2 10.8 9.85 10.1 6.50 165.1 1 25.4 8 7/8 5.75 145 5.75 145

21/2 15.0 13.7 14.0 7.50 190.5 11/8 28.4 8 1 6.25 160 6.25 160

3 13.7 11.6 13.1 7.50 190.5 1 25.4 8 7/8 5.75 145 5.75 145

4 22.5 19.7 26.9 9.25 235.0 11/4 31.8 8 11/8 6.75 170 6.75 170

5 37.4 31.9 36.5 11.00 279.4 11/8 35.1 8 11/4 7.50 190 7.50 190

6 47.7 41.1 47.4 12.50 317.5 11/4 31.8 12 11/8 7.50 190 7.75 195

8 81.3 70.7 82.5 15.50 393.7 11/2 38.1 12 13/8 8.75 220 8.75 220

10 119 101 122 18.50 469.9 11/2 38.1 16 13/8 9.25 235 9.25 235

12 157 133 173 21.00 533.4 11/2 38.1 20 13/8 10.00 255 10.00 255

14 180 153 206 22.00 558.8 15/8 41.1 20 11/2 10.75 275 11.00 280

16 217 185 259 24.25 616.0 13/4 44.5 20 15/8 11.25 285 11.50 290

18 292 258 367 27.00 685.8 2 50.8 20 17/8 12.75 325 13.25 335

20 362 317 463 29.50 749.3 21/8 53.8 20 2 13.75 350 14.25 360

24 665 606 876 35.50 901.7 25/8 66.5 20 21/2 17.25 440 18.00 455


Bolt circle

O

LL




O tf X A Y Y B B R


1 5.88 150 1.12 28.6 2.06 52 1.32 33.4 1.62 41 2.88 73 1.36 34.5 2.00 50.8

11/4 6.25 160 1.12 28.6 2.50 64 1.66 42.2 1.62 41 2.88 73 1.70 43.2 2.50 63.5

11/2 7.00 180 1.25 31.8 2.75 70 1.90 48.3 1.75 44 3.25 83 1.95 49.5 2.88 73.0

2 8.50 215 1.50 38.1 4.12 105 2.38 60.3 2.25 57 4.00 102 2.44 61.9 3.62 92.1

21/2 9.62 245 1.62 41.3 4.88 124 2.88 73.0 2.50 64 4.12 105 2.94 74.6 4.12 104.8

3 10.50 265 1.88 47.7 5.25 133 3.50 88.9 4.62 117 5.00 127.0

4 12.25 310 2.12 54.0 6.38 162 4.50 114.3 4.88 124 6.19 157.2

5 14.75 375 2.88 73.1 7.75 197 5.56 141.3 6.12 156 7.31 185.7

6 15.50 395 3.25 82.6 9.00 229 6.63 168.3 6.75 171 8.50 215.9

8 19.00 485 3.62 92.1 11.50 292 8.63 219.1 8.38 213 10.62 269.9

10 23.00 585 4.25 108.0 14.50 368 10.75 273.0 10.00 254 12.75 323.8

12 26.50 675 4.88 123.9 17.75 451 12.75 323.8 11.12 283 15.00 381.0

14 29.50 750 5.25 133.4 19.50 495 14.00 355.6 11.75 298 16.25 412.8

16 32.50 825 5.75 146.1 21.75 552 16.00 406.4 12.25 311 18.50 469.9

18 36.00 915 6.38 162.0 23.50 597 18.00 457.0 12.88 327 21.00 533.4

20 38.75 985 7.00 177.8 25.25 641 20.00 508.0 14.00 356 23.00 584.2

24 46.00 1170 8.00 203.2 30.00 762 24.00 610.0 16.00 406 27.25 692.2




234


O

Blind

R

O

Welding Neck

X

tf

YB

AX (Note 1)

Slip-on-Welding

Y

O

B

tf tf



ASME B16.5

235

Class 1500





1 3.74 3.44 3.57 4.00 101.6 1 25.4 4 7/8 5.00 125 5.00 125

11/4 4.33 3.91 4.14 4.38 111.1 1 25.4 4 7/8 5.00 125 5.00 125

11/2 5.94 5.36 5.75 4.88 123.8 11/8 28.4 4 1 5.50 140 5.50 140

2 10.8 9.85 10.1 6.50 165.1 1 25.4 8 7/8 5.75 145 5.75 145

21/2 15.0 13.7 14.0 7.50 190.5 11/8 28.4 8 1 6.25 160 6.25 160

3 19.9 19.1 8.00 203.2 11/4 31.8 8 11/8 7.00 180 7.00 180

4 29.9 29.9 9.50 241.3 13/8 35.1 8 11/4 7.75 195 7.75 195

5 55.4 58.4 11.50 292.1 15/8 41.1 8 11/2 9.75 250 9.75 250

6 68.4 71.8 12.50 317.5 11/2 38.1 12 13/8 10.25 260 10.50 265

8 117 122 15.50 393.7 13/4 44.5 12 15/8 11.50 290 12.75 325

10 194 210 19.00 482.6 2 50.4 12 17/8 13.25 335 13.50 345

12 288 316 22.50 571.5 21/8 53.8 16 2 14.75 375 15.25 385

14 380 420 25.00 635.0 23/8 60.5 16 21/4 16.00 405 16.75 425

16 485 558 27.75 704.8 25/8 66.5 16 21/2 17.50 445 18.50 470

18 644 760 30.50 774.7 27/8 73.2 16 23/4 19.75 495 20.75 525

20 775 965 32.75 831.8 31/8 79.2 16 3 21.25 540 22.25 565

24 1232 1558 39.00 990.6 35/8 91.9 16 31/2 24.25 615 25.50 650


Bolt circle

O

LL



236


NB Outside Thickness Diameter Welding Neck Len. through Hub Bore1 Diameter

Diameter Flange min of Hub OD at Chamfer Welding Neck Welding Neck of Face

O tf X A Y Y B

in in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm1/2 5.25 135 1.19 30.2 1.69 43 0.84 21.3 2.88 73 1.38 34.93/4 5.50 140 1.25 31.8 2.00 51 1.05 26.7 3.12 79 1.69 42.9

1 6.25 160 1.38 35.0 2.25 57 1.32 33.4 3.50 89 2.00 50.8

11/4 7.25 185 1.50 38.1 2.88 73 1.66 42.2 3.75 95 2.50 63.5

11/2 8.00 205 1.75 44.5 3.12 79 1.90 48.3 4.38 111 2.88 73.0

2 9.25 235 2.00 50.9 3.75 95 2.38 60.3 5.00 127 3.62 92.1

21/2 10.50 265 2.25 57.2 4.50 114 2.88 73.0 5.62 143 4.12 104.8

3 12.00 305 2.62 66.7 5.25 133 3.50 88.9 6.62 168 5.00 127.0

4 14.00 355 3.00 76.2 6.50 165 4.50 114.3 7.50 190 6.19 157.2

5 16.50 420 3.62 92.1 8.00 203 5.56 141.3 9.00 229 7.31 185.7

6 19.00 485 4.25 108.0 9.25 235 6.63 168.3 10.75 273 8.50 215.9

8 21.75 550 5.00 127.0 12.00 305 8.63 219.1 12.50 318 10.62 269.9

10 26.50 675 6.50 165.1 14.75 375 10.75 273.0 16.50 419 12.75 323.8

12 30.00 760 7.25 184.2 17.38 441 12.75 323.8 18.25 464 15.00 381.0



O

Blind

R

O

Welding Neck

X

tf

YB

A

tf



ASME B16.5

237

Class 2500

NB Weight1 Diameter Diameter Bolts Length L

of Bolt Circle of Bolt Holes No. Ø of Stud Bolts not including height of points

WN Blind 7 mm Raised Face Ring Joint

in kg kg in mm in mm in in mm in mm1/2 3.12 2.99 3.50 88.9 7/8 22.4 4 3/4 4.75 120 4.75 1203/4 3.70 3.50 3.75 95.2 7/8 22.4 4 3/4 5.00 125 5.00 125

1 5.24 4.96 4.25 108.0 1 25.4 4 7/8 5.50 140 5.50 140

11/4 7.74 7.35 5.12 130.2 11/8 28.4 4 1 6.00 150 6.00 150

11/2 10.9 10.4 5.75 146.0 11/4 31.8 4 11/8 6.75 170 6.75 170

2 16.2 15.6 6.75 171.4 11/8 28.4 8 1 7.00 180 7.00 180

21/2 23.7 22.6 7.75 196.8 11/4 31.8 8 11/8 7.75 195 8.00 205

3 36.2 34.8 9.00 228.6 13/8 35.1 8 11/4 8.75 220 9.00 230

4 55.3 53.9 10.75 273.0 15/8 41.1 8 11/2 10.00 255 10.25 260

5 92.5 90.8 12.75 323.8 17/8 47.8 8 13/4 11.75 300 12.25 310

6 143 141 14.50 368.3 21/8 53.8 8 2 13.50 345 14.00 355

8 215 214 17.25 438.2 21/8 53.8 12 2 15.00 380 15.50 395

10 406 411 21.25 539.8 25/8 66.5 12 21/2 19.25 490 20.00 510

12 572 592 24.38 619.1 27/8 73.2 12 23/4 21.25 540 22.00 560


Bolt circle

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Pipe FlangesClass 150 Series ADimensions in inches.Series A is equivalent to MSS-SP44.

Nominal Weight OD of Thickness of Length Ø of Ø of Raised Drilling Ø of Fillet

Pipe Size Flange Flange min 2 Through Hub Hub Top Face Ø Ø Bolt Holes Bolt Radius

WN Blind WN Blind Hub Circle No. Ø min

in kg kg O C C Y X A R r1

26 136 250 34.25 2.69 2.69 4.75 26.62 26.00 29.50 31.75 24 1.38 11/4 0.38

28 143 330 36.50 2.81 2.81 4.94 28.62 28.00 31.50 34.00 28 1.38 11/4 0.44

30 163 437 38.75 2.94 2.94 5.38 30.75 30.00 33.75 36.00 28 1.38 11/4 0.44

32 197 544 41.75 3.19 3.19 5.69 32.75 32.00 36.00 38.50 28 1.62 11/2 0.44

34 211 609 43.75 3.25 3.25 5.88 34.75 34.00 38.00 40.50 32 1.62 11/2 0.50

36 236 698 46.00 3.56 3.56 6.19 36.75 36.00 40.25 42.75 32 1.62 11/2 0.50

38 353 807 48.75 3.44 3.44 6.19 39.00 38.00 42.25 45.25 32 1.62 11/2 0.50

40 377 903 50.75 3.56 3.56 6.44 41.00 40.00 44.25 47.25 36 1.62 11/2 0.50

42 438 1058 53.00 3.81 3.81 6.75 43.00 42.00 47.00 49.50 36 1.62 11/2 0.50

44 480 1205 55.25 4.00 4.00 7.00 45.00 44.00 49.00 51.75 40 1.62 11/2 0.50

46 513 1317 57.25 4.06 4.06 7.31 47.12 46.00 51.00 53.75 40 1.62 11/2 0.50

48 566 1486 59.50 4.25 4.25 7.56 49.12 48.00 53.50 56.00 44 1.62 11/2 0.50

50 613 1635 61.75 4.38 4.38 8.00 51.25 50.00 55.50 58.25 44 1.88 13/4 0.50

52 684 1834 64.00 4.56 4.56 8.25 53.25 52.00 57.50 60.25 44 1.88 13/4 0.50

54 756 2051 66.25 4.75 4.75 8.50 55.25 54.00 59.50 62.75 44 1.88 13/4 0.50

56 824 2259 68.75 4.88 4.88 9.00 57.38 56.00 62.00 65.00 48 1.88 13/4 0.50

58 910 2513 71.00 5.06 5.06 9.25 59.38 58.00 64.00 67.25 48 1.88 13/4 0.50

60 956 2722 73.00 5.19 5.19 9.44 61.38 60.00 66.00 69.25 52 1.88 13/4 0.50

1 The bore of weld neck flanges is to be specified by the purchaser.2 Flat face flanges can be supplied either with the full thickness or thickness with raised face removed. Classes 75, 150, 300 flanges are

regularly furnished with a 0.06 in raised face which is included in the minimum flange thickness C. Classes 400, 600, 900 flanges are regularly furnished with a 0.25 in raised face which is additional to the minimum flange thickness C.

For ring joint the minimum flange thickness is from the bottom of the joint.


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26 291 477 38.25 3.12 3.31 7.25 28.38 26.00 29.50 34.50 28 1.75 15/8 0.38

28 352 584 40.75 3.38 3.56 7.75 30.50 28.00 31.50 37.00 28 1.75 15/8 0.44

30 405 685 43.00 3.62 3.75 8.25 32.56 30.00 33.75 39.25 28 1.88 13/4 0.44

32 465 793 45.25 3.88 3.94 8.75 34.69 32.00 36.00 41.50 28 2.00 17/8 0.44

34 523 919 47.50 4.00 4.12 9.12 36.88 34.00 38.00 43.50 28 2.00 17/8 0.50

36 580 1072 50.00 4.12 4.38 9.50 39.00 36.00 40.25 46.00 32 2.12 2 0.50

38 324 900 46.00 4.25 4.25 7.12 39.12 38.00 40.50 43.00 32 1.62 11/2 0.50

40 391 1066 48.75 4.50 4.50 7.62 41.25 40.00 42.75 45.50 32 1.75 15/8 0.50

42 428 1206 50.75 4.69 4.69 7.88 43.25 42.00 44.75 47.50 32 1.75 15/8 0.50

44 485 1378 53.25 4.88 4.88 8.12 45.25 44.00 47.00 49.75 32 1.88 13/4 0.50

46 559 1570 55.75 5.06 5.06 8.50 47.38 46.00 49.00 52.00 28 2.00 17/8 0.50

48 597 1745 57.75 5.25 5.25 8.81 49.38 48.00 51.25 54.00 32 2.00 17/8 0.50

50 674 1983 60.25 5.50 5.50 9.12 51.38 50.00 53.50 56.25 32 2.12 2 0.50

52 728 2194 62.25 5.69 5.59 9.38 53.38 52.00 55.50 58.25 32 2.12 2 0.50

54 871 2538 62.25 6.00 6.00 9.94 55.50 54.00 57.75 61.00 28 2.38 21/4 0.50

56 921 2728 67.25 6.06 6.06 10.25 57.62 56.00 59.75 63.00 28 2.38 21/4 0.50

58 968 2975 69.25 6.25 6.25 10.50 59.62 58.00 62.00 65.00 32 2.38 21/4 0.50

60 1032 3250 71.25 6.44 6.44 10.75 61.62 60.00 64.00 67.00 32 2.38 21/4 0.50





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FlangesASME B16.47






26 450 777 40.00 4.25 4.94 8.75 29.44 26.00 29.50 36.00 28 2.00 17/8 0.50

28 506 909 42.25 4.38 5.19 9.25 31.62 28.00 31.50 38.00 28 2.12 2 0.50

30 575 1074 44.50 4.50 5.50 9.75 33.94 30.00 33.75 40.25 28 2.12 2 0.50

32 642 1253 47.00 4.62 5.81 10.25 36.12 32.00 36.00 42.50 28 2.38 21/4 0.50

34 705 1427 49.00 4.75 6.06 10.62 38.31 34.00 38.00 44.50 28 2.38 21/4 0.56

36 800 1665 51.75 4.88 6.38 11.12 40.62 36.00 40.25 47.00 28 2.62 21/2 0.56

38 674 1509 50.00 6.00 6.12 10.00 40.25 38.00 41.50 45.75 28 2.38 21/4 0.56

40 725 1695 52.00 6.25 6.38 10.38 42.25 40.00 43.75 47.75 32 2.38 21/4 0.56

42 895 2028 55.25 6.62 6.75 11.00 44.38 42.00 46.00 50.50 28 2.62 21/2 0.56

44 951 2246 57.25 6.81 7.00 11.38 46.50 44.00 48.25 52.50 32 2.62 21/2 0.56

46 1055 2543 59.50 7.06 7.31 11.81 48.62 46.00 50.25 54.75 32 2.62 21/2 0.56

48 1247 2951 62.75 7.44 7.69 12.44 50.75 48.00 52.50 57.50 32 2.88 23/4 0.56

50 1423 3381 65.75 7.75 8.00 12.94 52.88 50.00 54.50 60.00 28 3.12 3 0.56

52 1493 3682 67.75 8.00 8.25 13.25 54.88 52.00 56.50 62.00 32 3.12 3 0.56

54 1637 4091 70.00 8.25 8.56 13.75 57.00 54.00 58.75 64.25 32 3.12 3 0.56

56 1843 4585 73.00 8.56 8.88 14.25 59.12 56.00 60.75 66.75 32 3.38 31/4 0.62

58 1954 4986 75.00 8.75 9.12 14.56 61.12 58.00 63.00 68.75 32 3.38 31/4 0.62

60 2353 5750 78.50 9.19 9.56 15.31 63.38 60.00 65.25 71.75 28 3.62 31/2 0.69





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241

FlangesASME B16.47






26 890 1110 42.75 5.50 6.31 11.25 30.50 26.00 29.50 37.50 20 2.88 23/4 0.44

28 1055 1350 46.00 5.62 6.75 11.75 32.75 28.00 31.50 40.25 20 3.12 3 0.50

30 1230 1610 48.50 5.88 7.18 12.25 35.00 30.00 33.75 42.75 20 3.12 3 0.50

32 1480 1940 51.75 6.25 7.62 13.00 37.25 32.00 36.00 45.50 20 3.38 31/4 0.50

34 1750 2310 55.00 6.50 8.06 13.75 39.62 34.00 38.00 48.25 20 3.62 31/2 0.56

36 1997 2660 57.50 6.75 8.44 14.25 41.88 36.00 40.25 50.75 20 3.62 31/2 0.56

38 2000 2690 57.50 7.50 8.50 13.88 42.25 38.00 43.25 50.75 20 3.62 31/2 0.75

40 2161 2950 59.50 7.75 8.81 14.31 44.38 40.00 45.75 52.75 24 3.62 31/2 0.81

42 2379 3280 61.50 8.12 9.12 14.62 46.31 42.00 47.75 54.75 24 3.62 31/2 0.81

44 3321 3810 64.88 8.44 9.56 15.38 48.62 44.00 50.00 57.62 24 3.88 33/4 0.88

46 3224 4430 68.25 8.88 10.86 16.18 50.88 46.00 52.50 60.50 24 4.12 4 0.88

48 3500 4860 70.25 9.19 10.38 16.50 52.88 48.00 54.50 62.50 24 4.12 4 0.94





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Pipe FlangesClass 75 Series BDimensions in inches.Series B is equivalent to API 605.





26 45.5 97.5 30.00 1.31 1.31 2.31 26.62 26.06 27.75 28.50 36 0.75 5/8 0.31

28 52.5 129 32.00 1.31 1.31 2.44 28.62 28.06 29.75 30.50 40 0.75 5/8 0.31

30 57.4 170 34.00 1.31 1.31 2.56 30.62 30.06 31.75 32.50 44 0.75 5/8 0.31

32 65.8 212 36.00 1.38 1.38 2.75 32.62 32.06 33.75 34.50 48 0.75 5/8 0.31

34 79.1 238 38.00 1.38 1.38 2.88 34.62 34.06 35.75 36.50 52 0.75 5/8 0.31

36 89.6 272 40.69 1.44 1.44 3.38 36.81 36.06 38.00 39.06 40 0.88 3/4 0.38

38 107 315 42.69 1.50 1.50 3.50 38.81 38.06 40.00 41.06 40 0.88 3/4 0.38

40 116 352 44.69 1.50 1.50 3.62 40.81 40.06 42.00 43.06 44 0.88 3/4 0.38

42 127 413 46.69 1.56 1.56 3.75 42.81 42.06 44.00 45.06 48 0.88 3/4 0.38

44 137 470 49.25 1.69 1.69 4.12 44.88 44.06 46.25 47.38 36 1.00 7/8 0.38

46 160 514 51.25 1.75 1.75 4.25 46.88 46.06 48.25 49.38 40 1.00 7/8 0.38

48 174 580 53.25 1.81 1.81 4.38 48.88 48.06 50.25 51.38 44 1.00 7/8 0.38

50 188 638 55.25 1.88 1.88 4.56 50.94 50.06 52.25 53.38 44 1.00 7/8 0.38

52 199 715 57.38 1.88 1.88 4.75 52.94 52.06 54.25 55.50 48 1.00 7/8 0.38

54 226 800 59.38 1.94 1.94 4.94 55.00 54.06 56.25 57.50 48 1.00 7/8 0.38

56 230 881 62.00 2.00 2.00 5.31 57.12 56.06 58.25 59.88 40 1.12 1 0.44

58 274 980 64.00 2.06 2.06 5.44 59.12 58.06 60.50 61.88 44 1.12 1 0.44

60 290 1062 66.00 2.19 2.19 5.69 61.12 60.06 62.50 63.88 44 1.12 1 0.44





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26 65.0 127.4 30.94 1.62 1.75 3.50 29.64 26.06 28.00 29.31 36 0.88 3/4 0.38

28 75.0 159.6 32.94 1.75 1.88 3.75 28.94 28.06 30.00 31.31 40 0.88 3/4 0.38

30 82.0 178.3 34.94 1.75 2.00 3.94 31.00 30.06 32.00 33.31 44 0.88 3/4 0.38

32 94.0 254.1 37.06 1.81 2.12 4.25 33.06 32.06 34.00 35.44 48 0.88 3/4 0.38

34 113.0 318.3 39.56 1.94 2.25 4.34 35.12 34.06 36.25 37.69 40 1.00 7/8 0.38

36 128.0 365.6 41.62 2.06 2.31 4.62 37.19 36.06 38.25 39.75 44 1.00 7/8 0.38

38 153.0 447.4 44.25 2.12 2.50 4.88 39.12 38.12 40.25 42.12 40 1.12 1 0.38

40 166.0 485.4 46.25 2.19 2.62 5.06 41.31 40.12 42.50 44.12 44 1.12 1 0.38

42 182.0 543.3 48.25 2.31 2.69 5.25 43.38 42.12 44.50 46.12 48 1.12 1 0.44

44 195.0 541.7 50.25 2.38 2.81 5.38 45.38 44.12 46.50 48.12 52 1.12 1 0.44

46 229.0 700.3 52.81 2.44 2.94 5.69 47.44 46.12 48.62 50.56 40 1.25 11/8 0.44

48 248.0 775.0 54.81 2.56 3.06 5.88 49.50 48.12 50.75 52.56 44 1.25 11/8 0.44

50 268.0 850.8 56.81 2.69 3.18 6.06 51.50 50.12 52.75 54.56 48 1.25 11/8 0.44

52 284.0 931.1 58.81 2.75 3.31 6.19 53.56 52.12 54.75 56.56 52 1.25 11/8 0.44

54 309.0 1030.0 61.00 2.81 3.44 6.38 55.62 54.12 56.75 58.75 56 1.25 11/8 0.44

56 329.0 1115.3 63.00 2.88 3.56 6.56 57.69 56.12 58.75 60.75 60 1.25 11/8 0.56

58 391.0 1348.3 65.94 2.94 3.68 6.88 59.69 58.12 60.75 63.44 48 1.38 11/4 0.56

60 414.0 1452.6 67.94 3.00 3.81 7.06 61.81 60.12 63.00 65.44 52 1.38 11/4 0.56





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26 193.0 378.4 34.12 3.50 3.50 5.69 27.62 26.19 29.00 31.62 32 1.38 11/4 0.56

28 211.0 444.2 36.25 3.50 3.50 5.88 29.75 28.19 31.00 33.75 36 1.38 11/4 0.56

30 258.0 560.9 39.00 3.69 3.69 6.22 32.00 30.25 33.25 36.25 36 1.50 13/8 0.56

32 315.0 870.2 41.50 4.06 4.06 6.62 34.00 32.25 35.50 38.50 32 1.62 11/2 0.62

34 339.0 954.9 43.62 4.06 4.06 6.81 36.12 34.25 37.50 40.62 36 1.62 11/2 0.62

36 380.0 1082.6 46.12 4.06 4.06 7.12 38.00 36.25 39.75 42.88 32 1.75 15/8 0.62

38 425.0 1231.9 48.12 4.38 4.38 7.56 40.00 38.25 41.75 44.88 36 1.75 15/8 0.62

40 459.0 1330.4 50.12 4.56 4.56 7.81 42.00 40.25 43.88 46.88 40 1.75 15/8 0.62

42 514.0 1404.4 52.50 4.69 4.69 8.06 44.00 42.31 46.00 49.00 36 1.88 13/4 0.62

44 567.0 1702.7 54.50 5.00 5.00 8.44 46.19 44.31 48.00 51.00 40 1.88 13/4 0.62

46 666.0 2061.9 57.50 5.06 5.12 8.75 48.38 46.31 50.00 53.75 36 2.00 17/8 0.62

48 687.0 2146.8 59.50 5.06 5.31 8.81 50.31 48.31 52.25 55.75 40 2.00 17/8 0.62

50 797.0 2530.2 61.50 5.44 5.50 9.25 52.38 50.31 54.25 57.75 44 2.00 17/8 0.62

52 806.0 2625.4 63.50 5.62 5.68 9.56 54.44 52.31 56.25 59.75 48 2.00 17/8 0.62

54 840.0 2800.0 65.88 5.38 5.88 9.44 56.50 54.31 58.25 62.12 48 2.00 17/8 0.62

56 1117.0 3786.0 69.50 6.06 6.18 10.56 58.81 56.31 60.50 65.00 36 2.38 21/4 0.69

58 1194.0 4117.0 71.94 6.06 6.38 10.81 60.94 58.31 62.75 67.44 40 2.38 21/4 0.69

60 1215.0 4263.2 73.94 5.94 6.56 10.69 62.94 60.31 65.00 69.44 40 2.38 21/4 0.69





FlangesASME B16.47

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245

FlangesASME B16.47

Pipe FlangesClass 600 Series BDimensions in inches.Series B is equivalent to API 605.Dimensions NPS 38 and larger arethe same as Series A flanges.





26 260.0 448.9 35.00 4.38 4.38 7.12 27.50 26.00 28.62 31.75 28 1.75 15/8 0.50

28 305.0 547.9 37.50 4.56 4.56 7.50 29.62 28.00 30.88 34.00 28 1.88 13/4 0.50

30 378.0 707.0 40.25 4.94 5.00 8.06 31.75 30.00 33.12 36.50 28 2.00 17/8 0.50

32 436.0 850.9 42.75 5.12 5.31 8.50 33.88 32.00 35.25 38.75 28 2.12 2 0.50

34 550.0 1113.2 45.75 5.56 5.68 9.19 36.00 34.00 37.50 41.50 24 2.38 21/4 0.56

36 591.0 1230.0 47.75 5.76 5.94 9.56 38.12 36.00 39.75 43.50 28 2.38 21/4 0.56

Class 900 Series BDimensions in inches.Series B is equivalent to API 605.Dimensions NPS 38 and larger arethe same as Series A flanges.





26 534.0 666.0 40.25 5.31 6.06 10.91 29.25 26.00 30.00 35.50 20 2.62 21/2 0.44

28 633.0 810.0 43.50 5.81 6.56 10.88 31.38 28.00 32.25 38.25 20 2.88 23/4 0.50

30 800.0 1047.1 46.50 6.12 6.93 11.38 33.50 30.00 34.50 40.75 20 3.12 3 0.50

32 1006.4 1319.2 48.75 6.31 7.31 11.94 35.75 32.00 36.50 43.00 20 3.12 3 0.50

34 1225.0 1617.0 51.75 6.75 7.68 12.56 37.88 34.00 39.00 45.50 20 3.38 31/4 0.56

36 1398.0 1862.1 53.00 6.81 7.94 12.81 40.00 36.00 40.50 47.25 24 3.12 3 0.56





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FlangesASME B16.47

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Dimensions and WeightsForged Fittings · Bolts and Nuts Index

249


• Forged FittingsSchmiedefittingsRaccords forgésRaccordi forgiatiAcessorios forjados

Socket Weld ........................................................................ 250Threaded ............................................................................ 252Plugs .................................................................................. 254Welding Bosses .................................................................... 255Unions ................................................................................ 257Hexagonal Nipples .............................................................. 259Round Nipples .................................................................... 260Bushings .............................................................................. 260Swage Nipples .................................................................... 260Correlation of Fitting Class .................................................. 261Welding Outlets .................................................................. 262Reinforced Nipples .............................................................. 263

Stud Bolts ............................................................................ 264Heavy Hex Nuts .................................................................. 265

• Bolts and NutsSchrauben und MutternBoulonnerieTiranti e DadiTuercas y Tornillos

Dimensions and WeightsForged Steel Fittings

250

Forged Steel FittingsASME B16.11 Socket Weld Forged Fittings 3000 & 6000 lbs

NB Socket Bore Diameter Socket Wall Bodywall Depth Centre to Bottom of Socket Laying Length End Wall

Bore Ø of Fitting Thickness Thickness of 90° Elbows 45° Elbows Coupl. Half Thickness

DN max & max & min ave 1 & min minimum Socket Tees & Crosses Coupl. Cap

in min 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 min 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000

mm B mm D mm D mm C mm C mm G mm G mm J mm A mm A mm A mm A mm E mm F mm K mm K mm1/8 11.2 7.6 4.8 3.18 3.96 2.41 3.15 9.5 11.0 11.0 8.0 8.0 6.5 16.0 4.8 6.4

6 10.8 6.1 3.2 3.18 3.43 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.5 ±1.01/4 14.6 10.0 7.1 3.78 4.60 3.02 3.68 9.5 11.0 13.5 8.0 8.0 6.5 16.0 4.8 6.4

8 14.2 8.5 5.6 3.30 4.01 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.5 ±1.03/8 18.0 13.3 9.9 4.01 5.03 3.20 4.01 9.5 13.5 15.5 8.0 11.0 6.5 17.5 4.8 6.4

10 17.6 11.8 8.4 3.50 4.37 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±3.0 ±1.51/2 22.2 16.6 12.5 4.67 5.97 3.73 4.78 9.5 15.5 19.0 11.0 12.5 9.5 22.5 6.4 7.9

15 21.80 15.0 11.0 4.09 5.18 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±3.0 ±1.53/4 27.6 21.7 16.3 4.90 6.96 3.91 5.56 12.5 19.0 22.5 13.0 14.0 9.5 24.0 6.4 7.9

20 27.2 20.2 14.8 4.27 6.04 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±3.0 ±1.5

1 34.3 27.4 21.5 5.69 7.92 4.55 6.35 12.5 22.5 27.0 14.0 17.5 12.5 28.5 9.6 11.2

25 33.9 25.9 19.9 4.98 6.93 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±4.0 ±2.0

11/4 43.1 35.8 30.2 6.07 7.92 4.85 6.35 12.5 27.0 32.0 17.5 20.5 12.5 30.0 9.6 11.2

32 42.7 34.3 28.7 5.28 6.93 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±4.0 ±2.0

11/2 49.2 41.6 34.7 6.35 8.92 5.08 7.14 12.5 32.0 38.0 20.5 25.5 12.5 32.0 11.2 12.7

40 48.8 40.1 33.2 5.54 7.80 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±4.0 ±2.0

2 61.7 53.3 43.6 6.93 10.92 5.54 8.74 16 38.0 41.0 25.5 28.5 19.0 41.0 12.7 15.7

50 61.2 51.7 42.1 6.04 9.50 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±4.0 ±2.0

21/2 74.4 64.2 8.76 7.01 16 41.0 28.5 19.0 43.0 15.7 19.0

65 73.9 61.2 7.67 ±2.5 ±2.5 ±5.0 ±2.5

3 90.3 79.4 9.52 7.62 16 57.0 32.0 19.0 44.5 19.0 22.4

80 89.8 76.4 8.30 ±2.5 ±2.5 ±5.0 ±2.5

4 115.7 103.8 10.69 8.56 19 66.5 41.0 19.0 48.0 22.4 28.4

100 115.2 100.7 9.35 ±2.5 ±2.5 ±5.0 ±2.5

1 Average of Socket Wall Thickness around periphery shall be no less than listed values. The minimum values are in localised areas.

For additional tolerances see page 384.

J

B

B

KJ

F

D

B C

J

E

D

B CG

J

A

C

DB

CA A

J

A

C

D

A

G

J

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C

C

D

J

A

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G

C

C

A


251

NB 90° Elbow Cross Tee 45° Elbow Coupling Half Coupling Cap

3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000

in kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg1/8 0.080 0.160 0.130 0.260 0.110 0.210 0.070 0.120 0.050 0.070 0.050 0.070 0.030 0.070

1/4 0.082 0.165 0.135 0.260 0.118 0.210 0.078 0.120 0.050 0.070 0.058 0.075 0.035 0.075

3/8 0.115 0.300 0.205 0.495 0.191 0.400 0.100 0.240 0.065 0.095 0.085 0.110 0.060 0.135

1/2 0.235 0.430 0.340 0.670 0.310 0.555 0.192 0.300 0.105 0.148 0.180 0.205 0.135 0.180

3/4 0.290 0.660 0.470 1.06 0.400 0.910 0.250 0.530 0.152 0.335 0.205 0.300 0.175 0.210

1 0.480 1.14 0.800 1.79 0.580 1.41 0.380 0.860 0.260 0.370 0.320 0.470 0.295 0.460

11/4 0.750 1.60 1.25 2.15 0.910 1.750 0.580 1.070 0.370 0.490 0.410 0.600 0.510 0.700

11/2 0.950 2.70 1.50 4.45 1.25 3.56 0.830 1.90 0.420 0.680 0.560 1.05 0.650 0.885

2 1.65 2.95 2.23 5.40 2.10 4.10 1.15 2.35 0.770 1.24 0.960 1.60 0.920 1.20

21/2 2.50 3.75 3.95 7.75 3.15 6.25 2.05 3.00 1.10 1.81 1.50 2.30 1.40 2.00

3 4.30 7.50 6.50 12.80 5.25 10.30 3.40 6.00 1.40 2.80 2.00 2.65 2.50 3.25

4 9.70 13.00 16.00 21.00 13.50 17.00 9.00 10.30 2.35 3.50 3.40 5.00 3.50 5.50

Note: Weights are not specified. These are approximate for shipping purposes.

J

B

B

KJ

F

D

B C

J

E

D

B CG

J

A

C

DB

CA A

J

A

C

D

A

G

J

B

C

C

D

J

A

BD

G

C

C

A


252

Forged Steel FittingsASME B16.11 Threaded Forged Fittings 3000 & 6000 lbs

NB DN Centre to End OD of Band Wall Thickness End to End OD End Wall End Length of

90° Elbow, 45° Elbow min Caps Coupling, Cap Thickness of to End Thread min1

Tee, Cross half Coupling Cap min Coup-

3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 ling

in mm A mm A mm C mm C mm H mm H mm G mm G mm P mm P mm D mm D mm G mm G mm W mm B mm L2 mm1/8 6 21 25 17 19 22 25 3.18 6.35 19 16 22 4.8 32 6.4 6.71/4 8 25 28 19 22 25 33 3.30 6.60 25 27 19 25 4.8 6.4 35 8.1 10.23/8 10 28 33 22 25 33 38 3.51 6.98 25 27 22 32 4.8 6.4 38 9.1 10.41/2 15 33 38 25 28 38 46 4.09 8.15 32 33 28 38 6.4 7.9 48 10.9 13.63/4 20 38 44 28 33 46 56 4.32 8.53 37 38 35 44 6.4 7.9 51 12.7 13.9

1 25 44 51 33 35 56 62 4.98 9.93 41 43 44 57 9.7 11.2 60 14.7 17.3

11/4 32 51 60 35 43 62 75 5.28 10.59 44 46 57 64 9.7 11.2 67 17.0 18.0

11/2 40 60 64 43 44 75 84 5.56 11.07 44 48 64 76 11.2 12.7 79 17.8 18.4

2 50 64 83 44 52 84 102 7.14 12.09 48 51 76 92 12.7 15.7 86 19.0 19.2

21/2 65 83 95 52 64 102 121 7.65 15.29 60 64 92 108 15.7 19.0 92 23.6 28.9

3 80 95 106 64 79 121 146 8.84 16.64 65 68 108 127 19.0 22.4 108 25.9 30.5

4 100 114 114 79 79 152 152 11.18 18.67 68 75 140 159 22.4 28.4 121 27.7 33.0

1 Dimension B is a minimum length of perfect thread. The length of useful thread (B plus threads with fully formed roots and flat crests) shallnot be less than L2 (effective length of external thread) required by American National Standard for Pipe Threads (ASME B1.20.1).

For additional tolerances see page 384.

C

H

C

L 2 B

A

H

H

A

H

H

A

A

AG

A

A


253

NB DN 90° Elbow Tee Cross 45° Elbow Coupling Half Coupling Cap

3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000 3000 6000

in mm kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg1/8 6 0.140 0.310 0.200 0.410 0.220 0.450 0.130 0.250 0.050 0.100 0.020 0.050 0.040 0.1601/4 8 0.140 0.310 0.205 0.410 0.220 0.450 0.130 0.250 0.056 0.105 0.028 0.053 0.047 0.160

3/8 10 0.265 0.500 0.305 0.600 0.400 0.700 0.250 0.350 0.066 0.115 0.033 0.058 0.058 0.2001/2 15 0.365 0.685 0.490 0.935 0.630 1.16 0.360 0.600 0.140 0.370 0.070 0.185 0.125 0.290

3/4 20 0.600 1.25 0.800 1.59 0.990 1.80 0.530 0.950 0.200 0.450 0.110 0.225 0.210 0.395

1 25 1.08 1.65 1.31 2.14 1.63 2.50 0.780 1.22 0.390 1.00 0.195 0.500 0.370 0.700

11/4 32 1.22 2.75 1.61 3.39 1.97 4.10 1.02 1.35 0.730 1.65 0.365 0.830 0.600 1.10

11/2 40 2.45 3.22 3.20 4.50 3.70 5.20 1.70 2.55 1.03 1.85 0.510 0.920 0.730 1.35

2 50 2.50 6.25 3.55 10.00 4.90 12.30 2.35 5.60 1.35 2.80 0.660 1.40 1.10 2.10

21/2 65 5.25 10.00 6.50 13.00 10.50 14.00 5.40 8.00 2.30 4.00 1.15 2.00 2.31 3.50

3 80 7.40 17.00 9.25 19.50 11.50 25.00 6.00 15.50 3.15 5.50 1.57 2.75 3.00 4.80

4 100 13.00 34.50 17.00 38.00 21.70 43.00 10.50 23.00 5.80 10.00 2.90 5.00 4.50 7.50

Note: Weights are not specified. These are approximate for shipping purposes.

BB

D

L 2

W

D

L 2

W2 L 2

D

P

B

G


254

Forged SteelForged Steel Plugs · ASME B16.11

Nominal DN Length Plugs Square Head Plugs Round Head Hex Plugs

Pipe Size min Height of Width Flats Weight1 Nominal Ø Length Weight1 Width Flats Height of Weight1

Square min min of Head min (Nominal) Hex min

in mm A mm B mm C mm kg E mm D mm kg F mm H mm kg1/8 6 10 6 7 0.016 10 35 11 61/4 8 11 6 10 0.016 14 41 0.048 16 6 0.0263/8 10 13 8 11 0.028 18 41 0.070 18 8 0.0471/2 15 14 10 14 0.048 21 44 0.130 22 8 0.0713/4 20 16 11 16 0.090 27 44 0.220 27 10 0.130

1 25 19 13 21 0.170 33 51 0.320 36 10 0.218

11/4 32 21 14 24 0.273 43 51 0.500 46 14 0.410

11/2 40 21 16 28 0.400 48 51 0.720 50 16 0.490

2 50 22 18 32 0.600 60 64 1.35 65 18 0.770

21/2 65 27 19 36 0.890 73 70 2.20 75 19 1.61

3 80 28 21 41 1.25 89 70 3.30 90 21 1.94

4 100 32 25 65 3.10 114 76 6.00 115 25 4.50

1 Weights are not specified and are approximate for shipping purposes.

See page 255 for Hex Head Bushings + Flush Bushings.

H

A

F

D

E

A

C

B


255

Welding Bosses · Screwed · BS 3799

Nominal Size Length of thread Length Bore Diameter Outside Diameter Weight 1

3000 6000 3000 6000

in mm L2 mm A mm b mm D mm D mm kg kg1/8 (6) 6.70 38 8.4 16 22 0.05 0.101/4 (8) 10.21 41 11.1 19 26 0.06 0.113/8 (10) 10.36 45 14.2 22 32 0.07 0.121/2 (15) 13.56 51 18.0 29 38 0.14 0.373/4 (20) 13.86 51 23.0 35 45 0.20 0.45

1 (25) 17.34 51 29.0 45 60 0.39 1.00

11/2 (40) 18.38 51 44.0 64 76 1.03 1.85

2 (50) 19.22 51 56.0 76 95 1.35 2.80

21/2 (65) 28.89 51 67.0 95 2.30

3 (80) 30.48 57 82.0 110 3.15

4 (100) 33.02 64 95.0 140 5.80


Welding Bosses · Socket Weld · BS 3799

Nominal Size Bore Ø of Socket wall thickn. (min) Bore Ø of fitting Length Depth of Weight 2

socket (min) 3000 6000 3000 6000 socket (min) 3000 6000

in mm B mm C mm C mm d1 mm d1 mm F mm S mm kg kg1/8 (6) 10.7 3.2 6.8 28 10 0.0541/4 (8) 14.1 3.3 9.2 32 10 0.0723/8 (10) 17.6 3.5 12.5 34 11 0.0911/2 (15) 21.8 4.1 5.2 15.5 11.8 38 13 0.19 0.243/4 (20) 27.4 4.3 6.1 21.0 15.5 38 13 0.25 0.30

1 (25) 34.1 5.0 7.0 26.5 20.7 35 16 0.41 0.45

11/2 (40) 49.0 5.6 7.8 40.5 34.0 32 19 0.50 0.65

2 (50) 61.0 6.1 9.5 52.0 43.0 29 22 0.67 0.91

21/2 (65) 73.8 7.7 10.4 62.0 54.0 29 22 0.86 1.14

3 (80) 89.7 8.3 12.2 78.0 66.0 29 22 1.03 1.25

1 d corresponds to Sch 40.2 Weights are not specified and are approximate for shipping purposes.

F

d 1.6 mm

B

S

45°

C

A

b 1.6 mm

L2

45°

D


256

Forged SteelUnions 3000 · Socket Weld · BS 3799

Nominal Size min Depth Distance Bore Socket wall Bore Thickness Width Height Weight2

of Socket between diameter thickness diameter of shoulder across flats of nut min

bottoms of of sockets min of union min of nut min

sockets min

in mm S mm A mm B mm C mm d1 mm E mm F mm G mm kKg1/8 (6) 10 17 10.7 3.2 6.8 3.2 32 16 0.141/4 (8) 10 17 14.1 3.3 9.2 3.2 32 18 0.163/8 (10) 10 17 17.6 3.5 12.5 3.2 36 19 0.201/2 (15) 10 18 21.8 4.1 15.5 4.0 41 21 0.353/4 (20) 13 20 27.4 4.3 21.0 4.8 50 24 0.43

1 (25) 13 26 34.1 5.0 26.5 4.8 60 25 0.65

11/4 (32) 13 28 42.9 5.3 35.0 5.6 70 29 0.98

11/2 (40) 13 30 49.0 5.6 40.5 5.6 78 30 1.26

2 (50) 16 36 61.0 6.1 52.0 6.4 95 37 2.01

21/2 (65) 16 57 73.8 7.7 62.0 9.6 125 48 5.50

3 (80) 16 70 89.7 8.3 78.0 12.7 140 51 8.00

1 d corresponds to Sch 40.2 Weights are not specified and are approximate for shipping purposes

Bd

G

S

E E

C

SA

F


257

Unions 3000 · Screwed · BS 3799

Nominal Size End to End Width A Heigth of Width across Thickness of Length Weight1

across flats union nut min flats of ends shoulder min of thread min

union nut min min

in mm A mm B mm C mm D mm E mm L2 mm kg1/8 (6) 40 32 16 17 3.2 6.70 0.141/4 (8) 43 32 18 19 3.2 10.21 0.163/8 (10) 48 36 19 22 3.2 10.36 0.201/2 (15) 51 43 21 30 4.0 13.56 0.353/4 (20) 57 50 24 36 4.8 13.86 0.43

1 (25) 64 60 25 41 4.8 17.34 0.65

11/4 (32) 70 70 29 50 5.6 17.93 0.98

11/2 (40) 79 78 30 60 5.6 18.38 1.26

2 (50) 89 95 37 70 6.4 19.22 2.01

21/2 (65) 118 125 48 85 9.6 28.89 5.50

3 (80) 121 140 51 100 12.7 30.48 8.00

Note: Other external forms of nut and ends are permissible provided the minimum s shown in this table are maintained.1 Weights are not specific and are approximate for shipping purposes.

DL2

C

A

E E

EB


258

Screwed Hexagonal Nipples · BS 3799

Nominal Size A W E b b C F Weight1

Equal Reducing (min) (min) (min) 3000 6000 (min) (min) 3000 6000

in mm in mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kg kg1/8 (6) 11 26 10 5 2 6 0.041 0.0411/4 (8) 15 36 15 8 6 6 0.041 0.041

1/4 x 1/8 (8 x 6) 15 31 15 5 2 6 10 0.041 0.0413/8 (10) 18 40 16 11 8 8 0.045 0.045

3/8 x 1/4 (10 x 8) 18 39 16 8 6 8 15 0.041 0.0411/2 (15) 22 48 20 14 11 8 0.080 0.12

1/2 x 3/8 (15 x 10) 22 44 20 11 8 8 16 0.075 0.111/2 x 1/4 (15 x 8) 22 43 20 8 6 8 15 0.070 0.10

3/4 (20) 27 52 21 19 13 10 0.15 0.173/4 x 1/2 (20 x 15) 27 50 21 14 11 9 20 0.14 0.163/4 x 3/8 (20 x 10) 27 46 21 11 8 9 16 0.12 0.15

1 (25) 35 60 25 24 17 10 0.24 0.30

1 x 3/4 (25 x 20) 35 56 25 19 13 10 21 0.22 0.28

1 x 1/2 (25 x 15) 35 55 25 14 11 10 20 0.20 0.26

11/2 (40) 50 68 26 38 30 16 0.45 0.63

11/2 x 1 (40 x 25) 50 67 26 24 17 16 25 0.43 0.60

11/2 x 3/4 (40 x 20) 50 63 26 19 13 16 21 0.41 0.58

11/2 x 1/2 (40 x 15) 50 62 26 14 11 16 20 0.40 0.56

2 (50) 62 71 27 49 39 17 0.76 0.93

2 x 11/2 (50 x 40) 62 70 27 38 30 17 26 0.74 0.91

2 x 1 (50 x 25) 62 70 27 24 17 18 25 0.73 0.90

2 x 3/4 (50 x 20) 62 65 27 19 13 17 21 0.70 0.88

2 x 1/2 (50 x 15) 62 65 27 14 11 18 20 0.69 0.86


CE

A A/F Hex

W

F

Reducing

CE

A A/F Hex

W

E

b b

Equal


259

Screwed Round Nipples · BS 3799

Nominal Size Std. Lengths L1 Wall thickness t Weight kg 2,3

3000 6000 3000 6000

in mm mm mm mm mm1/8 (6) 50 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.050 0.0751/4 (8) 50 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.075 0.113/8 (10) 50 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.11 0.171/2 (15) 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.16 0.253/4 (20) 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.22 0.36

1 (25) 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.31 0.54

11/2 (40) 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.53 0.95

2 (50) 75 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 0.74 1.31

21/2 (65) 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 1.12 2.00

3 (80) 100 150 Sched. 80 XXS 1.46 2.65

4 (100) 150 Sched. 80 XXS 2.15 4.00

1 Other lengths are available when specified. 2 Weights not specified and are approximate for shipping purposes.3 Weights here are for 100mm length. Weights for other lengths can be calculated pro-rata.

Screwed Bushings · BS 3799Hex Head Bushings ASME B16.11

Nominal Size C + G D E Weight1 A Weight1

in mm mm mm mm kg mm kg1/4 (8) 3 16 15 0.027 11 0.0203/8 (10) 4 18 16 0.036 13 0.0291/2 (15) 5 22 20 0.055 14 0.0393/4 (20) 6 27 21 0.082 16 0.063

1 (25) 6 35 25 0.15 19 0.12

11/4 (32) 7 45 26 0.28 21 0.23

11/2 (40) 8 51 26 0.31 21 0.25

2 (50) 9 64 27 0.51 22 0.42

21/2 (65) 10 76 41 1.14 27 0.75

3 (80) 10 90 42 1.35 28 0.90

4 (100) 13 118 45 2.90 32 2.06

1 Weights are not specified. These are approximate for shipping purposes.2 For L2 see screwed elbows, tees and crosse. Internal thread size specified by purchaser.

Flush bushings are of length A and weight 2/3 of Hex Head Bushings.

L

t

D

L 2

C E

L 2

G A

BS 3799 ASME B16.11


260

Swage Nipples · BS 3799

Nominal Size Parallel Length Eccentricity E Thickness T and t Weight kg1

(min) A (min) B (min) C 3000 6000 Screwed/ Plain 6000 Screwed 3000 6000

Plain 3000 6000

in mm mm mm mm mm mm3/8 x 1/4 (10 x 8) 76 48 16 1.6 0.0641/2 x 3/8 (15 x 10) 89 56 19 1.6 0.1341/2 x 1/4 (15 x 8) 89 56 19 3.2 0.1363/4 x 1/2 (20 x 15) 95 57 22 2.4 2.4 sch160 XXS 0.180 0.2583/4x 3/8 (20 x 10) 95 57 22 4.0 0.180

1 x 3/4 (25 x 20) 102 64 22 2.8 2.0 0.250 0.423

1 x 1/2 (25 x 15) 102 64 22 5.2 4.4 0.250 0.423

11/2 x 1 (40 x 25) 114 70 25 6.7 6.4 0.600 1.10

11/2 x 3/4 (40 x 20) 114 70 25 9.5 8.3 0.600 1.10

11/2 x 1/2 (40 x 15) 114 70 25 11.9 10.7 0.600 1.10

2 x 11/2 (50 x 40) 165 108 29 5.6 5.2 1.14 2.20

2 x 1 (50 x 25) 165 108 29 12.7 11.5 1.14 2.20

2 x 3/4 (50 x 20) 165 108 29 15.5 13.5 1.14 2.20

2 x 1/2 (50 x 15) 165 108 29 17.5 15.9 1.14 2.20

21/2 x 2 (65 x 50) 178 114 32 4.8 3.2 1.69 3.05

21/2 x 11/2 (65 x 40) 178 114 32 10.3 8.3 1.69 3.05

3 x 21/2 (80 x 65) 203 133 41 7.1 6.7 2.90 5.25

3 x 2 (80 x 50) 203 133 41 11.9 9.9 2.90 5.25

3 x 11/2 (80 x 40) 203 133 41 17.5 15.5 2.90 5.25

4 x 3 (100 x 80) 229 140 48 11.9 10.7 4.20 7.80

4 x 21/2 (100 x 65) 229 140 48 19.1 17.5 4.20 7.80

1 Thickness and outside diameters of swage nipples shall correspond to those of the appropriate nominal pipe size.Weights are not specified and are approximate for shipping purposes.

All sizessch XXS

All sizessch 80

All sizessch 160

Plain Screwed Plain Screwed

B

A

T

E

t

C


261

Correlation for Fittings Class with Schedule Number or Wall Designation of Pipe for Calculation of Ratings

Pressure Class Type of Fitting Pipe 1 used for Rating Basis

Designation of Fittings Schedule No. Designation

2000 Threaded 80 XS

3000 Threaded 160

6000 Threaded – XXS

3000 Socket Weld 80 XS

6000 Socket Weld 160

9000 Socket Weld – XXS

1 Pipe actually used may be thinner, or thicker. When thinner pipe is used its strength may govern the rating. When thicker pipe is used thestrength of the fitting governs the rating.

Types of Fittings by Class and Size Range

Description Socket Weld Threaded

3000 6000 9000 2000 3000 6000

45°, 90° Elbow 1/8–4 1/8–2 1/2–2 1/8–4 1/8–4 1/8–4

Tees, Crosses 1/8–4 1/8–2 1/2–2 1/8–4 1/8–4 1/8–4

Coupling, Half Coupling 1/8–4 1/8–2 1/2–2 1/8–4 1/8–4 1/8–4

Caps 1/8–4 1/8–4 1/2–2 – 1/8–4 1/8–4

Plugs1 1/8–4 1/8–4 1/8–4

Bushings1 1/8–4 1/8–4 1/8–4

1 Plugs and Bushings are not identified by pressure class.

Dimensions and WeightsForged Fittings

262

Branch Outlet FittingsWeldolets, Sockolets, Threadolets, Elbowlets, Laterolets, Re-inforced Nipples

These are generally made to a manufacturers own standard, following the principals of ANSI B16.11 and BS 3799.Weights are given here for some sizes.

All of these fittings are specified by material, output size and pipe run size and rating/wall thickness: eg Weldolet: A105, 1“, 6-36“, Sch 80.A 1“ Sch 80 outlet suitable for run pipe of NB 6“ to 36“ in A105.

Weldolets, Threadolets and SockoletsWeights in kg

NB 3000 6000 Butt Weld

in Threaded Socket Weld Threaded Socket Weld Std XS Sch 160 XXS1/4 0.065 0.070 0.045 0.0503/8 0.100 0.105 0.075 0.0781/2 0.125 0.132 0.425 0.307 0.095 0.100 0.23 0.243/4 0.240 0.240 0.690 0.405 0.160 0.175 0.33 0.34

1 0.379 0.370 1.05 0.700 0.23 0.27 0.53 0.55

11/4 0.460 0.465 1.45 0.950 0.32 0.39 0.75 0.80

11/2 0.660 0.650 2.30 1.25 0.42 0.50 1.00 1.10

2 0.950 1.02 2.90 1.87 0.60 0.85 1.40 1.50

21/2 1.45 1.50 4.25 2.50 0.95 1.30 2.10 2.25

3 2.05 2.39 7.07 4.00 1.20 1.72 3.40 3.65

4 3.80 3.80 10.40 6.30 2.20 3.30 4.75 5.00

6 4.77 6.85 11.48 14.97

8 8.20 13.03 24.76 25.50

10 12.37 16.45 36.85 32.43

12 20.00 30.45 79.78 60.63

14 25.45 32.84

16 34.54 46.41

18 44.09 58.98

Weights are not specified and are approximate for shipping purposes.

Dimensions and WeightsForged Fittings

263

Elbowlets and LateroletsWeights in kg

NB 3000 6000 Butt Weld

in Threaded Socket Weld Threaded Socket Weld Std/XS Sch 160 XXS1/4 0.22 0.223/8 0.17 0.191/2 0.17 0.45 0.19 0.48 0.15 0.39 0.433/4 0.37 0.82 0.39 0.90 0.32 0.68 0.84

1 0.58 1.50 0.68 1.55 0.52 1.25 1.45

11/4 1.00 2.35 1.10 2.40 0.88 2.00 2.35

11/2 1.35 3.11 1.50 3.20 1.10 2.75 3.15

2 2.10 4.85 2.36 5.00 1.80 4.25 4.85


Re-inforced NipplesWeights in kg

NB in Sch 40/80 Sch 160 XXS1/2 0.20 0.29 0.343/4 0.34 0.39 0.46

1 0.50 0.66 0.73

11/4 0.65 0.88 1.07

11/2 0.80 1.15 1.35

2 1.22 1.65 1.90


Dimensions and WeightsBolts and Nuts

264

Bolts and NutsANSI B18.2 · Stud Bolts

Nom. L w L w L w L w L w L w L w L w

Size in mm kg mm kg mm kg mm kg mm kg mm kg mm kg mm kg3/8 60 2.7 70 3.1 80 3.5 90 3.9 100 4.3 120 5.1 130 5.7 150 6.67/16 60 3.8 70 4.4 80 5.0 100 6.2 120 7.4 140 8.4 160 9.6 180 10.91/2 60 4.8 70 5.6 75 6.0 80 6.4 90 7.2 120 9.6 160 12.8 200 16.09/16 60 6.1 80 8.1 100 10.1 120 12.1 150 15.1 180 18.1 200 20.2 230 23.25/8 70 9.0 100 12.6 120 15.0 150 18.6 180 22.7 200 25.3 220 27.8 240 30.33/4 80 14.8 100 18.6 120 22.4 150 28.1 180 33.2 200 36.9 220 40.1 250 46.17/8 90 23.0 120 30.8 150 38.6 180 46.4 200 51.0 220 56.1 240 61.2 260 66.3

1 100 33.2 120 40.0 150 50.2 200 67.4 230 76.4 250 83.4 280 93.4 300 99.4

11/8 110 48.2 150 65.2 200 87.2 220 95.2 250 108 280 121 300 130 360 156

11/4 120 65.6 150 81.6 200 109 230 125 270 146 300 162 350 189 400 217

13/8 130 86.4 150 100 200 133 250 167 300 199 350 233 400 266 460 306

11/2 140 115 200 164 250 205 300 239 350 279 400 318 450 358 500 398

15/8 150 142 200 189 250 235 300 282 350 330 400 377 500 472 560 528

13/4 160 178 200 222 250 278 300 333 350 387 400 442 500 553 560 619

17/8 170 218 200 256 250 319 300 383 350 447 400 512 500 639 620 792

2 220 321 250 365 300 438 350 511 400 584 500 728 600 874 660 961

21/4 230 430 300 563 350 658 400 745 500 932 550 1026 600 1119 700 1305

21/2 320 743 400 928 450 1044 500 1160 550 1276 600 1392 650 1508 700 1624

23/4 340 959 400 1128 450 1269 500 1410 550 1551 600 1692 650 1833 700 1974

3 380 1283 400 1350 450 1520 500 1688 550 1857 600 2026 650 2195 700 2363

L = Length · w = weight in kg per 100 pieces

Note: The weight of a stud bolt of any length can be calculated approximately:

Weight (kg) per 100 of length L = x weight in tableL

length in table L


265

ANSI B18.2 · Heavy Hex Nuts

Nominal Threads per in Widths across flats S Thickness h Width across corners e Wgt of 100

Size in in mm in mm in mm kg3/8 16 11/16 17.5 3/8 9.1 3/4 19.7 1.47/16 14 3/4 19.0 7/16 10.7 7/8 22.0 1.91/2 13 7/8 22.2 1/2 12.3 1 25.4 3.09/16 12 15/16 23.8 9/16 13.9 11/16 27.0 3.75/8 11 11/16 27.0 5/8 15.5 11/4 31.2 5.43/4 10 11/4 31.7 3/4 18.7 13/8 35.7 8.87/8 9 17/16 36.5 7/8 21.8 15/8 41.6 13.5

1 8 15/8 41.3 1 25.0 17/8 47.2 19.3

11/8 8 113/16 46.0 11/8 28.2 21/16 52.0 26.9

11/4 8 2 50.8 11/4 31.0 21/4 57.8 35.7

13/8 8 23/16 55.6 13/8 34.1 21/2 63.5 46.3

11/2 8 23/8 60.3 11/2 37.3 23/4 69.3 59.5

18/8 8 29/16 65.1 15/8 40.5 215/16 75.0 73.6

13/4 8 23/4 69.8 13/4 43.6 31/16 78.6 92.7

17/8 8 215/16 74.6 17/8 46.8 33/8 85.5 109.5

2 8 31/8 79.4 2 50.0 39/16 90.0 135.8

21/4 8 31/2 88.9 21/4 56.0 315/16 100.0 190.3

21/2 8 37/8 98.4 21/2 62.3 43/8 111.6 256.0

23/4 8 41/4 108.0 23/4 70.0 47/8 124.3 335.0

3 8 45/8 117.5 3 76.2 53/8 135.3 432.0

e

h

30°

d

S


266

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

ValvesIndex

269

Valves

General Descriptions of Valves with Diagrams ...................... 270Materials:Mechanical and Chemical Properties .................... 278Valve Specifications ............................................................ 280Testing of Valves .................................................................. 282End to End Dimensions ........................................................ 284Pressure/Temperature Ratings .............................................. 296

Armaturen

Allgemeine Beschreibung der Armaturen mit Diagrammen ................................................................ 270Werkstoffe: chemische und mechanische Eigenschaften ...... 278Armaturenspezifikationen .................................................... 280Prüfung der Armaturen ........................................................ 282Einbaumaße ........................................................................ 284Druck-/Temperaturwerte ...................................................... 296

Vannes

Description générale des vannes avec plans ........................ 270Matériaux: Propriétés chimiques et mécaniques .................. 278Spécifications des vannes .................................................... 280Tests des vannes .................................................................. 282Dimensions hors tout .......................................................... 284Gamme de Pression/Températures ...................................... 296

Valvole

Descrizione delle valvole e loro diagrammi .......................... 270Materiali: Caratteristiche chimiche e fisiche .......................... 278Specifiche valvole ................................................................ 280Prove di collaudo delle valvole .............................................. 282Scartamento ........................................................................ 284Pressioni/Temperatura di esercizio ........................................ 296

Válvulas

Descripción general de válvulas con diagramas .................... 270Materiales, propiedades mecánicas y quimicas .................... 278Especificaciones .................................................................. 280Inspección de válvulas .......................................................... 282Dimensiones de cara a cara ................................................ 284Tabla de presiones/temperaturas .......................................... 296

ValvesGeneral Description of Valves

270

Basic Introduction to Valve TypesAir/Vacuum Breaker Valve · To release pressure or vacuumwhen filling or emptying a tank or pipeline, automatic operation.Used as depression limiting devices on condensers, tanks or otherequipment which, for any reason, are subject to contractions inthe volume of the liquid they contain.

Ball Valve

• Types: side entry · top entry• Pattern: floating ball · trunnion mounted• Construction: single body · split body · bolted body · fully

welded body · double block and bleed · soft seated · metalseated

Butterfly Valve · An economical bi-directional valve with a quarter turn, low torque operation. Uses a rotating disc as closingelement and provides tight shutoff in the closed position. Alsosuitable for flow regulation.

Used in refineries, power generation plants, off-shore, gas and oiltransportation.

Spherical closure between two seats, which rotates about an axis which is perpendicular to the direction of flow, with holebored through. Operated by a quarter turn, by wrench or gearbox. May be full or reduced bore and body construction maybe in one, two or three pieces, bolted or fully welded. Side/endentry valves are assembled through the side of the valve, topentry valves through the top.

Floating ball valves for small sizes, trunnion mounted (seat supported) valves with a bottom bearing for large sizes and highpressures.

A double block and bleed valve has two seating surfaces which inthe closed position provide blockage of flow from both valveends when the cavity between the sealing surface is vented ordrained.

Valves can be multi-port, 3 way and 4 way.

Generally all types are fire safe designed with anti-static devicesand blow out proof stems.

Ball valves have the advantage of positive tight shut off, lowoperating torque and low resistance to flow.

Used for refineries, power generation plants, off-shore, gas andoil transportation, and drilling applications.

Ball

Body Shaft Seat Ring

Side Entry Trunnion Mounted

• Types:cold working pressure rated butterfly valves that normally have a concentric disc and seat · pressure-temperature rated butterfly valves whose seat rating may beless than their body rating, and which have an offset seatwith either a concentric or eccentric disc configuration.

• Patterns: Wafer · Lug · Flanged• Construction: Soft lined · Metal seated

Upper StemUpper Ring

O' RingO' RingBodySpacer

Bushing

O' RingSeat

Disk

Lower StemSpacer

Lower RingBushing

PlugWasher

Wafer type Lug type Flanged type


271

• Types: swing · lift piston · lift ball · wafer · tilting disc• Pattern: straight way · angle · oblique (Y)· single plate · dual

plate• Construction: bolted cover · welded cover · pressure seal

cover

Choke Valve · A dependable means of controlling pressure onservice applications. In two different configurations, with fixedorifice (positive) and adjustable.

Positive configuration has a replaceable element (flow bean) witha fixed orifice diameter. Adjustable configuration has an externally controlled variable orifice with a visual mechanism toindicate orifice increments. Used for drilling applications.

• Types: plug · cage• Pattern: straight way· angle• Construction: fixed orifice· adjustable

Control Valve · For regulation of fluid flow, used with appropriate pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical actuation.Automatic control by response to a process signal, or self actingthrough up-stream and down-stream pressure differential.

Used for high control and regulation of flow.

• Types: globe · ball• Pattern: single seated · double seated, invertible type · V

port• Construction: double port · multi port 3 way

Diaphragm Valve

Check Valve

Self-acting valve allowing unlimited flow in one direction onlyand restraining flow in the opposite direction.

Swing check valves have a disc held by an arm which rotates on a pin contained in the upper portion of the valve. The disk swingsaway from the seat upon exertion of fluid pressure on theupstream side. When the flow direction reverses, the reversalpressure and the weight of the disc closes the disc against theseat, stopping backflow.

Lift check valves operate with a piston or ball as closing memberto provide some damping. They are best suited for moderatevelocity applications.

Dual plate check, wafer type valves operate with two hinged discsand are used to save space to be fitted between two flanges.

Tilting disc check valves have a closure element which pivots onsupport pins located close to the centre of gravity of the disc.This, together with the contoured shape of the disc, providesrapid closing while minimising slamming and vibration.

Check valves perform the single function of preventing reversal offlow in a pipe. Used for refineries, power generation plants, off-shore, gas and oil transportation and drilling aplications.

Cover

Cover GasketCover Bolt

Hinge PinHinge

Disc

Seat Ring

Body

Swing Check

Spring

Body

Plate (Disc)

Plate (Disc)

Dual Plate Wafer Check

Felt WasherHandwheel

Stem

Bonnet

Body Studs Compressor

Body

Diaphragm

Stem Nut

Body Nuts

Flexible elastomeric diaphragm with a piston operated by amulti-turn handle. The diaphragm isolates the valve workingparts from the operating fluid.

Suitable for tight shut-off service applications, especially inchemical plants.

• Pattern: weir · straight through• Construction: sealed bonnet · lined body


272

Float Valve · Automatic control and maintenance of fluid levels in tanks and vessels. Medium level can be regulated inmany ways. The double equilibrated disc allows a gradual closingwithout vibrations.

• Types: fixed stroke · adjustable stroke• Pattern:straight way · angle

Gate Valve

Through conduit gate valves use a parallel disc, extended with acircular port to obtain a smooth bore in the open position. Knifegate valves use a narrow section parallel disc tapered at the endto provide a simple cutting edge.

Yoke

Bonnet

Wedge

Seat Ring

Body

Stem

Wedge Gate valve

Disc with two seats as the closing element, raised and loweredwith a stem. The closure member moves in a plane perpendicularto the direction of flow. Wedge gates are tapered and may besolid, flexible or double disc (split) type. Parallel slide have twodiscs separated by an expanding spring that keeps the upstreamand downstream seats in sliding contact and improves the seating load at low fluid pressure.

SolidWedge

FlexibleWedge

SplitWedge

ExpandingWedge

Wedge

Bonnet

Yoke

Seat Ring

Body

Stem

Through Conduit Gate valve

All types are provided with a secondary stem sealing capability orback seat in addition to the primary stem seal.

Used preferably for services that require infrequent valve operation, and where disc is kept either in fully opened or closedposition. Gate valves provide bi-directional on-off service withminimal pressure drop and flow turbulance.

Used for refineries, power generation plants, off-shore, gas andoil transportation, and drilling activities.

• Types: wedge gate · through conduit · parallel slide · knife• Pattern: standard · wafer· slab• Construction: bolted bonnet · welded bonnet · pressure seal

bonnet


273

Globe Valve Piston Valve

Closure member is a disc moved squarely on and off the seat.A single direction flow valve that may be straight, angle oroblique (Y) pattern. Parabolic, ball or needle shaped disc forthrottling and regulating service. Stop check globe valve type inthe open position allows unlimited flow in one direction and noflow in the opposite direction.

All types are provided with a secondary stem sealing capability orback seat in addition to the primary stem seal.

The globe valve seating construction increases resistance andtherefore permits close regulation of flow.

Used mainly for moderate control or regulation of flow, due tothe seating design which causes a change in direction of flowthrough valve body.


• Types: on-off · throttling · stop check• Pattern: straight way · angle · oblique (Y) pattern• Construction: bolted bonnet · welded bonnet · pressure seal

bonnet

Disc types

Plug Needle Ball Parabolic Soft inserted Equilibrated

Stem

Gland

Body Seat Ring

Handwheel

Body

Gland PackingBonnet GasketBack SeatDisk Stem Nut

Disk

Bonnet

Yoke Bush

Yoke

The disc is replaced with a piston arrangement and a lanternbush, and elastomer upper and lower valve rings. In order toprovide a constant load to the sealing rings, the valve is providedwith cup springs below the bonnet stud bolts that have beenadjusted to the correct tightening moment.

Used for durable perfect tightness and for resistance to etchingof process fluids, especially for steam installations.

• Types: stop · flow control• Pattern: straight way · angle• Construction:with standard lantern bush · with regulating

lantern

Plug Valve

Conical or cylindrical closure member which rotates about an axiswhich is perpendicular to the direction of flow. Operated by aquarter turn, wrench or gear box. A sealing compound (lubricant)is usually injected between the plug and valve body.

Cover Nut

Lantern Bush

Disk SpringWasher

Lower Valve Ring

Stainless Steel Piston

Upper Valve Ring

Gland

Gland Packing

Body

Lubricant Screw

Plug

Cover

Lubricant Grooves


274

Multi port in various flow configurations, two way coaxial port,three way, four way.

Sleeved Plug Valves have a soft insert between the plug andvalve body.


• Types: tapered · parallel plug · standard · inverted · pressurebalanced

• Pattern: short · regular · venturi · round full port• Construction: lubricated · non-lubricated · soft seated ·

sleeve lined

Pressure Reducing and Controlling Valve · Automatic valve for reduction and maintenance of upstream line pressureirrespective of pressure changes or flow variation. A balancedsingle-seat disc arrangement guarantees stable operation without noise. Can be pilot operated and equipped with integralstrainer.

Safety and Safety relief Valve · A pressure relieving spring loaded device actuated by the static pressureupstream of the valve which discharges the medium automatically, to prevent a pre-determined safe-pressure beingexceeded. May be low-lift type, where the discharge areadepends on the lift, and full-lift where the discharge area doesnot depend on the lift. Can be pilot operated, allowing more reliability and superior performance compared with traditionalspring loaded versions.

• Types: low lift · full lift• Pattern: straight way · angle• Construction: metal seated · soft seated · with balancing

bellows

Solenoid Valve · A type where the closing member movesunder the action of a solenoid. A combination of two basic functional units, a solenoid (electro-magnet) with its core(plunger), and an orifice in which the closure element is positioned to stop or allow flow. The valve is opened or closed bymovement of the magnetic core which is drawn into the solenoidwhen the coil is energised.

• Types : disc operated · pilot operated · pressure operated• Pattern: disc · diaphragm · piston• Construction: floating · hung · multi port 3-4 way

Strainer · Not a valve but a piece of equipment for providing afine filtering action for inline installation for the decontaminationof fluids. Filter elements are screens (perforated plates in basketor cylinder shape) that allow the filtering action with a low pressure drop. A strainer assures free flow of fluid whilst sediments are accumulated on the screen which can be removedat regular intervals.

Adjusting Scew

Yoke Nut

Gasket

Spring Washer

Spring

Stem

Bonnet

Bolt

Gasket

Guide

Pin

Disk-Holder

Disk

Screw

BlowdownBlowdown Ring

Gasket

Screw

Body

Nozzle

Gasket

Cap

Safety Relief valve


275

When a valve has to operate at very low temperatures, oftendown to –196° C., apart from material selection criteria, designfeatures require an extended bonnet and stem to isolate the closure elements from the actuator mechanism. Applicable onlyfor ball, gate and globe valves.

Emergency Shut Down Service · Usually automatic ball

Bellows Seal Gate valve Bellows Seal Globe valve

Cryogenic Ball valve

Bypass · A smaller valve used for equalising the pressurearound the disc of the main valve before opening. The bypassvalve can form an integral part of the main valve or can beattached by piping. Bypasses are usually installed only with gateand globe valves.

Cryogenic Service

valves actioned by a pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical actuatorare employed for this service and operate “fail safe”.

Fire Safe Design · Fire safe Ball, Plug and Butterfly valves have a secondary metal to metal seal for use when the non-metallicprimary seal is destroyed by fire, to ensure operating continuity.Manufacturers can qualify a specific design by testing to standards eg API 607, API 6FA or BS 6755 part2.

Manœuvre · All types of valves except check, can be operatedmanually with hand or chain wheel, with gear assistance or byusing actuators. Lock open and lock closed features can bedesigned in or added as a separate device.

A wide range of electric, hydaulic or pneumatic actuators areavailable for different output torques and thrusts.

Cryogenic Gate valve Cryogenic Globe valve

Design Options and Manœvre

Anti-Static · Valves with non-metallic (soft) seating usuallyrequire anti-static devices to ensure electrical continuity betweenall valve components. A stainless steel or inconel spring betweenthe stem and the closure member acts as an anti-static device.

Bellows Seal · A flexible metallic component that provides anhermetic seal capable of following the closure element stroke inthe opening and closing position. The stem of the valve is weld-sealed to the body with the bellows to eliminate fugitive emissions through the most vulnerable leakage path of the valve,the stem packing surface.

Mainly used for gate and globe valves in special environmentalconditions with a dangerous medium.


276

MaterialsMechanical and Chemical Properties · Materials are

selected for strength, ductility and corrosion resistance suitable for various temperature ranges. Various materials ascastings or forgings are specified in national or internationalstandards. See overleaf for the more common ASTMStandards.

Body/Bonnet · Materials are listed in the appropriate valve standards. Pressure and temperature limits for the materialsare given for particular valve ratings. See for exampleANSI/ASME B16.34 in the following pages.

Ratings · Are based on the valve body or for flanged valves, the flange if its rating is less. The bonnet or cover, stem, disc, bolts, nuts and any other pressure retaining parts areselected consistent with the rating.

Valve Parts · Are defined in the relevant standards, specifications and manufacturers data sheets. They coverclosure element (obdurator), body and back seat(s), stem,bolting nut, stem nut, packing, gaskets and other parts.

Valve Trims · Are specified in API 600 and other standards. Trim parts are disc, disc seats, body seats andstem and may include bushings, bolts and nuts etc. Plasticand elastomeres are very common but care must be takenwith temperature limitations.

Trim materials · Are the manufacturers standard trimmaterial for the combination number, CN, stated in the purchase order. An alternative CN may be furnished in accordance with this table:

Specified CN Alternative CN

1 8 or 8A

2 10

5A 5

6 8

8A 8

Note: if the alternative CN is specified in the order, the specified CNcannot be supplied without purchaser agreement.

Ball valves have the stem extended and are usually equipped withdrain lines and grease injectors piped up to the top of the extension for easier access.

Taps and Drains · When a valve has to be internally cleanedand purged frequently, auxiliary conections such as taps anddrains are connected to the valve body for this purpose.

The position of these auxillary connections are shown in standardASME B16.34.

Underground Service · When valves are to be installed below ground on buried pipelines or where they are not easilyaccessible, a special operating device is required for gate andglobe valves.

Valves

277

Materials

Typical Trim Material based on API 600The trim combination number, CN, identifies both the stem material and the associated seating surfaces

Part Combination number Material description Brinnell hardness

Stem (shall be wrought material) 1 and 4 through 8A 13Cr 200 HB min

275 HB max

2 18Cr-8Ni not specified


9 or 11 NiCu alloy not specified

10 or 12 18Cr-8Ni-Mo not specified

13 or 14 19Cr-29Ni not specified

Seating surfaces 1 13Cr 250 HB min

2 18 Cr-8Ni not specified


4 13Cr 750 HB min

5 or 5A HF 350 HB min

6 13Cr/ 250 HB min

CuNi 175 HB min

7 13Cr/ 250 HB min

13Cr 750 HB min

8 or 8A 13Cr/ 250 HB min

HF 350 HB min

9 NiCu alloy not specified

10 18Cr-8Ni-Mo not specified

11 or 11 A NiCu alloy/ not specified

HF 350 HB min

12 or 12A 18Cr-8Ni-Mo not specified

HF 350 HB min


14 or 14A 19Cr- 29Ni/ not specified

HF 350 HB min

notes Backseat surfaces for CN 1 and 4 through 8A shall have a minimum hardness of 250 HB

HF = Hard Facing using CoCr or NiCr welding alloy. The suffix A applies to NiCr

Free machining grades of 13Cr shall not be used

For CN 1 a differential hardness of at least 50 Brinell points is required between mating surfaces

When two materials are separated by a slash this denotes two separate materials, one for the seat ring seating surface and the other forthe gate seating surface without implying a preference for which is to be applied to other part

ValvesMaterials

278

Mechanical and Chemical PropertiesStandard Form Grade Description Mechanical Properties min

Tensile Yield Charpy J Hardness

N/mm2 N/mm2 ave/min/T °C HB max

ASTM A105 Forged Carbon Steel 485 250 187

ASTM A126 Cast CLB Cast Iron 214

ASTM A182 Forged F5 4–6% Chromium 485 275 143–217

Forged F6a 13% Chromium Cl1 485 275 143–207

Cl2 585 380 167–229

Cl3 760 585 235–302

Cl4 895 760 263–321

Forged F11 11/4% Chromium 1/2% Molybdenum Cl2 485 275 143–207

Forged F22 21/4% Chromium 1% Molybdenum Cl3 515 310 156–207

Forged F304 18 Chromium 8 Nickel 515 205

Forged F304L 18 Chromium 8 Nickel Low Carbon 485 170

Forged F316 18 Chromium 8 Nickel Molybdenum Modified 515 205

Forged F316L 18 Cr 8 Ni Mo Modified Low Carbon 485 170

Forged F321 18 Chromium 8 Nickel Titanium Stabilised 515 205

Forged F347 18 Chromium 8 Nickel Columbium Stabilised 515 205

ASTM A216 Cast WCB Carbon Steel 485–655 250

ASTM A217 Cast WC1 Carbon Molybdenum 450–620 240

Cast WC4 Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 485–655 275

Cast WC5 Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 485–655 275

Cast WC6 11/4% Chromium 1/2% Molybdenum 485–655 275

Cast WC9 21/4% Chromium 1% Molybdenum 485–655 275

Cast WC11 11/4% Chromium 1/2% Molybdenum 550–725 345

Cast C5 5% Chromium 1/2% Molybdenum 620–795 415

Cast C12 9% Chromium 1% Molybdenum 620–795 415

Cast CA15 13% Chromium 620–795 450

ASTM A350 Forged LF2 Low Temperature Carbon Steel 485–655 250 20/16–46°C 197max

Forged LF3 Low Temperature Nickel Steel 485–655 260 20/16–101°C 197max

ASTM A351 Cast CF3 18 Chromium 8 Nickel Low Carbon 485 205

Cast CF8 18 Chromium 8 Nickel 485 205

Cast CF3M 18 Cr 8 Ni Mo Modified Low Carbon 485 205

Cast CF8M 18 Chromium 8 Nickel Molybdenum Modified 485 205

Cast CF8C 18 Chromium 8 Nickel Columbium Modified 485 205

Cast CN7M Alloy 20 (20% Cr, 30% Ni, 2% Mo, 3% Cu) 425 170

Cast CD4MCu 25% Chromium 5% Nickel 2% Mo 3% Copper 690 485

ASTM A352 Cast LCB Low Temperature Carbon Steel 450–620 240 18/14–46°C

Cast LC1 Low Temperature Carbon Molybdenum Steel 450–620 240 18/14–59°C

Cast LC3 Low Temperature 3.1/2% Nickel Steel 485–655 275 20/16–101°C

Cast LC9 Low Temperature 9% Nickel Steel 585 515 27/20–196°C

ASTM A694 Forged F42 High Strength Carbon Manganese Steel 415 290

Forged F52 High Strength Carbon Manganese Steel 455 360



ASTM B148 Cast 955 Aluminium Bronze 620 275 190

Valves

279


C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Cu Ni

0.35 0.60–1.05 0.10–0.35 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.40 0.40 V 0.08

0.750 0.120

0.15 0.30–0.60 0.50 0.030 0.030 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65 0.50

0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.5–13.5 0.50

0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.5–13.5 0.50

0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.5–13.5 0.50

0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 11.5–13.5 0.50

0.10–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.50–1.00 0.040 0.040 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65

0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.50 0.040 0.040 2.00–2.50 0.87–1.13

0.08 2.00 1.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0

0.035 2.00 1.00 0.045 0.030 18.0–20.0 8.0–13.0

0.08 2.00 1.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–14.0

0.035 2.00 1.00 0.045 0.030 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 10.0–15.0

0.08 2.00 1.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 5C � Ti � 0.70

0.08 2.00 1.00 0.045 0.030 17.0–20.0 9.0–13.0 10C � Nb � 1.10

0.30 1.00 0.60 0.040 0.045 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.50 V 0.03, Cu+Ni+Mo+V+Cr � 1.00

0.25 0.50–0.80 0.60 0.040 0.045 0.35 0.45–0.65 0.50 0.50 Tu 0.10, Cu+Ni+Cr+V+Tu � 1.00

0.05–0.20 0.50–0.80 0.60 0.040 0.045 0.50–0.80 0.45–0.65 0.50 0.70–1.10 Tu 0.10, Cr+Ni+Cu+Tu � 0.60

0.05–0.20 0.40–0.70 0.60 0.040 0.045 0.50–0.90 0.90–1.20 0.50 0.60–1.00 Tu 0.10, Cr+Ni+Cu+Tu � 0.60

0.05–0.20 0.50–0.80 0.60 0.040 0.045 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.65 0.50 0.50 Tu 0.10, Cu+Ni+Tu+Cr+V � 1.00

0.05–0.18 0.40–0.70 0.60 0.040 0.045 2.00–2.75 0.90–1.20 0.50 0.50 Tu 0.10, Cu+Ni+Tu+Cr+V � 1.00

0.15–0.21 0.50–0.80 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.015 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.65 0.35 0.50 Al 0.01 V 0.030, Cu+Ni+V+Cr+Tu � 1.00

0.20 0.40–0.70 0.75 0.040 0.045 4.00–6.50 0.45–0.65 0.50 0.50 Tu 0.10, Cu+Ni+Tu+Cr+V � 1.00

0.20 0.35–0.65 1.00 0.040 0.045 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.20 0.50 0.50 Tu 0.10, Cu+Ni+Tu+Cr+V � 1.00

0.15 1.00 1.50 0.040 0.040 11.5–14.00 0.50 1.00

0.30 1.35 0.15–0.30 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.40 0.40 Nb 0.02 V 0.03

0.20 0.90 0.20–0.35 0.035 0.040 0.30 0.12 0.40 3.25–3.75 Nb 0.02 V 0.03

0.03 1.50 2.00 0.040 0.040 17.0–21.0 0.50 8.0–12.0

0.08 1.50 2.00 0.040 0.040 18.0–21.0 0.50 8.0–11.0

0.03 1.50 1.50 0.040 0.040 17.0–21.0 2.0–3.0 9.0–13.0

0.08 1.50 1.50 0.040 0.040 18.0–21.0 2.0–3.0 9.0–12.0

0.08 1.50 2.00 0.040 0.040 18.0–21.0 0.50 9.0–12.0 8C � Nb � 1.0

0.07 1.50 1.50 0.040 0.040 19.0–22.0 2.0–3.0 3.00–4.00 27.5–30.5

0.04 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.04 24.5–26.5 1.75–2.25 2.75–3.25 4.75–6.00

0.30 1.00 0.60 0.040 0.045 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.50 V 0.03 Cu+Ni+Mo+Cr+V � 1.00

0.25 0.50–0.80 0.60 0.040 0.045 0.45–0.65

0.15 0.50–0.80 0.60 0.040 0.045 3.00–4.00

0.13 0.90 0.45 0.040 0.045 0.50 0.20 0.30 8.50–10.00 V 0.03

0.26 1.40 0.15–0.35 0.025 0.025

0.26 1.40 0.15–0.35 0.025 0.025

0.26 1.40 0.15–0.35 0.025 0.025

0.26 1.40 0.15–0.35 0.025 0.025

3.50 78 min 3.00–5.50 Fe 3.00–5.00 Al 10.00–11.50

Materials

Valves

280

Valve SpecificationsAPI 6A Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment

6D Specification for Pipeline Valves (Steel Gate, Plug, Ball and Check Valves)

591 User Acceptance of Refinery Valves

593 Ductile Iron Plug Valves, Flanged Ends

594 Wafer and Wafer Lug Check Valves

595 Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged Ends

598 Valve Inspection and Testing

599 Metal Plug Valves, Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends

600 Steel Gate Valves- Flanged and Welding Ends

602 Compact Steel Gate Valves- Flanged, Threaded, Welding, and Extended-Body Ends

603 Class 150, Cast, Corrosion Resistant, Flanged-End Gate Valves

604 Ductile Iron Gate Valves, Flanged Ends

606 Compact Steel Gate Valves – Extended Body

607 Fire Test for Soft Seated Quarter-Turn Valves

609 Lug Type and Wafer Type Butterfly Valves

ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose

B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B16.10 Face to Face and End to End Dimensions of Valves

B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded

B 16.25 Butt Welding Ends

B16.34 Valves- Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends

B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges

BS 1414 Steel Wedge Gate Valves for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries.

1868 Steel Check Valves for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries

1873 Steel Globe and Globe Stop and Check Valves for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries

2080 Face-to-Face, Centre-to-Face, End-to-End and Centre-to-End Dimensions of Valves

5146 Inspection and Test of Steel valves for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries

5150 Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disk Gate Valves for General Purposes

5151 Cast Iron Gate (Parallel Slide) Valves for General Purposes

5152 Cast Iron Globe and Globe Stop Check Valves for General Purposes

5153 Cast Iron Check Valves for General Purposes

5154 Copper Alloy Globe, Globe Stop Check, Check and gate Valves

5155 Butterfly Valve

5156 Diaphragm Valves

5157 Steel Gate (Parallel Slide) Valves

5158 Cast Iron and Carbon Steel Plug Valves

5159 Cast Iron and Carbon Steel Ball valves

5160 Steel Globe Valves, Globe Stop Check Valves and Lift Type Check Valves

5351 Steel Ball Valves for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries

5352 Specification for Steel Wedge Gate, Globe and Check Valves 50 mm and smaller

for the Petroleum,Petrochemical and Allied Industries

5353 Steel Plug Valves

5998 Quality Levels for Steel Valve Castings

Specifications

Valves

Valves

281

Valve SpecificationsBS 6364 Valves for Cryogenic Service

6755 Testing of Valves – Part 1 Specification for Production Pressure Testing Requirements

– Part 2 Specification for Fire Type Testing Requirements

DIN 3202 Face-to-face and Centre-to-Face Dimensions

3230 Technical Conditions of Delivery of Valves

3239 Valve Welding Ends

3352 Gate Valves

3354 Butterfly Valves

3356 Globe Valves

3357 Ball valves

3437 Gas Stopvalves

3840 Valve Bodies-Strength Calculation in respect of Internal Pressure

5210 Industrial Valves – Multi-Turn Valve Actuator Attachments

MSS SP 6 Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End Flanges of Valves and Fittings

25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions

42 Class 150 Corrosion Resistant Gate, Globe, Angle and Check Valves with Flanged and Butt-Weld Ends

53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings – Magnetic Particle Examination Method

54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings – Radiographic Examination Method

55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings – Visual Method

61 Pressure Testing of Steel Valves

67 Butterfly Valves

68 High Pressure – Offset Seat Butterfly Valves

70 Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

71 Cast Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

72 Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for General Service

78 Cast Iron Plug Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

80 Bronze Gate,Globe,Angle and Check Valves

81 Stainless Steel, Bonnetless, Flanged Knife Gate Valves

82 Valve Pressure Testing Methods

84 Valves-Socket Welding and Threaded Ends

85 Cast Iron Globe & Angle Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

88 Diaphragm Type Valves

93 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings – Liquid Penetrant Examination Method

94 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings – Ultrasonic Examination Method

98 Protective Epoxy Coatings for the Interior of Valves and Hydrants

99 Instrument Valves

101 Part-Turn Valve Actuator Attachment: Flange and Driving Component

Dimensions and Performance Characteristics

102 Multi-Turn Valve Actuator Attachment: Flange and Driving Component

Dimensions and Performance Characteristics

108 Resilient Seated-Eccentric Cast Iron Plug Valves

110 Ball Valves Threaded, Socket Welding, Solder Joint, Grooved and Flared Ends

Specifications

ValvesPressure Tests

282

API 598Tests Required: valves NPS 4 and smaller up to and incl. class 1500, and above NPS 4 up to and incl. class 600

Test Description Gate Globe Plug Check Floating Ball Butterfly and Trunnion Mounted Ball

Shell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Back Seat1 Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A N/A

Low Pressure Closure Yes Optional5 Yes4 Optional5 Yes Yes

High Pressure Closure2 Optional5,6 Yes3 Optional4,5,6 Yes Optional5,6 Optional5,6

1 Either high pressure or low pressure test at manufacturer’s option. Required for all valves with this feature except bellows seal valves2 May degrade subsequent sealing performance of resiliant-seated valves in low pressure service3 Power operated: at 110% of the design differential pressure used for sizing the power operator4 For lubricated Plug Valves, high pressure closure is mandatory and low-pressure closure is optional.5 When purchaser specifier an optional test, it shall be performed in addition to the required test.6 A high pressure closure test is requested for all valves specified as double block and bleed.

Tests Required: valves NPS 4 and smaller above class 1500 and above NPS 4 above class 600

Test Description Gate Globe Plug Check Floating Ball Butterfly and Trunnion Mounted Ball

Shell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Back Seat1 Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A N/A

Low Pressure Closure Optional4 Optional4 Optional4 Optional4 Yes Optional4

High Pressure Closure2 Yes Yes3 Yes Yes Optional4,5 Yes3

1 Either high pressure or low pressure test at manufacturer’s option. Required for all valves with this feature except bellows seal valves2 May degrade subsequent sealing performance of resiliant-seated valves in low pressure service3 Power operated: at 110% of the design differential pressure used for sizing the power operator4 When purchaser specifier an optional test, it shall be performed in addition to the required test.5 A high pressure closure test is requested for all valves specified as double block and bleed.

Shell Test PressureSteel Valves: as ANSI B16.34 (see facing page), except class 800 screwed and socket-weld where the test pressure is 11/2 times thepressure rating at 100 ˚F (38 ˚C) rounded off to the next higher increment of 25 psi or 1 bar.

Other Test Pressures

Test Valve Type Pressure

P.S.I.G. Bar

Low Pressure Closure and Back Seat1 All 60 – 100 4 – 7

High Pressure Closure and Back Seat1 Butterfly Valves 110% of design differential pressure at 100 ˚F (38 ˚C)

All other steel valves 110% of maximum allowable pressure at 100 ˚F (38 ˚C) in accordance with purchase specification

1 Where applicable

Test Duration seconds minimum

Valve Size NPS Check Other

in Shell Closure Backseat Shell Closure Backseat

� 2 60 60 15 15 15 15

2 1/2 – 6 60 60 60 60 60 60

8 – 12 60 60 60 120 120 60

� 14 120 120 60 300 120 60

ValvesPressure Tests

283

API 598Test Leakage Rates Allowable for closure tests, past the seats only

Valve Size NPS All resilient All metal and non-resilient seated valves except check Metal and non-resilient seated check valves

in seated valves Liquid (drops per minute)1 Gas (bubbles per minute) Liquid Gas

� 2 0 0 0

2 1/2 – 6 0 12 24

8 – 12 0 20 40

� 14 0 2/min/NPS size in 4/min/NPS size in

N.B. NO LEAKAGE allowed for shell or back seat tests, or other than past the seats for closure tests1 Drops per minute. 1 millilitre = 16 drops

High-Pressure Pneumatic Shell Test

Required when specified by the client, after hydrostatic test. Test is 110% of the maximum allowable pressure at 38 °C ( 100 °F).

ASME B16.34Shell Test Pressure

1.5 x 100 ˚F rating, rounded to next higher 25 psi increment. Fluid: water, kerosene, or suitable fluid with viscosity � water at � 125 ˚F

Shell Test Duration

Valve Size NPS in � 2 2 1/2 – 8 � 10

Test Time, sec. 15 60 180

Closure Test Pressure110% of 100 ˚F rating

At manufacturer’s option, a gas closure test at 80 psi can be substituted for valves � 12 NPS � 400 class, � 4 NPS all classes

Closure Test Duration

Valve Size NPS in � 2 2 1/2 – 8 10 – 18 � 20

Test Time, sec. 15 30 60 120

Notes

1. Closure tests apply to valves designed for shut off or isolation service.2. Test fluid as shell test.3. Double seated valves shall have test pressure applied successively on each side of closed valve.4. For other valves, pressure shall be applied in the directions producing the most adverse seating condition, except marked one

way valves.5. For valves where the pressure differential is less than 100 ˚F pressure rating, test pressure shall be 110% of maximum specified

closed position differential pressure. Manufacturer’s nameplate data shall include this limitation.

0.18 cu in (3cc)

per minute per

inch of nominal

pipe size

1.5 cu ft

(0.042 cu m)

per hour per inch of

nominal pipe size

Valves

284

Sizes and face-to-face/end-to-end dimensionsASME B16.10 Steel

Class 150 Dimensions in mm

Nominal Flanged End (2 mm in Raised Face)1 and Welding End

Valve Size Plug Globe, Lift, Angle and Lift Y-Globe and

Short Regular Short and Venturi Round Port, Check and Check Y-Swing

Pattern Pattern Reg. Pattern Pattern Full Bore Swing Check2 Check

NPS in DN A A B A A A and B D and E A and B1/4 8 102 513/8 10 102 511/2 15 108 57 1403/4 20 117 64 152

1 25 140 176 127 70 165

11/4 32 140 76 184

11/2 40 165 222 165 83 203

2 50 178 267 178 267 203 102 229

21/2 65 190 305 298 216 108 279

3 80 203 330 203 343 241 121 318

4 100 229 305 356 229 432 292 146 368

5 125 254 381 381 3564 178

6 150 267 394 457 394 4064 203 470

8 200 292 457 521 457 495 248 597

10 250 330 533 559 533 622 311 673

12 300 356 610 635 610 698 349 775

14 350 686 686 787 394

16 400 762 762 9145 457

18 450 864 864 9786

20 500 914 914 9786

22 550 10676

24 600 1067 1067 12956

26 650 12956

28 700 14486

30 750 15246

32 800

34 850 1016

36 900 19566

1 For flanged valves with flat face or RTJ face, see the table for adjustment to dimensions at end of this section.2 These dimensions are not intended to cover the type of check valve having the seat angle at approximately 45 deg. to the run of the valve,

or the “Underwriter Pattern”, or other patterns where large clearances are required.3 Double disc and conduit only.

A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E

ValvesSizes and face-to-face/end-to-end dimensions

ASME B16.10 Steel

285


Nominal Gate Ball

Valve Size Flanged End1 Welding End

Solid Wedge and Conduit Solid Wedge, Double Long Pattern Short Pattern Long Pattern Short Pattern

Double Disc Disc and Conduit

NPS in DN A A B A A B B1/4 8 102 1023/8 10 102 1021/2 15 108 108 108 108 1403/4 20 117 117 117 117 152

1 25 127 127 127 127 165

11/4 32 140 140 140 140 178

11/2 40 165 165 165 165 190 190

2 50 178 178 216 178 178 216 216

21/2 65 190 190 241 190 190 241 241

3 80 203 203 282 203 203 282 282

4 100 229 229 305 229 229 305 305

5 125 254 381

6 150 267 267 403 394 267 457 403

8 200 292 292 419 457 292 521 419

10 250 330 330 457 533 330 559 457

12 300 356 356 502 610 356 635 502

14 350 381 381 572 686 381 762 572

16 400 406 406 610 762 406 838 610

18 450 432 432 660 864 914 660

20 500 457 457 711 914 991 711

22 550 508 762 1092

24 600 508 508 813 1067 1143 813

26 650 559 559 8643 1245

28 700 610 610 9143 1356

30 750 610 660 9143 1397

32 800 711 9653 1524

34 850 762 10163 1626

36 900 711 813 10163 1727

4 Globe and horizontal lift check only. The face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions for Class 150 steel flanged and butt welding end, swingcheck valves in NPS 5 is 330 and in NPS 6 is 356.

5 Globe and horizontal lift check only. The face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of swing check valves in NPS 16 is 864.6 Swing check only.

Tolerances: NPS 10 and smaller: ±2 mm, NPS12 and larger: ±3 mm

A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E

ValvesSizes and face-to-face/end-to-end dimensionsASME B16.10 Steel

286

Class 300Dimensions in mm

Nominal Flanged End (2 mm in Raised Face1) and Welding End

Valve Size Gate, Solid Wedge, Plug

Double Disc & Conduit Short and Venturi Short and Venturi Regular Round Port,

Pattern Pattern Pattern Full Bore

NPS in DN A and B A B A A and B1/2 15 1402

3/4 20 1522

1 25 1652 1593 190

11/4 32 1782

11/2 40 190 1903 241

2 50 216 216 2673 282

21/2 65 241 241 3053 330

3 80 282 282 3303 387

4 100 305 305 3563 457

5 125 381

6 150 403 403 457 403 559

8 200 419 419 521 502 686

10 250 457 457 559 568 826

12 300 502 502 635 711 965

14 350 762 7624 7624 762

16 400 838 8384 8384 838

18 450 914 9144 9144 914

20 500 991 9914 9914 991

22 550 1092 10924 10924 1092

24 600 1143 11434 11434 1143

26 650 1245 12454 12454 1245

28 700 1346 13464 13464 1346

30 750 1397 13974 13974 1397

32 800 1524 15244 15244 1524

34 850 1626 16264 16264 1626

36 900 1727 17274 17274 1727

1 For flanged valves with flat face or RTJ face, see table for adjustment to dimensions at the end of this section.2 Solid wedge only.3 Short pattern only.4 Venturi pattern only.

Tolerances: NPS 10 and smaller: ±2 mm, NPS 12 and larger: ±3 mm.

A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E


ASME B16.10 Steel

287

Dimensions in mm

Nominal Globe and Angle and Swing Check Ball

Valve Size Lift Check Lift Check Flanged1 and Welding End

Long Pattern Short Pattern Long Pattern

NPS in DN A and B D and E A and B A A and B B1/2 15 152 76 140 1403/4 20 178 89 152 152

1 25 203 102 216 165 165

11/4 32 216 108 229 178 178

11/2 40 229 114 241 190 190 190

2 50 267 133 267 216 216 216

21/2 65 292 146 292 241 241 241

3 80 318 159 318 282 282 282

4 100 356 178 356 305 305 305

5 125 400 200 400

6 150 444 222 444 403 403 457

8 200 559 279 533 502 419 521

10 250 622 311 622 568 457 559

12 300 711 356 711 648 502 635

14 350 838 762 572 762

16 400 864 838 610 838

18 450 978 914 660 914

20 500 1016 991 711 991

22 550 1118 1092 1092

24 600 1346 1143 813 1143

26 650 1346 1245 1245

28 700 1499 1346 1346

30 750 1594 1397 1397

32 800 1524 1524

34 850 1626 1626

36 900 2083 1727 1727

A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E


288


Nominal Flanged End (7 mm Raised Face)1 and Welding End

Valve Ball Gate Plug Globe, Lift Check, Angle and Lift Check,

Size and Swing Check,

Long Solid Wedge, Short Regular Round Round Long Short Long Short

Pattern Double Disc Pattern2 and Venturi Bore, Bore, Pattern Pattern2 Pattern Pattern2

and Conduit Pattern Full Port Full Port

Long Pattern

NPS in DN A and B A and B B A and B A B A and B B D and E E1/2 15 165 1653 165 833/4 20 190 1903 190 95

1 25 216 216 133 2165 254 216 133 108

11/4 32 229 229 146 2295 229 146 114

11/2 40 241 241 152 241 318 241 152 121

2 50 292 292 178 292 330 292 178 146 108

21/2 65 330 330 216 330 381 330 216 165 127

3 80 356 356 254 356 444 356 254 178 152

4 100 432 432 305 432 508 559 432 305 216 178

5 125 508 381 508 381 254 216

6 150 559 559 457 559 660 711 559 457 279 254

8 200 660 660 584 660 794 845 660 584 330

10 250 787 787 711 787 940 1016 787 711 394

12 300 838 838 813 838 1067 1067 838 813 419

14 350 889 889 889 889 8897

16 400 991 991 991 991 9917

18 450 1092 1092 1092 10926 10927

20 500 1194 1194 1194 11946 11947

22 550 1295 1295 12956 12957

24 600 1397 1397 1397 13976 13977

26 650 1448 1448 14486 14487

28 700 1549 1549 16007

30 750 1651 1651 16516 16517

32 800 1778 17784 17786

34 850 1930 19304 19306

36 900 2083 20834 20836 20837

1 For flanged valves with flat face or RTJ face, see the table for 3 Solid wedge only. Tolerances:adjustment to dimensions at the end of this section. 4 Double disc and conduit only. NPS 10 and smaller: ±2 mm

2 These dimensions apply to pressure seal or flangeless bonnet valves. 5 Regular pattern only. NPS 12 and larger: ± 3mmThey may be applied at the manufacturer‘s option to valves with 6 Venturi pattern only.flanged bonnets. 7 Swing check only.

A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E


ASME B16.10 Steel

289



Valve Gate Plug Globe Lift Check, and Angle and Lift Check Ball

Size Solid Wedge, Double Disc, Regular Round Port Swing Check

and Conduit and Full Bore

Long Short Venturi Long Short Long Short Long

Pattern Pattern2 Pattern Pattern Pattern2 Pattern Pattern2 Pattern

NPS in DN A and B B A and B A A and B B D and E E A and B1/2 15 216 1083/4 20 229 114

1 25 2543 140 2544 254 127 254

11/4 32 2793 165 2794 279 140 279

11/2 40 3053 178 3054 356 305 152 305

2 50 368 216 3684 381 368 216 184 368

21/2 652 419 254 4194 432 419 254 210 419

3 80 381 305 3814 470 381 305 190 152 381

4 100 457 356 4575 559 457 356 229 178 457

5 125 559 432 559 432 279 216

6 150 610 508 610 737 610 508 305 254 610

8 200 737 660 737 813 737 660 368 330 737

10 250 838 787 838 965 838 787 419 394 838

12 300 965 914 965 1118 965 914 483 457 965

14 350 1029 991 1029 991 514 495 1029

16 400 1130 1092 11305 11306 1092 660 1130

18 450 1219 12196 737 1219

20 500 1321 13215 13216 826 1321

22 550

24 600 1549 15496 991 1549

1 For flanged valves with flat face or RTJ face, see the table for adjustment to dimensions at the end of this section.2 These dimensions apply to pressure seal or flangeless bonnet valves. They may be applied at the manufacturer‘s option to valves with

flanged bonnets.3 Solid wedge only.4 Regular apttern only.5 Venturi pattern only.6 Swing check only.

Tolerances: NPS 10 and smaller: ±2 mm, NPS 12 and larger: ±3 mm

A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E


290



Valve Gate Plug Globe Lift Check, and Angle Ball

Size Solid Wedge, Double Disc, Regular Round Port Swing Check and

and Conduit and Full Bore Lift Check

Long Short Venturi Long Short Long Long

Pattern Pattern2 Pattern Pattern Pattern2 Pattern Pattern

NPS in DN A and B B A and B A A and B B D and E A and B1/2 15 2166 1083/4 20 229 114

1 25 2543 140 2544 254 127

11/4 32 2793 165 2794 279 140

11/2 40 3053 178 3054 305 152

2 50 368 216 3684 391 368 216 184 368

21/2 65 419 254 4194 454 419 254 210 419

3 80 470 305 4704 524 470 305 235 470

4 100 546 406 5464 625 546 406 273 546

5 125 673 483 673 483 337

6 150 705 559 705 787 705 559 353 705

8 200 832 711 832 889 832 711 416 832

10 250 991 864 991 1067 991 864 495 991

12 300 1130 991 1130 1219 1130 991 565 1130

14 350 1257 1067 1257 1067 629 1257

16 400 1384 1194 13845 13847 1194 1384

18 450 1537 1346 15377

20 500 1664 1473 16647

22 550

24 600 1943 19437


flanged bonnets.3 Solid wedge only.4 Regular apttern only.5 Venturi pattern only.6 Globe and Lift check only.7 Swing check only.


A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E


ASME B16.10 Steel

291



Valve Gate Plug Globe, Lift Globe, Lift Angle and Ball

Size Solid Wedge Regular Check and Check and Lift Check Long Pattern

Double Disc, Pattern Swing Check Swing Check Long Pattern

and Conduit Long Short

Long Pattern Short Pattern2 Pattern Pattern2

NPS in DN A and B B A and B A and B B D and E A and B1/2 15 2643 264 1323/4 20 2733 273 137

1 25 3083 186 308 308 154

11/4 32 3493 232 349 175

11/2 40 3843 232 384 384 192

2 50 451 279 451 451 279 226 451

21/2 65 508 330 508 508 330 254 508

3 80 578 368 578 578 368 289 578

4 100 673 457 673 673 457 337 673

5 125 794 533 794 794 533 397

6 150 914 610 914 914 610 457 914

8 200 1022 762 1022 1022 762 511 1022

10 250 1270 914 1270 1270 914 635 1270

12 300 1422 1041 1422 1422 1041 711 1422

14 350 1118

16 400 1245

18 450 1397


flanged bonnets.3 Solid wedge only.


A

Raised face

B

Buttweldingend

Raisedface

Butt-welding

end

D

D

E

E


292

Class 150 to 2500 Wafer Type ValvesDimensions in mm

Nom. Bonnetless Knife Swing Check, Single and Dual Plate, Installation Between Standard ANSI Flanges

Valve Gate, Class 150 Long Pattern Short Pattern

Size Flange Mating Class Class

NPS in DN Dimensions 150 300 600 900 1500 2500 150 300 600 900 1500

2 50 48 60 60 60 70 70 70 19 19 19 19 19

21/2 65 67 67 67 83 83 83 19 19 19 19 19

3 80 51 73 73 73 83 83 86 19 19 19 19 22

4 100 51 73 73 79 102 102 105 19 19 22 22 32

5 125 57

6 150 57 99 99 137 159 159 159 19 22 28 35 44

8 200 70 127 127 165 206 206 206 28 28 38 44 57

10 250 70 146 146 213 241 248 254 28 38 57 57 73

12 300 76 181 181 229 292 305 305 38 51 60

14 350 76 184 222 273 356 356 44 51 67

16 400 89 190 232 305 384 384 51 51 73

18 450 89 203 264 362 451 468 60 76 83

20 500 114 219 292 368 451 533 64 83 92

24 600 114 222 318 438 495 559

30 750 305 368 505

36 900 368 483 635

42 1050 432 568 702

48 1200 524 629

Note: Valves of sizes NPS 30 and larger in Classes 150, 300, 400 and 600 shall have body outside diameters and gasket surface dimensions com-patible with flange standards specified in the purchase order, e.g., API 605 or MSS SP-44.

Tolerances face-to-face dimensions: NPS 10 and smaller: ±2 mmNPS 12 to 24: ±3 mmNPS30 and larger: ±6 mm


ASME B16.10 Steel

293

Class 150 to 600 Butterfly ValvesDimensions in mm

Nominal Class 150 Cast Iron and Steel

Valve Size Flanged End Lug and Wafer Style Steel Grooved Steel Offset Seat

End Lug and Wafer Style

Class Class Class Class

NPS in DN Narrow Wide Narrow Wide Extra Wide 150 150 300 600

11/2 40 33 37 38 86

2 50 43 44 46 81

21/2 65 46 49 51 97

3 80 127 127 46 49 51 97 48 48 54

4 100 127 178 52 56 57 116 54 54 64

5 125 127 190 56 64 65 148

6 150 127 203 56 70 71 148 57 59 78

8 200 152 216 60 71 75 133 64 73 102

10 250 203 381 68 76 79 159 71 83 117

12 300 203 381 78 83 86 165 81 92 140

14 350 203 406 78 92 95 178 92 117 155

16 400 203 406 79 102 105 178 102 133 178

18 450 203 406 102 114 117 203 114 149 200

20 500 203 457 111 127 130 216 127 159 216

24 600 203 457 154 157 254 154 181 232

30 750 305 559 165

36 900 305 559 200

42 1050 305 610 251

48 1200 381 660 276

54 1350 381 711

60 1500 381 762

66 1650 457 864

72 1800 457 914

Note: The valves are of the design having concentric location of disc, unless they are offset type.

Tolerances:NPS 6 and smaller: ±2 mmNPS 8 and larger: ±3 mmNPS 30 and larger, single flange and flangeless: ±6 mmOffset valves all sizes ±3 mm


294

Correction factors for different flange facingsRing Joint Facings: Add (substract) X to the raised face dimensions in tables (1/2 x for angle valves).Dimensions in mm

Nominal Class 150 Class 300 Class 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500

Valve Size

NPS in DN X S X S X S X S X S X S1/2 15 11 3 –2 3 0 4 0 4 0 43/4 20 13 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4

1 25 13 4 13 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4

11/4 32 13 4 13 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 3 3

1 1/2 40 13 4 13 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 3 3

2 50 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3

2 1/2 65 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 3 3 3 6 3

3 80 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 6 3

4 100 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 10 4

5 125 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 13 4

6 150 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 4 6 3 13 4

8 200 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 4 10 4 16 5

10 250 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 4 10 4 22 6

12 300 13 4 16 6 3 5 3 4 16 5 22 8

14 350 13 3 16 6 3 5 10 4 19 6

16 400 13 3 16 6 3 5 10 4 22 8

18 450 13 3 16 6 3 5 13 5 22 8

20 500 13 3 19 6 6 5 13 5 22 10

22 550 13 1 22 6 10 6

24 600 13 3 22 6 10 6 19 6 28 11

26 650 25 6 13 6

28 700 25 6 13 6

30 750 25 6 13 6

32 800 28 1 16 1

34 850 28 1 16 1

36 900 28 1 16 1

1 not determined.

Flanges conform to ASME B16.5, except NPS22 and NPS26 and above which conform to ASME B16.47, Series AS dimension should be used with octagonal or oval gaskets when the rings are compressed.

End-to-end

Ring joint Ring joint

Center-to-end s

ValvesPressure/Temperature Ratings

ASME B16.34

295

Pressure/Temperature RatingsThe following tables give pressure/temperature ratings for valves by class number 150, 300, 400, 600, 800, 900, 1500, 2500 and4500. Apart from 800, these are defined in ASME B 16.34 (800 valves are an interpolation between 600 and 900, for example seeAPI 602).

Location of GradesSpecification Grade Page Specification Grade Page

A 105 296 A 217 C5 304

A 182 F1 300 C12 305

F5, F5a 304 WC1 300

F9 305 WC4, WC5 301

F11, F12 302 WC6 302

F22 303 WC9 303

F304, F304H 306 A 350 LF1 299

F304L 314 LF2 296

F316, F316H 308 LF3 297

F316L 314 A 351 CF3, CF8 306

F321, F321H 310 CF3M, CF8M 308

F347, F347H 312 CF8C 312

A 216 WCB 296 A 352 LC1 300

WCC 297 LC2, LC3, LCC 297

LCB 298

Special class valves can only be used under certain circumstances:

1. If allowed by the valve standard.

2. If the following examinations are performed:

• Radiography or ultrasonic examination of pressure containing parts• MPI or dye penetrant testing of exterior and accessible interior surfaces

Full definitions of testing and acceptance are given in ANSI B16.34 section 8.

3. If valves are threaded or have welding ends.

The following points should be noted:

Class 4500 applies only to welding end valves. The tables do not apply to threaded valves greater than either class 2500 or 1000 ˚F in temperature. The tables do not apply to threaded and socket welding end valves larger than NPS 2.1/2.Except for flanged end valves, linear interpolation is allowed between temperatures and between class numbers.

For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 364.

ValvesPressure/Temperature RatingsASME B16.34

296

Materials ASTM A105 · A216 WCB · A350LF2Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.

Temp. °F Class 150 Class 300 Class 400 Class 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500 Class 4500

–20 to 100 285 740 990 1,480 2,220 3,705 6,170 11,110

200 260 675 900 1,350 2,025 3,375 5,625 10,120

300 230 655 875 1,315 1,970 3,280 5,470 9,845

400 200 635 845 1,270 1,900 3,170 5,280 9,505

500 170 600 800 1,200 1,795 2,995 4,990 8,980

600 140 550 730 1,095 1,640 2,735 4,560 8.210

650 125 535 715 1,075 1,610 2,685 4,475 8,055

700 110 535 710 1,065 1,600 2,665 4,440 7,990

750 95 505 670 1,010 1,510 2,520 4,200 7,560

800 80 410 550 825 1,235 2,060 3,430 6,170

850 65 270 355 535 805 1,340 2,230 4,010

900 50 170 230 345 515 860 1,430 2,570

950 35 105 140 205 310 515 860 1,545

1000 20 50 70 105 155 260 430 770

Notes:ASTM A105, A216 WCB: permissible, but not recommended for prolonged usage above 800 °F.

Special Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

400 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

500 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

600 275 715 950 1,425 2,140 3,565 5,940 10,690

650 270 700 935 1,400 2,100 3,495 5,825 10,485

700 265 695 925 1,390 2,080 3,470 5,780 10,405

750 240 630 840 1,260 1,890 3,150 5,250 9,450

800 200 515 685 1,030 1,545 2,570 4,285 7,715

850 130 335 445 670 1,005 1,670 2,785 5,015

900 85 215 285 430 645 1,070 1,785 3,215

950 50 130 170 260 385 645 1,070 1,930

1000 25 65 85 130 195 320 535 965

Notes:ASTM A105, A216 WCB: permissible, but not recommended for prolonged usage above 800 °F.


ASME B16.34

297

Materials: ASTM A216 WCC · 350 LF3 · 352 LC2 · LC3 · LCCStandard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 260 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 230 730 970 1,455 2,185 3,640 6,070 10.925

400 200 705 940 1,410 2,115 3,530 5,880 10,585

500 170 665 885 1,330 1,995 3,325 5,540 9,965

600 140 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,025 5,040 9,070

650 125 590 785 1,175 1,765 2,940 4,905 8,825

700 110 570 755 1,135 1,705 2,840 4,730 8,515

750 95 505 670 1,010 1,510 2,520 4,200 7,560

800 80 410 550 825 1,235 2,060 3,430 6,170

850 65 270 355 535 805 1,340 2,230 4,010

900 50 170 230 345 515 860 1,430 2,570

950 35 105 140 205 310 515 860 1,545

1000 20 50 70 105 155 260 430 770

Notes:ASTM A216 WCC: permissible, but not recommended for prolonged usage above 800 °F.ASTM A350 LF3, A352 LC2, LC3, LCC: not to be used over 650 °F.



–20 to100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

400 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

500 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

600 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

650 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

700 275 710 950 1,425 2,135 3,560 5,930 10,670

750 240 630 840 1,260 1,890 3,150 5,250 9,450

800 200 515 685 1,030 1,545 2,570 4,285 7,715

850 130 335 445 670 1,005 1,670 2,785 5,015

900 85 215 285 430 645 1,070 1,785 3,215

950 50 130 170 260 385 645 1,070 1,930

1000 25 65 85 130 195 320 535 965

Notes:ASTM A216 WCC: permissible, but not recommended for prolonged usage above 800 °F.ASTM A350 LF3, A352 LC2, LC3, LCC: not to be used over 650 °F.


298

Material: ASTM A352 LCBStandard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

200 250 655 875 1,315 1,970 3,280 5,470 9,845

300 230 640 850 1,275 1,915 3,190 5,315 9,565

400 200 620 825 1,235 1,850 3,085 5,145 9,260

500 170 585 775 1,165 1,745 2,910 4,850 8,735

600 140 535 710 1,065 1,600 2,665 4,440 7,990

650 125 525 695 1,045 1,570 2,615 4,355 7,840

700 110 520 690 1,035 1,555 2,590 4,320 7,775

750 95 475 630 945 1,420 2,365 3,945 7,100

800 80 390 520 780 1,175 1,955 3,260 5,865

850 65 270 355 535 805 1,340 2,230 4,010

900 50 170 230 345 515 860 1.430 2,570

950 35 105 140 205 310 515 860 1,545

1000 20 50 70 105 155 260 430 770

Note: ASTM A352 LCB: not to be used over 650 ˚F.



–20 to 100 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

200 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

300 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

400 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

500 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

600 265 695 925 1,390 2,080 3,470 5,780 10,405

650 260 680 910 1,360 2,040 3,400 5,670 10,205

700 255 665 885 1,330 1,995 3,320 5,535 9,965

750 225 590 790 1,185 1,775 2,960 4,930 8,870

800 190 490 650 980 1,465 2,445 4,070 7,330

850 130 335 445 670 1,005 1,670 2,785 5,015

900 85 215 285 430 645 1,070 1,785 3,215

950 50 130 170 260 385 645 1,070 1,930

1000 25 65 85 130 195 320 535 965

Note:ASTM A352 LCB: ASTM A352 LCB: not to be used over 650 ˚F.


ASME B16.34

299

Material ASTM A350 LF1Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 235 620 825 1,235 1,850 3,085 5,145 9,260

200 215 560 750 1,125 1,685 2,810 4,680 8,425

300 210 550 730 1,095 1,640 2,735 4,560 8,210

400 200 530 705 1,060 1,585 2,645 4,405 7,930

500 170 500 665 995 1,495 2,490 4,150 7,470

600 140 455 610 915 1,370 2,285 3,805 6,850

650 125 450 600 895 1,345 2,245 3,740 6,725

700 110 450 600 895 1,345 2,245 3,740 6,725

750 95 445 590 885 1,325 2,210 3,685 6,635

800 80 370 495 740 1,110 1,850 3,085 5,555

850 65 270 355 535 805 1,340 2,230 4,010

900 50 170 230 345 515 860 1,430 2,570

950 35 105 140 205 310 515 860 1,545

1000 20 50 70 105 155 260 430 770

Note:ASTM A350LF1: permissible but not recommended over 800 ˚F.



–20 to 100 245 645 860 1,285 1,930 3,215 5,360 9,645

200 245 645 860 1,285 1,930 3,215 5,360 9,645

300 245 645 860 1,285 1,930 3,215 5,630 9,645

400 245 645 860 1,285 1,930 3,215 5,630 9,645

500 245 645 860 1,285 1,930 3,215 5,630 9,645

600 230 595 795 1,190 1,785 2,975 4,955 8,920

650 225 585 780 1,170 1,750 2,920 4,865 8,760

700 220 580 770 1,160 1,735 2,895 4,820 8,680

750 210 555 740 1,105 1,660 2,765 4,610 8,295

800 180 465 620 925 1,390 2,315 3,860 6,945

850 130 335 445 670 1,005 1,670 2,785 5,015

900 85 215 285 430 645 1,070 1,785 3,215

950 50 130 170 260 385 645 1,070 1,930

1000 25 65 85 130 195 320 535 965

Note:ASTM A350LF1: permissible but not recommended over 800 °F.


300

Material: ASTM A182 F1 · A217 WC1 · A352 LC1Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

200 260 680 905 1,360 2,035 3,395 5,660 10,185

300 230 655 870 1,305 1,955 3,260 5,435 9,780

400 200 640 855 1,280 1,920 3,200 5,330 9,595

500 170 620 830 1,245 1,865 3,105 5,180 9,320

600 140 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,025 5,040 9,070

650 125 590 785 1,175 1,765 2,940 4,905 8,825

700 110 570 755 1,135 1,705 2,840 4,730 8,515

750 95 530 710 1,065 1,595 2,660 4,430 7,970

800 80 510 675 1,015 1,525 2,540 4,230 7,610

850 65 485 650 975 1,460 2,435 4,060 7,305

900 50 450 600 900 1,350 2,245 3,745 6,740

950 35 280 375 560 845 1,405 2,345 4,215

1000 20 165 220 330 495 825 1,370 2,470

Notes:ASTM A182 F1, A217 WC1: permissible, but not recommended for usage above 875 ˚F. ASTM A352 LC1: not to be used over 650 ˚F.



–20 to 100 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

200 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

300 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

400 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

500 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

600 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

650 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

700 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

750 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

800 265 695 925 1,390 2,085 3,470 5,785 10,415

850 260 680 905 1,355 2,030 3,335 5,645 10,160

900 225 590 785 1,175 1,760 2,935 4,895 8,810

950 135 350 470 705 1,055 1,755 2,930 5,270

1000 80 205 275 410 615 1,030 1,715 3,085

Notes: ASTM A182 F1, A217 WC1: permissible, but not recommended for usage above 875 ˚F. ASTM A352 LC1: not to be used over 650 ˚F.


ASME B16.34

301

Material: ASTM A217 WC4 · WC5Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 260 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 230 720 965 1,445 2,165 3,610 6,015 18,830

400 200 695 925 1,385 2,080 3,465 5,775 10,400

500 170 665 885 1,330 1,995 3,325 5,540 9,965

600 140 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,025 5,040 9,070

650 125 590 785 1,175 1,765 2,940 4,905 8,825

700 110 570 755 1,135 1,705 2,840 4,730 8,515

750 95 530 710 1,065 1,595 2,660 4,430 7,970

800 80 510 675 1,015 1,525 2,540 4,230 7,610

850 65 485 650 975 1,460 2,435 4,060 7,305

900 50 450 600 900 1,350 2,245 3,745 6,740

950 35 315 420 630 945 1,575 2,630 4,730

1000 20 200 270 405 605 1,010 1,685 3,035

1050 201 160 210 315 475 790 1,315 2,365

1 For welding end valves only. Flanged end ratings terminate at 1000 ˚F.

Note: use normalised and tempered materials only ASTM A217 WC4: not to be used over 1000 ˚F.



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

400 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

500 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

600 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

650 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

700 280 735 980 1,465 2,200 3,665 6,110 10,995

750 280 730 970 1,460 2,185 3,645 6,070 10,930

800 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

850 260 680 905 1,355 2,030 3,385 5,645 10,160

900 230 600 800 1,200 1,800 3,000 5,000 9,000

950 150 395 525 790 1,185 1,970 3,285 5,915

1000 95 255 335 505 760 1,265 2,105 3,795

1050 75 195 265 395 590 985 1,645 2,955

Note: use normalised and tempered materials only ASTM A217 WC4: not to be used over 1000 ˚F.


302

Material ASTM A182 F11cl 2· F12cl 2· A217 WC6Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 260 750 1,000 1.500 2,250 3,950 6,250 11,250

300 230 720 965 1,445 2,165 3,610 6,015 10,830

400 200 695 925 1,385 2,080 3,465 5,775 10,400

500 170 665 885 1,330 1,995 3,325 5,540 9,965

600 140 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,025 5,040 9,070

650 125 590 785 1,175 1,765 2,940 4,905 8,825

700 110 570 755 1,135 1,705 2,840 4,730 8,515

750 95 530 710 1,065 1,595 2,660 4,430 7,970

800 80 510 675 1,015 1,525 2,540 4,230 7,610

850 65 485 650 975 1,460 2,435 4,060 7,305

900 50 450 600 900 1,350 2,245 3,745 6,740

950 35 320 425 640 955 1,595 2,655 4,785

1000 20 215 290 430 650 1,080 1,800 3,240

1050 201 145 190 290 430 720 1,200 2,160

1100 201 95 130 190 290 480 800 1,440

1150 201 60 80 125 185 310 515 925

1200 151 40 50 75 115 190 315 565

1 For welding end valves only. Flanged end ratings terminate at 1000 ˚F.Note: use normalised and tempered materials onlyASTM A182 F11cl2, F12cl2: permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above about 1100 ˚F. 217 WC6: not to be used over 1100 ˚F



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

400 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

500 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

600 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

650 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

700 280 735 980 1,465 2,200 3,665 6,110 10,995

750 280 730 970 1,460 2,185 3,645 6,070 10,930

800 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

850 260 680 905 1,355 2,030 3,385 5,645 10,160

900 225 585 785 1,175 1,760 2,935 4,895 8, 805

950 155 400 530 795 1,195 1,995 3,320 5,980

1000 105 270 360 540 810 1,350 2,250 4,050

1050 70 180 240 360 540 900 1,500 2,700

1100 45 120 160 240 360 600 1,000 1,800

1150 30 75 105 155 230 385 645 1,155

1200 20 45 65 95 140 235 395 705

Note: use normalised and tempered materials onlyASTM A182 F11cl2, F12cl2: permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above about 1100 ˚F. 217 WC6: not to be used over 1100 ˚F


ASME B16.34

303

Material: ASTM A182 F22cl 3· A217 WC9Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 260 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 230 730 970 1,455 2,185 3,640 6,070 10,925

400 200 705 940 1,410 2,115 3,530 5,880 10,585

500 170 665 885 1,330 1,995 3,325 5,540 9,965

600 140 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,025 5,040 9,070

650 125 590 785 1,175 1,765 2,940 4,905 8,825

700 110 570 755 1,135 1,705 2,840 4,730 8,515

750 95 530 710 1,065 1,595 2,660 4,430 7,970

800 80 510 675 1,015 1,525 2,540 4,230 7,610

850 65 485 650 975 1,460 2,435 4,060 7,305

900 50 450 600 900 1,350 2,245 3,745 6,740

950 35 375 505 755 1,130 1,885 3,145 5,665

1000 20 260 345 520 780 1,305 2,170 3,910

1050 201 175 235 350 525 875 1,455 2,625

1100 201 115 150 225 340 565 945 1,700

1150 201 70 90 135 205 345 570 1,030

1200 201 40 55 80 125 205 345 615

1 For welding end valves only. Flanged end ratings terminate at 1000 ˚F.Note: ASTM A182 F22: permissible, but not recommended for prolonged uasage above 1100 °F. A217 WC9: not to be used over 1100 °F.

ASTM A217 WC9 use normalised and tempered materials only



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 285 740 990 1,485 2,225 3,705 6,180 11,120

400 280 725 965 1,450 2,175 3,620 6,035 10,865

500 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

600 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

650 275 715 955 1,430 2,145 3,580 5,965 10,735

700 275 710 955 1,425 2,135 3,555 5,930 10,670

750 265 690 920 1,380 2,070 3,450 5,750 10,350

800 260 675 895 1,345 2,020 3,365 5,605 10,095

850 245 645 855 1,285 1,930 3,215 5,355 9,645

900 230 600 800 1,200 1,800 3,000 5,000 9,000

950 180 470 630 945 1,415 2,355 3,930 7,070

1000 125 325 435 650 975 1,630 2,715 4,885

1050 85 220 290 435 655 1,095 1,820 3,280

1100 55 135 185 275 410 685 1,145 2,055

1150 35 85 115 170 255 430 715 1,285

1200 25 50 70 105 155 255 430 770

Note: ASTM A182 F22 Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged usage above 1100 ˚F. A217 WC9 not to be used over 1100 ˚F.ASTM A219 WC9 use normalised and tempered materials only


304

Materials: ASTM A182 F5 · F5a · A217 C5Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 260 745 995 1,490 2,235 3,725 6,205 11,170

300 230 715 955 1,430 2,150 3,580 5,965 10,740

400 200 705 940 1,410 2,115 3,530 5,880 10,585

500 170 665 885 1,330 1,995 3,325 5,540 9,965

600 140 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,025 5,040 9,070

650 125 590 785 1,175 1,765 2,940 4,905 8,825

700 110 570 755 1,135 1,705 2,840 4,730 8,515

750 95 530 705 1,055 1,585 2,640 4,400 7,920

800 80 510 675 1,015 1,525 2,540 4,230 7,610

850 65 485 645 965 1,450 2,415 4,030 7,250

900 50 390 495 740 1,110 1,850 3,085 5,555

950 35 275 365 550 825 1,370 2,285 4,115

1000 20 200 265 400 595 995 1,655 2,985

1050 201 145 190 290 430 720 1,200 2,160

1100 201 100 135 200 300 495 830 1,490

1150 201 60 80 125 185 310 515 925

1200 151 35 45 70 105 170 285 515

1 For welding end valves only. Flanged end ratings terminate at 1000 ˚F.ASTM A217 C5 use normalised and tempered materials only



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 280 730 970 1,455 2,185 3,645 6,070 10,930

400 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

500 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

600 270 705 945 1,415 2,120 3,535 5,895 10,605

650 270 700 930 1,395 2,095 3,495 5,820 10,480

700 265 685 915 1,370 2,055 3,430 5,715 10,285

750 255 660 880 1,320 1,980 3,300 5,500 9,900

800 245 640 850 1,275 1,915 3,195 5,320 9,580

850 230 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,020 5,035 9,065

900 175 465 615 925 1,390 2,315 3,855 6,945

950 130 345 455 685 1,030 1,715 2,855 5,145

1000 95 250 330 495 745 1,245 2,070 3,730

1050 70 180 240 360 540 900 1,500 2,700

1100 50 125 165 250 375 620 1,035 1,865

1150 30 75 105 155 230 385 645 1,155

1200 15 45 55 85 130 215 355 645

ASTM A217 C5 use normalised and tempered materials only


ASME B16.34

305

Materials: ASTM A182 F9 · A217 C12Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 260 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 230 730 970 1,455 2,185 3,640 6,070 10,925

400 200 705 940 1,410 2,115 3,530 5,880 10,585

500 170 665 885 1,330 1,995 3,325 5,540 9,965

600 140 605 805 1,210 1,815 3,025 5,040 9,070

650 125 590 785 1,175 1,765 2,940 4,905 8,825

700 110 570 755 1,135 1,705 2,840 4,730 8,515

750 95 530 710 1,065 1,595 2,660 4,430 7,970

800 80 510 675 1,015 1,525 2,540 4,230 7,610

850 65 485 650 975 1,460 2,435 4,060 7,305

900 50 450 600 900 1,350 2,245 3,745 6,740

950 35 375 505 755 1,130 1,850 3,145 5,655

1000 20 255 340 505 760 1,270 2,115 3,805

1050 201 170 230 345 515 855 1,430 2,570

1100 201 115 150 225 340 565 945 1,695

1150 201 75 100 150 225 375 630 1,130

1200 201 50 70 105 155 255 430 770

1 For welding end valves only. Flanged end ratings terminate at 1000 ˚F.ASTM A217 C12 use normalised and tempered materials only



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

300 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

400 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

500 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

600 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

650 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

700 280 735 980 1,465 2,200 3,665 6,110 10,995

750 280 730 970 1,460 2,185 3,645 6,070 10,930

800 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

850 260 680 905 1,355 2,030 3,385 5,645 10,160

900 230 600 800 1,200 1,800 3,000 5,000 9,000

950 180 470 630 945 1,415 2,355 3,930 7,070

1000 120 315 425 635 950 1,585 2,645 4,755

1050 80 215 285 430 645 1,070 1,785 3,215

1100 55 140 190 285 425 710 1,180 2,120

1150 35 95 125 190 285 470 785 1,415

1200 25 65 85 130 195 320 535 965

ASTM A217 C12 use normalised and tempered materials only


306

Materials: ASTM A182 F304 · F304H · A351 CF3 · CF8Standard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

200 230 600 800 1,200 1,800 3,000 5,000 9,000

300 205 540 720 1,080 1,620 2,700 4,500 8,100

400 190 495 660 995 1,490 2,485 4,140 7,450

500 170 465 620 930 1,395 2,330 3,880 6,985

600 140 435 580 875 1,310 2,185 3,640 6,550

650 125 430 575 860 1,290 2,150 3,580 6,445

700 110 425 565 850 1,275 2,125 3,540 6,370

750 95 415 555 830 1,245 2,075 3,460 6,230

800 80 405 540 805 1,210 2,015 3,360 6,050

850 65 395 530 790 1,190 1,980 3,300 5,940

900 50 390 520 780 1,165 1,945 3,240 5,830

950 35 385 510 765 1,145 1,910 3,180 5,725

1000 20 320 430 640 965 1,605 2,675 4,815

1050 201 310 410 615 925 1,545 2,570 4,630

1100 201 255 345 515 770 1,285 2,145 3,855

1150 201 200 265 400 595 995 1,655 2,985

1200 201 155 205 310 465 770 1,285 2,315

1250 201 115 150 225 340 565 945 1,695

1300 201 85 115 170 255 430 715 1,285

1350 201 60 80 125 185 310 515 925

1400 201 50 65 90 145 240 400 720

1450 151 35 45 70 105 170 285 515

1500 101 25 35 55 80 135 230 410

1 For welding end valves only. Flanged end ratings terminate at 1000˚ F.Notes: ASTM A182 304, A351 CF8: over 1000˚ F use only when C 0.04% or higherASTM A351 CF3: not to be used over 800 ˚F.


ASME B16.34

307



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 255 670 890 1,335 2,005 3,345 5,570 10,030

300 230 600 800 1,200 1,800 3,000 5,000 9,000

400 210 555 735 1,105 1,660 2,765 4,605 8,295

500 200 520 690 1,035 1,555 2,595 4,320 7,780

600 185 490 650 975 1,465 2,440 4,065 7,315

650 185 480 640 960 1,440 2,395 3,995 7,190

700 180 470 630 945 1,415 2,355 3,930 7,070

750 175 465 615 925 1,390 2,315 3,855 6,945

800 175 450 600 900 1,350 2,250 3,750 6,750

850 170 440 590 885 1,325 2,205 3,680 6,620

900 165 435 575 865 1,300 2,165 3,605 6,495

950 165 425 565 850 1,275 2,120 3,535 6,365

1000 155 405 545 815 1,220 2,035 3,395 6,105

1050 150 385 515 770 1,155 1,930 3,215 5,785

1100 125 320 430 645 965 1,605 2,680 4,820

1150 95 250 330 495 745 1,245 2,070 3,730

1200 75 195 255 385 580 965 1,605 2,895

1250 55 140 190 285 425 705 1,180 2,120

1300 40 105 145 215 320 535 895 1,605

1350 30 75 105 155 230 385 645 1,155

1400 25 60 80 120 180 300 500 900

1450 15 45 55 85 130 215 355 645

1500 15 35 45 70 105 170 285 515

Notes:ASTM A182 304, A351 CF8: over 1000˚ F use only when C 0.04% or higherASTM A351 CF3: not to be used over 800 ˚F.


308

Materials: ASTM A182 F316 · F316H · A351 CF3M · CF8MStandard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

200 235 620 825 1,240 1,860 3,095 5,160 9,290

300 215 560 745 1,120 1,680 2,795 4,660 8,390

400 195 515 685 1,025 1,540 2,570 4,280 7,705

500 170 480 635 955 1,435 2,390 3,980 7,165

600 140 450 600 900 1,355 2,255 3,760 6,770

650 125 445 590 890 1,330 2,220 3,700 6,660

700 110 430 580 870 1,305 2,170 3,620 6,515

750 95 425 570 855 1,280 2,135 3,560 6,410

800 80 420 565 845 1,265 2,110 3,520 6,335

850 65 420 555 835 1,255 2,090 3,480 6,265

900 50 415 555 830 1,245 2,075 3,460 6,230

950 35 385 515 775 1,160 1,930 3,220 5,795

1000 20 350 465 700 1,050 1,750 2,915 5,245

1050 201 345 460 685 1,030 1,720 2,865 5,155

1100 201 305 405 610 915 1,525 2,545 4,575

1150 201 235 315 475 710 1,185 1,970 3,550

1200 201 185 245 370 555 925 1,545 2,775

1250 201 145 195 295 440 735 1,230 2,210

1300 201 115 155 235 350 585 970 1,750

1350 201 95 130 190 290 480 800 1,440

1400 201 75 100 150 225 380 630 1,130

1450 201 60 80 115 175 290 485 875

1500 151 40 55 85 125 205 345 620


Notes:ASTM A182 316, A351 CF8M: over 1000 ˚F use only when C 0.04% or higher.ASTM A351 CF3M: not to be used over 850 ˚F.


ASME B16.34

309



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 265 690 920 1,380 2,070 3,450 5,750 10,350

300 240 625 830 1,250 1,870 3,120 5,200 9,360

400 220 570 760 1,140 1,710 2,850 4,750 8,550

500 205 530 710 1,065 1,595 2,655 4,430 7,970

600 195 505 670 1,005 1,510 2,520 4,195 7,555

650 190 495 655 985 1,480 2,465 4,105 7,395

700 185 485 645 970 1,455 2,420 4,035 7,265

750 180 475 635 950 1,415 2,380 3,965 7,135

800 180 470 630 945 1,415 2,355 3,930 7,070

850 180 465 620 930 1,400 2,330 3,885 6,990

900 175 465 615 925 1,390 2,315 3,855 6,945

950 175 460 610 915 1,375 2,290 3,815 6,870

1000 160 420 560 840 1,260 2,105 3,505 6,310

1050 160 420 560 840 1,260 2,105 3,505 6,310

1100 145 380 510 765 1,145 1,905 3,180 5,720

1150 115 295 395 590 885 1,480 2,465 4,435

1200 90 230 310 465 695 1,155 1,930 3,470

1250 70 185 245 370 555 920 1,535 2,765

1300 55 145 195 290 435 730 1,215 2,185

1350 45 120 160 240 360 600 1.000 1,800

1400 35 95 125 190 285 470 785 1,415

1450 30 75 100 145 220 365 610 1,095

1500 20 50 70 105 155 260 430 770

Notes:ASTM A182 316, A351 CF8M: over 1000˚ F use only when C 0.04% or higher.ASTM A351 CF3M: not to be used over 850 ˚F.


310

Materials: ASTM A182 F321 · F321HStandard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

200 245 645 860 1,290 1,935 3,230 5,380 9,685

300 230 595 795 1,190 1,785 2,975 4,960 8,930

400 200 550 735 1,105 1,655 2,760 4,600 8,280

500 170 515 685 1,030 1,545 2,570 4,285 7,715

600 140 485 650 975 1,460 2,435 4,060 7,310

650 125 480 635 955 1,435 2,390 3,980 7,165

700 110 465 620 930 1,395 2,330 3,880 6,985

750 95 460 610 915 1,375 2,290 3,820 6,875

800 80 450 600 900 1,355 2,255 3,760 6,770

850 65 445 595 895 1,340 2,230 3,720 6,695

900 50 440 590 885 1,325 2,210 3,680 6,625

950 35 385 515 775 1,160 1,930 3,220 5,795

1000 20 355 475 715 1,070 1,785 2,970 5,350

1050 201 315 415 625 940 1,565 2,605 4,690

1100 201 270 360 545 815 1,360 2,265 4,075

1150 201 235 315 475 710 1,185 1,970 3,550

1200 201 185 245 370 555 925 1,545 2,775

1250 201 140 185 280 420 705 1,170 2,110

1300 201 110 145 220 330 550 915 1,645

1350 201 85 115 170 255 430 715 1,285

1400 201 65 85 130 195 325 545 975

1450 201 50 70 105 155 255 430 770

1500 201 40 50 75 115 190 315 565

1 For welding end valves only. Flanged end ratings terminate at 1000 ˚F.Note: ASTM A182 F321 not to be used over 1000 ˚F.

ASTM A182 F321H, at temperatures over 1000 °F use only if material is heat treated to 2000 °F minimum


ASME B16.34

311



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 260 680 910 1,365 2,045 3,405 5,680 10,220

300 235 610 810 1,215 1,825 3,045 5,070 9,130

400 210 555 735 1,105 1,660 2,765 4,605 8,295

500 195 515 685 1,030 1,545 2,570 4,285 7,715

600 185 490 650 975 1,465 2,445 4,070 7,330

650 185 480 640 960 1,440 2,400 4,000 7,200

700 180 470 630 945 1,415 2,355 3,930 7,070

750 180 465 625 935 1,400 2,335 3,895 7,005

800 175 465 615 925 1,390 2,315 3,855 6,945

850 175 460 610 915 1,375 2,295 3,820 6,880

900 175 455 605 910 1,365 2,270 3,785 6,815

950 175 455 605 910 1,365 2,270 3,785 6,815

1000 160 420 560 840 1,260 2,105 3,505 6,310

1050 155 405 545 815 1,220 2,035 3,395 6,105

1100 135 355 470 705 1,060 1,770 2,945 5,305

1150 115 295 395 590 885 1,480 2,465 4,435

1200 90 230 310 465 695 1,155 1,930 3,470

1250 65 175 235 350 525 880 1,465 2,635

1300 55 135 185 275 410 685 1,145 2,055

1350 40 105 145 215 320 535 895 1,605

1400 30 80 110 165 245 405 680 1,220

1450 25 65 85 130 195 320 535 965

1500 20 45 65 95 140 235 395 705

Note: ASTM A182 F321 not to be used over 1000 ˚F.ASTM A182 F321H, at temperatures over 1000 °F use only if material is heat treated to 2000 °F minimum


312

Materials: ASTM A182 F347 · F347H · A351 CF8CStandard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 275 720 960 1,440 2,160 3,600 6,000 10,800

200 255 660 880 1,320 1,980 3,300 5,500 9.900

300 230 615 820 1,230 1,845 3,070 5,120 9,215

400 200 575 765 1,145 1,720 2,870 4,780 8,605

500 170 540 720 1,080 1,620 2,700 4,500 8,100

600 140 515 685 1,025 1,540 2,570 4,280 7,705

650 125 505 670 1,010 1,510 2,520 4,200 7,560

700 110 495 660 990 1,485 2,470 4,120 7,415

750 95 490 655 985 1,475 2,460 4,100 7,380

800 80 485 650 975 1,460 2,435 4,060 7,310

850 65 485 645 970 1,455 2,425 4,040 7,270

900 50 450 600 900 1,350 2,245 3,745 6,740

950 35 385 515 775 1,160 1,930 3,220 5,795

1000 20 365 485 725 1,090 1,820 3,030 5,450

1050 201 360 480 720 1,080 1,800 3,000 5,400

1100 201 325 430 645 965 1,610 2,685 4,835

1150 201 275 365 550 825 1,370 2,285 4,115

1200 201 170 230 345 515 855 1,430 2,570

1250 201 125 165 245 370 615 1,030 1,850

1300 201 95 125 185 280 465 770 1,390

1350 201 70 90 135 205 345 570 1,030

1400 201 55 75 110 155 275 455 825

1450 151 40 55 80 125 205 345 615

1500 151 35 45 70 105 170 285 515


Note:ASTM A182 F347: Not to be used over 1000 ˚F.ASTM A182 F347H, at temperatures over 1000 °F use only if material is heat treated to 2000 °F minimumASTM A351 CF8C: over 1000 °F use only when C 0.04% or higher.


ASME B16.34

313



–20 to 100 290 750 1,000 1,500 2,250 3,750 6,250 11,250

200 275 715 955 1,430 2,145 3,580 5,965 10,735

300 250 655 875 1,310 1,965 3,280 5,465 9,835

400 235 615 825 1,235 1,850 3,085 5,145 9,255

500 230 595 795 1,190 1,785 2,980 4,965 8,935

600 220 575 765 1,145 1,720 2,865 4,775 8,600

650 215 565 750 1,125 1,690 2,815 4,690 8,440

700 210 550 735 1,105 1,655 2,760 4,600 8,275

750 210 550 730 1,095 1,645 2,745 4,570 8,230

800 210 545 725 1,090 1,630 2,720 4,530 8,155

850 205 540 720 1,080 1,625 2,705 4,510 8,115

900 205 540 720 1,075 1,615 2,690 4,485 8,075

950 180 470 630 945 1,415 2,360 3,930 7,070

1000 160 420 560 840 1,260 2,105 3,505 6,310

1050 160 420 560 840 1,260 2,105 3,505 6,310

1100 155 405 540 805 1,210 2,015 3,360 6,045

1150 130 345 455 685 1,030 1,715 2,855 5,145

1200 80 215 285 430 645 1,070 1,785 3,215

1250 60 155 205 310 465 770 1,285 2,315

1300 45 115 155 230 345 580 965 1,735

1350 35 85 115 170 255 430 715 1,285

1400 25 70 90 135 205 345 570 1,030

1450 20 50 70 105 155 255 430 770

1500 15 45 55 85 130 215 355 645

Note:ASTM A182 F347: Not to be used over 1000 ˚F.ASTM A182 F347H, at temperatures over 1000 °F use only if material is heat treated to 2000 °F minimumASTM A351 CF8C: over 1000 ˚F use only when C 0.04% or higher.


314

Materials: ASTM A182 F304L · F316LStandard Class Pressure in psig. For ASME B16.5 and B16.47 flange pressure temperature ratings see page 366.


–20 to 100 230 600 800 1,200 1,800 3,000 5,000 9,000

200 195 505 675 1,015 1,520 2,530 4,220 7,595

300 175 455 605 910 1,360 2,270 3,780 6,805

400 160 415 550 825 1,240 2,065 3,440 6,190

500 145 380 510 765 1,145 1,910 3,180 5,725

600 140 360 480 720 1,080 1,800 3,000 5,400

650 125 350 470 700 1,050 1,750 2,920 5,255

700 110 345 460 685 1,030 1,715 2,860 5,150

750 95 335 450 670 1,010 1,680 2,800 5,040

800 80 330 440 660 985 1,645 2,740 4,930

850 65 320 430 645 965 1,610 2,680 4,825

Note: A182 F304L not to be used over 800 °F.



–20 to 100 255 670 890 1,340 2,005 3,345 5,570 10,030

200 215 565 755 1,130 1,695 2,825 4,710 8,480

300 195 505 675 1,010 1,520 2,530 4,215 7,585

400 175 460 615 920 1,385 2,305 3,840 6,910

500 165 425 570 850 1,280 2,130 3,550 6,390

600 155 400 535 805 1,205 2,010 3,350 6,025

650 150 390 520 780 1,170 1,950 3,250 5,850

700 145 380 510 765 1,145 1,910 3,180 5,720

750 145 375 500 745 1,120 1,865 3,110 5,595

800 140 365 490 735 1,100 1,835 3,060 5,505

850 140 360 480 720 1,075 1,795 2,990 5,385

Note: A182 F304L not to be used over 800 °F.

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

FormulaeHydraulic Test Pressures are derived from the following formula:

Metric Units: P =

P = Pressure in bart = Wall thickness in mmD = Outside diameter in mms = Stress level. A percentage of yield strength

depending on the standard in N/mm2

e.g. 103/4 12.7 mm grade B thenP = 20 x 241 x 0.6 x 12.7/273 = 134 bar

Imperials Units: P =

P = Pressure in lbs/sq int = Wall thickness in inchesD = Outside diameter in inchess = Stress level. A percentage of yield strength

depending on the standard in lb/sq in

e.g. 103/4 0.5“ grade B thenP = 2 x 35 000 x 0.6 x 0.5/10.75 = 1950 psi

With end load compensation eg API 5L Appendix K, EN 10 208-21

Metric Units: P = 10 ·

Imperial Units: P =

AI = internal cross sectional area of pipeAP = cross sectional area of pipe wallAR = cross sectional area of ramPR = internal pressure on end sealing ram

1 For EN 10 208-2 t is the specified minimum wall thickness

Hydraulic Test PressureLine Pipe

API 5L · ASTM A450 · A530Line Pipe

317

Fiber Stress S and max Test PressuresAPI 5LPercentage of Specified Yield Strength

Grade Size (in) Percentage of

Specified Yield Strength

Standard Test Alternate Test

A + B1 23/8 and larger 60 75

X42–X80 59/16 and 60 75

smaller

65/8 and 85/8 752 753

103/4 to 18 852 853

20 and larger 902 903

1 limited to 2500 psi (172 bar) for 3.1/2 and smallerand to 2800 psi (193 bar) for all others

2 3000 psi (207 bar) maximum3 7260 psi (500 bar) maximum < 16, 3630 psi (250 bar) >14

API 5L Test Pressures are listed on the following pages.

ASTM A450Applies to ASTM A 179, 213, 214

S = 1103 MetricS = 16000 Imperial

Outside Maximum Test Pressure

Diameter

in mm psi MPa bar

under 1 25.4 1000 7 69

1–11/2 excl. 25.4–38.1 1500 10 104

11/2–2 excl. 38.1–50.8 2000 14 138

2–3 excl. 50.8–76.2 2500 17 172

3–5 excl. 76.2–127 3500 24 241

5 and over 127 4500 31 310

ASTM A530Applies to ASTM A 106, 312, 333, 335, 358, 671, 672, 691

S = 60% minimum specified yield carbon & ferritic alloyS = 50% minimum specified yield austenitic alloy (stainless).

Maximum pressure: 2500 psi (172 bar, 17.0 MPa) for 31/2 and smaller2800 psi (193 bar, 19.0 MPa) for all others.

2 · s · t

D

PR · AR

APS –

D

2t

AI

AP–

PR · AR

APS –

D

2t

AI

AP–

20 · s · t

D

Hydraulic Test PressureLine PipeAPI 5LTables

318

Hydraulic Test Pressure for API 5L PipeNB from 1/8 in to 80 inSize Wall Thickness Hydraulic Test Pressure bar for Grade

OD mm in mm A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80

0.405 0.068 1.7 STD 48 48

10.3 0.095 2.4 STD 59 59

0.540 0.088 2.2 STD 48 48

13.7 0.119 3.0 STD 59 59

0.675 0.091 2.3 STD 48 48

17.1 0.126 3.2 STD 59 59

0.840 0.109 2.8 STD 48 48

21.3 0.147 3.7 STD 59 59

0.294 7.5 STD 69 69

1.050 0.113 2.9 STD 48 48

26.7 0.154 3.9 STD 59 59

0.308 7.8 STD 69 69

1.315 0.133 3.4 STD 48 48

33.4 0.179 4.5 STD 59 59

0.358 9.1 STD 69 69

1.660 0.140 3.6 STD 83 90

42.2 0.191 4.9 STD 124 131

0.382 9.7 STD 152 158

1.900 0.145 3.7 STD 83 90

48.3 0.200 5.1 STD 124 131

0.400 10.2 STD 152 158

2 3/8 0.083 2.1 STD 87 101 121 132 150 161 173 187 202 207

60.3 ALT 108 126 151 166 188 202 216 234 252 288

0.109 2.8 STD 115 134 162 177 200 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 144 168 202 221 250 269 288 312 336 384

0.125 3.2 STD 132 153 185 202 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 165 172 231 252 286 307 330 357 384 439

0.141 3.6 STD 148 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 260 284 321 346 371 401 433 495

0.154 3.9 STD 161 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 281 308 348 374 402 435 469 500

0.172 4.4 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 317 347 393 422 453 490 500 500

0.188 4.8 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207


API 5LTables

319

NB from 1/8 in to 80 inSize Wall Thickness Hydraulic Test Pressure bar for Grade


2 3/8 ALT 172 172 346 379 429 461 494 500 500 500

60.3 0.218 5.5 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 397 434 491 500 500 500 500 500

0.250 6.4 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 462 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.281 7.1 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.436 11.1 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

2 7/8 0.083 2.1 STD 71 83 100 109 124 133 143 155 167 190

73.0 ALT 89 104 125 137 155 167 179 193 208 238

0.109 2.8 STD 95 111 133 146 165 178 191 206 207 207

ALT 119 139 167 182 207 222 238 258 278 318

0.125 3.2 STD 109 127 153 167 189 203 207 207 207 207

ALT 136 158 191 208 236 254 272 295 318 363

0.141 3.6 STD 122 143 172 188 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 153 172 215 234 266 286 306 331 357 408

0.156 4.0 STD 136 158 191 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 170 172 238 261 295 317 340 368 395 454

0.172 4.4 STD 150 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 262 287 325 349 374 405 437 499

0.188 4.8 STD 163 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 286 313 354 381 408 442 476 500

0.203 5.2 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 310 339 384 412 442 479 500 500

0.216 5.5 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 328 358 406 436 468 500 500 500

0.250 6.4 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 381 417 472 500 500 500 500 500

0.276 7.0 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 417 456 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.552 14.0 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

3 1/2 0.083 2.1 STD 59 68 82 90 102 109 117 127 137 157

88.9 ALT 73 85 103 112 127 137 147 159 171 196

0.109 2.8 STD 78 91 110 120 136 146 156 169 183 207

ALT 98 114 137 150 170 182 196 212 228 261

0.125 3.2 STD 89 104 125 137 155 167 179 194 207 207

ALT 112 130 157 171 194 208 224 242 261 298

0.141 3.6 STD 101 117 141 154 174 188 201 207 207 207

ALT 126 146 176 193 218 234 251 272 293 335

0.156 4.0 STD 112 130 157 171 194 207 207 207 207 207


320



3 1/2 ALT 140 163 196 214 242 261 279 302 326 373

88.9 0.172 4.4 STD 123 143 172 188 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 154 172 215 235 267 287 307 333 359 410

0.188 4.8 STD 134 156 188 205 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 168 172 235 257 291 313 335 363 391 447

0.216 5.5 STD 154 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 269 294 333 358 384 416 448 500

0.250 6.4 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 313 342 388 417 447 484 500 500

0.281 7.1 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 347 380 430 462 496 500 500 500

0.300 7.6 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 372 407 460 495 500 500 500 500

0.600 15.2 STD 172 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 172 172 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

4 0.083 2.1 STD 51 60 72 79 89 96 103 111 120 137

101.6 ALT 64 75 90 98 111 120 128 139 150 171

0.109 2.8 STD 68 80 96 105 119 128 137 148 160 183

ALT 86 100 120 131 148 160 171 185 200 228

0.125 3.2 STD 78 91 110 120 136 146 156 169 183 207

ALT 98 114 137 150 170 182 196 212 228 261

0.141 3.6 STD 88 102 123 135 153 164 176 190 205 207

ALT 110 128 154 168 191 205 220 238 257 293

0.156 4.0 STD 98 114 137 150 170 182 196 207 207 207

ALT 122 142 171 187 212 228 244 265 285 326

0.172 4.4 STD 108 125 151 165 187 201 207 207 207 207

ALT 134 157 188 206 233 251 269 291 314 359

0.188 4.8 STD 117 137 164 180 204 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 147 171 206 225 254 274 293 317 342 391

0.226 5.7 STD 139 162 195 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 174 193 244 267 302 325 348 377 406 465

0.250 6.4 STD 156 182 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 274 300 339 365 391 423 456 500

0.281 7.1 STD 174 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 304 332 376 405 434 470 500 500

0.318 8.1 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 347 379 426 462 495 500 500 500

4 1/2 0.083 2.1 STD 46 53 64 70 79 85 91 99 106 122

114.3 ALT 57 66 80 87 99 106 114 123 133 152

0.125 3.2 STD 70 81 97 106 121 130 139 151 162 185

ALT 87 101 122 133 151 162 174 188 203 232

0.141 3.6 STD 78 91 110 120 136 146 156 169 183 207


API 5LTables

321



4 1/2 ALT 98 114 137 150 170 182 196 212 228 261

114.3 0.156 4.0 STD 87 101 122 133 151 162 174 188 203 207

ALT 109 127 152 166 188 203 217 235 254 290

0.172 4.4 STD 96 111 134 146 166 178 191 207 207 207

ALT 120 139 167 183 207 223 239 259 279 319

0.188 4.8 STD 104 121 146 160 181 195 207 207 207 207

ALT 130 152 183 200 226 243 261 282 304 348

0.203 5.2 STD 113 132 158 173 196 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 141 164 198 216 245 263 283 306 330 377

0.219 5.6 STD 122 142 170 186 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 152 177 213 233 264 284 304 329 355 406

0.237 6.0 STD 130 152 183 200 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 163 190 228 250 283 304 326 353 380 435

0.250 6.4 STD 139 162 195 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 174 193 244 266 302 324 348 376 406 464

0.281 7.1 STD 154 180 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 270 295 335 360 386 417 450 500

0.312 7.9 STD 172 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 301 329 372 400 429 464 500 500

0.337 8.6 STD 187 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 327 358 405 436 467 500 500 500

0.438 11.1 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 422 462 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.531 13.5 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.674 17.1 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 50

5 9/16 0.083 2.1 STD 37 43 52 57 64 69 74 80 86 98

141.3 ALT 46 54 65 71 80 86 92 100 108 123

0.125 3.2 STD 56 65 79 86 98 105 113 122 131 150

ALT 70 82 99 108 122 131 141 152 164 188

0.156 4.0 STD 70 82 99 108 122 131 141 152 164 188

ALT 88 102 123 135 152 164 176 190 205 234

0.188 4.8 STD 84 98 118 129 146 157 169 183 197 207

ALT 105 123 148 162 183 197 211 228 246 281

0.219 5.6 STD 98 115 138 151 171 184 197 207 207 207

ALT 123 143 172 188 213 229 246 266 287 328

0.258 6.6 STD 116 135 163 178 201 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 145 169 203 222 252 270 290 314 338 387

0.281 7.1 STD 125 145 175 191 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 156 182 219 239 271 291 312 338 364 416

0.312 7.9 STD 139 162 195 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 174 193 243 266 301 324 347 376 405 463


322



5 9/16 0.344 8.7 STD 153 178 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

141.3 ALT 191 193 268 293 332 356 382 414 446 500

0.375 9.5 STD 167 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 292 320 362 389 418 452 487 500

0.500 12.7 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 391 427 484 500 500 500 500 500

0.625 15.9 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 489 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.750 19.1 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

6 5/8 0.083 2.1 STD 31 36 54 59 67 72 77 84 90 103

168.3 ALT 39 45 54 59 67 72 77 84 90 103

0.109 2.8 STD 41 48 72 79 90 96 103 112 121 138

ALT 52 60 72 79 90 96 103 112 121 138

0.125 3.2 STD 47 55 83 90 102 110 118 128 138 157

ALT 59 69 83 90 102 110 118 128 138 157

0.141 3.6 STD 53 62 93 102 115 124 133 144 155 177

ALT 66 77 93 102 115 124 133 144 155 177

0.156 4.0 STD 59 69 103 113 128 138 148 160 172 197

ALT 74 86 103 113 128 138 148 160 172 197

0.172 4.4 STD 65 76 114 124 141 151 162 176 189 207

ALT 81 95 114 124 141 151 162 176 189 216

0.188 4.8 STD 71 82 124 136 154 165 177 192 207 207

ALT 89 103 124 136 154 165 177 192 207 236

0.203 5.2 STD 77 89 134 147 166 179 192 207 207 207

ALT 96 112 134 147 166 179 192 208 224 256

0.219 5.6 STD 83 96 145 158 179 193 207 207 207 207

ALT 103 120 145 158 179 193 207 224 241 276

0.250 6.4 STD 94 110 165 181 205 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 118 137 165 181 205 220 236 256 276 315

0.280 7.1 STD 105 122 184 201 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 131 153 184 201 227 244 262 283 306 349

0.312 7.9 STD 117 136 204 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 146 170 204 223 253 272 291 315 340 389

0.344 8.7 STD 128 149 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 161 187 225 246 278 299 321 347 375 428

0.375 9.5 STD 140 163 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 175 193 246 268 304 327 351 379 409 467

0.432 11.0 STD 162 189 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 284 311 352 378 406 439 474 500

0.500 12.7 STD 187 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 328 359 406 437 469 500 500 500

0.562 14.3 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207


API 5LTables

323



6 5/8 ALT 193 193 370 404 458 492 500 500 500 500

168.3 0.625 15.9 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 411 449 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.719 18.3 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 473 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.750 19.1 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 494 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.864 21.9 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.875 22.2 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

8 5/8 0.125 3.2 STD 36 42 64 69 79 85 91 98 106 121

219.1 ALT 45 53 64 69 79 85 91 98 106 121

0.156 4.0 STD 45 53 79 87 98 106 113 123 132 151

ALT 57 66 79 87 98 106 113 123 132 151

0.188 4.8 STD 54 63 95 104 118 127 136 147 159 181

ALT 68 79 95 104 118 127 136 147 159 181

0.203 5.2 STD 59 69 103 113 128 137 147 159 172 197

ALT 74 86 103 113 128 137 147 159 172 197

0.219 5.6 STD 63 74 111 122 138 148 159 172 185 207

ALT 79 92 111 122 138 148 159 172 185 212

0.250 6.4 STD 73 84 127 139 157 169 181 196 207 207

ALT 91 106 127 139 157 169 181 196 212 242

0.277 7.0 STD 79 92 139 152 172 185 198 207 207 207

ALT 99 115 139 152 172 185 198 215 231 265

0.312 7.9 STD 90 104 157 171 194 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 112 130 157 171 194 209 224 242 261 299

0.322 8.2 STD 93 108 163 178 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 116 135 163 178 202 217 232 252 271 310

0.344 8.7 STD 99 115 173 189 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 123 144 173 189 214 230 247 267 288 329

0.375 9.5 STD 108 125 189 206 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 135 157 189 206 233 251 269 291 314 359

0.438 11.1 STD 126 147 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 157 183 220 241 273 293 315 340 367 419

0.500 12.7 STD 144 168 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 180 193 252 276 312 336 360 390 420 480

0.562 14.3 STD 162 189 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 284 310 351 378 405 439 473 500

0.625 15.9 STD 180 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 316 345 391 420 451 488 500 500

0.719 18.3 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 363 397 450 484 500 500 500 500


324



8 5/8 0.750 19.1 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

219.1 ALT 193 193 379 415 469 500 500 500 500 500

0.812 20.6 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 409 447 500 500 500 500 500 500

0.875 22.2 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 441 482 500 500 500 500 500 500

1.000 25.4 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

10 3/4 0.156 4.0 STD 36 42 72 79 89 96 103 112 120 137

273.1 ALT 45 53 72 79 89 96 103 112 120 137

0.188 4.8 STD 44 51 87 95 107 115 124 134 144 165

ALT 55 64 87 95 107 115 124 134 144 165

0.203 5.2 STD 47 55 94 103 116 125 134 145 156 179

ALT 59 69 94 103 116 125 134 145 156 179

0.219 5.6 STD 51 59 101 111 125 135 144 156 168 192

ALT 64 74 101 111 125 135 144 156 168 192

0.250 6.4 STD 58 68 116 126 143 154 165 178 192 207

ALT 73 85 116 126 143 154 165 178 192 220

0.279 7.1 STD 65 75 128 140 159 171 183 198 207 207

ALT 81 94 128 140 159 171 183 198 213 244

0.307 7.8 STD 71 83 141 154 174 187 201 207 207 207

ALT 89 103 141 154 174 187 201 218 235 268

0.344 8.7 STD 79 92 157 172 194 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 99 115 157 172 194 209 224 243 262 299

0.365 9.3 STD 85 98 168 184 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 106 123 168 184 208 223 240 259 280 320

0.438 11.1 STD 101 118 200 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 126 147 200 219 248 267 286 310 334 381

0.500 12.7 STD 116 134 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 144 168 229 251 284 305 327 354 382 436

0.562 14.3 STD 130 151 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 163 189 258 282 320 344 369 399 430 491

0.625 15.9 STD 145 168 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 181 193 287 314 355 382 410 443 478 500

0.719 18.3 STD 166 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 330 361 409 440 472 500 500 500

0.812 20.6 STD 187 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 372 406 460 495 500 500 500 500

0.875 22.2 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 401 438 496 500 500 500 500 500

0.938 23.8 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 430 470 500 500 500 500 500 500

1.000 25.4 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207


API 5LTables

325



10 3/4 ALT 193 193 459 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

273.1 1.250 31.8 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

12 3/4 0.172 4.4 STD 34 39 67 73 83 89 96 103 112 127

323.9 ALT 42 49 67 73 83 89 96 103 112 127

0.188 4.8 STD 37 43 73 80 90 97 104 113 122 139

ALT 46 54 73 80 90 97 104 113 122 139

0.203 5.2 STD 40 46 79 87 98 105 113 122 132 151

ALT 50 58 79 87 98 105 113 122 132 151

0.219 5.6 STD 43 50 85 93 106 113 122 132 142 162

ALT 54 63 85 93 106 113 122 132 142 162

0.250 6.4 STD 49 57 97 106 121 130 139 150 162 185

ALT 61 71 97 106 121 130 139 150 162 185

0.281 7.1 STD 54 63 108 118 134 144 154 167 180 206

ALT 68 79 108 118 134 144 154 167 180 206

0.312 7.9 STD 61 71 120 131 149 160 172 186 200 207

ALT 76 88 120 131 149 160 172 186 200 229

0.330 8.4 STD 64 75 128 140 158 170 183 198 207 207

ALT 81 94 128 140 158 170 183 198 213 243

0.344 8.7 STD 67 78 132 145 164 176 189 205 207 207

ALT 83 97 132 145 164 176 189 205 221 252

0.375 9.5 STD 73 85 145 158 179 192 206 207 207 207

ALT 91 106 145 158 179 192 206 223 241 275

0.406 10.3 STD 79 92 157 171 194 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 99 115 157 171 194 209 224 242 261 298

0.438 11.1 STD 85 99 169 185 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 106 124 169 185 209 225 241 261 281 322

0.500 12.7 STD 97 113 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 122 142 193 211 239 257 276 299 322 368

0.562 14.3 STD 110 128 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 137 160 218 238 269 290 311 336 363 414

0.625 15.9 STD 122 142 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 152 177 242 265 300 322 345 374 403 461

0.688 17.5 STD 134 156 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 168 193 266 291 330 355 380 411 444 500

0.750 19.1 STD 146 171 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 183 193 291 318 360 387 415 449 484 500

0.812 20.6 STD 158 184 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 314 343 388 417 448 484 500 500

0.875 22.2 STD 170 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 338 369 418 450 482 500 500 500

0.938 23.8 STD 183 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 362 396 448 482 500 500 500 500


326



12 3/4 1.000 25.4 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

323.9 ALT 193 193 387 423 479 500 500 500 500 500

1.062 27.0 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 411 449 500 500 500 500 500 500

1.125 28.6 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 435 476 500 500 500 500 500 500

1.250 31.8 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 484 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

14 0.188 4.8 STD 34 39 67 73 82 89 95 103 111 127

355.6 ALT 42 49 67 73 82 89 95 103 111 127

0.203 5.2 STD 36 42 72 79 89 96 103 111 120 137

ALT 45 53 72 79 89 96 103 111 120 137

0.210 5.3 STD 37 43 73 80 91 98 105 114 122 140

ALT 46 54 73 80 91 98 105 114 122 140

0.219 5.6 STD 39 46 78 85 96 103 111 120 129 148

ALT 49 57 78 85 96 103 111 120 129 148

0.250 6.4 STD 45 52 89 97 110 118 127 137 148 169

ALT 56 65 89 97 110 118 127 137 148 169

0.281 7.1 STD 50 58 98 108 122 131 141 152 164 187

ALT 62 72 98 108 122 131 141 152 164 187

0.312 7.9 STD 55 64 110 120 136 146 156 169 182 207

ALT 69 80 110 120 136 146 156 169 182 208

0.344 8.7 STD 61 71 121 132 150 161 173 187 201 207

ALT 76 88 121 132 150 161 173 187 201 230

0.375 9.5 STD 66 77 132 144 163 175 188 203 207 207

ALT 83 97 132 144 163 175 188 203 219 251

0.406 10.3 STD 72 84 143 156 177 190 204 207 207 207

ALT 90 105 143 156 177 190 204 221 238 272

0.438 11.1 STD 78 90 154 168 191 205 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 154 168 191 205 220 238 256 293

0.469 11.9 STD 83 97 165 180 204 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 104 121 165 180 204 220 236 255 275 314

0.500 12.7 STD 89 103 176 192 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 111 129 176 192 218 234 251 272 293 335

0.562 14.3 STD 100 116 198 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 124 145 198 217 245 264 283 306 330 377

0.625 15.9 STD 111 129 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 139 162 220 241 273 293 315 341 367 420

0.688 17.5 STD 122 142 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 153 178 243 265 300 323 346 375 404 462

0.750 19.1 STD 133 155 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 167 193 265 289 328 352 378 409 441 500

0.812 20.6 STD 144 168 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207


API 5LTables

327



14 ALT 180 193 286 312 354 380 408 441 476 500

355.6 0.875 22.2 STD 155 181 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 308 336 381 410 439 475 500 500

0.938 23.8 STD 166 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 330 361 408 439 471 500 500 500

1.000 25.4 STD 177 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 352 385 436 469 500 500 500 500

1.062 27.0 STD 189 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 374 409 463 498 500 500 500 500

1.125 28.6 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 397 433 491 500 500 500 500 500

1.250 31.8 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 441 482 500 500 500 500 500 500

16 0.188 4.8 STD 29 34 58 64 72 78 83 90 97 111

406.4 ALT 37 43 58 64 72 78 83 90 97 111

0.203 5.2 STD 32 37 63 69 78 84 90 97 105 120

ALT 40 46 63 69 78 84 90 97 105 120

0.219 5.6 STD 34 40 68 74 84 90 97 105 113 129

ALT 43 50 68 74 84 90 97 105 113 129

0.250 6.4 STD 39 46 78 85 96 103 111 120 129 148

ALT 49 57 78 85 96 103 111 120 129 148

0.281 7.1 STD 43 51 86 94 107 115 123 133 143 164

ALT 54 63 86 94 107 115 123 133 143 164

0.312 7.9 STD 48 56 96 105 119 128 137 148 160 182

ALT 60 70 96 105 119 128 137 148 160 182

0.344 8.7 STD 53 62 106 115 131 140 151 163 176 201

ALT 66 77 106 115 131 140 151 163 176 201

0.375 9.5 STD 58 68 115 126 143 153 165 178 192 207

ALT 73 85 115 126 143 153 165 178 192 219

0.406 10.3 STD 63 73 125 137 155 166 178 193 207 207

ALT 79 92 125 137 155 166 178 193 208 238

0.438 11.1 STD 68 79 135 147 167 179 192 207 207 207

ALT 85 99 135 147 167 179 192 208 224 250

0.469 11.9 STD 73 85 144 158 179 192 206 207 207 207

ALT 91 106 144 158 179 192 206 223 240 250

0.500 12.7 STD 78 90 154 168 191 205 207 207 207 207

ALT 78 90 154 168 191 205 220 238 250 250

0.562 14.3 STD 87 102 173 190 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 109 127 173 190 215 231 248 250 250 250

0.625 15.9 STD 97 113 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 121 141 193 211 239 250 250 250 250 250

0.688 17.5 STD 107 125 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 134 156 212 232 250 250 250 250 250 250


328



16 0.750 19.1 STD 117 136 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

406.4 ALT 146 170 232 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.812 20.6 STD 126 147 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 157 183 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.875 22.2 STD 136 158 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 170 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 145 169 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 182 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 155 181 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 165 192 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 175 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 185 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 193 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

18 0.188 4.8 STD 26 30 52 57 64 69 74 80 86 99

457.0 ALT 33 38 52 57 64 69 74 80 86 99

0.219 5.6 STD 30 35 60 66 75 80 86 93 101 115

ALT 38 44 60 66 75 80 86 93 101 115

0.250 6.4 STD 35 41 69 75 85 92 99 107 115 131

ALT 43 51 69 75 85 92 99 107 115 131

0.281 7.1 STD 39 45 77 84 95 102 109 118 128 146

ALT 48 56 77 84 95 102 109 118 128 146

0.312 7.9 STD 43 50 85 93 106 113 122 132 142 162

ALT 54 62 85 93 106 113 122 132 142 162

0.344 8.7 STD 47 55 94 103 116 125 134 145 156 179

ALT 59 69 94 103 116 125 134 145 156 179

0.375 9.5 STD 52 60 102 112 127 136 146 158 171 195

ALT 65 75 102 112 127 136 146 158 171 195

0.406 10.3 STD 56 65 111 121 138 148 159 172 185 207

ALT 70 81 111 121 138 148 159 172 185 211

0.438 11.1 STD 60 70 120 131 148 159 171 185 199 207

ALT 75 88 120 131 148 159 171 185 199 228

0.469 11.9 STD 65 75 128 140 159 171 183 198 207 207

ALT 81 94 128 140 159 171 183 198 214 244

0.500 12.7 STD 69 80 137 150 170 182 196 207 207 207

ALT 86 100 137 150 170 182 196 212 228 250

0.562 14.3 STD 78 90 154 169 191 205 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 154 169 191 205 220 238 250 250

0.625 15.9 STD 86 101 172 187 207 207 207 207 207 207


API 5LTables

329



18 ALT 108 126 172 187 212 228 245 250 250 250

457.0 0.688 17.5 STD 95 111 189 206 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 119 138 189 206 234 250 250 250 250 250

0.750 19.1 STD 104 121 206 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 130 151 206 225 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.812 20.6 STD 112 130 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 140 163 222 243 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.875 22.2 STD 121 140 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 151 176 239 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 129 151 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 162 188 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 138 161 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 173 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 147 171 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 183 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 155 181 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 164 191 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 173 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

20 0.219 5.6 STD 27 32 58 63 71 77 82 89 96 110

508.0 ALT 34 40 58 63 71 77 82 89 96 110

0.250 6.4 STD 31 36 66 72 81 88 94 102 110 125

ALT 39 46 66 72 81 88 94 102 110 125

0.281 7.1 STD 35 40 73 80 90 97 104 113 122 139

ALT 43 51 73 80 90 97 104 113 122 139

0.312 7.9 STD 39 45 81 89 100 108 116 125 135 155

ALT 48 56 81 89 100 108 116 125 135 155

0.344 8.7 STD 43 50 89 98 111 119 128 138 149 170

ALT 53 62 89 98 111 119 128 138 149 170

0.375 9.5 STD 46 54 98 107 121 130 139 151 163 186

ALT 58 68 98 107 121 130 139 151 163 186

0.406 10.3 STD 50 59 106 116 131 141 151 164 176 201

ALT 63 73 106 116 131 141 151 164 176 201

0.438 11.1 STD 54 63 114 125 141 152 163 176 190 207

ALT 68 79 114 125 141 152 163 176 190 217

0.469 11.9 STD 58 68 122 134 151 163 175 189 204 207

ALT 73 85 122 134 151 163 175 189 204 233

0.500 12.7 STD 62 72 131 143 162 174 186 202 207 207

ALT 78 90 131 143 162 174 186 202 217 248

0.562 14.3 STD 70 81 147 161 182 196 207 207 207 207

ALT 70 81 147 161 182 196 207 207 207 207


330



20 0.625 15.9 STD 78 91 163 179 202 207 207 207 207 207

508.0 ALT 97 113 163 179 202 217 233 250 250 250

0.688 17.9 STD 88 102 184 201 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 109 127 184 201 228 245 250 250 250 250

0.750 19.1 STD 93 109 196 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 117 136 196 215 243 250 250 250 250 250

0.812 20.6 STD 101 117 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 126 147 212 231 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.875 22.2 STD 109 126 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 136 158 228 249 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 116 135 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 145 169 245 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 124 145 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 155 181 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 132 154 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 165 192 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 140 163 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 175 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 148 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 185 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 155 181 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.312 33.3 STD 163 190 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.375 34.9 STD 171 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

22 0.219 5.6 STD 25 29 52 57 65 70 75 81 87 100

559.0 ALT 31 36 52 57 65 70 75 81 87 100

0.250 6.4 STD 28 33 60 65 74 80 85 92 100 114

ALT 36 41 60 65 74 80 85 92 100 114

0.281 7.1 STD 32 37 66 73 82 88 95 102 110 126

ALT 39 46 66 73 82 88 95 102 110 126

0.312 7.9 STD 35 41 74 81 91 98 105 114 123 140

ALT 44 51 74 81 91 98 105 114 123 140

0.344 8.7 STD 39 45 81 89 101 108 116 126 135 155

ALT 48 56 81 89 101 108 116 126 135 155

0.375 9.5 STD 42 49 89 97 110 118 127 137 148 169

ALT 53 61 89 97 110 118 127 137 148 169

0.406 10.3 STD 46 53 96 105 119 128 137 149 160 183

ALT 57 67 96 105 119 128 137 149 160 183

0.438 11.1 STD 49 57 104 113 128 138 148 160 173 197

ALT 62 72 104 113 128 138 148 160 173 197

0.469 11.9 STD 53 62 111 121 138 148 159 172 185 207


API 5LTables

331



22 ALT 66 77 111 121 138 148 159 172 185 212

559.0 0.500 12.7 STD 56 66 119 130 147 158 169 183 198 207

ALT 71 82 119 130 147 158 169 183 198 226

0.562 14.3 STD 64 74 134 146 165 178 191 206 207 207

ALT 79 92 134 146 165 178 191 206 222 250

0.625 15.9 STD 71 82 148 162 184 198 207 207 207 207

ALT 88 103 148 162 184 198 212 229 247 250

0.688 17.5 STD 78 91 163 179 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 179 202 218 233 250 250 250

0.750 19.1 STD 85 99 178 195 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 106 124 178 195 221 237 250 250 250 250

0.812 20.6 STD 92 107 192 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 114 133 192 210 238 250 250 250 250 250

0.875 22.2 STD 99 115 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 123 144 207 227 250 250 250 250 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 106 123 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 132 154 222 243 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 113 131 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 141 164 237 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 120 140 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 150 175 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 127 148 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 159 185 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 134 156 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 168 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 141 165 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 177 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.312 33.3 STD 148 172 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 185 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.375 34.9 STD 155 181 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.438 36.5 STD 162 189 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.500 38.1 STD 169 193 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

24 0.250 6.4 STD 26 30 55 60 68 73 78 85 91 104

610.0 ALT 33 38 55 60 68 73 78 85 91 104

0.281 7.1 STD 29 34 61 66 75 81 87 94 101 116

ALT 36 42 61 66 75 81 87 94 101 116

0.312 7.9 STD 32 37 68 74 84 90 96 104 113 129

ALT 40 47 68 74 84 90 96 104 113 129

0.344 8.7 STD 35 41 74 81 92 99 106 115 124 142

ALT 44 52 74 81 92 99 106 115 124 142


332



24 0.375 9.5 STD 39 45 81 89 101 108 116 126 135 155

610.0 ALT 48 56 81 89 101 108 116 126 135 155

0.406 10.3 STD 42 49 88 96 109 117 126 136 147 168

ALT 52 61 88 96 109 117 126 136 147 168

0.438 11.1 STD 45 53 95 104 118 126 135 147 158 181

ALT 57 66 95 104 118 126 135 147 158 181

0.469 11.9 STD 48 56 102 111 126 136 145 157 170 194

ALT 61 71 102 111 126 136 145 157 170 194

0.500 12.7 STD 52 60 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207

ALT 65 75 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207

0.562 14.3 STD 58 68 122 134 151 163 175 189 204 207

ALT 73 85 122 134 151 163 175 189 204 233

0.625 15.9 STD 65 75 136 149 168 181 194 207 207 207

ALT 81 94 136 149 168 181 194 210 227 250

0.688 17.5 STD 71 83 150 164 185 199 207 207 207 207

ALT 89 104 150 164 185 199 214 231 249 250

0.750 19.1 STD 78 91 163 179 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 179 202 218 233 250 250 250

0.812 20.6 STD 84 98 176 193 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 105 122 176 193 218 235 250 250 250 250

0.875 22.2 STD 90 105 190 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 113 132 190 208 235 250 250 250 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 97 113 204 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 121 141 204 223 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 103 120 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 129 151 217 238 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 110 128 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 137 160 231 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 116 136 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 146 169 245 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 123 143 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 154 179 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 129 151 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 162 188 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.312 33.3 STD 136 158 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 170 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.375 34.9 STD 142 165 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 178 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.438 36.5 STD 149 173 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 186 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.500 38.1 STD 155 181 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.562 39.7 STD 162 188 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 193 193 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250


API 5LTables

333



26 0.250 6.4 STD 24 28 51 55 63 67 72 78 84 96

660.0 ALT 30 35 51 55 63 67 72 78 84 96

0.281 7.1 STD 27 31 56 61 70 75 80 87 94 107

ALT 33 39 56 61 70 75 80 87 94 107

0.312 7.9 STD 30 35 62 68 77 83 89 97 104 119

ALT 37 43 62 68 77 83 89 97 104 119

0.344 8.7 STD 33 38 69 75 85 92 98 106 115 131

ALT 41 48 69 75 85 92 98 106 115 131

0.375 9.5 STD 36 42 75 82 93 100 107 116 125 143

ALT 45 52 75 82 93 100 107 116 125 143

0.406 10.3 STD 39 45 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

ALT 48 56 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

0.438 11.1 STD 42 49 88 96 109 117 125 136 146 167

ALT 52 61 88 96 109 117 125 136 146 167

0.469 11.9 STD 45 52 94 103 117 125 134 145 157 179

ALT 56 65 94 103 117 125 134 145 157 179

0.500 12.7 STD 48 56 100 110 124 134 143 155 167 191

ALT 60 70 100 110 124 134 143 155 167 191

0.562 14.3 STD 54 63 113 124 140 151 161 175 188 207

ALT 67 78 113 124 140 151 161 175 188 207

0.625 15.9 STD 60 70 126 137 156 167 180 194 207 207

ALT 75 87 126 137 156 167 180 194 209 239

0.688 17.5 STD 66 77 138 151 171 184 198 207 207 207

ALT 82 96 138 151 171 184 198 214 231 250

0.750 19.1 STD 72 84 151 165 187 201 207 207 207 207

ALT 90 105 151 165 187 201 216 233 250 250

0.812 20.6 STD 78 90 163 178 201 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 178 202 217 233 250 250 250

0.875 22.2 STD 84 97 176 192 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 104 122 176 192 217 234 250 250 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 90 104 188 206 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 112 130 188 206 233 250 250 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 96 111 201 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 119 139 201 220 249 250 250 250 250 250

28 0.250 6.4 STD 22 26 47 51 58 63 67 73 78 89

711.0 ALT 28 33 47 51 58 63 67 73 78 89

0.281 7.1 STD 25 29 52 57 65 69 74 81 87 99

ALT 31 36 52 57 65 69 74 81 87 99

0.312 7.9 STD 28 32 58 63 72 77 83 90 97 110

ALT 35 40 58 63 72 77 83 90 97 110

0.344 8.7 STD 30 35 64 70 79 85 91 99 106 122

ALT 38 44 64 70 79 85 91 99 106 122

0.375 9.5 STD 33 39 70 76 86 93 100 108 116 133


334



28 ALT 41 48 70 76 86 93 100 108 116 133

711.0 0.406 10.3 STD 36 42 76 83 94 101 108 117 126 144

ALT 45 52 76 83 94 101 108 117 126 144

0.438 11.1 STD 39 45 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

ALT 48 56 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

0.469 11.9 STD 42 48 87 96 108 116 125 135 146 166

ALT 52 61 87 96 108 116 125 135 146 166

0.500 12.7 STD 44 52 93 102 115 124 133 144 155 177

ALT 55 65 93 102 115 124 133 144 155 177

0.562 14.3 STD 50 58 105 115 130 139 150 162 175 200

ALT 62 73 105 115 130 139 150 162 175 200

0.625 15.9 STD 56 65 117 128 145 155 167 180 194 207

ALT 69 81 117 128 145 155 167 180 194 222

0.688 17.5 STD 61 71 128 140 159 171 183 198 207 207

ALT 76 89 128 140 159 171 183 198 214 245

0.750 19.1 STD 67 78 140 153 174 187 200 207 207 207

ALT 83 97 140 153 174 187 200 217 234 250

0.812 20.6 STD 72 84 151 165 187 201 207 207 207 207

ALT 90 105 151 165 187 201 216 234 250 250

0.875 22.2 STD 78 90 163 178 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 178 202 217 250 250 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 83 97 175 191 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 104 121 175 191 216 233 249 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 89 103 186 204 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 111 129 186 204 231 248 250 250 250 250

30 0.250 6.4 STD 21 24 44 48 54 58 63 68 73 83

762.0 ALT 26 30 44 48 54 58 63 68 73 83

0.281 7.1 STD 23 27 49 53 60 65 69 75 81 93

ALT 29 34 49 53 60 65 69 75 81 93

0.312 7.9 STD 26 30 54 59 67 72 77 84 90 103

ALT 32 37 54 59 67 72 77 84 90 103

0.344 8.7 STD 28 33 60 65 74 79 85 92 99 113

ALT 35 41 60 65 74 79 85 92 99 113

0.375 9.5 STD 31 36 65 71 81 87 93 101 108 124

ALT 39 45 65 71 81 87 93 101 108 124

0.406 10.3 STD 34 39 71 77 87 94 101 109 118 134

ALT 42 49 71 77 87 94 101 109 118 134

0.438 11.1 STD 36 42 76 83 94 101 109 117 127 145

ALT 45 53 76 83 94 101 109 117 127 145

0.469 11.9 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

ALT 48 56 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

0.500 12.7 STD 41 48 87 95 108 116 124 134 145 166

ALT 52 60 87 95 108 116 124 134 145 166


API 5LTables

335



30 0.562 14.3 STD 47 54 98 107 121 130 140 151 163 186

762.0 ALT 58 68 98 107 121 130 140 151 163 186

0.625 15.9 STD 52 60 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207

ALT 65 75 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207

0.688 17.5 STD 57 66 120 131 148 160 171 185 200 207

ALT 71 83 120 131 148 160 171 185 200 228

0.750 19.1 STD 62 72 131 143 162 174 187 202 207 207

ALT 78 91 131 143 162 174 187 202 218 249

0.812 20.6 STD 67 78 141 154 175 188 201 207 207 207

ALT 84 98 141 154 175 188 201 218 235 250

0.875 22.2 STD 72 84 152 166 188 202 207 207 207 207

ALT 90 105 152 166 188 202 217 235 250 250

0.938 23.8 STD 78 90 163 178 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 178 202 217 233 250 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 83 96 174 190 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 104 121 174 190 215 232 248 250 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 88 102 185 202 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 110 128 185 202 229 246 250 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 93 109 196 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 117 136 196 214 243 250 250 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 98 115 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 123 143 207 226 250 250 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 104 121 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 130 151 218 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

32 0.250 6.4 STD 20 23 41 45 51 55 59 63 68 78

813.0 ALT 24 28 41 45 51 55 59 63 68 78

0.281 7.1 STD 22 25 46 50 56 61 65 70 76 87

ALT 27 32 46 50 56 61 65 70 76 87

0.312 7.9 STD 24 28 51 55 63 68 72 78 84 97

ALT 30 35 51 55 63 68 72 78 84 97

0.344 8.7 STD 27 31 56 61 69 74 80 86 93 106

ALT 33 39 56 61 69 74 80 86 93 106

0.375 9.5 STD 29 34 61 67 76 81 87 94 102 116

ALT 36 42 61 67 76 81 87 94 102 116

0.406 10.3 STD 31 37 66 72 82 88 94 102 110 126

ALT 39 46 66 72 82 88 94 102 110 126

0.438 11.1 STD 34 39 71 78 88 95 102 110 119 136

ALT 42 49 71 78 88 95 102 110 119 136

0.469 11.9 STD 36 42 76 84 95 102 109 118 127 145

ALT 45 53 76 84 95 102 109 118 127 145

0.500 12.7 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

ALT 49 56 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

0.562 14.3 STD 44 51 92 100 114 122 131 142 153 175


336



32 ALT 55 64 92 100 114 122 131 142 153 175

813.0 0.625 15.9 STD 49 57 102 112 126 136 146 158 170 194

ALT 61 71 102 112 126 136 146 158 170 194

0.688 17.5 STD 53 62 112 123 139 150 160 174 187 207

ALT 67 78 112 123 139 150 160 174 187 214

0.750 19.1 STD 58 68 123 134 152 163 175 189 204 207

ALT 73 85 123 134 152 163 175 189 204 233

0.812 20.6 STD 63 73 132 145 164 176 189 204 207 207

ALT 79 92 132 145 164 176 189 204 220 250

0.875 22.2 STD 68 79 143 156 176 190 203 207 207 207

ALT 85 99 143 156 176 190 203 220 237 250

0.938 23.8 STD 73 85 153 167 189 203 207 207 207 207

ALT 91 106 153 167 189 203 218 236 250 250

1.000 25.4 STD 78 90 163 178 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 178 202 217 233 250 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 82 96 173 189 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 103 120 173 189 215 231 247 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 87 102 184 201 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 109 127 184 201 227 244 250 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 92 107 194 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 115 134 194 212 240 250 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 97 113 204 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 121 141 204 223 250 250 250 250 250 250

34 0.250 6.4 STD 18 21 39 42 48 51 55 60 64 74

864.0 ALT 23 27 39 42 48 51 55 60 64 74

0.281 7.1 STD 20 24 43 47 53 57 61 66 71 82

ALT 26 30 43 47 53 57 61 66 71 82

0.312 7.9 STD 23 26 48 52 59 64 68 74 79 91

ALT 28 33 48 52 59 64 68 74 79 91

0.344 8.7 STD 25 29 53 57 65 70 75 81 88 100

ALT 31 36 53 57 65 70 75 81 88 100

0.375 9.5 STD 27 32 57 63 71 76 82 89 96 109

ALT 34 40 57 63 71 76 82 89 96 109

0.406 10.3 STD 30 34 62 68 77 83 89 96 104 118

ALT 37 43 62 68 77 83 89 96 104 118

0.438 11.1 STD 32 37 67 74 83 89 96 104 112 128

ALT 40 46 67 74 83 89 96 104 112 128

0.469 11.9 STD 34 40 72 79 89 96 103 111 120 137

ALT 43 50 72 79 89 96 103 111 120 137

0.500 12.7 STD 37 43 77 84 95 102 110 119 128 146

ALT 46 53 77 84 95 102 110 119 128 146

0.562 14.3 STD 41 48 86 94 107 115 123 133 144 164

ALT 51 60 86 94 107 115 123 133 144 164


API 5LTables

337



34 0.625 15.9 STD 46 53 96 105 119 128 137 148 160 183

864.0 ALT 57 67 96 105 119 128 137 148 160 183

0.688 17.5 STD 50 59 106 131 130 141 151 163 176 201

ALT 63 73 106 131 130 141 151 163 176 201

0.750 19.1 STD 55 64 115 126 143 154 165 178 192 207

ALT 69 80 115 126 143 154 165 178 192 220

0.812 20.6 STD 59 69 124 136 154 166 178 192 207 207

ALT 74 86 124 136 154 166 178 192 207 237

0.875 22.2 STD 64 74 134 147 166 179 191 207 207 207

ALT 80 93 134 147 166 179 191 207 223 250

0.938 23.8 STD 68 80 144 157 178 191 205 207 207 207

ALT 86 100 144 157 178 191 205 222 239 250

1.000 25.4 STD 73 85 153 168 190 204 207 207 207 207

ALT 91 106 153 168 190 204 219 237 250 250

1.062 27.0 STD 78 90 163 178 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 178 202 217 233 250 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 82 96 173 189 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 103 120 173 189 214 230 247 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 87 101 182 199 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 109 126 182 199 226 243 250 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 91 106 192 207 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 114 133 192 210 238 250 250 250 250 250

36 0.250 6.4 STD 17 20 37 40 45 49 52 56 61 70

914.0 ALT 22 25 37 40 45 49 52 56 61 70

0.281 7.1 STD 19 22 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

ALT 24 28 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

0.312 7.9 STD 21 25 45 49 56 60 64 70 75 86

ALT 27 31 45 49 56 60 64 70 75 86

0.344 8.7 STD 24 28 50 54 62 66 71 77 83 95

ALT 30 34 50 54 62 66 71 77 83 95

0.375 9.5 STD 26 30 54 59 67 72 77 84 90 103

ALT 32 38 54 59 67 72 77 84 90 103

0.406 10.3 STD 28 33 59 64 73 78 84 91 98 112

ALT 35 41 59 64 73 78 84 91 98 112

0.438 11.1 STD 30 35 63 69 78 84 91 98 106 121

ALT 38 44 63 69 78 84 91 98 106 121

0.469 11.9 STD 32 38 68 74 84 90 97 105 113 129

ALT 40 47 68 74 84 90 97 105 113 129

0.500 12.7 STD 35 40 73 79 90 97 104 112 121 138

ALT 43 50 73 79 90 97 104 112 121 138

0.562 14.3 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

ALT 49 57 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

0.625 15.9 STD 43 50 91 99 112 121 130 140 151 173


338



36 ALT 54 63 91 99 112 121 130 140 151 173

914.0 0.688 17.5 STD 48 55 100 109 124 133 143 154 166 190

ALT 59 69 100 109 124 133 143 154 166 190

0.750 19.1 STD 52 60 109 119 135 145 156 169 182 207

ALT 65 76 109 119 135 145 156 169 182 208

0.812 20.6 STD 56 65 118 129 146 157 168 182 196 207

ALT 70 81 118 129 146 157 168 182 196 224

0.875 22.2 STD 60 70 127 139 157 169 181 196 207 207

ALT 75 88 127 139 157 169 181 196 211 241

0.938 23.8 STD 65 75 136 149 168 181 194 207 207 207

ALT 81 94 136 149 168 181 194 210 226 250

1.000 25.4 STD 69 80 145 159 180 193 207 207 207 207

ALT 86 100 145 159 180 193 207 224 242 250

1.062 27.0 STD 73 85 154 169 191 205 207 207 207 207

ALT 92 107 154 169 191 205 220 238 250 250

1.125 28.6 STD 78 90 163 178 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 178 202 217 233 250 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 82 96 172 188 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 103 119 172 189 214 230 246 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 86 101 182 199 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 108 126 182 199 225 242 250 250 250 250

38 0.312 7.9 STD 20 24 43 47 53 57 61 66 71 81

965.0 ALT 25 30 43 47 53 57 61 66 71 81

0.344 8.7 STD 22 26 47 51 58 63 67 73 78 90

ALT 28 33 47 51 58 63 67 73 78 90

0.375 9.5 STD 24 28 51 56 64 68 73 79 86 98

ALT 31 36 51 56 64 68 73 79 86 98

0.406 10.3 STD 27 31 56 61 69 74 80 86 93 106

ALT 33 39 56 61 69 74 80 86 93 106

0.438 11.1 STD 29 33 60 66 74 80 86 93 100 114

ALT 36 42 60 66 74 80 86 93 100 114

0.469 11.9 STD 31 36 64 70 80 86 92 99 107 123

ALT 38 45 64 70 80 86 92 99 107 123

0.500 12.7 STD 33 38 69 75 85 91 98 106 114 131

ALT 41 48 69 75 85 91 98 106 114 131

0.562 14.3 STD 37 43 77 85 96 103 110 119 129 147

ALT 46 54 77 85 96 103 110 119 129 147

0.625 15.9 STD 41 48 86 94 106 114 123 133 143 164

ALT 51 60 86 94 106 114 123 133 143 164

0.688 17.5 STD 45 52 95 103 117 126 135 146 158 180

ALT 56 66 95 103 117 126 135 146 158 180

0.750 19.1 STD 49 57 103 113 128 138 147 160 172 197

ALT 61 72 103 113 128 138 147 160 172 197


API 5LTables

339



38 0.812 20.6 STD 53 62 111 122 138 148 159 172 186 207

965.0 ALT 66 77 111 122 138 148 159 172 186 212

0.875 22.2 STD 57 67 120 131 149 160 171 186 200 207

ALT 71 83 120 131 149 160 171 186 200 229

0.938 23.8 STD 61 71 129 141 159 171 184 199 207 207

ALT 77 89 129 141 159 171 184 199 214 245

1.000 25.4 STD 65 76 137 150 170 183 196 207 207 207

ALT 82 95 137 150 170 183 196 212 229 250

1.062 27.0 STD 70 81 146 160 181 194 207 207 207 207

ALT 87 101 146 160 181 194 209 226 243 250

1.125 28.6 STD 74 86 155 169 192 206 207 207 207 207

ALT 92 107 155 169 192 206 221 239 250 250

1.188 30.2 STD 78 91 163 179 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 179 202 217 233 250 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 82 95 172 188 207 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 102 119 172 188 213 229 246 250 250 250

40 0.312 7.9 STD 19 22 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

1016.0 ALT 24 28 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

0.344 8.7 STD 21 25 45 49 55 59 64 69 74 85

ALT 27 31 45 49 55 59 64 69 74 85

0.375 9.5 STD 23 27 49 53 60 65 70 75 81 93

ALT 29 34 49 53 60 65 70 75 81 93

0.406 10.3 STD 25 29 53 58 66 70 76 82 88 101

ALT 31 37 53 58 66 70 76 82 88 101

0.438 11.1 STD 27 32 57 62 71 76 81 88 95 109

ALT 34 39 57 62 71 76 81 88 95 109

0.469 11.9 STD 29 34 61 67 76 81 87 94 102 116

ALT 36 42 61 67 76 81 87 94 102 116

0.500 12.7 STD 31 36 65 71 81 87 93 101 109 124

ALT 39 45 65 71 81 87 93 101 109 124

0.562 14.3 STD 35 41 73 80 91 98 105 113 122 140

ALT 44 51 73 80 91 98 105 113 122 140

0.625 15.9 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

ALT 49 57 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

0.688 17.5 STD 43 50 90 98 111 120 128 139 150 171

ALT 53 62 90 98 111 120 128 139 150 171

0.750 19.1 STD 47 54 98 107 121 131 140 152 163 187

ALT 58 68 98 107 121 131 140 152 163 187

0.812 20.6 STD 50 59 106 116 131 141 151 164 176 201

ALT 63 73 106 116 131 141 151 164 176 201

0.875 22.2 STD 54 63 114 125 141 152 163 176 190 207

ALT 68 79 114 125 141 152 163 176 190 217

0.938 23.8 STD 58 68 122 134 151 163 175 189 204 207


340



40 ALT 73 85 122 134 151 163 175 189 204 233

1016.0 1.000 25.4 STD 62 72 131 143 162 174 186 202 207 207

ALT 78 90 131 143 162 174 186 202 207 207

1.062 27.0 STD 66 77 139 152 172 185 198 207 207 207

ALT 83 96 139 152 172 185 198 214 231 250

1.125 28.6 STD 70 81 147 161 182 196 207 207 207 207

ALT 87 102 147 161 182 196 210 227 245 250

1.188 30.2 STD 74 86 155 170 192 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 92 107 155 170 192 207 222 240 250 250

1.250 31.8 STD 78 91 163 179 202 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 97 113 163 179 202 217 233 250 250 250

42 0.344 8.7 STD 20 24 43 47 53 57 61 66 71 81

1067.0 ALT 25 29 43 47 53 57 61 66 71 81

0.375 9.5 STD 22 26 46 51 58 62 66 72 77 88

ALT 28 32 46 51 58 62 66 72 77 88

0.406 10.3 STD 24 28 50 55 62 67 72 78 84 96

ALT 30 35 50 55 62 67 72 78 84 96

0.438 11.1 STD 26 30 54 59 67 72 78 84 90 103

ALT 32 38 54 59 67 72 78 84 90 103

0.469 11.9 STD 28 32 58 64 72 77 83 90 97 111

ALT 35 40 58 64 72 77 83 90 97 111

0.500 12.7 STD 30 34 62 68 77 83 89 96 103 118

ALT 37 43 62 68 77 83 89 96 103 118

0.562 14.3 STD 33 39 70 76 87 93 100 108 117 133

ALT 42 48 70 76 87 93 100 108 117 133

0.625 15.9 STD 37 43 78 85 96 104 111 120 130 148

ALT 46 54 78 85 96 104 111 120 130 148

0.688 17.5 STD 41 47 86 94 106 114 122 132 143 163

ALT 51 59 86 94 106 114 122 132 143 163

0.750 19.1 STD 44 52 93 102 116 124 133 144 156 178

ALT 56 65 93 102 116 124 133 144 156 178

0.812 20.6 STD 48 56 101 110 125 134 144 156 168 192

ALT 60 70 101 110 125 134 144 156 168 192

0.875 22.2 STD 52 60 109 119 134 145 155 168 181 207

ALT 65 75 109 119 134 145 155 168 181 207

0.938 23.8 STD 55 65 116 127 144 155 166 180 194 207

ALT 69 81 116 127 144 155 166 180 194 222

1.000 25.4 STD 59 69 124 136 154 165 177 192 207 207

ALT 74 86 124 136 154 165 177 192 207 237

1.062 27.0 STD 63 73 132 144 164 176 189 204 207 207

ALT 79 91 132 144 164 176 189 204 207 207

1.125 28.6 STD 67 78 140 153 173 186 200 207 207 207

ALT 83 97 140 153 173 186 200 216 233 250


API 5LTables

341



42 1.188 30.2 STD 70 82 148 162 183 197 207 207 207 207

1067.0 ALT 88 102 148 162 183 197 211 228 246 250

1.250 31.8 STD 74 86 156 170 193 207 207 207 207 207

ALT 93 108 156 170 193 207 222 240 250 250

44 0.344 8.7 STD 19 23 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

1118.0 ALT 24 28 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

0.375 9.5 STD 21 25 44 48 55 59 63 69 74 84

ALT 26 31 44 48 55 59 63 69 74 84

0.406 10.3 STD 23 27 48 53 60 64 69 74 80 92

ALT 29 33 48 53 60 64 69 74 80 92

0.438 11.1 STD 25 29 52 57 64 69 74 80 86 99

ALT 31 36 52 57 64 69 74 80 86 99

0.469 11.9 STD 26 31 56 61 69 74 79 86 93 106

ALT 33 38 56 61 69 74 79 86 93 106

0.500 12.7 STD 28 33 59 65 73 79 85 92 99 113

ALT 35 41 59 65 73 79 85 92 99 113

0.562 14.3 STD 32 37 67 73 83 89 95 103 111 127

ALT 40 46 67 73 83 89 95 103 111 127

0.625 15.9 STD 35 41 74 81 92 99 106 115 124 141

ALT 44 51 74 81 92 99 106 115 124 141

0.688 17.5 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 156

ALT 49 57 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 156

0.750 19.1 STD 42 49 89 97 110 119 127 138 149 170

ALT 53 62 89 97 110 119 127 138 149 170

0.812 20.6 STD 46 53 96 105 119 128 137 149 160 183

ALT 57 67 96 105 119 128 137 149 160 183

0.875 22.2 STD 49 57 104 113 128 138 148 160 173 197

ALT 62 72 104 113 128 138 148 160 173 197

0.938 23.8 STD 53 62 111 121 138 148 159 172 185 207

ALT 66 77 111 121 138 148 159 172 185 212

1.000 25.4 STD 56 66 119 130 147 158 169 183 198 207

ALT 71 82 119 130 147 158 169 183 198 226

1.062 27.0 STD 60 70 126 138 156 168 180 195 207 207

ALT 75 87 126 138 156 168 180 195 210 240

1.125 28.6 STD 64 74 134 146 165 178 191 206 207 207

ALT 79 92 134 146 165 178 191 206 222 250

1.188 30.2 STD 67 78 141 154 175 188 201 207 207 207

ALT 84 98 141 154 175 188 201 218 235 250

1.250 31.8 STD 71 82 148 162 184 198 207 207 207 207

ALT 88 103 148 162 184 198 212 229 247 250

46 0.344 8.7 STD 19 22 39 43 48 52 56 60 65 74

1168.0 ALT 23 27 39 43 48 52 56 60 65 74


342



46 0.375 9.5 STD 20 24 42 46 53 57 61 66 71 81

1168.0 ALT 25 29 42 46 53 57 61 66 71 81

0.406 10.3 STD 22 26 46 50 57 61 66 71 77 88

ALT 27 32 46 50 57 61 66 71 77 88

0.438 11.1 STD 24 27 50 54 61 66 71 77 83 94

ALT 30 34 50 54 61 66 71 77 83 94

0.469 11.9 STD 25 29 53 58 66 71 76 82 89 101

ALT 32 37 53 58 66 71 76 82 89 101

0.500 12.7 STD 27 31 57 62 70 76 81 88 95 108

ALT 34 39 57 62 70 76 81 88 95 108

0.562 14.3 STD 30 35 64 70 79 85 91 99 106 122

ALT 38 44 64 70 79 85 91 99 106 122

0.625 15.9 STD 34 39 71 78 88 95 101 110 118 135

ALT 42 49 71 78 88 95 101 110 118 135

0.688 17.5 STD 37 43 78 85 97 104 112 121 130 149

ALT 47 54 78 85 97 104 112 121 130 149

0.750 19.1 STD 41 47 85 93 106 114 122 132 141 162

ALT 51 59 85 93 106 114 122 132 141 162

0.812 20.6 STD 44 51 92 101 114 123 131 142 153 175

ALT 55 64 92 101 114 123 131 142 153 175

0.875 22.2 STD 47 55 99 108 123 132 142 153 165 189

ALT 59 69 99 108 123 132 142 153 165 189

0.938 23.8 STD 51 59 106 116 132 142 152 164 177 202

ALT 63 74 106 116 132 142 152 164 177 202

1.000 25.4 STD 54 63 114 124 141 151 162 175 189 207

ALT 68 79 114 124 141 151 162 175 189 216

1.062 27.0 STD 57 67 121 132 149 161 172 186 201 207

ALT 72 84 121 132 149 161 172 186 201 230

1.125 28.6 STD 61 71 128 140 158 170 182 197 207 207

ALT 76 89 128 140 158 170 182 197 213 243

1.188 30.2 STD 64 75 135 148 167 180 193 207 207 207

ALT 80 93 135 148 167 180 193 209 225 250

1.250 31.8 STD 68 79 142 155 176 189 203 207 207 207

ALT 85 98 142 155 176 189 203 220 237 250

48 0.344 8.7 STD 18 21 37 41 46 50 53 58 62 71

1219.0 ALT 22 26 37 41 46 50 53 58 62 71

0.375 9.5 STD 19 23 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

ALT 24 28 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

0.406 10.3 STD 21 24 44 48 55 59 63 68 73 84

ALT 26 31 44 48 55 59 63 68 73 84

0.438 11.1 STD 23 26 48 52 59 63 68 73 79 90

ALT 28 33 48 52 59 63 68 73 79 90

0.469 11.9 STD 24 28 51 56 63 68 73 79 85 97


API 5LTables

343



48 ALT 30 35 51 56 63 68 73 79 85 97

1219.0 0.500 12.7 STD 26 30 54 59 67 72 78 84 91 104

ALT 32 38 54 59 67 72 78 84 91 104

0.562 14.3 STD 29 34 61 67 76 82 87 95 102 117

ALT 36 42 61 67 76 82 87 95 102 117

0.625 15.9 STD 32 38 68 74 84 91 97 105 113 130

ALT 41 47 68 74 84 91 97 105 113 130

0.688 17.5 STD 36 42 75 82 93 100 107 116 125 143

ALT 45 52 75 82 93 100 107 116 125 143

0.750 19.1 STD 39 45 81 89 101 109 117 126 136 156

ALT 49 57 81 89 101 109 117 126 136 156

0.812 20.6 STD 42 49 88 96 109 117 126 136 147 168

ALT 52 61 88 96 109 117 126 136 147 168

0.875 22.2 STD 45 53 95 104 118 127 136 147 158 181

ALT 57 66 95 104 118 127 136 147 158 181

0.938 23.8 STD 48 56 102 111 126 136 145 157 170 194

ALT 61 71 102 111 126 136 145 157 170 194

1.000 25.4 STD 52 60 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207

ALT 65 75 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207

1.062 27.0 STD 55 64 116 126 143 154 165 179 193 207

ALT 69 80 116 126 143 154 165 179 193 220

1.125 28.6 STD 58 68 122 134 152 163 175 189 204 207

ALT 73 85 122 134 152 163 175 189 204 233

1.188 30.2 STD 62 72 129 141 160 172 185 200 207 207

ALT 77 90 129 141 160 172 185 200 215 246

1.250 31.8 STD 65 75 136 149 169 181 194 207 207 207

ALT 81 94 136 149 169 181 194 210 227 250

52 0.375 9.5 STD 18 21 38 41 46 50 54 58 63 71

1321.0 ALT 22 26 38 41 46 50 54 58 63 71

0.406 10.3 STD 19 23 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

ALT 24 28 41 44 50 54 58 63 68 77

0.438 11.1 STD 21 24 44 48 54 58 63 68 73 83

ALT 26 30 44 48 54 58 63 68 73 83

0.469 11.9 STD 22 26 47 51 58 63 67 73 78 90

ALT 28 33 47 51 58 63 67 73 78 90

0.500 12.7 STD 24 28 50 55 62 67 72 78 84 96

ALT 30 35 50 55 62 67 72 78 84 96

0.562 14.3 STD 27 31 57 62 70 75 81 87 94 108

ALT 34 39 57 62 70 75 81 87 94 108

0.625 15.9 STD 30 35 63 69 78 84 90 97 105 120

ALT 37 44 63 69 78 84 90 97 105 120

0.688 17.5 STD 33 38 69 76 86 92 99 107 115 132

ALT 41 48 69 76 86 92 99 107 115 132


344



52 0.750 19.1 STD 36 42 75 83 93 100 108 117 126 144

1321.0 ALT 45 52 75 83 93 100 108 117 126 144

0.812 20.6 STD 39 45 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

ALT 48 56 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

0.875 22.2 STD 42 49 88 96 109 117 125 136 146 167

ALT 52 61 88 96 109 117 125 136 146 167

0.938 23.8 STD 45 52 94 103 116 125 134 145 157 179

ALT 56 65 94 103 116 125 134 145 157 179

1.000 25.4 STD 48 56 100 110 124 134 143 155 167 191

ALT 60 70 100 110 124 134 143 155 167 191

1.062 27.0 STD 51 59 107 117 132 142 152 165 178 203

ALT 63 74 107 117 132 142 152 165 178 203

1.125 28.6 STD 54 63 113 124 140 150 161 175 188 207

ALT 67 78 113 124 140 150 161 175 188 215

1.188 30.2 STD 57 66 119 130 148 159 170 184 199 207

ALT 71 83 119 130 148 159 170 184 199 227

1.250 31.8 STD 60 70 126 137 156 167 179 194 207 207

ALT 75 87 126 137 156 167 179 194 209 239

56 0.375 9.5 STD 17 19 35 38 43 46 50 54 58 66

1422.0 ALT 21 24 35 38 43 46 50 54 58 66

0.406 10.3 STD 18 21 38 41 47 50 54 58 63 72

ALT 22 26 38 41 47 50 54 58 63 72

0.438 11.1 STD 19 23 41 45 50 54 58 63 68 78

ALT 24 28 41 45 50 54 58 63 68 78

0.469 11.9 STD 21 24 44 48 54 58 62 67 73 83

ALT 26 30 44 48 54 58 62 67 73 83

0.500 12.7 STD 22 26 47 51 58 62 67 72 78 89

ALT 28 32 47 51 58 62 67 72 78 89

0.562 14.3 STD 25 29 52 57 65 70 75 81 87 100

ALT 31 36 52 57 65 70 75 81 87 100

0.625 15.9 STD 28 32 58 64 72 78 83 90 97 111

ALT 35 40 58 64 72 78 83 90 97 111

0.688 17.5 STD 31 36 64 70 80 86 92 99 107 122

ALT 38 44 64 70 80 86 92 99 107 122

0.750 19.1 STD 33 39 70 77 87 93 100 108 117 133

ALT 42 49 70 77 87 93 100 108 117 133

0.812 20.6 STD 36 42 76 83 94 101 108 117 126 144

ALT 45 52 76 83 94 101 108 117 126 144

0.875 22.2 STD 39 45 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

ALT 48 56 81 89 101 108 116 126 136 155

0.938 23.8 STD 42 48 87 96 108 116 125 135 146 166

ALT 52 61 87 96 108 116 125 135 146 166

1.000 25.4 STD 44 52 93 102 115 124 133 144 155 177


API 5LTables

345



56 ALT 55 65 93 102 115 124 133 144 155 177

1422.0 1.062 27.0 STD 47 55 99 108 123 132 141 153 165 189

ALT 59 69 99 108 123 132 141 153 165 189

1.125 28.6 STD 50 58 105 115 130 140 150 162 175 200

ALT 62 73 105 115 130 140 150 162 175 200

1.188 30.2 STD 53 61 111 121 137 148 158 171 185 207

ALT 66 77 111 121 137 148 158 171 185 211

1.250 31.8 STD 56 65 117 128 145 155 167 180 194 207

ALT 69 81 117 128 145 155 167 180 194 222

60 0.375 9.5 STD 15 18 33 36 40 43 46 50 54 62

1524.0 ALT 19 23 33 36 40 43 46 50 54 62

0.406 10.3 STD 17 20 35 39 44 47 50 55 59 67

ALT 21 24 35 39 44 47 50 55 59 67

0.438 11.1 STD 18 21 38 42 47 51 54 59 63 72

ALT 23 26 38 42 47 51 54 59 63 72

0.469 11.9 STD 19 23 41 45 50 54 58 63 68 78

ALT 24 28 41 45 50 54 58 63 68 78

0.500 12.7 STD 21 24 44 48 54 58 62 67 72 83

ALT 26 30 44 48 54 58 62 67 72 83

0.562 14.3 STD 23 27 49 54 61 65 70 76 82 93

ALT 29 34 49 54 61 65 70 76 82 93

0.625 15.9 STD 26 30 54 60 67 72 78 84 91 104

ALT 32 38 54 60 67 72 78 84 91 104

0.688 17.5 STD 29 33 60 66 74 80 86 93 100 114

ALT 36 42 60 66 74 80 86 93 100 114

0.750 19.1 STD 31 36 65 72 81 87 93 101 109 125

ALT 39 45 65 72 81 87 93 101 109 125

0.812 20.6 STD 34 39 71 77 87 94 101 109 118 134

ALT 42 49 71 77 87 94 101 109 118 134

0.875 22.2 STD 36 42 76 83 94 101 109 118 127 145

ALT 45 53 76 83 94 101 109 118 127 145

0.938 23.8 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

ALT 48 56 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

1.000 25.4 STD 41 48 87 95 108 116 124 134 145 166

ALT 52 60 87 95 108 116 124 134 145 166

1.062 27.0 STD 44 51 92 101 114 123 132 143 154 176

ALT 55 64 92 101 114 123 132 143 154 176

1.125 28.6 STD 47 54 98 107 121 130 140 151 163 186

ALT 58 68 98 107 121 130 140 151 163 186

1.188 30.2 STD 49 57 103 113 128 138 148 160 172 197

ALT 62 72 103 113 128 138 148 160 172 197

1.250 31.8 STD 52 60 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207

ALT 65 75 109 119 135 145 155 168 181 207


346



64 0.375 9.5 STD 15 17 30 33 38 41 44 47 51 58

1626.0 ALT 18 21 30 33 38 41 44 47 51 58

0.406 10.3 STD 16 18 33 36 41 44 47 51 55 63

ALT 20 23 33 36 41 44 47 51 55 63

0.438 11.1 STD 17 20 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 68

ALT 21 25 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 68

0.469 11.9 STD 18 21 38 42 47 51 55 59 64 73

ALT 23 26 38 42 47 51 55 59 64 73

0.500 12.7 STD 19 23 41 45 50 54 58 63 68 78

ALT 24 28 41 45 50 54 58 63 68 78

0.562 14.3 STD 22 25 46 50 57 61 66 71 76 87

ALT 27 32 46 50 57 61 66 71 76 87

0.625 15.9 STD 24 28 51 56 63 68 73 79 85 97

ALT 30 35 51 56 63 68 73 79 85 97

0.688 17.5 STD 27 31 56 61 70 75 80 87 94 107

ALT 33 39 56 61 70 75 80 87 94 107

0.750 19.1 STD 29 34 61 67 76 82 88 95 102 117

ALT 36 42 61 67 76 82 88 95 102 117

0.812 20.6 STD 31 37 66 72 82 88 94 102 110 126

ALT 39 46 66 72 82 88 94 102 110 126

0.875 22.2 STD 34 39 71 78 88 95 102 110 119 136

ALT 42 49 71 78 88 95 102 110 119 136

0.938 23.8 STD 36 42 76 84 95 102 109 118 127 145

ALT 45 53 76 84 95 102 109 118 127 145

1.000 25.4 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

ALT 49 56 82 89 101 109 116 126 136 155

1.062 27.0 STD 41 48 87 95 107 115 124 134 144 165

ALT 52 60 87 95 107 115 124 134 144 165

1.125 28.6 STD 44 51 92 100 114 122 131 142 153 175

ALT 55 64 92 100 114 122 131 142 153 175

1.188 30.2 STD 46 54 97 106 120 129 138 150 161 185

ALT 58 67 97 106 120 129 138 150 161 185

1.250 31.8 STD 49 57 102 112 126 136 146 158 170 194

ALT 61 71 102 112 126 136 146 158 170 194

68 0.469 11.9 STD 17 20 36 39 45 48 51 56 60 68

1727.0 ALT 21 25 36 39 45 48 51 56 60 68

0.500 12.7 STD 18 21 38 42 48 51 55 59 64 73

ALT 23 27 38 42 48 51 55 59 64 73

0.562 14.3 STD 21 24 43 47 54 58 62 67 72 82

ALT 26 30 43 47 54 58 62 67 72 82

0.625 15.9 STD 23 27 48 53 59 64 69 74 80 91

ALT 29 33 48 53 59 64 69 74 80 91

0.688 17.5 STD 25 29 53 58 65 70 76 81 88 101


API 5LTables

347



68 ALT 31 37 53 58 65 70 76 81 88 101

1727.0 0.750 19.1 STD 27 32 58 63 71 77 82 89 96 110

ALT 34 40 58 63 71 77 82 89 96 110

0.812 20.6 STD 30 34 62 68 77 83 89 96 104 119

ALT 37 43 62 68 77 83 89 96 104 119

0.875 22.2 STD 32 37 67 73 83 89 96 104 112 128

ALT 40 46 67 73 83 89 96 104 112 128

0.938 23.8 STD 34 40 72 79 89 96 103 111 120 137

ALT 43 50 72 79 89 96 103 111 120 137

1.000 25.4 STD 37 43 77 84 95 102 110 119 128 146

ALT 46 53 77 84 95 102 110 119 128 146

1.062 27.0 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

ALT 49 57 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

1.125 28.6 STD 41 48 86 94 107 115 123 134 144 165

ALT 51 60 86 94 107 115 123 134 144 165

1.188 30.2 STD 43 51 91 100 113 121 130 141 152 174

ALT 54 63 91 100 113 121 130 141 152 174

1.250 31.8 STD 46 53 96 105 119 128 137 148 160 183

ALT 57 67 96 105 119 128 137 148 160 183

72 0.500 12.7 STD 17 20 36 40 45 48 52 56 60 69

1829.0 ALT 22 25 36 40 45 48 52 56 60 69

0.562 14.3 STD 19 23 41 45 51 54 58 63 68 78

ALT 24 28 41 45 51 54 58 63 68 78

0.625 15.9 STD 22 25 45 50 56 60 65 70 76 86

ALT 27 31 45 50 56 60 65 70 76 86

0.688 17.5 STD 24 28 50 55 62 66 71 77 83 95

ALT 30 35 50 55 62 66 71 77 83 95

0.750 19.1 STD 26 30 55 60 67 73 78 84 91 104

ALT 32 38 55 60 67 73 78 84 91 104

0.812 20.6 STD 28 33 59 64 73 78 84 91 98 112

ALT 35 41 59 64 73 78 84 91 98 112

0.875 22.2 STD 30 35 63 69 78 84 90 98 106 121

ALT 38 44 63 69 78 84 90 98 106 121

0.938 23.8 STD 32 38 68 74 84 90 97 105 113 129

ALT 40 47 68 74 84 90 97 105 113 129

1.000 25.4 STD 34 40 72 79 90 96 103 112 121 138

ALT 43 50 72 79 90 96 103 112 121 138

1.062 27.0 STD 37 43 77 84 95 103 110 119 128 147

ALT 46 53 77 84 95 103 110 119 128 147

1.125 28.6 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

ALT 49 57 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

1.188 30.2 STD 41 48 86 94 107 115 123 133 144 164

ALT 51 60 86 94 107 115 123 133 144 164


348



72 1.250 31.8 STD 43 50 91 99 112 121 130 140 151 173

1829.0 ALT 54 63 91 99 112 121 130 140 151 173

76 0.500 12.7 STD 16 19 34 38 43 46 49 53 57 65

1930.0 ALT 20 24 34 38 43 46 49 53 57 65

0.562 14.3 STD 18 21 39 42 48 51 55 60 64 74

ALT 23 27 39 42 48 51 55 60 64 74

0.625 15.9 STD 20 24 43 47 53 57 61 66 72 82

ALT 26 30 43 47 53 57 61 66 72 82

0.688 17.5 STD 23 26 47 52 59 63 68 73 79 90

ALT 28 33 47 52 59 63 68 73 79 90

0.750 19.1 STD 25 29 52 56 64 69 74 80 86 98

ALT 31 36 52 56 64 69 74 80 86 98

0.812 20.6 STD 27 31 56 61 69 74 80 86 93 106

ALT 33 39 56 61 69 74 80 86 93 106

0.875 22.2 STD 29 33 60 66 74 80 86 93 100 114

ALT 36 42 60 66 74 80 86 93 100 114

0.938 23.8 STD 31 36 64 70 80 86 92 99 107 123

ALT 38 45 64 70 80 86 92 99 107 123

1.000 25.4 STD 33 38 69 75 85 91 98 106 114 131

ALT 41 48 69 75 85 91 98 106 114 131

1.062 27.0 STD 35 40 73 80 90 97 104 113 122 139

ALT 43 51 73 80 90 97 104 113 122 139

1.125 28.6 STD 37 43 77 85 96 103 110 119 129 147

ALT 46 54 77 85 96 103 110 119 129 147

1.188 30.2 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

ALT 49 57 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

1.250 31.8 STD 41 48 86 94 106 114 123 133 143 164

ALT 51 60 86 94 106 114 123 133 143 164

80 0.562 14.3 STD 17 20 37 40 45 49 52 57 61 70

2032.0 ALT 22 25 37 40 45 49 52 57 61 70

0.625 15.9 STD 19 23 41 45 51 54 58 63 68 78

ALT 24 28 41 45 51 54 58 63 68 78

0.688 17.5 STD 21 25 45 49 56 60 64 69 75 86

ALT 27 31 45 49 56 60 64 69 75 86

0.750 19.1 STD 23 27 49 54 61 65 70 76 82 93

ALT 29 34 49 54 61 65 70 76 82 93

0.812 20.6 STD 25 29 53 58 66 70 76 82 88 101

ALT 31 37 53 58 66 70 76 82 88 101

0.875 22.2 STD 27 32 57 62 71 76 81 88 95 109

ALT 34 39 57 62 71 76 81 88 95 109

0.938 23.8 STD 29 34 61 67 76 81 87 94 102 116

ALT 36 42 61 67 76 81 87 94 102 116


API 5LTables

349



80 1.000 25.4 STD 31 36 65 71 81 87 93 101 109 124

2032.0 ALT 39 45 65 71 81 87 93 101 109 124

1.062 27.0 STD 33 38 69 76 86 92 99 107 116 132

ALT 41 48 69 76 86 92 99 107 116 132

1.125 28.6 STD 35 41 73 80 91 98 105 113 122 140

ALT 44 51 73 80 91 98 105 113 122 140

1.188 30.2 STD 37 43 78 85 96 103 111 120 129 148

ALT 46 54 78 85 96 103 111 120 129 148

1.250 31.8 STD 39 45 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155

ALT 49 57 82 89 101 109 117 126 136 155


350

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Pressure/Temperature RatingsIndex

353

Pressure/Temperature RatingsDruck-TemperaturwerteGammes de Pressions/TémperaturesPressione/Temperature di ServizioPresiones/Temperaturas

Formulae and DesignFormeln und PlanungFormules et ConceptionFormulario e DisegnoLas Fórmulas y el Dibujo ...................................................... 354ASME B31.1 ........................................................................ 356ASME B31.3 ........................................................................ 360BS 3799 .............................................................................. 364ASME B16.5, B16.47 .......................................................... 366

For valves see page 295.

Note: this data is for general use only. The codes should be consulted when specifying material to ensure that all parameters andnotes are included in calculations. This data is useful for rough calculations and initial draft design.

Pressure/Temperature RatingsFormulae

354

Values of Ej

B31.1 B31.3

Butt weld (straight ends) 0.60 0.60

E R W 0.85 0.85

Electric or gas fusion: single butt with filler 0.80 0.80

without filler 0.85 0.80

with or without filler, with spot X-Ray 0.90

with or without filler, with 100% X-Ray 1.00 1.00

double butt with or without filler 0.90 0.85

with or without filler, with spot X-Ray 0.90

with or without filler, with 100% X-Ray 1.00 1.00

SAW or GMAW to API 5L 0.90 0.95

with 100% X-Ray 1.00

FormulaeThe following pages contain stress values at temperature for thevarious materials in this catalogue, in accordance with ASME B31.1 and B.31.3, B16.5 and B16.47 and BS 3799. For valves see section 9.

These tables can be used as a ready reference, however the codeshould be checked for exceptions and special conditions whendesigning a system.

Allowable Stresses

The allowable stress for a material is taken from the tables.In all cases the temperature is taken to be the metal temperature.

A TensionIn some cases a quality factor E must be applied to the values of S in the tables giving a usable value SE.

E = Ec x Ej x EsEc = Casting quality factor

(not applicable to materials listed overleaf)Ej = Weld quality factor (see table below)Es = Structural quality factor = 0.92

Weld Quality Factor Ej applies equally to straight seam or spiralweld.

B Shear and BearingAllowable stresses in shear shall not exceed 80% of the values in tension.Allowable stresses in bearing shall not exceed 160% of the values in tension.

C CompressionAllowable stresses in compression shall not exceed the values in tension.

Pressure/Temperature RatingsFormulae

355

Values of y for Do/ tm � 6 (B31.1) and t < D/6 (B31.3)

˚F �900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 �1250

˚C �482 510 538 566 593 621 649 �672

Ferritic steel 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Austenitic steel 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7

Nickel Alloys UNS1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7

08800, 08810, 08825

Other ductile metals2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

1 B31.1 2 B31.3

Values of y (B31.1) for Do/ tm > 6 for ferritic and austenitic steel designed for use �900 ˚F (480 ˚C),

Values of y (B31.3) for t � D/6 ,

PD0

2 (SE + Py)tm = + A

Pd + 2SEA + 2yPA

2 (SE + Py – P)tm =

ASME B31.1 ASME B31.3 for t < D/6

ASME B31.3 for t � D/6 or P/SE > 0.385Calculation of pressure design thickness for straight pipe requires special consideration of factors such as theory of failure,effects of fatigue, and thermal stress.

tm = minimum required thickness A = sum of threading, mechanical, corrosion and errosion allowancest = pressure design thickness (see formulae) c = sum of mechanical, corrosion and erosion allowancesP = internal design gage pressure d = pipe inside diameterD = pipe outside diameter SE = allowable stressDo = pipe outside diameter y = coefficient: see table

2. Straight pipe under external pressure: As UG-28, -29, & -30 of ASME VIII Div. I3. Pipe fittings ASME B 16.9: As for straight seamless pipe4. Pipe fittings ASME B 16.11: As for straight seamless pipe, with ASME B36.10 wall thickness for the size

and applicable schedule of pipe reduced by tolerances and otherallowances (eg threading allowance). See also BS3799 in following pages.

5. Pipe flanges ASME B 16.5; 16.47: Listed in following pages6. Valves: See section on valves in this catalogue.

Pressure Design of Piping Components1. Straight pipe under internal pressure

In all cases the minimum thickness T for the pipe selected, considering any negative tolerance in the product specification, shall benot less than tm or t.

The required thickness is calculated from the formula.

t =P (d + 2c)

2 (SE + Py – P)t =

PD

2 (SE + Py)

y =(d + 2c)

(d + Do)

y =(d + 2c)

(d + D + 2c)

Pressure/Temperature RatingsASME B31.1

356

Allowable Stresses in TensionASME B31.1 Values in ksi

Temp °F -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600

Temp °C -28.9 to 37.8 93 149 204 260 316

Specification (ASTM) Grade Min. Tensile Min.Yield

A53 · A106 · A234 · API 5L B, WCB 60 35 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

A179 47 26 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8

A214 (weld factor.85) 47 26 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

A105 70 36 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

A106 · A234 C, WPC 70 40 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

A333 1 55 30 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8

3 65 35 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3

6 60 35 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

A350 LF2 70 36 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

A182 · A213 · A234 · A335 · A691 P1, T1, WP1 55 30 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8

CM65 65 37 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3

F1 70 40 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

T5, P5, 5CR 60 30 15.0 15.0 14.5 14.4 14.4 14.1

WP5 60 30 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.1

F5 70 40 17.5 17.5 17.0 16.8 16.8 16.5

T9, P9 60 30 15.0 15.0 14.5 14.4 14.4 14.2

F9 85 55 21.3 21.2 20.6 20.4 20.4 20.1

P11, T11, WP11 60 30 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

11/4 CR 60 35 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

F11 cl2 70 40 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

P12, T12 60 32 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

WP12 cl1 60 30 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

1CR 55 33 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8

F12 cl2 70 40 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

P22, T22, 21/4 CR WP22 60 30 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

F22 cl3 75 45 18.8 18.8 18.3 18.0 17.9 17.8

T91, P91, F91, WP91, 91 85 60 21.3 21.3 21.2 21.2 21.1 20.8

A671 · A672 CC60, B60 60 32 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

CC65, CB65, B65 65 35 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3

CC70, CB70, B70 70 38 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

These tables are for guidance only. Consult the standard when designing a system.Note: No allowance is made in these tables for weld factors. See previous page.1 Applies over 1000 °F only if carbon content is 0.04% or higher.


357

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500

343 371 399 427 454 482 510 538 566 593 621 649 677 704 732 760 788 816

15.0 14.4 13.0 10.8

11.8 11.5 10.6 9.2

9.9 9.8 9.1 7.6

17.5 16.6 14.8 12.0

17.5 16.6 14.8 12.0

13.8

16.3

15.0 14.4

17.5

13.8 13.8 13.8 13.5 13.1

16.3 16.3 16.3 15.8 15.3

17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.1

13.9 13.7 13.2 12.8 12.1 10.9 8.0 5.8 4.2 2.9 1.8 1.0

13.9 13.7 13.2 12.8 12.1 10.9 8.0 5.8 4.2 2.9 1.8 1.0

16.3 16.0 15.4 14.9 14.1 10.8 8.0 5.8 4.2 2.9 1.8 1.0

13.9 13.7 13.2 12.3 12.1 11.4 10.6 7.4 5.0 3.3 2.2 1.5

19.7 19.4 18.7 18.1 17.1 16.2 11.0 7.4 5.0 3.3 2.2 1.5

15.0 15.0 14.8 14.4 14.0 13.6 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8

15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.6 13.7 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8

17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.1 13.7 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8

15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.6 14.0 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8

15.0 15.0 14.8 14.4 14.0 13.6 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8

13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.4 12.9 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8

17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.0 16.4 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8

15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.4 13.6 10.8 8.0 5.7 3.8

17.7 17.5 17.2 16.9 16.4 15.8 11.4 7.8 5.1 3.2

20.5 20.0 19.4 18.7 17.8 16.7 15.5 14.3 12.9 10.3 7.0 4.3

15.0 14.4 13.0 10.8

16.3 15.5 13.9 11.4

17.5 16.6 14.8 12.0

Conversion: 1ksi = 6.89 N/mm2


358


Temp °F -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600

Temp °C -28.9 to 37.8 93 149 204 260 316

Specification (ASTM) Grade Min. Tensile Min.Yield

A182 · A213 · A312 · A 403 3041 75 30 18.8 15.7 14.1 13.0 12.2 11.4

304H 75 30 18.8 15.7 14.1 13.0 12.2 11.4

304L 70 25 15.7 13.4 12.0 11.0 10.3 9.7

3161 75 30 18.8 16.2 14.6 13.4 12.5 11.8

316H 75 30 18.8 16.2 14.6 13.4 12.5 11.8

316L 70 25 15.7 13.3 11.9 10.8 10.0 9.4

3211 75 30 18.8 15.9 14.2 12.9 12.0 11.4

321H 75 30 18.8 15.9 14.2 12.9 12.0 11.4

3471 75 30 18.8 17.3 16.1 15.0 14.1 13.4

347H 75 30 18.8 17.3 16.1 15.0 14.1 13.4

A358 as A312 with allowance for appropriate weld factor

A193 B5 � 4” 100 80 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

B6 � 4” 110 85 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2

B7 � 2 1/2” 125 105 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

B7 > 2 1/2” � 4” 115 95 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0

B7 > 4” � 7” 100 75 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8

B7M � 4” 100 80 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

B8 Cl11 75 30 18.8 15.6 14.0 12.9 12.1 11.4

B8C Cl11 75 30 18.8 17.2 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.4

B8M Cl11 75 30 18.8 16.1 14.6 13.3 12.5 11.8

B8T CL11 75 30 18.8 15.9 14.1 12.9 12.0 11.3

B8,B8C,B8T cl2 �3/4” 125 100 25.0

B8,B8C,B8T cl2>3/4” � 1” 115 80 20.0

B8,B8C,B8T cl2> 1” � 11/4” 105 65 16.2

B8,B8C,B8Tcl2>1 1/4”� 1 1/2” 100 50 12.5

B8M cl2 � 3/4” 110 80 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

B8M cl2> 3/4” � 1” 100 80 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

B8M cl2> 1” � 11/4” 95 75 18.8 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2

B8M cl2>1 1/4”� 1 1/2” 90 65 18.8 16.1 14.6 13.3 12.5 12.5

B16 � 2 1/2” 125 105 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

B16 > 2 1/2” � 4” 110 95 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

B16 > 4” � 7” 100 85 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

A320 L7 125 105 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

L7M 100 80 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

These tables are for guidance only. Consult the standard when designing a system.Note: No allowance is made in these tables for weld factors. See previous page.1 Applies over 1000 °F only if carbon content is 0.04% or higher.


359

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500

343 371 399 427 454 482 510 538 566 593 621 649 677 704 732 760 788 816

11.3 11.1 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.0 9.8 9.5 8.9 7.7 6.1

11.3 11.1 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.0 9.8 9.5 8.9 7.7 6.1 4.7 3.7 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.4

9.5 9.4 9.2 9.1

11.6 11.3 11.2 11.0 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.3 9.3 7.4

11.6 11.3 11.2 11.0 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.3 9.3 7.4 5.5 4.1 3.1 2.3 1.7 1.3

9.2 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.4

11.2 11.0 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.4 9.2 6.9 5.0 3.6

11.2 11.0 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.5 10.1 8.8 6.9 5.4 4.1 3.2 2.5 1.9 1.5 1.1

13.2 12.9 12.8 12.7 12.7 12.6 12.6 12.5 11.9 9.1 6.1 4.4

13.2 12.8 12.8 12.7 12.7 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.5 12.1 10.5 7.9 5.9 4.4 3.2 2.5 1.8 1.3

20.0 20.0 20.0 18.5 14.5 10.4 7.6 5.6 4.2 3.1 2.0 1.3

21.2 21.2 21.2 19.5 15.6 12.0

25.0 25.0 23.5 21.0 17.0 12.5 8.5 4.5

23.0 23.0 22.2 20.0 16.3 12.5 8.5 4.5

18.8 18.8 18.8 18.0 16.3 12.5 8.5 4.5

20.0 20.0 20.0 18.5 16.2 12.5 8.5 4.5

11.2 11.0 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.9 9.7 9.5 8.8 7.7 6.0

13.1 12.9 12.8 12.7 12.6 12.6 12.5 12.5 11.9 9.1 6.1 4.4

11.5 11.3 11.1 11.0 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.3 9.3 7.4

11.1 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.5 10.4 9.2 6.9 5.0 3.6

22.0 22.0 22.0

20.0 20.0 20.0

16.2 16.2 16.2

12.5 12.5 12.5

25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 23.5 20.5 16.0 11.0 6.3 2.8

22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 18.5 15.3 11.0 6.3 2.8

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.8 16.7 14.3 11.0 6.3 2.8

25.0 25.0

20.0 20.0 20.0 18.5 16.2 12.5 8.5 4.5

Conversion: 1ksi = 6.89 N/mm2


360


Temperature °F: 100 200 300 400 500 600

Temperature °C: 37.8 93 149 204 260 316

Specification (ASTM) Grade min Tens. min Yield min T °C1 min T °F1

A53 · A106 · A234 · API 5L B, WCB 60.0 35.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.9 17.3

A105 70.0 36.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 21.9 21.3 20.6 19.4 17.8

A179 47.0 26.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 15.7 15.0 14.2 13.5 12.8 12.1

A106 · A234 C, WPC 70.0 40.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 23.3 23.3 22.9 21.6 19.7

A333 1 55.0 30.0 –45.6˚ –50˚ 18.3 18.3 17.7 17.2 16.2 14.8

3 65.0 35.0 –101˚ –150˚ 21.7 19.6 19.6 18.7 17.8 16.8

6 60.0 35.0 –45.6˚ –50˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.9 17.3

A350 LF1 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.3 17.7 17.2 16.2 14.8

LF2 70.0 36.0 –45.6˚ –50˚ 23.3 21.9 21.3 20.6 19.4 17.8

LF3 70.0 37.5 –101˚ –150˚ 23.3

A182 · A234 · A335 · A691 P1, WP1 55.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 18.3 18.3 17.5 16.9 16.3 15.7

CM65 65.0 37.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 21.7 21.7 21.7 20.7 20.0 19.3

F1 70.0 40.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 23.3 23.3 22.5 21.7 20.9

P5, WP5 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.1 17.4 17.2 17.1 16.8

5CR 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.1 17.4 17.2 17.1 16.8

F5 70.0 40.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 23.3 22.6 22.4 22.4 22.0

P9, WP9, 9CR 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.1 17.4 17.2 17.1 16.8

F9 85.0 55.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 28.3 28.3 27.5 27.2 27.1 26.8

P11 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.7 18.0 17.5 17.2 16.7

1 1/4 CR 60.0 35.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.7 18.9 18.3

WP11 cl1, F11 cl1 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.7 18.0 17.5 17.2 16.7

WP12 cl1,F12 cl1 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.7 18.0 17.5 17.2 16.7

WP11 cl2, F11 cl2 70.0 40.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 23.3 23.3 22.5 21.7 20.9

WP12 cl2,F12 cl2 70.0 40.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 23.3 23.3 22.5 21.7 20.9

P12 60.0 32.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.7 18.0 17.5 17.2 16.7

1CR 55.0 33.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 17.9 17.3

P22, 2.1/4CR 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.5 18.0 17.9 17.9 17.9

WP22 cl1, F22 cl1 60.0 30.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 18.5 18.0 17.9 17.9 17.9

WP22 cl3, F22 cl3 75.0 45.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 25.0 25.0 24.5 24.1 23.9 23.8

P91, WP91, F91 85.0 55.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 28.3 28.3 27.5 27.2 27.1 26.8

A420 WPL3 65.0 35.0 –101˚ –150˚ 21.7

WPL6 60.0 35.0 –45.6˚ –50˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.9 17.3

A671 CC60 60.0 32.0 –46˚ –50˚ 20.0 19.5 18.9 18.3 17.3 15.8

A671 CC65 65.0 35.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 21.7 21.3 20.7 20.0 18.9 17.3

A671 · A6722 C65, CB65, B65 65.0 35.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 21.7 21.3 20.7 20.0 18.9 17.3

A671 CF66 65.0 35.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 21.7

A671 · A6722 C70, CB70, B70 70.0 38.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 23.1 22.5 21.7 20.5 18.7

These tables are for guidance only. Consult the standard when designing a system. Figures in parenthesis ( ) mean restrictions apply.No allowance is made in these tables for weld factors. See previous pages.1 Minimum temperature increases with wall thickness for some grades.2 B65 and B70 minimum temperature -10 °C, 14 °F.


361

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500

343 371 399 427 454 482 510 538 566 593 621 649 677 704 732 760 788 816

17.0 16.5 13.0 10.8 (8.7) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5) (1.6) (1.0)

17.4 17.3 14.8 12.0 (9.3) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5) (1.6) (1.0)

11.8 11.5 10.6 9.2 (7.9) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5) (1.6) (1.0)

19.4 19.2 14.8 12.0

14.5 14.4 12.0 10.2 (8.3) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5) (1.6) (1.0)

16.3 15.5 13.9 11.4 9.0 6.5 4.5 2.5 1.6 1.0

17.0 16.5 13.0 10.8 (8.7) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5) (1.6) (1.0)

14.5 14.4 13.0 10.8 (7.8) (5.0) (3.0) (1.5)

17.4 17.3 14.8 12.0 (7.8) (5.0) (3.0) (1.5)

15.4 15.1 13.8 13.5 13.2 (12.7) (8.2) (4.8) (4.0) (2.4)

19.0 18.6 16.3 15.8 15.3 (13.7) (8.2) (4.8) (4.0) (2.4)

20.5 20.1 17.5 17.5 17.1 13.7 8.2 4.8 4.0 2.4

16.6 16.3 13.2 12.8 12.1 10.9 8.0 5.8 4.2 2.9 1.8 1.0

16.6 16.3 13.2 12.8 12.1 10.9 8.0 5.8 4.2 2.8 2.0 1.3

21.7 21.3 15.4 14.8 14.1 10.9 8.0 5.8 4.2 2.9 1.8 1.0

16.6 16.3 13.2 12.8 12.1 11.4 10.6 7.4 5.0 3.3 2.2 1.5

26.3 25.8 18.7 18.1 17.1 16.2 11.0 7.4 5.0 3.3 2.2 1.5

16.2 15.6 15.2 15.0 14.5 12.8 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8 1.9 1.2

18.0 17.6 17.3 16.8 16.3 15.0 9.9 6.3 4.2 2.8 1.9 1.2

16.2 15.6 15.2 15.0 14.5 12.8 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8 1.9 1.2

16.2 15.6 15.2 15.0 14.5 12.8 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8 1.8 1.1

20.5 20.1 19.1 19.2 18.7 13.7 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8 1.9 1.2

20.5 20.1 19.7 19.2 18.7 18.0 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8 1.8 1.1

16.2 15.6 15.2 15.0 14.5 12.8 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8 1.8 1.1

16.9 16.6 16.3 15.9 15.4 14.0 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8 1.8 1.1

17.9 17.9 17.9 17.8 14.5 12.8 10.8 7.8 5.1 3.2 2.0 1.6

17.9 17.9 17.9 17.8 14.5 12.8 10.8 7.8 5.1 3.2 2.0 1.2

23.6 23.4 23.0 22.5 21.8 17.0 11.4 7.8 5.1 3.2 2.0 1.2

26.3 25.8 18.7 18.1 17.1 16.2 11.0 7.4 5.0 3.3 2.2 1.5

17.0 16.8 13.0 10.8 (7.8) (5.0) (3.0) (1.5)

15.5 15.4 13.0 10.8 8.7 6.5 4.5 2.5

17.0 16.8 13.9 11.4 (9.0) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5)

17.0 16.8 13.9 11.4 (9.0) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5) (1.6) (1.0)

18.4 18.3 14.8 12.0 (9.3) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5) (1.6) (1.0)

Conversion: 1ksi = 6.89N/mm2

3 applies to A320 L7 only.


362


Temperature °F: 100 200 300 400 500 600

Temperature °C: 37.8 93 149 204 260 316

Specification (ASTM) Grade min Tens. min Yield min T °C1 min T °F1

A671 CC70 70.0 38.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 23.3 23.1 22.5 21.7 20.5 18.7

API 5L X42 60.0 42.0 –10˚ 14˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

API 5L X52 66.0 52.0 –10˚ 14˚ 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

A193 alloy B5 � 4” 100.0 80.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

B7 � 2 1/2” 125.0 105.0 –45.6˚ –50˚ 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

B7 > 2 1/2”� 4” 115.0 95.0 –40˚ –40˚ 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0

B7M � 4” 100.0 80.0 –45.6˚ –50˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

B16 � 2 1/2” 125.0 105.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

B16 > 2 1/2”� 4 110.0 95.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

A193 · A320 stainless B6 � 4” 110.0 85.0 –28.9˚ –20˚ 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2

B8 Cl1 75.0 30.0 –254˚ –425˚ 18.8 16.7 15.0 13.8 12.9 12.1

B8C Cl1 75.0 30.0 –254˚ –425˚ 18.8 17.9 16.4 15.5 15.0 14.3

B8M Cl1 75.0 30.0 –198˚ –325˚ 18.8 17.7 15.6 14.3 13.3 12.6

B8T Cl1 75.0 30.0 –198˚ –325˚ 18.8 17.8 16.5 15.3 14.3 13.5

B8 Cl2 � 3/4” 125.0 100.0 –198˚ –325˚ 25.0 17.2 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.4

B8 C Cl2 � 3/4” 125.0 100.0 –198˚ –325˚ 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

B8M Cl2 � 3/4” 110.0 95.0 –198˚ –325˚ 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

B8T Cl2 � 3/4” 125.0 100.0 –198˚ –325˚ 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

B8 Cl2 > 3/4” � 1” 115.0 80.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

B8 C Cl 2 > 3/4” � 1” 115.0 80.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 17.2 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.4

B8M Cl 2 > 3/4” � 1” 100.0 80.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

B8T Cl2 > 3/4” � 1” 115.0 80.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

A320 alloy � 2 1/2” L7,L7A,B,C 125.0 105.0 –101˚ –150˚ 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

L7M 100.0 80.0 –73.3˚ –100˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

A312 · A182 · A403 304 75.0 30.0 –254˚ –425˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.7 17.5 16.4

304H 75.0 30.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.7 17.5 16.4

304L 70.0 25.0 –254˚ –425˚ 16.7 16.7 16.7 15.8 14.8 14.0

316 75.0 30.0 –254˚ –425˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.9 17.0

316H 75.0 30.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.9 17.0

316L 70.0 25.0 –198˚ –325˚ 16.7 16.7 16.7 15.5 14.4 13.5

321 smls > 3/8”t 75.0 25.0 –198˚ –325˚ 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.1 15.2

321 smls � 3/8”t+wld 75.0 30.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.3 18.3

321H smls > 3/8”t 75.0 25.0 –198˚ –325˚ 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.1 15.2

321H smls � 3/8”t+wld 75.0 30.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.3 18.3

347 75.0 30.0 –254˚ –425˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.9 19.3

347H 75.0 30.0 –198˚ –325˚ 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.9 19.3

A358 as A312 with allowance for appropriate weld factor

These tables are for guidance only. Consult the standard when designing a system. Figures in parenthesis ( ) mean restrictions apply.No allowance is made in these tables for weld factors. See previous pages.1 Minimum temperature increases with wall thickness for some grades.2 B65 and B70 minimum temperature -10 °C, 14 °F.


363

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500

343 371 399 427 454 482 510 538 566 593 621 649 677 704 732 760 788 816

18.4 18.3 14.8 12.0 (9.3) (6.5) (4.5) (2.5)

22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 18.5 15.3 11.0 6.3 2.8

25.0 25.0 23.6 21.0 17.0 12.5 8.5 4.5

23.0 23.0 22.2 20.0 16.3 12.5 8.5 4.5

20.0 20.0 20.0 18.5 16.2 12.5 8.5 4.5

25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 23.5 20.5 16.0 11.0 6.3 2.8

22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 18.5 15.3 11.0 6.3 2.8

21.2 21.2 (21.2) (19.6) (15.6) (12.0)

12.0 11.8 11.5 11.2 11.0 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.1 9.8 7.7 6.0 4.7 Z.7 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.4

14.1 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.5 13.4 13.4 12.1 9.1 6.1 4.4 3.3 2.7 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.7

12.3 12.1 11.9 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.0 9.8 7.4 5.4 4.1 3.0 2.2 1.7 1.2

13.3 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.4 12.3 12.1 12.1 9.6 6.9 5.0 3.6 2.5 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.3

13.1 11.0 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.9 9.7

25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6

25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

13.1 12.9 12.8 12.7 12.6 12.6 12.5 12.5

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

25.0 25.03

20.0 20.0 20.0 18.5 16.2 12.5 8.5 4.5

16.2 16.0 15.6 15.2 14.9 14.6 14.4 13.8 (12.2) (9.7) (7.7) (6.0) (4.7) (3.7) (2.9) (2.3) (1.8) (1.4)

16.2 16.0 15.6 15.2 14.9 14.6 14.4 13.8 12.2 (9.7) (7.7) (6.0) (4.7) (3.7) (2.9) (2.3) (1.8) (1.4)

13.7 13.5 13.3 13.0 12.8 11.9 9.9 7.8 6.3 5.1 4.0 3.2 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.9

16.7 16.3 16.1 15.9 15.7 15.5 15.4 15.3 (14.5) (12.4) (9.8) (7.4) (5.5) (4.1) (3.1) (2.3) (1.7) (1.3)

16.7 16.3 16.1 15.9 15.7 15.5 15.4 15.3 14.5 12.4 9.8 7.4 5.5 4.1 3.1 2.3 1.7 1.3

13.2 12.9 12.6 12.4 12.1 11.8 11.5 11.2 10.8 10.2 8.8 6.4 4.7 3.5 2.5 1.8 1.3 1.0

14.9 14.6 14.3 14.1 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.5 (9.6) (6.9) (5.0) (3.6) (2.6) (1.7) (1.1) (0.8) (0.5) (0.3)

17.9 17.5 17.2 16.9 16.7 16.6 16.4 16.2 (9.6) (6.9) (5.0) (3.6) (2.6) (1.7) (1.1) (0.8) (0.5) (0.3)

14.9 14.6 14.3 14.1 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.5 (11.7) (9.1) (6.9) (5.4) (4.1) (3.2) (2.5) (1.9) (1.5) (1.1)

17.9 17.5 17.2 16.9 16.7 16.6 16.4 16.2 (11.7) (9.1) (6.9) (5.4) (4.1) (3.2) (2.5) (1.9) (1.5) (1.1)

19.0 18.6 18.5 18.4 18.2 18.1 18.1 18.0 (12.1) (9.1) (6.1) (4.4) (3.3) (2.2) (1.5) (1.2) (0.9) (0.8)

19.0 18.6 18.5 18.3 18.2 18.1 18.1 18.0 17.1 14.2 10.5 7.9 5.9 4.4 3.2 2.5 1.8 1.3

Conversion: 1ksi = 6.89N/mm2

3 applies to A320 L7 only.

Pressure/Temperature RatingsBS 3799 Screwed and Socket Weld Fittings

364

BS 3799 Screwed and Socket Weld FittingsTemp °C -100/ -50/ -30/ 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325

-50 -30 +40

Material lb Pressure in bar

A105 3000 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A350 LF1 · A350 LF2 3000 207 207 207 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 414 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F1 · WP1 3000 207 207 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F11 ·WP11 3000 207 207 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F22 · WP22 3000 207 207 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F5 · WP5 3000 207 207 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A350 LF3 · WPL3 3000 207 207 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F304 · WP304 3000 177 177 177 172 165 155 148 142 136 130 125 120 116 112 108

6000 354 354 354 345 330 311 297 284 272 260 250 240 231 224 217

A182 F304H · WP304H 3000 177 172 165 155 148 142 136 130 125 120 115 112 108

6000 354 345 330 311 297 284 272 260 250 240 231 224 217

A182 F304L · WP304L 3000 147 147 147 147 146 142 133 123 114 105 99.5 94 90 87.5 85

6000 295 295 295 294 292 285 266 247 229 211 199 188 180 175 170

A182 F316 · WP316 3000 207 207 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F316H · WP316H 3000 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F316L · WP316L 3000 147 147 147 147 147 147 142 137 126 115 110 106 102 98.5 95

6000 295 295 295 295 295 294 284 274 252 230 220 212 204 197 190

A182 F321 · WP 321 3000 207 207 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F321H · WP321H 3000 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F347 · WP347 3000 207 207 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 414 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

A182 F347H · WP347H 3000 207 206 203 200 198 196 194 192 188 183 174 165 155

6000 414 411 406 401 396 392 388 384 377 366 349 331 311

Note: Solid plugs and bushings do not carry specific ratings and are intended for use with screwed fittings of all designations.

Pressure/Temperature RatingsBS 3799 Screwed and Socket Weld Fittings

365

350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800

Pressure in bar

145 134 122 106 89 70 51.5 33.6

290 268 244 212 178 140 103 67.2

145 134 122 106 89 70 51.5 33.6

290 268 244 212 178 140 103 67.2

146 137 127 118 109 99.5 90 79

292 274 254 236 218 199 180 158

146 137 128 120 111 103 94.5 86 67 49.2 35.8 22.8 11.4

292 275 257 241 223 206 189 172 134 98.4 71.7 45.6 22.8

146 137 128 120 111 103 94.5 86 68.5 51.5 38.8 28 19.4

292 275 257 241 223 206 189 172 137 103 77.6 56 38.8

146 137 128 120 111 103 94.5 86 63 44.8 30 20.8 14.4

292 275 257 241 223 206 189 172 126 89.6 60 41.7 28.8

145

290

105 101 98 95 92 89.5 88 87 85.5 80.5 69.5 55 43.8 32.9 25.2 19.3 15.1 11.7 8.7

210 203 196 190 184 179 176 174 171 161 139 110 87.7 65.8 50.5 38.7 30.2 23.5 17.5

105 101 98 95 92 89.5 88 87 85.5 80.5 69.5 55 43.8 32.9 25.2 19.3 15.1 11.7 8.7

210 203 196 190 184 179 176 174 171 161 139 110 87.7 65.8 50.5 38.7 30.2 23.5 17.5

82.5 80.5 78.5 76.5

165 161 157 153

147 141 135 129 123 117 111 105 99.5 94 89 79 66.5 53 41.3 29.8 22 17 12.5

294 282 270 258 246 234 223 211 199 188 178 158 133 106 82.7 59.6 44.1 34 25.1

147 141 135 129 123 117 111 105 99.5 94 89 79 66.5 53 41.3 29.8 22 17 12.5

294 282 270 258 246 234 223 211 199 188 178 158 133 106 82.7 59.6 44.1 34 25.1

92 89 86 83.5 81

184 178 172 167 162

147 141 135 129 123 117 111 105 99.5 94 88 71 48.7 33.8 23.3 16.6 12.8 10.2 8.2

294 282 270 258 246 234 223 211 199 188 176 142 97.4 67.6 46.6 33.2 25.7 20.5 16.4

147 141 135 129 123 117 111 105 99.5 94 88 71 48.7 33.8 23.3 16.6 12.8 10.2 8.2

294 282 270 258 246 234 223 211 199 188 176 142 97.4 67.6 46.6 33.2 25.7 20.5 16.4

147 141 135 129 123 117 111 105 99.5 94 88 71 48.7 33.8 23.3 16.6 12.8 10.2 8.2

294 282 270 258 246 234 223 211 199 188 176 142 97.4 67.6 46.6 33.2 25.7 20.5 16.4

147 141 135 129 123 117 111 105 99.5 94 88 71 48.7 33.8 23.3 16.6 12.8 10.2 8.2

294 282 270 258 246 234 223 211 199 188 176 142 97.4 67.6 46.6 33.2 25.7 20.5 16.4

Pressure/Temperature RatingsASME B16.5, B16.47 Flanges

366

Maximum allowable non-shock working pressureClass 150

Temp °C -29/38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375

Temp °F -20/100 120 220 300 390 480 570 620 660 700

Specification and Grade bar 1bar = 14.5038psig

A105 · A350 LF2, LF3 · A515, 516-70 19.6 19.2 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A515-65 · A516-65 18.4 18.2 17.4 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A350 LF1 · A515-60 · A516-60 16.3 16.0 14.9 14.4 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F1 18.4 18.4 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F5, F11 cl 2, F12 cl 2 19.8 19.5 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F22 cl 3 19.8 19.5 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F5a 20.0 19.5 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F9, F91 20.0 19.5 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F304, F304H 19.0 18.3 15.7 14.2 13.2 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F316, F316H 19.0 18.4 16.2 14.8 13.7 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F304L, F316L 15.9 15.3 13.3 12.0 11.2 10.5 10.0 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F321, F321H 19.0 18.6 17.0 15.7 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

A182 F347, F347H 19.0 18.7 17.4 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4

Class 300Temp °C -29/38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375

Temp °F -20/100 120 220 300 390 480 570 620 660 700


A105 · A350 LF2, LF3 · A515, 516-70 51.1 50.1 46.6 45.1 43.8 41.9 39.8 38.7 37.6 36.4

A515-65 · A516-65 48.0 47.5 45.3 43.9 42.5 40.8 38.7 37.6 36.4 35.0

A350 LF1 · A515-60 · A516-60 42.6 41.8 38.8 37.6 36.4 34.9 33.2 32.2 31.2 30.4

A182 F1 48.0 48.0 47.9 47.3 45.8 44.5 42.9 41.4 40.3 38.9

A182 F5, F12 cl 2 51.7 51.5 50.4 48.2 46.3 44.8 42.9 41.4 40.3 38.9

A182 F11 cl 2 51.7 51.7 51.5 49.7 48.0 46.3 42.9 41.4 40.3 38.9

A182 F22 cl 3 51.7 51.7 51.5 50.3 48.6 46.3 42.9 41.4 40.3 38.9

A182 F5a 51.7 51.7 51.5 50.3 48.6 46.3 42.9 41.4 40.3 38.9

A182 F9 51.7 51.7 51.5 50.3 48.6 46.3 42.9 41.4 40.3 38.9

A182 F91 51.7 51.7 51.5 50.3 48.6 46.3 42.9 41.4 40.3 38.9

A182 F304, F304H 49.6 47.8 40.9 37.0 34.5 32.5 30.9 30.2 29.6 29.0

A182 F316, F316H 49.6 48.1 42.2 38.5 35.7 33.4 31.6 30.9 30.3 29.9

A182 F304L, F316L 41.4 40.0 34.8 31.4 29.2 27.5 26.1 22.5 25.1 24.8

A182 F321, F321H 49.6 48.6 44.2 41.0 38.3 36.0 34.1 33.3 32.6 32.0

A182 F347, F347H 49.6 48.8 45.3 42.5 39.9 37.8 36.1 35.4 34.8 34.2

Temperature Limitations:A105 · A350 LF1, LF2 · 515-60, 65, 70 Not recommended for prolonged use above 425 °CA516-60, 65, 70 Not recommended for prolonged use above 425 °C, not to be used over 455 °CA182 F1 Not recommended for prolonged use above 465 °CA182 F11cl2, F12cl2, F22cl3 Not recommended for prolonged use above 590 °CA 182 304, 316 At temperatures over 538 °C use only when carbon content 0.04% or higherA182 F304L Not to be used over 425 °CA182 F321, 347 Not to be used over 538 °CA182 F12cl2, F11cl2 Normalised and Tempered material only

Note: ASME B16.47 1996, ratings are in psig which here are converted into bar.


367

Class 75400 425 450 475 500 538 Temp °C -28.9/37.8 93 149 204 260 316 343

750 800 840 890 930 1000 Temp °F -20/100 200 300 400 500 600 650

pounds per square inch gauge (psig) 1bar = 14.5038psig

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 140 130 115 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 130 125 115 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 115 105 105 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 130 130 115 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 145 130 115 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 145 130 115 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 145 130 115 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 145 130 115 100 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 135 115 100 90 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 135 120 105 95 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 115 95 85 80 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 135 115 105 95 85 70 60

6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 135 120 110 100 85 70 60

400 425 450 475 500 538 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 816

750 800 840 890 930 1000 1020 1070 1110 1160 1200 1250 1290 1340 1380 1430 1470 1500

bar 1bar = 14.5038psig

34.7 28.8 23.0 17.4 11.8 5.9

32.6 27.3 21.6 15.7 11.1 5.9

29.3 25.8 21.4 14.1 10.3 5.9

36.5 35.2 33.7 31.7 24.1 11.3

36.5 35.2 33.7 27.9 21.4 13.7 12.0 8.8 6.1 4.0 2.4

36.5 35.2 33.7 31.7 25.7 14.9 12.7 8.8 6.1 4.3 2.8

36.5 35.2 33.7 31.7 28.2 18.4 15.6 10.5 6.9 4.5 2.8

36.5 35.2 33.7 27.9 21.4 13.7 12.0 8.9 6.2 4.0 2.4

36.5 35.2 33.7 31.7 28.2 17.5 15.0 10.5 7.2 5.0 3.5

36.5 35.2 33.7 31.7 28.2 25.2 25.0 24.0 19.5 14.6 9.9

28.4 28.0 27.4 26.9 26.5 24.4 23.6 20.8 16.9 13.8 11.3 9.3 8.0 6.8 5.8 4.6 3.5 2.8

29.4 29.1 28.8 28.7 28.2 25.2 25.0 24.0 19.9 15.8 12.7 10.3 8.4 7.0 5.9 4.6 3.5 2.8

24.3 23.9 23.4

31.6 31.1 30.8 30.5 28.2 25.2 25.0 24.0 20.3 15.8 12.6 9.9 7.9 6.3 5.0 4.0 3.1 2.6

33.9 33.6 33.5 31.7 28.2 25.2 25.0 24.0 21.6 18.3 14.1 12.4 10.1 7.9 5.9 4.6 3.5 2.8


368


Temp °C -29/38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375

Temp °F -20/100 120 220 300 390 480 570 620 660 700


A105 · A350 LF2, LF3 · A515, 516-70 102.1 100.2 93.2 90.2 87.6 83.9 79.6 77.4 75.1 72.7

A515-65 · A516-65 96.0 94.9 90.7 87.9 85.1 81.6 77.4 75.2 72.6 69.9

A350 LF1 · A515-60 · A516-60 85.1 83.5 77.7 75.1 72.8 69.8 66.4 64.5 62.5 60.7

A182 F1 96.0 96.0 95.9 94.7 91.6 89.0 85.7 82.6 80.4 77.6

A182 F11 cl 2 103.4 103.4 103.0 99.5 95.9 92.7 85.7 82.6 80.4 77.6

A182 F5, F12 cl 2 103.4 103.0 100.9 96.4 92.5 89.6 85.7 82.6 80.4 77.6

A182 F22 cl 3 103.4 103.4 103.0 100.3 97.2 92.7 85.7 82.6 80.4 77.6

A182 F5a 103.4 103.4 103.0 100.3 97.2 92.7 85.7 82.6 80.4 77.6

A182 F9 103.4 103.4 103.0 100.3 97.2 92.7 85.7 82.6 80.4 77.6

A182 F91 103.4 103.4 103.0 100.3 97.2 92.7 85.7 82.6 80.4 77.6

A182 F304, F304H 99.3 95.6 81.7 74.0 69.0 65.0 61.8 60.4 59.3 58.1

A182 F316, F316H 99.3 96.2 84.4 77.0 71.3 66.8 63.2 61.8 60.7 59.8

A182 F304L, F316L 82.7 80.0 69.6 62.8 58.3 54.9 52.1 51.0 50.1 49.5

A182 F321, F321H 99.3 97.1 88.5 82.0 76.6 72.0 68.3 66.6 65.2 64.1

A182 F347, F347H 99.3 97.5 90.6 84.9 79.9 75.6 72.2 70.7 69.5 68.4

Class 900Temp °C -29/38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375

Temp °F -20/100 120 220 300 390 480 570 620 660 700


A105 · A350 LF2, LF3 · A515, 516-70 153.2 150.4 139.8 135.2 131.4 125.8 119.5 116.1 112.7 109.1

A515-65 · A516-65 144.1 142.4 136.0 131.8 127.6 122.3 116.1 112.7 109.2 104.9

A350 LF1 · A515-60 · A516-60 127.7 125.3 116.5 112.7 109.2 104.7 99.5 96.7 93.7 91.1

A182 F1 144.1 144.1 143.8 142.0 137.4 133.5 128.6 124.0 102.7 116.5

A182 F11 cl 2 155.1 155.1 154.4 149.2 143.9 139.0 128.6 124.0 120.7 116.5

A182 F5, F12 cl 2 155.1 154.5 151.3 144.5 138.8 134.5 128.6 124.0 120.7 116.5

A182 F22 cl 3 155.1 155.1 154.6 150.6 145.8 139.0 128.6 124.0 120.7 116.5

A182 F5a 155.1 155.1 154.6 150.6 145.8 139.0 128.6 124.0 120.7 116.5

A182 F9 155.1 155.1 154.6 150.6 145.8 139.0 128.6 124.0 120.7 116.5

A182 F91 155.1 155.1 154.6 150.6 145.8 139.0 128.6 124.0 120.7 116.5

A182 F304, F304H 148.9 143.5 122.6 111.0 103.4 97.5 92.7 90.7 88.9 87.1

A182 F316, F316H 148.9 144.3 126.6 115.5 107.0 100.1 94.9 92.7 91.0 89.6

A182 F304L, F316L 124.1 120.1 104.4 94.2 87.5 82.4 78.2 76.4 75.2 74.3

A182 F321, F321H 148.9 145.7 132.7 122.9 114.9 108.1 102.4 99.9 97.8 96.1

A182 F347, F347H 148.9 146.3 135.9 127.4 119.8 113.4 108.3 106.1 104.3 102.6




369

400 425 450 475 500 538 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 816

750 800 840 890 930 1000 1020 1070 1110 1160 1200 1250 1290 1340 1380 1430 1470 1500


69.4 57.5 46.0 34.9 23.5 11.8

65.2 54.6 43.2 31.3 22.1 11.8

58.7 51.5 42.7 28.2 20.6 11.8

73.3 70.0 67.7 63.4 48.1 22.7

73.3 70.0 67.7 63.4 51.5 29.8 25.4 17.6 12.2 8.5 5.7

73.3 70.0 67.7 57.5 42.8 27.4 24.1 17.6 12.1 8.0 4.7

73.3 70.0 67.7 63.4 56.5 36.9 31.3 21.1 13.8 8.9 5.7

73.3 70.0 67.7 55.7 42.8 27.4 24.1 17.8 12.5 8.0 4.7

73.3 70.0 67.7 63.4 56.5 35.0 30.0 20.9 14.4 9.9 7.1

73.3 70.0 67.7 63.4 56.5 50.0 49.8 47.9 39.0 29.2 19.9

56.9 56.0 54.8 53.9 53.0 48.9 47.1 41.7 33.8 27.6 22.5 18.7 16.1 13.5 11.6 9.0 7.0 5.9

58.9 58.3 57.7 57.3 56.5 50.0 49.8 47.9 39.8 31.6 25.3 20.6 16.8 14.0 11.7 9.0 7.0 5.9

48.6 47.7 46.8

63.2 62.3 61.7 61.1 56.5 50.0 49.8 47.9 40.5 31.6 25.3 19.8 15.8 12.7 10.0 8.0 6.3 5.2

67.8 67.2 66.9 63.4 56.5 50.0 49.8 47.9 42.9 36.6 28.1 25.2 20.0 15.4 11.7 9.0 7.0 5.9

400 425 450 475 500 538 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 816

750 800 840 890 930 1000 1020 1070 1110 1160 1200 1250 1290 1340 1380 1430 1470 1500


104.2 86.3 69.0 52.3 35.3 17.7

97.9 81.9 64.8 47.0 33.2 17.7

88.0 77.3 64.1 42.3 30.9 17.7

109.8 105.1 101.4 95.1 72.2 34.0

109.8 105.1 101.4 95.1 77.2 44.7 38.1 26.4 18.3 12.8 8.5

109.8 105.1 101.4 83.6 64.1 41.1 36.1 26.4 18.2 12.0 7.1

109.8 105.1 101.4 95.1 84.7 55.3 46.9 31.6 20.7 13.4 8.5

109.8 105.1 101.4 83.6 64.1 41.1 36.1 26.7 18.7 12.0 7.1

109.8 105.1 101.4 95.1 84.7 52.5 45.0 31.4 21.5 14.9 10.6

109.8 105.1 101.4 95.1 84.7 75.2 74.8 71.8 58.5 43.8 29.8

85.3 84.0 82.2 80.8 79.5 73.3 70.7 62.5 50.6 41.4 33.8 28.0 24.1 20.3 17.3 13.7 10.5 8.6

88.3 87.4 86.5 86.0 84.7 75.2 74.8 71.8 59.7 47.4 38.0 31.0 25.1 21.0 17.6 13.7 10.5 8.6

72.9 71.6 70.2

94.8 93.4 92.5 91.6 84.7 75.2 74.8 71.8 60.8 47.4 37.9 29.6 23.7 19.0 15.0 11.9 9.4 7.8

101.7 100.8 100.4 95.1 84.7 75.2 74.8 71.8 64.2 54.9 42.5 37.6 29.8 23.2 17.6 13.7 10.5 8.6


370


Temp °C -29/38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375

Temp °F -20/100 120 220 300 390 480 570 620 660 700


A105 · A350 LF2, LF3 · A515, 516-70 255.3 250.6 233.0 225.4 219.0 209.7 199.1 193.6 187.8 181.8

A515-65 · A516-65 240.1 237.3 226.7 219.7 212.7 203.9 193.4 187.9 182.0 174.9

A350 LF1 · A515-60 · A516-60 212.8 208.9 194.2 187.8 182.1 174.6 165.9 161.2 156.2 151.8

A182 F1 240.1 240.1 239.7 236.7 229.0 222.5 214.4 206.6 201.1 194.1

A182 F11 cl 2 258.6 258.6 257.7 248.7 239.8 231.8 214.4 206.6 201.1 194.1

A182 F5, F12 cl 2 258.6 257.5 252.2 240.9 231.3 224.1 214.4 206.6 201.1 194.1

A182 F22 cl 3 258.6 258.6 257.6 250.8 243.4 231.8 214.4 206.6 201.1 194.1

A182 F5a 258.6 258.6 257.6 250.8 243.4 231.8 214.4 206.6 201.1 194.1

A182 F9 258.6 258.6 257.6 250.8 243.4 231.8 214.4 206.6 201.1 194.1

A182 F91 258.6 258.6 257.6 250.8 243.4 231.8 214.4 206.6 201.1 194.1

A182 F304, F304H 248.2 239.1 204.3 185.0 172.0 162.4 154.6 151.1 148.1 145.2

A182 F316, F316H 248.2 240.6 211.0 192.5 178.3 166.9 158.1 154.4 151.6 149.4

A182 F304L, F316L 206.8 200.1 173.9 157.0 145.8 137.3 130.3 127.4 125.4 123.8

A182 F321, F321H 248.2 248.2 221.2 204.9 191.5 180.1 170.7 166.5 163.0 160.2

A182 F347, F347H 248.2 243.8 226.5 212.4 199.7 189.1 180.4 176.8 173.8 171.0

Class 2500Temp °C -29/38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375

Temp °F -20/100 120 220 300 390 480 570 620 660 700


A105 · A350 LF2, LF3 · A515, 516-70 425.5 417.7 388.3 375.6 365.0 349.5 331.8 322.6 313.0 303.1

A515-65 · A516-65 400.1 395.6 377.8 366.1 354.4 339.8 322.4 313.1 303.3 291.4

A350 LF1 · A515-60 · A516-60 354.6 348.1 323.6 313.0 303.4 291.0 276.5 268.6 260.4 253.0

A182 F1 400.1 400.1 399.5 394.5 381.7 370.9 357.1 344.3 335.3 323.2

A182 F11 cl 2 430.9 430.9 429.0 415.5 399.6 386.2 357.1 344.3 335.3 323.2

A182 F5, F12 cl 2 430.9 429.2 420.4 401.5 385.6 386.2 357.1 344.3 335.3 323.2

A182 F22 cl 3 430.9 430.9 429.4 418.2 405.4 373.5 357.1 344.3 335.3 323.2

A182 F5a 430.9 430.9 429.4 418.2 405.4 386.2 357.1 344.3 335.3 323.2

A182 F9 430.9 430.9 429.4 418.2 405.4 386.2 357.1 344.3 335.3 323.2

A182 F91 430.9 430.9 429.4 418.2 405.4 386.2 357.1 344.3 335.3 323.2

A182 F304, F304H 413.7 398.5 340.4 308.4 287.3 270.7 257.6 251.9 246.9 241.9

A182 F316, F316H 413.7 400.9 351.6 320.8 297.2 278.1 263.5 257.4 252.7 249.0

A182 F304L, F316L 344.7 333.5 289.9 261.6 243.0 228.9 217.2 212.3 208.9 206.3

A182 F321, F321H 413.7 404.6 368.7 341.5 319.1 300.2 384.6 277.6 271.7 266.9

A182 F347, F347H 413.7 406.4 377.4 353.9 332.8 315.1 300.7 294.6 289.6 285.1



ASME B16.5, B16.47 Flanges


371

400 425 450 475 500 538 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 816

750 800 840 890 930 1000 1020 1070 1110 1160 1200 1250 1290 1340 1380 1430 1470 1500


173.6 143.8 115.0 87.2 58.8 29.5

163.1 136.5 107.9 78.3 55.4 29.5

146.7 128.8 106.8 70.5 51.5 29.5

183.1 175.1 169.0 158.2 120.3 56.7

183.1 175.1 169.0 158.2 128.6 74.5 63.5 44.0 30.5 21.3 14.2

183.1 175.1 169.0 139.3 106.9 68.6 60.2 44.0 30.3 20.0 11.8

183.1 175.1 169.0 158.2 140.9 92.2 78.2 52.6 34.4 22.3 14.2

183.1 175.1 169.0 139.3 106.9 68.6 60.2 44.4 31.2 20.0 11.8

183.1 175.1 169.0 158.2 140.9 87.5 75.0 52.3 35.9 24.8 17.7

183.1 175.1 169.0 158.2 140.9 125.5 124.9 119.7 97.5 73.0 49.6

143.2 140.0 137.0 134.7 132.4 122.1 117.8 104.2 84.4 68.9 56.9 46.7 40.1 33.8 28.9 22.8 17.4 14.1

147.2 145.7 144.2 143.4 140.9 125.5 124.9 119.7 99.5 79.1 63.3 51.6 41.9 34.9 29.3 22.8 17.4 14.1

121.5 119.3 117.1

157.9 155.7 154.2 152.7 140.9 125.5 124.9 119.7 101.3 79.1 63.2 49.4 39.5 31.7 25.0 19.9 15.6 13.0

169.5 168.1 167.3 158.2 140.9 125.5 124.9 119.7 107.1 91.2 70.7 62.7 49.7 38.6 29.6 22.8 17.4 14.1

400 425 450 475 500 538 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 816

750 800 840 890 930 1000 1020 1070 1110 1160 1200 1250 1290 1340 1380 1430 1470 1500


289.3 239.7 191.7 145.3 97.9 49.2

271.9 227.5 179.9 130.6 92.3 49.2

244.5 214.7 178.0 117.4 85.9 48.2

304.9 291.6 281.8 263.9 200.5 94.6

304.9 291.6 281.8 263.9 214.4 124.1 105.9 73.4 50.9 35.5 23.6

304.9 291.6 281.8 232.1 178.2 114.3 100.4 73.4 50.4 33.3 19.7

304.9 291.6 281.8 263.9 235.0 153.7 130.3 87.7 57.4 37.2 23.6

304.9 291.6 281.8 232.1 178.2 114.3 100.4 74.0 51.9 33.3 19.7

304.9 291.6 281.8 263.9 235.0 145.8 125.0 87.1 59.8 41.4 29.5

304.9 291.6 281.8 263.9 235.0 208.9 208.0 199.5 163.5 121.7 82.7

237.0 233.3 228.4 224.5 220.7 203.6 196.3 173.7 140.7 114.9 93.8 77.9 66.9 56.3 48.1 38.0 29.2 23.8

245.3 242.9 240.4 238.9 235.0 208.9 208.0 199.5 162.5 131.8 105.5 86.0 69.8 58.2 48.9 38.0 29.2 23.8

202.5 198.8 195.1

263.2 259.5 256.9 254.4 235.0 208.9 208.0 199.5 168.9 131.8 105.4 82.3 65.9 52.8 41.7 32.2 26.1 21.7

282.6 280.1 278.8 263.9 235.0 208.9 208.0 199.5 178.5 152.0 117.7 104.5 83.0 64.4 49.1 38.0 29.2 23.8

ASME B16.5, B16.47 Flanges


372

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Tolerances and End FinishesIndex

375

Dimensional TolerancesPipesRohreTubesTubiTubo

FittingsFittingsRaccordsRaccordiAcessorios

FlangesFlanscheBridesFlangeBridas

End FinishesWelding End PreparationSchweißendenvorbereitungExtrémités à souderPreparazione delle estremità per saldaturaBiseles

ThreadsGewindeFiletagesFilettaturaRoscas

ASTM A53 · A106 · A252 ........................................ 376

A358 · A671 · A672 · A691 .......................... 376

A450 for A179 · A213 · A214 ........................ 377

A530 for A312 · A333 · A335 ........................ 378

API 5L · 2B · 2H .................................................... 379

DIN 1626 · 1629 · 2462 · 2463 · 17172 · 17175 .. 380

BS 4848 · 7191 .................................................. 383

ASME B16.9 · B16.11 .............................................. 384

ASME B16.5 · B16.47 .............................................. 385

API 5L ...................................................................... 386

ASME B16.25 ...................................................................... 386

DIN 2559 ...................................................................... 387

ASME B1.1 for ASTM A 193 · A 194..................................388

ASME B1.20.1 for pipe and fittings NPT..................................389

BS21 for BS pipe threads..........................................390

ISO 7/1 DIN pipe threads ............................................390

ASTM A53 For Dimensions and Weights see page 81.

Weight: ± 10 % per lift Can be per pipe over 4” NB

Diameter: 1 1/2” NB +/– 1/64” (0.40 mm)

and under

2” NB and over ± 1%

Thickness: –12.5% of nominal

Length: Less than XS single random 16–22ft

4.88–6.71m

5%max 12–16ft

3.66–4.88m

XS and heavier 12–22ft

3.66–6.71m

5%max 6–12ft

1.83–3.66m

All sizes when doubles are specified 6.7m min., minimum average 35ft (10.67m).


Weight +10%–3.5% 4’’ NB and smaller in lots

over 4’’ NB individually

Diameter NB over under

in mm in mm1/8 – 1 1/2 incl. 1/64 (0.015) 0.4 1/64 (0.015) 0.40

over 1 1/2 – 4 incl. 1/32 (0.031) 0.8 1/32 (0.031) 0.8

over 4 – 8 incl. 1/16 (0.062) 1.6 1/32 (0.031) 0.8

over 8 – 18 incl. 3/32 (0.093) 2.4 1/32 (0.031) 0.8

over 18 – 26 incl. 1/8 (0.125) 3.2 1/32 (0.031) 0.8

over 26 – 34 incl. 5/32 (0.156) 4.0 1/32 (0.031) 0.8

over 34 – 48 incl. 3/16 (0.187) 4.8 1/32 (0.031) 0.8

Note: pipe ≥ 10 NB ordered as special outside diameter pipe tolerance is ± 1% OD

Thickness –12.5% of nominal

Length As specified by customer for exacts

Single randoms 16 – 22ft (4.8 – 6.7m)

5% max 12 – 16ft (3.7 – 4.8m)

Double randoms minimum average 35ft (10.67m)

minimum 22ft (6.7m) 5% max 16– 22ft (4.8 – 6.7 m)

Tolerances and End FinishesDimensional TolerancesPipes · Fittings · FlangesAmerican, British, German Specifications

376


Weight + 15%–5% each pipe separately

Diameter ± 1%

Thickness – 12.5%

Length Single randoms 16–25ft (4.8–7.62m)

Double randoms minimum average 35ft (10.67m)

minimum 25ft (7.62m)

Exacts ± 1” (25.4mm)

ASTM A358, A671, A672, A691For Dimensions and Weights see page 81.

Diameter ± 0.5% based on circumference

Out of roundness 1% difference between major

and minor diameter

Alignment 10ft or 3 m straight edge : 1/8” (3mm)

Thickness – 0.01” (0.3mm)

Length unmachined ends: –0 + 1/2” (13mm)

machined ends: by agreement

length tolerance does not apply to A358

Tolerances and End FinishesDimensional TolerancesPipes · Fittings · Flanges


377


Weightcalculated from standard formula (see page 80)with t = minimum wall.

Variation in weight per ft (per m)

OD in (mm) %

HFS +16 –0

CDS 1 1/2 (38.1) and under +12 –0

CDS Over 1 1/2 (38.1) +13 –0

Welded +10 –0

Variations apply to lots of 50 tubes or more in 4” (101.6 mm) andunder and 20 tubes or more in larger sizes.

Diameter

OD over under

in mm in mm in mm

Hot finished seamless

4 101.6 and under 1/64 0.4 1/32 0.8

over 4–71/2 101.6-190.5 incl. 1/64 0.4 3/64 1.2

over 71/2–9 190.5-228.6 incl. 1/64 0.4 1/16 1.6

Welded tubes and cold drawn seamless under 1 25.4 0.004 0.1 0.004 0.1

1–11/2 incl. 25.4–38.1 incl. 0.006 0.15 0.006 0.15

over 11/2–2 excl. 38.1–50.8 excl. 0.008 0.2 0.008 0.2

2–21/2 excl. 50.8–63.5 excl. 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25

21/2–3 excl. 63.5–76.2 excl. 0.012 0.3 0.012 0.3

3–4 incl. 76.2–101.6 incl. 0.015 0.38 0.015 0.38

over 4–71/2 incl. 101.6–190.5 incl. 0.015 0.38 0.025 0.64

over 71/2–9 incl. 190.5–228.6 incl. 0.015 0.38 0.045 1.14

Exceptions for thin wall tubesTable above is applicable only to the mean diameter.

Thin wall is defined as follows:

Diameter in (mm) Wall thickness

2 (50.8) and less 2% or less of O.D.

Greater than 2 (50.8) 3% or less of O.D.

All diameters 0.020” (0.5mm) or less

Ovality for thin wall

1” (25.4mm) and under 0.02” (0.5mm)

over 1” (25.4mm) 2% of OD

Exceptions for cold drawn austenitic and ferritic/austenitic

• All sizes less than 2”(50.8mm).Table above applicable only to the mean diameter.

• Ovality must not exceed 0.010“ (0.25mm).• In the case of conflict with these ovality allowances,

the larger will apply.

A450 continued over the page


378

ASTM A450 cont. For Dimensions and Weights see page 81.

ThicknessMinus tolerance is zero, plus tolerance as table in %

Thickness H F S CDS Welded

in (mm) Ø ≤ 4 (101.6) Ø > 4 (101.6) Ø ≤ 11/2 (38.1) Ø > 11/2 (38.1) all sizes

t ≤ 0.095 (2.4) 40 20 22 18

0.095 (2.4) < t ≤ 0.150 (3.8) 35 35 20 22 18

0.150 (3.8) < t ≤ 0.180 (4.6) 33 33 20 22 18

0.180 (4.6) < t 28 28 20 22 18

Tubes 2” (50.8 mm) and over in diameter and 0.220” (5.6 mm) and over in thickness, variation in wall thickness about mean measuredwall shall not exceed ±10% seamless and ± 5% welded in any one cross section of any tube.

Cold drawn tubes of wall 3/4” 19.1 mm or over, or with inside diameter 60% of outside diameter,variations in wall thickness are HFS values.

Lengthin (mm) Outside diameter Cut length

HFS All sizes +3/16 (5) –0

CDS Ø < 2 (50.8) +1/8 (3) –0

Ø ≥ 2 (50.8) +3/16 (5) –0

Welded Ø < 2 (50.8) +1/8 (3) –0

Ø ≥ 2 (50.8) +3/16 (5) –0

Values are for lengths up to and including 24ft (7.3m).Additional tolerance of 1/8” (3mm) for each 10ft (3m) or part extra to a maximum of 1/2” (13mm).

ASTM A 530 For Dimensions and Weights see page 81.

N.B. special tolerances apply to forged, bored and cast pipe

Weight

NPS12 and under +10% –3.5%

over NPS 12 +10% –5%

NPS 4 and smaller weigh by lot, over NPS 4 each pipe individually

Diameter• Table as A 106 except 1/8” to 11/2” inclusive minus tolerance

is 1/32” (0.31”) 0.80mm• For thin wall pipe where wall thickness is 3% or less of

outside diameter, the table refers to mean diameter.• Ovality is 1.5% max.

Length

Exacts +1/4” 6mm -0

Random lengths as agreed

Thickness• –12.5% of nominal • Overthickness:

NPS Designator t/D ratio over tolerance

% from nominal1/8 to 2 1/2 inclusive all 20.0

3 –18 inclusive ≤ 5% 22.5

3 –18 inclusive > 5% 15.0

≥ 20” welded all 17.5

≥ 20” seamless ≤ 5% 22.5

≥ 20” seamless > 5% 15.0



379

API 5L For Dimensions and Weights see page 81.

N.B. grade A25 not included

Weight

Single lengths Special plain end + 10% – 5%

other pipe + 10% – 3.5%

Car loads 40 000 lbs 18 444 kg min – 1.75%

Car loads < 40 000 lbs 18 444 kg – 3.5%

Weight for order items same as carloads. Tolerance for order itemrefers to the overall quantity of pipe in order item. Mixed car loads,tolerance applied to order items.

Sizes 5 9/16 weighed individually, below in convenient groups.

Thickness

Outside Diameter Grade A,B X42 to X80

in % tolerance

2.875 and smaller +20 –12.5 +15 –12.5

2.875 –18 +15 –12.5 +15 –12.5

20 and larger welded +17.5 –12.5 +19.5 – 8.0

20 and larger seamless +15 –12.5 +17.5 –10.0

API 2BDiameter• Circumference +1%, ±1/2” max.• Out of round:

wall thickness ≤ 2”, 1% OD, 1/4” max. wall thickness > 2”, 1/8 of wall thicknessOD > 48”, 1/2” max. provided circumference is ± 1/4”

ThicknessIn accordance with plate specification

Length±11/2” per 10 feet of length

Straightness1/8” in any 10 feet of lengthfor length > 10 ft, maximum total deviation = 1/8” x length in feet / 10 with a maximum of 3/8 in any 40 ft length

Diameter · Body

in (mm)

Ø ≤ 1.900 +0.016 (0.41) – 0.031 (0.79)

2 3/8 to 18 ±0.75%

>18 seamless ±1.0%

20 –36 welded +0.75% – 0.25%

Ø > 36 welded +1/4 (6.35) –1/8 (3.20)

Diameter · Pipe ends

in (mm) Applies to end 4 (101.6) on OD or ID by agreement

Less than 10 3/4 –1/64 (0.40) Ring gauge +1/16 (1.59)

12 3/4 – 20 –1/32 (0.79) Ring gauge +3/32 (2.39)

Greater than 20 – 1/32 (0.79) Diameter tape +3/32 (2.39)

Greater than 20 Out of round measured diameter ± 1%

> 20 < 42 D/t < 75 max – min OD 0.500 (12.7)

> 42 D/t < 75 max – min OD 0.625 (15.9)

> 20: variation one end to other 3/32 (2.38) max by Ø tape

Length · Plain end pipe

Nominal length Min. length Min. average Max. length

20 ft (6 m) 9.0 (2.74) 17.5 (5.33) 22.5 (6.86)

40 ft (12 m) 14.0 (4.27) 35.0 (10 67) 45.0 (13.72)

50 ft (15 m) 17.5 (5.33) 43.8 (13.35) 55.0 (16.76)

60 ft (18 m) 21.0 (6.40) 52.5 (16.00) 65.0 (19.81)

80 ft (24m) 28.0 (8.53) 70.0 (21.34) 85.0 (25.91)

API 2HTolerances in accordance with ASTM A6 Tables 1-15 (A.1-A.15)


380

DIN 1626 For Dimensions and Weights see page 110.

Weight

Per single length +12% – 8%

per wagon 10 t and over +10% – 5%

Diameter

≤ 200mm ±1%, min ±0.5mm

200 – 1000mm ±(0.005 x diameter) +1mm

> 1000mm ±6mm

Ovality

OD < 200mm within permissible deviation in diameter

OD ≥ 200mm 2%, not applicable where D/t > 100

Pipe Ends

Applies to end 100 mm only when agreed

≤ 200mm ±0.5% min ±0.3mm

200 – 325mm ±1mm

> 325mm ±1.6mm

Wall Thickness 1

≤ 3mm +0.30 – 0.25mm

3 to 10mm +0.452– 0.35mm

> 10mm – 0.50mm2

1 wall thicknesses can be an additional 5% under over a length 2 x OD or 300 mm whichever is larger.

2 for plates ≥ 5 mm thick, upper limit is given by weight tolerance.

Lengths

Manufacturing lengths as occuring in production

Specified lengths ± 500mm

Exact lengths ≤ 6m ≤ 500 mm OD +10 – 0 mm

> 500 mm OD +25 – 0 mm

> 6m ≤ 12m ≤ 500 mm OD +15 – 0 mm

> 500 mm OD +50 – 0 mm

> 12m by agreement


Weight

Per single length +12% – 8%

per batch min. 10 tonnes +10% – 5%

Diameter

±1%, minimum 0.5mm

Pipe Ends

Applies to end 100mm when specified

≤ 100mm ± 0.4mm

> 100mm ≤ 200mm 0.5% of OD

≤ 200mm 0.6% of OD,

can be applied to ID if specified

Wall Thickness

OD ≤ 130mm t ≤ 2Sn +15% – 10%

2Sn < t ≤ 4Sn +12.5% – 10%

t > 4Sn +9%

130 < OD ≤ 320mm t ≤ 0.05 OD +17.5% – 12.5%

0.05 OD < t ≤ 0.11 OD ± 12.5%

t > 0.11 OD ± 10%

320 < OD ≤ 660mm t ≤ 0.05 OD +20% –15%

0.05 OD < t ≤ 0.09 OD +15% –12.5%

Sn = nominal wall thickness in accordance with DIN 2448

Lengths

Manufacturing lengths as occuring in production

Specified lengths ± 500mm

Exact lengths ≤ 6m +10mm – 0mm

> 6m ≤ 12m +15mm – 0mm

> 12m by agreement



381


Permissible deviation of diameter and wall thickness (includes allowed ovality).

Manufacturing Process Outside Diameter mm Outside Diameter Ø Wall Thickness t

ISO Tolerance Class Permissible Deviation ISO Tolerance Class Permissible Deviation

Cold fabricated Ø ≤ 219.1 D2 ±1%, min ± 0.5mm T3 ±10%, min ± 0.2mm

In special cases In special cases

Ø ≤ 219.1 D3 ± 0.75%, min ± 0.3mm T4 ±7.5%, min ±0.15mm

Ø ≤ 219.1 D4 ± 0.5%, min ± 0.1mm

Hot fabricated 44.5 ≤ Ø ≤ 219.1 D1 ± 1.5%, min 0.75mm T1 ± 15%, min ± 0.6mm

In special cases In special cases

44.5 ≤ Ø ≤ 219.1 D2 ± 1%, min ± 0.5mm T2 ± 12.5%, min ± 0.4mm

219.1 < Ø ≤ 610 D1 ± 1.5%, min 0.75mm1 t ≤ 0.05Ø + 22.5% – 15%

± 1.5%, min 0.75mm1 T1 0.05Ø < t ≤ 0.09Ø

± 15%, min ± 0.6mm

± 1.5%, min 0.75mm1 T2 t > 0.09Ø

± 12.5%, min ± 0.15mm

1 When ordered with sized ends tolerance of ± 0.6 % applies to end 100 mm.

Lengths

Manufacturers length: 2–7m, longer by agreementSpecified length: ± 500mmExact length: as table

Diameter Length Tolerance

mm m mm

≤ 40 ≤ 1 +1 – 0

> 1 ≤ 2 +2 – 0

> 2 ≤ 3 +3 – 0

> 3 ≤ 4 +4 – 0

> 4 ≤ 8 +5 – 0

> 40 ≤ 168 ≤ 6 +5 – 0

> 6 +10 – 0

> 168 all lengths +10 – 0


382


Permissible deviation of diameter and wall thickness.

Manufacturing Process Outside Diameter mm Outside Diameter Ø Wall Thickness t

ISO Tolerance Class Permissible Deviation ISO Tolerance Class Permissible Deviation

Welded ≤ 168.3 D2 ± 1%, min ± 0.5mm ± 10%, min ± 0.2mm

In special cases T3 In special cases

D3 ± 0.75%, min ± 0.3mm T4 ± 7.5%, min ± 0.15mm

D4 ± 0.5%, min ± 0.1mm

> 168.3 ± 1%, max ± 3mm T3 ± 10%, min ± 0.2mm

Note: Positive tolerances on wall thickness do not apply to weld seam – can be agreed to DIN 8563

Out of roundnessOD ≤ 168.3 mm included in above tableOD > 168.3 mm, 2% of mean diameter max.

Lengthsame as DIN 2462

DIN 17172Diameter

mm seamless welded

≤ 200 ± 1% ± 1%

200 – 1000 ± 1% ± (0.5% + 1mm)

> 1000 ± 6mm

Pipe ends

mm seamless welded

100 – 200 ± 0.5% ± 0.5%

200 – 325 ± 0.7% ± 1mm

> 325 ± 0.7% ± 1.6mm

Wall Thickness

Seamless OD ≤ 130mm ± 10%

OD > 130mm ± 12.5%

Welded t ≤ 10mm + 0.45mm – 0.35mm

t > 10mm – 0.5mm

Length

m

Random range 7 – 11 8 – 14 10 – 16.5 10 – 18

Minimum average 8 11 13.5 14.5

• Maximum 10% of delivery shorter than average.• Minimum individual length 50% of average• Fixed lengths ± 500mm.



383

DIN 17175 cont.Wall thicknessfor orders based on the bore ≥ 200 ≥720mm

t ≤ 0.05 ID +22.5% –12.5%

0.05 ID < t < 0.10 ID +15% –12.5%

t > 0.10 ID +12.5% –10%

Lengths

Production lengths no tolerance

Random lengths ± 500 mm

Exact lengths ≤ 6 m + 10 mm –0 mm

> 6 m ≤ 12 m + 15 mm –0 mm

> 12 m by agreement

BS 4848 TubularsWeight• ± 6% on individual lengths • + 6% – 4 % on lots of 10 tons and over

Size• CHS outside diameter ± 0.5 mm or ± 1%

whichever is greater• RHS outside dimension of sides ± 0.5mm or ± 1% whichever

is greater• Squareness 90˚ ± 1˚

Lengths• exact lengths up to 6 m: +10 mm – 0 mm• over 6 m: +15 mm – 0 mm

BS 7191 Seamless TubularsSize, mass and length as BS 4848

Wall thickness• + 15% –12.5%

Internal diameter• Specified OD – 2 x specified thickness• 100 mm each end ± 0.5% on nominal ID


Weight

Per single length + 10% – 8%

Per wagon 10 t and over ± 7.5%

Diameter

For orders based on inside diameter permissible deviation is ±1%For orders based on outside diameter:

OD ≤ 100mm non-profiled tubes ± 0.75% min 0.5mm

internally and/or ±1% min 0.5mm

externally profiled tubes

100 < OD ≤ 320mm ± 0.90%

OD > 320mm ± 1%

Pipe endsApplies to end 100mm when agreed.

45 ≤ OD ≤ 100mm ± 0.4mm

100 < OD ≤ 200mm ± 0.5%

OD> 200mm ± 0.6%

DiameterFor cold worked tubes, outside diameter.

OD ≤ 120mm ± 0.6% min ± 0.25mm

OD > 120mm ± 0.75%

Wall thicknessFor orders based on outside diameter.

OD ≤ 130 t ≤ 2Sn + 15% –10%

2Sn < t ≤ 4Sn + 12.5% –10%

t > 4Sn ± 9%

130 < OD ≤ 320 t ≤ 0.05 x OD + 17.5% –12.5%

0.05 OD < t ≤ 0.11 x OD ± 12.5%

t > 0.11 x OD ± 10%

320 < OD ≤ 660 t ≤ 0.05 x OD + 22.5% –12.5%

0.05 OD < t ≤ 0.09 OD + 15% –12.5%

t > 0.09 OD + 12.5% –10%

Sn = nominal wall thickness in accordance with DIN 2448


384

ASME B16.9 For Dimensions and Weights see page 163.

All Fittings1 Elbows 90° 45° Caps 180° Returns Angularity

NB OD ID2 Wall Centre Lenght Centre Back Align- Off Off

at bevel at end Thickness to End to end to Face ment Angle Plane

ABCM E O K U Q P1/2-21/2 +1.6 –0.8 0.8 2 3 6 6 1 1 2

3 – 4 +1.6 1.6 2 3 6 6 1 1 2

5 – 8 +2.4 –1.6 1.6 2 6 6 6 1 2 4

10 – 12 +4.0 –3.2 3.2 2 6 10 6 2 3 5

14 – 16 +4.0 –3.2 3.2 2 6 10 6 2 3 6

18 +4.0 –3.2 3.2 2 6 10 6 2 4 10

20 – 24 +6.4 –4.8 4.8 2 6 10 6 2 4 10

26 – 30 +6.4 -4.8 4.8 5 10 5 10

32 – 42 +6.4 –4.8 4.8 5 10 5 13

44 – 48 +6.4 –4.8 4.8 5 10 5 19

1 All dimensions are in millimeters. Listings with decimals do not imply precision measurement such as use of vernier, micrometer, electronicreadout equipment etc. ASME B16.9 Appendix I is a mandatory listing of inch dimensions.

2 ID = OD – 2t, all dimensions nominal, unless ID is specified by the purchaser.

MSS-SP-75 For Dimensions and Weights see page 163.

NB ID1 Wall Thickness Out of Roundness1 Elbows and Reducers Caps Angularity Elbows Reducers

at end At Ends Body of Tees Centre Overall Overall y Off Plane Off Plane

of Fittings Elbows to End Length Length Off Angle

Elbows Other A B C M H E Q P P

16 –2 4 ±0.09 Nominal -0.01 0.19 0.12 2.5% ±0.09 ±0.09 ±0.25 0.06 0.25 2.5% OD

26 –36 ±0.09 isolated reductions 1% OD 0.12 2.5% ±0.12 ±0.19 ±0.38 0.09 0.50 2.5% OD

38 –4 8 ±0.12 permitted 1% OD 0.12 2.5% ±0.19 ±0.38 ±0.38 0.12 0.75 2.5% OD

1 The inside diameter at end shall be determined by circumferential measurement, and the tolerance refers to variations from nominal ID calculated by Nominal OD – 2 x Nominal Thickness. Out of round is difference between maximum and minimum diameter.

2 ID = OD – 2t, all dimensions nominal, unless ID is specified by the purchaser.

ASME B 31.3 and 31.8Due to flexibility and stress intensification tcrotch ≥ t x 1.5 and crotch radius ≥ branch OD/8 (see B31.3 Appendix D table D300).

ASME B 16.11 For Dimensions and Weights see page 250.

The listing in page 250 of dimensions gives maxima and minima of the various dimensions. Additional tolerances are as follows:

Concentricity of bores · The socket and fitting bores shall be concentric within a tolerance of 0.8 mm (0.03 in) for all sizes. Oppositesocket bores shall be concentric within a tolerance of 1.5 mm (0.06 in) for all sizes.

Coincidence of axes · The maximum allowable variation in the alignment of the fittings bore and socket bore axes shall be 1.0 mmin 200 mm (0.06 in in 1 ft). The maximum allowable variation in alignment of threads shall be 1.0 mm in 200 mm (0.06 in in 1 ft).

Width of flat welding surface · Minimum flat is 0.75 x minimum socket wall thickness.

Not less than 87.5% ofnominal thickness



385

ASME B 16.5 and B 16.47 For Dimensions and Weights see page 224 and page 238.

Outside diameter O None specified

Flanges thickness tf1 NPS 18 and smaller – 0 + 3mm (0.12”)

NPS 20 to NPS 24 – 0 + 5mm (0.19”)

NPS 26 and up Thickness up to 1.0 – 0 + 0.12” (3mm)

Thickness 1.0 to 2.0 – 0 + 0.19” (5mm)

Thickness 2.0 to 3.0 – 0 + 0.31” (8mm)

Thickness over 3.0 – 0 + 0.38” (10mm)

Diameter of hub X None specified

OD at chamfer (welding neck) A NPS 5 and smaller + 2.0mm (0.09”) - 1.0mm (0.03”)

NPS 6 to NPS 24 + 4.0mm (1.16”) - 1.0mm (0.03”)

NPS 26 and larger + 0.21” (5.0mm) – 0.06” (1.6mm)

Length through hub Y

• welding neck NPS 4 and smaller ± 1.5mm (0.06”)

NPS 5 to NPS 10 + 1.5 (0.06”) - 3.0mm (0.12”)

NPS 12 to NPS 24 + 3.0mm (0.12”) - 5.0mm (0.18”)

NPS 26 and larger ± 0.19” (5mm)

• slip on Lengths listed are minimum. No maximum is specified.

Bore B

• welding neck NPS 10 and smaller ± 1.0mm (0.03”)

NPS 12 to NPS 18 ± 1.5mm (0.06”)

NPS 20 and larger + 3.0mm (0.12”) - 1.5mm (0.06”)

• slip on NPS 10 and smaller + 1.0mm (0.03”) - 0

NPS 12 to NPS 24 + 1.5mm (0.06”) - 0

Diameter of bolt circle ± 1.5mm (0.06”)

Centre to centre

adjacent bolt holes ± 0.8mm (0.03”)

Eccentricity: Bolt circle diameter NPS 2.1/2 and smaller 0.8mm (0.03”)

to machined facing diameter:

NPS 3 and larger 1.5mm (0.06”)

Thickness of hub at welding end – 12.5% of nominal pipe thickness

Diameter of face R2 150 lb, 300 lb up to NPS 24 ± 1.0mm (0.03”)

NPS 26 and larger ± 0.08” (2.0mm)

All other classes up to NPS 24 ± 0.5mm (0.02”)

NPS 26 and larger ± 0.04” (1.0mm)

Bolt length L

• Stud bolts ≤ 305mm (12”) – 1.5mm (0.06”)

> 305mm (12”) ≤ 460mm (18”) – 3.0mm (0.12”)> 460mm (18”) – 7.0mm (0.25”)

• Machine bolt ASME B18.2.1

Facing Raised face 3.2–6.3μm (125– 250 micro inches)

Ring joint Side wall surface 1.6 μm (63 mirco inches) max.

1 Raised face flanges: 150lb and 300lb flanges have 2mm (0.06”) raised face, other classes 7mm (0.25”)2 Ring joint facings: See Table 5 in ASME B16.25, table 3 in ASME B16.47 for dimensions. Dimension R is not applicable.

API 5L

α = 30˚ + 5˚ – 0˚a = 1/16” ± 1/32”

1.59mm ± 0.79mm

• For seamless pipe where internal machiningis required to meet root face tolerance, max.angle of internal taper from longitudinal axisgiven in table.

Wall thickness Max angle of taper

in mm

< 0.418 < 10.6 7˚

0.418 – 0.555 10.6 – 14.1 9 1/2˚

0.556 – 0.666 14.1 – 16.9 11˚

> 0.666 > 16.9 14˚

• For removal of internal butt on welded pipelarger than 4 1/2 in OD, internal taper 7˚ max.

• SAW pipe shall have inside weldreinforcement removed for a distance ofapproximately 4 inches.

• Pipe 2 3/8 and larger, pipe ends cut square to within 1/16 in(1.59mm).

Tolerances and End FinishesEnd FinishesWelding Ends/Threads

386

ASME B16.25

Plain Bevel (Fig 2a)

α = 37.1/2˚ ±2.1/2˚a = 0.06” ±0.03”

1.6mm ±0.8mm

Compound Bevel (Fig 3a)

α = 371/2˚ ±21/2˚β = 10˚ ±1˚a = 0.06” ±0.03”

1.6mm ±0.8mm

α

a

α

a

0.88in max22mm

α

a

0.75in ± 0.0619mm ± 2.0

β

over 0.88in

22mm

Tolerances and End FinishesEnd Finishes

Welding Ends/Threads

387

DIN 2559Id.-No Denomination Sectional view Wall Thickness Angle Distance Root face

Symbol s mm (in) α ° β ° b mm (in) c mm (in)

1 square butt weld ≤ 3 0 to 3

(≤ 0.118) (0 to 0.118)

21 single V butt weld ≤ 16 40 to 60 for SG 0 to 3

(≤ 0.630) 60 for E and G (0 to 0.118)

22 single V butt weld ≤ 16 40 to 60 for SG 0 to 4 to 2

(≤ 0.630) 60 for E and G (0 to 0.157) (to 0.79)

3 single U butt weld ≥ 12 8 0 to 3 to 2

(≥ 0.472) (0 to 0.118) (to 0.079)

4 single U butt weld ≥ 12 60 8 0 to 3 ≈ 4

on bevelled gap (≥ 0.472) (0 to 0.118) (≈ 0.157)

5 single V butt weld ≥ 16 ≈ 35 ≈6 0 to 2 ≈ 6

on bevelled gap (≥ 0.630) (0 to 0.079) (≈ 0.236)

s

b

b

α

s

b

α

sc

b

β

≈6s

c

b

β

≈6α

s

c

b

β

s

c

α


388

Threading Specifications

API 5L Line pipe API 5B Threading, Gauging and Thread Inspection

ASTM A 53 Pipe ASME B1.20.1 NPT Pipe Threads, General Purpose

ASME B 16.5, B 16.11 ASME B1.20.1 NPT Pipe Threads, General Purpose

ASTM A 193 Bolts ASME B1.1 Unified Screw Threads Class 2A (Bolts) 2B (Nuts)

≤1” (25.4mm) Course Thread Series, ≥1” 8 Pitch Thread Series

ASTM A 194 Nuts ASME B1.1 Unified Screw Threads Class 2A (Bolts) 2B (Nuts)

≤1” (25.4mm) Course Thread Series, ≥1” 8 Pitch Thread Series

N.B. ASME B1.20.1 replaces ANSI B2.1.

All threads right hand unless designated LH.

ASME B1.1

UN unified thread series - specific combinations of character and pitch

Class 2A refers to tolerances and allowances for external threads

Class 2B refers to tolerances and allowances for internal threads

Pitch p reciprocal of threads per inch n (p= 1/n)

Course Thread Series (UNC) threads per inch (see table)

8 Pitch Thread Series (8UN) threads per inch = 8

Thread Form triangular 60˚ (can be rounded)

Height of Fundamental Triangle H = 0.866 p

Height of Thread:(internal and external) h = 0.541 p = 5/8 H

Major Diameter D, i.e. bolt or associated nut diameter

Minor Diameter E = D–2h

Threads per Inch

Course Thread Nominal Diameter 1/4 5/163/8 7/16

1/2 9/165/8 3/4 7/8 1

Series UNC Threads per Inch 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

Tolerances are not given here as special equipment would be needed to measure the appropriate

dimensions. See specification for detailed tolerances and gauging practice

Tolerances and End FinishesEnd Finishes

Welding Ends/Threads

389

ASME B1.20.1 NPT National (American) Pipe Taper Threads

API 5B Line Pipe Thread Dimensions

Table of Dimensions1, 2

NB Threads Hand Tight Effective External Thread Overall Nominal complete

per inch n ext. Thread external Thread

Length L1 Diam. E1 Length L2 Diam. E2 Length L4 Length L5 Diam. E 5

in threads in in threads in in in in1/8 27 0.162 4.36 0.374 0.264 7.12 0.380 0.392 0.190 0.3751/4 18 0.228 4.10 0.492 0.402 7.23 0.503 0.595 0.291 0.4963/8 18 0.240 4.32 0.627 0.408 7.34 0.638 0.601 0.297 0.6311/2 14 0.320 4.48 0.778 0.534 7.47 0.792 0.782 0.391 0.7833/4 14 0.339 4.75 0.989 0.546 7.64 1.002 0.794 0.403 0.993

1 11.5 0.400 4.60 1.239 0.683 7.85 1.256 0.985 0.509 1.245

1 1/4 11.5 0.420 4.83 1.583 0.707 8.13 1.601 1.009 0.533 1.590

1 1/2 11.5 0.420 4.83 1.822 0.724 8.32 1.841 1.025 0.550 1.830

2 11.5 0.436 5.01 2.296 0.757 8.70 2.316 1.058 0.583 2.305

2 1/2 8 0.682 5.46 2.762 1.138 9.10 2.791 1.571 0.888 2.775

3 8 0.766 6.13 3.389 1.200 9.60 3.416 1.634 0.950 3.400

3 1/2 8 0.821 6.57 3.889 1.250 10.00 3.916 1.684 1.000 3.900

4 8 0.844 6.75 4.387 1.300 10.40 4.416 1.734 1.050 4.400

5 8 0.937 7.50 5.449 1.406 11.25 5.479 1.840 1.156 5.463

6 8 0.958 7.66 6.506 1.513 12.10 6.541 1.946 1.263 6.525

8 8 1.063 8.50 8.500 1.713 13.70 8.541 2.146 1.463 8.525

10 8 1.210 9.68 10.621 1.925 15.40 10.666 2.359 1.675 10.650

12 8 1.360 10.88 12.618 2.125 17.00 12.666 2.559 1.875 12.650

14 8 1.562 12.50 13.873 2.250 18.00 13.916 2.684 2.000 13.900

16 8 1.812 14.50 15.876 2.450 19.60 15.916 2.884 2.200 15.900

18 8 2.000 16.00 17.875 2.650 21.20 17.916 3.084 2.400 17.900

20 8 2.125 17.00 19.870 2.850 22.80 19.916 3.284 2.600 19.900

24 8 2.375 19.00 23.861 3.250 26.00 23.916 3.684 3.000 23.900

1 The dimensions given here are in inches to three decimal places only. 2 Threads are right handed unless designated LH

Pitch p = 1/n: reciprocal of threads per inch D = pipe diameterTaper = 0.0625 inches per inch (1 in 16) Eo = D – (0.05D + 1.1) pAngle of teeth = 60˚ E1 = Eo + 0.0625 L1Height of thread triangle = 0.866p L2 = (0.80D + 6.8) pHeight of actual thread = 0.800p Couplings Thread forms: API 5L are taper, ASTM A53 2” NB and smaller in

std weight can be straight, all others taperApplication is hand tight unless power-tight is specified.

L 1

Vanish threadsdue to chamferon die

Taper of thread1 in 16 measuredon diameter

L 5

L 4

L 3

L 2

E 0 E 1E 3

V

E 2

2 p

Pitch line

E 5 OD


390

BS21 Taper Thread based on Whitworth

ISO 7/1Pitch p = 1/ threads per inch = pTaper = 1 in 16Angle of teeth = 55˚Height of thread triangle = 0.960237 pActual thread height = 0.640327 pRadius of rounded crest and roots = 0.137278 p

Size Threads Gauge Ø Gauge length Lenght of useful thread Fitting Wrenching Ø tol. internal

per inch min Turns of T1/2 Turns of Tol. Allowance Allowance parallel threads mm

in thread threads thread threads1/8 28 9.728 4 3/8 ± 1 7 1/8 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.0711/4 19 13.157 4 1/2 ± 1 7 1/4 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.1043/8 19 16.662 4 3/4 ± 1 7 1/2 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.1041/2 14 20.955 4 1/2 ± 1 7 1/4 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.1423/4 14 26.441 5 1/4 ± 1 8 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.142

1 11 33.249 4 1/2 ± 1 7 1/4 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.180

1 1/4 11 41.910 5 1/2 ± 1 8 1/4 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.180

1 1/2 11 47.803 5 1/2 ± 1 8 1/4 ± 1 2 3/4 1 1/2 ± 0.180

2 11 59.614 6 7/8 ± 1 10 1/8 ± 1 3 1/4 2 ± 0.180

2 1/2 11 75.184 7 9/16 ± 1 1/2 11 9/16 ± 1 1/2 4 2 1/2 ± 0.216

3 11 87.884 8 15/16 ± 1 1/2 12 15/16 ± 1 1/2 4 2 1/2 ± 0.216

4 11 113.030 11 ± 1 1/2 15 1/2 ± 1 1/2 4 1/2 3 ± 0.216

5 11 138.430 12 3/8 ± 1 1/2 17 3/8 ± 1 1/2 5 3 1/2 ± 0.216

6 11 163.830 12 3/8 ± 1 1/2 17 3/8 ± 1 1/2 5 3 1/2 ± 0.216

T1

2-

T1

2+

Complete thread

Useful thread(not less than gauge length plus fitting allowance)

Total thread

Incompletethread

Washoutthread

End of longest permittedinternal thread at handtight engagement

Gauge plane

Vanish cone

Allowance equivalentto positive toleranceon internal thread

Major cone

Gauge lengthWrenchningallowance

Fitting allowance

Gaugediameter d

Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

General InformationIndex

393

Conversion FactorsUmrechnungsfaktorenTable de ConversionTabelle di ConversioneFactores de Conversión ........................................................ 394

Test MethodsTestverfahrenDifférentes Méthodes de testsMetodi di controlloMetodos de Inspección ........................................................ 407

WeldingSchweißverfahrenSoudageSaldaturaMetodo di Soldadura .......................................................... 408

Heat TreatmentWärmebehandlungTraitement thermiqueTrattamento TermicoTratamiento Térmico ............................................................ 410

Corrosion Prevention, CoatingKorrosionsschutz, BeschichtungenTraitement Anticorrosion, RevêtementsPrevenzione alla corrosione, RivestimentoPrevencion de Corrosión, Revestimiento .............................. 412

Common Alloying Elements in SteelAllgemeine Legierungselemente im StahlElements d‘alliage communs dans l‘acierElementi leganti nell‘AcciaioElementos de Aleación en Acero .......................................... 414

ShippingVerschiffungExpeditionCondizioni di spedizioneCondiciones de embarcamiento .......................................... 416

Pipe Stacking/Railroad and Marine TransportLagerung/Bahn- und SeetransportGerbage de Tubes/Transport ferroviaire et maritimeDeposito/Trasporto ferroviario e marittimoAlmacenamiento de Tubos/Transporte por ferrocarril y barco .......................................................... 418

Glossary of TermsFachwortverzeichnisLexique de Différents Termes utilisésGlossario della TerminologiaTerminologia ........................................................................ 419

General InformationConversion Factors

394

System of Units (SI)

The SI System is based on the Metre, Kilogram, Second and Ampere

1 Metre (m) = 1000 millimetres (mm)= 100 centimetres (cm)

1 Kilometre (km) = 1000 metres (m)1 Kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)1 Tonne (t) = 1000 kilograms (kg)

Keymultiply by 1 unit

divide by 1 unit

Lengthmetre (m)

Masskilogram (kg)

Timesecond (s)

Electric Current(rate of flow)

ampere (A)

ElectricResistance

V/A

= ohm (Ω)

Quantity ofElectricity

ampere second(As)

= coulomb (C)

ElectricConductance

A/V

= siemens (S)

ElectricPotential

watt per ampere(W/A)

= volt (V)

ElectricCapacitance

C/V

= farad (F)

Velocitymetre per second

(m/s)

Power(rate of carrying out work)

joule per second

= watt (W) (also W=A·V)

Areasquare metre

(m2)

Pressure, stressnewton per

square metre(N/m2)

= pascal (Pa)

Forcekilogram metre

per secondsquared (kg/m2)

= newton (N)

Energy, work done,or quantity of heat

(force applied through distance)newton metre (Nm)

= joule (J)

Accelerationmetre per

second squared(per secondper second)

(m/s2)


395

Lengthfrom metric to imperial multiply by from imperial to metric multiply by

micron μm millliinch mil 0.03937 milliinch mil micron μm 25.40

millimetre mm inch in 0.03937 inch in millimetre mm 25.4000

metre m foot ft 3.2808 foot ft metre m 0.3048

metre m yard yd 1.0963 yard yd metre m 0.9144

metre m chain 0.1491 chain metre m 20.1168

metre m furlong 0.0050 furlong metre m 201.168

metre m fathom 0.5468 fathom metre m 1.8288

kilometre km mile 0.6214 mile kilometre km 1.6093

Areafrom metric to imperial multiply by from imperial to metric multiply by

sq millimetre mm2 sq inch sq in 0.0015 sqare inch sq in sq millimetre mm2 645.1600

sq centimetre cm2 sq inch sq in 0.1550 square inch sq in sq centimetre cm2 6.4516

sq metre m2 sq foot sq ft 10.7636 square foot sq ft sq metre m2 0.0929

sq metre m2 sq yard sq yd 1.1960 square yard sq yd sq metre m2 0.8361

sq metre m2 acre 0.0002 acre sq metre m2 4046.86

sq kilometre km2 sq mile 0.3861 square mile sq kilometre km2 2.5898

Volumefrom metric to imperial multiply by from imperial to metric multiply by

cubic centimetre cc cubic inch cu in 0.0610 cubic inch cu in cubic centimetre cc 16.3871

cubic metre m3 cubic foot cu ft 35.3134 cubic foot cu ft cubic metre m3 0.0283

cubic metre m3 litre l 1000.0000 litre l cubic metre m3 0.0010

litre l pint pt 1.7599 pint pt litre l 0.5682

litre l imperial gallon 0.2198 imperial gallon litre l 4.5460

litre l us gallon 0.2642 us gallon litre l 3.7854

litre l us barrel 0.0063 us barrel litre l 158.98

us barrel us gallon 42.0000 us gallon us barrel 0.0238

Weightfrom metric to imperial multiply by from imperial to metric multiply by

gram g dram dr 0.5644 dram dr gram g 1.7718

gram g grain gr 15.4324 grain gr gram g 0.0648

gram g ounce oz 0.0353 ounce oz gram g 28.3495

gram g pound lb 0.0022 pound lb gram g 453.5923

kilogram kg pound lb 2.2046 pound lb kilogram kg 0.4536

kilogram kg hundredweight cwt 0.0197 hundredweight cwt kilogram kg 50.8023

metric ton t kilogram kg 1000.000 kilogram kg metric ton t 0.0010

metric ton t ton t 0.9842 ton t metric ton t 1.0161

Note: US short ton = 2000 lbs = 907.2 kg


396

TemperatureThere are three common temperature scales, Celsius or Centrigrade, Kelvin or Absolute and Fahrenheit.

Celsius (Centigrade) is based on: 0 °C is the freezing point and 100 °C the boiling point of water

Kelvin (Absolute) has the same temperature graduations as Celsius but 0 °K is -273.15 °C, which is absolute zero – so calledbecause it is the lowest possible temperature in this universe

Fahrenheit was originally formulated based on: 0 °F as the temperature of a mixture of ice and salt (-32 °C) and 100 °F as the temperature of humans blood. One °F = 5/9 °C.

from to Formula

Celsius °C Farenheit °F multiply by 9/5 and add 32

Celsius °C Kelvin °K add 273.15

Kelvin °K Farenheit °F multiply by 9/5 and subtract 459.67

Fahrenheit °F Celsius °C subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9

Kelvin °K Celsius °C Subtract 273.15

Fahrenheit °F Kelvin °K multiply by 5/9 and add 255.37

ForceForce = mass x acceleration

from to multiply by

Newtons N kilopond kp 0.1020

Newtons N pound weight lbwgt 0.2248

Kilopond kp pound weight lbwgt 2.2046

Kilopond kp Newtons N 9.8067

pound weight lbwgt Newtons N 4.4482

pound weight lbwgt kilopond kp 0.4536

Gravitational acceleration 9.80665 meters per second per second (slight variation at different points on earth).

NB Kilopond = Kilogram forcepound weight = pound force


397

EnergyEnergy = force x distance = quantity of heat

from to multiply by

Joule J kilopond metre kpm 0.1020

Joule J kiloawatt hour kWh 0.2778 x 10-6

Joule J foot pound weight ftlbwgt 0.7376

Joule J kilocalorie kcal 0.2388 x 10-3

Joule J British Themal Unit BThU 0.9479 x 10-3

kilopond metre kpm kiloawatt hour kWh 2.7233 x 10-6

kilopond metre kpm foot pound weight ftlbwgt 7.2307

kilopond metre kpm kilocalorie kcal 2.3425 x 10-3

kilopond metre kpm British Themal Unit BThU 9.2954 x 10-3

kilopond metre kpm Joule J 9.8067

kilowatt hour kWh foot pound weight ftlbwgt 2.6553 x 106

kilowatt hour kWh kilocalorie kcal 859.85

kilowatt hour kWh British Themal Unit BThU 3.4118 x 10-3

kilowatt hour kWh Joule J 3.6000 x 106

kilowatt hour kWh kilopond metre kpm 0.3672 x 106

foot pound weight ftlbwgt kilocalorie kcal 0.3238 x 10-3

foot pound weight ftlbwgt British Themal Unit BThU 1.2851 x 10-3

foot pound weight ftlbwgt Joule J 1.3558

foot pound weight ftlbwgt kilopond metre kpm 0.1383

foot pound weight ftlbwgt kilowatt hour kWh 0.3766 x 10-6

kilocalorie kcal British Themal Unit BThU 3.9683

kilocalorie kcal Joule J 4186.8

kilocalorie kcal kilopond metre kpm 426.89

kilocalorie kcal kilowatt hour kWh 1.1630 x 10-3

kilocalorie kcal foot pound weight ftlbwgt 3088.3

British Themal Unit BThU Joule J 1055.0

British Thermal Unit BThU kilopond metre kpm 107.58

British Thermal Unit BThU kiloawatt hour kWh 293.10

British Thermal Unit BThU foot pound weight ftlbwgt 778.0

British Thermal Unit BThU kilocalorie kcal 0.2520

1 Joule = 1 Newton metre = 1 Watt second = 107 ergs


398

PowerPower = energy per second

from to multiply by

Watt W kilopond metre/sec kpm/s 0.1020

Watt W foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s 0.7376

Watt W Horse Power hp 1.341 x 10-3

Watt W Cheval Vapeur CV 1.360 x 10-3

Watt W Pferdestärke PS 1.360 x 10-3

Watt W kilocalorie/hour kcal/h 0.8598

Watt W British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h 3.4118

kilopond metre/sec kpm/s foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s 7.2307

kilopond metre/sec kpm/s Horse Power hp 0.0131

kilopond metre/sec kpm/s Cheval Vapeur CV 0.0133

kilopond metre/sec kpm/s Pferdestärke PS 0.0133

kilopond metre/sec kpm/s kilocalorie/hour kcal/h 8.4317

kilopond metre/sec kpm/s British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h 33.463

foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s Horse Power hp 1.8182 x 10-3

foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s Cheval Vapeur CV 1.8450 x 10-3

foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s Pferdestärke PS 1.8450 x 10-3

foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s kilocalorie/hour kcal/h 1.1657

foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h 4.6264

Horse Power hp Cheval Vapeur CV 1.014

Horse Power hp Pferdestärke PS 1.014

Horse Power hp kilocalorie/hour kcal/h 641.14

Horse Power hp British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h 2544

Cheval Vapeur CV Pferdestärke PS 1

Cheval Vapeur CV kilocalorie/hour kcal/h 632.38

Cheval Vapeur CV British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h 2507

Pferdestärke PS kilocalorie/hour kcal/h 632.38

Pferdestärke PS British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h 2507

kilocalorie/hour kcal/h British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h 3.9683


399

PowerPower = energy per second

from to multiply by

kilopond metre/sec kpm/s Watt W 9.8067

foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s Watt W 1.3558

Horse Power hp Watt W 745.7

Cheval Vapeur CV Watt W 735.5

Pferdestärke PS Watt W 735.5

kilocalorie/hour kcal/h Watt W 1.1630

British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h Watt W 0.2931

foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s kilopond metre/sec kpm/s 0.1383

Horse Power hp kilopond metre/sec kpm/s 76.071

Cheval Vapeur CV kilopond metre/sec kpm/s 75.00

Pferdestärke PS kilopond metre/sec kpm/s 75.00

kilocalorie/hour kcal/h kilopond metre/sec kpm/s 0.1186

British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h kilopond metre/sec kpm/s 0.0299

Horse Power hp foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s 550.00

Cheval Vapeur CV foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s 542.0

Pferdestärke PS foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s 542.0

kilocalorie/hour kcal/h foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s 0.8579

British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h foot pound weight/sec ftlbwgt/s 0.2162

Cheval Vapeur CV Horse Power hp 0.9862

Pferdestärke PS Horse Power hp 0.9862

kilocalorie/hour kcal/h Horse Power hp 1.5597 x 10-3

British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h Horse Power hp 0.3930 x 10-3

Pferdestärke PS Cheval Vapeur CV 1

kilocalorie/hour kcal/h Cheval Vapeur CV 1.5813 x 10-3

British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h Cheval Vapeur CV 0.3988 x 10-3

kilocalorie/hour kcal/h Pferdestärke PS 1.5813 x 10-3

British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h Pferdestärke PS 0.3988 x 10-3

British Thermal Unit/hour BThU/h kilocalorie/hour kcal/h 0.2520

1 Watt = 1 Joule/sec = 1Nm/sec1 Kilowatt = 1000 Watts


400

PressurePressure = force divided by area

from to multiply by

Bar Bar Mega Pascals MPa 0.1

Bar Bar Pounds per sq inch psi 14.5038

Mega Pascals MPa Pounds per sq inch psi 145.038

Mega Pascals MPa Bar Bar 10

Pounds per sq inch psi Bar Bar 0.068947

Pounds per sq inch psi Mega Pascals MPa 6.8947 x 10-3

1 atmosphere (atm) = 760mm Hg (Torr) = 1.01325bar1 Pascal = 1 N/m2; 1MPa = 1 N/mm2 = 10bar1 kp/cm2 = 0.0980665bar; 1 kp/mm2 = 98.0665bar = 9.08665MPa

StressStress = force divided by area

from to multiply by

Newtons/sq mm N/mm2 Thousand of pounds/sq in ksi 0.1450

Newtons/sq mm N/mm2 Tons per sqare inch ton/sq in 0.06475

Thousand of pounds/sq in ksi Tons per sqare inch ton/sq in 0.4464

Thousand of pounds/sq in ksi Newtons/sq mm N/mm2 N/mm2 6.8947

Tons per sqare inch ton/sq in Newtons/sq mm N/mm2 N/mm2 15.4443

Tons per sqare inch ton/sq in Thousand of pounds/sq in ksi 2.240

1 N/mm2 = 1MPa

Impact Energy and Stress

Impact test results are sometimes reported in units of stress rather than units of energy. The conversion factors for British Imperial to Metric Units are given in the table of energy:

1 Joule (J) = 0.7376 ft lbs1 ft lb = 1.3558 Joules

for stress values, the area behind the V-notch is required

e.g a 10 x 10mm sample with 2mm V-notch (ISO) area = for case a 1 Joule/cm2 = 1.25J 1J = 0.8J/cm2

80mm2 (0.8cm2) for case b 1 Joule/cm2 = 2.50J 1J = 0.4J/cm2

b 10 x 5mm sample with 2mm V-notch (ISO) area = for case a 1 kgf/cm2 = 7.84532J 1J = 0.1275 kgf/cm2

40mm2 (0.4cm2) for case b 1 kgf/cm2 = 3.92266J 1J = 0.2549 kgf/cm2


401

Grain size Equivalents ASTM E112ASTM No. 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Average Grain in 0.020 0.0141 0.010 0.007 0.005 0.0035 0.0025 0.0018 0.0012 0.0009 0.0006 0.0004

Diameter mm 0.51 0.36 0.25 0.18 0.125 0.090 0.065 0.045 0.032 0.022 0.016 0.011

Multiple UnitsPrefix Symbol Factor Scientific Notation

atto a 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 10-18

femto f 0.000 000 000 000 001 10-15

pico p 0.000 000 000 001 10-12

nano n 0.000 000 001 10-9

micro μ 0.000 001 10-6

milli m 0.001 10-3

centi c 0.01 10-2

deci d 0.1 10-1

deka da 10 101

hecto h 100 102

kilo k 1 000 103

mega M 1 000 000 106

giga G 1 000 000 000 109

tera T 1 000 000 000 000 1012

Unit Symbolsmetre m inch in

kilogram kg foot ft

Second s yard yd

ampere A pound lb

Newton N British Thermal Unit Btu

Pascal Pa Horsepower hp

Joule J Cheval Vapeur CV

Watt W Pferdestärke PS

Kilopond kp calorie cal

Weight of Water at 4°C1 cu inch 0.036lb

1 cu ft 62.4lb

1 imperial gallon 10.0lb

1 US gallon 8.33lb

1 litre 2.20lb 1kg


402

Hardness more comprehensive conversion tables are given in ASTM E140

Approximate Equivalent Hardness Numbers for Diamond Pyramid Hardness of Steel

Vickers Brinell 10mm ball, 3000kg load Rockwell

Diamond

Pyramid A-Scale B-Scale C-Scale D-Scale

Hardness Standard Hultgren Tungsten 60kg load 100kg load 150kg load 100kg load

Number Ball Ball Carbide Ball brale penetrator 1/16–1in Ø ball brale penetrator brale penetrator

940 85.6 68.0 76.9

920 85.3 67.5 76.5

900 85.0 67.0 76.1

880 767 84.7 66.4 75.7

860 757 84.4 65.9 75.3

840 745 84.1 65.3 74.8

820 733 83.8 64.7 74.3

800 722 83.4 64.0 73.8

780 710 83.0 63.3 73.3

760 698 82.6 62.5 72.6

740 684 82.2 61.8 72.1

720 670 81.8 61.0 71.5

700 615 656 81.3 60.1 70.8

690 610 647 81.1 59.7 70.5

680 603 638 80.8 59.2 70.1

670 597 630 80.6 58.8 69.8

660 590 620 80.3 58.3 69.4

650 585 611 80.0 57.8 69.0

640 578 601 79.8 57.3 68.7

630 571 591 79.5 56.8 68.3

620 564 582 79.2 56.3 67.9

610 557 573 78.9 55.7 67.5

600 550 564 78.6 55.2 67.0

590 542 554 78.4 54.7 66.7

580 535 545 78.0 54.1 66.2

570 527 535 77.8 53.6 65.8

560 519 525 77.4 53.0 65.4

550 505 512 517 77.0 52.3 64.8

540 496 503 507 76.7 51.7 64.4

530 488 495 497 76.4 51.1 63.9

520 480 487 488 76.1 50.5 63.5

510 473 479 479 75.7 49.8 62.9

500 465 471 471 75.3 49.1 62.2

490 456 460 460 74.9 48.4 61.6

480 448 452 452 74.5 47.7 61.3

470 441 442 442 74.1 46.9 60.7

460 433 433 433 73.6 46.1 60.1

450 425 425 425 73.3 45.3 59.4

440 415 415 415 72.8 44.5 58.8

430 405 405 405 72.3 43.6 58.2


403


Rockwell Superficial Hardness Number Shore Tensile Strength Vickers

Superficial Brale Penetrator scleroscope (approximate) Diamond

Hardness Pyramid

15-N-Scale 30-N-Scale 45-N-Scale number Hardness

15kg load 30kg load 45kg load 1000 psi N/mm2 Number

93.2 84.4 75.4 97 940

93.0 84.0 74.8 96 920

92.9 83.6 74.2 95 900

92.7 83.1 73.6 93 880

92.5 82.7 73.1 92 860

92.3 82.2 72.2 91 840

92.1 81.7 71.8 90 820

91.8 81.1 71.0 88 800

91.5 80.4 70.2 87 780

91.2 79.7 69.4 86 760

91.0 79.1 68.6 84 740

90.7 78.4 67.7 83 720

90.3 77.6 66.7 81 700

90.1 77.2 66.2 690

89.8 76.8 65.7 80 329 2268 680

89.7 76.4 65.3 324 2234 670

89.5 75.9 64.7 79 319 2199 660

89.2 75.5 64.1 314 2165 650

89.0 75.1 63.5 77 309 2130 640

88.8 74.6 63.0 304 2096 630

88.5 74.2 62.4 75 299 2062 620

88.2 73.6 61.7 294 2027 610

88.0 73.2 61.2 74 289 1993 600

87.8 72.7 60.5 284 1958 590

87.5 72.1 59.9 72 279 1924 580

87.2 71.7 59.3 274 1889 570

86.9 71.2 58.6 71 269 1855 560

86.6 70.5 57.8 264 1820 550

86.3 70.0 57.0 69 260 1793 540

86.0 69.5 56.2 254 1751 530

85.7 69.0 55.6 67 250 1724 520

85.4 68.3 54.7 244 1682 510

85.0 67.7 53.9 66 240 1655 500

84.7 67.1 53.1 234 1613 490

84.3 66.4 52.2 64 230 1586 480

83.9 65.7 51.3 224 1544 470

83.6 64.9 50.4 62 220 1517 460

83.2 64.3 49.4 214 1475 450

82.8 63.5 48.4 59 210 1448 440

82.3 62.7 47.4 204 1407 430


404


Vickers Brinell 10mm ball, 3000kg load Rockwell

Diamond

Pyramid A-Scale B-Scale C-Scale D-Scale

Hardness Standard Hultgren Tungsten 60kg load 100kg load 150kg load 100kg load

Number Ball Ball Carbide Ball brale penetrator 1/16–1in Ø ball brale penetrator brale penetrator

420 397 397 397 71.8 42.7 57.5

410 388 388 388 71.4 41.8 56.8

400 379 379 379 70.8 40.8 56.0

390 369 369 369 70.3 39.8 55.2

380 360 360 360 69.8 (110.0) 38.8 54.4

370 350 350 350 69.2 37.7 53.6

360 341 341 341 68.7 (109.0) 36.6 52.8

350 331 331 331 68.1 35.5 51.9

340 322 322 322 67.6 (108.0) 34.4 51.1

330 313 313 313 67.0 33.3 50.2

320 303 303 303 66.4 (107.0) 32.2 49.4

310 294 294 294 65.8 31.0 48.4

300 284 284 284 65.2 (105.5) 29.8 47.5

295 280 280 280 64.8 29.2 47.1

290 275 275 275 64.5 (104.5) 28.5 46.5

285 270 270 270 64.2 27.8 46.0

280 265 265 265 63.8 (103.5) 27.1 45.3

275 261 261 261 63.5 26.4 44.9

270 256 256 256 63.1 (102.0) 25.6 44.3

265 252 252 252 62.7 24.8 43.7

260 247 247 247 62.4 (101.0) 24.0 43.1

255 243 243 243 62.0 23.1 42.2

250 238 238 238 61.6 99.5 22.2 41.7

245 233 233 233 61.2 21.3 41.1

240 228 228 228 60.7 98.3 20.3 40.3

230 219 219 219 96.7 (18.0)

220 209 209 209 95.0 (15.7)

210 200 200 200 93.4 (13.4)

200 190 190 190 91.5 (11.0)

190 181 181 181 89.5 (8.5)

180 171 171 171 87.1 (6.0)

170 162 162 162 85.0 (3.0)

160 152 152 152 81.7 (0.0)

150 143 143 143 78.7

140 133 133 133 75.0

130 124 124 124 71.2

120 114 114 114 66.7

110 105 105 105 62.3

100 95 95 95 56.2

95 90 90 90 52.0

90 86 86 86 48.0

85 81 81 81 41.0

Values for Rockwell Hardness in parentheses are beyond normal range and are given for information only.


405


Rockwell Superficial Hardness Number Shore Tensile Strength Vickers

Superficial Brale Penetrator scleroscope (approximate) Diamond

Hardness Pyramid

15-N-Scale 30-N-Scale 45-N-Scale number Hardness

15kg load 30kg load 45kg load 1000 psi N/mm2 Number

81.8 61.9 46.4 57 200 1379 420

81.4 61.1 45.3 195 1344 410

81.0 60.2 44.1 55 190 1310 400

80.3 59.3 42.9 185 1276 390

79.8 58.4 41.7 52 180 1241 380

79.2 57.4 40.4 175 1207 370

78.6 56.4 39.1 50 170 1172 360

78.0 55.4 37.8 166 1145 350

77.4 54.4 36.5 47 161 1110 340

76.8 53.6 35.2 156 1076 330

76.2 52.3 33.9 45 151 1041 320

75.6 51.3 32.5 146 1007 310

74.9 50.2 31.1 42 141 972 300

74.6 49.7 30.4 139 958 295

74.2 49.0 29.5 41 136 938 290

73.8 48.4 28.7 134 924 285

73.4 47.8 27.9 40 131 903 280

73.0 47.2 27.1 129 889 275

72.6 46.4 26.2 38 126 869 270

72.1 45.7 25.2 124 855 265

71.6 45.0 24.3 37 121 834 260

71.1 44.2 23.2 119 820 255

70.6 43.4 22.2 36 116 800 250

70.1 42.5 21.1 114 786 245

69.6 41.7 19.9 34 111 765 240

33 106 731 230

32 101 696 220

30 97 669 210

29 92 634 200

28 88 607 190

26 84 579 180

25 79 545 170

24 75 517 160

22 71 490 150

21 66 455 140

20 62 427 130

57 393 120

110

100

95

90

85


406

Approximate Comparison of Wire GaugesGauge No. Values in inches

American United States Birmingham Washburn Imperial SWG London Jouge de Paris

Brown Standard Stubs & Moen‘s Old English

& Sharpe‘s

000 0.410 0.375 0.425 0.363 0.372 0.425

00 0.365 0.344 0.380 0.331 0.348 0.380

0 0.325 0.313 0.340 0.307 0.324 0.340

1 0.289 0.281 0.300 0.283 0.300 0.300

2 0.258 0.266 0.284 0.263 0.276 0.284

3 0.229 0.250 0.259 0.244 0.252 0.259 0.031

4 0.204 0.234 0.238 0.225 0.232 0.238 0.035

5 0.182 0.219 0.220 0.207 0.212 0.220 0.039

6 0.162 0.203 0.203 0.192 0.192 0.203 0.043

7 0.144 0.188 0.180 0.177 0.176 0.180 0.047

8 0.129 0.172 0.165 0.162 0.160 0.165 0.051

9 0.114 0.156 0.148 0.148 0.144 0.148 0.055

10 0.102 0.141 0.134 0.135 0.128 0.134 0.059

11 0.0907 0.125 0.120 0.121 0.116 0.120 0.063

12 0.0808 0.109 0.109 0.106 0.104 0.109 0.071

13 0.0720 0.0938 0.095 0.0915 0.092 0.095 0.079

14 0.0641 0.0781 0.083 0.0800 0.080 0.083 0.087

15 0.0571 0.0703 0.072 0.0720 0.072 0.072 0.094

16 0.0508 0.0625 0.065 0.0625 0.064 0.065 0.106

17 0.0453 0.0563 0.058 0.0540 0.056 0.058 0.118

18 0.0403 0.0500 0.049 0.0475 0.048 0.049 0.134

19 0.0359 0.0438 0.042 0.0410 0.040 0.040 0.154

20 0.0320 0.0375 0.035 0.0348 0.036 0.035 0.173

21 0.0285 0.0344 0.032 0.0317 0.032 0.0315 0.193

22 0.0254 0.0313 0.028 0.0286 0.028 0.0295 0.213

23 0.0266 0.0281 0.025 0.0258 0.024 0.0270 0.232

24 0.0201 0.0250 0.022 0.0230 0.022 0.0250 0.252

25 0.0179 0.0219 0.020 0.0204 0.020 0.0230 0.276

26 0.0159 0.0188 0.018 0.0181 0.018 0.0205 0.299

General Information

407

Corrosion TestingHydrogen Induced Cracking · Test pieces are immersed in

synthetic seawater (usually NACE or BP solution) with hydrogen sulphide bubbled through for a fixed duration (usually 96 hours). The extent of step-wise cracking is then measured. The cracks are caused by hydrogen atoms becoming trapped at inclusion locations, building up sufficient pressure to rupture lattice. This measures the susceptibility of the material to hydrogen attack eg in sour wells.

Sulphide Stress Corrosion · A test piece is stressed while held in a corrosive solution for a fixed length of time (usually 30 days). The test can be a tensile test or four point bending test. The test measures susceptibility to sour gas attack, i.e. use of material in sour service.

Corrosion Tests · These tests are usually performed on stainless steels or other corrosion resistant materials. They are essentially tests which measure the susceptibility of materials to particular chemical attack.Weld Decay Test: Detects inter-crystalline corrosion using boiling copper sulphate/sulphuric acid solution for 72 hours. Test pieces are then bent and examined for cracks. Strauss Test: As weld decay test except solution must contain solid electrolytic copper, and immersion time is 15 hours. Huey Test: Detects susceptibility to intergranular attack using boiling nitric acid. Samples are immersed in solution forfive 48 hour periods. Weight loss after each period is measured giving a corrosion rate assessed as a thickness lossin a given time.Potentiostat: Curves relating electrode potentials and current flow. The shape of the curves is used to assess the corrosion properties.

Grade SortingThese methods are used to confirm material grades, to preventmix-ups.

Eddy Current Comparator · The magnetic properties of the test piece are compared with a standard sample using a coil.

Fluorescent Isotope Analysers · Material is irradiated using a radioactive isotope and the resulting spectrum is characteristic of the material.

Spectrometers · Portable and Semi-Portable. There are various versions available some of which are used as comparators using a standard sample and comparing the spectrum by eye. Others are highly sophisticated, capable of giving an actual chemical analysis with an accuracy approaching that of a laboratory facility.

Test MethodsWelding

Mechanical TestingTensile Test · Measures the physical strength of material by

stretching to breaking a strip or rod of the test material. Rm Tensile Strength - ultimate material strength.Re Yield Strength - strength at which material suffers permanent deformation.El Elongation - Amount material is permanently stretchedafter breaking as a percentage of the gauge length.

Proof Stress · Stress at a defined extension eg 0.2%, 0.5%.This is sometimes done at high temperatures (hot proof).

Charpy Impact · Measures the ability to withstand shock loading, which is a combination of strength and ductility. A test piece is notched, and broken by the impact of a hammer pendulum and the absorbed energy measured. This test is usually performed at low temperatures .

Menagé · As Charpy impact, but different notch profile.Hardness Test · A measure of the resistance of material to

indentation (surface deformation). There are various methods, eg Brinell using a steel ball, Vickers using a pyramid shaped diamond. This test is a useful non-destructive test for a guide as to the suitability of a material for sour service. See NACE MR 01-75 which has a requirement of HRC 22 max for carbon and stainless steels.

Drop Weight Tear Test · Similar to Charpy Impact test. A weight is dropped onto the notched specimen, to break the test piece. The fracture surface is examined to determine the percentage of the surface which exhibits shear fracture as opposed to brittle fracture.

Through Thickness Test · Tensile test through the wall thickness. Value measured is the percentage reduction in area of the broken test piece and the tensile strength. The higher the reduction in area the better.

CTOD Test · Suspectability of material to crack propagation. A crack is generated at the root of a notch in the test piece. The rate of opening is then plotted using strain gauges under applied loads until the crack propagates. The wider the crack before propagation the better the result.

Creep and Stress Rupture · Stressing material at different temperatures over long periods of time, eg 10,000 hrs. Creep is a measure of long term plastic deformation, stress rupture is the time to rupture at fixed stress.

Fatigue Testing · A cycle of stress is applied for a fixed length of time to see if material will crack, or if an artificial crack will propagate.

Chemical TestingChemical Analysis · Exact chemical composition of material.

Usually done by spectroscope, which can be a large fixed apparatus, or portable equipment for approximate values. Very exact values can be obtained by wet analysis in a chemical laboratory. Values for certain non-metallic elements such as carbon or sulphur are best obtained by infrared absorbtion.

General InformationTest MethodsWelding

408

Defect DetectionHydraulic Test · Pressure test using fluid (air, oil, water etc) to

detect cracks or holes.Ultrasonic Test · Ultrasound is passed through material and is

reflected by cracks and inclusions. Shear waves are used for angled propagation, to detect surface breaking flaws on the inside or the outside of the piece under test.Compression waves which are longitudinal waves are used to detect internal mid-wall flaws and measure wall thickness. The configuration of ultrasound probes must be chosen carefully to detect particular flaws. The acceptance criteria is defined in the appropriate product specification.

Eddy Current Test · A varying current is used to set up eddy currents in the material under test, and twin search coils are balanced. A defect disturbs this balance and is thus detected. The test finds surface breaking flaws on the outside surface.

Flux Leakage · A coil is used to set up a magnetic flux in the material under test. A defect distorts the flux field; the distortion is picked up by search coils. Defects can be detected on the external surface on the piece under test, and for pipes on the internal surface, the latter is effective only up to about 25mm wall thickness.

Magnetic Particle Inspection · A magnetic field is set up in the article under test and iron powder is sprayed on. In wet MPI the iron powder is in liquid suspension (water or kerosene); in dry MPI it is applied directly. The powder gathers at defects due to concentration of the field. Suitable contrast arrangements are required eg white background paint, fluorescent particles with an ultra-violet light detector. The test is good for surface breaking flaws.

Acoustic Emission · Defects such as cracks generate noise when stressed. This can be detected after stressing the material (eg by using a hydraulic pressure).

X Ray, Radiography · High energy electromagnetic radiation is passed through the test item onto a film plate. Defects show as darker areas on the film. Care is taken with test configuration to obtain meaningful results. The test is usually used to find flaws (eg inclusions, cracks) in welds.

Dye Penetrant · A liquid with low surface tension and viscosity is sprayed onto the surface under test. Excess liquid is cleaned off after a length of time. A developer is then applied which shows the presence of the original liquid, which has previously penetrated into any surface breaking cracks. This finds surface cracks and is useful on non-magnetic materials where MPI will not work eg austenitic stainless.

Welding MethodsERW · Electric Resistance Welding HFI · High Frequency Induction Welding.

An electric current is used to generate I2R heating at theedges of material to be welded and the edges are pressedtogether. In ERW the current is passed by contact, an HFI thecurrent is induces by coils.

Metal Arc · Manual or automatic. Coated electrodes are used with a core wire which is the filler metal.

SAW · Submerged Arc Welding.DSAW · Double Submerged Arc Welding.

An arc is formed between filler wire and workpiece, submerged under flux. Multi probe equipment is availableallowing several weld passes to be laid with one traverse ofthe welding head. When welding tubes, depending onthickness, there will be an inside pass followed by outsidepasses.

TIG · Tungsten Inert Gas. An arc is struck between a non-consumable Tungsten electrode (alloyed with Thorium) andthe work piece shielded with argon (usually with 5% heliumto increase energy transfer). The method can be with orwithout filler wire.

MIG · Metal Inert Gas. Similar to TIG accept the electrode is consumable and is the filler metal.

Plasma Arc · Similar to TIG except that the energy transmission is through a very high temperature ionised gas protectedwith a gas shield, allowing a narrow weld bead, good penetration and narrow root surface.

Electron Beam · Welding temperatures are generated using an electron beam focussed by an electro-magnetic lens in avacuum

409

NDE StandardsASTM A435 · Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel

PlatesASTM A577 · Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel

PlatesASTM A578 · Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain

and Clad Steel Plates for Special ApplicationsASTM E213 · Practise for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe

and Tubing ASTM E309 · Practise for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel

Tubular Products Using Magnetic saturationASTM E426 · Practise for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current)

Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products,Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys

ASTM E570 · Practise for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products

ASME VIII · Unfired Pressure Vessels. Paragraph UW-51 Radiography

SEL 072 · Ultrasonic Testing of Plates, Technical ConditionsSEP 1914 · Non-destructive Examination of Fusion Welded

Seams in Pipes of Stainless SteelsSEP 1915 · Ultrasonic Testing of Tubes of Heat Resisting Steels

for Longitudinal DefectsSEP 1916 · Non-destructive Examination of Fusion Welded

Seams in Long Distance Linepipe for Combustible Liquidsand Gases

SEP 1917 · Non-destructive Testing of Resistance Welded Pipe of Ferritic Steels

SEP 1918 · Ultrasonic Testing of Tubes of Heat Resisting Steels for Transverse Defects

SEP 1919 · Ultrasonic Testing of Tubes of Heat Resisting Steels for Laminations

SEP 1925 · Eddy Current Testing of Tubes for Leak TightnessISO 1027 · Radiographic image quality indicators for non-

destructive testing – Principles and identification.ISO 9303 · Seamless and welded (except submerged arc-

welded) steel tubes for pressure purposes – Full peripheralultrasonic testing for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

ISO 9304 · Seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for pressure purposes – Eddy currenttesting for the detection of imperfections.

ISO 9305 · Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Full peripheral ultrasonic testing for the detection of transverseimperfections.

ISO 9402 · Seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for pressure purposes – Full peripheralmagnetic trasnducer/flux leakage testing of ferromagneticsteel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

ISO 9598 · Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Full peripheral magnetic trasnducer/flux leakage testing of ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of transverseimperfections.

ISO 9764 · Electric resistance and induction welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Ultrasonic testing of the weld seamfor the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

ISO 9765 · Submerged arc-welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Ultrasonic testing of the weld seam for thedetection of longitudinal imperfections.

ISO 10124 · Seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for pressure purposes – Ultrasonic testingof the weld seam for the detection of laminar imperfections.

ISO 10543 · Seamless and hot stretch-reduced welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Full peripheral ultrasonicthickness testing.

ISO 11496 · Seamless and welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Ultrasonic testing of tube ends for the detectionof laminar imperfections.

ISO 12094 · Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Ultrasonic testing for the detection of laminar imperfectionsin strip/plates used in the manufacture of welded tubes.

ISO 12096 · Submerged arc-welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Radiographic testing of longitudinal and spiralwelds for the detection of imperfections.

ISO 13663 · Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Ultrasonic testing of the area adjacent to the weld seam forthe detection of laminar imperfections.

ISO 13664 · Magnetic particle inspection of tube ends of seamless and welded ferromagnetic steel tubes for thedetection of laminar imperfections.

ISO 13665 · Magnetic particle inspection of tube body of seamless and welded ferromagnetic steel tubes for thedetection of surface imperfections.

General InformationTest Methods

Welding

Heat Treatment

410

The following descriptions refer to aspects of the equilibriumdiagram below, eg A1, A3.Annealing · The steel is heated just above A3 in order to

absorb all of the carbon into solid solution to form austenite.The steel is allowed to cool slowly in the furnace, allowingphase changes to take place as shown on the equilibriumdiagram. This is for such purposes as reducing hardness,improving machinability, facilitating cold working, producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desiredmechanical, physical or other properties. When applicable,the following more specific terms should be used: blackannealing, blue annealing, box annealing, bright annealing,flame annealing, graphitising, intermediate annealing,isothermal annealing, malleabilising, process annealing,quench annealing, re-crystallisation annealling and spheroidising. When applied to ferrous alloys, the term’annealing’, without qualification, implies full annealing.When applied to non-ferrous alloys, the term ’annealing’implies a heat treatment designed to soften a cold workedstructure by re-crystallisation or subsequent grain growth orto soften an age-hardened alloy by causing a nearly complete precipitation of the second phase in relativelycoarse form. Any process of annealing will usually reducestresses, but if the treatment is applied for the sole purposeof such relief, it should be designated stress relieving.

Heat TreatmentThe structure of steel is one of the main parameters whichaffects physical properties. The structure is changed by the waythe metal is worked (ie the method of manufacturing) and theheat treatment.

The diagram below is the equilibrium diagram for carbon steel.This shows how the structure of steel changes, for any given carbon content, as it is heated. The different types of heat treatment are described refering to aspects of the equilibriumdiagram. Similar diagrams exist for other steels (carbon-manganese, low nickel, low alloy, high alloy, ferritic andaustenitic stainless).

Alloying elements affect the phases present in steel in threeways:• They can change the properties of ferrite by going into solid

solution in it. E.g. Si and Mn harden ferrite while Ni hardensand toughens.

• They can change the distribution of carbide in the ferritematrix. Mn and Cr refine the pearlite laminar spacing andenhance the proportion of pearlite in low carbon steel.

• They can combine with cementite to form complex carbides.Tu, V, Cr and Mo are strong carbide formers.

Alloys also slow up the rates of reaction of the phase changes inthe equilibrium diagram allowing certain phases to be frozen.Definitions follow and also see the glossary on page 417.

General Information

Simplified Equilibrium Diagram for Carbon Steel

900

800

700

600

723

T°C

Austenite

Ferrite and Austenite Austenite and Cementite

lower critical point

Ferrite and Perlite

0

Cementite and Perlite

1.00.80.60.40.2 % Carbon content

0.83

Perl

ite

Eute

cto

id

Acm

A3

A1

upper critical point

Ferrite

General InformationHeat Treatment

411

Heat Treatment (cont.)Full Annealing · Annealing a ferrous alloy by austenitising

and then cooling slowly through the transformation range.The austenitising temperature for hypo-eutectoid steel isusually above Ac3; and for hyper-eutectoid steel, usuallybetween Ac1 and Accm.

Sub-Critical Annealing · Steel is heated after cold working to just below A1. Re-crystallisation occurs and new crystalsare formed from the distorted, cold worked, crystals. Thissoftens steel by removing cold working stresses.

Isothermal Annealing · The same as annealing except that stricter control is applied to the cooling process by holdingmaterial for a fixed time at a lower temperature to ensurecomplete transformation.

Bright Annealing · By using a furnace with an inert atmosphere, no scale is formed and the resulting surface hasa bright finish.

Stress Relieving · Low temperature annealing for removing internal stresses due to work hardening or quenching.

Normalising · The steel is heated above A3 in order to absorb all of the carbon into solid solution to form austenite. Thesteel is withdrawn from the furnace and allowed to cool instill air. The rate of cooling is too fast to allow complete carbon diffusion, so small crystals of ferrite appear in morenumerous positions at the crystal boundaries and within theaustenitic crystals. A much finer crystal structure is producedsince the ferrite is formed not before, but at the same timeas the pearlite. The refining of the structure increases thehardness and the toughness of the steel giving improvedtensile and impact properties.

Quenching · Steel is heated above A3 and very rapidly cooled using water, oil or similar liquids. Cooling is so fast that notonly is the carbon prevented from diffusing but the entireprecipitation of carbon is suppressed and the carbon atomsare held in solid solution. This results in an unstable crystallattice structure known as martensite, which is intensely hardand brittle; in general practice steel cannot be used in thiscondition and is stress relieved or tempered to recover someductility.

Tempering · Steel is heated to below A1 and then cooled, usually in still air. The highly strained, distorted lattice ofmartensite breaks down, the structure changing into a ferritematrix containing a fine dispersion of cementite particles.The strength of this aggregate depends on the fineness ofthe particles, and higher tempering temperatures bringabout coarsening of the particles and rapid softening. Thetempering temperature can be used to ‘fine tune’ thestrength and ductility.

Full Hard Temper1 · (No.1 Temper) in low carbon sheet or strip steel, stiff andspringy, not suitable for bending in any direction. It is thehardest temper obtainable by hard cold rolling.2 · In stainless steel strip, tempers are based on minimumtensile or yield strength. For chromium-nickel grades fullhard temper is 185 ksi 1275 N/mm2 TS, 140 ksi 965 N/mm2

YS min. Term also used in connection with copper basealloys and considered synonymous with hard temper.

Austenitising · Forming austenite by heating a ferrous alloy into the transformation range (complete austenitising).

Controlled Atmosphere Furnace · A furnace used for bright annealing into which specially prepared gases areintroduced for the purpose of maintaining a neutral atmosphere so that no oxidising reaction between metaland atmosphere takes place.

Refining Temperature · A temperature, usually just higher than the transformation range, employed in the heat treatment of steel to refine the structure, in particular thegrain size.

Solution Treatment · Heating causes one or more of the alloying elements to go into solution. Quenching can thenbe used to retain the solution intact.

Stabilising Treatment · Heating austenitic stainless steels that contain titanium, niobium, columbium or tantalum to asuitable temperature below that of a full anneal in order toinactivate the maximum amount of carbon by precipitationas a carbide of titanium, niobium, columbium or tantalum.

Transformation Ranges · (Transformation Temperature Ranges) Those ranges of temperature within which austeniteforms during heating and transforms during cooling. Thetwo ranges are distinct, sometimes overlapping, but nevercoinciding. The limiting temperatures of the ranges dependon the composition of the alloy and on the rate of changeof temperature, particularly during cooling.

General InformationCoating and Protection

412

Coating and ProtectionThere is a large range of coatings and linings available to suit different service conditions. This handbook only gives an introduction to the general possibilities. Each situation must betechnically evaluated to allow for all environmental conditionsand fluid/gas conditions.Each type of coating has advantages and disadvantages for handling and placing in final location, and each has differentmethods of application.

Protective Coating• Oil and Varnish, short term protection (about 3 months).• Paints, oxide based, zinc rich, epoxy twin packs. Medium

term, up to 3 years depending on type and application.• Powder epoxy, long term.• Coal tar, bitumen, applied with glass fibre wrap: long term.• Polyethylene, Polypropylene, wrapped or extruded: long

term.• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wrapped or extruded:long term.• Various composite wrappings, eg cross laminated HDPE

backing with rubber modifed bitumen, petroleum jelly withinert filler or synthetic carrier: long term.

• Rubber, natural rubber, ebonite, polychloroprene (neoprene), butyl, nitrile, hypalon, EPDM: long term.

• Zinc or cadmium, galvanising or plating: long term.• Concrete, generally used as a lining: long term.• Fluoropolymers, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PFA

(perfluoro-alkoxy), FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene),PVDF (polyvinilidene(fluoride), PP (polypropylene copolymere), Teflon: long term

Thermal Insulation • Usually polyurethane resin inside a polyethylene, PVC or

steel sleeve.• Fibros lagging materials.

Multiple CoatingFor practical reasons many pipelines are coated with multiplesystems which combine corrosion resistance with mechanicalprotection for ease of handling and security when laying. Thereare various proprietary systems available, and a typical systemconsists of 400 microns FBE, 150 microns of adhesive and 3 mm ofpolypropelene. This system is applied sequentially in a plant withproduction parameters set to ensure full cure of FBE, completebonding of adheseive and uniform PP. Various systems are available for field joints.

Cladding Due to the strength and corrosion limitations of any one materialit is sometimes necessary to use high strenght carbon steel pipesinternally clad with materials such as stainless, incoloy or duplex.Various techniques are available for seamless and welded pipes.Although expensive, there can be large cost savings overall, andin some cases clad pipes are the only practical solution.

Weight CoatingSometimes marine pipelines need additional weight to ensurethat the line stays sunk when filled with oil or gas. This is providedby a thick concrete coating made of cement, iron one, sand and/or granite aggregates reinforced with an embedded wire mesh orrebar cage. This coating also provides good mechanical protection of the corrosion coated pipe. It can be applied overpractically any pipe coating: asphalt mastic, polyethylene/polypropelene, hot enamel, fusion bonded epoxy orpolyurethane insulated.• coating thicknesses from 25mm to 200mm or greater, in a

variety of densities.• protects corrosion coating from impact, abrasion and other

mechanical damage.• can be applied over corrosion and/or jacketed insulation

pipe coatings.• reinforcing galvanised wire in several mesh and gauge sizes

with single or multiple feed with embedded depth controlfor additional strenght and stability.

• no special handling problems when laying.• project specification of anode and buckle arrestors can be

met.

General InformationCoating and Protection

413

Coating and Protection (cont.)Applications and Testing of Coatings For long term coatings, the sequence is usually as follows:• Heat pipe above dew point• Shot blast surface to SA 2 1/2 or better and to a defined

profile• Apply coating system eg primer, topcoat; epoxy powder;

wrapping etc• Cure coating system• During coating perform Quality Control tests (wet film

thickness, adhesion, impact strength, elongation, cathodicdisbondment etc.).

• Holiday Test for breaks in coating eg pinholes, at an agreednumber of volts per micron

Cathodic ProtectionNormal corrosion of metals is an electrochemical phenomenonwhich can be arrested by passing controlled electric currentsthrough electrolytes such as soil or water.This cathodic protectioncurrent is applied using sacrificial anodes such as zinc, aluminium,magnesium and their alloys, or by an impressed current from atransformer-rectifier through an anode.The rate of corrosion willdepend on:

• the nature of the electrolyte• the type of metal in the structure• the presence of anodic and cathodic points on the structure• the quality of the coating on the structure• the presence of stray or imposed electric currents affecting

the structure

When designing a cathodic protection system the completestructure must be studied because where the subject structure isconnected to other immersed structures, they can act as cathodesand take essential current away from the structure.Values for potentials for various materials are listed eg BSI publication BS 7361, and these are used to calculate requiredcurrent densities. Sacrificial anodes are available in an almostendless range of shapes and sizes.A well planned system will stopcorrosion completely for the planned lifetime.

See also NACE standards RP 0169 for underground or submergedmetallic piping systems, RP 0675 for offshore steel pipelines andRP 0176 for fixed offshore platforms.

Choice of Long Term Coating/LiningMaterial

Characteristics Bitumen, tar Polyethylene Epoxy Powder Epoxy Resin Cement Rubber

Polypropylene Fusion Bonded

Surface Appearance average excellent excellent good average good

Possibility of bending average excellent excellent excellent average good

Impact Resistance good excellent good excellent good good

Temperature Resistance average good excellent good good good

Chemical Resistance average excellent excellent good - good

Performance in Time good excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent

Handling and Transportation average excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent

Outdoor Storage average excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent

Abrasion Resistance average excellent excellent good average excellent

General InformationCommon Alloying Elements in Steel

414

Common Alloying ElementsBy definition, steel is a combination of iron and carbon. Steel isalloyed with various elements to improve physical properties andto produce special properties, such as resistance to corrosion orheat.

Specific effects of the addition of such elements are outlinedbelow:

Al Melting point 660 °C (1220 °F) AluminiumIt is the strongest de-oxidiser and combines with nitrogen, thusreducing the susceptibility to strain ageing. In small additionsrestricts grain growth.As aluminium together with nitrogen (nitride) forms a high hardness, it is mostly an alloying element in ferritic heat resistingsteels. Because of the increase in the coercivity it is used as analloying element in iron-nickel-cobalt-aluminium permanentmagnet alloys.

B Melting point 2040 °C (3704 °F) BoronImproves the deep hardening of constructional steels and produces therefore an increase in the core hardness of casehardening steels. With boron austenitic 18/8 chrome-nickel steelcan achieve higher elastic limits by the process of precipitationhardening but the corrosion resistance is lowered. As boron hasa high neutron absorption cross-section, it is alloyed with steel forscreening from nuclear installation.

C CarbonCarbon is the foremost alloy element of steel and it has the farthest reaching influence on it. In addition to carbon everyunalloyed steel contains silicon, manganese, phosphorus andsulphur which are introduced unintentionally during the manufacture. The addition of further alloy elements to producespecific, desired effects and the intentional increase of the contents of manganese and silicon gives rise to alloy steel. As thecarbon content rises, the mechanical strength and the hardeningproperties of the steel improve, but its elasticity, forging, weldingand cutting properties suffer. The carbon content has substantially no influence at all on the corrosion resistance towater, acids and hot gases.

Co Melting point 1492 °C (2718 °F) CobaltDoes not form carbide. It hinders the grain growth at highertemperatures and greatly improves the resistance to temperingand the hot tensile strength; it is therefore, often an alloy elementof high speed steel, hot work steels, and heat resisting rawmaterials. It acts favourably on the graphitic formation, andgreatly increases residual mangnetism, coercive force, and thermal conductivity, therefore the alloy basis for high grade permanent magnet steels and alloys. If subjected to neutron raysit forms a strong radio-active Isotope Cobalt 60 for which reasonit is undesirable in steels for nuclear reactors.

Cr Melting point 1920 °C (3488 °F) ChromiumIncreases the hardness and strength and only minimally reducesthe elasticity. It improves the resistance to heat and non-scalingproperties. With higher chrome content the steels become corrosion resistant and with carbon forms a high wear resistingcarbide. The welding properties deteriorate in pure chromiumsteels with increasing chromium content. Chromium is a strongcarbide former. The tensile strength of the steel rises by 8-10 kg/mm2 per 1% chromium. The yield point is likewise increased,however not at the same rate, but the notch impact value islowered.

Cu Melting point 1083 °C (1981 °F) CopperSometime added in small quantities in certain circumstances foradded restistance to sour gas corrosion. Also used with somestructural steels for improved atmospheric corrosion resistance.Can be harmful for some workings eg in cold drawn tubes cancause surface breakup.

Mn Melting point 1244 °C (2271 °F) ManganeseManganese improves the strength properties of steel, while onlyslightly impairing its elasticity; furthermore, manganese has afavourable influence on the forging and welding properties. A higher content of manganese in the presence of carbonincreases the wear resistance very substantially.With up to 3% of Mn the tensile strength of the steels isincreased by about 10 kg/mm2 for every percent of Mn; with Mncontents above 3 to 8% the increase rises more slowly and atmore than 8% of Mn it drops off again. The yield point behavesin a similar manner. Manganese increases substantially the depthof hardening.

Mo Melting point 2610 °C (4730 °F) MolybdenumMolybdenum improves the tensile strength and especially theheat resistance and it has also a favourable influence on thewelding properties. Steel with a higher Mo content tends to bedifficult to forge. Molybdenum is frequently used in conjunctionwith chromium. The behaviour of molybdenum resembles that oftungsten. When used in alloy steels in combination with chromium and nickel, molybdenum may produce high yield pointand tensile strength values. Molybdenum has a strong tendencyto form carbide and is the alloy element of choice in high speedand hot working steels, in austenitic corrosion-resistant steels,case hardening and heat-treating steels as well as in heat resistantsteels, also in view of the diminuation to over-drawing brittleness.

General InformationCommon Alloying Elements in Steel

415

N Melting point -210 °C (-346 °F) NitrogenIn austenitic steels, nitrogen stabilises the structure, increases thehardness and especially the yield point as well as the mechanicalproperties at high temperature. Nitrogen allows the achievementof high surface hardness through nitride formation during nitriding. Nitrogen is harmful because of the lowering of toughness during the process of precipitation, the cause of ageintensitivity and blue brittleness, as well as the possibility ofreleasing inter-granular stress corrosion, in unalloyed steels.

Nb/CbMelting Point 1950 °C (3542 °F) Niobium/Columbium

Ta Melting point 2977 °C (5391 °F) TantalumNiobium and Columbium are different names for the same element.

These elements appear almost always together and are very difficult to separate from one another, so that they are usuallyalloyed together, mainly as stabilisers.

Ni Melting point 1453 °C (2809 °F) NickelNickel raises the strength of steel less than silicon or manganesedoes, with the elasticity dropping only insignificantly. Ni ensuresgood through hardening, especially so when the steel also contains chromium. Chrome nickel steels are stainless and resistant to scaling as well as heat resistant.Nickel does not impair the welding properties. Nickel increasesthe notch impact value of structural steels considerably, especiallyat low temperatures. In the sphere of steel alloying nickel isespecially suitable for use in austenitic steels, steels resistant tocorrosion and scaling and in case-hardening and heat treatingsteels to improve their toughness.

P Melting point 44 °C (111 °F) PhosphorusThere are various kinds of phosphorus, viz. white (yellow), red(purple), black phosphorus and others. Quite generally, phosphorus is considered to be detrimental to steel so that it isendeavoured to keep the P content steels at a maximum level of0.03 to 0.05%. Values of 0.015 max. are possible with modernstellmaking methods.

S Melting point 118 °C (244 °F) SulphurProduces “red shortness”, makes steel brittle and is thereforeharmful. Contents of 0.025% or 0.030% are permitted.Exceptions are the free machining steels to which up to 0.30%sulphur is added so that the small distributed sulphide inclusionsdisturb the metallic cohesion and therefore contribute to the formation of short turnings. Very low sulphur steels (< 0.005%,< 0.003%) are possible with modern steelmaking methods.

Si Melting point 1410 °C (2570 °F) SiliconLike manganese, silicon is present in all steels since the iron oresused in their manufacture contain a varying amount of it. Furthersilicon stemming from the refractory lining of the furnace isintroduced into the melt during the manufacturing of steel. Theterm “Silicon Steels”, however, includes only steels having a silicon content above 0.40%. Si is not a metal but rather a socalled metalloid, like, for example, phosphorus and sulphur.Silicon increases the mechanical strength, the resistance to scaling and the density; especially of cast steel. The elasticity isonly insignificantly affected, while the tensile strength isincreased by about 10kg/mm2 for each percent of Si and the yieldpoint is raised to a similar degree. Steel having a higher contentof silicon turns coarsely granular. A high silicon content (about14%) enables steel to resist chemical attacks but it can no longerbe forged.

Sn Melting point 232 °C (450 °F) TinNot an alloying element, but a trace element which can causeproblems eg hot-shortness when the amount present is aboveeven small concentrations (typically 0.05%). Used as a protectivecorrosion inhibitor eg tinplate.

Ti Melting point 1812 °C (3294 °F) TitaniumA very hard metal. Strong carbide former. Is an alloying elementmainly in stainless steels for the stabilising against inter-granularcorrosion; apart from this it has grain refining properties.

V Melting point 1730 °C (3146 °F) VanadiumA small addition improves the hot hardness and reduces the graingrowth. Vanadium acts especially favourably in structural andtool steels. In high speed steel increases the cutting properties.Vanadium is a strong carbide former. Increases the tensilestrength and yield point, especially, however, the hot hardnessproperties of the steels. Vanadium is preferred in combinationwith chromium in structural and heat resisiting steels and in combination with tungsten in high speed and hot work steels.

Tu Melting point 3380 °C (6116 °F) TungstenAlso known as Wolfram. Tungsten improves the strength properties: it substantially increases the hardness and the life ofcutting edges and is also responsible for high heat resistance values. Tungsten is therefore used as an alloy element for highspeed and heat treating steels. The tensile strength and yieldpoint values of the steel are increased by about 4 kg/mm2 forevery percent of Tu added. Tungsten has a very strong tendencyto form carbide and is primarily used in heat resistant steels sinceit renders them resistant to over-drawing and heat.

General InformationShipping

416

Delivery TermsWhenever possible goods should be delivered in accordancewith the latest available INCOTERMS.

Title Description Transport Method

EXW Ex Works Any mode of transport

FCA Free Carrier Any mode of transport

FAS Free Alongside Ship Sea/Waterway only

FOB Free On Board Sea/Waterway only

CFR Cost and Freight Sea/Waterway only

CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight Sea/Waterway only

CPT Carriage Paid to Any mode of transport

CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid to Any mode of transport

DAF Delivered At Frontier Any mode of transport

DES Delivered Ex Ship Sea/Waterway only

DEQ Delivered Ex Quay Sea/Waterway only

DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid Any mode of transport

DDP Delivered Duty Paid Any mode of transport

Bold typeface in the table are commonly used delivery terms.

Ex Works (EXW) · The seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available at his premises oranother named place (i.e. works, factory, warehouse etc). Inparticular he is not responsible for loading the goods an thevehicle provided by the buyer or for clearing the goods forexport, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer bears all costsand risks involved in taking the goods from the seller’spremises to the desired destination. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller. When thebuyer cannot carry out the export formalities directly or indirectly, the FCA term should be used.

Free Carrier (FCA) · The seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominatedby the buyer at the namedplace. It should be noted that the named place of deliveryhas an impact on the obligations of loading and unloadingthe goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the sellers premesis, the seller is responsible for loading. If deliveryoccurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible forunloading.

Free Alongside Ship (FAS) · The seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside thevessel on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment. The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss ofor damage to the goods from that moment. The FAS termrequires the seller to clear the goods for export. However, ifthe parties wish the buyer to clear the goods for export, thisshould be made clear by adding explicit wording to thiseffect in the contract of sale.

Free on Board (FOB) · The seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship’s rail at thenamed port of shipment. The buyer has to bear all costs andrisks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. TheFOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.When the ship’s rail serves no practical purpose, such as inthe case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic, it is moreappropriate to use the FCA term.

Free On Board, Stowed (FOB, Stowed) · Whilst not listed in Incoterms, this delivery term is often used. The seller fulfilshis obligation to deliver when the goods have passed overthe ship’s rail and have been lowered into the vessel. Thebuyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss or of damage tothe goods from that point. This term does not, unless otherwise agreed with the buyer, include Lashing, Securingand Dunnage (LSD’s). The FOB, Stowed term requires theseller to clear the goods for export.

Cost and Freight (CFR) · The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port ofdestination. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods, aswell as any additional costs occurring after the time thegoods have been delivered on board the vessel, is transferredfrom the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’srail in the port of shipment. The seller clears the goods forexport. When the ship’s rail serves no practical purpose, suchas in the case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic, it is moreappropriate to use the CPT term.

Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) · The seller has the same obligations as under CFR but with the addition that he hasto contract and procure marine insurance against the buyer’srisk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.The buyer should note that the seller is only required toobtain insurance on minimum coverage. The seller clears thegoods for export. When the ship’s rail serves no practicalpurposes such as in the case of roll-on/roll-off or containertraffic, it is more appropriate to use the CIP term.

Carriage Paid to (CPT) · The seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but must in addition pay the costof carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. The buyer bears all risks and any other costsoccurring after the goods have been so delivered. If subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreeddestination, the risk passes when the goods have beendelivered to the first carrier. The seller clears the goods forexport.

Carriage and Insurance Paid to (CIP) · As CPT with the addition that the seller has to procure insurance against thebuyers risk of loss or damage during the carriage, based onlyon minimum cover.

General InformationShipping

417

Delivered at Frontier (DAF) · The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arrivingmeans of transport not unloaded, cleared for export but notimport at the named place (which should be carefullydefined) on the frontier, but before the customs boarder.

Delivered Ex Ship (DES) · The seller delivers when the goodshave been made available to the buyer on board the ship notcleared for import at the named port. The seller has to bearall of the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods tothe named port of destination before discharging.

Delivered Ex Quay (DEQ) · The same as DES except theseller delivers to the quay.

Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) · The seller delivers when the goods have been made available at the named place inthe country of importation, not cleared for import and notunloaded. The seller has to bear the costs and risks involvedin bringing the goods thereto (excluding duties, taxes andother official charges payable upon importation as well asthe costs and risks of carrying out customs formalities). Thebuyer has to pay any additional costs and to bear any riskscaused by his failure to clear the goods for import in time. Ifthe parties wish the seller to carry out custom formalities andbear the costs and risks resulting therefrom or include in theseller’s obligations some of the costs payble upon importation of the goods (such as value added tax – VAT),this has to be made clear by adding words to this effect.

Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) · As DDU except that the sellerclears for import.This term should not be used if the seller isunable directly or indirectly to obtain the import licence.

Whilst EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller,DDP represents the maximum.

Shipping TermsOften shipping terms and freight rates and the abbreviationsused, can be confusing to those not regularly involved withthe arrangement of ocean going transportation. Below arelisted some of the more commonly used terms in shipping.

Free In · The goods are delivered to FOB Stowed, LSD. The freight rate does not include the costs of lashing, securingand necessary dunnage.

Liner In · The goods are delivered to FOB. The freight rate includes the costs of loading the goods from over the ship’srail, into the hold of the vessel as well as the lashing, securingand necessary dunnage.

Free Out · The freight rate does not include unloading of the goods at the port of destination.

Liner Out · The freight rate includes the unloading of the goods at the port of destination up to over the ship’s rail.

The above mentioned terms are usually combined todescribe the freight terms at both the port of shipment aswell as the port of destination.

Free In/Free Out (FIO) · Used mainly when chartering or part-chartering a vessel. The goods are delivered to FOB,stowed. Unloading at the port of destination is not included.

Free In/Liner Out (FILO) · Used mainly when chartering or part-chartering a vessel. The goods are delivered to FOB,stowed. Unloading at the port of destination is included upto over the ship’s rail.

Liner In/Free Out (LIFO) · Used mainly when chartering or part-chartering a vessel. The goods are delivered to FOB.Unloading at the port of destination is not included.

Full Liner Terms – Liner In/Liner Out (FLT) · This term is used for regular liner services. The goods are delivered toFOB. Loading and unloading are included up to over theship’s rail.

Lashing, Securing, Dunnage (LSD) · The goods must be properly lashed and secured prior to the vessel sailing and, inparticular, to the Master’s satisfaction. Dunnage is sometimes required, especially when shipping coated pipes.LSDs are often not included in any of the aforementionedterms and therefore, it is always important to determine forwhose account these costs are.

Shipping by ContainerThe terms listed below are used when shipping goods bycontainer.

Less Container Load (LCL) · The goods are delivered to the port of exit. The shipper stuffs the goods into the container,loads the container onto the ship, discharges the containerfrom the vessel at the port of destination and unloads thegoods from the container.

Full Container Load (FCL) · The shipper receives the already stuffed container, loads it onto the vessel at the port of exitand discharges the container at the port of destination.Stuffing and unloading of the container is not included in thefreight price.

General Information

418

RailNB Grade B Wall Thickness in/mm

0.375 0.500 0.594 1.000 0.811 1.250 1.500

in mm 9.5 12.7 15.1 20.6 25.4 31.8 38.1

16 406 10 15 19 29 39 55 74

18 457 8 12 15 23 31 44 58

20 508 7 10 12 19 25 35 46

24 609 5 7 9 13 18 25 32

30 762 3 5 6 9 12 16 21

36 914 2 3 4 6 8 11 14

40 1016 2 3 3 5 7 9 12

48 1219 1 2 2 3 5 6 8

Marine

NB Grade B Wall Thickness in/mm

0.375 0.500 0.594 1.000 0.811 1.250 1.500

in mm 9.5 12.7 15.1 20.6 25.4 31.8 38.1

16 406 86 114 136 186 229 286 344

18 457 68 90 107 147 181 226 271

20 508 55 73 86 119 146 183 220

24 609 38 51 60 82 102 127 153

30 762 24 32 39 53 65 81 98

36 914 17 22 27 36 45 56 68

40 1016 14 18 22 30 36 46 55

48 1219 9 12 15 20 25 32 38

Intermediate results can be extrapolated

1 Different numbers of bearing strips can be allowed for by dividingthe result in the table by 3 and multiplying the answer by thenumber of bearing strips. Bearing strips must be 4 inches wideminimum.

Grade X52 Wall Thickness in/mm

0.375 0.500 0.594 0.811 1.000 1.250 1.500

9.5 12.7 15.1 20.6 25.4 31.8 38.1

14 21 27 41 56 78 104

11 17 21 33 44 62 81

10 14 17 27 36 50 66

7 10 12 19 25 35 46

4 6 8 12 16 23 29

3 4 6 9 12 16 20

2 4 5 7 10 13 17

2 3 3 5 7 9 12

Grade X52 Wall Thickness in/mm

0.375 0.500 0.594 0.811 1.000 1.250 1.500

9.5 12.7 15.1 20.6 25.4 31.8 38.1

127 170 202 276 340 425 511

101 134 160 218 269 336 403

81 109 129 176 218 272 327

56 75 90 122 151 189 227

36 48 57 78 97 121 145

25 33 40 54 67 86 101

20 27 32 44 54 68 81

14 19 22 30 38 47 56

2 Where bearing strips are used, the values in the table should beadjusted by dividing by

3 If contoured bearing strips are used, the number of tiers can bedoubled.

Pipe Stacking

Stacking of PipesAPI RP 5 L 1 Railroad Transportation of Line PipeAPI RP 5 L 5 Marine Transportation of Line Pipe

These tables have been calculated using the parameters definedhere. Changes to these parameters can have a significant effecton the values in the tables.

Table of Tier Numbersassumes L = 40ftB = 3 (railroad)1, 3

B = 0 (marine) – pipe on flat surface2, 3

Railroad Transportation Marine Transportationg factor 1.5 g factor 0.4

σs = 0.2√D · loge = 0.426 · n + 1

n No. of tiers n No. of tiers

L Length of pipe (ft) L Length of Pipe (ft)

B No. of bearing strips 4” wide B No. of bearing strips

D Nominal OD of Pipe (in) D Nominal OD of pipe (in)

t Nominal wall thickness (in) W Width of bearing strips (ft)

σs 0.4 x yield strength below X52 t Nominal wall thickness (in)

0.3 x tensile strength X52 σs yield strength ÷ (1 + g factor)

and above

nL

t

D

t

D2

t

0.152 {L – BW)

B

D

2t( ) [ ]

0.152 (L – BW)

B[ +1]

General InformationGlossary of Terms

419

Glossary of termsAbrasion · The process of rubbing, grinding or wearing away

by friction.Acid-Brittleness · Brittleness resulting from pickling steel in

acid; hydrogen, released by the interaction between iron andacid, is partially absorbed by the metal, causing brittleness.

Acid-Process · A process of making steel, either Bessemer, open-hearth or electric, in which the furnace is lined with asiliceous refractory and for which low phosphorus pig iron isrequired as this element is not removed.

Activation · The changing of the passive surface of a metal to a chemically active state. Contrasts with passivation.

Age hardening · In a metal or alloy, a change in properties that generally occurs slowly at room temperature and morerapidly at higher temperatures, 500–900 °F. Hardness andstrength are increased and ductility generally lowered.Usually follows cold working.

Air Cooling · Cooling of the heated metal, intermediate in rapidity between slow furnace cooling and quenching, inwhich the metal is permitted to stand in the open air.

Air-Hardening Steel · A steel containing sufficient carbon and other alloying elements to harden fully during cooling inair or other gaseous mediums from a temperature above itstransformation range. The term should be restricted to steelsthat are capable of being hardened by cooling in air in fairlylarge sections, about 2 inches or more in diameter. Same asself-hardening steel.

AISI Steels · Steels of the American Iron and Steel Institute. Carbon and alloy steels have been numbered in a systemessentially the same as the SAE. The AISI system is moreelaborate than the SAE in that all numbers are preceded byletters:A represents basic open-hearth alloy steel,B acid Bessamer carbon steel, C basic open-hearth carbon steel, CB either acid Bessamer or basic open-hearth carbon steel, E electric furnace alloy steel.

Alloy Steel · Steel containing significant quantities of alloying elements (other than carbon and commonly acceptedamounts of manganese, silicon, sulphur and phosphorus)added to effect changes in the mechanical or physical properties.

Alpha Brass · A copper-zinc alloy containing up to 38% of zinc. Used mainly for cold working.

Alpha Bronze · A copper-tin alloy consisting of the alpha solid solution of tin in copper. Commercial forms contain 4 or 5%of tin. This alloy is used in coinage, springs, turbine blades,etc.

Alpha Iron · The polymorphic form of iron, stable below 1670 °F, has a body centred cubic lattice, and is magneticup to 1410 °F.

Aluminium Killed Steel · A steel where aluminium has been used as a de-oxidising agent.(See Killed Steel)

Amorphous · Non-crystalline.ANSI · American National Standards Institute.API · American Petroleum Institute.Artificial Ageing · An ageing treatment above room

temperature (See Age Hardening).ASME · American Society of Mechanical Engineers.ASTM · Abbreviation for American Society for Testing Material.

An organisation for issuing standard specifications on materials, including metals and alloys.

Atomic Hydrogen Welding · Arc welding with heat from an arc between two tungsten or other suitable electrodes in ahydrogen atmosphere. The use of pressure and filler metal isoptional.

Austenite · A solid solution of one or more elements in face-centred cubic iron.

Austenitic Steel · Steel which, because of the presence of alloying elements, such as manganese, nickel, chromium,etc., shows stability of austenite at normal temperatures.

Austenitising · see Heat Treatment on page 409.Bainite · A slender, needle-like (acicular) microstructure

appearing in spring steel strip characterised by toughnessand greater ductility than tempered martensite. Bainite is adecomposition product of austenite (see austenite) bestdeveloped at interrupted holding temperatures below thoseforming fine pearlite and above those giving martensite.

Banded Structure · Appearance of a metal, under a microscope or viewed by the naked eye, on fractured orsmoothed surfaces, with or without etching, showing parallel bands in the direction of rolling or working.

Basic Process · A steel making process either Bessemer, open hearth or electric, in which the furnace is lined with a basicrefractory. A slag, rich in lime, being formed and phospho-rus removed.

Basic Oxygen Process · A steel making process wherein oxygen of the highest purity is blown onto the surface of abath of molten iron contained in a basic lined and ladleshaped vessel. The melting cycle duration is short comparedwith other steelmaking processes.

Bauschinger Effect · Reduction of elastic yield in tension for a metal which was previously strained in compression.

Bend Radius · The inside radius of a bent section.Bend Test · A test for determining relative ductility of metal

that is to be formed, usually sheet strip, plate or wire and fordetermining soundness and toughness of metal. The specimen is usually bent over a specified diameter through aspecified angle for a specified number of cycles.

Bessemer Process · A process for making steel by blowing air through molten pig iron contained in a refractory lined vesselso as to remove, by oxidation, most of the carbon, silicon andmanganese. Now obsolete.

Billet · A solid semi-finished round or square product that has been hot worked by forging, rolling or extrusion. An iron orsteel billet has a minimum width or thickness of 1.1/2 in. andthe cross-sectional area varies from 2.1/4 to 36 sq. in. For


420

non-ferrous metals, it may also be a casting suitable for finished or semi-finished rolling or for extrusion.

Binary Alloy · An alloy containing two elements, apart from minor impurities, such as brass containing the two elementscopper and zinc.

Black Annealing · A process of box annealing or pot annealing ferrous alloy sheet, strip or wire after hot workingand pickling (See Heat Treatment on page 408).

Blast Furnace · A vertical shaft type smelting furnace in which an air blast is used, usually hot, for producing pig iron. Thefurnace is continuous in operation using iron ore, coke, andlimestone as raw materials which are charged at the topwhile the molten iron and slag are collected at the bottomand are tapped out at intervals.

Blister · A defect in metal produced by gas bubbles either on the surface or formed beneath the surface while the metal ishot or plastic. Very fine blisters are called “pin-head” or“pepper” blisters.

Bloom · A semi-finished hot rolled product, rectangular in crosssection, produced on a blooming mill. For iron and steel, thewidth is not more than twice the thickness, and the cross-sectional area is usually not less than 36 sq. in. Iron and steelblooms are sometimes made by forging.

Blowhole · A cavity produced during the solidification of metalby evolved gas, which in failing to escape is held in pockets.

Blue Brittleness · Reduced ductility occurring as a result of strain ageing, when certain ferrous alloys are workedbetween 300 and 700 °F. This phenomenon may beobserved at the working temperature or subsequently atlower temperatures.

Blueing1 · Sheets: A method of coating sheets with a thin, even filmof blueish-black oxide, obtained by exposure to an atmosphere of dry steam or air, at a temperature of about1000 °F, generally this is done during box annealing.2 · Blueing of tempered spring steel strip; an oxide film bluein colour produced by low temperature heating.

Body Centred · (concerning space lattice) Having equivalent lattice points at the corners of the unit cell, and at its centre;sometimes called centred, or space centred.

Brass-(Cartridge) Strip · 70% copper 30% zinc. This is one of the most widely used of the copper-zinc alloys; it is malleable and ductile; has excellent cold working, poor hotworking and poor machining properties; develops high tensile strength with cold working. Temper is imparted bycold rolling and classified in hardness by the number of B &S Gauges of rolling (reduction in thickness) from the previousannealing gauge. Rated excellent for soft-soldering; good forsilver alloy brazing of oxyacetylene welding and fair forresistance of carbon arc welding. Used for drawn cartridges,tubes, eyelet machine items, snap fasteners, etc.

Brazing · Joining metals by fusion of nonferrous alloys that have melting points above 800°F but lower than those of themetals being joined. This may be accomplished by means of

a torch (torch brazing), in a furnace (furnace brazing) or bydipping in a molten flux bath (dip or flux brazing). The fillermetal is ordinarily in rod form in torch brazing; whereas infurnace and dip brazing the work material is first assembledand the filler metal may then be applied as wire, washers,clips, bands, or may be integrally bonded, as in brazing sheet.

Bright Dip · An acid solution into which articles are dipped to obtain a clean, bright surface.

Brinell Hardness Test · A test for determining the hardness of a material by forcing a hard steel or carbide ball of specified diameter into it under a specified load.

Brittleness · A tendency to fracture without appreciable deformation.

Broaching · Multiple shaving, accomplished by pushing a tool with stepped cutting edges along the work, particularlythrough holes.

Bronze · Primarily an alloy of copper and tin, but the name is now applied to other alloys not containing tin; eg aluminiumbronze, manganese bronze, and beryllium bronze. For varieties and uses of tin bronze see Alpha-bronze andPhosphor-bronze.

Burning1 · Permanently damaging a metal or alloy by heating tocause either incipient melting or inter-granular oxidation (seeoverheating). 2 · In grinding getting the work hot enough to cause discolouration or to change the tempering or hardening.

Burnishing · Smoothing surfaces through frictional contact between the work and some hard pieces of material such ashardened metal balls.

Burr · A thin ridge or roughness left by a cutting operation such as in metal slitting, shearing, blanking or sawing.

Butt Welding · Joining two edges by placing one against the other and welding them.

Camber1 · Deviation from edge straightness usually referring to thegreatest deviation of side edge from a straight line. 2 · Sometimes used to denote crown in rolls where the centre diameter has been increased to compensate fordeflection caused by the rolling pressure.

Carbide · A compound of carbon with one or more metallic elements.

Carbon Steel · Steel containing carbon up to about 2% and only residual quantities of other elements except thoseadded for de-oxidation, with silicon usually limited to 0.60%and manganese to about 1.65%. Also termed ‘plain carbonsteel’, ‘ordinary steel’ and ‘straight carbon steel’. By custom,carbon steel has no minimum content required for aluminium, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum,nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or anyother element added to provide alloying effect. Small quantities of certain residual elements are considered incidental.


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Carburising · Introducing carbon into a solid ferrous alloy by holding above Ac1 in contact with a suitable carbonaceousmaterial, which may be a solid, liquid or gas. The carburisedalloy is usually quench hardened.

Case Hardening · Hardening a ferrous alloy so that the outer portion, or case, is made substantially harder than the innerportion, or core. Typical processes used for case hardeningare carburising, cyaniding, carbonitriding, nitriding, induction hardening and flame hardening.

Cast Steel · Any object made by pouring molten steel into moulds.

Cavitation · The formation and instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny voids or cavities within a liquid subjected torapid and intense pressure changes. Cavitation produced byultrasonic radiation is sometimes used to give violentlocalised agitation. If caused by severe turbulent flow it oftenleads to cavitation damage.

Cavitation Damage · Wearing away of metal through the formation and collapse of cavities in a liquid.

Cementite · A compound of iron and carbon known as “Iron Carbide”, which has the approximate chemical formulaFe3C containing 6.69% of carbon. Hard and brittle, it is thehard constituent of cast iron, and the normal form in whichcarbon is present in steel. It is magnetizable, but not asreadily as ferrite.

Chamfer1 · A bevelled surface to eliminate an otherwise sharp corner. 2 · Relieved angular cutting edge at a tooth corner.

Charpy Test · A pendulum-type single-blow impact test in which the specimen, usually notched, is supported at bothends as a simple beam and broken by a falling pendulum.The absorbed energy is a measure of impact strength ornotch toughness.

Chatter Marks (defect) · Parallel indentations or marks appearing at right angles to the edge of strip forming a pattern at close and regular intervals, caused by roll vibrations.

Check Analysis · An analysis of the metal after it has been rolled or forged into semi-finished of finished forms. It is nota check on the ladle analysis, but a check against the chemistry ordered.

Chipping · A method for removing seams and other surface defects with chisel or gouge so that such defects will not beworked into the finished product. Chipping is oftenemployed also to remove metal that is excessive but notdefective. Removal of defects by gas cutting is known as“de-seaming” or “scarfing”.

Circular Weld · Safe end weld. A weld extending around a girth seam. Such welds are sometimes butted, but frequentlyare scarfed.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion · A physical property representing the change in length per unit length, thechange in area per unit area or the change in volume per unit

volume per one degree increase in unit temperature. Theincrease in dimensions with a rise in temperature is reversedupon cooling.

Coils · Coiled flat sheet or strip metal usually in one continuous piece or length (see skelp).

Cold Drawing · A process in which tubing is drawn at room temperature through a die and, in most cases, over a mandrel, to achieve its final size and to provide better surfacefinish, closer tolerances, lighter walls, smaller diameters,longer lengths, or a different combination of mechanicalproperties from those possible through hot finishing.

Cold Reduced Strip · Metal strip, made from hot-rolled strip, by rolling on cold-reduction mills.

Cold Reduction · Reduction of metal size, usually by rolling or drawing, particularly thickness, while the metal is maintainedat room temperature or below the re-crystallisation temperature of the metal.

Cold Rolled Finish · Finish obtained by cold rolling plain pickled sheet or strip with a lubricant resulting in a relativelysmooth appearance.

Cold Rolling · Rolling metal at a temperature below the softening point of the metal to create strain hardening (workhardening). Same as cold reduction, except that the workingmethod is limited to rolling. Cold rolling changes themechanical properties of strip and produces certain usefulcombinations of hardness, strength, stiffness, ductility andother characteristics known as tempers.

Cold Short · The prevention of cold working of an alloy by the presence of a second phase precipitated within the grainboundaries of an essentially ductile matrix. The second phaseis the brittle component that prevents cold working.

Cold Sinking · Similar to cold drawing, except that the tube is drawn through a die, but without using a mandrel. Usuallyused for making only heavy wall or small tubing, wheredrawing over a mandrel is impractical. Only outside diameteris closely controlled.

Cold Working · Plastic deformation, such as rolling, hammering, etc., at a temperature sufficiently low to createstrain-hardening (work-hardening). Commonly, the termrefers to such deformation at normal temperatures.

Concentricity · A measure of the uniformity of tube wall thickness.

Conditioning · The removal of surface defects (seams, laps, pits, etc.) from steel. Conditioning is usually done when thesteel is in the semi-finished condition (blooms, billets, slabs,etc.). It may be accomplished after an inspection, by chipping, grinding, scarfing or machining.

Continuous Casting · A casting technique in which the ingot is continuously solidified while it is being poured, and thelength is not determined by mould dimensions.

Continuous Furnace · Furnace, in which the material being heated moves steadily through the furnace.

Continuous Pickling · Passing sheet or strip metal continuously through a series of pickling and washing tanks.

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Continuous Strip Mill · A series of synchronized rolling mill stands in which coiled flat rolled metal entering the first pass(or stand) moves in a straight line and is continuouslyreduced in thickness (not width) at each subsequent pass.The finished strip is recoiled upon leaving the final or finishing pass.

Converter · A furnace in which air is blown through the molten bath of crude metal or matter for the purpose of oxidisingimpurities.

Cooling Stresses · Stresses developed by uneven contraction or external constraint of metal during cooling; also thosestresses resulting from localised plastic deformation duringcooling, and retained.

Corrosion · Gradual chemical or electro-chemical attack on a metal by atmosphere, moisture or other agents.

Corrosion Embrittlement · The embrittlement caused in certain alloys by exposure to a corrosive environment. Suchmaterial is usually susceptible to the inter-granular type ofcorrosion attack.

Corrugated · As a defect. Alternate ridges and furrows. A series of deep short waves.

Creep · Time-dependent strain occurring under stress. The creep strain occurring at a diminishing rate is called primarycreep; that occurring at a minimum and almost constantrate, secondary creep; that occurring at an accelerating rate,tertiary creep.

Creep Limit1 · The maximum stress that will cause less than a specifiedquantity of creep in a given time. 2 · The maximum nominal stress under which the creepstrain rate decreases continuously with time under constantload and at constant temperature. Sometimes used synonymously with creep strength.

Creep Strength1 · The constant nominal stress that will cause a specifiedquantity of creep in a given time at constant temperature. 2 · The constant nominal stress that will cause a specifiedcreep rate at constant temperature.

Critical Points · Temperatures at which internal changes or transformations take place within a metal either on a risingor falling temperature (See Heat Treatmenton on page 408).

Critical Range · A temperature range in which an internal change takes place within a metal. Also termed transformation range.

Crop · The defective ends of a rolled or forged product which are cut off and discarded.

Cross Rolling · Rolling at an angle to the long dimension of the metal; usually done to increase width.

Crystal1 · A physically homogenous solid in which the atoms, ionsor molecules are arranged in a three-dimensional repetitivepattern.

2 · A coherent piece of matter, all parts of which have thesame anisotropic arrangement of atoms; in metals, usuallysynonymous with ”grain“ and ”crystallite“.

Crystalline · Composed of crystals.Crystallisation · The formation of crystals by the atoms

assuming definite positions in a crystal lattice. This is whathappens when a liquid metal solidifies (fatigue, the failure ofmetals under repeated stresses, is sometimes falsely attributed to crystallisation).

Cube-Centred · Metallography (concerning space lattices).Body centred cubic. Refers to crystal structure.

Cut Length · This term refers to tubing ordered to a specific length and permitting a tolerance of a standardised numberof millimeters over, but nothing under the pre-determinedlength.

De-burring · A method whereby the raw slit edge of metal is removed by rolling or filing.

De-carburisation · The loss of carbon from the surface of a ferrous alloy as a result of heating in a medium that reactswith the carbon at the surface.

Density · The mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed in the tubing industry as pounds per cubic inch orkilogrammes per cubic meter.

De-gassing (in steel making) · Removing gases from the molten metal by means of a vacuum process in combinationwith mechanical action.

Delta Iron · Allotropic modification of iron, stable above 2552 °F to melting point. It is of body-centred cubic crystalstructure. It is necessary to help prevent solidification cracksin austenitic stainless steel castings and welds. See ferrite.

De-oxidising · Removal of oxygen. In steel sheet, strip, and wire technology, the term refers to heat treatment in areducing atmosphere, to lessen the amount of scale (seeControlled Atmosphere Furnace on page 409).

Drawing1 · Forming recessed parts by forcing the plastic flow ofmetal in dies. 2 · Reducing the cross section of wire or tubing by pulling itthrough a die. 3 · A misnomer for tempering.

Ductility · The ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing, being measured by elongation or reduction ofarea in a tensile test, by height of cupping in an Erichsen testor by other means.

Dye Penetrant Inspection · Non-destructive inspection employing dye to detect minute defects.

Eccentricity · Variation of wall thickness in a given wall section.Eddy-Current Testing · Non-destructive testing method in

which eddy-current flow is induced in the test object.Changes in the flow caused by variations in the object arereflected into a nearby coil or coils for subsequent analysis bysuitable instrumentation and techniques.

Glossary of Terms

General Information

General Information

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Elastic Limit · The maximum stress to which a material may be subjected without any permanent strain remaining uponcomplete release of stress.

Electric Furnace Steel · Steel made in any furnace where heat is generated electrically, almost always by arc.

Electro-Cleaning · (Electrolytic brightening) An anodic treatment. A cleaning, polishing, or oxidising treatment inwhich the item is made the anode in a suitable electrolyte; aninert metal is used as cathode and a potential is applied.

Electro-Galvanising · Galvanising by electro-deposition of zinc on steel.

Electrolytic Tin Plate · Black Plate that has been tin plated on both sides with commercially pure tin by electro-deposition.

Electro-Plating · The production of a thin coating of one metal on another by electro-deposition. It is very extensivelyused in industry and is continuing to enlarge its useful functions. Various plated metals and combinations thereofare being used for different purposes.

Elongation · In tensile testing, the increase in the gauge length, usually expressed as a percentage of the originalgauge length.

Endurance Limit · Same as Fatigue Limit.Etching · In metallography, the process of revealing structural

details by the preferential attack of reagents on a metal surface.

Etch Test · Exposure of a specimen to acid attack for the purpose of disclosing the presence of foreign matter ordefects (segregation patterns or flow lines).

Eutectoid Steel · Steel representing the eutectoid composition of the iron-carbon system, with about 0,80 %to 0.83 % carbon, the eutectoid temperature being about1333 °F. Such steel in the annealed condition consists exclusively of pearlite. Steels with less than this quota of carbon are known as hypo-eutectoid and contain free ferrite in addition to the pearlite.When more carbon is present, the steel is known as hyper-eutectoid and contains free cementite. The presence of certain elements, such as nickel or chromium, lowers theeutectoid carbon content.

Extensometer · An apparatus for indicating the deformation of metal while it is subjected to stress.

Extrusion · Production process in which steel is forced by compression through a die and into solids (round or specialshapes) or through a die and over a mandrel to form a tubular shape.

Face Centred · (concerning cubic space lattices) Having equivalent points at the corners of the unit cell and at thecentres of its six faces. A face-centred cubic space lattice ischaracteristic of one of the close-packed arrangements ofequal hard spheres.

Fatigue · The phenomenon leading to fracture under repeated or fluctuating stresses having a maximum value less than thetensile strength of the material. Fatigue fractures are

progressive beginning as minute cracks that grow under theaction of the fluctuating stress.

Fatigue Life · The number of cycles of stress that can be sustained prior to failure for a stated test condition.

Fatigue Limit · The maximum stress below which a material can presumably endure an infinite number of stress cycles. Ifthe stress is not completely reversed, the value of the meanstress, the minimum stress or the stress ratio should be stated.

Fatigue Strength · The maximum stress that can be sustained for a specified number of cycles without failure, the stressbeing completely reversed within each cycle unless otherwisestated.

Ferrite · A solid solution of one or more elements in body-centred cubic iron. Unless otherwise designated (forinstance, as chromium ferrite), the solute is generallyassumed to be carbon. On some equilibrium diagrams thereare two ferrite regions separated by an austenite area. Thelower area is alpha ferrite; the upper, delta ferrite. If there isno designation alpha ferrite is assumed.

Ferritic Stainless Steel · Ferritic stainless steels are divided into two classifications: hardenable and non-hardenable.When rapidly cooled from elevated temperatures, the non-hardenable grades (usually referred to as ferritic) have a ferritic microstructure. The hardenable grades will assume amartensitic microstructure when cooled quickly from elevated temperatures and are sometimes called martensiticstainless steels.

Ferro-Alloy · An alloy of iron with a sufficient amount of some element or elements such as manganese, chromium, orvanadium for use as a means in adding these elements intomolten steel.

Ferro-Manganese · An alloy of iron and manganese (80% manganese) used in making additions of manganese to steelor cast iron.

Ferrous · Related to iron (derived from the Latin ‘ferrum’). Ferrous alloys are, therefore, iron based alloys.

Fiber or Fibre · Direction in which metals have been caused to flow, as by rolling, with microscopic evidence in the form offibrous appearance in the direction of flow.

Fibre Stress · Local stress through a small area (a point or line) on a section where the stress is not uniform, as in a beamunder a bending load.

Finish · In the steel industry, refers to the type of surface conditon desired or existing in the finished product.

Finish Machine Size · Normally specified in terms of the maximum machined O.D. and the minimum I.D. as appliedto tubular parts. Finish machine size represents the size ofthe part as it comes from the initial machining operation.From this size the tube mill can calculate a tube size whichwill be guaranteed to clean up upon machining.

Finishing Temperature · Temperature of final hot-working of a metal.

Glossary of Terms


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Flame Annealing · A process of heating the surface layer of an iron-base alloy above the transformation temperaturerange by means of the flame of a high temperature torch.This operation is followed by quenching.

Flanged End · In a flanged end tube, the tube wall has been belled or expanded until the wall of the tube end is at rightangles with the wall of the tube.

Flare Test · A test applied to tubing, involving a tapered expansion over a cone. Similar to pin expansion test.

Flash-in-Tubing · Welded tubing which retains the bead or flash formed during welding.

Flash Welding · A resistance butt welding process in which the weld is produced over the entire abutting surface bypressure and heat, the heat being produced by electric arcbetween the members being welded.

Foil · Metal in any width but no more than about 0.005” thick.Forging · Plastically deforming metal, usually hot, into desired

shapes with compressive force, with or without dies.Fracture Test · Breaking a specimen and examining the

fractured surface with the unaided eye or with a low-powermicroscope to determine such things as composition, grainsize, case depth, soundness, or presence of defects.

Free Machining · Pertains to the machining characteristics of an alloy to which an ingredient has been introduced to givesmall broken chips, lower power consumption, better surface finish and longer tool life; among such additions aresulphur or lead to steel, lead to brass, lead and bismuth toaluminium, sulphur or selenium to stainless steel.

Galling · The damaging of one or both metallic surfaces by removal of particles from localised areas due to seizure during sliding friction.

Galvanising · Coating steel with zinc and tin (principally zinc) for rust-proofing purposes. Formerly for the purpose of galvanising, cut length steel sheets were passed singlythrough a bath of the molten metal. Today’s galvanisingprocess method consists of uncoiling and passing the continuous length of successive coils either through a moltenbath of the metal termed Hot Dipped Galvanising or by continuously zinc coating the uncoiled sheet electrolyticallytermed Electro-Galvanising.

Gamma Iron · The term for iron stable between 1670 °F and 2550 °F and characterised by a face-centred cubic crystalstructure.

Grain · A solid poly-hedral (or many-sided crystal) consisting of groups of atoms bound together in a regular geometric pattern. In mill practice, grains are usually studied only asthey appear in one plane. 1 · (Direction of) Refers to grain fibre following the directionof rolling and parallel to edges of strip or sheets.2 · To bend across the grain is to bend at right angles to thedirection of rolling. 3 · To bend with the grain is to bend parallel to the directionof rolling. In steel, the ductility in the direction of rolling isalmost twice that at right angles to the direction of rolling

unless special action is taken with chemistry and grain sizeand shape.

Grain Boundary · Bounding surface between crystals. When alloys yield new phases (as in cooling), grain boundaries arethe preferred location for the appearance of the new phase.Certain deteriorations, such as season cracking and causticembrittlement, occur almost exclusively at grain boundaries.

Grain Growth · An increase in metallic crystal size as annealing temperature is raised; growth occurs by invasionof crystal areas by other crystals.

Grain Size · For metals, a measure of the areas or volumes of grains in a poly-crystalline material, usually expressed as anaverage when the individual sizes are fairly uniform. Grainsizes are reported in terms of grains per unit area or volume,average diameter, or as a grain size number derived fromarea measurements.

Granular Fracture · A type of irregular surface produced when metal is broken, that is characterised by a rough, grainlike appearance as differentiated from a smooth, silky, orfibrous type. It can be sub-classified into trans-granular andinter-granular forms. This type of fracture is frequently calledcrystalline fracture, but the inference that the metal hascrystallised is not justified.

Granulated · A coarse grain or pebbly surface condition which becomes evident during drawing. See to Orange Peel.

Graphitising · A heating and cooling process by which the combined carbon in cast iron or steel is transformed, whollyor partly, to graphitic or free carbon.

Grinding Cracks · Shallow cracks formed in the surface of relatively hard materials because of excessive grinding heator the high sensitivity of the material.

Hardenability · In a ferrous alloy the property that determines the depth and distribution of hardness induced by quenching.

Hardening · Inceasing the hardness by suitable treatment, usually involving heating and cooling.

Hardness · The degree of resistance of a material to plastic deformation, usually determined by measuring resistance topenetration.

Heat-Affected-Zone · That portion of the base metal which was not melted during brazing, cutting or welding, butwhose microstructure and physical properties were alteredby the heat.

Heat of Steel · The product of a single melting operation in a furnace, starting with the charging of raw materials andending with the tapping of molten metal and consequentlyidentical in its characteristics.

Homogenising · Holding at high temperature to eliminate or decrease chemical segregation by diffusion.

Honing · Removing stock generally on the internal cylindrical surface of a workpiece with an abrasive stick mounted in aholder.


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Hooke’s Law · Stress is proportional to strain in the elastic range. The value of the stress at which a material ceases toobey Hooke’s Law is known as the elastic limit.

Hot Dip · In steel mill practice, a process whereby ferrous alloy base metals are dipped into molten metal usually zinc or tinfor the purpose of fixing a rust resistant coating.

Hot Finished Tubing · A product obtained by forging a hollow from a solid by means of rotary piercing, extrudingcentrifugal casting or other hot forming operations.

Hot Shortness · Brittleness in metal in the hot forming range.Hot Working · Plastic deformation of metal at a temperature

sufficiently high not to create strain hardening. The lowerlimit of temperature for this process is the re-crystallisationtemperature.

Hydrogen Embrittlement · A condition of low ductility resulting from hydrogen absorption and internal pressuredeveloped subsequently. The sources of hydrogen arenumerous, eg welding, corrosion in acid service or sourhydrocarbon service, over protection in CP systems.

Hyper-Eutectoid Steel · A steel having more than the eutectoid percentage of carbon (see Eutectoid Steel).

Hypo-Eutectoid Steel · Steel with less than the eutectoid percentage of carbon (see Eutectoid Steel).

Impact Energy · (Impact Value) The amount of energy required to fracture a material, usually measured by meansof an izod or charpy test. The type of specimen and testingconditions affect the values and therefore should be specified.

Impact Test · A test to determine the behaviour of materials when subjected to high rates of loading, usually in bending,tension or torsion. The quality measured is the energyabsorbed in breaking the specimen by a single blow, as inthe charpy or izod tests.

Inclusions · Non-metallic materials in a solid metallic matrix.Indentation Hardness · The resistance of a material to

indentation. This is the usual type of hardness test, in whicha pointed or rounded indenter is pressed into a surface undera static load.

Induction Hardening · Quench hardening in which the heat is generated by electrical induction.

Induction Heating · A process of heating by electricalinduction.

Inert-Gas Shielded-Arc Welding · Arc welding in an inert gas such as argon or helium.

Ingot · Steel formerly in a molten state, transferred to an ingot mould to solidify. After solidification, the resulting shape iscalled an ingot.

Inhibitor · A substance which retards some specific chemical reaction. Pickling inhibitors retard the dissolution of metalwithout hindering the removal of scale from steel.

Iron · (Chemical symbol Fe) Element No. 26 of the periodic table. Atomic weight 55.85. A magnetic silver-white metal ofhigh tensile strength, ductile and malleable. Melting point ofpure iron about 2795 °F. Chemically, iron is chiefly base

forming. The principal forms of commercial iron are steel,cast iron and wrought iron.

Killed Steel · The term “killed” indicates that the steel has been sufficiently de-oxidised to quiet the molten metal whenpoured into the ingot mould. The general practice is to usealuminium ferro-silicon or manganese as de-oxidisingagents. A properly killed steel has a more uniform analysisand is comparatively free from ageing. However, for thesame carbon and manganese content, killed steel is harderthan rimmed steel. In general, all steels above 0.25% carbonare killed, also all forging grades, structural steels from0.15% to 0.25% carbon and some special steels in the lowcarbon range.

Kürvers Piping · A group of eccentric individuals with sound financial backing and detailed world wide knowledge ofpiping materials and manufacturers, who work tirelessly tosatisfy the piping needs of customers.

Ladle · A large vessel into which molten metal or molten slag is received and handled. Molten metal may be transportedshort distances by carrying it in a ladle.

Ladle Analysis · The term applied to the chemical analysis representative of a heat or blow of steel and is the analysisreported to the purchaser. It is determined by analyzing (forsuch elements as have been specified) a test ingot sampleobtained from various points of the heat or blow during thepouring of the steel from the ladle.

Lamination · A defect appearing in sheets or strips as a segregation or in layers. To become divided, caused by gaspockets in the ingot.

Lap · A surface defect appearing as a seam, caused by folding over hot metal, fins or sharp corners and the rolling or forging them into the surface, but not welding them.

Lap-Weld · A term applied to a weld formed by lapping two pieces of metal and then pressing or hammering, andapplied particularly to the longitudinal joint produced bywelding process for tubes or pipe, in which the edges of theskelp are bevelled or scarfed so that when they are overlapped they can be welded together.

Lattice · Space lattice. Lattice lines and lattice planes are lines and planes chosen so as to pass through collinear latticepoints, and non-collinear lattice points, respectively.

Levelling · Flattening rolled metal sheet or strip (See Roller Levelling).

Longitudinal Direction · The principal direction of flow in a worked metal.

Machinability · The relative ease of machining a metal.Machining · In general,the cutting away of the surface of a

metal by means of power driven machinery. Specifically, amethod of conditioning steel by machining away the surface.

Macro-Etch · Etching of a metal surface for accentuation of gross structural details and defects for observation by theunaided eye or at magnifications not exceeding ten.


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Macrostructure · The structure of metals as revealed by examination of the etched surface of a polished specimen ata magnification not exceeding ten.

Magnetic, Non-Magnetic · A material is magnetic when it is capable of being attracted by a magnet. Ferritic and martensitic stainless exhibit this capability, but in austeniticgrades it is normally so low that they are considered non-magnetic.

Malleability · The property that determines the ease of deforming a metal when the metal is subjected to rolling orhammering. The more malleable metals can be hammered orrolled into thin sheet more easily than others.

Mandrel1 · A rod used to retain the hollow cavity in metal productsduring working. 2 · A metal bar around which other metals may be cast,bent, formed or shaped.

Martensite · A distinctive, needle-like structure existing in steel as a transition stage in the transformation of austenite. It isthe hardest constituent of steel of eutectoid composition. Itis produced by rapid cooling from quenching temperatureand is the chief constituent of hardened carbon tool steels.Martensite is magnetic (See also Ferritic Stainless Steel).

Matrix · The principal phase in which another constituent is embedded.

Mechanical Properties · The properties of a material that reveal its elastic and inelastic behaviour where force isapplied, thereby indicating its suitability for mechanicalapplications; for example, modulus of elasticity, tensilestrength, elongation, hardness, and fatigue limit.

Mechanical Tubing · Used for a variety of mechanical and structural purposes, as opposed to pressure tubing which isused to contain or conduct fluids under pressure. It may behot finished or cold drawn. It is commonly manufactured toconsumer specifications covering chemical analysis, mechanical properties, and often to special dimensional tolerances.

Mechanical Working · Subjecting metal to pressure exerted by rolls, presses, hammers or dies to change its form, or toaffect the structure and, therefore, the mechanical properties.

Medium Carbon Steel · Contains from 0.30% to 0.60% carbon and less than 1.00% manganese. May be made byany of the standard processes.

Melting Range · The range of temperature in which an alloy melts; that is the range between solid and liquid temperatures.

Metallography · The science concerning the constituents and structure of metals and alloys as revealed by the microscope.

Metallurgy · The science which deals with the extraction of metals from their ores and the adaptation and application ofthe metals to the uses for which they are intended.

Microstructure · The structure of polished and etched metal and alloy specimens as revealed by the microscope.

Mill Finish · A surface finish produced on sheet and plate. Characteristic of the ground finish used on the rolls in fabrication.

Modulus of Elasticity · The ratio of stress to strain within the perfectly elastic range. (See also Youngs Modulus).

Multiple Lengths · A piece of pipe consisting of a combination of two or more unit lengths as designated by acustomer.

Natural Ageing · Spontaneous ageing of a supersaturated solid solution at room temperature.

Nitric Acid Test · A prolonged exposure of specimens to nitric acid under closely controlled conditions to determine relativeresistance to attack by nitric acid in service. The tests give noinformation relevant to performance in contact with othercorrosive media.

Nitriding · A process of surface hardening certain types of steelby heating in ammonia gas at about 935-1000 °F, theincrease in hardness being the result of surface nitride formation. Certain alloying constituents, principal amongthem being aluminium, greatly facilitate the hardening reaction. In general, the depth of the case is less than withcarburising.

Nitriding Steel · Steel which is particularly suited for the nitriding process, that is, it will form a very hard and adherent surface upon proper nitriding (heating in a partiallydissociated atmosphere of ammonia gas). Composition usually 0.20-0.40% carbon, 0.90-1.50% chromium, 0.15-1.00% molybdenum, and 0.85-1.20% aluminium.

Non-Ferrous Metals · Metals or alloys that are free of iron or comparatively so.

Non-Metallic Inclusions · Impurities (commonly oxides), sulphides, silicates or similar substances held in metalsmechanically during solidification or formed by reactions inthe solid state.

Oil Hardening · A process of hardening a ferrous alloy of suitable composition by heating within or above the transformation range and quenching in oil.

Oil Hardening Steel · Steel adaptable to hardening by heat treatment and quenching in oil.

Open-Hearth Furnace · A reverberatory melting furnace with a shallow hearth and a low roof. The flame passes over thecharge in the hearth, causing the charge to be heated bothby direct flame and radiation from the roof and side walls ofthe furnace. In ferrous industry, the furnace is regenerative.Now obsolete.

Orange Peel · A pebble-grained surface which develops in forming of metals having coarse grains.

Ore · A mineral from which metal is (or may be) extracted.Orientation · (Crystal) Arrangement of certain crystal axes or

crystal planes in a poly-crystalline aggregate with respect toa given direction or plane. If there is any tendency for onearrangement to predominate, it is known as the preferredorientation; in the absence of any such preference, randomorientation exists.


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Overheating · Heating a metal or alloy to such a high temperature that its properties are impaired. When the original properties cannot be restored by further heat treating, the overheating is known as burning.

Oxidation · The addition of oxygen to a compound.Exposure to atmosphere sometimes results in oxidation ofthe exposed surface, hence a staining or discolouration. Thiseffect is increased with temperature increase.

Oxide · Compound of oxygen with another element.Oxygen Lance ·A length of pipe used to convey oxygen onto

a bath of molten metal.Pass · The term given to a single passage of a tube or piece of

steel through a roll stand or a drawing die.Passivation · The changing of the chemically active surface of

a metal to a much less reactive state. Contrast with activation.

Pearlite · Lammellar structure resembling mother of pearl. A compound of iron and carbon occurring in steel as a result ofthe transformation of austenite into aggregations of ferriteand iron carbide.

Permanent Set · Non-elastic or plastic deformation of metal under stress, after passing the elastic limit.

Phosphor Bronze · Copper base alloy, with 3.5 to 10% of tin, to which has been added in the molten state phosphorus invarying amounts of less than 1% for de-oxidising andstrengthening purposes. Because of excellent toughness,strength, fine grain, resistance to fatigue and wear, andchemical resistance, these alloys find general use as springsand in making fittings. It has corrosion resisting propertiescomparable to copper.

Photo-Micrograph · A photographic reproduction of any object magnified more than ten times. The term micrographmay be used.

Physical Properties · The properties, other than mechanical properties, that pertain to the physics of a material; forexample, density, electrical conductivity, heat conductivity,thermal expansion.

Pickling · Removing surface oxides from metals by chemical or electrochemical reaction.

Pig Iron · Iron produced by reduction of iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron contains approximately 92% iron and about3.5% carbon. The balance is largely made up of silicone andmanganese with small percentages of phosphorus, sulphur,and other impurities.

Pin Expansion Test · A test determining the ability of tubes to be expanded or for revealing the presence of cracks or otherlongitudinal weaknesses, made by forcing a tapered pin intothe open end of a tube.

Pinholes · Microscopic imperfections of coatings, that is, microscopic bare spots, also a microscopic hole penetratingthrough a layer or thickness of light gauge metal.

Pipe (defect) · Contraction cavity, essentially cone-like in shape, which occurs in the approximate centre, at the top

and reaching down into a casting; caused by the shrinkageof cast metal.

Pit (defect) · A sharp depression in the surface of the metal.Pitting · Forming small sharp cavities in a metal surface by non-

uniform electro-deposition or by corrosion.Plasticity · The ability of a metal to be deformed extensively

without rupture.Plating · A thin coating of metal laid on another metal. (See

Electro-Plating and Galvanising).Polished Surface · (Buffed surface) The finish obtained by

buffing with rouge or similar fine abrasive, resulting in a highgloss or polish.

Polymorphism · The ability of a material to exist in more than one crystallographic structure. Numerous metals change incrystallographic structure at transformation temperaturesduring heating or cooling. If the change is reversible, it isallotropy. The allotropy of iron, particularly the changesbetween the alpha body-centred and the gamma face-centred form, is of fundamental importance with the hardening of steel.

Post Weld Heat Treatment · Heating weldments immediately after welding, for tempering, for stress relieving,or for providing a controlled rate of cooling to prevent formation of a hard or brittle structure.

Pouring · The transfer of molten metal from the ladle into ingot moulds or other types of moulds; for example, in castings.

Powder Metallurgy · The art of producing metal powders and of utilising metal powders for the production of massivematerials and shaped objects.

Precipitation Hardening · Hardening caused by the precipitation of a constituent from a super-saturated solidsolution.

Pre-Heating · A general term used to describe heating applied as a preliminary to some further thermal or mechanicaltreatment, often applied prior to welding to prevent cracking.

Process Annealing · In the sheet and wire industries, heating a ferrous alloy to a temperature close to, but below, thelower limit of the transformation range and then cooling, inorder to soften the alloy for further cold working.

Progressive Ageing · An ageing process in which the temperature of the alloy is continuously increased during theageing cycle. The temperature may be increased in steps orby any other progressive method.

Proof Stress · The load per unit area of the original cross-sectional area, which when removed, has caused a permanent elongation not exceeding a defined amount(usually 0.2% of gauge length).

Proportional Limit · The greatest stress that the material is capable of sustaining without a deviation from the law ofproportionality of stress to strain (Hooke’s Law).

Pyrometer · An instrument of any of the various types used for measuring temperatures.


428

Radiography · A non-destructive method of internal examination in which metal objects are exposed to a beamof X-ray or gamma radiation. Differences in thickness, density or absorption, caused by internal defects or inclusions, are apparent in the shadow image either on afluorescent screen or on photographic film placed behind theobject.

Re-Crystallisation 1 · The change from one crystal structure to another, asoccurs on heating or cooling through a critical temperature. 2 · The formation of a new, strain-free grain structure fromthat existing in cold worked metal, usually accomplished byheating.

Re-Crystallisation Temperature · The approximate minimum temperature at which complete re-crystallisationof a cold worked metal occurs within a specified time.

Reduction of Area1 · Commonly, the difference, expressed as a percentage oforiginal cross-sectional area of a tensile test specimen andthe minimum cross-sectional area measured after completeseparation. 2 · The difference, expressed as a percentage of originalarea, between original cross-sectional area and that afterstraining the specimen.

Refractory · A heat-resistant material, usually non-metallic, which is used for furnace lining and similar.

Residual Stress · Macroscopic stresses that are set up within a metal as the result of non-uniform plastic deformation. Thisdeformation may be caused by cold working or by drasticgradients of temperature from quenching to welding.

Residuals · “Incidental” or “tramp“ elements not named in a specification. These elements are present in small quantitiesin the raw materials from which the steel is made and are notremoved during the refining process.

Resilience · The tendency of a material to return to its original shape after the removal of a stress that has produced elasticstrain.

Resistance Welding · A type of welding process in which the work pieces are heated by the passage of an electric currentthrough the contact. Such processes include spot welding,seam or line welding and percussion welding. Flash and buttwelding are sometimes considered as resistance weldingprocesses (See Weldingon on page 406).

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Rimmed Steel · Low carbon steel in which incomplete de-oxidation permits the metal to remain liquid at the top of theingot, resulting in the formation of a bottom and side rim ofconsiderable thickness. The rim is of somewhat purer composition than the original metal poured. If the rimmingaction is stopped shortly after pouring of the ingot is completed, the metal is known as capped steel.For the samecarbon and manganese content rimmed steel is softer thankilled steel.

Ripple (defect) · A slight transverse wave or shadow mark appearing at intervals along the piece.

Rockwell Hardness (Test) · A standard method for measuring the hardness of metals. The hardness is expressedas a number related to the depth of residual penetration of asteel ball or diamond cone (“brale”) after a minor load of10 kilograms has been applied to hold the penetration inposition. This residual penetration is automatically registeredon a dial when the major load is removed from the penetrator. Various dial readings combined with differentmajor loads, give “scales” designated by letters varying from“A” to “H”; the “B” and “C” scales are most commonly inuse.

Rolled in Scale · A surface defect consisting of scale partially rolled into the surface of the sheet.

Roller Levelling · Passing sheet or strip metal through a series of staggered small rolls so as to flatten the metal. Thismethod is relatively ineffective in removing defects such asbuckles, wavy edges, corrugations, twists, etc., or from steelin the higher hardness ranges.

Rolling · A term applied to the operation of shaping and reducing metal in thickness by passing it between rolls whichcompress, shape and lengthen it following the roll pattern.

Rolling Direction · (In rolled metal) The direction, in the plane of the plate, sheet or pipe, perpendicular to the axes of therolls during rolling.

Rolling Mills · Equipment used for rolling down metal to a smaller size or to a given shape employing sets of rolls, thecontours of which determine or fashion the product intonumerous intermediate and final shapes, e.g., blooms, slabs,rails, bars, rods, sections, plates, sheets, strip and pipe.

Rough Machining · Machining without regard to finish, usually to be followed by a subsequent operation.

SAE · Abbreviation for Society of Automotive Engineers. This organisation has specified carbon and alloy steels and copperbase alloys in accordance with a numerical index systemallowing approximation of the composition of the metal. Thelast two digits always indicate the carbon content, usuallywithin 0.05. (See AISI-SAE specifications).

Salt Spray Test · An accelerated corrosion test in which the metal specimens are exposed to a fine mist of salt watersolution either continuously or intermittently.

Scab · (Scabby) A blemish caused on a casting by eruption of gas from the mould surface, or by uneven mould surfaces; oroccurring where the skin from a blowhole has partly burnedaway and is not welded.

Scaling · Forming a thick layer of oxidation products on metals at high temperatures.

Scarfing · Cutting surface areas of metal objects, ordinarily by using a gas torch. The operation permits surface defects tobe cut from ingots, billets, or the edges of plate that are tobe bevelled for butt welding (See Chipping).

Scleroscope Hardness (Test) · A method for measuring the hardness of metals; a diamond-pointed hammer drops from


429

a fixed distance through a tube onto the smoothed metalsurface and the rebound measured. The scleroscope hardness value is empirically taken from the rebound distance, with a specified high carbon steel as 100.

Scrap · Material unsuitable for direct use but usable for reprocessing by re-melting.

Seam (defect) · On the surface of metal a crack that has been closed but not welded; usually produced by some defecteither in casting or in working, such as blowholes that havebecome oxidised or folds and laps that have been formedduring working. Similar to cold shut and laminations.

Seam Welding · An electric-resistance type of welding process, in which the lapped sheet is passed between electrodes of the roller type while a series of overlapping spotwelds is made by the intermittent application of electric current (See Welding on page 406).

Secondary Hardening · Tempering alloy steels at certain temperatures so that the resulting hardness is greater thanthat obtained by tempering the steel at some lower temperature for the same time.

Seconds · The designation given to sheet strip or tube that has imperfections in moderate degree or extent, which may beclassified in two general groups imperfections in the basematerial, or other manufacturing defects. This term is notused in connection with non-ferrous alloys.

Segregation · In an alloy, concentration of alloying elements at specific regions, usually as a result of the primary crystallisation of one phase with the subsequent concentration of other elements in the remaining liquid.

Self-Hardening Steel · A steel containing sufficient carbon or alloying element, or both, to form martensite either throughair hardening or, as in welding and induction hardening,through rapid removal of heat from a locally heated portionby conduction into the surrounding cold metal (See also Air-Hardening Steel).

Semi-finished Steel · Steel in the form of billets, blooms, etc., requiring further working before completion into finished steel ready for marketing.

Semi-killed Steel · Steel incompletely deoxidised, to permit evolution of sufficient carbon monoxide to offset solidification shrinkage.

Shot Blasting · Cleaning surface of metal by air blast, using metal shot as an abrasive. Also called Sand Blasting.

Shrinkage Cavity · A void left in cast metals as a result of solidification shrinkage and the progressive freezing of metaltowards the centre.

Shortness · A form of brittleness in metal. It is designated as ‘cold’, ‘hot’ and ‘red’ to indicate the temperature range inwhich the brittleness occurs.

Sintered Carbide · Composite, containing carbides of extremely refractory metals, such as tungsten, tantalum,titanium, etc., cemented together by a relatively low-meltingmetal, such as cobalt acting as a matrix.

Sintering · Converting powder into a continuous mass by heating to a temperature considerably below fusion, usuallyafter preliminary compacting by pressure.

Skelp · A plate of steel from which pipe is made. This is done byrolling the skelp longitudinally into shape, and welding theedges together. Most commonly refers to furnace weld pipethan to electric weld pipe or tubing (See Coil).

Skin · A thin surface layer that is different from the main mass of a metal object, in composition, structure or other characteristics.

Slag · A product resulting from the action of a flux on the non-metallic constituents of a processed ore, or on the oxidisedmetallic constituents that are undesirable. Usually slags consist of acid oxides with basic oxides, and neutral oxidesre-added to aid fusibility.

Slitting · Cutting sheet or strip metal to width by rotary slitters.Sliver (defect) · Loose metal piece rolled down onto the

surface of the metal during the rolling operations.Soaking · Prolonged heating of metal at selected temperature.Sorbite · Structure of steel, resulting from the tempering of

martensite. In a truly sorbitic structure, the cementite iscompletely dispersed in the matrix. This structure is calledtempered martensite.

Sorbitic Pearlite · Structure of steel resulting on cooling under the proper conditions, from the decomposition ofaustenite; has a fine, lamellar appearance.

Space-Centred · (Concerning space lattices) See Body-centred.Space Lattice (crystal) · A system of equivalent points

formed by the intersections of three sets of planes parallel topairs of principal axes; the space lattice may be thought of asformed by the corners of the unit cells.

Special Straightness · When material is desired to closer than standard straightness tolerances, it may be ordered tospecial straightness. Such straightening is done by machineryand may result in increased surface hardness in localisedareas of the steel.

Specific Gravity · A numerical value representing the weight of a given substance as compared with the weight of anequal volume of water, for which the specific gravity is takenas 1.0000.

Spectrograph · An optical instrument for determining the presence or concentration of minor constituents in a materialby indicating the presence and intensity of specific wavelengths of radiation when the material is thermally orelectrically excited.

Spheroidising · Any process of prolonged heating and slow cooling of steel which will convert the carbide content intorounded or spheroid form.

Spinning · The procedure for making sheet metal discs into hollow shapes by pressing the metal against a rotating form(spinning chuck) by a tool.

Spot Welding · An electric resistance welding process in which the fusion is limited to a small area. The pieces being weldedare pressed together between a pair of water-cooled


430

electrodes through which an electrical current is passed during a very short interval so that fusion occurs over a smallarea at the interface between the pieces (See Welding onpage 406).

Spring-Back · An indicator of elastic stresses, frequently measured as the increase in diameter of a curved strip afterremoving it from the mandrel about which it was held. Themeasurement is employed as an indicator of the extent ofrecovery or relief of residual stresses that has been achievedby the transformation of elastic strain to plastic strain duringheating or stress relieving.

Spring Steel · Steel, normally of the high carbon or alloy type, used in the manufacture of springs, lending itself to appropriate heat treatment; usually made in the open hearthor electric furnace.

Stabilising Treatment · Any treatment intended to stabilise the structure of an alloy or the dimensions of a part. 1 · see Heat Treatment on page 408.2 · Transforming retained austenite in parts made from toolsteel. 3 · Precipitating a constituent from a non-ferrous solid solution to improve the workability, to decrease the tendency of certain alloys to age harden at room temperature or to obtain dimensional stability.

Stainless Steel · Corrosion resistant steel of a wide variety, but always containing a high percentage of chromium. Theseare highly resistant to corrosion attack by organic acids,weak mineral acids, atmospheric oxidation, etc.

Stamping · A term used to refer to various press forming operations in coining, embossing, blanking and pressing.

Steel · An iron-base alloy, malleable in the same temperature ranges as initially cast, containing manganese,carbon, andoften other alloying elements.The dividing line between lowalloy and high alloy steels is generally regarded as being atabout 5% metallic alloying elements. Steel is to be differentiated from two general classes of ‘irons’: the castirons, on the high carbon side, and the relatively pure ironssuch as ingot iron, carbonyl iron, and electrolytic iron, on thelow carbon side.

Strain · Deformation produced on a body by an outside force (see Hooke’s Law).

Strain Ageing · Ageing induced by cold working (See Age Hardening).

Strain Hardening · An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures lower thanthe re-crystallisation range.

Stress-Corrosion Cracking · Failure by cracking under combined action or corrosion and stress, either external(applied) or internal (residual).Cracking may be either inter-granular or trans-granular,depending on metal and corrosive medium.

Stress-Rupture Test · A tension test performed at constant temperature, the load being held at such a level as to causerupture. Also known as ‘creep-rupture test’.

Strip · A flat rolled steel product which serves as the raw material for welded tubing. May be hot rolled or cold rolled.

Structure · The arrangement of parts; in crystals, especially, the shape and dimension of the unit cell, and the number, kindsand positions of the atoms within it.

Sunk or Sink Drawn Tubing · Tubing drawn through a die with no inside mandrel to control I.D. or wall thickness. OnlyO.D. tolerance can be closely controlled.

Superficial Rockwell Hardness Test · Form of Rockwell hardness test using relatively light loads which produce minimum penetration. Used for determining surface hardness or hardness of thin sections or small parts, or wherelarge hardness impression might be harmful.

Tack Welds · Small scattered welds made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment while the final welds arebeing made (See Welding on page 406).

Tapping · The act of draining molten metal from furnace to ladle.

Tarnish · Surface discolouration on a metal, usually from a thin film of oxide or sulphide.

Teeming · Pouring metal into ingot moulds.Telescoping · Transverse slipping of successive layers of a coil

so that the edge of the coil is conical rather than flat.Temper Brittleness · Brittleness that results when certain

steels are held within, or are cooled slowly through, a certainrange of temperatures below the transformation range. Thebrittleness is revealed by notch-bar impact tests at or belowroom temperature.

Tensile Strength · In tensile testing, the ratio of maximum load to original cross-sectional area. Also called ultimatestrength.

Ternary Alloy · An alloy that contains three principal elements.

Thermocouple · A device for measuring temperatures by the use of two dissimilar metals in contact; the junction of thesemetals gives rise to a measurable electrical potential withchanges in temperature.

Tolerance Limit · The permissible deviation from the desired value.

Tool Steel · Any high carbon or alloy steel capable of being suitably tempered for use in the manufacture of tools.

Torsion · A twisting action resulting in shear stresses and strains.

Toughness · Ability of a metal to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing. It is usually measured by theenergy absorbed in a notch impact test, but the area underthe stress-strain curve in tensile testing is also a measure oftoughness.

Trace · Extremely small quantity of an element, usually too small to determine quantitatively.

Transformation Ranges · see Heat Treatment on page 408.Transverse · Literally, ‘across’, usually signifying a direction or

plane perpendicular to the direction of working.


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Transverse Tension Test · A tension test for evaluating the mechanical properties of a material in a direction transverseto that of rolling. It is not generally applicable to tubularproducts except in sizes 8” OD and larger.

Trepanning · A type of boring where an annular cut is made into a solid material with the coincidental formation of a plugor solid cylinder.

Turning · A method for removing the surface from a circular work piece by bringing the cutting edge of a tool against itwhile the piece is rotated.

Twist · A winding departure from flatness.Ultimate Strength · The maximum conventional stress,

tensile, compressive or shear, that a material can withstand.Ultrasonic Frequency · A frequency, associated with elastic

waves, that is greater than the highest audible frequency,generally regarded as being higher than 15 kc per sec.

Ultrasonic Testing · A method of detecting defects in tubes, plates or welds by use of high frequency sound wavesimparted by contact or immersion techniques.

Ultrasonic Waves · Waves of ultrasonic frequency.They include longitudinal, transverse, surface and standingwaves.

Upsetting1 · A metal working operation similar to forging. 2 · The Process of axial flow under axial compression ofmetal, as in forming heads on rivets by flattening the end ofwire.

Vacuum De-Gassing · Refer to De-Gassing Process.Vacuum Melting · Melting in a vacuum to prevent

contamination from air, as well as to remove gases alreadydissolved in the metal; the solidification may also be carriedout in a vacuum or at low pressure.

Vickers Hardness (Test) · Standard method for measuring the hardness of metals, particularly those with extremelyhard surfaces; the surface is subjected to a standard pressurefor a standard length of time by means of a pyramid-shapeddiamond. The diagonal of the resulting indention is measured under a microscope and the Vickers Hardnessvalue read from a conversion table.

Water Hardening · Process of hardening high carbon steels by quenching in water or brine, after heating.

Wavy · Not flat. A slight wave following the direction of rolling and beyond the standard limitation for flatness.

Work Hardening · Increase in resistance to deformation (i.e. in hardness) produced by cold working.

Workability · The characteristic or group of characteristics that determines the ease of forming a metal into desired shapes.

Wrought Iron · Iron containing only a very small amount of other elements, but containing 1-3 % by weight of slag inthe form of particles elongated in one direction, giving theiron a characteristic grain. Is more rust-resistant than steeland welds more easily.

X-Rays · Electromagnetic radiation, excited usually by the impact of cathode rays on matter, which have wave lengthsbetween about 10-8-10-12m.

Yield Point · The first stress in a material, usually less than the maximum attainable stress, at which an increase in strainoccurs without an increase in stress. Only certain metalsexhibit a yield point. If there is a decrease in stress afteryielding, a distinction may be made between upper andlower yield points.

Yield Strength · The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from proportionality of stress and strain.An offset of 0.2% is used for many metals.

Young’s Modulus · The coefficient of elasticity of stretching. For a stretched wire, Young’s Modulus is the ratio of thestretching force per unit cross-sectional area to the elongation per unit length. The values of Young’s Modulusfor metals are of the order 0.02–0.2 N/mm2.


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Kurvers Piping

Quality Assurance

Materials






Valves




General Information

Index

Index

435

Index

AAcoustic Emission ................................................................ 408Addresses ................................................................................ 7Alloying Elements ................................................................ 414Annealing ............................................................................ 410API ........................................................................................ 22API 5L Pipe Hydraulic Test .................................................... 318ASME .................................................................................... 23ASTM ............................................................................ 22, 409Austenite ............................................................................ 410Austenitising ...................................................................... 411

BBolts

Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 70Specifications .................................................................. 33Stud ............................................................................ 264

Bright Annealing ................................................................ 411BSI ........................................................................................ 23Bushings .............................................................................. 259Buttweld Fittings

Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 60

CCasing and Tubing

Dimensions and Weights .............................................. 104Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 48

Cathodic Protection ............................................................ 413Cementite .......................................................................... 410CEN ...................................................................................... 25Certification of Material ........................................................ 15Certifying Authorithy ............................................................ 16Charpy Impact .................................................................... 407Chemical Analysis ................................................................ 407Chemical Properties

Bolts and Nuts ................................................................ 70Buttweld Fittings ............................................................ 60Casing and Tubing .......................................................... 48Forged Materials ............................................................ 64Line Pipe ........................................................................ 50Pressure Pipes ................................................................ 36Structural Material .......................................................... 54

Cladding ............................................................................ 412Classes

ASTM A358 .................................................................... 31ASTM A671, 672, 691 .................................................... 32

Coating .............................................................................. 412Concession/Waiver ................................................................ 16Conversion Factors

Area ............................................................................ 395Energy .......................................................................... 397Force ............................................................................ 396

Length .......................................................................... 395Power .......................................................................... 398Pressure ........................................................................ 400Stress ............................................................................ 400Temperature ................................................................ 396Volume ..........................................................................395Weight ........................................................................ 395

Corrosion Test ...................................................................... 407Creep and Stress Rupture .................................................... 407Critical Point ........................................................................ 410CTOD Test .......................................................................... 407

DData Book ............................................................................ 16Dictionary .............................................................................. 16Dimensional Tolerances Pipes, Fittings, Flanges .................... 376Dimensions

Valves .......................................................................... 284Dimensions and Weights

Bushings ...................................................................... 259Casing and Tubing ........................................................ 104Elbowlets ...................................................................... 263Elbows and Returns LR .................................................. 164Elbows and Returns SR ................................................ 172End Caps ...................................................................... 215Flanges Blind ................................................................ 226Flanges Series A MSS-SP44 .......................................... 238Flanges Series B API 605 .............................................. 242Flanges Slip on .............................................................. 226Flanges Socket Weld .................................................... 224Flanges Threaded .......................................................... 224Flanges Weld Neck ........................................................ 226Forged Fittings Socket Weld .......................................... 249Forged Fittings Threaded .............................................. 252Laterolets ...................................................................... 263Line Pipe API 5L .............................................................. 81Nipples Hexagonal ........................................................ 258Nipples Re-inforced ...................................................... 263Nipples Round .............................................................. 259Nipples Swage .............................................................. 260Nuts Heavy Hex ............................................................265Olets ............................................................................ 262Plugs ............................................................................ 254Reducers ...................................................................... 201Stainless Steel Tubes ASME B36.19 ................................ 81Steel Beams Angles ...................................................... 145Steel Beams Channels .................................................. 144Steel Beams CHS .......................................................... 159Steel Beams HEA .......................................................... 132Steel Beams HEB .......................................................... 133Steel Beams HEM .......................................................... 134Steel Beams IPE ............................................................ 135Steel Beams IPN ............................................................ 136Steel Beams Joists ........................................................ 143Steel Beams RHS .......................................................... 156

Index

436

Steel Beams SHS .......................................................... 158Steel Beams UB ............................................................ 138Steel Beams UBP .......................................................... 142Steel Beams U Channel ................................................ 137Steel Beams U Column ................................................ 141Steel Beams W .............................................................. 147Steel Tubes ASME B36.10 .............................................. 81Steel Tubes DIN 2448 .................................................... 110Steel Tubes DIN 2458 .................................................... 114Steel Tubes DIN 2462 .................................................... 118Steel Tubes DIN 2463 .................................................... 124Steel Tubes EN 10 208 .................................................. 126Stud Bolts .................................................................... 264Tees .............................................................................. 178Unions Screwed ............................................................ 257Unions SW .................................................................... 256Welding Bosses Screwed .............................................. 255Welding Bosses SW ...................................................... 255

DIN ........................................................................................ 24Drop Weight Tear Test .......................................................... 407DSAW ................................................................................ 408Dye Penetrant ...................................................................... 408

EEddy Current Comparator .................................................... 407Eddy Current Test ................................................................ 408Elbowlets

Dimensions and Weights .............................................. 263Elbows and Returns LR ........................................................ 164Elbows and Returns SR ........................................................ 172Electron Beam .................................................................... 408EN Pressure Pipe .................................................................... 28EN Specifications .................................................................. 25End Caps ............................................................................ 215End Finishes ........................................................................ 386Equilibrium Diagram ............................................................ 410ERW .................................................................................... 408Eutectoid ............................................................................ 410

FFatigue Testing .................................................................... 407Ferrite .................................................................................. 410Field Test .............................................................................. 16Fire Safe Design .................................................................. 275Fittings

Dimensional Tolerances ................................................ 384Elbows and Returns LR .................................................. 164Elbows and Returns SR ................................................ 172End Caps ...................................................................... 215Forged .......................................................................... 250Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 60Reducers ...................................................................... 201Specifications .................................................................. 34Tees .............................................................................. 178

FlangesBlind ............................................................................ 226Dimensional Tolerances ................................................ 385Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 64Pressure Temperatures Ratings ...................................... 366Series A MSS-SP44 ........................................................ 238Series B API 605 ............................................................ 242Slip On ........................................................................ 226Socket Weld ................................................................ 224Specifications .................................................................. 34Threaded ...................................................................... 224Weld Neck .................................................................... 226

Fluorescent Isotope Analysers ............................................ 407Forged Fittings

Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 64Socket Weld ................................................................ 250Threaded ...................................................................... 252

Forged MaterialsMechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 64

GGlossary .............................................................................. 419Grain Size ............................................................................ 401

HHardness

Conversion Tables ........................................................ 402Test .............................................................................. 407

Heat Treatment .................................................................... 410HFI ......................................................................................408Huey Test ............................................................................ 407Hydraulic Test ...................................................................... 408Hydraulic Test API 5L Pipe .................................................... 318Hydrogen Induced Cracking ................................................ 407Hydrotest Formulae ............................................................ 317

IImpact Energy and Stress .................................................... 400Incoterms ............................................................................ 416Inspection Authority .............................................................. 16ISO ........................................................................................ 26ISO 9001-2000 ...................................................................... 13ISO 9002-1994 ...................................................................... 14Isothermal Annealing .......................................................... 410

KKürvers Group ........................................................................ 7

LLaterolets

Dimensions and Weights .............................................. 263

Index

437

Line PipeMechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 50Specifications .................................................................. 28

Line Pipe API 5LDimensions and Weights ................................................ 81

MMagnetic Particle Inspection ................................................ 408Marine Transportation of Line Pipe ...................................... 418Materials .............................................................................. 21Mechanical Properties

Bolts and Nuts ................................................................ 70Buttweld Fittings ............................................................ 60Casing and Tubing .......................................................... 48Forged Materials ............................................................ 64Line Pipe ........................................................................ 50Pressure Pipes ................................................................ 36Structural Material .......................................................... 54

Menagé .............................................................................. 407Metal Arc ............................................................................ 408MIG .................................................................................... 408MSS ...................................................................................... 25

NNACE .................................................................................... 27Nipples

Hexagonal .................................................................... 258Re-inforced .................................................................. 263Round .......................................................................... 259Swage .......................................................................... 260

Non-Conformity .................................................................... 16Nondestructive Examination ................................................ 408

Acoustic Emission ..........................................................408Eddy Current Test .......................................................... 408Flux Leakage ................................................................ 408Hydraulic Test .............................................................. 408Standards .................................................................... 409Ultrasonic Test .............................................................. 408X Ray ............................................................................ 408

Normalising ..........................................................................411Nuts

Heavy Hex .................................................................... 265Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 74Specifications .................................................................. 33

OOlets .................................................................................. 262

PPerlite .................................................................................. 410Pipes

Dimensional Tolerances ................................................ 376

Plasma Arc .......................................................................... 408Plugs .................................................................................. 254Potentiostat ........................................................................ 407Pressure Pipes

EN Grades ...................................................................... 28Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 36Specifications .................................................................. 30

Pressure Temperature Ratings ASME B16.5, B16.47 .............. 366Pressure Temperature Ratings ASME B31.1 .......................... 356Pressure Temperature Ratings ASME B31.3 .......................... 360Pressure Temperature Ratings BS3799 .................................. 364Pressure Temperature Ratings Formulae .............................. 354Procedure Qualification Record .............................................. 16Procedures ............................................................................ 16Product range .......................................................................... 7Proof Stress ........................................................................ 407Protective Coating .............................................................. 412

QQuality ............................................................................ 13, 14Quality Assurance .................................................................. 16Quality Assurance Manual .............................................. 13, 16Quality Assurance to ISO 9001-2000 .................................... 13Quality Assurance to ISO 9002-1994 .................................... 14Quality Control ...................................................................... 16Quality Plan .......................................................................... 16Quenching .......................................................................... 411

RRadiography ........................................................................ 408Railroad Transportation of Line Pipe .................................... 418Reducers ............................................................................ 201Release Notes ........................................................................ 16

SSAW .................................................................................... 408Screwed and Socket Weld Fittings

Pressure Temperature Ratings ........................................ 364Solution Treatment .............................................................. 411Sour Gas .............................................................................. 27Sour ServiceSpecifications

Bolts .............................................................................. 33Fittings .......................................................................... 34Flanges .......................................................................... 34Nuts .............................................................................. 33Piping Materials .............................................................. 22

Spectrometers .................................................................... 407Stabilising Treatment .......................................................... 411Stacking of Pipes ................................................................ 418Stainless Steel Tubes ANSI B36.19 .......................................... 81Steel Beams

Angles .......................................................................... 145

Index

438

Channels ...................................................................... 144CHS .............................................................................. 159HEA .............................................................................. 132HEB .............................................................................. 133HEM ............................................................................ 134IPE ................................................................................ 135IPN .............................................................................. 136Joists ............................................................................ 143UB ................................................................................ 138UBP .............................................................................. 142UColumn ...................................................................... 141U Channel .................................................................... 137RHS .............................................................................. 156SHS .............................................................................. 158W Shapes .................................................................... 147

Steel TubesANSI B36.10 .................................................................. 81DIN 2448 ...................................................................... 110DIN 2458 ...................................................................... 114DIN 2462 ...................................................................... 118DIN 2463 ...................................................................... 124EN 10 208 .................................................................... 126

Strainer .............................................................................. 274Strauss Test .......................................................................... 407Stress Relieving .................................................................... 411Structural Material

Dimensional Standards .................................................... 29Mechanical and Chemical Properties .............................. 54Specifications .................................................................. 29

Structure of Steel ................................................................ 410Stud Bolts ............................................................................ 264Sub-Critical Annealing ........................................................ 411Sulphide Stress Corrosion .................................................... 407System of Units .................................................................. 394

TTees .................................................................................... 178Tempering .......................................................................... 411Tensile Test .......................................................................... 407Test Certificates .............................................................. 15, 16Test Reports .......................................................................... 16Termal Insulation ................................................................ 412Threads .............................................................................. 388Through Thickness Test ........................................................ 407TIG ...................................................................................... 408Traceability ............................................................................ 16Trim Valves .......................................................................... 276

UUltrasonic Test .................................................................... 408Unions

Screwed ........................................................................ 257Socket Weld ................................................................ 256

Unit Symbols ...................................................................... 401Units .................................................................................. 401

VValves

Dimensions .................................................................. 284Fire Safe Design ............................................................ 275General Descriptions .................................................... 270Materials ...................................................................... 278Pressure Temperature Ratings ........................................ 295Pressure Tests ................................................................ 282Specifications ................................................................ 280Trim .............................................................................. 276

Vendor Documents ................................................................ 16

WWeight

Coating ........................................................................ 412Formula .......................................................................... 80of Water ...................................................................... 401

Weight Coating .................................................................. 412Weight of Water .................................................................. 401Weld Decay Test .................................................................. 407Weld Procedure Specification ................................................ 16Welding

ASTM Grades ................................................................ 31Methods allowed ............................................................ 31

Welding BossesScrewed ........................................................................ 255Socket Weld ................................................................ 255

Welding Ends ...................................................................... 386Welding Methods

DSAW .......................................................................... 408Electron Beam .............................................................. 408ERW ............................................................................ 408HFI ................................................................................ 408Metal Arc ...................................................................... 408MIG .............................................................................. 408Plasma Arc .................................................................... 408SAW ............................................................................ 408TIG .............................................................................. 408

Wire Gauges ...................................................................... 406

XX Ray .................................................................................. 408

Kürvers Piping Handbook

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