KOLKATA METRO RAIL

Introduction of Indian Metro Railway.

How it began

India's 1st and Asia's 5th metro rail was introduced in Kolkata.

Over a length of 16.45 km and the work on this project was sanctioned on 1.6.1972

The construction work started in 1973-74.After crossing so many hurdles Calcutta Metro started its journey on October 24, 1984

Metro Map

Why is it needed ?

Unprecedented growth of personal vehicles.

Growing traffic congestion.

Air pollution and traffic accidents has become a major concern.

To avoid congestion at peak hours.

Time saving. Reduced fuel consumption.

INDIAN METRO RAILWAYEXISTING METRO RAILWAY Kolkata Metro Rail.

Delhi Metro Rail.

FUTURE & PROPOSED METRO RAILWAY Mumbai Metro Rail

Bangalore Metro Rail.

Hyderabad Metro Rail.

Chennai Metro Rail.

Kochi Metro Rail

CITY METRO RAIL

lack of adequate connectivity are becoming increasingly eminent.

Delhi has taken the exemplary lead of developing the Metro rail.

India is well on its way to create a world-class MRT system as an integral part of community infrastructure development in the country.

shift from private modes of conveyance to public transport.

India is looking to create a world class MRT system:

Growing cities, growing population and growing traffic has invariably called for a shift from private modes of conveyance to public transport.

MRTS in the world’s developing nations exist successfully

India has lagged behing in this field but the reason could be as follows:

lack of funds planning as is known that such projects require huge capital investments

a long gestation period

complex technology

The lack of integration between various systems of mass transportation

the absence of comprehensive traffic and transportation planning.

Besides the existing and the upcoming

proposals for MRTS for Pune, Chandigarh, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Ludhiana, Bhopal, Indore and Faridabad are being chalked out.

Key Considerations for MRTSA metro model for a county would have to depend on its

logistics, financial resources

Planning, construction, designing and management of metros require :-extensive data, detailed surveys, study of economic structure, profile of settlement topography, travel preference, major traffic corridors.

System needs to be made self-reliant and self-contained to minimize O&M (operations & maintenance) cost.

Technology with low initial cost but with high O & M cost should be avoided.

Cost FactorsMetro projects are meant to cater to cities with more

than four million population

Larger the underground and elevated proposal, larger shall be the cost involved. 

Funding process is done through the PPP model (Public-Private Partnership) as in Hyderabad and Mumbai or by DMRC model by the state or the central government as in Bengaluru, Chennai and Kolkata.

Correct process is the PPP model.

LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) to encourage private investors

BENEFITS OF METRO RAIL

Requires 1/5th energy per passenger km compared to road-based transport system.

Causes less noise, no air pollution and eco friendly transport system.

Occupies no road space if underground and only about 2.60 meters width of the road if elevated.

Reduces journey time.

Cost effective mass transport system.

Reducing traffic transport problems.

The Advantages And DisadvantagesAdvantagesA cheap mode of transport, the MRTS helps in low

energy consumptionIt is eco-friendly (runs on electricity, thus

minimizing air and sound pollution)Averts the number of accidentsIs efficient in terms of space occupancy and

provides comfort with ultra-modern coaches and modern systems like automatic ticketing, advanced signaling systems, automatic train protection system and integrated security systems.

Services like ATMs, food outles, cafes and convenience stores at these stations make the journey more fruitful.

Also such stations lead to nearby economic development.

The international standard for MRTS with a maximum speed of 80kmph and average speed of around 34kmph helps in saving of time.

With proper designing, the peak hour capacity could be rated at 3-4 lakhs passengers per hour."

Dis- advantages :

The only disadvantage of metros is the slight congestion on roads at the time of construction which has to be taken care of.

The cost factor is another disadvantage, the solution for which is to integrate metros with others systems considering the volume, structure, availability of space and resources for traffic and transportation. 

Kolkata Metro The only metro service in the country functioning directly under the Indian Railways, the

foundation for this was laid as early as 1972.

Delays due to non-availability of sufficient funds, shifting of underground utilities, court injunctions and irregular supply of vital materials led to the commencement of services being pushed to 1984, after which progressive construction followed leading to the completion of the services of the entire stretch in 2005. 

Kolkata faced a transport problem with only 8% of the land being available for road transport( 25-35% available in other cities)

The metro has been quite a hit with the residents in Kolkata considering the number of passengers which has expansively increased in the past years.

Large scale expansion projects (covering 87 kms) have now been planned and in its modernization program.

Modernization of the Kolkata metro includes:

State-of-the-Art Automatic Fare Collection

Passenger Control system with Radio Frequency Identification based Flap Gates

Integrated Security System

new air-conditioned rakes

Automatic Signaling system.

Training:The National Mass Transit and Training Research

Institute (NMTTRI) in Mumbai (established by MMRDA), is one of its kinds in Asia imparting training and research on mass transit systems.

The annual training courses cater to key issues like Public Transport Security, Safety and Emergency/Disaster Management, Noise Pollution & Abatement Measures for Urban Transportation, Integrated Ticketing, and seamless Travel across Modes and Intelligent Transportation System.

CONCLUSION

Even though the Metro systems are more reliable, comfortable and safer than road-based systems & it reduces congestion on the roads, the systems planned in India show cost overrunning and under utilization of capacity.

High capacity system does not necessarily generate high demand.

Immense thought & planing is needed for such expensive and expansive projects.

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