Know Your Source of Water

8/11/2019 Know Your Source of Water

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Know your source of WaterList of Outdoor Locations for Each City

S.N

o

City Water Source

1. Ahemdabad 1. Sabarmati River OR2. Vastrapur Lake

2. Bangalore Hessarghatta Reservoir on the Arkavathy River3. handigarh 1. !ater "reatment #lant $ Se%tor 3& OR

2. Bhakra 'ain anal()ear Village *a+auli,2- kms rom handigarh/

0. hennai )emam lake $ "hirumahisai near "hirumahisai

elhi 1. !ater 'useum #ragati 'aidan OR

2. 4amuna Banks5. Hyderabad 6sman Sagar %reated by damming the 'usiRiver

7. 8aipur Ramgarh Lake 8aipur9. 8odhpur *aylana Lake is lo%ated - km :est o 8odhpur in

Ra+asthan.-. *o%hi #eriyar River&. *olkatta 1. River Hooghly OR

2. ;ndira <andhi !ater "reatment #lant1=. Lu%kno: andnamau <hat <omti River11. Ludhiana Sidh:an anal

12. 'ysore *rishnara+asagara dam , *RS am / :hi%h isbuilt a%ross the river *averi

'umbai 1. #o:ai Lake OR2. 8al Aadhik *endra ,Asia>a Largest !ater#uri?%ation #lant/ $ Available only on a!ednesday.

13. )agpur 1. <ore:ada "ank OR2. *anhan River

10. )asik 1. <angpur am )ear village <anga:adi and is1= *m. rom )ashik %ity.

15. #une 1. *hadak:asla reservoir OR2. !ater "reatment #lant at #arvati #uneantonment Holkar Bridge !ar+e ,ne: andold/ !agholi and !adgaon.

17. Raipur 1. "elibandha talab OR2. Budha talab3. 'ahara+abandh talab

19. Surat "apir River1-. "rivandrum Aruvikkara am in "hiruvananthapuram distri%t1&. Vadodra Saya+i Sarovar also kno:n as A+:a Lake is

lo%ated about 22 km rom Vadodara in <u+arat.2=. Vishakapatnam 'udasarlova Reservoir



1. Ahmedabad

1.1 Sabarmati River@

"he Sabarmati River is a river in :estern ;ndia and one o the

biggest rivers o north <u+arat. River Sabarmati is one o the ma+or

!est o:ing river o <u+arat :hi%h originates rom hebar lake in

Aravalli Range o the daipur istri%t o Ra+asthan and meets the

<ul o ambay o Arabian Sea ater travelling 391 km. rom the

origin. "he Sabarmati basin has a maCimum length o 3== kms. and

maCimum :idth o 1=5 kms. "he total %at%hment area o the basinis 21790 km2 out o :hi%h 0120 km2 lies in Ra+asthan State and the

remaining 1-55= km2 in <u+arat State. "he main tributaries o the

Sabarmati river are !akal river and the Sei )adi :hi%h also rise in

the Aravali hill range :est o daipur %ity and o: south(:est:ards

in %ourses generally parallel to the Sabarmati river up to their

%onuen%e :ith the river ,in <u+arat/.

Ahmedabad and <andhinagar the %ommer%ial and politi%al %apitals

o <u+arat :ere established on the banks o Sabarmati River. At the

bank o Sabarmati river there is lo%ated ri%h area named

DSabarmatiD. uring ;ndiaEs independen%e struggle 'ahatma

<andhi established Sabarmati Ashram as his home on the banks o

this river.

"he Sabarmati Riverront evelopment #ro+e%t is an initiative by the

Ahmedabad 'uni%ipal orporation to develop the Sabarmati

riverront in the %ity o Ahmedabad ;ndia. ;n 'ay 1&&9 the

Ahmedabad 'uni%ipal orporation established the Sabarmati River

Front evelopment orporation Limited ,SRFL/ under Se%tion 10&,3/ o the ompanies A%t 1&57.

'a+or pro+e%ts on Sabarmati River are@ "he Sei am "he Harnav

am "he Harnav !eir "he haroi am Hathmati am <uhai

am Hathmati !eir !atrak #ro+e%t and *alpsaar #ro+e%t.

1.2 Vastrapur Lake@

"he Vastrapur Lake is a lake situated in the %ity o Ahmedabad inthe state o <u+arat in :estern ;ndia. ;t is lo%ated in the :estern part



o the %ity in the Vastrapur area. "he lake :as beauti?ed by the

Ahmedabad 'uni%ipal orporation ater 2==2 and has sin%e be%ome

a popular spot in the %ity. "he prestigious ;ndian ;nstitute o

'anagement(Ahmedabad is lo%ated about 1km rom the lake. Apart

rom ;;' Vastrapur has been given #hysi%al Resear%h Laboratory

:here the payload or handrayan(; :as %reated. <u+arat niversity

also %ame up in Vastrapur.

"he lake is about 5(1= minutes a:ay rom the Sarkhe+(<andhinagar

high:ay.

Gvery :eekend a large number o people visit this lake. ;t %urrently

boasts an open air theater and %hildrenEs park. "here is a path:ay

all around the lake :hi%h serves many :alkers and +oggers in the

early mornings and in the evenings.

"he lush green la:ns surrounding this lake also serve as a %entral

hub o Ahmedabad :herein various %ultural events take pla%e

regularly.

At times the :ater rom )armada River is allo:ed to o: into this

lake. "he lake has pretty gardens :ith lots o stone :ork in them.

For over a de%ade Vastrapur has be%ome the %entre o lie in

:estern part o the %ity. !ith ne: Ahmedabad going through a

makeover i there is any village still let it is in Vastrapur. "here arestill a %luster o mud houses beginning rom the area :here the old

o%troi post stands on the road %onne%ting Vastrapur to ;ndian

;nstitute o 'anagement(Ahmedabad. "he pla%e is still divided on

%aste lines among "hakores Rabaris and #atels. 'a+ority o

population is that o the "hakores.

Rapid development began ater 1&&5. High(rises %ame up as the

area had only bungalo:s. Vastrapur :as under Ahmedabad rban

evelopment Authority ,Auda/ or a long time. Sour%es %ite that

there :as a big slum :here Vastrapur Lake o:s no: :ith about0== amilies staying almost making the lake invisible. ;n 2==2 Auda

de%ided to remove the slum and develop the lake :ith a garden

around it. "he slum d:ellers :ere given pu%%a houses nearby.

2. Bangalore

2.1 Hessarghatta Reservoir @

Bangalore ity #ro+e%t is happy to announ%e the ourth in its serieso rban Spa%e Gvents. !e have eCplored <avipuram !hite?eld

and the 6ld ity areas and no: invite you to venture a little urthera?eld :ith us to Hessarghatta 20 km a:ay rom Bangalore.



is%over and learn about the :ater reservoir volute siphon andbri%k auedu%t.

Built around 1532 on the Arkavathy River the HessarghattaReservoir :as re%onstru%ted in 1-&0 to be%ome the ma+or :ater

supplier to the %ity o Bangalore. For the ?rst time the %ity hadrea%hed out or :ater beyond its tanks ,harmambudhi Sampangilsoor Sankey/ and :ells to a river. A bri%k auedu%t brought :aterto a distan%e and then steam pumps :ere used to pump it up tohimney Hills rom :here the :ater o:ed by gravity to the 8e:elFilters at Hebbal. e:an Sheshadri ;yer played a key role in thedevelopment o the Hessarghatta :ater supply s%heme.

#ro. .*. Subramanian in his seminal essay IBangalore ity>s !aterSupply $ A Study and Analysis> ,1&-0/ mentions that thehamara+endra !ater !orks ,as the Hesarghatta :ater Jpro+e%t :askno:n/ :as meant to deliver 55 litres o :ater per person per day toa population o 25====. "he ?ltered :ater supply started on August9 1-&7.

"ill the %ommissioning o the "hippagondanahalli reservoir in 1&32(33 Hessarghatta remained the largest supplier o ?ltered :ater tothe %ity. "he Hessarghatta reservoir :as last ?lled in 1&&0 and hasgradually been given up as a reliable sour%e o :ater or the %ity. Adeterioration in %at%hment %hara%teristi%s is probably the %ause orthe reservoir drying up.

"he 66R()GGR !ater !alk :ill look at the reservoir and its%urrent state. A siphon provided as an overo: me%hanism anotheruniue stru%ture :orth a %loser look remnants o a bri%k auedu%tand a small temple on the bund are some o the other a%ets that:ill be looked upon during this :alk.

"he Hessarghatta rban Spa%e Gvent is being organised or theBangalore ity #ro+e%t by S. Vish:anath ,:::.rain:ater%lub.organd :::.arghyam.org/ :ho :rites eCtensively on :ater issues.

"o parti%ipate in 66R()GGR please call Sandhya at 080-2!" "!#0 or send an e-$ail to rainwaterclu%&at'($ail.co$. Abus :ill be organised to take parti%ipants to Hessarghatta romKueen>s Statue ubbon #ark. "here are only 35 seats :hi%h :ill be?lled on a ?rst(%ome ?rst(served basis. #lease bring drinking :aterand some sna%ks i reuired. "he :alk :ill be about 3 km indistan%e and :ill take about 2.5 hours. #arti%ipants :ho :ish to%ome in their o:n private transport should rea%h Hessarghattareservoir by 1=.3= a.m. and :ait or the group near the temple onthe bund o the reservoir.

)essar(hatta Reser*oir



• From 1-&7 First #rote%ted !ater Supply From Hessarghatta LakeA%ross River Arkavathy

• esigned or #opulation o 25==== at 55 Lp%d.

• hamara+endra Reservoir is 2= kms rom Bangalore having%apa%ity o 909.9 m%t.

• 8e:el Filters at 'allesh:aram

• Re%eived Ra: !ater or "reatment.

3. handigarh

3.1 !ater "reatment #lant $ Se%tor 3&

"he %ity has been divided into 7 ones or the purpose o !atersupply keeping in vie: the slope o the %ity.Ga%h o these ones is

ed through an independent :ater :orks namely !ater !orks(52

3& 39 32 27 12. "hese !ater !orks> are ed rom 'other !ater

!orks i.e. !ater !orks(3& :hi%h re%eive %anal :ater rom !ater

!orks( *a+auli and various "ube:ells ,about -= )os./ spread all over

handigarh. "he %anal :ater as re%eived rom :ater :orks *a+auli is

treated at the :ater treatment plant !ater !orks(3&.

istan%e rom HSB Bran%h@ 1= *ms.

Lo%ation@ Se%tor(3& handigarh

Sour%e o !ater@ nderground :ater ,"ube :ells/ and Sura%e !ater

,anal !ater/

3.2 Bhakra 'ain anal

)ear Village *a+auli ,2- kms rom handigarh/

handigarh has a :ell planned system o :ater supply distribution.!ater Supply o handigarh is based on t:o sour%es i.e. Sura%e

:ater rom Bhakra 'ain anal and underground deep bore

"ube:ells.

*a+auli :ater :orks plant is lo%ated on the Bhakra mainline ,B'L/

%anal near 'orinda in distri%t Ropar. ;t is supposed to provide :ater

to "ri%ity and handimandir %antonment.

0. hannai

0.1 )emam lake $ "hirumahisai near "hirumahisai



!ater bodies big or small assume great importan%e as sour%es o storage and ground:ater re%harge but they are also easy prey orabuse. "hree su%h long(negle%ted lakes :ill be re+uvenated neCtmonth :ith the State government proposing to turn them intodrinking :ater sour%es to meet the gro:ing demands o the

eCpanded %ity.

"he spra:ling :ater body in )emam near "hirumahisai is oneamong the lakes to be improved or additional storage. "he :aterbodies in Ayanambakkam near Ambattur and #orur :ould also beimproved at a total %ost o Rs.13= %rore.

!ith a :ater spread area o over 95= a%re )emam lake is lo%atedupstream o hembarampakkam reservoir one o the predominantdrinking :ater sour%es or hennai. nlike many other :ater bodies

around the %ity the lake to a large eCtent has been spared o en%roa%hment. Ho:ever it has its share o problems.

Sudha Sureshkumar a resident o )emam said M'any amilies likemine in )emam and *uthambakkam villages are dependent on thelake or irrigation needs. !e %ultivate paddy. "he lake brims :ith:ater through the year eC%ept during peak summer. ; useground:ater rom my :ell or drinking.N

Residents o )emam %omplained that dumping o se:age in the lakeand illegal sand mining :as rampant. !el%oming the !ater

Resour%es epartmentEs de%ision to in%rease the storage %apa%ityrom 259 million %ubi% eet ,m%t/ to 599 m%t they said that thedepartment must initiate measures to prote%t the lake rom urtherabuse.

"he storage o holavaram reservoir :ould also be %onsiderablyin%reased. "his :ould add nearly 7== m%t :hi%h is eual to three:eeks o :ater supply to hennai at the rate o -17 million litres aday. A !R oO%ial said M!e have to a%uire lands or ormation o a surplus %hannel o )emam lake. ;t :ould be used to store and

transmit *rishna :ater to hembarampakkam reservoir. "endershave been oated and :ork is eCpe%ted to start mid(April. "hepro+e%t period permits us to %arry on :ork or 1- months. But :e:ant to %omplete :ork by this 6%tober in )emam andAyanambakkam lakes.N

"he :orks :ill in%lude desilting deepening o the lake bedstrengthening o the bund and re%onstru%tion o the :eir astru%ture through :hi%h surplus :ater o:s out. "he sale o nearly7= lakh %ubi% metre o soil eC%avated rom these lakes is eCpe%tedto %over part o the pro+e%t %ost. Residents o #orur said that the

government must also take steps to prote%t the :ater bodies andtheir surplus %ourses rom en%roa%hments.



5. elhi

5.1 !ater 'useum #ragati 'aidan

A ne: <allery D!ater ( "he GliCir o LieD :as inaugurated by

Honorable hie 'inister o elhi Smt. Sheila ikshit on 10e%ember 2=1=. 6ur Garth is uniue be%ause it is the only kno:n

pla%e in the universe :here :ater eCists as a liuid thus enabling

lie in all its diversity to thrive here. !hen human population :as

small their ePe%t on the planet and its :ater bodies :as also

manageable. But over the past %entury it has eCploded thus

%reating an adverse impa%t both on uality and uantity o potable

:ater. Human impa%t has resulted in gro:th o spra:ling %ities and

to:ns :hi%h pollute our rivers :ith in%reasing amounts o :aste and

threaten our :ater systems as :e suander this pre%ious resour%e. "his eChibition on !ater $ "he GliCir o Lie is aimed at %reating

a:areness about this s%ar%e and all important sour%e o lie among

the visitors spe%ially the %hildren.

Gntry to the eChibition through a virtual pond o :ater that %reates

ripples as one step on it eC%ites the visitor. "he gallery then unolds

:ith a plethora o eChibits that %over various issues related to :ater.

Ho: mu%h o it is available on our planet and :hat per%entage o it

is potable and in :hat orm is :ater available on the Garth are some

o the issues that are dealt :ith in the eChibition. 6ther issues likethe :ater %y%le :ater on diPerent %ontinents :ater in ones body

:ater %onserving devi%es :ater treatment plants properties o

:ater %ultural and religious pra%ti%es and their impa%t on our rivers

et%. are also %overed in the eChibitions. Signi?%an%e o :ater is

propounded in almost every religious s%ripture and :ritten s%ript

eCists or :ater in every language and in every %ountry thus

sho:ing ho: important this lie supporting resour%e is or all o us.

"he eChibition ends :ith a %omputer ui on :ater and a pledge

:hi%h the visitors %an take to %onserve :ater and prote%t thisuniue lie supporting sour%e or our uture generations. "he <allery

has generated huge interest among the visitors.

5.2 4amuna Banks

"he G%ologi%al #ark has :etlands teeming :ith 1& kinds o ?sh and

resident and migratory auati% birds throughout the year. ;t is a

mira%le :aiting to be eCplored in a ar %orner o elhi. "he 4amuna

Biodiversity #ark in !airabad in )orth elhi 059(a%res o nature>s

reserve has been espe%ially %reated to repli%ate the loste%osystems o the 4amuna river. 6n%e a barren land :here village



boys used to play %ri%ket it no: houses :etlands and orests

sheltering over 15== plants inse%ts birds ?sh and mammal

spe%ies. ;n a %on%rete +ungle like elhi it is nothing less than an

oasis o unending green %reated painstakingly.

4amuna is the largest tributary river o the <anges ,<anga/ in

northern ;ndia. 6riginating rom the 4amunotri <la%ier at a height

73-9 metres on the south :estern slopes o Banderpoo%h peaks in

the Lo:er Himalayas in ttarakhand it travels a total length o

1397 kilometers ,-55 mi/ and has a drainage system o 377223

km2 0=.2Q o the entire <anges Basin beore merging :ith the

<anges at "riveni Sangam Allahabad the site or the *umbha 'ela

every t:elve years.

"he :ater o 4amuna is o Dreasonably good ualityD through itslength rom 4amunotri in the Himalayas to !airabad in elhi about

395 km :here the dis%harge o :aste :ater through 15 drains

bet:een !airabad barrage and 6khla barrage renders the river

severely polluted ater !airabad in elhi. 6ne oO%ial des%ribes the

river as a Dse:age drainD :ith bio%hemi%al oCygen demand ,B6/

values ranging rom 10 to 2- mgl and high %oliorm %ontent. "here

are three main sour%es o pollution in the river namely households

and muni%ipal disposal sites soil erosion resulting rom

deorestation o%%urring to make :ay or agri%ulture along :ith

resulting %hemi%al :ash(oP rom ertiliers herbi%ides and

pesti%ides and run(oP rom %ommer%ial a%tivity and industrial sites.

"here is eviden%e indi%ating 4amuna :as a tributary o the <haggar

river also kno:n as the Vedi% Sarasvati River in the an%ient past

and the rivers :ere %olle%tively kno:n as Sapta Sindhu or seven

streams. ;t %hanged its %ourse to east ollo:ing a te%toni% event in

north ;ndia and be%ame a tributary o the <anges instead.

7. Hyderabad

7.1 6sman Sagar

6sman Sagar popularly kno:n as <andipet is an arti?%ial lake in

the ;ndian %ity o Hyderabad. "he lake is around 07 km and the

reservoir is around 2& km.

6sman sagar :as %reated by damming the 'usi River in 1&2= or

providing drinking :ater sour%e or Hyderabad and also saving the%ity rom oods on the lines o :hi%h Hyderabad suPered in 1&=-. ;t



:as during the reign o "he Last )iam o Hyderabad 6sman Ali

*han hen%e the name.

A prin%ely guest house %alled Sagar 'ahal overlooking the lake

no: a heritage building :as built as a summer resort o the last

)iam. ;t is lo%ated on the banks and has the best vie: o the lake.

Andhra #radesh "ourism epartment %urrently runs the pla%e as a

resort. "he breee o the lake is very pleasant and has been popular

:ith the lo%als sin%e "he )iamEs time.

;t is a popular tourist destination espe%ially ater the rainy season

:hen the reservoir is ull and its parks resorts amusement park

are a ma+or attra%tion. "his lake had served drinking :ater or

Hyderabad %ity but due to in%rease in population it is not suO%ient

or :ater supply to Hyderabad %ity and so no: it is used or publi%re%reation. ;t is lo%ated %lose to another lake Himayat Sagar.

9. 8aipur

9.1 Ramgarh Lake

8am:a Ramgarh also popularly kno:n as the Ramgarh is the subdivision

o 8aipur istri%t. Lo%ated at State High:ay )umber 55 at about 2- kms

a:ay rom 8aipur %ity in Gast()orth ire%tion o it. ;ts Best kno:n or

ERamgarh LakeE Lo%ated in outskirts o this to:n.

"his lake almost de?nes the beauty o this small to:n surrounded by

Ara:ali Hill Ranges this lake is pree%t )atural panorami% beauty

attra%ting thousands o tourist ea%h year. "his Lake :as one o ma+or

:ater resour%es or 8aipur %ity beore year 2===T :hen it gone almost dry.

"he dense orest surrounding Lake and nearby areas is habitat o :ide

range o !ildlie animals Lion hital and )eelgai being ma+or %ontributors

and has been de%lared as !ildlie san%tuary by <overnment o ;ndia in

year 1&-2.

-. 8odhpur

-.1 Kaylana Lake

*aylana Lake in 8odhpur Ra+asthan is lo%ated - kms to the :est o 8odhpur on the 8aiselmer road. #ratap Singh the then #rime 'inistero 8odhpur got the lake %onstru%ted in 1-92. "his arti?%ial lake isspread over -0 suare kms. !here the lake no: lies :as on%e anarea having pala%es and gardens o t:o rulers o 8odhpur. "hey :eredestroyed to make the *aylana Lake. )ear to the lake is a akBungalo: o #HG the ;rrigation department. "here are also boating

a%ilities available or the tourists here.



An ideal pi%ni% spot or tourists this lake oPers a breathtaking vie:o the sunset. At that time the sky looks like a %anvas splashed :ithspe%ta%ular %olors. *aylana Lake is the pere%t pla%e to relaC or havepi%ni%s. ; you are interested in birds then this pla%e :ill urtherinterest you. Also kno:n by the name o #ratap Sagar the area

around this lake :as on%e ull o :ild bears. ;t served as a se%uredhunting pla%e or the royal members. But :ith the in%rease inpopulation it has not remained so.

8odhpur gets a :ater supply o 197 million litres daily ,1&&&/ :ith aper %apita supply o 197 litres per day. "he main sour%e o :atersupply to the %ity is rom Ra+iv <andhi Lit anal :hi%h is about 2=&kms. rom the %ity.

"he %ity produ%es over 3== metri% tonnes o :aste per day ,1&&&/:ith an average o about 3== grams per %apita per day. 'ost o the:aste produ%ed in the %ity is disposed oP by %rude open dumping atpresent.

At a time :hen a%ute :ater shortage has be%ome a %ause o grave%on%ern in the desert state o Ra+asthan 8odhpur a%es an alarmingsituation o rapid rise in ground:ater level that has started seepinginto houses.

!hile it is diO%ult to dra: :ater rom the ground in most parts o Ra+asthan government ma%hinery as :ell as many lo%als here are

or%ed to pump out large amount o :ater rom :ells and thebasements o houses.

<round:ater level has been rising or more than a de%ade in at least0= per %ent o the land area in the %ity and in some areas it isbarely a e: %entimetres belo: the sura%e.

"he government has no: start pumping out :ater rom :ells andother resour%es in order to maintain the :ater table.

D<round:ater level in several parts is rising sin%e 1&&- ater the %ity

started getting drinking :ater rom the Ra+iv <andhi lit %anal.urrently there are many areas in the %ity :ith :ater availability atless than ?ve metresD %hie engineer o <round !ater epartment,<!/ pdesh *aran 'athur said.

D#rimary studies suggest that the :ater table :as disturbed due todouble or triple times in%rease in :ater ino: rom the %anal in the*ayalana lake here rom :here the :ater is supplied to the entire%ityD 'athur said.

'athur said that the rise in :ater table %ould also be due to the:aning pra%ti%e o using :ater rom traditional sour%es.



D#eople stopped using traditional :ater resour%es ater the :atersupply rom the %anal began :hi%h probably helped in raising the:ater tableD he said.

GCperts eel that improper drainage system leakages in pipe lines

in%reased :ater supply and other geographi%al a%tors are otherreasons behind the problem.

"he %ity is no: provided :ith about 05= lakh gallons o drinking:ater :hi%h is double the supply some 1=(12 years ago a #HGoO%ial said.

Speaking about relie measures #HG %hie engineer *' 'athursaid DAround 7= traditional :ater resour%es have been identi?ed topump out eC%ess :ater as instant relie. !e have started pumpingout rom 20 :ells in re%ent months and :ould soon start doing sorom others.

D6ur primary strategy is to pump out eC%ess :ater :hi%h is notpotable rom the %ity or agri%ultural purposes and other uses.Bet:een one lakh gallon :ater is being supplied to the BSF andsome gallons or beauti?%ation o gardens.D

istri%t %olle%tor )aveen 'aha+an said that eCperts rom )ational;nstitute o Hydrology Roorkee and )ational <eophysi%al Resear%h;nstitute Hydrabad :ill soon %arry out studies to ?nd out the eCa%t

reason or the rise in the :ater table.

8odhpur evelopment Authority ,8A/ has already stopped givingpermissions or digging and %onstru%tion o basements.

D!e are not giving permission or basements in the %ity andad+oining areas sin%e February this year as a part o an a%tion planto %ontrol the dangerous situationD 8A %ommissioner <aurav <oyalsaid adding a revie: o the de%ision :ill be taken ater revie:ingstudy results :hi%h are eCpe%ted neCt year.

D;t is like a terror situation or us be%ause hal o the %ity %an%ollapse :ith a slight tremor as building oundations are:eakeningD lo%al shopkeeper Harish *umar said.

D; have installed ?ve ma%hines to pump out :ater rom my shopEsbasement and they are :orking %onstantly. ; get our to ?ve eet o :ater i ; stop the ma%hines or a dayD he %laimed.

"he lo%als said :ater :as seeping into the basements o theirhouses or the last t:o to three years but the speed has in%reased

in the past e: months.



An oO%ial sour%e said that :hile 2=3 out o the 237 blo%ks :erelabelled as sae in 1&-0 only 3= blo%ks have been ound sae in2==-.

A blo%k is %ategorised as sae i the ground:ater level is maintained

and its eCtra%tion is around 9= per %ent.

'ost o these sae blo%ks are only in a e: distri%ts like Bans:ara<anganagar Hanumangarh :here the level is maintained due to:ater logging in some %anal areas

&. *o%hi

&.1 Periyar River

#eriyar ,meaning@ big river/ is a river o:ing in the state "amilnadu U

*erala ;ndia :ith a length o 200 km in *erala. ;t is one o the e:

perennial rivers in the region and provides drinking :ater or several ma+or

to:ns. "he ;dukki am on the #eriyar generates a signi?%ant proportion o

*eralaEs ele%tri%al po:er.

;t originates rom the Sivagiri peaks ,1-==m 'SL/ o Sundaramala in "amil

)adu."he total length is about 200 km :ith a %at%hment area o 53&-

km2 ,52-0 km2. in *erala 110 km2. in "amil )adu/. ;t o:s north:ards

or 0- km and at "hekkady +oins the :est(o:ing 'ullayar :hi%h is a

tributary o the periyar. "he 'ullaperiyar dam is %onstru%ted at the

%onuen%e o both the rivers #eriyar and 'ullayar to %reate the #eriyarlake and reservoir and the #eriyar )ational #ark.

From #eriyar "hekkady lake and reservoir :ater is diverted east:ards to

"amil )adu via a tunnel enabling the :ater to +oin the Vaigai River. From

#eriyar "hekkady Reservoir the #eriyar river o:s north:est:ard or 35

km through Vandiperiyar Glappara and Aiyyappankoil to +oin the ;dukki

reservoir ormed by the ;dukki heruthoni and *ulamavu dams. From

;dukki reservoir #eriyar river o:s north:est:ards and then :est:ard to

+oin the Arabian sea at 'unambam near *odungallur and the Vembanad

lake at *o%hi.

1=. *olkata1=.1 River Hooghly

"he ob+e%tive o the :ater supply department *olkata 'uni%ipalorporation ,*'/ is to provide uninterrupted :ater supply to theresidents o *olkata. "he key a%tivities undertaken by thedepartment are@

• <eneration@ "he river Hoogly is the main sour%e o :ater

supply or *olkata. Ater dra:ing :ater rom the river *'

treats the :ater at ;ndira <andhi !ater "reatment #lant ,!"#/o %apa%ity 27= million gallons per day at #alta !ater !orks.



!ater rom this :ater :orks is sent to "allah pumping stationor temporary storage and on:ard distribution to the ity.

• istribution@ !ater supply department has divided the %ityinto 9 ones based on hydrauli% pattern and best engineeringpra%ti%es. "he seven ones are@ entral )orth South !est

8adavpur nit SS<R and "ube !ell ,"!/. !ater is suppliedthrough :ater pipe net:ork to all over the ity or ultimateutilisation by domesti% as :ell as ;; onsumers.

• 6ther !orks@ !ater Supply epartment also supplies :ater orshipping supply through tankers regular use and emergen%yhandling o maintenan%e :orks.

an there possibly be a s%ar%ity o :ater at the geographi%allo%ation o *olkata in the :orld>s largest river delta As to +udgerom the ?rst impression this is not so. #ubli% :ater sour%es are

s%attered around the %ity :ith pumps and :ells distributed alongma+or roads :here the :ater mains run.;t is around these :ater sour%es that habitats and e%onomiesemerge. Families have installed shelters ,:hi%h oten double asvending spa%es during the day/ tea stalls and street kit%hens%luster :here :ater to :ash their dishes is easily available. "he other interesting thing about *olkata>s :ater distribution systemis that the %ity has t:o separate net:orks ,in addition toinnumerable private bore:ells/@ 6ne or ?ltered ,drinking/ :aterand one or un?ltered river :ater or :ashing %lothes ushingtoilets and the like. A grey :ater system at a %ity s%ale o:ing to

:ise urban planning that oresa: the %ity>s uture gro:th and :aterissues as the inrastru%ture :as ?rst built "he very idea o %onstant publi%ly a%%essible :ater supply is one o eCemplary so%ial ideals and the separation o ?ltered and un?ltered:ater systems or diPerent types o use has great e%ologi%albene?ts. ;ntelligent as this system may seem it appears that it is%ausing so many problems today as to make the %ity plan to uit thedistribution o un?ltered :ater %ompletely. ue to leakages in theageing pipes the drinking :ater is oten %ontaminated oO%ials%laim thereore endangering people>s health. Also many o thepoor do not distinguish bet:een the hand pumps delivering ?ltered:ater and the :ells delivering un?ltered :ater :hen they ?ll their%ups or drinking. And it is no se%ret that the Hooghly riverespe%ially so at this do:nstream lo%ation is highly polluted.; the se%ondary :ater supply :as %ut oP ho:ever this :ould notonly eCa%erbate ,uture/ :ater s%ar%ity but many people :ould belet :ithout a%%ess to :ater or their non(drinking needs.A%%ording to oO%ial statisti%s the %ity today has a supply o 2=2litres o drinking :ater per person and day. "hat is more than t:i%ethe per %apita amount available in 'umbai. 4et *olkata is gro:ingand ground:ater is eCploited to the eCtent it gets %ontaminated

:ith saline :ater in many areas. "he %ity is starting to think about



:ater supply as a problem and to plan or ne: :ays to deal :iththis situation.;n this %onteCt it :ould be a huge mistake to negle%t the eCistingse%ondary system o river :ater pipes. Fresh :ater pipes need to beprooed against leakages :hether the sour%e o %ontamination be

un?ltered river :ater storm:ater runoP or se:age. And there is ahuge potential the eCisting system %ould be used in innovative :aysor grey :ater storage by interlinking both net:orks as to eed grey:ater ba%k into the pipes ater usage thereore redu%ing not onlyresh :ater demand but also se:age loads. "his or *olkata might be one important $ and ineCpensive $%omponent o absorbing gro:th in :ater demand in a sustainablemanner.

1=.2 ;ndira <andhi !ater "reatment #lantHooghly River is the main sour%e o potable sura%e :ater or the%ity o *olkata supplied rom the age(old #alta !ater !orks no:re%hristened as ;ndira <andhi !ater "reatment #lant. "he #alta!ater !orks spreading over a spra:ling stre%hh o 0-= a%res :asthe ?rst intake point %onstru%ted during 1-70(1-9= or generationand supply o :ater. ;nitiated :ith a humble %apa%ity o 7 mgd,million gallon per day/ ?ltered :ater :as generated throughsedimentation in pre and ?nal settling tanks and slo: sand?lteration in the 6ld Series o 12 ?lter beds. Further addition o 20beds :ith a %apa%ity o 1 mgd per bed :as made during the period1---(1-&3. ;n 1&=5 ?lter beds :ith 2 mgd %apa%ity %alled )e:

Series :as started . Further addition took pla%e in bet:een 1&2=and 1&37 :hen 19 nos. o 3mgd %apa%ity and 1 no.o 2mgd %apa%ity?lter beds %alled GCtension Series :ere introdu%ed.

;t is said that old is gold and the relentless servi%e o this age(oldpumping station is %ertainly proving the point. !ith an output o 13=mgd the plant seems to have perenial %apa%ity to serve.

"he slo: sand ?lternation system is an ePe%tive and reliable system:hi%h does not reuired daily :ashing. A single bed %an :ork upto1== to 12= days.Formation o a biologi%al mat soon ater ePe%tive

%harging removes turbidity%olour and mi%rooraganismsby &5Q.ue to this pro%essreuirement o %hlorine as a disine%tant o about 1= to 2= mm o top sand layerr every 1== daymake the bedready or reuse.

Further development took pla%e :ith the introdu%tion o rapidgravity ?lter :ith 12 beds and 2= mgd %apa%ity during 1&52. "hispro%ess helped in redu%ing the sedimentation time. ;n 1&7-another7= mgd rapid gravity ?lteration unit :as added.

"he present arrangement did not ho:everseem to suO%e thedemand level. ;n 2==2*' supplied 2-1 mgd o :ateralling short



o the demand by almost 5= mgd. Ho:everin 2==3the averagesupply rose to 330 mgd meeting nearly &=Q o reuirement.*eeping in tune :ith the gro:ing rate o population andproportionally a%%elerating rate o demand*' has undertakenseveral %apa%ity enhan%ement and upgradation programmes and

hopes to eC%eed the demand by 2==5.

)e: #alta !ater !okrs at ;ndira <andhi !ater "reatment #lantis anotable step in this development pro%ess. ;t is a 1== mgd :atergeneration pro+e%t. "his s%heme:hi%h is to be %ommissioned on2&th 8uly 2==0urther augments the %apa%ity o #alta by 7=mgdtaking the already %ommissioned 2= mgd treatment plantouto the planned 1== mgd additional supply. "his along :ith thein%reased supply rom <arden Rea%h !ater !orks:ill in%rease theper %apita :ater supply to 230 liters per day rom the present 2=2liters per day. "his :ould indeed be a eather in the %ap o *' as itben%hmarks the highest :ater supply level in the %ountry.

11. Lu%kno:11.1 Dandnamau Ghat (Gomti River)

;n%reasing population gro:th o the %ity %oupled :ith in%reasing

%ommer%ial and industrial a%tivity has resulted in rising :ater pollution

both in the River <omti as :ell as o the ground :ater sour%es. "he

pollution levels have been urther aggravated by the la%k o treatment or

disposal a%ilities or solid and liuid :astes.

As per .#. #ollution ontrol Board the River <omti :ater is ?t or drinking

ater treatment at andnamau <hat but :hen it enters Lu%kno: %ity at

<aughat 29 drains %arrying domesti% se:age dis%harge dire%tly into it

thus deteriorating the :ater uality. ;t is estimated that these drains

dis%harge around 32 million litres o se:erage and household :astes ea%h

day into the River <omti. "he release o industrial eWuents along the

%ourse o the river urther aggravates the problem and the :ater is

rendered highly un?t or drinking. Although the 8al Sansthan treats the

river :ater beore supplying to the ity %onsumers do not %onsider this to

be sae. Being able to address the pollution o the River <omti is an areao great %on%ern or the residents o the ity. "here are a large number o

kat%ha slum bastees and lo: in%ome mohallas lo%ated along the main

nullahs in the %ore area o the %ity :here the problems o poor solid :aste

management drainage and sanitation are %losely interrelated and

parti%ularly severe.

12.Ludhiana

12.1 Sidh:an anal

"he Ludhiana %ity does not have any perennial sour%e o :ater. "he Sutle+and its bran%h the Budha )allah %onstitutes the %hie Hydrographi%



eatures o the Ludhiana distri%t. Sutle+ River is situated on the northern

side o the %ity approCimately 15 km a:ay rom the %ity %entre. Ho:ever

the river is dry most o the time o the year be%ause o %onstru%tion o

Bhakra dam on the upstream side. ;t is only during monsoon season that

the river has :ater o:ing into it. Hen%e the river %annot use as the

sour%e or supply o :ater.

Sidh:an anal is a distributory o a main %anal originating rom Bhakra

dam o:s through the sourthern part o the %ity. "he %anal has a sieable

dis%harge o 17== %use%s o :ater. Ho:ever the %anal :ater is meant or

irrigation and hen%e not used or domesti% supply in Ludhiana %ity.

13. 'ysore

13.1 *rishna Ra+a Sagara dam , *RS am /

*rishna Ra+a Sagara also popularly kno:n as *RS is the name o both alake and the dam that %reates it. ;t is lo%ated %lose to the settlement o

*rishnara+asagara. "he dam is a%ross *averi River in 'andya istri%t near

'ysore in *arnataka state ;ndia. "here is an ornamental garden atta%hed

to the dam %alled Brindavan <ardens."he dam :as built a%ross river

*averi the lie giving river or the 'ysore and 'andya distri%ts in 1&20.

Apart rom being the main sour%e o :ater or irrigation in the most ertile

'ysore and 'andya the reservoir is the main sour%e o drinking :ater or

all o 'ysore %ity and almost the :hole oBangalore %ity the %apital o the

state o *arnataka. "he :ater released rom this dam is urther used as an

important sour%e o :ater in the state o "amil )adu :hi%h has its o:n'ettur dam in the Salem distri%t. Sir 'okshagundam Visvesvarayya served

as the %hie engineer during the %onstru%tion o this dam. "he dam is

named or the then ruler o the 'ysore *ingdom *rishnara+a !odeyar ;V.

"he reservoir is named ater 'ahara+a *rishnara+a !odeyar ;V during

:hose rule Sir '.Visves:araya as hie Gngineer o 'ysore got the dam

built. *rishnara+asagara am is built using EsurkhiE a miCture o limestone

and bri%k po:der instead o %ement. ;t :as among the ?rst in the :orld to

use automati% slui%e gates. "he *RS dam is a %ivil engineering :onder and

the garden is one o the ma+or attra%tions near the %ity o 'ysore this

engineering marvel is spread over 15= a%res o land and provides

irrigation to more than 12==== a%res.

10.'umbai

10.1 #o:ai Lake

#o:ai Lake ,named ater Frama+i *avas+i #o:ai Gstate/ is an arti?%ial lake

situated in the northern suburb o 'umbai on Salsette ;sland in the #o:ai

valley :here a #o:ai village :ith a %luster o huts eCisted. "he %ity suburb

%alled #o:ai shares its name :ith the lake. ;ndian ;nstitute o "e%hnology

Bombay one o the premier institutions o s%ien%e and te%hnology in ;ndia



is lo%ated to the east o the lake. Another amous institution the )ational

;nstitute o ;ndustrial Gngineering ,);";G/ is also lo%ated %lose to the lake.

Housing %ompleCes and plush hotels are developed all around the lake

periphery. #opulation around the lake has thus substantially in%reased over

the years.

!hen it :as built the lake had a :ater spread area o about 2.1 suare

kilometres ,52= a%res/ and the depth varied rom about 3 metres ,&.- t/

,at the periphery/ to 12 metres ,3& t/ at its deepest.

"he #o:ai Lake has gone through many stages o :ater uality

degradation. "he lake :ater :hi%h used to supply to 'umbai or drinking

:ater has been de%lared un?t to drink. "he Lake still remains a tourist

attra%tion.

)istory+

Beore the lake :as built by the British in the year 19&& A.. the estate

:here the lake is no: lo%ated :as leased on a yearly rent to r. S%ott and

ater his death in 1-17 A.. the government took %ontrol o the estate in

1-27 A.. and leased it on%e again to 'r. Frama+i *avas+i then the vi%e(

president o the Agri%ultural and Horti%ultural So%iety o !estern ;ndia

ater :hom the lake :as named :hen it :as built in 1-&1.

A stream tributary o the 'ithi river :hi%h served the #o:ai villageEs

:ater supply needs :as dammed in 1-&1 during the British period

initially to augment :ater supply to the Bombay %ity ,no: %alled 'umbai/

by %onstru%ting t:o dams o 1= m height ea%h to store the rain :aters

o:ing rom the lo:er slopes o the !estern <hats and streams rom the

eastern and northeastern slopes o hills.J5X ;t :as planned as an anti:ater

amine measure to the southeast o Vihar Lake ,a mu%h larger lake/ also

or :ater supply to 'umbai %ity.J7X "he s%heme :as taken in hand in

1--&. "hough it :as %ompleted :ithin a year at an initial %ost o more

than Rs. 75==== and started providing t:o million gallons o :ater per

day it had to be abandoned due to the hue and %ry against the uality o

the :ater. Five lakhs o rupees more :ere spent on the s%heme in 1&1& in

a vain attempt to restore the supply at least or the use o the suburbs

but this too :as given up :ith the development o the "ansa :orks.

Ater the drinking :ater supply ob+e%tive o the lake :as abandoned in the

early 1-&=s in vie: o poor uality o the :ater stored %aused due to

pollution :ater hya%inth and :eeds untreated se:age and large silt

deposit the lake :as leased out to the !estern ;ndia Fishing Asso%iation a

uasi government organisation :ho used it or both ?sh %ulture and

angling. Later the Bombay #residen%y Angling Asso%iation :as ormed in

1&37 and later in 1&55 under the So%ieties Registration A%t 1-7= it :as

registered as M"he 'aharashtra State Angling Asso%iationN ,'SAA/ and the

lake is no: under their %ontrol. Realising the gravity o the environmental



pollution o the lake the 'SAA has revised its %onstitution to a%tively %are

or %lean develop maintain and beautiy the Gnvironment at #o:ai Lake.

'SAA is no: involved :ith a/ removal o :ater Hya%inth inestation b/

supporting resear%h :ith Fisheries ept.or %onservation o the ;ndian

'ahaseer %/ !ater uality analysis d/ and augmenting se%urity.

,ccess+

"he lake is about 0= kilometres ,25 mi/ rom 'umbai by road and is

approa%hed via *ingEs ir%le Sion and *urla or through Santa ru and

Andheri. *an+urmarg on the %entral main line o the 'umbai Suburban

Rail:ay is the nearest rail:ay station to the lake.

)ydrolo(y and water uality+

#o:ai Lake 'umbai overo:ing ater rains o 27 and 29 8uly 2==5

;t is reported that the average rainall at #o:ai is about 250= %entimetres

,1=== in/ and the lake overo:s or about or siCty days ea%h year. "he

overo: rom the lake o:s into the 'ithi River. Silt studies %ondu%ted in

1&&5 estimates that 05== lakh %ubi% metres o silt has been deposited in

the lake sin%e its %onstru%tion. ;t supplied t:o million gallons o :ater to

Bombay ,no: 'umbai/ :hen it :as built. Follo:ing the %onstru%tion o the

"ansa dam and %reation o the reservoir in 1-&2 #o:ai :aters :ere used

or irrigation. "he lake drains a %at%hment o 7.71 km2 ,part o the #o:ai(

*anheri hill ranges :hi%h also drain into the ad+oining Vihar Lake and "ulsi

Lake/. "he dam built in stone masonry has a height varying rom 3 m to7m :ith top level o the dam kept at G.L. 5-.5 m ,:ith "o:n hall datum/.

J&X <overnment o 'aharashtra reports that due to eutrophi%ation o the

lake :ater rom untreated se:age and garbage rom nearby residential

and slum %olonies the lake :ater is un?t or drinking :ater use. Hen%e

the lake is no: used or re%reation gardening %attle :ashing and ?shing.

"he :ater o the lake is also supplied to Aarey %olony and LU" or non

domesti% uses. issolved 6Cygen ,6/ level at the bottom o the lake is

reported to be =.91 mglitre and at sura%e 0.11 mglitre average value o

pH is 9.2 and 6 is 02.9= mglitre on the sura%e and 11& mglitre at the

bottom o the lake.

Lae re/u*enation+

Appre%iating the problem o silting gro:th o :ater hya%inth :eed and

eutrophi%ation o the lake the ;;" BombayEs lass o 1&-= laun%hed a

DRevitaliation o #o:ai LakeN :ith the ob+e%tive o restoring the lake to its

original pristine and sustainable orm by adopting G%o(riendly designs and

materials or the restoration :orks.

Some o the tasks proposed to be undertaken :ith the unds donated by

;;" Bombay in%luded@



Y Removing :ater hya%inth and :eeds rom the lake in parts nearest to

the %ampus

Y Starting a publi%ity and an a:areness program in the area

Y Building embankments :alk:ays and path:ays to the lake

Y onstru%ting a large gaebo or an evening ,or morning or aternoon/ by

the lake

Y #lanting trees and %reating a garden

Y ;nstalling do%ks deploying boats and %anoes

Y Allo%ating unds or annual maintenan%e

"he pro+e%t :as proposed to be proessionally managed :ith a pro+e%t

manager :orking under dire%tives o ;;" Bombay :ith an M6versightommitteeM to monitor ob+e%tives set or the restoration :ork.

;n 1&&5 the )ational Lake onservation #lan ,)L#/ o the 'inistry o

Gnvironment and Forests ,'oGUF/<overnment o ;ndia revie:ed the

%ondition o #o:ai Lake and in%luded the Lake in its list o ten ma+or lakes

in the %ountry or revival and improvements. "he restorationrevival

programme ully unded by the )L# :as laun%hed in April 2==2 and

implemented by Bombay 'uni%ipal orporation ,B'/ no: %alled

Brihanmumbai 'uni%ipal orporation ,B'/ the <overnment o

'aharashtra and as a result the status o the lake has undergone a ma+or

shit rom the hypertrophi% %ondition to mesotrophi% %ondition by adopting

a novel te%hniue o aeration and bioremediation. "his has resulted in the

lake being used or ?shing and re%reational purposes.

esiltin( 1ro/ect+

"he LakeEs :ater depth is reported to have redu%ed to as little as =.33

metres ,1.1 t/ at some lo%ations on a%%ount o the large ino: o se:age

domesti% :aste :ater and silt rom surrounding residential and industrial

areas.

Brihanmumbai 'uni%ipal orporation ,B'/ has thereore plans to desilt

the #o:ai Lake at a %ost o S Z& million.

auna+

Large number o %ro%odiles on the lake side have been sighted on the

shores o the lake and also reported by ?shermen and oO%ials o ;;"

#o:ai.J10X !hite throated king?sher small blue king?sher spot(billed

du%k spotted dove a e: purple moorhens purple rumped sunbirds

brone :inged and phaesant tailed +a%anas ashy prinias brahmany kite

Red vented red :hiskered and :hite bro:ed bulbuls %ormorants lesser:histling du%ks grey purple and pond herons little intermediate and



large egrets perigrine al%on greater %ou%al rose ringed and AleCindrine

parakits Gurasian marsh harrier ,possibly :inter visitor/ :ooly ne%ked

stork ,:inter visitor/ hopooe U :hiskered terns. butteries honey bees

bumble bees and beetles have also been sighted.J15X

lora+

Balsam bushes in their ull bloom in pink(purple %olor are seen around

the lake periphery like a %arpet.

10.2 8al Aadhik *endra

15.)agpur

15.1 <ore:ada "ank

!ater supply to )agpur ity :as dra:n rom three sura%e sour%es vi.

<ore:ada "ank *anhan river and #en%h %anal. <ore:ada tank sour%e :as

developed in the year 1&11. As %ity gre: and the need or :ater

in%reased <ore:ada tank sour%e be%ame inadeuate. As augmentation

:as not possible due to site %onditions sura%e :ater sour%e rom river

*anhan 15 km. a:ay rom %ity :as %onsidered as perennial sour%e.

;n 1&97 the ;rrigation epartment <ovt. o 'aharashtra eCe%uted a

storage dam a%ross river #en%h or hydroele%tri% pro+e%t at "otaladoh and

pi%kup dam at )avegaon *hairy.!ith sour%e as #en%h am #en%h(; ;; U ;;;S%heme :as %ommissioned in 1&-2 1&-0 and 2==3 respe%tively. #en%h(;V

s%heme is under %onstru%tion.

<ore:ada Sour%e :as developed in the year 1&11. ;t %onsists o an

earthen bund a%ross river #ili at a distan%e o about - km to:ards )orth(

Gast o )agpur ity having gross and live storage %apa%ities -.-2 'm3 and

9.&2 'm3 respe%tively. 6n the do:nstream o <ore:ada "ank

%onventional !ater "reatment #lant o 17.= 'L %apa%ity is %onstru%ted.

"reated :ater is %olle%ted in pure :ater sump and then pumped to

Seminary hills <.S.R or urther distribution.

3resent ,nnual Water Reser*ation 4 ,ctual rawel+

Source

Annual Reservation

Actual Drawel

(As per Billing to NMC)

Mm3 /

yearMLD Mm3 / year MLD

an!an River ""#$$ %"$#&$ '3#$ %$#$$

*enc! *ro+ect (*RBC) ,

Ma!a-ula

%%#$$ 3$.#

%'3#$$

'$$#$$&#$$ %3##&



0orewa-a La1e "#$ %.#$$ .#$ $#$$

2otal "$#$ .&#3$ %&#.$ "'$#$$

3resent 5reated Water Su11ly+

an!an ater or1s %$#$$ Ml-

*enc! *!ase 4 5 137.== Ml-

*enc! *!ase 4 55 %'$#$$ Ml-

*enc! *!ase 4 5556 Stage 4 5 %$$#$$ to %$#$ Ml-

7l- 0orewa-a %.#$$ Ml-

2otal "$$#$$ to "3$#$$ Ml-

15.2 *anhan !ater Sour%e@

Sura%e :ater intake lo%ated approCimately 10 km rom )agpur ityand 3== m. do:nstream o the %onuen%e o the River *olar and theRiver *anhan :as %onstru%ted in year 1&0=. ;n 1&57 a barrage :as%onstru%ted a%ross *anhan River about 5== m upstream o *anhanhead :orks :ith a storage %apa%ity o 9.-2 'm3. *anhan !aterSupply S%heme :as %ommissioned in our phases during the years1&0= ( 1&9=. "he ?rst phase %apa%ity in 1&0= :as 29.3 'L :hi%h:as augmented to 73.7 'L in 1&50. "he %apa%ity :as urtheraugmented to -7.3 'L in 1&77 and ?nally to 1=& 'L in 1&9=.

nder this s%heme t:o intake :ells in *anhan river bed and t:o dry:ells on the right bank o *anhan River are %onstru%ted. Ra: :ateris pumped to %onventional treatment plant o 1=& 'L %apa%ity. "reated :ater rom the "reatment #lant is pumped to <.S.R. o %apa%ity 22.90 'L at <overnment House through 7== to &== mmdia. '.S. parallel rising mains o length 15.20 km. :hi%h areinter%onne%ted to ea%h other.

17. )asik

17.1 <angapur am )ear village <anga:adi

)ashik %ity is situated on the banks o river <odavari and its

tributaries namely )asardi !aghadi arna and !aldevi. 6n the

upstream o %ity <angapur darna Alandi *ashyapi and <autami

<odavari dams are %onstru%ted on <odavari and its tributaries.

<angapur dam is the nearest storage dam situated 15 km upstream

o )ashik %ityhaving gated spill:ay %ompleted in 1&75. ue to

moderation o oods rom upstream dams there is a tenden%y or

en%roa%hment in lo: lying ood plain o rivers threby %reating

problems o urther aWuC in oods and res%ue and eva%uation

during re%rring oods. "



"his dam is near village <anga:adi and is 1= *m. rom )ashik

%ity."his is a earthen dam %onstru%ted in 1&50. "he total %at%hment

area o the dam is 359.0 S.km."he total dam length is 3-1= m. and

maCimum height o the dam is 37.59m. "he total <ross storage o

the dam is 215.-- '' ,9720 m%t/ and total Live storage is 2=3.97'' ,92== m%t/. "he lenght o the :aste :eir is 1=2 m. "here are

total & radial gates o sie ,&.15C7.1= m./ having the dis%harge

%apa%ity o 22&0 %ume%s ,-1=13 %use%s/. "he dam has t:o %anals

the let bank %anal is 70 *m. long and right bank %anal is 3= *m.

long. "he total irrigable area o this dam is 15&7= Ha.

19. #une19.1 *hadak:asla reservoir

*hadak:asla is a dam situated 2= km rom the ity o #une in'aharashtra ;ndia. "his dam is one o the main sour%es o :ater or #une.

;n the vi%inity o the dam there is a ental entre a Veterinary Hospital

the :ell(kno:n )ational een%e A%ademy and entral !ater U #o:er

Resear%h Station,!#RS/. 8ust a e: kilometres up the road lies Sinhagad

Fort and the t:in dams o #anshet and Varasgaon :hi%h mainly supply

:ater or irrigation. ;n 1&71 the *hadak:asla am had to be blo:n as

the #anshet am overo:ed %ausing devastating oods in #une. "he dam

:as later rebuilt. "he original dam built in 1-9& as a masonry gravity dam

:as the ?rst o its kind in the :orld.

*hadak:asla is a moderate sied dam on the 'utha river lo%ated about2= kilometers south:est o the %ity o #une and named ater the nearby

village o *hadak:asla. "his dam is one o the main sour%es o :ater or

the %ity o #une. 8ust a e: kilometers up the road rom the dam lies the

Sinhagad Fort and the t:in dams o #anshet and Varasgaon :hi%h mainly

supply :ater or irrigation. ;n 1&71 the *hadak:asla am had to be

blo:n as the #anshet am overo:ed %ausing devastating oods in the

%ity o #une.

"he dam :as later rebuilt... "here are three outlets or *hadkvasla am

?rst one is 'utha right %anal se%ond is baby %anal no: instead o baby%anal :e have a %lose 'S pipe line measuring 1= t or 3.=3 m in

diameter."he third outlet opens into the river.

*HAA*!ASLA

• L6A";6)@ Haveli "aluka

• LG)<"H@ 1&3&m

• HG;<H"@ 31.9&m

•

S"R"RG@ omposite• S"6RA<G A#A;"4@ 390 ''3 ,'illion %ubi% meters/



• 4GAR 6F 6)S"R";6)@ 1-7&

• #A)SHG" $"anan+i Sagar Reservoir

• L6A";6)@ Velhe "aluka

• LG)<"H@ 975m

• HG;<H"@ 5-.-3m

• S"R"RG@ omposite• S"6RA<G A#A;"4@ 3=3 ''3

• 4GAR 6F 6)S"R";6)@ 1&7=

• Broke U ooded #une in 1&71

*hadak:asla am@ Built by the British in 1-97 small %anal running parallel

to the 'utha brought the :ater to #une. Some o the pipe lines laid about

15= years ago still eCist. ":o %anals vi. 'utha Right Bank anal and the

'utha Let Bank anal :ere dra:n. !ater in the 'utha Right Bank anal

:as dire%ted to:ards S:argate !ater #uri?%ation #lant and ater

puri?%ation it :as being supplied to #une %ity. pto the year 1&7- theS:argate !ater #uri?%ation plant played the main role in :ater supply in

#une.

19.2 !ater "reatment #lant at #arvati

"his #lant it is %ommissioned in t:o steps or stages. First stage it

%ommissioned in year 1&7& ,By andi?lters/ U se%ond it is %ommissioned

in year 1&92,By Hindustan ons. ompony/. Both stages are un%tionally

identi%al the only diPeren%e is in their :ater puri?%ation %apa%ity. "he ?rst

stage is having :ater puri?%ation %apa%ity o 0- '< i.e. 219.&2 'L.

Se%ond Stage it is having :ater puri?%ation %apa%ity o 9= '< i.e. 319.-'L. "he total %apa%ity o #arvati !.!. is 11- '< i.e. 535.92 'L. "hese

plant run %ompletely under gravity.

Sour%es( *hadakvasla am is our ire%t Sour%e o ra: :ater. *hadkvasla

am in turn may re%eive :ater rom #anshet dam !arasgaon am or

rom "emghar am. So :e may say that these three ams a%t as an

indire%t Sour%es o Ra: !ater.

1-. Raipur1-.1 "elibandha talab

"elibandha "alab lies on the most busy <G Road o the %ity.

1-.2 Budha talab

Budha "alab literal meaning aged ,burha/ lake ,talab/ Burha "alab isthe largest lake in the %ity. ;ts beauty is enhan%ed by an islandla%ed :ith green trees and gardens situated in the middle o thelake.;t is situated in purani basti opposite to Shyam "alkies.

1-.3 'ahara+abandh talab



1&. Surat1&.1 "apir River

"he "api River an%ient original name "api River is a river in %entral ;ndia. ;t

is one o the ma+or rivers o peninsular ;ndia :ith a length o around 920

kilometres ,05= mi/. ;t is one o only three rivers in peninsular ;ndia that

run rom east to :est ( the others being the )armada River and the 'ahiRiver. "he river rises in the eastern Satpura Range o southern 'adhya

#radesh state and o:s :est:ard draining 'adhya #radeshEs )imar

region 'aharashtraEs *andesh and east Vidarbha regions in the north:est

%orner o the e%%an #lateau and south <u+arat beore emptying into the

<ul o ambay o the Arabian Sea in the Surat istri%t o <u+arat. "he

river along :ith the northern parallel )armada river orm the boundaries

bet:een )orth and South ;ndia. "he !estern <hats or Sahyadri range

starts south o the "apti River near the border o <u+arat and 'aharashtra.

"he "apti ,"api/ River empties into the <ul o *hambhat near the %ity o

Surat in <u+arat.

)ame

"he "api River originates in the Betul distri%t rom a pla%e %alled 'ultai.

"he Sanskrit name o 'ultai is 'ulatapi meaning origin o "[p\ '[t[ or

the "apti River.

"[pt\ is the daughter o Surya the Sun <od and his :ie hhaya.

"he "api River in "hailand :as named ater ;ndiaEs "apti River in August

1&15.

River basin and tributaries

"he "api River basin en%ompasses an area o 75105 km :hi%h is nearly

t:o per%ent o the total area o ;ndia. "he basin lies in the states o

'aharashtra ,515=0 km/ 'adhya #radesh ,&-=0 km/ and <u+arat

,3-39 km/.

"he basin lies mostly in the northern and eastern distri%ts 'aharashtra

state in%luding Amravati Akola Buldhana !ashim 8algaon hule

)andurbar and )ashik distri%ts but also in%ludes the Betul and Burhanpur

distri%ts o 'adhya #radesh and the Surat distri%t o <u+arat.

List o tributaries

"he prin%ipal tributaries o the "apti River are the #urna River <irna River

#anara River !aghur River Bori River and Aner River. 6ther tributaries

in%lude@

• Shiva River in )andurbar distri%t o 'aharashtra State

• <omai River in )andurbar• Vaki River in )andurbar



• Arunavati River in hule distri%t o 'aharashtra state

• Burai River in hule

• #anara River in 8algaon hule distri%ts o 'aharashtra state

• *aan River in hule

• Bori River in 8algaon

• Aner River in 8algaon hule• <irna River in )ashik 'alegaon 8algaon distri%ts o 'aharashtra

state. 8oins "apti River at *apilesh:ar at hule and 8algaon Border

• "itur River in 8algaon

• 'ausam River in 'alegaon

• !aghur River in 8algaon Aurangabad

• #urna River in Amravati Akola Buldhana 8algaon distri%ts o

'aharashtra state and 'adhya #radesh State. 8oins "apti River athangdev in 8algaon

• )alganga River in Buldhana

• Vish:aganga River in Buldhana

• )ipani River in Buldhana

• 'ann River in Buldhana Akola distri%ts o 'aharashtra state

• 'as River in Buldhana Akola

• ta:ali River in Buldhana Akola

• Vish:amitri River in Akola

• )irguna River in !ashimAkola

• <andhari River in Akola

• Aas River in Akola

• Vaan River in Buldhana Akola Amravati distri%ts o 'aharashtrastate

• 'orna River in Akola !ashim• Shahanur River in Akola Amravati

• Bhavkhuri River in Amravati

• *atepurna River in Akola !ashim distri%ts o 'aharashtra state

• maa River in Akola !ashim

• #endhi River in Akola Amravati

• handrabhaga River in Amravati

• Bhules:ari River in Amravati

• Aarna River in Amravati

• <adga River in Amravati distri%t o 'aharashtra state

•

Sipna River in Amravati• *hapra River in Amravati

• *handu River in Amravati

• "igriy River in Amravati

• Surkhi River in Amravati

• Burshi River in Amravati distri%t o 'aharashtra state

• <an+al River in Betul distri%t o 'adhya #radesh state

• Ambhora River U "a:a in Betul distri%t o 'adhya #radesh state

• )esu River in Surat distri%t o <u+arat state

2=. "rivandrum2=.1 Aruvikkara am



Aruvikkara is a village in "hiruvananthapuram distri%t in the state o *erala ;ndia. ;t is lo%ated on the banks o the *aramana River 15 kmrom"hiruvananthapuram the %apital o the state o *erala in South;ndia. "he reservoir and garden makes it a tourist spot. ;t is amousor the an%ientBhagavathi temple dedi%ated to urga the divine

embodiment o Female po:er :hi%h is built on a ro%k. "he streamin ront o the temple %ontains large ?shes :hi%h are ed by thedevotees visiting the shrine. "he Head Kuarters o the !ellington!ater istribution pro+e%t is lo%ated here. "he small Aruvikara dam,mini dam/ :hi%h provides :ater to the state %apital "hiruvananthapuram is also lo%ated in Aruvikara. As o 2==1 ;ndia%ensus Aruvikkara had a population o 32717 :ith 15&3& males and17799 emales.

Aruvikkara am is lo%ated in "hiruvananthapuram istri%t o *erala.;t is built a%ross the *aramana River and is around 17 km north o "hiruvananthapuram %ity. "he dam supplies :ater to "hiruvananthapuram %ity.

21. Vadodra

21.1 Saya+i Sarovar ,A+:a Lake/

Saya+i Sarovar also kno:n as A+:a Lake is lo%ated about 22 kmrom Vadodara in <u+arat. Formed by damming the Surya River andVaghali )ala Saya+i is the prin%ipal sour%e o :ater in the %ity. !orkon the s%heme :as started in 1--5 and :as %ompleted in 1-&=. "he

prime attra%tion here is a garden %oupled :ith illuminated ountainspatterned ater the amous Vrindavan <arden in 'ysore.

22. Vishakapatnam

22.1 'udasarlova Reservoir

Visakhapatnam has %ome a long :ay sin%e 1-&1 :hen thepopulation did not eC%eed 3-===. !ith the steep rise in thepopulation and :ith the %oupling o urbaniation :ithindustrialiation treated drinking :ater supplied or human

%onsumption :orks out to 1&2 gallons per day as against the 0==gallons per day as per the norms o the !orld Health 6rganisation. "he %ity is divided into 5= :ards %overing 91 lo%alities. "here are 1&minor %at%hments :ithin the %orporation area and the importantminor :atersheds in the immediate environs are theHanumanthavaka 'eghadrigedda and )arvagedda. "he prin%ipalsour%e o :ater supply to Visakhapatnam are the reservoirs builta%ross the stream %ourses in :ater shed areas and rom the "atipudireservoir built a%ross the <ostani river lo%ated 9= kms rom the %ity.

6udasarlo*a water su11ly syste$



"his is the ?rst prote%ted :ater supply s%heme to the %ity and :as%onstru%ted in 1&=2. "he present yield rom this sour%e is 0.== lakhgallons per day.

6udasarlo*a 3ar

"his #ark developed neCt to the 'udasarlova Reservoir is set up inthe one o the pi%turesue valleys o Viag So near to Viag but so%alm.eveloped ad+a%ent to 'udasarlova heruvu :hi%h is ed by theSprings originating From *ambalakonda and *ailasa Hill Ranges'udasarlova is the ma+or Sour%e o rinking !ater "o Viag. "hepark has the best set up possible or pi%ni%king. "his beautiul sitenear the lake nestles amidst hills and palm trees. "here are prettyparks ull o beautiul o:ers and diPerent types o trees ountainsbirds in %ages as :ell as several pi%ni% spots. "here is also aneC%ellent s%eni% <ol ourse lub lo%ated here.

Know Your Source of Water

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