Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk, Medical Technology Laboratory,...
1
The comparative study of prevalence of human parasitic infection during 2014 – 2015 year; the beginning year of approach to the AEC community. Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn , Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumtani Province, Thailand 12120 Background: Parasitic infections of human remain a cause of health problems in part of South East Asia (SEA) region. According to ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) opening, pathogenic parasites can easily spread to 10 member countries by travelers. Objective: The objective in this study were to investigate human’s pathogenic parasite in fecal and blood specimens and compared prevalence of infection between 2014 (before AEC opening) and 2015 (AEC community year opening) to inspect a trend of infection into our country. Materials/Methods: Data were collected from 9,608 cases total since January 2014 to December 2015. Stool concentration technique using formalin‐ethyl acetate, was used to increase probability of finding parasites in feces. On the other hand, thick and thin blood smear were prepared from peripheral blood sample for investigating blood‐borne parasitic infection. Percentage of parasitic prevalence in each year was calculated and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: The results presented that total prevalence rate of parasitic infections was 1.24% (53/4,272) and 1.42% (76/5,336) in 2014 and 2015 respectively. In 2015, prevalence rate of Blastocystis hominis (27/4,272) and Strongyloides stercoralis (10/4,272) infections increased 1.4 times when compared to 2014 (B. hominis (46/5,336) and S. stercoralis (16/5,336)). In addition, Opisthorchis viverrini (3/5,336) and Minute egg (2/5,336) were new emerged in 2015 as well as other parasites such as Giardia lamblia, Taenia spp., Entamoeba coli and Plasmodium spp., but they were found in the low infection rate. Conclusions: This study revealed that total parasitic infection rate in 2015 was slightly increased from 2014. Opening of AEC seems to affect public hygiene problem in this region. This study served database for monitoring and predicting the trend of prevalence rate in the future. Nevertheless, continuous data collection will fulfill and improve the recent information. Key words: AEC, Parasite, Infection, Trend, Prevalence Introduction Parasitic infection has remained remain problem in region of tropical country, developing country. Many factors or facilities support biological life span of parasites and outbreak spreading. Nowadays, the policy of globalization of each country because the opening of economic community that contribute to moving of employees so they can carry some virulent parasites and their genetics to host country. Hence, the monitoring and surveillance are important role to control in outbreak of parasitic disease. The objective of this study is comparative surveying of parasite infection in patients who had attended in Thammasat University Hospital , Pathumtani province in interruption before (2014) & in phase (2015) years of AEC (Asian Economic Community) grand opening Method Parasitic diagnosis data base from medical record 2014 year Total (N) = 4,272 2015 year Total (N) = 5,336 Infection cases Total (n) = 53 Infection cases Total (n) = 76 Analysis by descriptive statistic % infection of each year = Number of infection cases Total number of each year Result 0.63 0.23 0.07 0 0.023 0.19 0.07 0.023 0 0 0.86 0.3 0 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.04 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 % infection % parasites infection comparison between 2014 & 2015 yr. 2014 yr 2015 yr No. Parasites Year 2014 (N=4,272) 2015 (N = 5,336) Positive cases (n) Positive cases (n) 1. Blastocystis homonis 27 46 2. Strongyloides stercoralis 10 16 3. Taenia spp. 3 0 4. Opisthorchis viverrini 0 3 5. Plasmodium falciparum 1 1 6. Plasmodium vivax 8 2 7. Entamoeba coli 3 2 8. Giardia lamblia 1 1 9. Trichomonas spp. 0 3 10. Minute intestinal 0 2 Summary 53 76 Discussion & Conclusion References This study is illustrated total higher parasitic infection rates as 1.42 % in 2015 yr., during in ACE official opening than 2014 yr, before ACE opening, consider with table 1 and graph 1. Blastocystis homonis is the highest amount of infection rate all 2 years and emerge 3 kinds parasites in 2015 yr are Opisthorchis viverrini, Trichomonas spp. and Minute intestinal. Interestingly, couple of Blastocystis homonis and Strongyloides stercoralis – water born transmission‐ percent infection rate in 2015 yr are increase almost 1.4 folds higher than 2014 yr. Perhaps, the geology of South East Asia region which is basin of water, moist climate, socioeconomic and poor hygiene are significant factors for parasite spreading [1, 2, 3]. This study introduces suspicion that slightly increasing trend of parasite infection rate open AEC year in the beginning and should be monitor upcoming trend of parasitic infection rate in our country. Limitation in sample size is require to expanding data so will be predictable with precise. Table 1. Comparison data in parasite positive cases between 2014 with 2015 year 1. Jex AR, Lim YA, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ, Young ND, Gasser RB. Soil‐transmitted helminths of humans in Southeast Asia‐‐towards integrated control. Avd Parasitol. 2011;74:231‐65. doi: 10.1016/B978‐0‐12‐ 385897‐9.00004‐5. 2. Brooker S, Singhasivanon P, Waikagul J, Supavej S, Kojima S, Takeuchi T, et al. Mapping soil‐transmitted helminths in Southeast Asia and implications for parasite control. Southeast Asian J Trop Med. 2003;34(1):24–36. 3. Strunz EC, Addiss DG, Stocks ME, Ogden S, Utzinger J, Freeman MC. Water, sanitation, hygiene and soil‐transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11(3):e1001620. Abstract
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Transcript of Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk, Medical Technology Laboratory,...
The comparative study of prevalence of human parasitic infection during 2014 –2015 year; the beginning year of approach to the AEC community.Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn PuttarukMedical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumtani Province, Thailand 12120
Background: Parasitic infections of human remain a cause of health problems in part of South East Asia (SEA) region. According to ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) opening, pathogenic parasites can easily spread to 10 member countries by travelers.Objective: The objective in this study were to investigate human’s pathogenic parasite in fecal and blood specimens and compared prevalence of infection between2014 (before AEC opening) and 2015 (AEC community year opening) to inspect a trend of infection into our country.Materials/Methods: Data were collected from 9,608 cases total since January 2014 to December 2015. Stool concentration technique using formalin‐ethyl acetate, wasused to increase probability of finding parasites in feces. On the other hand, thick and thin blood smear were prepared from peripheral blood sample for investigatingblood‐borne parasitic infection. Percentage of parasitic prevalence in each year was calculated and presented using descriptive statistics.Results: The results presented that total prevalence rate of parasitic infections was 1.24% (53/4,272) and 1.42% (76/5,336) in 2014 and 2015 respectively. In 2015,prevalence rate of Blastocystis hominis (27/4,272) and Strongyloides stercoralis (10/4,272) infections increased 1.4 times when compared to 2014 (B. hominis (46/5,336)and S. stercoralis (16/5,336)). In addition, Opisthorchis viverrini (3/5,336) and Minute egg (2/5,336) were new emerged in 2015 as well as other parasites such as Giardialamblia, Taenia spp., Entamoeba coli and Plasmodium spp., but they were found in the low infection rate.Conclusions: This study revealed that total parasitic infection rate in 2015 was slightly increased from 2014. Opening of AEC seems to affect public hygiene problem inthis region. This study served database for monitoring and predicting the trend of prevalence rate in the future. Nevertheless, continuous data collection will fulfill andimprove the recent information.Key words: AEC, Parasite, Infection, Trend, Prevalence
IntroductionParasitic infection has remained remain problem in region of
tropical country, developing country. Many factors or facilities supportbiological life span of parasites and outbreak spreading. Nowadays, thepolicy of globalization of each country because the opening of economiccommunity that contribute to moving of employees so they can carrysome virulent parasites and their genetics to host country. Hence, themonitoring and surveillance are important role to control in outbreak ofparasitic disease. The objective of this study is comparative surveying ofparasite infection in patients who had attended in Thammasat UniversityHospital , Pathumtani province in interruption before (2014) & in phase(2015) years of AEC (Asian Economic Community) grand opening
Method
Parasitic diagnosis data base from medical record
2014 year Total (N) = 4,272
2015 yearTotal (N) = 5,336
Infection casesTotal (n) = 53
Infection casesTotal (n) = 76
Analysis by descriptive statistic
% infection of each year = Number of infection cases
Total number of each yearResult
0.63
0.23
0.07
00.023
0.19
0.070.023
0 0
0.86
0.3
0
0.060.02 0.04 0.04 0.02
0.06 0.04
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
% infection
% parasites infection comparison between 2014 & 2015 yr.
2014 yr2015 yr
No. ParasitesYear
2014 (N=4,272) 2015 (N = 5,336)
Positive cases (n) Positive cases (n)
1. Blastocystis homonis 27 462. Strongyloides stercoralis 10 163. Taenia spp. 3 04. Opisthorchis viverrini 0 35. Plasmodium falciparum 1 16. Plasmodium vivax 8 27. Entamoeba coli 3 28. Giardia lamblia 1 19. Trichomonas spp. 0 310. Minute intestinal 0 2
Summary 53 76
Discussion & Conclusion
References
This study is illustrated total higher parasitic infection rates as 1.42 % in 2015 yr., during in ACE official opening than 2014 yr, before ACE opening, consider withtable 1 and graph 1. Blastocystis homonis is the highest amount of infection rate all 2 years and emerge 3 kinds parasites in 2015 yr are Opisthorchis viverrini,Trichomonas spp. and Minute intestinal. Interestingly, couple of Blastocystis homonis and Strongyloides stercoralis – water born transmission‐ percent infection ratein 2015 yr are increase almost 1.4 folds higher than 2014 yr. Perhaps, the geology of South East Asia region which is basin of water, moist climate, socioeconomicand poor hygiene are significant factors for parasite spreading [1, 2, 3].
This study introduces suspicion that slightly increasing trend of parasite infection rate open AEC year in the beginning and should be monitor upcoming trendof parasitic infection rate in our country. Limitation in sample size is require to expanding data so will be predictable with precise.
Table 1. Comparison data in parasite positive cases between 2014 with 2015 year
1. Jex AR, Lim YA, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ, Young ND, Gasser RB. Soil‐transmitted helminths of humans in Southeast Asia‐‐towards integrated control. Avd Parasitol. 2011;74:231‐65. doi: 10.1016/B978‐0‐12‐385897‐9.00004‐5.
2. Brooker S, Singhasivanon P, Waikagul J, Supavej S, Kojima S, Takeuchi T, et al. Mapping soil‐transmitted helminths in Southeast Asia and implications for parasite control. Southeast Asian J Trop Med. 2003;34(1):24–36.
3. Strunz EC, Addiss DG, Stocks ME, Ogden S, Utzinger J, Freeman MC. Water, sanitation, hygiene and soil‐transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11(3):e1001620.
Abstract
