kjrh ds ijs

ekfld foKku if=dk`50

fnlEcj 2015ekfld foKku if=dkekfld foKku if=dk`50

fnlEcj 2015

foKku ds {ks= esa o"kZ 2015 ds ukscsy iqjLdkj

tSo mipkj }kjk /kkfRod iznw"k.k fuokj.k

/kjrh ds ijs

tgk¡ vkSj Hkh gSa

2� vkfo"dkj & fnlEcj 2015

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LraHk

l ^vkfo"dkj* us'kuy fjlpZ fMosyiesaV dkjiksjs'ku ¼,uvkjMhlh½ }kjk izdkf'kr foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh yksdfiz; foKku ekfld if=dk gSA l ^vkfo"dkj* esa fdlh ys[k ds izdk'ku gsrq p;u ds lanHkZ esa laiknd dk fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA izdkf'kr ys[kksa vkSj ys[kdksa }kjk Hksts x, fp=ksa dh ekSfydrk ds lacaèk esa ys[kd Lo;a mÙkjnk;h gksaxsA l ^vkfo"dkj* esa izdkf'kr lkexzh dk fdlh Hkh :i esa mi;ksx djus ls iwoZ laiknd dh vuqefr ysuk vko';d gSA l ^vkfo"dkj* esa izdkf'kr fdlh ;kaf=d] oS|qr] bysDVªkWfud vkfn ;qfDr ds dke u djus dh fLFkfr esa if=dk@,uvkjMhlh mlds fy, mÙkjnk;h ugha gksaxhA l *vkfo"dkj* esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa esa fd, x, nkoksa ds fy, if=dk vkSj ,uvkjMhlh mÙkjnk;h ugha gkasxhA

èkjrh ds ijs tgk¡ vkSj Hkh gSa& ih;w"k ik.Ms; �� 5

foKku ds {ks= esa o"kZ 2015 ds ukscsy iqjLdkj& MkW� iznhi dqekj eq[kthZ �� 14

tSo mipkj }kjk /kkfRod iznw"k.k fuokj.k& MkW� fnus'k ef.k �� 16

foKku lkfgR; ppkZ % dgkuh] dfork vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa ds }kjk foKku dks le>krh iqLrd& euh"k eksgu xksjs �� 19

,uvkjMhlh dh izkS|ksfxdh&vkids fy, % jksxtud ekbdkscSDVhfj;k dh igpku ds fy, ihlhvkj&vkj,Q,yih vkekiu gsrq uohu izkbej �� 20

[ksy&[ksy esa foKku % D;k ge Lo;a ds Mh,u, dk fu"d"kZ.k dj ldrs gSa\& nq";Ur dqekj vxzoky �� 21

fofo/kk % foKku&bfrgkl ds vkbZus esa& MkW� Ï".k dqekj feJ �� 23

ckSf¼d laink dh ckrsa % vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu (Hkkx&5) & enu eksgu flag dkdhZ �� 31

lekpkfjdh & MkW� iznhi dqekj eq[kthZ �� 34& MkW� gseyrk iUr �� 36& euh"k eksgu xksjs �� 38& MkW� Mh�Mh� vks>k �� 39

fofo/kk % foeku vkSj oSekfudhµdqN jkspd rF;& fcey dqekj JhokLro �� 40

vkfo"dkj vkSj uokpkj % n`f"V ckf/krksa ds O;k;ke gsrq ubZ rduhdsa & j?kqcj nÙk fj[kkM+h �� 50

fnlEcj 2015] o”kZ 45] vad 12 bl vad esa

vkfo"dkj dk lnL;rk 'kqYd % ,d izfr % `50] okf"kZd % `550( fnokf"kZd % `1]100( f=okf"kZd % `1]650

vkfo"dkj & fnlEcj 2015� 3

NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (NRDC)[An Enterprise of DSIR, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India]20-22, Zamroodpur Community Centre, Kailash Colony Extn. New Delhi-110048

Tel: 011-29240401-08, 29241212 Fax: 011-29240409-10Website: www.nrdcindia.com Email: [email protected]

Innovative technologies available for commercialization under ‘Make in India’

NRDC is engaged in the development, promotion and transfer of technologies emanating from various national R& D institutions/universities. The Corporation offers its IPR and Technology Transfer services in wide areas like: Chemical, Agro & Food processing, Life Sciences, Mechanical, Electrical & Electronics and it acts as an effective catalyst translating innovative research into marketable industrial products. NRDC has the largest repository of Indian technologies and licensed about 2000 technologies to more than 4800 entrepreneures/startups/institutes/corporates. Some Agricultural and Food technologies are available with NRDC for commercialization having great potential in India and abroad.

Agricultural Technologies available for Commercialization

l Extraction of Azadirachtin from Neem Seeds Kernel and its Pesticide formulation : A cost effective efficient extraction and neem based pesticidal products

l Superabsorbent Hydrogel : A semi-synthetic super absorbent polymer for water saving and higher crop yield. l Biopesticidal NemaGel : A heat tolerant entemopathogenic nematode in gel formulation for pest/insect control. l Polymeric Seed Coat : For improving shelf life, germination of seeds and enhancing seed quality l Nitrification Inhibitor : Enhancing the end use efficiency of nitrogenous fertilisers l Para-pheromone trap : For the management of fruit flies in fruit crops l Potassium humate : For Improved Yields and Quality of Crops l Formulation for Management of Borers : For Rejuvenating Damaged Trees l Neem and Pongamia Soaps : For Management of Insect Pests l Crop Specific Foliar Micronutrient Formulations for Banana, Cardamom, Citrus, Ginger, Mango, Mulberry,

Pepper, Turmeric and Vegetables : For Improved Yield and Quality l Seed Coating : For Enhanced Shelf-Life and Vigour of crops l Soil Moisture Indicator : For Instantaneous Measurement of Moisture in Fields l Flame Gun : A gun that throws flame for disinfection and other applications l Improved Rice Husk Particle Board : An eco-friendly and affordable alternative to wood l Karnataka Rice Hybrid (KRH2) : An improved high yielding Aromatic Rice

Food Technologies available for Commercialization

l Ready to Serve (RTS) beverage from Guava : RTS prepared from guava fruits is appetizing, easily digestible, thirst quenching and nutritionally far superior

l Beta carotene and Iron Rich Biscuits : Prepared through inexpensive, nutritious and organoleptically acceptable recipes

l Food Waste Management System : An environment friendly non burn technology for food waste management system

l Wheat based Snack Bar : A Diet for Improved Performance in Sports and Endurance l Sugercane Juice Powder : A Wholesome Refreshing Drink l Ready to Eat Honey Paan Beeda : Beeda As a OTC Product with Long Shelf Life l Millet based Bread and Other Breads : Affordable and Nutritious Bread for the Health Conscious People l Deffating of Groundnuts : An improved process to remove oil from Nuts

*NRDC also has a basket of technology offers in the Sericulture, Horticulture and other Sectors as well.

For more details please visit our website www.nrdcindia.com or contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]


/kjrh ds ijs

tgk¡ vkSj Hkh gSa

g e è kjrhoklh ge s’ k k ,d Ò; ls vkØkar jgs g S a&,dkdhiu ds Ò; ls&dgÈ bl fo’kky czãkaM es a ge furkar

vdsys rks ugÈ\ ;g Ò; dsoy fujkèkkj lansg ugÈ gSA ;g Kku ij vk/kkfjr gS tks gesa crkrk gS fd ,d xzg dh n`f"V ls rks i`Foh fcydqy Òh fof’k"V ugÈ gS] u og rkjk lw;Z gh fof’k"V gS ftldh ;g ifjØek djrh gSA ij i`Foh dh ,d fof’k"Vrk vc rd cjd+jkj gS&oks gS thouA i`Foh dk dksuk&dksuk] pIik&pIik thoèkkfj;ksa ls vksrçksr gS&ty] Fky] vkdk’k lc txg thoèkkjh fo|eku gSaA leqæ dh vaèksjh rygVh ls ysdj lYQj ;qDr ty ds yxÒx mcyrs lzksrksa tSlh fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Òh thoèkkjh jgrs vkSj iuirs gSaA ij ;g Òh lp gS fd vius lkSjeaMy ds ckjs esa rks dg gh ldrs gSa fd i`Foh ds vfrfjDr 'kk;n dgÈ Òh fdlh xzg ij thou ugÈ gS vkSj ;fn

gks Òh rks mls [kkstk tkuk vÒh ckdh gS vkSj fey tk, rks iwjh laÒkouk ;gh gS fd os thoèkkjh ,dne vfodflr çkjafÒd Lo:i esa gksaxs] ,d dksf’kdh; tho] okbjl ;k cgqr vfèkd gqvk rks 'kSoky ¼,Yxh½A

iq#"kHkwr fLk)kar

,d nf"Vdks.k gS ftls ujh;* fl)kar] ^iq#"kHkwr fl)kar* vFkok ^,UFkzksfid Ççfliy* dgk tkrk gSA mlds vuqlkj iFoh dh lw;Z ls nwjh] d{kk dh mRdsaærk] ?kw.kZu&v{k dk d{kkry ls >qdko] ok;qeaMy dh lajpuk vkSj mlesa xSlksa dk vuqikr] ty vkSj Fky dk vuqikr] xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy dh ek=k] vkfn&vkfn <sj lh ,slh ckrsa gSa tks ;s ladsr nsrh gSa fd bruh lkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ,dne lVhd vkSj lgh lkeatL; esa gksuk flQZ blfy, gqvk D;ksafd ,d ;kstuk ds rgr ç—fr us ;g r; dj fy;k Fkk fd ;gka euq"; dks tUeuk gh gSA flQZ ;gh ugÈ&;g Òh dgk x;k

fd i`Foh dk vfLrLo rks iwjs czãkaM ds vfLrRo ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk gS vkSj fcx&cSax uked vkfn&foLQ+ksV ds rqjar ckn tks ifjfLFkfr;ka cuÈ&tSls ewyÒwr loZ&czãkaMh; fu;rkad ftlus inkFkZ ds fuekZ.k dh fn’kk r; dh&;s lc ;fn FkksM+k Òh fÒé jgs gksrs rks u czãkaM dk ,slk orZeku Lo:i gksrk] u rkjs gksrs] u lw;Z] u i`Foh vkSj u ekuo dk mn~ÒoA

dkQh le; ls iFoh ds ok;qeaMy dh lajpuk ,slh jgh gS ftlesa vk;rukuqlkj yxÒx 78 çfr'kr ukbVªkstu] 21 çfr'kr vkWWDlhtu rFkk 'ks"k 1 çfr'kr esa gSa tyok"i vkSj vYi ek=kvksa esa vU; xSlsa tSls dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM vkfnA vc ;fn vkWDlhtu dh ek=k 21 çfr'kr ls FkksM+h Òh c<+ tk, rks gekjs 'kjhj dh dksf’kdk,a tydj u"V gksus yx tk,axhA ;gh ckr vU; xSlksa ds vuqikr ij Òh ykxw gksrh gSA dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM xSl ek= 0-0397 çfr'kr ¼397 Òkx nl yk[k esa½ gS ij vkius fu'p; gh lquk gksxk blesa gYdh lh Òh o`f) tks

# ih;w"k ik.Ms;



dqN Òkx çfr nl yk[k ek= gksrh gS dks ysdj oSKkfud vkSj i;kZoj.kfon fpafrr gks mBrs gSaA i`Foh ds vkSlr oSf'od rkieku esa yxkrkj gks jgh gydh lh ijarq fparuh; o`f) ds fy, euq"; }kjk vfèkd thok"e bZaèku tykus ls mRié gksus okyh vfèkd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ds mRltZu dks blds fy, ftEesnkj ekuk tkrk gSA ok;qeaMy dh xSlksa ds lgh vuqikr] èkjrh dh jklk;fud lajpuk vkSj <sj lh vU; ckrksa esa bruk lw{e larqyu vkSj lkeatL; u dsoy gesa grçÒ djrk gS cfYd ckj&ckj ;g lkspus ij foo’k djrk gS fd dgÈ blesa dksbZ lksn~ns’; jpukRedrk rks ugÈaA

ij oSKkfudksa dk ,d cM+k oxZ bl ^ujh;* ;k iq#"kÒwr* fl)kar dks xaÒhjrk ls ugÈ ysrkA oSKkfudksa ds bl cM+s oxZ dk ;g ekuuk gS fd thou dk ,d çeq[k y{k.k gS vuqdwyuA ;fn i`Foh ij dqN thoèkkjh foy{k.k ifjfFkfr;ksa

esa Òh Qy&Qwy ldrs gSa rks fQj ;fn i`Foh dk ok;qeaMy vkSj Åij oÆ.kr vU; ifjfLFkfr;ka cgqr fÒé Òh gqbZ gksrÈ rks Òh thoèkkfj;ksa us Lo;a dks mlds vuq:i cuk fy;k gksrk ;k mUgÈ ds vuq:i mudh l`f"V gqbZ gksrhA

/kjkrhr thou

rks vkb, viuh ewy dFkk ij okil ykSVrs gSaA ;fn èkjkrhr thou dh [kkst djuh gS rks lkFk gh lkFk bl ç'u ij Òh mruk gh xaÒhjrkiwoZd fopkj gksuk pkfg, fd gekjh èkjk tSls fdrus vU; xzg czãkaM esa gSa] cfYd ;wa dgsa fd gekjh eankfduh vkdk’kxaxk esa gekjs vkl&ikl fLFkr gSaA muesa ls fdrus ,sls gSa tks Bhd i`Foh dh Òkafr vius rkjs ls ,slh nwjh ij gSa tgka u vfèkd xeÊ gks vkSj u cgqr BaM ;kuh os thoukuqdwy {ks= ;k ^gSfcVscy t+ksu* esa iM+rs gksaA bl ç'u ij vkxs c<+us ls igys nwjh vkSj laokn ds ijLij lacaèk ij gesa lcls

igys /;ku nsuk gksxkA lw;Z dks NksM+ nsa rks vkdk’k esa gekjk fudVLFk rkjk çkSfDlek lsaVkSjh gSA ;kuh mldh nwjh lcls de gSA og nwjh gS ek= 4-22 çdk’k o"kZ] ;fn bls fdyksehVj esa O;Dr djuk gks rks 40 ds ihNs ckjg 'kwU; yxkus gksaxsA ;fn ,d jkWdsV ls ;g nwjh r; dh tk, rks] vR;kèkqfud lcls rst+ pyus okys jkWdsV dks 28]000 fdyksehVj çfr ?kaVs dh xfr ls pyrs gq, çkSfDlek lsaVkSjh rd igqapus esa 1]65]000 o"kZ yxsaxsA bl la[;k dks FkksM+k de fd;k tk ldrk gS ;fn lkSjeaMy ls ckgj fudyrs le; xzgksa ds xq#Rokd"kZ.k dks xqysy dh rjg mi;ksx esa fy;k tk, tSlk gekjs paæ;ku&1 rFkk eaxy;ku us fd;k FkkA rks eku yhft, fd geus bls de dj 1 yk[k o"kZ rd ys vk,A D;k dksbZ lH;rk ,sls vfÒ;ku ij tkuk pkgsxh pkgs çkSfDlek lsaVkSjh tSls fdlh fudV ds rkjs ds xzg ij i`Foh tSlk thou D;ksa u gks\ ;fn yxkrkj ih<+h

dykdkj dh dYiuk % fdlh lqnwj rkjs dh ifjØekjr xzg ¼lkHkkj % uklk½


nj ih<+h çtuu dh O;oLFkk dks eu esa j[k dj ekuoksa dk dksbZ cM+k ny ,sls vfÒ;ku ij tk,xk rks 1200oÈ ih<+h xarO; rd igqapsxhA ljy 'kCnksa esa] gekjh ekStwnk rduhdh us gekjs fy, lhek cuk nh gS&ge var%rkjdh; Òze.k ugÈ dj ldrsA ge fdlh vU; ckgjh xzg ij Lo;a ;g [kkstus ugÈ tk ldrs fd ogka thou gS fd ugÈA vkSj] ;fn dgÈ thou gqvk Òh vkSj gekjs tSlk] ftlesa ekuo ln`’k thoèkkjh Òh gksa vkSj os gels vfèkd leqér o fodflr rduhdh {kerk okys gq, rks ;g vk’kk dh tk ldrh gS fd mUgksaus Òh jsfM;ks lapkj ç.kkyh rks vo’; fodflr dj gh yh gksxhA pwafd ,slk laÒo gS rks fQj D;ksa u muds }kjk mRié jsfM;ks ladsrksa dks i`Foh ij idM+k tk,&lquk tk,A ,sls ç;kl 19oÈ lnh ds var esa 'kq: gks x, Fks ij igyh ckj dksbZ Bksl çdYi vesfjdh oSKkfud ÝSad Mªsd ds usr`Ro esa o"kZ 1960 esa gqvk&bls uke fn;k x;k ^ÅTek ifj;kstuk*A

o`gr ekSu

rc ls ysdj vkt rd vusd ubZ ifj;kstuk,a cuÈ] dbZ foæwi gkL; dk Òktu cuÈ vkSj muds iwath lzksr can gks x,] fQj ubZ ifj;kstuk,a cuÈ vkSj Òh vfèkd fo’kky jsfM;ks nwjchuksa dks bl ^lquus* ds dk;Z esa lé) fd;k x;k] ;g dk;Z vkt Òh py jgk gSA ij ,d vkn viq"V vkSj lansgkLin ladsr ds vykok gesa dqN ugÈ feykA feyk rks cl ,d ogr&eq[kj&ekSuA eq[kj&D;ksafd ;g vc rd ;gh ladsr ns jgk gS fd 'kk;n i`Foh ds ckgj vU;= gekjh tSlh ekuo lH;rk gks gh uA viuh eankfduh esa rks ge 200 çdk’k o"kZ dh nwjh rd fLFkr yxÒx ,d gt+kj rkjksa

ij laèkku dj ekuo lH;rk ds jsfM;ks ladsr [kkstus dk Òjiwj ç;kl dj gh pqds gSa vkSj vc rd gesa fujk’kk gh feyhA ij dÒh Òh dqN Òh gks ldrk gSA dYiuk dhft, Òfo"; esa dksbZ dwV ladsr vk tkrk gS ftldk dwVkuqokn ;g fudys fd&

^^gsyks iFoh] eSa vxLR; ¼dSuksil½ rkjs

ds fxnZ ?kwers xzg ^lekjk* ls ;g lans’k Òst jgh gwaA vki lc iFoh ij dSls gSa\^*

vxLR; rkjk gels 313 çdk’k o"kZ dh nwjh ij gSA ;kuh bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk ^lekjk* xzg dh ml oklh us og lans’k gesa 313 o"kZ iwoZ Òstk Fkk&vxj ge fcuk nsjh fd, rqjar mŸkj ns nsa rks ^lekjk* ij gekjk lans’k Òh 313

lqnwj rkjs dh ifjØekjr xzg ¼lkHkkj : spacetelescope.org½

uklk dh dSIyj vkSj fLiV~T+kj varfj{k nwjchuksa ls fy, vR;ar 'kq) çs{k.kksa ls fdlh cká xzg dk vkdkj vR;ar ifj'kq)rk ls ekiuk laHko gks ik;k gSA

;g fp= uklk ds ,d fp=dkj dh dYiuk gSA


o"kZ ckn lquk tk,xk&;kuh ewy lans’k vkSj mŸkj ds chp 626 o"kZ dk varjky gksxkA ;g dSlk laokn gqvk\ czãkaM esa vjcksa eankfdfu;ka fc[kjh iM+h gSa] gels dqN yk[k ls ysdj vjcksa çdk’k o"kZ dh nwfj;ksa ij fLFkrA gekjh fudVLFk cM+h eankfduh gS nso;kuh tks yxÒx gekjh vkdk’kxaxk tSlh gh gSA mldh nwjh gS&22 yk[k çdk’k o"kZ ;kuh fdlh laokn esa 44 yk[k o"kZ dk varjkyA nwj D;ksa tk,a] viuh vkdk’kxaxk dh gh ckr djrs gSa] bldk vkdkj bruk gS fd ,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksj dh nwjh ,d yk[k çdk’k o"kZ gSA vfèkdka’k oSKkfud ;g fo'okl djrs gSa fd i`Foh fof’k"V ugÈ gks ldrh&tks ;gka gqvk vkSj gks jgk gS og vU;= gekjh eankfduh ds nwljs vjcksa xzgksa ij Òh u tkus fdruh ckj gqvk gksxkA ;fn vjcksa o"kZ igys iFoh ds egklkxjksa esa jklk;fud çfØ;k ls ,d dksf’kdh; thoksa dk tUe gqvk vkSj fQj dkykarj esa ,d dksf’kdh; tho fodflr gks cgq&dksf’kdh; cM+s thoèkkjh cu x,A futÊo inkFkZ ltho esa ifj.kr gks x;kA nwljs mu xzgksa ij Òh u tkus

fdruh ckj jklk;fud çfØ;kvksa dk ;g vcw> [ksy gqvk gksxk&vkt Òh py jgk gksxk&dÒh dksbZ ifj.kke u fudyk gksxk vkSj vufxur ckj ogka Òh i`Foh dh gh rjg thou iuik gksxk&ftlus fodflr gks mPp rduhdh lkeF;Z iSnk dj yh gksA

,slk u gqvk gks bl ij fo'okl djuk cgqr dfBu çrhr gksrk gSA ij leL;k laokn ij vkdj vVd tkrh gSA ;fn 50 gt+kj çdk’k o"kZ nwj fdlh lH;rk ds jsfM;ks ladsr gesa vkt feysa rks laokn dh laÒkoukghurk ds vfrfjDr ,d ckr vkSj gS ,d yk[k o"kZ ds bl eq[kj ekSu ds chp ml lH;rk us u tkus fdrus igys ijek.kq ce foLQksVksa }kjk Lo;a dks lekIr dj fy;k gksxkA i`Foh ij ekuo dh ;q;qRlq ço`fŸk;ksa dks ns[k dj ;gh yxrk gS fd ,d le`) ^lH;rk* dk thoudky vfèkd ls vfèkd dqN gt+kj o"kZ dk gksuk pkfg,A bl n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks czãkaMh; Lrj ij dgÈ fdlh lH;rk dk mn~Òo vkSj fouk’k ek= ,d mYdkikr tSlh {kf.kd ?kVuk Òj gSA

dSls [kksts tkrs gSa lqnwj rkjksa ds fxnZ ?kwers i`Foh tSls xzg\

gekjh èkjrh ij fLFkr nwjchuksa ls rkjs Çcnqor fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa&rks fQj muds ifjØekjr xzgksa ds fn[kkbZ nsus dk rks ç'u gh ugÈ mBrkA rkjksa dks vkSj lqLi"Vrk ls ns[kus ds fy, varfj{k esa nwjchusa LFkkfir dh tkrh gSaA blesa nks ykÒ gksrs gSa] ,d rks lw;Z dk çdk’k çk;% ck/kk ugÈ curk vkSj yxÒx 24lksa ?kaVs rkjksa dk vfofPNUu vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS] nwljk ykÒ gS i`Foh ij bldk ok;qeaMy viuh pyk;eku ijrksa ds dkj.k rkjksa ds Çccksa dks èkqaèkyk vkSj vLi"V curk gS&varfj{k esa tkus ls ;g ckèkk nwj gks tkrh gS vkSj rkjksa ds cM+s lqLi"V vkSj iSus fp= feyrs gSaA fQj Òh muesa ifjØekjr xzg dÒh ugÈ fn[kkbZ iM+rs D;ksafd NksVs gksus o Loçdkf’kr u gksus ds dkj.k mudh ped rkjs ds çdk’k dh pdkpkSaèk esa [kks tkrh gS vkSj vusd ç;klksa ds ckn Òh vc rd ,sls fp= çkIr ugÈ gq, gSaA

rkjs gh mu /kjkrhr xzgksa dh vkJ; LFkyh gSa tgka gekjh /kjrh tSlk thou iui ldrk gS ¼lkHkkj % uklk½


blfy, [kxk syfoKkuh ijk s{k ;qfDr;ksa dk lgkjk ysrs gSaA os gSa %

ikjxeu ;k VªkaftV % vkius cqèk vkSj 'kqØ xzg dks lw;Z ds lkeus ikjxeu djrs lquk gksxkA cq/k xzg us ,slk o"kZ 2008 esa 8&9 uoEcj dks fd;k Fkk] Òkjr ds èkqj iwokZsŸkjh {ks=ksa ls bls ns[kk x;kA vxyh ckj bls vxys o"kZ gksuk gS& 9 ebZ 2016 dks] ij rc bls Òkjr ls ugÈ ns[kk tk ldsxkA 'kqØ xzg dk ikjxeu 6 twu 2012 dks gqvk Fkk ftls Òkjr ls ns[kk x;kA ij ,slh vxyh ?kVuk ds fy, vkt ls 112 o"kZ dh çrh{kk djuh gksxh&oks 11 fnlEcj 2117 dks gksxhA pwafd cqèk vkSj 'kqØ dh d{kk,a i`Foh dh d{kk ds vanj gSa blfy, ;s nksuksa xzg gesa ikjxeu djrs feyrs gSaA

dYiuk dhft, fd dksbZ vn`’; xzg viuh d{kk esa ?kwers gq, gekjh varfj{k nwjchu ds Bhd lkeus vius fi= rkjs ds lkeus ls xqt+j jgk gks rks D;k gksxk\ bl voLFkk dks Òh ikjxeu dgk tk,xkA ;fn lqxzkgh midj.kksa ls rkjs ds çdk’k dks ukik tk jgk gks rks ge ik,axs fd mlesa FkksM+k gzkl gqvk gS&D;ksafd Bksl vikjn’kÊ xzg ds dkj.k dqN çdk’k #dsxkA çdk’k esa gq, bl vfr lw{e gzkl dks ekiuk ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA eku yhft, og rkjk ,dne gekjs lw;Z tSlk gS vkSj mlds lkeus ls

c`gLifr tSlk cM+k xzg ikjxeu dj jgk gS rks blls lw;Z ds çdk’k esa ek= 1 çfr'kr gzkl gksxkA ij ge rks ifFo;ka [kkst jgs gSaA ;fn i`Foh ds vkdkj dk xzg ,slk djs rks lw;Z dh ped esa deh c`gLifr dh rqyuk esa lkSoka Òkx gksxhA ;g fdruh de gS bls ;wa lef>, fd vki dqN fdyksehVj dh nwjh ls jkr esa ,d eksVjlkbfdy dh gsMykbV dks ns[k jgs gSa vkSj mlds dkap ds Åij ls ,d ePNj ls Òh NksVk dhV jsax tk,&cl brukA bl fofèk dk ,d vU; ykÒ ;g gS fd blls xzg ds vkdkj dk Òh vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA dSIyj nwjchu] ftldh dqN foLrkj ls ppkZ ge ckn esa djsaxs] blh fofèk dk mi;ksx i`Foh tSls xzgksa dks [kkstus ds fy, djrh gSA bl fofèk ls feys igys ifj.kke dks rc rd çkekf.kd ugÈ ekuk tkrk tc rd mldh ,d nks ckj vkSj iqf"V u gks tk,A

ikjxeu fofèk dh ,d lhek gS] bldh fxj¶r esa vkus ds fy, xzg ds d{kkry dk gels rkjs dks tksM+ jgh n`f"V js[kk ls cl bruk gh >qdk gksuk pkfg, fd FkksM+k gh lgh ij xzg dks gekjs ifjçs{; esa rkjs ds lkeus ls xqt+juk vo’; pkfg,A varfj{k esa fdlh rkjs ds fxnZ fdlh xzg dk d{kkry fdlh Òh fn’kk esa vk;ksftr

gks ldrk gSA dqy ,sls xzgksa dh ckr djsa rks os lÒh fÒé&fÒé lÒh fn’kkvksa esa vk;ksftr gksaxsA bldk vFkZ gS bl çdkj dqy laÒo xzgksa esa ls cgqr de gh bl rduhd dh idM+ esa vk ldrs gSaA

vjh; xfr ¼f=T; xfr½ ;k MkWIyj çÒko }kjk % dYiuk dhft, fd vki fdlh rkjs dk vè;;u dj jgs gSa vkSj ikrs gSa fd mlds o.kZØe esa fn[kkbZ nsus okyh js[kk,a ç;ksx’kkyk esa fy, x, mUgÈ rRoksa ds o.kZØe dh rqyuk esa uhys jax dh rjQ f[kldh gqbZ gSaA ij ;fn dqN ekl ckn vki ;g ik,a fd vc dgha o.kZØe yky jax dh vksj ljd x;k gS&rks ekFkk Bud tk,xkA vkerkSj ij ;fn fdlh xzg dks fdlh rkjs ds ifjØekjr fpf=r fd;k tkrk gS rks mls dqN bl çdkj n’kkZ;k tkrk gS tSlk i`"B 10 ds Åij ds js[kkfp= ds Åijh Òkx esa çnÆ’kr gSA ;g ,d ljyhdj.k gSA oLrqr% nksuksa ÇiM vius mÒ;fu"B lagfr&dsaæ dh ifjØek djrs gSa tSlk i`"B 10 ds uhps ds js[kkfp= esa fn[kk;k gSA pwafd rkjs dh lagfr xzg dh rqyuk esa cgqr&cgqr vfèkd gksrh gS blfy, lagfr&dsaæ rkjs ds vanj gh fLFkr gksrk gSA bl dkj.k cgqr nwj ls ns[kus ij og xzg rks ugÈ ut+j vkrk ij rkjk vius LFkku ij gYdk lk Mksyrk ut+j vkrk gS tSlk js[kkfp= ds ,dne fupys Òkx ls Li"V gSA blds vè;;u ls bl çdkj fdlh xzg dh mifLFkfr dk ijks{k :i ls irk pyrk gSA ;fn ,d ls vfèkd xzg rkjs ds ifjØekjr gksa rks rkjs dk nksyu cgqr tfVy gks tkrk gS] fQj Òh xf.krh; fofèk;ksa ls fo'ys"k.k djus ij xzgksa dh la[;k fudy vkrh gSA

;g Òh gks ldrk gS fd rkjk bruk vfèkd nwj gks fd ;g nksyu bruk de

rkjk

xzg

le;

ikjxeu vkSj izdk'k&ys[kkfp=

ped


ut+j vk, fd ekiu esa gksus okyh =qfV;ksa ds le{k ;g la[;kRed :i ls xkS.k gks tk,A ij rc Òh [kxksyfoKkuh fujk’k ugÈ gksrs vkSj fÒé ;qfDr dk ç;ksx dj viuk dke fudky ysrs gSaA ,slh ,d ;qfDr gesa MkWIyj çÒko ls feyrh gSA ge èofu esa MkWIyj çÒko dks tkurs gSaA gekjh vksj lhVh ctkrs gq, vk jgs jsy ds batu dh vko`fŸk c<+rh çrhr gksrh gS vkSj fQj og nwj fudy tkrk gS rks ?kVrh gq, lqukbZ nsrh gS&ekuks igys rjaxsa laihfMr gks ikl&ikl vk xbZ gksa vkSj nwj tkus ij fojy gks jgh gksaA Bhd blh çdkj MkWIyj çÒko çdk’k esa Òh gksrk gSA çdk’k mRlÆtr djus okyk dksbZ ÇiM tc gekjh vksj xfreku gksrk gS rks mlds çdk’k dh rjaxksa dh vko`fŸk c<+ tkrh gS vkSj ;fn gels nwj tk jgk

gks rks de gks tkrh gSA ;g lhèks&lhèks rkjs ds o.kZØe esa ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA lehi vkus ij rkjs dk o.kZØe vfèkd vko`fŸk ds dkj.k uhys çdk’k dh vksj FkksM+k f[kld tkrk gSA nwj tkus ij rkjs dh o.kZØe js[kk,a yky jax dh vksj f[kldrh gSaA rkjk tc lagfr&dsaæ dh ifjØek dj jgk gksrk gS rks og çR;sd

pDdj esa ,d ckj i`Foh dh vksj rFkk ,d ckj ijs tkrk gSA ,slh xfr ls rkjs ds o.kZØe dh js[kk,a uhys o yky nksuksa gh rjQ QSy tkrh gSaA bl QSyko dk ekiu vkSj fo'ys"k.k dj vn`’; xzg dk irk pyrk gSA gekjs lkSjeaMy esa lw;Z dh lagfr xzgksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr vfèkd gSA blfy, lkSjeaMy dk lagfr&dsaæ lw;Z dh lrg ds vanj gh jgrk gSA ij og dksbZ fLFkj Çcnq ugÈ gS vkSj xzgksa dh xfr;ksa ds dkj.k fujarj cM+s tfVy :i ls cnyrk jgrk gSA

xq#Rokd"kZ.kh; rky % vkisf{kdrk ds fl)kar ds vuqlkj fdlh ÇiM dk xq#Rokd"kZ.k fnd~ esa >qdko iSnk djrk gS tks rkjs ds lehi esa vfèkd vkSj nwjh ij de gksrk gSA fnd~ esa >qdko dk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd çdk’k dh fdj.ksa Òh lhèks u py dj fnd~ esa pyus dh ckè;rk ds dkj.k >qd tkrh gSa vkSj og rkjk ,d fo’kkydk; rky ;k ysal ds ln`’k dke djus yxrk gSA blds fy, vko’;d gksrk gS fd nks rkjs varfj{k esa vyx&vyx gksus ij Òh i`Foh ls ,sls yxrs gksa ekuksa ,d ds Bhd ihNs nwljk gksA js[kkfp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd ihNs ls vk jgs fdlh rkjs dk çdk’k dSls bl xq#Rokd"kZ.kh; rky ds dkj.k dgÈ vkSj ls vkrk çrhr gksrk gSA ;fn ikl okys rkjs dk dksbZ xzg gqvk rks

Åij % xzg vkSj rkjs dk lkekU;r% fp=.k

eè; % xzg vkSj rkjs dk mHk;fu"B lagfr&dsaæ dh ifjØek djuk ¼;FkkFkZ½

ck,a % nwj ls rkjs dk n`'; ¼Mksyuk½

izs{kd

lzksr rkjkvxzHkwfe dk rkjk o xzg

xqýRo rky

vesfjdh varfj{k ,tsalh uklk us 6 ekpZ lu~ 2009 esa ,d varfj{k&osèk’kkyk LFkkfir dhA bls uke fn;k x;k ^dSIyj*] 16oÈ&17oÈ lnh ds teZuh esa tUes egku oSKkfud ;ksgkUl dSIyj ¼1571&1630½ ds uke ijA vkidks ;ksgkUl dSIyj ds [kxksyfoKku esa ;ksxnku ds ckjs esa Kkr gksxk&muds uke ij gh xzgksa dh xfr ds 3 fu;e gSaA ckn esa vkbtSd U;wVu us xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds fu;e dh [kkst dj bu rhuksa fu;eksa dks ,d ljy fu;e esa lekfo"V dj fn;k FkkA vkWWfLVª;k ns’k ;ksgkUl dSIyj dh dk;Z&LFkyh cuhA ;ksgkUl dsIyj ds dk;Z ls fudksykSl dkWijfuDl }kjk igys fn, x, lkSjeaMy ds lw;Z&dsafær fl)kar ¼1543½ dks vkSj vfèkd cy feykA

^dSIyj* uked bl osèk’kkyk dh vuqekfur vk;q 3-5 o"kZ Fkh ij ;g 6-5 lky ckn vkt Òh lfØ; gS vkSj fur u, vk'p;Ztud rF; lkeus yk jgh gSA

dSIyj dks i`Foh ds ctk, lw;Z dh d{kk esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA blds dbZ dkj.k gSaA ,slk djus ls ,d rks ;g dÒh&dÒkj i`Foh dh Nk;k esa vkus ls Òh cp tkrh gS rkfd fnol&jkf= vfofPNUu vkdk’k dk fujh{k.k dj ldsA viuh d{kk esa ;g dqN bl çdkj vk;ksftr gS fd blds vanj lw;Z dk çdk’k dÒh Òh ugÈ tk ldrk vkSj ;g mŸkj ds rkjkeaMyksa&tSls gal vkfn dh vksj mUeq[k jgrh gSA uklk us bldh d{kk dks ^i`Foh vuqxkeh* d{kk uke fn;k gSA

dSIyj dk çeq[k midj.k gS bldk çdk’k&ehVj tks 0-95 ehVj O;kl dh nwjchu ls lqlfTTkr gSA

vke nwjchuksa dk n'; {ks= ,d oxZ va’k ls Òh de gksrk gSA bls ,slk cuk;k x;k gS fd ;g vke nwjchuksa dh vis{kk vkdk’k ds ,d cM+s {ks= ¼105 oxZ va’k½ dks ,d ckj esa ns[k ldrh gSA ;fn vki viuh Òqtk dks rkudj vius gkFk ds iats dks ns[ksa rks blls ftruk vkdk’k <drk gS oks yxÒx bruk gh gksrk gSA blls ;g ykÒ gksrk gS fd ;g ,d ckj esa cgqr lkjs rkjksa dk çs{k.k ys ldrh gSA vius 3-5 o"kZ ds fuèkkZfjr dk;Zdky esa bldk y{; ,d yk[k ls vf/kd rkjksa dh tkap djuk FkkA

viuk 3-5 o"kZ dk fuèkkZfjr dk;Zdky lekIr djus ls iwoZ bl varfj{k&osèk’kkyk esa dqN ,slh rduhdh deh vk xbZ ftlls nwjchu dks vius y{; ij lgh lkèks j[kuk nq"dj gks x;k FkkA vxLr 2013 esa ;g fu.kZ; uklk }kjk fy;k x;k fd nwjchu dh [kjkch dks Bhd dj ikuk rks vlaÒo gS ij vc Òh blls dqN ifjofèkZr fofèk dk mi;ksx dj xzgksa dh [kkst ds dk;ZØe dks vkxs pyk;k tk ldrk gSA bl u, fe’ku dks uke fn;k x;k ^ds&2*A blus vk’kkvksa ds vuq:i ifj.kke fn,A vuqeku gS ;g vfÒ;ku lu~ 2016 esa iwjk gks tk,xkA pwafd ifj’kq)rk de gks tkus ls vc ;g xzgksa ds [kkst rks igys ftruh {kerk ls ugÈ dj ik,xk blfy, bls vU; dk;ks± esa yxk;k x;k gS tSls lqijuksok foLQksV] rkjksa ds tUe rFkk gekjs lkSjeaMy ds èkwedsrqvksa vkSj y?kq xzgksa dk vè;;uA & ih-ik-

dSIyj vkSj ds&2



mlds xq#Rokd"kZ.k dk ;ksxnku Òh nwj okys rkjs ds Çcc ds foLFkkiu esa vk,xkA pwafd i`Foh xfreku gS blfy, ,slh ?kVuk vYidkfyd gksrh gS vkSj i`Foh rFkk nks rkjksa dk varfj{k esa jSf[kd la;kstu Òax gks tkrk gSA ?kVuk dqN fnu ls ysdj dqN lIrkg rd pyrh gSA fiNys ,d n’kd esa yxÒx ,d gt+kj rkjksa esa ;g ?kVuk ns[kus dks feyh gSA xzgksa dk irk yxkus dh ;g fof/k ogka T;knk dkjxj gS tgka xzg dh d{kk i`Foh ls ysdj 'kfu dh d{kk ftruh cM+h gksA bl rduhd dh ,d fo’ks"krk ;g Òh gS fd varfj{k esa pkgs ftl Òh voLFkk esa xzg dk d{kkry vk;ksftr D;ksa u gks mlds lalwpu esa vM+pu ugÈ vkrhA bl rduhd ls vktrd 19 xzgksa dk irk pyk gSA

dSIyj vfHk;ku % /kjrh ds ijs

;ksgkUl dSIyj

rkjk laèkkud

lkSj ijnk

izdk'k ehVj

izekspd

gkbZ&xsu ,sUVsuk

dSIyj nwjchu ds ?kVd

lkSj lSy iVy

ds èkjrh tSls xzgksa dh [kkst esa rst+h rc vkbZ tc vesfjdh varfj{k ,tsalh

uklk us o"kZ 2009 esa ^dSIyj* uked varfj{k nwjchu LFkkfir dh ¼layXu ck WDl es a ns[ksa½A bl vfÒ;ku dk y{; cgqr lVhd vkSj Li"V Fkk&rkjks a ds ifjØekjr xzgksa dk irk yxkuk] fo’ks"kdj mudk tks i`Foh tSls ;k mlls NksVs gk s a vkSj tks ml rkjs dh thoukuqdwy ifjf/k esa iM+rs gksaA bl nwjchu us rks fur ubZ ?kks"k.kk,a djuk viuh vknr lh cuk yh gSA o"kZ 2008 esa lkS ls de xzg [kksts x, FksA ij bl nwjchu ds LFkkiuk o"kZ esa ;g la[;k yxÒx lkS dks

Nw xbZ vkSj mlds ckn o"kZ çfro"kZ c<+rh xbZA foxr o"kZ ;g la[;k 800 dks ikj dj xbZ vkSj bl o"kZ dk iwjk ys[kk tks[kk vkuk vÒh ckdh gSA vc rd dqy 1903 ,sls xzgksa dh iqf"V gks pqdh gSA buesa ls 426 ,sls gSa ftuds fxnZ ,d ls vf/kd xzg ?kwe jgs gSaA bl fu"d"kZ ij vkus ds fy, 4696 laÒkfor xzgksa dh iM+rky dh xbZA çlérk dh ckr ;g gS fd 297 xzg thoukuqdwy {ks= esa ik, x, gSaA bu vkadM+ksa ls mRlkfgr gks oSKkfudksa us vuqeku yxk;k gS fd gekjh vkdk’kxaxk esa i`Foh ds vkdkj okys xzgksa dh la[;k 40 vjc ls vfèkd gks ldrh gSA buesa ls 11 vjc ,sls gksaxs tks rkjksa dh ifjØek dj jgs gksaxsA ;g vkdyu cgqr rkt+k gS&o"kZ 2013 ds uoEcj ekg dkA ,slh Òh laÒkouk O;Dr dh xbZ gS ,slk fudVre xzg cl 12 çdk’k&o"kZ ds vanj gks ldrk gSA

bl lc ls çeq[k f’k{kk ;g feyrh gS fd gks ldrk gS dgÈ gekjs tSls thoèkkjh jgrs gksa] ij de ls de


vkèkqfud rduhdh {kerk ds nk;js esa ge muls u rks jsfM;ks laidZ dh ckr lksp ldrs gSa vkSj u mu rd ;k=k dj igqapus dk gh dksbZ ç'u mBrk gSA mM+u&r’rfj;ksa dh ckrsa diksydfYir vkSj fujkèkkj gSaA t+jk lksfp, dksbZ bruh yach ;k=k dj ;gka rd vk, vkSj fcuk feys] fcuk dqN fd, vkdk’k ls gh okil ykSV tk,\ var%rkjdh; yacs vkSj dfBu vfÒ;kuksa dk var bruk gkL;kLin ugÈ gks ldrkA geus laidZ dk ç;kl fd;k ij dqN ckr ugÈ cuh] ij ^mUgksaus* gels de ls de jsfM;ks laidZ rd rks ugÈ fd;k\ vkf[kj D;k

dkj.k gks ldrk gS\ ifjgkl esa dqN oSKkfud ,slk dgrs gSa fd lu~ 1901 ls jsfM;ks vkSj lu~ 1925 ls Vsyhfot+u çlkj.k i`Foh ij gks jgk gSA ;s rjaxsa gekjs ok;qeaMy ls ckgj fjldj vkt lu~ 2015 esa Øe’k% 114 rFkk 90 çdk’k o"kZ nwj rd igqap xbZ gksaxhA ikl dh çcq) lH;rkvksa us bUgsa cgqr igys lqu vkSj ns[k fy;k gksxkA fQj Òh fdlh us gels laidZ ugÈ fd;kA D;ksa\ 'kk;n blfy, fd gekjs dk;ZØeksa vkSj cglksa dk Lrj lqu o ns[k mUgksaus cgqr igys gh ;g fu"d"kZ fudky fy;k gksxk fd i`Foh ij dksbZ cqf)eku çk.kh clrs gh

ugÈ! ckr djsa rks fdlls\ ifjgkl ls gVdj xaHkhjrk ls

ns[ksa] rks bl i`"BHkwfe esa] i`Foh ij iwjh tho&l`f"V dk laj{k.k euq"; dk ,d cM+k mÙkjnkf;Ro cu tkrk gS] D;ksafd gks ldrk gS iwjs czãkaM esa ;g i`Foh gh ,dek= vHk;kj.; gks tgka thou iYyfor gksdj Qy&Qwy jgk gSA

¼lHkh js[kkfp= % ys[kd½

ih;w"k ik.Ms; ¼iwoZ es a ç'kkld] vkuan H kou ] bykg kc kn ( fun s ' kd ] u sg: IySusVsfj;e] eqEcbZ½ bZ3&401] çksfoMs aV osYoWFkZ flVh] ekjklkUMªk] csaxyqý&562163 bZ&esy % [email protected]


vkfo"dkj & uoEcj 2015� 14

foKku ds {ks= esa o"kZ 2015 ds ukscsy iqjLdkj

HkkSfrdh HkkSfrdh esa o"kZ 2015 dk ukscsy

iqjLdkj rdkdh dkftrk vkSj vkWFkZj ch- eSdMksukYM dks ^U;wfVªuks nksyuksa* dh [kkst ds fy, fn;k x;k gSA ;s nksyu U;wfVªuks uked d.kksa esa nzO;eku gksus ds ckjs esa ladsr djrs gSaA

mYys[kuh; gS fd 1990 ds n'kd dh HkkSfrdh dh ikB~; iqLrdks a es a U;wfVªuks dks ,d ,sls d.k ds :i esa of.kZr fd;k tkrk Fkk ftlesa u rks dksbZ vkos'k gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ nzO;ekuA ysfdu vxj U;wfVªuks d.kksa esa dksbZ nzO;eku ;k vkos'k ekStwn ugha gS rks fQj ç'u mBrk gS fd budk lalwpu dSls gks\ njvly] lu~ 1931 esa tc vkWfLVª;k ds HkkSfrdhfon~ oqYQxasx ikWyh us U;wfVªuks uked d.k dh ifjdYiuk dh Fkh rc vius ,d lgdehZ dks lacksfèkr i= esa mUgksaus fy[kk Fkk % ÞeS aus ,d fodV dke dj Mkyk gSA ,d ,sls d.k dh eSaus

ifjdYiuk dh gS ftls lalwfpr ugha fd;k tk ldrkAß vly esa ikWyh us chVk {k; çfØ;k ds nkSjku ÅtkZ vkSj laosx laj{k.k ds lkoZf=d fu;eksa dks Hkax gksus ls cpkus ds fy, gh U;wfVªuks uked d.k dks çLrkfor fd;k FkkA ysfdu mudh ;g èkkj.kk fd bl d.k dks lalwfpr dj ikuk laHko ugha gS dks lu~ 1953 esa ÝsMfjd jsUl vkSj DykbM dksoku us xyr lkfcr dj fn;k tc bu nksuksa oSKkfudksa dks U;wfVªuks dk lalwpu djus esa liQyrk feyhA bl lalwfpr d.k dks vc bysDVªkWu U;wfVªuks ds uke ls vfHkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA ckn esa oSKkfudksa dks E;w U;wfVªuks rFkk VkWo U;wfVªuks dk lalwpu djus esa Hkh lQyrk feyhA

njvly] U;wVªk Wu ysIVkWu oxZ ls lacaèk j[krs gSaA ysIVkWuksa dh rhu ihf<+;ka gksrh gSaA bysDVªkWu U;wfVªuksa vkSj mldk lkFkh d.k bysDVªkWu ysIVkWuksa dh çFke ih<+h ds lnL; gSaA E;w U;wfVªuks

vkSj E;wvkWu ysIVkWuksa dh nwljh ih<+h ds lnL; gSa tcfd VkWo&U;wfVªuks vkSj VkWo d.k ysIVkWuksa dh rhljh ih<+h ds lnL; gSaA

mYys[kuh; gS fd rhu çdkj ds U;wfVªuks d.kksa ds vykok oSKkfudksa us ,d pkSFks izdkj ds U;wfVªuks dh Hkh ifjdYiuk dh gSA bls LVsjkby Fkk ek;ksjkuk (Majorana) U;wfVªuks uke ls vfHkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj] ;g d.k vius çfrd.k ;kuh ,safV&ikfVZdy tSlk gh gksrk gS ;kuh ek;ksjkuk U;wfVªuks vkSj ek;ksjkuk ,safV&U;wfVªuks esa dksbZ varj ugha gksrk gSA

vkf[kj] bu U;wfVªuks d.kks a ds lzksr D;k gSa\ oSKkfudksa }kjk fd, x, 'kksèk vè;;uksa ls irk pyk gS fd cká varfj{k ls tkus okyh czãkaMh; ;kuh dkWfLed fofdj.k tc i`Foh ds ok;qeaMy ds lkFk vU;ksU;fØ;k djrh gS rks vusd d.kksa dh mRifÙk gksrh gS

foKku ds {ks= esa o"kZ 2015 ds ukscsy iqjLdkj dqy vkB oSKkfudksa dks iznku fd, x, gSaA rdkdh dkftrk vkSj vkFkZj ch- eSdMksukYM dks ^U;wfVªuks nksyuksa* dh [kkst ds fy, HkkSfrdh esa ;g iqjLdkj fn;k x;k tcfd jlk;u foKku esa ;g iqjLdkj rhu oSKkfudksa VkWel fyaMky] ikWy ekWMfjd vkSj ,ftt lSadj dks Mh,u, ejEer dh fofHkUu fØ;kfof/k;ksa dks [kkstus ds fy, fn;k x;kA 'kjhjfØ;k foKku@vk;qfoZKku esa bl o"kZ dk ukscsy iqjLdkj fofy;e dSaicsy] lkrks'kh vkseqjk vkSj ;w ;w rq dks fn;k x;kA dSaicsy vkSj vkseqjk dks xksyd`fe (jkmaMoeZ) ijthfo;ksa ls gksus okys laØe.kksa dk bykt [kkstus ds fy, iqjLdkj dh vk/kh jkf'k tcfd ckdh vkèkh jkf'k dks eysfj;k ds bykt dh ubZ Fksjsih esa vge ;ksxnku nsus ds fy, nh xbZ A vkb,] bu iqjLdkjksa dh ppkZ djrs gS %

rk


ftuesa U;wfVªuks dh fofHkUu fdLesa Hkh 'kkfey gksrh gSaA czãkaMh; fofdj.k ds vykok U;wfVªuks d.kksa ds mRiknu dk ,d çeq[k lzksr gS gekjk lw;ZA lw;Z ds xgjs vanj pyus okyh tfVy ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;kvksa }kjk gh ;s U;wfVªuks mRiUu gksrs gSa tks vly esa bysDVªkWu U;wfVªuks Js.kh ds gksrs gSaA

dkftrk us czãkaMh; fofdj.k dh ok;qeaMy ds lkFk vU;ksU;fØ;k ls mRiUu gksus okys U;wfVªuks dh fofHkUu fdLeksa ds lalwpu ds fy, lqij dkfevksdkaMs uked lalwpd dk fodkl fd;kA bl lalwpd us lu~ 1996 ls ftad dh [knku] tks VksD;ks ls 250 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ij fLFkr gS] esa dke djuk vkjaHk fd;kA lu~ 1998 esa dkfevksdkaMs lalwpd ls ,d vn~Hkqr ifj.kke çkIr gqvkA ok;qeaMy ls lalwpd ij vkdj fxjus okys E;w U;wfVªuks d.kksa dh la[;k lalwpd ij uhps ls izos'k djus okys E;w U;wfVªuks dh la[;k ls fHkUu FkhA

dkftrk ds usr`Ro esa bl lalwpd

ij dke djus okys oSKkfud ny ds fy, ;g ifj.kke fdlh igsyh ls de ugha FkkA bl vn~Hkqr ifj.kke dh ;g dgdj O;k[;k nh xbZ fd E;w U;wfVªuks fdlh nwljs fdLe ds U;wfVªuks es a :ikarfjr gks jgs FksA oSKkfudksa us dgk fd E;w U;wfVªuks laHkor% VkWo U;wfVªuks esa :ikarfjr gks jgs FksA bl çfØ;k dks U;wfVªuks nksyu uke fn;k x;k ;kuh ;g og çfØ;k ftlds ekè;e ls U;wfVªuks ,d :i ls nwljs :i esa ifjofrZr gksrs gSaA

eSdMksukYM ds usr`Ro esa dukMk ds vkasVsfj;ks fLFkr lMcjh U;wfVªuks vkCtjosVjh esa dke djus okys ,d vU; oSKkfud ny dks tkiku ds lqij dkfevksdkaMs lalwpd ij dke djus okys oSKkfud ny ls feyrs&tqyrs ifj.kke gh çkIr gq,A bl U;wfVªuks vkCtjosVjh dks lw;Z ls vkus okys bysDVªkWu U;wfVªuks ds lalwpu ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls fufeZr fd;k x;k FkkA

lu~ 2001 esa fy, x, voyksdu us dukMk ds oSKkfud ny dks cM+s

vleatl esa Mky fn;kA x.kukvksa }kjk U;wfVªuks dh tks la[;k vk jgh Fkh] lalwfpr U;wfVªuks dh la[;k mlls cl ,d&frgkbZ ftruh gh FkhA bldk eryc ;g Fkk fd nks&frgkbZ U;wfVªuks lw;Z U;wfVªuks vkCtjosVjh rd vkrs&vkrs chp jkLrs esa gh dgha xk;c gks jgs FksA bl fofp= ifj.kke dh O;k[;k dsoy ;g dgdj gh nh tk ldrh Fkh fd lw;Z ls U;wfVªuks vkCtjosVjh rd vkr s&vkrs nk s&frgkbZ bysDVªkWu U;wfVªuks vU; fdLe ds U;wfVªuks d.kksa esa :ikarfjr gks jgs FksA U;wfVªuks d.kksa dk ;g :ikarj.k U;wfVªuks nksyu uked çfØ;k ds pyrs gh gks jgk FkkA

tkiku vkSj dukMk esa dkftrk vkSj eSdMksukYM ds usr`Ro esa dke djrs oSKkfud nyksa }kjk Lora= :i ls fd, x, ç;ksxksa ls tks ifj.kke lkeus vk, mudh O;k[;k bl vkèkkj ij nh xbZ fd U;wfVªuksa d.kksa dk ,d fdLe ls nwljh fdLe esa :ikarj.k gksrk gSA U;wfVªuks nksyu uked çfØ;k }kjk gh ;g :ikarj.k laHko gksrk gSA ysfdu bl :ikarj.k dk oSKkfud fufgrkFkZ D;k gS\ dsoy ;gh fufgrkFkZ fudyrk gS fd U;wfVªuks nzO;ekughu d.k ugha gksrs gSa cfYd muesa Hkh lw{e nzO;eku ekStwn gksrk gSA

bl [kkst ds lkFk gh lu~ 1990 ds n'kd esa fy[kh xbZ HkkSfrdh dh reke ikB~; iqLrdksa] ftuesa U;wfVªuks dks nzO;ekughu ekuk x;k Fkk] dks la'kksfèkr fd, tkus dh ukScr vk iM+h ¼;g foMEcuk gh gS fd vkt Hkh HkkSfrdh dh vusd ikB~; iqLrdksa esa U;wfVªuks dks nzO;ekughu gh ekuk tkrk gS½A

d.k HkkSfrdh ds ekud ;kuh LVSaMMZ ekWMy] ftlesa U;wfVªuks dks nzO;ekughu


vkFkZj ch- eSdMksukYMrdkdh dkftrk

¼'ks"k i`"B 44 ij½


tSo mipkj }kjk /kkfRod iznw"k.k fuokj.k # MkW- fnus'k ef.k

i ;kZoj.k esa Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dh fujarj o`f) ekuo lH;rk ds fy, xaHkhj leL;k curh tk jgh gS D;kasfd budk

tSo&vi?kVu vklkuh ls ugha gksrk gSA ;s i;kZoj.k ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa esa nh?kZdky rd fo|eku jgrh gSa vkSj [kk|&Ük`a[kyk esa budh ek=k c<+rh tkrh gSA Qyr% i;kZoj.k esa bu Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dh fo"kkDrrk Çprk dk fo"k; cu xbZ gSA dSMfe;e] Øksfe;e] ysM] dkWij] eD;wZjh rFkk fudSy vkfn Hkkjh èkkrq,a vkS|ksfxd vif’k"V inkFkksZa }kjk i;kZoj.k esa igqap jgh gSaA ;s Hkkjh èkkrq,a i;kZoj.k ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa ;Fkk&ty] e`nk] ok;q] ikS/kksa vkfn esa igqap dj izfrdwy izHkko mRiUu dj jgh gSaA

;|fi bu Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dk izkÑfrd :i ls fo?kVu gksrk jgrk gS ijarq dqN Hkkjh èkkrq,a cgqr nh?kZLFkkbZ gksrh gSa vkSj buds vo’ks"k tSo&eaMy esa cgqr le; rd cus jgrs gSaA

Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k izksVhu foÑrhdj.k] Mh,u, mRifjorZu] raf=dkvksa vkSj dksf’kdk f>Yyh dh ,atkbe fØ;kfofèk izHkkfor gksrh gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i 'kkjhfjd fodkl vo#) gksus yxrk gS vkSj jksx mRiUu djus okys dkjdksa ls yM+us dh {kerk de gks tkrh gSA fo"kSyh Hkkjh èkkrq,a mikipf;d fØ;k’khy lewgksa ls tqM+ dj mudh fØ;k’khyrk dks izHkkfor djrh gSaA dqN èkkrq,a dSaljtud] dqN mRifjorZu djus okyh vkSj dqN Hkwz.k

ds fodkl esa vo#)rk ykus okyh gksrh gSaA ;s fo"kSyh /kkrq,a 'kjhj dh izfrjksèkd {kerk dks ?kVk nsrh gSa ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i jksx mRiUu gksus yxrs gSaA

Hkkjh èkkrq,a eq[; :Ik ls vkorZ lkj.kh ds rhljs] pkSFks] ikaposa vkSj NBs lewg ls lacafèkr gksrh gSaA ;s i;kZoj.k ds lHkh ?kVdksa ;Fkk&ty] e`nk rFkk ok;q vkfn esa O;kIr jg dj [kk|&Üka[kyk ds ekè;e ls thoksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkyrh gSaA dqN èkkrq,a] tks olk esa ?kqyu’khy gksrh gSa] os tSo&lap;u }kjk thoksa ds 'kjhj esa lafpr gks tkrh gSaA

Hkkjh èkkrq,a tSfod fØ;kvksa esa ckèkk igqapkrh gSaA Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dh fo"kkDrrk mudh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA tSls Øksfe;e&III dh rqyuk


esa Øksfe;e&VI vfèkd fo"kSyk gksrk gSA dkWij&II o fudSy&II voLFkk Hkh fo"kkDr Js.kh esa vkrh gSA eD;wZjh dh dkcZfud voLFkk bldh vU; voLFkkvksa ls cgqr vfèkd fo"kSyh ,oa izk.k?kkrd gksrh gSA ;s Hkkjh èkkrq,a 'kjhj ds fofHkUu vaxksa o ra=ksa tSls&;Ñr] xqnkZ] raf=dk&ra= vkfn dks cqjh rjg izHkkfor djrh gSaA

Hkkjh èkkrqvksa ds gkfudkjd izHkko

ls cpus ds fy, budk okrkoj.k ls mfpr fu"dklu t:jh gSA HkkSfrd o jklk;fud fof/k;ksa }kjk Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dk fu"dklu vfèkd [kphZyk gSA vktdy tSo&mipkj ¼ck;ksfjehfM,'ku½ fofèk }kjk ¼cSDVhfj;k] dod rFkk 'kSoky tSls lw{etho ds iz;ksx½ iznwf"kr ty ,oa e`nk ls Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dk fu"dklu fd;k tk jgk gSA tSo&mipkj ,d

izkÑfrd fØ;k gS vkSj blesa cgqr de ykxr vkrh gSA bl rduhd dk mi;ksx iznwf"kr txg ij tkdj gh dj ldrs gSaA ;g rduhd vif’k"V inkFkZ dh ek=k dks de djus esa lgk;d gSA fofHkUu izdkj ds lw{etho Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dks vius vanj xzg.k dj ysrs gSa ;k viuh ckgjh lrg ij lks[k ysrs gSaA dqN lw{etho èkkrqvksa dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk dks ifjofrZr dj mUgsa de gkfudkjd voLFkk esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls Øksfe;e vkfnA

gky es a i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvks a ds lekèkku rFkk i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk iz;ksx c<+k gSA blls i;kZoj.kh; tSo&izkS|ksfxdh vius vki esa i;kZoj.k vè;;u ds ,d Lora= {ks= ds :i esa fodflr gks pqdh gSA i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk iz;ksx gh ;FkkFkZ esa i;kZoj.kh; tSo&izkS|kfxdh dgykrk gSA blds varxZr i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k fu;a=.k esa lw{ethoksa dk iz;ksx] tSo&moZjd] tSo&lalwpd] tSo&dhVuk’kh rFkk tSo&[kjirokjuk’kh] tSo&bZaèku vkfn dk mi;ksx lfEefyr gSA i;kZoj.k tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ,d ,slh izkS|ksfxdh gS ftlds }kjk lw{ethoksa esa thu bathfu;jh rduhd dk bLrseky djds i;kZoj.k esa QSys fo"kSys inkFkksZa dh ek=k

mi;ksxh cSDVhfj;k dk laoèkZu


dks de fd;k tkrk gSAtSo&mipkj og izfØ;k gS ftlesa

lw{ethoksa ds mi;ksx ls i;kZoj.k esa QSys iznwf"kr inkFkksZa dks vi?kfVr djds i;kZoj.k dks iznw"k.k eqDr fd;k tkrk gSA bl rduhd ds }kjk i;kZoj.k ls iznwf"kr inkFkksZa dks gVk dj gkfudkjd inkFkksZa dks gkfujfgr inkFkksZa esa ifjofrZr djds Hkfo"; esa gksus okys iznw"k.k ls cpk tk ldrk gSA lw{ethoksa ds vanj iznwf"kr inkFkksZa dks izkÑfrd :i ls vi?kfVr djus dh {kerk gksrh gS] ;gh tSo&mipkj rduhd dk vkèkkj gSA lw{ethoks a dh bl {kerk dks thu laoÆ)r rduhd ds }kjk c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA

cSlhyl] L;wMkseksukl cSDVhfj;k ds vfrfjDr ,LiÆtyl] ¶;wtsfj;e tSls dqN dod tSo&mipkj esa mi;ksxh fl) gq, gS aA tSo&mipkj es a tc thfor lw{ethoks a dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g rduhd tSo&lap;u dgykrh gS vkSj tc lw{ethoksa dk iz;ksx e`r voLFkk esa djrs gSa rks ;g rduhd tSo&vfèk’kks"k.k dgykrh gSA tSo&vfèk’kks"k.k izfØ;k tSo&lap;u dh vis{kk cgqr de le; ysrh gSA nksuksa gh izfØ;k,a i;kZoj.k vuqdwy vkSj de ykxr okyh gSaA

lw{ethoksa dh lgk;rk ls ,d fo’ks"k

izdkj ds ckW;ksikWfyej dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gS] tks ikuh dks vfèkd ek=k esa vo’kksf"kr djrk gSA bl dk;Z ds fy, ,Ydyhtsal Y;qfV;l uked cSDVhfj;k ls ,d fo’ks"k izdkj dk mRikn ^^lqij ck;ks,CtkosZUV** izkIr fd;k tkrk gS tks fd ,d fo’ks"k izdkj dk ikWfylSdsjkbM gSA ;g ikWfylSdsjkbM Xywdkst rFkk Xywd;wjksfud ,flM ls cuk gksrk gSA ;g ikuh laxzg djus dh {kerk j[krk gSA Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa bl rduhd dk mi;ksx djds c<+rh tula[;k dh t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr esa dbZ gtkj gSDVs;j Ålj

tehu gS ftls bl rduhd ds lgkjs moZj cukdj Qly mRiknu fd;k tk ldrk gSA

tSo&mipkj rduhd dk mi;ksx gkfudkjd dpjs dh mifLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bl rjg tSo&mipkj rduhd nks izdkj ls mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gS&ewy LFkku ij vFkkZr~ bu&lhVw vkSj vU;= vFkkZr~ ^,Dl&lhVw*A

igyh rduhd esa ftl LFkku ij gkfudkjd dpjk jgrk gS ogha ij lw{ethoksa vkSj dpjs ds chp izR;{k laidZ djkdj dpjs dks vi?kfVr fd;k

rsy

rsy dk lw{etSfod foPNsnu tSo&mipkj esa mi;ksxh gSa cSDVhfj;k

tSo&mipkj gsrq cSDVhfj;k lao/kZu

Hkkjh èkkrq,a vkSj ikS/ks

lw{ethoksa }kjk foPNsnu

¼'ks"k i`"B 48 ij½


dgkuh] dfork vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa ds

}kjk foKku dks le>krh iqLrd

# euh"k eksgu xksjs

foKku lkfgR; ppkZ

cPpksa ds fy, [kkl rkSj ij fy[kh xbZ iqLrd ÞmYyw vkSj dkyk p'ekß esa rhu eq[; rRo 'kkfey fd, x, gSa# lcls igys ,d f'k{kkçn vkSj jkspd dgkuh] fQj ,d eueksgd dfork rFkk var esa dqN xfrfof/k;ka tks cPps Lo;a dj ldrs gSaA iqLrd ds ;s rhuksa igyw ,d fo'ks"k oSKkfud ladYiuk ij vkèkkfjr gSaA

iqLrd ds çFke [kaM esa ÞmYyw vkSj dkyk p'ekß 'kh"kZd ,d etsnkj dgkuh esa taxy esa jgus okys mYyw dks dkys p'es dh t:jr vku iM+rh gSA blds ckn lHkh taxyoklh rjg&rjg dh ckrsa djus yxs tSls fd tks i{kh ¼mYyw½ iwjs fnu lksrk jgrk gks] ftls nksigj esa èkwi dk lkeuk Hkh ugha djuk iM+rk gks] mls Hkyk /kwi okys dkys p'es dh D;k

t#jr\ taxyokfl;ksa dh rjg vki lHkh ikBdksa ds eu esa Hkh ;g gypy gksus yxh gksxh fd dgha dgkuh okyk mYyw mYVk taxyokfl;ksa dks mYyw rks ugha cuk jgk Fkk ;k fQj vxj mls lpeqp esa dkys p'es dh t#jr Fkh rks ,slh vuks[kh t#jr mls D;ksa vku iM+h\

njvly bl dgkuh ds ek/;e ls iqLrd dh ysf[kdk M‚- e/kq iar us cPpksa dks ,d egRoiw.kZ oSKkfud ladYiuk dks vR;ar jkspd vankt esa çLrqr fd;k gSA dkys ;k xgjs jax dh lrg lw;Z ds çdk'k dk vf/kd vo'kks"k.k djrh gS vkSj blds foijhr lQsn ;k pedhys jaxksa dh lrg vius Åij iM+us okyh vf/kdka'k çdk'k fdj.kksa dks ijkofrZr dj nsrh gS vFkkZr~ mUgsa okil ykSVk nsrh gSA bl dgkuh esa okLro esa] mYyw dh vka[kksa esa lwtu vk tkrh gS vkSj og fnu esa lw;Z ds çdk'k dh lh/k esa dkyk p'ek yxkdj lks;k djrk gS rkfd p'es ds }kjk lks[ks x, çdk'k dh xehZ ls mldh vka[kksa dh fldkbZ gks tk, vkSj og Hkyk&paxk gks tk,A dkys jax }kjk Å"ek ds 'kks"k.k dh bl oSKkfud ladYiuk ij dasfær ;g dgkuh] u dsoy ekSfyd o euksjatd gS] cfYd cky&eukso`fÙk ds loZFkk vuq:i Hkh gSA jkf=pj çk.kh mYyw ds }kjk dkys p'es dh pkgr bruh vViVh gS fd lkjs taxyoklh ;g [kcj lqu dj gDds&cDds jg tkrs gSaA

iqLrd ds igys [kaM esa mijksDr dgkuh ds ckn blh ewy dgkuh dh dFkkoLrq dks dfork ds ek/;e ls O;Dr dj ysf[kdk us ,d ekSfyd ç;ksx fd;k gS ftlesa cky ikBd x| ds lkFk&lkFk i| ¼dfork½ dk vkuan mBk ldsaxs vkSj dfork dh xs;rk o e/kqjrk dk os jlkLoknu dj ik,axsA dfork ds ckn iqLrd ds rhljs

iM+ko ij dkys jax }kjk rki dk vf/kd vo'kks"k.k fd, tkus dh ladYiuk dh iqf"V ds fy, cPpksa gsrq Lo;a djds vktekbZ tk ldus okyh dqN ljy vkSj #fpdj xfrfof/k;ka çLrqr dh xbZ gSaA

32 i"Bksa dh ;g jaxhu vkSj vkd"kZd iqLrd cPpksa dks igyh utj esa viuh vksj [khaap ysus dh i;kZIr {kerk j[krh gSA iqLrd esa dqN ,d LFkkuksa ij orZuh nks"k jg x, gSa vkSj ewY; ¼`160½ ,d vke ikBd ds fy, FkksM+k vf/kd gSA ogha nwljh vksj iqLrd dh NikbZ xq.koÙkk vkSj jaxhu euHkkou fp= ikBdksa dks cjcl çHkkfor djus okys gSaA cPpksa esa foKku dh le> fodflr djus ls lacafèkr fo"k;&oLrq dk p;u dj ysf[kdk us foKku yksdfç;dj.k dh vko';drk dks cy çnku fd;k gSA bl lkFkZd vkSj f'k{kkçn iqLrd ds l`tu ds fy, og c/kkbZ dh ik= gSaA

Ekuh"k eksgu xksjs] foKku izlkj] ,&50 b a f LVV ~; w ' kuy , fj; k ] l s DVj&62 ] uks,Mk&201309 ¼m- ç-½bZ&esy % [email protected]

iqLrd % mYyw vkSj dkyk p'ek

ys[kdk % MkW- e/kq iar izdk'kd % Li'kZef.k] 104]

ikWdsV&,] ekmaV dSyk'k] bZLV vkWQ dSyk'k] ubZ fnYyh&110065

laLdj.k % 2014fp=kadu % HkwisUæ:ikadu % eunhi dkSj dax

,oa fojsaæ Hkksfj;ki`"B la[;k % 32 ewY; % ` 160


,uvkjMhlh dh izkS|ksfxdh#vkids fy,

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, laidZ djsa %

vferkHk feJkizca/kd] ,u-vkj-Mh-lh

bZ&esy % [email protected]

us'kuy fjlpZ fMosyiesaV dkjiksjs'ku 20&22] te:niqj lkeqnkf;d dsanz

dSyk'k dkWyksuh ,DlVas'kuubZ fnYyh&110048

Qksu ua- % 011&29240401&07

uSnkfud uewuk s a e s a jk sxtud

ekbdk sc SDVhfj;k dh tYnh rFkk

fo’oluh; igpku euq"; esa risfnd

¼Vhch½ ds fu;a=.k esa cM+h ck/kk gSA

orZeku esa uSnkfud ekbdkscSDVhfj;k

i`FkDÑrksa ¼vkblksysV~l½ dh igpku

djus esa <sj lkjs /khes vkSj FkdkÅ

ijh{k.kksa ¼lw{etSfod] tSojklk;fud

vkfn½ es a lkekU;r% dbZ fnu ;k

lIrkg yx tkrs gSaA ekbdkscSDVhfj;e

V~;wcjDyksfll rFkk ,e- cksfol ds

chp varj ds fy, Á;qDr ekinaM

gSa % dkWyksuh vkdkfjdh ¼ekWQksZykWth½]

ukbVªsV vip;u ¼fjMD’ku½] fu;klhu

ijh{k.k rFkk ikbjSftusekbM ds Áfr

lqxzkfgrk vFkok Áfrjks/kdrkA mijksDr

lHkh ijh{k.kks a es a ekud iSVuks Z a ls

fHkUurk fjiksVZ dh xbZ gS ftlds dkj.k

,e- cksfol] ,e- V~;wcjDyksfll vkSj

,ÝhdSue ds chp varj dj ikuk

oLrqr% vlaHko gks x;k gSA leku y{k.kh

fo’ks"krkvksa esa cgqr vf/kd fHkUurk gksus

ds dkj.k ,d fo’oluh; rduhd dk

fodkl djus dh vko’;drk eglwl

gqbZ tks ekbdkscSDVhfj;e V~;wcjDyksfll

rFkk ,e- cksfol ¼,eVhch½ dkWEIysDl

ds lnL;ksa ds chp varj dj ldsA

fodkl’khy ns’kksa esa xkstkrh; risfnd

ds Ákf.k#th; ¼twuksfVd½ fufgrkFkksZa ds

dkj.k ,e- V~;wcjDyksfll dkWEIysDl

ds Hkhrj gh Átkfr dh igpku djuk

vko’;d gS vkSj fefJr jksxtud

ekbdk sc SDVh fj;y l aØe.k oky s

jksfx;ks a dh igpku dh laHkkO;rk

,e- V~;wcjDyksfll] ,e- cksfol] ,e-

,ÝhdSue rFkk ,e- dsusVh igpkus tk

pqds ekuo jksxk.kq gSaA

ekbdkscSDVhfj;k dh Átkfr;ksa dh

lgh igpku laHkkfor [krjukd rFkk

laØked tu LokLF; dsaæksa vkSj fefJr

laØe.k dh O;kidrk dk irk yxkus easa

mi;ksxh gSA jksxtud ekbdkscSDVhfj;k

dh vkSj muesa varj dj ldus vkSj

igpku dj ldus dh {kerk ekuo

risfnd ds fo#) uohu rFkk mUur

Vhds dks fMtkbu djus esa ykHknk;d

gksxhA

izkS|ksfxdh

ubZ fodkflr ÁkS|ksfxdh esaas ,d gh

vfHkfØ;k esa 'hupB(Rv2986c)' thu

dks yf{kr djds ,e- V~;wcjDyksfll

vkSj ,e- cksfol esa Hksn djus ds fy,

ihlhvkj vkekiu fd;k tkrk gSA

ÁkS|ksfxdh esa Á;qDr dk;Zuhfr

rhu uohu Ákbejksa ds fMtkbu ij

vk/kkfjr gSA ,d lkekU; Ákbej

,d vU; Ákbej ds lkFk laiw.k Z

jksxtud ekbdkscSDVhfj;k dh igpku ds fy, ihlhvkj#vkj,Q,yih vkekiu gsrq uohu izkbej

'hupB' thu ds Áo/kZu esa lgk;d

gksrk gS vkSj tks iqu% rhljs Ákbej

ls fey dj p;ukRed <ax ls thu

ds lh&VÆeuy Hkkx dk s ÁoÆ/kr

djrk gSA ÁkIr ihlhvkj&mRiknksa ds

vkdkj esa varj ekbdkscSDVhfj;k dh

ijLij utnhdh rkSj ij lacaf/kr

Átkfr;ks a&,e- V~;wcjDyksfll vkSj

,e- cksfol&dks&,e Vh ch dkWIysDl

ds vU; lnL;ksa ls vyx igpkuus

ds fy, fo’oluh; lw= dk dk;Z

djrk gSA

¼Çgnh :ikarj.k % fLerk ikjk'kj½


[ksy&[ksy esa foKku

D;k ge Lo;a ds Mh,u, dk fu"d"kZ.k

dj ldrs gSa\# nq";Ur dqekj vxzoky

vki tkurs dh gSa gj O;fDr dk Mh,u, fof’k"V gksrk gS vkSj blds vkèkkj ij O;fDr dh igpku dh tk ldrh gSA vkius fdlh O;fDr dh igpku djus ds fy, Mh,u, dk uewuk fo’ks"k iz;ksx’kkykvksa esa tkap djus ds fy, Hksts tkus dh ckr lekpkj i=ksa ;k Vhoh ij i<+h ;k lquh gksxhA D;k ge Hkh viuk Mh,u, i`Fkd dj ldrs gSa\ vkb, vius ?kj ij gh vius Mh,u, dk fu"d"kZ.k djsaA

lkexzh dgka ls feysxh\

ikjn’kZd dkap dk NksVk I;kyk ;k okWp Xykl+ ¼?kj esa miyC/k gks ldrk gS½A

lk/kkj.k ued ¼?kj esa miyCèk½A

fyfDoM lksi ¼?kj esa miyC/k½A

fLifjV ;k ,YdksgkWy ,d fefyyhVj ¼?kj vFkok lkbal LVksj ls½A

vaxwj dk jl ¼?kj esa miyC/k vaxwj½A

D;k djuk gS\

loZizFke dkap ds I;kys esa viuk FkksM+k lk Fkwd yhft,A

bl Fkwd ij ,d pqVdh Hkj ued Mkfy,A

vc bl ij dqN cwanas fyfDoM lksi dh Mkfy,A

bu ij dqN cwans vaxwj ds jl dh Mkfy,A

var esa dqN cwans ,YYdksgkWy dh Mkfy,A

vc vki lHkh inkFkksZa dks vPNh rjg ls feykb,A

nsf[k, D;k gksrk gS\

vki ns[ksaxs fd feJ.k dh lrg ij ,d lQsn fpifpis js’kksa dh ijr lh vk xbZ gSA ;gh fpifpik inkFkZ vkidk Mh,u, gSA

dkap dk I;kyk

Fkwd] ued] fyfDoM lksi] ,YdksgkWy ,oa vaxwj ds jl dk feJ.k

vkb, le>s a fd , slk D;k s a gksrk gS\

gekjh ykj es a gekjs eq ag dh dksf’kdk,a gksrh gSaA b u dksf’kdkvksa esa gekjk Mh,u, gksrk gSA fyfDoM lksi esa mifLFkr fMVjtsaV Mh,u, dh lqj{kk f>Yyh dks rksM+ nsrk gSA ,YdksgkWy ,oa ued Mh,u, dh izÑfr dks cny nsrs gSaA bl izdkj Mh,u, tSfod :i ls fuf"Ø; gks tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i Mh,u, eqDr gksdj vo{ksfir (precipitate) gks tkrk gSA vaxwj dk jl ml izksVhu dks csvlj dj nsrk gS ftlls Mh,u, dks uqdlku igqapus dh laHkkouk gksA

nq";Ur dqekj vxzoky] 135] banzçLFk dkWEiysDl&ch] lsDVj&14] mn;iqj&226010 ¼jktLFkku½bZ&esy % [email protected]


vkfo"dkj if=dk esa izdk’ku gsrq ys[k vkeaf=r gSavkfo"dkj if=dk esa izdk'ku gsrq foKku ys[kdksa] oSKkfudksa] vuqla/kkudrkZvksa] izkS|ksfxdhfonksa] rduhdh fo'ks"kKksa]

vkfo"dkjdksa] uokpkjdksa] m|fe;ksa vkfn ls ys[k vkeaf=r gSaA

vkfo"dkj if=dk esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh fo"k;d ys[kksa ds vraxZr ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa] vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl dk;ksaZ] u, vkfo"dkjksa o uokpkjksa] lkef;d fo"k;ksa ¼djaV VkWfiDl½ vkfn ij ys[k izdkf'kr fd, tkrs gSaA if=dk esa ys[kksa ds vfrfjDr fofo/k LraHk Hkh izdkf'kr fd, tkrs gSaA if=dk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa ij ,u-vkj-Mh-lh- }kjk fu/kkZfjr ekuns; nsus dh O;OkLFkk gSA

ys[kdksa ds fy, fn’kk&funsZ’k

ys[k dk fo"k; foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa fdlh lkef;d fo"k; ¼djaV VkWfiDl½] ubZ çkS|ksfxfd;ksa] vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl dk;ksZa] u, vkfo"dkjksa o uokpkjksa] Hkkoh çkS|ksfxfd;kas] vkfn ij vk/kkfjr gksA

lk/kkj.kr;k ys[k vf/kdre yxHkx 3]000 'kCnksa dk gksA LraHk ds fy, Hkstk x;k ys[k vf/kdre yxHkx 1500 'kCnksa dk gksA ys[k dks cks/kxE; ,oa lq#fpiw.kZ cukus gsrq d`Ik;k ys[k ds lkFk mi;qDr QksVksfp=@js[kkfp= ¼fizaV djus ;ksX; DokfyVh ds½ Hkh layXu djsa vkSj QkssVksfp=@js[kkfp= ds ewy&lzksr dk lanHkZ vo'; nsaA Yks[k esa ;fn vkadM+ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS rks lkFk esa vkadM+ksa ds ewy&Lkzksr dk lanHkZ Hkh nsaA Yks[k ds lkFk bl vk'k; dk ?kks"k.kk&Ik= vo'; Hkstsa fd vkidk ys[k ekSfyd] vizdkf'kr o vizlkfjr gSA

ys[k ljy fganh Hkk"kk esa fy[kk gksA dks"Bd esa oSKkfud o rduhdh 'kCnksa ds vaxzsth 'kCn vo'; nsaA Ñi;k vius ys[k esa iz;qDr oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh 'kCnksa dks ekudhdj.k gsrq oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh 'kCnkoyh vk;ksx] ubZ fnYyh }kjk rS;kj 'kCnkofy;ksa ds vuq:Ik j[ksaA

ekiksa dks laf{kIr :i esa u fy[k dj iwjs :i esa fy[ksa tSls fd-xzk- ds fy, fdykssxzke] fe-eh- ds fy, fefyehVj vkfnA lHkh eki ehfVªd iz.kkyh esa gksaA

ys[k dkxt ds ,d vksj Vkbi fd;k gqvk ;k Li"V :i ls gLrfyf[kr gksA Vkbi fd, ys[k dh lh-Mh- Hkh lkFk esa HkstasA ys[k ¼QkUV lfgr½ bZ&esy ek/;e ls Hkh Hksts tk ldrs gSaA

izdk'ku ds fy, mi;qDr ik, x, ys[kksa dks gh if=dk esa izdkf'kr fd;k tk,xkA fdlh ys[k ds izdk'ku gsrq p;u ds lanHkZ esa laiknd dk fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA izdk'ku gsrq vuqi;qDr ik, x, ys[k dks if=dk esa ;k vU;= fdlh Hkh :Ik esa iz;qDr u djrs gq, ys[kd dks okil Hkst fn;k tk,xkA

ys[k ds var esa vius gLrk{kj lfgr viuk i=&O;ogkj dk irk Hkh nsaA lkFk gh ys[k ds dqy i`"Bksa dh la[;k] QksVksfp=ksa@js[kkfp=ksa vkSj lkjf.k;ksa dh la[;k dk Hkh mYys[k djsaA

ys[kd }kjk Hksts x, ys[k ,oa QksVksfp=ksa@js[kkfp=ksa ds lanHkZ esa dkWihjkbV laca/kh mÙkjnkf;Ro Lo;a ys[kd dk gksxkA

ys[k bl irs ij Hkstsa % laiknd] vkfo"dkj] us'kuy fjlpZ fMosyiesaV dkjiksjs'ku] 20&22] te:niqj lkeqnkf;d dsanz] dSyk'k dkWyksuh ,DlVsa'ku] ubZ fnYyh&110048] bZ&esy% [email protected] / [email protected]


fofo/kk

foKku&bfrgkl ds vkbZus esa fnlEcj

# MkW- Ñ".k dqekj feJ

bl o"kZ tuojh ekg ls çdkf’kr fd, tk jgs bl LraHk esa vkèkqfud foKku dh egRoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa vkSj miyfCèk;ksa dks muds frfFkØe esa çLrqr djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;kA bl vafre dM+h esa çLrqr gS fnlEcj ekg dh vge ?kVukvksa dk ,d laf{kIr ys[kk&tks[kk ftlesa gj ekg dh rjg lekos’k gS lqfo[;kr oSKkfudksa ds tUe] fuèku rFkk foKku txr dh [kkstksa@vkfo"dkjksa rFkk miyfCèk;ksa dkA

tUe

1 fnlEcjekfVZu gsufjd DySçkWFk teZu jlk;ufon~ ekÆVu gsufjd DySçkWFk dk tUe 1 fnlEcj 1743 dks gqvk FkkA os oS’ysf"kd jlk;u foKku ds tud ekus tkrs gSaA mUgksaus ;wj sfu;e ¼lu~ 1789½] tdkZ sfu;e ¼lu~ 1789½ rFkk lhfj;e ¼lu~ 1803½ dh [kkst dh vkSj dbZ rRoksa dh igpku dhA

1 fnlEcjekfVZu jkWMcsy vesfjdh tSojlk;ufon~ ekÆVu jkWMcsy dk tUe 1 fnlEcj 1925 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa flXuy VªkalM;wlj çksVhu ¼th&çksVhu½ dh [kkst djus ds fy, lu~ 1994 esa vyÝsM fxyeku ds lkFk ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

3 fnlEcjikWy ØqVt+su Mp jlk;ufon ~ ik Wy Ø q V t + s u d k t U e 3 fnlEcj 1933 dks gqvk FkkA mUgs a ^ok;qeaMyh; jlk;u] fo’ks"kdj vkst+ksu ds cuus vkSj fo?kVu ij dk;Z* ds fy, ekfj;ks eksfyuk vkSj ,Q- ’ksjoqM jksySaM ds lkFk lu~ 1995 esa jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

3 fnlEcjihVj lh- 'kqYt+ vesfjdh oSKkfud ihVj lh- ’kqYt+ dk tUe 3 fnlEcj 1942 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus dkWÉux Xykl ij ’kksèk djus okys jkWcVZ ekWjj vkSj MksukYM dsd ds lkFk dke djrs gq, vkWfIVdy Qkbcj dk fuekZ.k fd;kA

4 fnlEcj vYÝSM Mh g'khZ ve s f jdh thofoKkuh vYÝSM Mh g’kÊ dk tUe 4 fnlEcj 1908 dks gqvk FkkA mUgs a okbjlks a dh çfrÑfr fØ;kfof/k vkSj vkuqoaf’kd lajpuk ij dk;Z djus ds fy, eSDl Msyczqd vkSj lSYokMksj Y;qfj;k ds lkFk lu~ 1969 esa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

5 fnlEcj ouZj gkbt+sucxZ teZu ÒkSfrdhfon~ ouZj gkbt + sucx Z dk tUe 5 fnlEcj 1901 dks gqvk

FkkA mUgks aus DokaVe eSdsfuDl dk eSfVªDl o’kZu rS;kj fd;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd bysDVªkWu tSls lw{e d.k dh vofLFkfr rFkk laosx dk leosr ifj’kq) ekiu laÒo ugÈ gSA mUgsa DokaVe eSdsfuDl dh jpuk djus ds fy, lu~ 1932 esa ÒkSfrdh dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 5 fnlEcjvukZYM lksejQsYM teZu ÒkSfrdhfon~ vukZYM lk sejQ s YM dk tUe 5 fnlEcj 1868 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus cksj ds ijek.kq ekWMy esa la’kksèku djds lksejQsYM ekWMy çLrqr fd;kA blls eghu o.kZØeh js[kkvksa dh O;k[;k djus esa ljyrk gqbZA 6 fnlEcjtkWtZ iksVZj vaxzst+ jlk;ufon~ tkWtZ iksVZj dk tUe 6 fnlEcj 1920 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa vU; nks vaxzst+ oSKkfud jkWuYM ukWfj’k vkSj eSuÝsM bZtsu ds lkFk vfrrhoz vfÒfØ;kvksa ds vè;;u ds fy, lu~ 1967 esa jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

7 fnlEcj F;ksMj 'okWuteZu ’kjhjfØ;kfoKkuh F;ksMj ’okWu dk tUe 7 fnlEcj 1810 dks gqvk FkkA mUgk s au s vk/k qfud ÅrdfoKku dh uÈo j[khA viuh iqLrd ekbØksLdksfi’ks vaVjlq’kqUtu ¼lu~ 1839] ekbØksLdksfidy fjlpsZt½


esa mUgksaus tSo lajpuk esa dksf’kdk dh Òwfedk dks ifjÒkf"kr fd;kA

7 fnlEcjfy;ksiksYM Øksusdj teZu xf.krK fy;ksiksYM Ø k s u s d j d k t U e 7 fnlEcj 1823 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus vadxf.kr] chtxf.kr vkSj fo’ys"k.k dks ,d:fir djus dk ç;kl fd;kA

9 fnlEcjfÝVt+ gkcj teZu jlk;ufon~ fÝVt+ gkcj dk tUe 9 fnlEcj 1868 dk s g qvk F k kA mUgksaus lu~ 1909 esa lhèks ukbVªkstu rFkk gkbMªkstu ds la;ksx ls veksfu;k ds la’ys"k.k dh ubZ i)fr dk fodkl fd;k ftlds fy, mUgsa lu~ 1918 esa jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

9 fnlEcjdkyZ foYgse 'khys LohMu ds jlk;ufon~ dkyZ foYgse ’khys dk tUe 9 fnlEcj 1742 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus lu~ 1772 esa vkWDlhtu dh [kkst dhA ’khys ,d mRlkgh ç;ksxfon~ Fks ftUgksaus tksf[keÒjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke fd;kA viuh ,dek= iqLrd ^dSfedy vkCt+oZs’kUl ,aM bDliSfjesaV vkWu ,vj ,aM Qk;j* esa mUgksaus vkWDlhtu vkSj ukbVªkstu ds ckjs esa crk;kA mUgksaus Dyksjhu ¼lu~ 1774½] eSaxuht+ ¼lu~ 1774½ rFkk VaXlVsu ¼lu~ 1781½ tSls rRoksa vkSj dbZ jklk;fud ;kSfxdksa dh [kkst dhA

10 fnlEcj gkWoMZ ekfVZu Vsfeu vesfjdh fo"kk.k qfoKkuh gkWoMZ ekfVZu Vsfeu dk tUe 10 fnlEcj 1934 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa muds çksQslj jSusVks MycSôks vkSj muds gh nwljs fo|kFkÊ MsfoM ckfYVeksj ds lkFk V~;wej okbjl vkSj dksf’kdk dh vkuqoaf’kd lkexzh ds chp var%fØ;k ds fo"k; esa mudh [kkstksa ds fy, lu~ 1975 esa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

11 fnlEcjjkWcVZ dkW[k teZu fpfdRld gsufjd geZu jk WcVZ dkW[k dk tUe 11 fnlEcj 1843 dks gqvk FkkA os thok.kq foKku ds laLFkkidksa esa ls ,d gSaA mUgksaus {k; jksx rFkk gStk ds thok.kqvksa ;kuh cSDVhfj;k dh [kkst dhA bu mYys[kuh; dk;ks± ds fy, mUgsa lu~ 1905 esa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk uk sc sy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

11 fnlEcjikWy xzhuxkMZ vesfjdh raf=dkfoKkuh ikWy xzhuxkMZ dk tUe 11 fnlEcj 1925 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus crk;k fd fdl rjg Mªx fnekx dks çÒkfor djrh gSA mUgksaus u’ks dh yr ¼Mªx ,fMD’ku½ dks ekufld chekjh ekukA bl egRoiw.kZ dk;Z ds fy, bUgsa LohMu ds bfoZu dkyZlu rFkk vkWfLVª;kbZ&vesfjdh ,fjd vkj- dSaMsy ds lkFk lu~ 2000 esa

’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 12 fnlEcj vYÝSM ouZj Ýk al e s a tUe s fLol jlk;ufon~ vYÝSM ouZj dk tUe 12 fnlEcj 1866 dks gqvk FkkA muds ladqy ;kSfxdksa ij fd, x, dk;Z ds fy, lu~ 1913 esa mUgsa jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd f=foe leko;ork ¼LVhfy;ksvkblksefjTe½ dsoy dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dk gh xq.kèkeZ ugÈ gS cfYd ;g lewps jlk;u foKku ij ykxw gksrk gSA

12 fnlEcj;wthu ckmeku teZu jlk;ufon~ ;wthu c k m e k u d k t U e 12 fnlEcj 1846 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus irk yxk;k fd FkkbjkWbM xzafFk esa vk;ksMhu gksrh gSA blls igys ;g tkudkjh ugÈ Fkh fd tarqvksa esa vk;ksMhu rRo ik;k tkrk gSA

13 fnlEcjfQfyi okjsu ,aMjluve s fjdh Òk S frdhfon ~ fQfyi okjsu ,aMjlu dk tUe 13 fnlEcj 1923 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa pqacdRo vkSj vO;ofLFkr ç.kkfy;ksa dh bysDVªkWfud lajpukvksa ds ewy lS)kafrd vUos"k.kksa ds fy, tkWu ,p- oSu Oysd vkSj usfoy ,Q- ekWV ds lkFk lu~ 1977 esa ÒkSfrdh dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA


14 fnlEcj Vkbdks czkgs ç[;kr MSfu’k [kxksyfon~ Vkbdks czkgs dk tUe 14 fnlEcj 1546 dks gqvk FkkA mUgks aus [kxksyfoKkuh; midj.kksa ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku fn;k ftlls vusd rkjksa dh fLFkfr dk irk yxk;k tk ldkA

15 fnlEcjekWfjl fofYdUl U;wt+hySaM esa tUes fczfV’k ÒkSfrdhfon~ ekWfjl áw ÝsfMªd fofYdUl dk tUe 15 fnlEcj 1916 dks gqvk FkkA muds Mh,u, ds ,Dl&js foorZu }kjk fy, x, çs{k.kksa ls Mh,u, dh vkf.od lajpuk Kkr djus esa enn feyhA blds fy, mUgsa lu~ 1962 esa Ýkafll fØd vkSj tsEl okWVlu ds lkFk ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

15 fnlEcjgsujh cSdsjy Ýk alhlh Òk S frdhfon ~ gsujh cSdsjy dk tUe 15 fnlEcj 1852 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus jsfM;ksèkfeZrk dh [kkst dh ftlds fy, lu~ 1903 esa fi;js vkSj ekWjh D;wjh ds lkFk ÒkSfrdh dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

17 fnlEcj gEÝh Msohvaxzst+ jlk;ufon~ gEÝh Msoh dk tUe 17 fnlEcj 1778 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa iksVSf’k;e vkSj lksfM;e

lfgr dbZ jklk;fud rRoks a vkSj ;kSfxdksa dh [kkst dk Js; tkrk gSA mUgksaus ls¶Vh ySai dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA

17 fnlEcj tSu boSuxsfyLVk ifdZUth rRdkyhu psdksLyksokfd;k d s o S K k f u d t S u boSuxsfyLVk iÆdUth dk tUe 17 fnlEcj 1787 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku ds vxz.kh ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA mUgksaus Ård foKku] Òzw.kfoKku rFkk Òs"kt&foKku ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Òwfedk fuÒkbZA iÉdth igys O;fä Fks ftUgksaus ekbØksVkse] iksVSf’k;eMkbØksesV vkSj dukMk ckYle dk bLrseky ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku dh LykbM cukus esa fd;kA

18 fnlEcjts-ts- FkkWelu vaxzst+ ÒkSfrdhfon~ tkstQ tkWu FkkWelu dk tUe 18 fnlEcj 1856 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus lu~ 1897 esa dSFkksM fdj.kksa ij dke djrs gq, crk;k fd ;s _.kkosf'kr d.kksa ls cuh gSa] tks okLro esa bysDVªkWu FksA bl rjg mUgksaus igyh ckj fdlh voijekf.od d.k dh [kkst dhA bysDVªkWu dh [kkst rFkk xSlksa ds fo|qrpkyu ij dk;Z ds fy, mUgsa lu~ 1906 esa HkkSfrdh ds ukscsy iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA ckn esa ijek.kq dh lajpuk ds ckjs esa Òh FkkWelu us cgqewY; ;ksxnku fn;kA

18 fnlEcj,fMu ,p- vkeZLVªkax ve s fjdh vk fo"dkjd ,fMu gkoMZ vkeZLVªk ax dk tUe 18 fnlEcj 1890

dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus vkèkqfud jsfM;ks vkSj bysDVªkWfud ifjiFk dh LFkkiuk esa vÒwriwoZ ;ksxnku fn;kA

19 fnlEcj,-,- ekbdsYlu teZuh esa tUes vesfjdh oSKkfud vYcVZ vczkge ekbd sYlu dk tUe 19 fnlEcj 1852 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus çdkf’kd midj.kksa ij dke fd;k vkSj mudh lgk;rk ls LisDVªksLdksih dks fodflr fd;k ftlds tfj, mUgksaus çdk’k dh xfr dk lgh&lgh ekiu fd;k ftlds fy, mUgsa lu~ 1907 esa ÒkSfrdh dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA mYys[kuh; gS fd çdk’k dh xfr dks ekiuk ,d yacs le; rd igsyh jgk gSA

20 fnlEcj jkWcVZ tSfelu oSu Mh xzkQ vesfjdh ÒkSfrdhfon~ vkSj oSu Mh xzkQ tujsVj ds vkfo"dkjd jkWcVZ tSfelu oSu Mh xzkQ dk tUe 20 fnlEcj 1901 dks gqvk FkkA ;g ,d çdkj dk mPpoksYVst bysDVªksLVSfVd tujsVj gksrk gS tks ijek.kq vuqlaèkku esa d.k&Rojd ds :i esa Hkh bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA

20 fnlEcjFkkWel xzkge Ldk W fV’ k jlk;ufon ~ FkkWel xzkge dk tUe 20 fnlEcj 1805 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa dksykbM jlk;u dk tud ekuk tkrk gSA mUgksaus xSlksa ds folj.k dk vè;;u fd;k vkSj lu~ 1833 esa *xzkge dk fu;e* fn;kA blds vuqlkj fdlh xSl ds folj.k


dh nj mlds vkf.od Hkkj ds oxZewy ds çfryksekuqikrh gksrh gSA

21 fnlEcjgjeu tkst+Q ewyjvesfjdh vkuqokaf’kdhfon~ gjeu ewyj dk tUe 21 fnlEcj 1890 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa ,Dl&js fdj.ku }kjk mRifjorZu ds mRiknu ds fy, lu~ 1946 esa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

22 fnlEcj Jhfuokl jkekuqtu~ Òkjr ds egku xf.krK Jhfuokl v;axkj jkekuqtu~ dk tUe 22 fnlEcj 1887 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus vfrT;kferh; Üka[kyk rFkk la[;k fl)kar esa ikVÊ’ku QaD’ku dh fo’ks"krk,a [kkstÈA o"kZ 2012 tks fd muds tUe dk 125oka o"kZ Fkk] dks Òkjr ljdkj }kjk *jk"Vªh; xf.kr o"kZ* ds :i esa euk;k x;kA

22 fnlEcjdSfeyh XoSfju Ýkalhlh thok.kqfoKkuh dSfeyh XoSfju dk tUe 22 fnlEcj 1872 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus tkuysok {k;jksx ¼Vh-ch½ dk ch-lh-th- ¼cSflyl dSyesV XoSfju½ uked Vhdk [kkstkA mUgksaus ;g Vhdk] ekbdkscSDVhfj;e cksfol uked cSDVhfj;k ls çkIr fd;kA

24 fnlEcj fofy;e gsokMZ fidfjax bathfu;j vkSj ÒkSfrdhfon~ fofy;e gsokMZ fidfjax dk

tUe 24 fnlEcj 1910 dks gqvk FkkA os igys vesfjdh mixzg *,DlIyksjj&1* ds fuekZ.k ny ds vxqok FksA o"kZ 1930 esa bUgksaus usgj vkSj jkWcVZ fefydu ds lkFk varfL{k fdj.kksa ls lacafèkr ç;ksx esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA

24 fnlEcjtsEl çsLdkWV twy vaxzst+ ÒkSfrdhfon~ tsEl çsLdkWV twy dk tUe 24 fnlEcj 1818 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus crk;k fd ÅtkZ ds fofÒé :i] tSls ;kaf=d ÅtkZ] fo|qr ÅtkZ vkSj Å"ek] ;s lc ewyr% leku gSa vkSj bUgsa ,d ls nwljs esa :ikarfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 25 fnlEcjvkbt+Sd U;wVu vaxzst+ ÒkSfrdhfon~ vkSj xf.krK vkbt+Sd U;wVu dk tUe 25 fnlEcj 1642 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus foKku ds dbZ {ks=ksa esa egRoiw.kZ dke fd,A os lkoZdkfyd egku oSKkfud ekus tkrs gSaA mUgksaus çdkf’kdh esa crk;k fd ’osr çdk’k dks fçTe ds }kjk lkr jaxksa esa foÒkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mUgksaus xfr vkSj xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds lqçfl) fu;e fn,A 27 fnlEcj yqbZ ik'pj Ýkalhlh jlk;ufon~ yqbZ ik’pj dk tUe 27 fnlEcj 1822 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa lw{ethofoKku dk laLFkkid ekuk tkrk gSA mUgksaus rjy inkFkks± esa gkfudkjd cSDVhfj;k dks u"V djus ds fy, ,d fuf’pr rkieku rd xje djds

lqjf{kr j[kus dh fofèk [kksth ftls muds uke ij ik’pjhdj.k ¼ik’pjkbts’ku½ dgk tkrk gSA nwèk ds iSdsVksa ij fy[kk gqvk ^ik’pjkbTM feYd* bldk ,d mnkgj.k gSA 27 fnlEcj;ksgkUl dSIyj teZu [kxksyfon~ ;ksgkUl dSIyj dk tUe 27 fnlEcj 1571 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus xzgksa dh xfr ds rhu fu;e fn, ftUgsa dSIyj ds fu;e ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

28 fnlEcj vkFkZj LVsuyh ,fMaxVufczfV’k [kxksyfon~ vkFkZj LVsuyh ,fMaxVu dk tUe 28 fnlEcj 1882 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus rkjksa dh mRifŸk rFkk mudh xfr ij dke fd;kA mUgksaus vkbaLVkbu ds ^vkisf{kdrk ds lkekU; fl)kar* dh O;k[;k Òh dhA mUgksaus lu~ 1919 esa lw;Zxzg.k ds nkSjku lkfcr fd;k fd xq#Ro ds dkj.k çdk’k dh fdj.ksa vius ekxZ ls fopfyr gks tkrh gSaA 28 fnlEcjFkkWel gsaMjlu LdkWVySaM ds [kxksyfon~] igys LdkWfV’k *,sLVªksukWej jk W;y* ¼1834½ Fkk Wel gs aMjlu dk tUe 28 fnlEcj 1798 dks gqvk FkkA os fdlh rkjs dk iSjsysDl ekius okys igys oSKkfud FksA

30 fnlEcjtkWu ,u- cSºdkSy vesfjdh ÒkSfrdhfon~ tkWu


,u- cSºdkSy dk tUe 30 fnlEcj 1934 dks gqvk FkkA mUgksaus crk;k fd rkjksa ds pedus ds foKku dks U;wfVªuks ds tfj, le>k tk ldrk gSA xkSjryc gS fd U;wfVªuks voijekf.od mnklhu d.k gksrs gSa tks inkFkZ ds lkFk cgqr nqcZy varjfØ;k djrs gSa rFkk fdlh Òh oLrq] ;gka rd fd iFoh ds vkjikj csjksdVksd xqtj ldrs gSaA

31 fnlEcjokWu ,Q-vkj- tksUl U;wt+hySaM ds xf.krK okWu ÝsfMªd jSaMy tksUl dk tUe 31 fnlEcj 1952 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa QaD’kuy fo’ys"k.k ,oa ukWV fl)kar ds fy, lu~ 1990 esa QhYM esMy feykA lu~ 1984 esa bUgksaus okWu U;weSu vYtsczk vkSj T;kseSfVªd VksiksykWth esa ijLij lacaèk <wa<+kA

fu/ku

1 fnlEcjts-ch-,l- gkYMsu tkWu cMZu lSaMjlu gkYMsu fczVsu ds vkuqoaf’kdhfon~ Fk sA mUgk s au s tula[;k vkuqoaf’kdh vkSj fodkl ds vè;;u ds u, jkLrs [kksysA os yksdfç;foKku ds l’kDr ys[kd Fks vkSj mUgksaus tulkekU; ds fy, dbZ fdrkcsa fy[kÈA os lu~ 1957 esa Hkkjr vk, vkSj fQj Hkkjrh; ukxfjd cu x,A 1 fnlEcj 1964 dks gkYMsu dk fuèku gqvkA 4 fnlEcjFkkWel gUV ekWxZu vesfjdh vkuqoaf’kdhfon~ FkkWel ekxZu us QyeD[kh ij fd, vius ç;ksx ls

vkuqoaf’kdrk dk xq.klw= fl)kar çfrikfnr fd;kA vkuqoaf’kdrk es a xq.klw= dh Òwfedk ds fo"k; esa viuh [kkstksa ds fy, mUgsa lu~ 1933 esa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 4 fnlEcj 1945 dks ekWxZu dk fuèku gqvkA 4 fnlEcjtkWu fVaMy fczfV’k ÒkSfrdfon~ tkWu ÇVMy fØLVyk s a ij ’kksèkdk;Z ds fy, tkus tkrs gSaA mUgksaus crk;k fd vkleku uhyk D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mUgksaus nhfIreku Å"ek ij Òh dk;Z fd;kA ÇVMy dkQh çfl) O;k[;krk FksA 4 fnlEcj 1893 dks ÇVMy dk fuèku gqvkA

5 fnlEcjDys;j dSesju iSVjlu vesfjdh Òw&jlk;ufon~ Dys;j dSesju iSVjlu us lu~ 1953 esa i`Foh dh mez dk igyk iDdk vuqeku fn;k tks 4-55 vjc o"kZ gSA mUgksaus i`Foh ds lkFk mYdk ÇiMksa dh vk;q dk Òh irk yxk;kA 5 fnlEcj 1995 dks iSVjlu dk fuèku gqvkA 6 fnlEcjfudksyl tSdsl dkWUVsÝk al hlh vk fo "dkjd fudksyl tSdsl dkWUVs us xzsQkbV ds eghu ikmMj dks ckjhd fpduh feÍh ds lkFk ihldj isafly dh ysM cukus dk rjhdk [kkstkA 6 fnlEcj 1805 dks dkWUVs dk fuèku gqvkA

8 fnlEcjtkWtZ dS;ys vaxzst+ rduhdhfon~ tkWtZ dS;ys us lu~ 1853 esa igys lQy XykbMj dk fuekZ.k fd;k ftlesa fdlh balku us mM+ku ÒjhA mUgksaus blds fy, if{k;ksa dh mM+ku dk lajpukRed ,oa dk;kZRed vè;;u fd;kA 8 fnlEcj 1854 dks dS;ys dk fuèku gqvkA

10 fnlEcjvYÝsM ukscsy vYÝsM cjukMZ uk sc sy LohMu ds jlk;ufon~ FksA mUgksaus Mk;ukekbV dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA blls mUgsa cgqr vk; gqbZ ftldk cM+k fgLlk mUgksaus lekt rFkk foKku ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku djus ds fy, vfiZr fd;kA blh lafpr fufèk ds C;kt ls lu~ 1901 esa ukscsy iqjLdkjksa dh ’kq#vkr gqbZA 10 fnlEcj 1896 dks vYÝsM ukscsy dk fuèku gqvkA 11 fnlEcjfoUlsUV M~;w foXuSm vesfjdh tSolk;ufon~ foUlsUV M~;w foXuSm dks tSojklk;fud :i ls egRoiw.kZ lYQj ;kSfxdksa ij vè;;u djus rFkk [kkl djds igys ikWfyisIVkbM gkWekZsu ds la’ys"k.k ds fy, o"kZ 1955 esa jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 11 fnlEcj 1978 dks foXuSm dk fuèku gqvkA

12 fnlEcjMh- dkyZsVu xST;qlsd vesfjdh fpfdRld rFkk fo"kk.kqfoKkuh Mh- dkyZsVu


xST;qlsd dks cS#d ,l- CyecxZ ds lkFk lu~ 1976 esa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA mUgsa ;g lEeku laØked chekfj;ksa dh ’kq#vkr rFkk muds çlkj ds ckjs esa ubZ [kkst djus ds fy, feykA 12 fnlEcj 2008 dks xST;qlsd dk fuèku gqvkA

13 fnlEcjfoDVj fxzxukMZ ÝkaLok vkxLV foDVj fxzxukMZ Ýkalhlh jlk;ufon~ Fks ftUgsa fxzxukMZ fj,tsaV dh [kkst djus ds fy, ikWy lScs’;j ¼lw{erk ls fo?kfVr èkkrqvksa dh mifLFkfr esa dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa ds gkbMªksftus’ku ds rjhds ds fy,½ ds lkFk lu~ 1912 esa jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 13 fnlEcj 1935 dks fxzxukMZ dk fuèku gqvkA 13 fnlEcjfÝVt+ çsXy fÝVt+ çsXy vkWfLVª;k ds jlk;ufon~ FksA mUgsa dkcZfud inkFkk±s dh lw{e fo’ys"k.k fofèk ds vkfo"dkj ds fy, lu~ 1923 esa jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 13 fnlEcj 1930 dks çsXy dk fuèku gqvkA 15 fnlEcjoqYQxkax ikWyh vkWfLVª;k esa tUes vesfjdh oSKkfud oqYQxkax ikWyh us lu~ 1925 esa lqçfl) *ikWyh dk viotZu fl)kar* fn;k ftlds vuqlkj fdlh ijek.kq esa dksbZ Òh nks bysDVªkWu ijLij leku DokaVe voLFkk esa ugÈ jg ldrsA blds

fy, mUgsa lu~ 1945 esa ÒkSfrdh dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 15 fnlEcj 1958 dks ikWyh dk fuèku gqvkA 16 fnlEcjÝsMfjd tkWtZ MkWuu fc zV su ds jlk;ufon ~ ÝsMfjd tkWtZ MkWuu us dksykbM jlk;u foKku ds fodkl esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku fn;kA os lu~ 1911 esa [kksts x, MkWuu çÒko ds fy, tkus tkrs gSaA 16 fnlEcj 1956 dks MkWuu dk fuèku gqvkA

17 fnlEcj ykWMZ dsfYou ÒkSfrdhfon~] xf.krK rFkk bathfu;j ykWMZ dsfYou vius le; ds U;wVu le>s tkrs FksA mUgksaus èkjrh ds BaMk gksus ¼’khryu½ dh nj ds vkèkkj ij mldh vk;q Kkr djus dk ç;kl fd;k FkkA mudk cpiu dk uke fofy;e FkkWelu Fkk] ckn esa mUgksaus dsfYou unh dk uke viuk fy;kA 17 fnlEcj 1907 dks dsfYou dk fuèku gqvkA 17 fnlEcjfoDVj ÝSUt+ gsl foDVj ÝSUt gsl vkWfLVª;k esa tUes ÒkSfrdhfon~ Fks ftUgsa vesfjdk ds dkyZ Mh- ,aMjlu ¼ikWft+VªkWu d.k dh [kkst djus ds fy,½ ds lkFk varfj{k fdj.kksa] cká varfj{k ds mPpÅtkZ fofdj.k dk irk yxkus ds fy, lu~ 1936 esa ÒkSfrdh dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 17 fnlEcj 1964 dks gsl dk fuèku gqvkA

18 fnlEcjfjpMZ vksosu vaxzst+ iqjktarqfoKkuh fjpMZ vksosu thok’e tarqvksa ds vè;;u ds fy, tkus tkrs gSaA mUgksaus Mk;uklksj ’kCn fn;k ftldk ’kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS&*Ò;kud fNidyh*A 18 fnlEcj 1892 dks vksosu dk fuèku gqvkA

19 fnlEcjgcZVZ pkYlZ czkmuvaxzst+ vesfjdh jlk;ufon~ gcZVZ pkYlZ czkmu us vksxSZukscksjsu ¼cksjkWu] dkcZu vkSj gkbMªkstu ds ;kSfxd½ dk fodkl fd;kA mUgksaus la’ysf"kr dkcZfud jlk;u esa dbZ ubZ rduhdsa çnku dhaA bl miyfCèk ds fy, mUgsa lu~ 1979 esa tkWtZ fofVx ds lkFk jlk;u foKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 19 fnlEcj 2004 dks czkmu dk fuèku gqvkA

19 fnlEcjjkWcVZ ,sfUMªOl fefydu vesfjdh ÒkSfrdhfon~ jkWcVZ , sfUM ªOl fefydu dk s fo|qr ds çkjafÒd vkos’k rFkk çdk’k fo|qr çHkko ij dke djus ds fy, lu~ 1923 esa ÒkSfrdh dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA mUgsa muds e’kgwj rsy cwan ç;ksx ¼vkWWby MªkWi bDlisfjesaV½ ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA 19 fnlEcj 1953 dks fefydu dk fuèku gqvkA

21 fnlEcj tsEl ikfdZUlu vaxzst+ fpfdRld tsEl ikfdZUlu us ,d [kkl


raf=dkis’kh; chekjh ds ckjs esa crk;k ftls vkt ikÆdUlu jksx ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA 21 fnlEcj 1824 dks ikfdZUlu dk fuèku gqvkA

22 fnlEcjfofy;e gkbM oksySLVuvaxzst+ oSKkfud fofy;e gkbM oksySLVu us IySfVue ds v;Ld ij dke djrs gq, lu~ 1803 esa iSysfM;e rFkk lu~ 1804 esa jksfM;e uked rRoksa dh [kkst dhA 21 fnlEcj 1828 dks oksySLVu dk fuèku gqvkA

25 fnlEcjvksV~Vks yksoh teZuh esa tUes vesfjdh fpfdRld vkSj Òs"kt& foKkuh vksV~Vks yksoh dk raf=dk Lian ds jklk;fud lapj.k ls lacafèkr [kkstksa ds fy, lj gsujh Msy ds lkFk lu~ 1936 esa ’kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;kA 25 fnlEcj 1961 dks yksoh dk fuèku gqvkA

28 fnlEcj tksgkusl jkWcVZ fjMcxZ LohMu ds ÒkSfrdhfon~ tksgkusl jkWcVZ fjMcxZ dks lu~ 1890 esa fdlh rRo dh LisDVªeh js[kkvksa ds rjax la[;kvksa ls lacafèkr bEihfjdy lw= esa fjMcxZ fLFkjkad fn;kA mUgksaus lq>k;k fd rRoksa dks Øeokj <ax ls j[kus ds fy, muds ijek.kq Òkj dh cfuLcr ijek.kq Øekad csgrj rjhdk gks ldrk gSA 28 fnlEcj 1919 dks fjMcxZ dk fuèku gqvkA

29 fnlEcjÝsfMªd ¶;wyj jlsy vesfjdh oSKkfud ÝsfMªd ¶;wyj jlsy us Vk;QkbM cq[kkj ds fy, igyh lQy oSDlhu dk fodkl fd;kA 29 fnlEcj 1960 dks jlsy dk fuèku gqvkA

31 fnlEcjjkWcVZ ckW;y jkWcVZ ckW;y ,saXyks&vk;fj’k jlk;ufon~ Fks tks xSl dh fo’ks"krkvksa ij ç;ksx dh igy djus ds fy, tkus tkrs gSaA mUgksaus xSl ds xq.kksa ij vius fu;e fn,A os yanu dh jkW;y lkslkbVh ds laLFkkid lnL;ksa esa FksA 31 fnlEcj 1691 dks ckW;y dk fuèku gqvkA

[kkst@miyfC/k;ka@vkfo"dkj

1 fnlEcjlu~ 1959 esa vesfjdk ds ¶yksfjMk fLFkr dsi dSusosjy ls ç{ksfir felkby dh ufldk esa fQV fd, x, dSejs ls cká varfj{k ls igyh ckj èkjrh dk jaxhu QksVksxzkQ fy;k x;kA

3 fnlEcjlu~ 1984 esa Òksiky ’kgj esa vk/kh jkr dks ;wfu;u dkckZbM dh dhVuk’kd QSDVªh ls 40 Vu ls vf/kd t+gjhyh feFkkby vkblkslk;usV xSl ds fjlko ls gt+kjksa yksxksa dh tkusa xbZa] vkSj yk[kksa yksx çÒkfor gq,A

4 fnlEcjlu~ 1894 esa tkWtZ ikdZj ds uke QkmaVsu isu ds vkfo"dkj ds fy, isVsaV tkjh fd;k x;kA

o"kZ 1973 esa varfj{k;ku ik;ksfu;j&10] c`gLifr xzg ij igqapkA

6 fnlEcjo"kZ 1945 esa ekbØksoso vou dk isVsaV djk;k x;kA

FkkWel vYok ,Mhlu us igyh ckj èofu dh fjdkÉMx dk çn’kZu fd;kA

7 fnlEcj lu~ 1889 esa LdkWVySaM ds ,d vkfo"dkjd tkWu ckW;M Muyi dks ok;oh; Vk;j ds fuekZ.k ds fy, isVsaV tkjh fd;k x;kA

lu~ 1926 esa xSl&pkfyr ?kjsyw jsfÝtjsVj ds fy, bysDVªksyDl loZy dkWikZsjs’ku dks isVsaV tkjh fd;k x;kA

9 fnlEcjo"kZ 1884 esa ckWy fc;fjax jksyj LdsV~l ds fy, igyk isVsaV fjpMZlu LdsV~l dEiuh ds ysosUV ,e- fjpMZlu ds uke tkjh fd;k x;kA

lu~ 1968 esa dEI;wVj ekml dk igyk çn’kZu fd;k x;kA

10 fnlEcjlu~ 1901 esa ukscsy iqjLdkj fn, tkus dh ’kq#vkr gqbZA

o"kZ 1984 esa igyh ckj lkSjeaMy ds ckgj fdlh xzg dh [kkst gqbZA

11 fnlEcjlu~ 1997 esa tkiku ds ’kgj D;ksVks esa nqfu;k ds 150 ns’kksa us ^Xykscy okÉex* dh jksdFkke ds fy, xzhugkml xSlksa ds fu;a=.k ij jtkeanh trkbZA bls D;ksVks çksVksdksy ds uke ls tkurs gSaA

lu~ 1911 esa ekWjh D;wjh dks nwljh ckj ukscsy iqjLdkj feykA bl rjg os nks ckj ukscsy iqjLdkj ikus okyh nqfu;k dh igyh oSKkfud cuÈA


12 fnlEcjlu~ 1955 esa fØLVksQj dkWdsjsy us gksojØk¶V ds fy, igyk isVsaV nk;j fd;kA

lu~ 1896 esa xqfXy,Yeks ek3dkZsuh us yanu ds VkW;uch gkWy esa viuk jsfM;ks midj.k çnÆ’kr fd;kA

14 fnlEcj lu~ 1967 esa igyh ckj thooSKkfud :i ls lfØ; Mh,u, ds la’ys"k.k dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZA

lu~ 1798 esa uV vkSj cksYV e’khu ds fy, mlds vkfo"dkjd jksM vkbySaM ds MsfoM fofYdUlu dks isVsaV çkIr gqvkA

15 fnlEcjlu~ 1939 esa gkst+jh fey esa diM+ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, uk;ykWu ds èkkxs cuk, x,A

16 fnlEcjlu~ 1962 esa ekSle dk vè;;u djus okyk igyk mixzg vesfjdk ds dsi dSuosjy varfj{k dsaæ ls NksM+k x;kA

17 fnlEcjlu~ 1895 esa isij V~okbu e’khu ds fy, mlds vfo"dkjd tkWtZ ,y- czkmusy dks isVsaV çkIr gqvkA

18 fnlEcjo"kZ 1926 esa *uspj* if=dk esa ,d ys[k esa th-,u- Y;wbl us *QksVkWu* ’kCn çfrikfnr fd;k ftldks mUgksaus çdk’k ds d.k ds :i esa ifjÒkf"kr fd;kA

19 fnlEcjlu~ 1958 esa cká varfj{k ls igyh ckj jsfM;ks çlkj.k gqvkA ;g çlkj.k èkjrh dh ifjØek dj jgs mixzg ^çkstsDV Ldksj* ls fd;k x;k FkkA

o"kZ 1910 esa js;kWu /kkxs dk igyh ckj O;kolkf;d :i ls vesfjdk esa vesfjdu foLdksl daiuh us mRiknu ’kq: fd;kA

20 fnlEcjlu~ 1907 esa igyh ckj fdlh vesfjdh oSKkfud&vYcVZ ekbdsYlu dks ukscsy iqjLdkj feykA

22 fnlEcjlu~ 1666 esa fdaXl ykbczsjh esa lkr xf.krKksa rFkk lkr ÒkSfrdhfonksa }kjk feydj Ýsap ,dsMeh vkQ lkbal dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA

23 fnlEcjlu~ 1672 esa fx;ksokuh dSfluh us ’kfu ds paæek jh;k dh [kkst dhA

lu~ 1954 esa cksLVu esa ihVj csaV vLirky esa igyh ckj xqnsZ dk lQy çR;kjksi.k fd;k x;kA

24 fnlEcjÝhiksVZ ds MSfu;y LVksoj ,oa fofy;e gSUl us 1889 esa cSd&iSMy czsd ds lkFk ,d ckbflfdy ds fy, isVsaV çkIr fd;kA

25 fnlEcjo"kZ 1741 esa [kxksyfon~ ,aMlZ lsfYl;l ¼1701&44½ us rkieku iSekus dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA

lu~ 1914 esa tSojlk;ufon~ ,MoMZ lh- dSaMy us igyh ckj FkkbjkWbM xzafFk ds gkekZsu] FkkbjkWfDlu dk fØLVyhdj.k fd;kA

27 fnlEcjlu~ 1831 esa pkYlZ MkfoZu us fczfV’k usoh f’ki] ,p,e,l chxy ij viuh oSKkfud ;k=k ’kq: dhA

28 fnlEcj lu~ 1869 esa vesfjdk ds vksgk;ks ds fofy;e fQuys lsEiy dks P;wbax xe ds fy, isVsaV gkfly gqvkA 29 fnlEcjo"kZ 1987 esa :lh varfj{k;k=h ;wjh jkseSusUdks us fjdkWMZ 326 fnuksa dh varfj{k ;k=k iwjh dh rFkk lks;wt+ varfj{k;ku ls dt+kfdLrku esa cQZ ls <ds ,d LFkku ij mrjsA

30 fnlEcjo"kZ 1913 esa MkW- fofy;e MsfoM dwfyt us ySai ds rarq ¼fQykesaV½ ds fy, e`nq VaXlVsu cukus dk rjhdk isVsaV djk;kA

31 fnlEcj

lu~ 1879 esa U;wtlÊ ds esuyks ikdZ esa FkkWel vYok ,Mhlu us igyh ckj vius fo|qr ySai dks çnÆ’kr fd;kA

¼iqujh{k.k % MkW- lqcksèk egarh½

MkW- Ñ".k dqekj feJ] vlksf'k,V çksQslj] gkseh HkkHkk foKku f'k{kk dsanz] VkVk ewyHkwr vuqla/kku laLFkku] oh-,u- iqjo ekxZ] eqacbZ&400088bZ&esy % [email protected]


ckSf)d laink dh ckrsa

vkS|ksfxd fMT+kkbu ¼Hkkx&5½

# enu eksgu flag dkdhZ

Hkkjr es a vkS|ksfxd ¼baMfLVª;y½ fMt+kbu vfèkdkj ç.kkyh (Industrial Design Rights System) dk vuq'kklu ,oa çca/ku dSls gksrk gS\ Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu vf/kfu;e ¼,DV½ D;k gS\

egkfu;a=d] isVsaV] fMtkbu vkSj Vª sMekdZ ¼daVªk syj tujy isVs aV~l] fMtkbUl ,aM VªsMekDlZ&lh-th-ih-Mh-Vh-,e-½ dk dk;kZy; vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu ç.kkyh rFkk vkS|ksfxd vfèkfu;e ¼,DV½ dk vuq’kklu vkSj çcaèku djrk gSA

lh-th-ih-Mh-Vh-,e- dk ;g dk;kZy; Òkjr ljdkj ds m|ksx ,oa okf.kT; ea=ky; ds vk S|k s fxd uhfr ,oa laoèkZu foHkkx ¼baMfLVª;y ikWfylh ,aM çeks’ku fMikVZesaV&Mh-bZ-ih-ih-½ ds varxZr dk;Z djrk gSA Mh-bZ-ih-ih- bl ç.kkyh rFkk vfèkfu;e dks fu;af=r djrk gSA vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu lacaèkh uhfr;ksa dks cukuk rFkk mudks ykxw djuk Mh-bZ-ih-ih- ds dk;Z{ks= esa gSA lh-th-ih-Mh-Vh-,e- dk;kZy; ds ikap ç’kklfud foÒkx gSa] vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu dk;kZy; ftuesa ls ,d gSA Òkjr dk fMt+kbu dk;kZy; isVs aV dk;kZy; dksydkrk ¼isVsaV eq[;ky;½ esa fLFkr gSA vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu dk;kZy; dks isVsaV eq[;ky; dk baMfLVª;y fMt+kbu foax ;k dsoy fMtkbu foax Òh dgrs gSaA isVsaV dk;kZy; dks baVsysDpqvy çkWiVÊ dk;kZy; Òh dgrs gSaA vkS|ksfxd fMtkbuksa dk iathdj.k dksydkrk fLFkr vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu dk;kZy; djrk gSA lh-th-ih-Mh-Vh-,e- fMtkbu fu;a=d

¼daVªksyj½ dk Òh dk;Z djrk gS] ;g fMtkbu foax ds dk;ks± dh Òh ns[k&js[k djrk gSA

vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu dk;kZy; % vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu ds lacaèk esa vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu dk;kZy; dk dk;Z fMt+kbu iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu çkIr djuk rFkk mu vkosnuksa ds fo"k; esa ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd fdls iathdj.k ds fy, LohÑr fd;k tk, vkSj fdls ugÈA blds vfrfjDr fMt+kbu dk;kZy; dk dk;Z uohdj.k (renewal) ds fy, çkIr vkosnuksa dk fuiVkjk djuk gksrk gSA dqN ns’kksa] tSls vesfjdk ;k phu esa] fMt+kbu ij Òh isVsaV nsus dh çFkk gS] ysfdu bu ns’kksa esa Òh fMt+kbu vkosnu ds lalkèku dh çfØ;k yxÒx leku gksrh gSA

dksbZ Òh O;fDr vius fMt+kbu ds iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu fMt+kbu foax] baVsysDpqvy çkWiVÊ vkWfQl] lhih&2] lsDVj&V] lkWYV ysd] dksydkrk esa ;k fnYyh] eqEcbZ] pSébZ ds fdlh Òh isVsaV dk;kZy; dh 'kk[kk esa ns ldrk gSA isVsaV dk;kZy; dh 'kk[kkvksa esa çkIr vkosnuksa dks Òh lalkèku vkfn ds fy, eq[;ky; gh Òstk tkrk gSA

vk S|k s fxd fMt+kbu dku wu % vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu dkuwu esa lfEefyr gSa fMt+kbu vfèkfu;e ¼fMt+kbu ,DV½] fMt+kbu fu;ekoyh ¼fMtkbu :Yl½] fn’kk ,oa ekxZn’kZu tks fMtkbuksa ds fy, r; djrs gSa dkuwuh vfèkdkj] drZO; ,oa çfØ;k,a (procedures)A fMt+kbu vfèkfu;e rFkk fMtkbu fu;ekoyh fMt+kbu dkuwu dks fu;af=r djrs gSaA fMt+kbu dkuwu dk vko’;d ç;kstu gS vkS|ksfxd mRiknuksa ls lacafèkr fMt+kbu rRoksa dks c<+kok nsuk rFkk mudh lqj{kk djukA m|ksxksa esa uohu xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+kok nsuk Òh bldk mís’; gksrk gSA gj ns’k dk viuk fMt+kbu dkuwu] fMt+kbu iathdj.k ç.kkyh rFkk çfØ;k,a gksrh gSaA dqN ns’kksa esa la;qDr fMt+kbu ç.kkyh] la;qDr fMtkbu dkuwu] iathdj.k ç.kkyh ,oa çfØ;k,a gSaA fVªIl le>kSrs esa vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu ds laj{k.k ds fy, U;wure ekudksa (minimum standards) dk çkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA Òkjr us igys gh vius jk"Vªh; fMt+kbu dkuwuksa esa bu U;wure ekudksa dks lfEefyr dj fy;k gSA Òkjr us vkS|ksfxd fMtkbu dkuwu {ks= esa ifjiDo fLFkfr çkIr


dj yh gS rFkk vkÆFkd oS'ohdj.k ds n`f"Vdks.k ls orZeku dkuwu us cnyrs gq, rduhdh vkSj O;kolkf;d ifjn`’; ds lkFk vius dks Js.khc) dj fy;k gSA Òkjr dk orZeku fMt+kbu dkuwu iwjh rjg varjkZ"Vªh; çofŸk;ksa (pattern) ds vuq:i gSA

fMt+kbu vf/kfu;e % fMtkbu vfèkfu;e dk mís’; fdlh [kkl vkS|ksfxd fof/k ls fufeZr oLrq ij mi;ksx djus ds fy, cuk, x, uohu fMtkbu dh lqj{kk djuk gSA Òkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fMtkbu dks d+kuwuh lqj{kk çnku djus dk cgqr iqjkuk bfrgkl gSA vktknh ds le; vaxzstksa ds le; dk fMt+kbu dkuwu py jgk Fkk ftls isVsaV~l ,aM fMt+kbUl ,DV] 1911 ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA lu~ 1970 esa isVsaV~l ,DV ;kuh vfèkfu;e cukA bl vfèkfu;e ds ykxw gksus ls 1911 ds vfèkfu;e esa la’kksèku djus dh vko’;drk iM+hA bl la’kksfèkr vfèkfu;e dk uke fMt+kbUl ,DV] 1911 j[kk x;kA oS'ohdj.k ds pyrs rduhdh ,oa O;kikfjd xfrfofèk;ksa

esa cnyko vkus ds rgr rFkk fVªIl le>kSrs esa fufgr varjkZ"Vªh; nkf;Roksa ds en~nsutj Òkjr dks Òh vU; fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;w-Vh-vks-½ lnL; ns’kksa ds lkFk vius ckSf)d laink dkuwuksa esa la’kksèku djus dh vko’;drk iM+hA fVªIl le>kSrs ds U;wure ekudksa (minimum standards) dks la’kksf/kr vfèkfu;e esa lfEefyr dj lu~ 2000 esa ,d u;k fMtkbu ,DV yk;k x;kA Òkjr ds bl fMt+kbUl ,DV] 2000 dks lkoZtfud :i ls vfèklwfpr 26 ebZ 2001 dks fd;k x;kA 11 ebZ 2001 ls bl vfèkfu;e ds çkoèkku çÒko esa vk,A bl vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj] fMt+kbu y{; djrk gS ,d ifj"—r mRikn (finished product) ds vkdkj dh fo’ks"krkvksa (features of shape) dks] foU;kl (configuration) dks] iSVuZ ;k ltkoV (ornamentation) dks ftuds fo"k; esa vka[k }kjk fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk gSA fofufeZr mRiknks a (manufactured products) d s n`f"V vkHkkl (visual appearance) dks lqjf{kr djus ds fy, fMt+kbu

iathdj.k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,d iath—r fMt+kbu foi.ku c<+r gkfly djus gsrq mRikn dks fMt+kbu dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, ,d d+kuwuh vfèkdkj nsrk gSA ;g fcuk Lokeh dh Loh—fr ds nwljksa }kjk fMt+kbu ds bLrseky dks jksdrk Òh gSA fMt+kbu iathdj.k dh vofèk 10 lky gksrh gS ftls 5 lky ds fy, uohdj.k }kjk vkSj c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA çfrLFkkiu vfèkfu;e (replacement Act) dk y{; fMtkbuksa ds ,d foLr`r oxÊdj.k dks ykxw djuk Òh gS tks varjkZ"Vªh; ç.kkyh ds vuq:i gks rFkk fofÒé {ks=ksa esa fMtkbu ls lacafèkr xfrfof/k;ks a es a çlkj dh ns[kÒky djsA fMtkbUl ,DV] 2000 ds varxZr iathÑr fMt+kbuksa ds fy, yksdkukZs oxÊdj.k dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS ftl esa 1&31oxZ gSaA vU; lc phtsa (articles) ds fy, tks 1&31 oxks± esa lfEefyr ugÈ gSa] ,d vfrfjDr oxZ lekfo"V fd;k x;k gS] ftls oxZ 99 dgrs gSaA Òkjr dk orZeku vkS|ksfxd fMt+kbu dkuwu fMtkbUl ,DV] 2000 esa fufgr gSA ;g vk’kk dh tkrh gS fd rsth ls cnyrs gq, çkS|ksfxd rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; ?kVukØe esa ;g vfèkfu;e vius mn~ns’; dh iwÆr djsxkA

fMt+kbu fu;ekoyh % bl le; fMt+kbUl ,DV] 2000 fMt+kbUl :Yl] 2001 ds lkFk fey dj Òkjr ds fMtkbu dkuwu dks vuq’kkflr djrk gSA Òkjr ds fMt+kbUl vfèkfu;e esa fufgr vfèkdkjksa ds varxZr dsaæ ljdkj us fMtkbu :Yl cuk, gSaA bl çdkj cuh fu;ekoyh dk uke fMt+kbUl :Yl] 2001 j[kk x;k g SA ;g fu;ekoyh vfèkfu;e esa ç;ksx fd, x, rduhdh 'kCnksa dks ifjÒkf"kr djrh gSA

^vkfo"dkj* dk ;g vad vkidks dSlk yxk\ fdl ys[k fo'ks"k us vkidks izHkkfor fd;k

bl vad esa vkidks D;k v[kjk\ ^vkfo"dkj* ls vkidks D;k vis{kk,a gSa\

;s dqN ,sls iz'u gSa ftuds ckjs esa ;fn vkids lq>ko feyrs gSa rks ^vkfo"dkj* dks vkidh

vk'kk&vis{kkvksa ds vuq:i <kyrs jgus esa gesa enn feysxhA

vkidh jpukRed fVIif.k;ksa vkSj fopkjksa dk Lokxr gSA # laiknd


vkosnu Q+kby djus dh çfØ;k crkrh gS] vkosnu ds fujh{k.k] iathdj.k dh fofèk ij çdk’k Mkyrh gS] Q+hl] QkWeZ rFkk vko’;d nLrkostksa dh tkudkjh nsrh gS] oLrqvksa ds oxÊdj.k dh fof/k rFkk fMtkbu dk;kZy; dh lsokvksa vkfn dh tkudkjh nsrh gSA le; ds lkFk bu fu;eksa dks la’kksf/kr djus dh vko’;drk iM+hA ;s la’kksèku twu 2008 ls ykxw fd, x,A Òkjr ds fMtkbUl :Yl] 2001] tks lu~ 2008 esa la’kksfèkr fd, x,] es a fuEu fo’ks"krk,a gS a % ¼1½ ljdkjh xtV esa vfèklwfpr djus ds ctk, isVsaV dk;kZy; ds tuZy esa vfèklwfpr djuk] ¼2½ jn~n djus

dh çfØ;k esa le; lhek de djuk] ¼3½ b Z&esy rFkk QSDl dks nLrkost dh rjg çkIr djus dk çkoèkku] ¼4½ fMtkbu ds iathdj.k çek.k i= ds fy, ikapoha vuqlwph ¼'ksM~;wy½ dh 'kq#vkr djuk] ¼5½ fMtkbu dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, laoSèkkfud le; lhek vf/kdre rhu eghus dj nh xbZ gS] QkWeZ 18 }kjk Q+kby djus ij bls 6 eghus ls vfèkd vofèk rd c<+k;k tk ldrk gS] ¼6½ bysDVªkWfud QkbÇyx rFkk bysDVªk Wfud Hkqxrku dk çko/kku] ¼7½ çfr:i (representation of article) dEI;wVj xzkfQd ds :i esa Q+kby fd, tk ldrs gSa] ¼8½ fMftVy

gLrk{kjks a dk çkoèkku 'kq: djuk] ¼9½ yksdkukZs oxÊdj.k ds u, laLdj.k ¼lkrosa laLdj.k½ ds vuqlkj rhljh vuqlwph esa la’kksf/kr oxÊdj.k dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA lu~ 2008 esa la’kksfèkr fu;ekoyh dks fMt+kbUl ¼la’kksfèkr½ :Yl] 2008 dgrs gSaA

fMtkbu fu;eksa dk ,d ckj fQj la’kksèku gqvk gS] la’kksfèkr fu;e 30 fnlEcj 2014 ls ykxw gq,A budks fMt+kbUl ¼vesaMesaV½ :Yl] 2014 uke fn;k x;kA QkWeZ rFkk Qhl esa la’kks/ku djus ds vfrfjDr lcls eq[; la’kksèku ;g gS fd igys ls miyCèk vkosnd ds nks oxks± ^uSpqjy ilZu* rFkk ^vnj nu uSpqjy ilZu* esa ls nwljs oxZ dks fQj ls nks oxks± esa ckaVukA ;s nks oxZ gSa % ^Leky ,afVfV* rFkk ^vnj nu LekWy ,afVfV*A bldk eq[; mn~ns'; NksVs m|fe;ksa dks vf/kd fMtkbu vkosnu Q+kby djus ds fy, çksér rFkk çksRlkfgr djuk gS rkfd blls Òkjr esa ckSf)d laink dks çksRlkgu fey ldsA

enu eksgu flag dkdhZ ¼iwoZ laiknd] ^tuZy vkWQ baVsysDpqvy çkWiVhZ jkbV~l*] fuLds;j] lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj-½] 23&Mh] ,l-,Q-,l- ¶ySV~l] ikWdsV&,] e;wj fogkj] Qsl&3] fnYyh&110096 bZ&esy % [email protected]


Hkkjr esa vkbZ Vh m|ksx dh

fodkl ;k=k Hkkjr esa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ;kuh

vkbZ Vh m|ksx ds fodkl ,oa bldh lQyrk dh dgkuh dks lu~ 1991 esa 'kq: gqbZ vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k ds nkSj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA ysfdu bl fn'kk esa 'kq#vkr cgqr igys] vxLr 1947 esa iwokZ) Lora=rk çkfIr ls Hkh igys gks xbZ FkhA njvly chloha lnh ds Hkkjr esa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds fodkl dh uhao iM+ pqdh FkhA ;g tkudkjh fnus'k lh- 'kekZ] tks fiNys rhu n'kdksa ls foKku i=dkfjrk ds {ks= esa lfØ; gSa rFkk ftUgksaus foKku uhfr ls tqM+s elyksa ij vusd iqLrdsa fy[kh gSa] us viuh l| çdkf'kr iqLrd n vkmVlkslZj n LVksjh vkWQ bafM;u vkbZ Vh jsoksY;w'ku* ij ifjppkZ ds volj ij nhA bl iqLrd dks ,e vkbZ Vh çsl] vesfjdk us çdkf'kr fd;k gSA ;g ifjppkZ 15 vDrwcj 2015 dks ubZ fnYyh ds bafM;k baVjus'kuy lsaVj ds lHkkxkj esa vk;ksftr dh xbZA

ÞiqLrd ifjppkZÞ esa vkbZ Vh {ks= rFkk yksdfç; foKku ys[ku ls tqM+s vusd i=dkj] fo'ks"kK rFkk foKku ys[kd vkfn mifLFkr FksA iqLrd ifjppkZ esa Hkkx ysus okys fo'ks"kK Fks % ,p Vh lh ds laLFkkid vt; pkSèkjh] lsaVj QkWj fMoysiesaV vkWQ VsyhesfVDl ¼lh&MkWV½ ds dk;Zdkjh funs'kd fofiu R;kxh] VsyhdkWe ijke'kZnkrk egs'k mRiy rFkk bafM;k VqMs lewg ds xzqi ,fMVksfj;y MkbjsDVj jkt psuxIik] ftUgksaus ifjppkZ dk lapkyu fd;kA

ifjppkZ esa vkbZ Vh {ks= esa Hkkjr ds ;ksxnku ij bl iqLrd ds lanHkZ esa çdk'k Mkyk x;kA vkbZ Vh ds {ks= esa Hkkjr dh Økafr ds blh ;k=k dks fnus'k lh- 'kekZ dh bl iqLrd esa flyflysokj of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA igys bldh laf{kIr tkudkjh tks ifjppkZ esa mBk, x, fcanqvksa dks le>kus esa ennxkj gksxhA

mYys[kuh; gS fd fczfV'k 'kklu dky ds nkSjku ih-lh- egkyuksfcl Hkkjrh; lkaf[;dh laLFkku ¼vkbZ-,l-vkbZ-½ rFkk gkseh tgkaxhj HkkHkk VkVk ewyHkwr vuqlaèkku laLFkku ¼Vh-vkbZ-,Q-vkj-½ dks dEI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh ds dsanzksa ds :i esa ykus dk ç;kl dj jgs FksA

Hkkjrh; lkaf[;dh laLFkku esa dke djus okys bathfu;jksa dks vkèkqfud dEI;wVj dh dk;Zç.kkyh ds ckjs esa O;kogkfjd tkudkjh nsus ds fy, lu~ 1934 esa bl laLFkku esa fczfV'k VscqysfVax e'khu daiuh }kjk fufeZr dEI;wVj yk;k x;kA ;g Hkkjr dk gh ugha cfYd ,f'k;k dk igyk MsVk çkslksflax dEI;wVj FkkA

Lora=rk çkfIr ds ckn lu~ 1958 esa ,d iw.kZ :i ls Lopkfyr ¼vkWVksesfVd½ fMftVy dEI;wVj] tks xf.krh; leL;kvksa dks gy djus esa l{ke Fkk] rRdkyhu lksfo;r la?k ls Hkkjr yk;k x;kA bl dEI;wVj dk uke ;wjky FkkA

bl chp Vh-vkbZ-,Q-vkj- esa dk;Zjr vuqlaèkkudrkZvksa us ,d ,sls vuq:i ;kuh ,uykWx dEI;wVj ij dk;Z djuk vkjaHk fd;k Fkk tks ukfHkdh; vfHkØ;kvksa ds fy, ç;qDr gksus okyh fu;a=d ç.kkfy;ksa ¼daVªksy flLVEl½ ls lacafèkr cM+h&cM+h tfVy xf.krh; leL;kvksa dks gy djus esa l{ke FkkA

lu~ 1961 esa çks- ,e-th-ds- eSuu] tks Vh-vkbZ-,Q- esa HkkSfrdh lewg ds çeq[k FksA us vesfjdk tkdj vkbZ ch ,oa ;wfuosd uked daifu;ksa dk nkSjk fd;k rkfd ,d mUur dEI;wVj ds Ø; ls tqM+h laHkkoukvksa ij fopkj fd;k tk ldsA ysfdu pwafd dsoy ,d gh O;kolkf;d dEI;wVj dks Ø; fd;k tkuk laHko Fkk egkyuksfcl vkSj HkkHkk ds chp bl ckr dks ysdj ,d fdLe dh çfrLi)kZ [kM+h gks xbZ fd dEI;wVj dks dgka yxk;k tk,A ysfdu varr% thr HkkHkk dh gqbZ vkSj bl çdkj Vh-vkbZ-,Q-vkj- jk"Vªh; dEI;wVj dsanz cu x;kA

mYys[kuh; gS fd 1960 ds n'kd esa fudksyl esVªksiksfyl] ukWcZVZ okbuj rFkk gSjh gLdh tSls vesfjdh dEI;wVj fo'ks"kKksa us Hkkjrh; dEI;wVfjax ifjn`'; esa viuk egrh ;ksxnku fn;kA mudk ;ksxnku çR;{k ,oa ijks{k nksuks gh :iksa esa FkkA blds vykok vusd fons'kh oSKkfudksa] ftuesa dbZ ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk oSKkfud Hkh 'kkfey Fks] dks Hkkjr esa dEI;wVj fo"k;d O;k[;ku nsus ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk FkkA Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku ¼vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-½] dkuiqj esa rks ,sls O;k[;ku Hkkjrh; vesfjdh ¼baMks&vesfjdu½ dk;ZØe ds varxZr vk;ksftr fd, tkrs FksA Vh-vkbZ-,Q-vkj- dh rjg vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-] dkuiqj esa Hkh dEI;wVj dsanz [kqykA dEI;wVj ds ç;ksx lacaèkh tkx:drk ykus rFkk lkW¶Vos;j dks fy[ks tkus dk dkS'ky ¼lkW¶Vos;j jkbfVax fLdy½ mRiUu djus esa bu nksuksa dEI;wVj dsanzksa dh cM+h egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk FkhA

lu ~ 1967 e s a by sDV ª k W fuDl dkjiksjs'ku vkWQ bafM;k fyfeVsM ¼bZ-lh-vkbZ-,y-½] gSnjkckn dh LFkkiuk gqbZA fofiu R;kxh us bZ-lh-vkbZ-,y- dh

lekpkfjdh


Hkwfedk dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, dgk fd lkW¶Vos;j fMtkbu dkS'ky ds fodkl esa bZlhvkbZ,y rFkk vU; daifu;ksa dh fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk jghA vt; pkSèkjh us vkbZ Vh m|ksx dks Qyus Qwyus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk ,d vuqdwy uhfr ifjos'k mRiUu djus dh Hkwfedk dks js[kkafdr djus ds lkFk&lkFk dgk fd blesa Hkkjrh; dEI;wVj bathfu;jksa dh m|ferk dk Hkh egrh ;ksxnku FkkA

ifjppkZ esa Hkkx ysus okys fo'ks"kKksa us Hkkjrh; ifjn'; esa vkbZ-ch-,e- dh Hkwfedk dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;kA ifjppkZ }kjk iqLrd esa mYysf[kr ;g ckr Hkh lkeus vkbZ fd 1970 ds n'kd esa flLVe bathfu;fjax] çksxzkfeax ,aM esUVsusUl* ds {ks= esa n{k dEI;wVj O;kolkf;dksa dks rS;kj djus esa vkbZ-ch-,e- dh egrh Hkwfedk jghA

1980 ds n'kd dk nkSj bl ek;us esa egRoiw.kZ Fkk fd dEI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh] ftls igys dsoy oSKkfudksa ds }kjk ç;ksx fd, tkus rd gh lhfer ekuk tkrk Fkk] dks vke mi;ksDrkvksa ds fy, miyCèk djk;k x;kA blls Hkkjrh; gkMZos;j ,oa lkW¶Vos;j cktkj dh ljxfeZ;ksa esa cM+h rsth vkbZA

1990 ds n'kd rd rks dEI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh ls tqM+h daifu;ksa ds fy, ifjn'; ,d ek;us ls iwjh rjg ls cny x;kA bu daifu;ksa us vkmVlksflZax] tks vjcksa MkWyj dk cktkj Fkk] djuk vkjaHk fd;kA lkW¶Vos;j fu;kZr ds c<+rs tkus ds lkFk ckWMh 'kkWfiax* ,d vke ckr gks xbZA blls lacafèkr LFkkuh; dalYVsalh daifu;ksa us vkbZ Vh dfeZ;ksa dh lsok,a fons'kh lkW¶Vos;j çkstsDV~l ij dk;Z djus ds fy, yhaA oSf'od vkfFkZdh esa vkmVlksfl±x ,d vko';d çcaèku çfØ;k ds :i esa mHkjkA blus çR;{k ,oa ijks{k jkstxkj ds volj çnku

fd, ftlls ?kjsyw vkbZ Vh jkstxkj ds {ks= esa O;kid :i ls o`f) gqbZA bl çdkj vkmVlksfl±x ds :i esa dEI;wfVax m|ksx dks Hkkjr ds bl ;ksxnku us vkbZ Vh ds {ks= esa Kku ,oa dkS'ky ds O;kolk;hdj.k esa cM+k lg;ksx fn;kA

vkmVlksfl±x rFkk ckWMh'kkWfiax vkfn ds ckjs esa vius fopkj j[krs gq, egs'k mIiy rFkk jkt psuxIik us dgk fd tgka rd lkW¶Vos;j mRiknksa rFkk dEI;wVj gkMZos;j dh ckr gS] Hkkjr bu {ks=ksa esa vHkh rd bruh rjDdh ugha dj ik;k gSA gkykafd egs'k mIiy ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh; vkbZ Vh m|ksx dh

'kq#vkr gkMZos;j ls gh gqbZ FkhA mIiy us ;g Hkh dgk fd Hkkjrh; vkbZ Vh ds fodkl esa rRdkyhu çèkkuea=h jktho xkaèkh dh Hkh egrh Hkwfedk FkhA psuxIik us ;g vk'kk Hkh O;Dr dh fd cnyrs vkfFkZd ifjos'k esa] vkus okys o"kks± esa Hkkjr lkW¶Vos;j rFkk dEI;wVj gkMZos;j esa viuk ;ksxnku nsdj viuh vyx igpku vo'; cuk,xkA

MkW- iznhi dqekj eq[kth Z ¼vlksf'k,V izksQslj] HkkSfrdh] ns'kca/kq dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;½] 43] ns'kca/k q lkslkbVh] 15] iViM+xat] fnYyh&110092 bZ&esy % [email protected]


dSalj dk irk vc tqxuw dh jks×kuh ls

fLol QsMsjy bafLVV~~;wV vkWQ VsDuksykWth] yqlkus ds 'kks/kdrkZ dsb tkWulu o muds lg;ksfx;ks a us vius 'kks/k ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd tqxuw dh jks'kuh ls dSalj dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA 'kksèkdrkZvks a ds vuqlkj] tqxuqvks a es a ,d fo'ks"k i z k sV hu gk srh g S ftlds dkj.k muds 'kjhj ls jks'kuh fudyrh gSA oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj izksVhu vfuok;Z :i ls 'kjhj esa pkfc;ks a ds leku dke djrs gS aA mudk vuwBk vkdkj vkSj cukoV 'kjhj es a dqN fo'ks"k v.kqvks a ds lkFk tqM+us ds fy, cuk gksrk gS vkSj os izfrfØ;k,a mRiUu djrs gS a] tqxuqvks a es a jks'kuh blh izdkj mRiUu gksrh gSA 'kks/kdrkZvksa us tqxuqvksa ls jks'kuh iSnk djus ds fy, ftEesnkj izksVhu dks ysdj mlls ,d jklk;fud VSx tksM+k ftlls tc ;g V~;wej dksf'kdk tSls fdlh vU; v.kq ls tqMs + rks og jks'ku gks tk,A bl iz;ksx dk iz;kstu bu fo'ks"k izksVhu dks rsth ls dke djus yk;d vkSj lLrk cukuk gS ftlls fpfdRld bu izksVhu ds ek/;e ls dSalj vkSj vU; chekfj;ks a dh vklkuh ls igpku dj ldss aA MkW- tkWulu vkSj muds lkFkh igys gh bl vo/kkj.kk ds vk/kkj

Y;wfeuy uked jlk;u jksdsxk eysfj;kv e s f j d k d h

okfa'k axVu ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ esfMflu ds izeq[k MSfu;y xk sYMcxZ o muds lg;ksfx;ksa us vius 'kks/k mijkar ;g crk;k fd vkijkf/kd ?kVukvksaa dh tk ap&iM+rky es a tklwlksa }kjk iz;ksx fd;k tkus okyk ,d jlk;u eysfj;k ds ijthfo;ksa dks ekj ldrk gSA vkijkf/kd ?kVukvkas esa jDr dh ek=k dk irk yxkus ds fy, ,d fo'ks"k jklk;fud ;kSfxd] Y;wfeuy dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g jlk;u yky jDr d.kksa esa mifLFkr gheksXyksfcu ds laidZ esa vkus ij uhyh ped ls Hkj tkrk gSA 'kks/kdrkZvksa us fn[kk;k fd os eysfj;k ls laØfer yky jDr d.kksa dks ,d vfLFkj jklk;fud HkaMkj esa cny ldrs gSa ftUgsa Y;wesu dh ped ls vyx fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy, oSKkfudksa us laØfer yky jDr d.kksa dks ,d vlkekU; ,ehuks ,flM fn;k vkSj bl jlk;u dks Y;wfeuy dh ped ls xfreku fd;k ftlls og eysfj;k ijthoh dks ekj nsA 'kks/kdrkZ ds vuqlkj eysfj;kjksèkh nok ^vkVhZfeflfuu* ls Y;wfeuy ls fudyus okyh jks'kuh c<+ tkrh gSaA oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj bl iz;ksx dks eysfj;k ds ,d uokpkjh mipkj esa tksM+k tk ldrk gSA ;g u;k mipkj eysfj;k ds ekStwnk mipkjksa ls vf/kd izHkko'kkyh gksxk] D;ksafd ekStwnk mipkj de izHkkoh lkfcr gks jgs gSaA okLro esa eysfj;k ijthfo;ksa us ekStwnk mipkjksa ds f[kykQ izfrjks/kd {kerk izkIr dj yh gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu ds lq>ko] ds vuqlkj ^vkVhZfeflfuu* dk iz;ksx dsoy vU; mipkjksa ds lkFk gh fd;k tk, D;ksafd ijthoh blds fo#) izfrjks/kh {kerk fodflr djrk tk jgk gSaA ^vkVhZfeflfuu* eysfj;k ds mipkj esa lcls vf/kd iz;ksx dh tkus okyh nok gSA

Y;wfeuy ekuo ds yky jDr d.kksa }kjk fufeZr izksVhsuksa dks y{; cukrk gS ftUgsa eysfj;k ijthoh fuf"Ø; ugha dj ldrs gaSA eysfj;k ijthoh yky jDr d.kksa dh lrg ij ,d d`f=e pSuy cukrs gSaA tc oSKkfudksa us ekuo jDRk d.kksa ls ;qDr ,d ?kksy easa ghe dk ,d vo;o] ,ehuks ,flM ijthoh ij Mkyk rc og ml pSuy ds ek/;e ls d.k ds Hkhrj pyk x;kA ogka mlus ghe fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k 'kq: dj nhA bl rjg ,d d.k cuk ftls 'kks/kdrkZvksa us izksVksiksjQkfju ukbu uke fn;kA tc bls jks'kuh ds laidZ eas yk;k x;k blus [krjukd jklk;fud ;kSfxdksa dk mRltZu fd;k tks eysfj;k ijthoh dks ekj nsrk gSA


ij ,d v.kq rS;kj dj pqds gS a tks nok ds iz;ksx dh fuxjkuh djrk gSA 'kksèkdrkZ ,d fLVªi fodflr dj jgs gS a ftl ij fo'ks"k izksVhu ds lkFk jDr dh ,d cwan Mkydj chekjh dh tkap ns[kdj 'kh?kz ghs ;g irk yxkus ea s dke;kc gks ldsaxs fd ejht ds 'kjhj esa fdruh ek=k esa nok gSA

vf/kd ek=k esa ued ds lsou ls efYViy

LdysjkWfll dk [krjk

;wfuoflZVh vkWQ ojekaV] vesfjdk ds 'kks/kdrkZ fnfe= ØsesaRlkso ds 'kks/k ds vuqlkj Hkkstu eas vf/kd ued dk lsou LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd ekuk tkrk gSA vf/kd ued ds lsou ls u dsoy ân; jksxksa dk [krjk gksrk gS] cfYd

fcuk vkWijs×ku ds eksfr;kfcan dk bykt laHko

;wfuoflZVh vkWQ dSfyQksfuZ;k] vesfjdk ds 'kks/kdrkZ o us= fo'ks"kK

dkax >kax us ,d ,slh vkbZMªkWi rS;kj dh gS ftldh lgk;rk ls

fcuk vkWijs'ku ds gh eksfr;kfcan dk bykt laHko gksxkA oSKkfudks a

us ysuksLVªky uked jlk;u dh [kkst dh gSA ;g jlk;u vke rkSj

ij izkd`frd :i ls vka[kks a es a mifLFkr gksrk gS vkSj vka[kks a ds yss al

ij izksVhu dh ijr teus ls jksdrk gSA blh vk/kkj ij oSKkfudks a us

d`f=e rjhds ls yksuksLVªky vkbZMªkWi rS;kj dh gSA bldk izkjafHkd

ijh{k.k dqÙkks a vkSj [kjxks'k

ij fd;k x;k ftlds urhts

mRlkgtud jgsA KkrO; gS

fd iwjs fo'o esa yxHkx 50

Áfr’kr va/k siu ds ekeys

vka[kks a dh iqrfy;ksa ij izksVhu

dh ijr teus ls gks srs ga SA

;g [krjukd efYViy LdysjkWfll ¼,e,l½ uked chekjh dk Hkh dkj.k gks ldrk gSa efYViy LdsysjkWfll ,d LoÁfrjf{kr ;kuh vkWVksbE;wu jksx gS vkSj dsanzh; raf=dk ra= dks izHkkfor djrk gSA vf/kd ek=k esa ued dk

lsou izfrj{kk dksf'kdkvksa dks Hkh izHkkfor djrk gSA

gseyrk iUr] lfpo] lk slkbVh vk WQ

ckW;ykWftdy lkbalsl ,aM :jy fMoyiesaV]

bykgkckn ¼m-iz-½&211019


^foKku* if=dk dk y{e.k çlkn ij vfHkuUnu vad

foKku ifj"kn~ ç;kx] bykgkckn }kjk viuh ekfld if=dk ^foKku* ds 'krkCnh o"kZ ds varxZr] blds vDrwcj 2015 vad dks Hkkjr ds çfrf"Br uokpkj iqjks/kk foKkujRu Jh y{e.k çlkn ij vfHkuanu vad ds :i esa çdkf’kr fd;k x;k gSA bl vad dk foekspu çks- —".k fcgkjh ik.Ms;] dqyifr] usg: xzke Hkkjrh fo’ofo|ky;] bykgkckn ds }kjk 19 vDrwcj 2015 dks foKku ifj"kn~ ç;kx] bykgkckn ds dyke lHkkxkj esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa fd;k x;kA bl volj ij M‚- nhukukFk frokjh] M‚- f’koxksiky feJ] M‚- ds-ds- HkwVkuh] Jherh mek çlkn vkSj vkSj vU; x.kekU; O;fä ekStwn FksA

19 vDrwcj 1930 dks vyhx<+ esa tUes Jh y{e.k çlkn us lu~ 1952 esa vkxjk fo’ofo|ky; ls ch-,l&lh- vkSj lu~ 1954 esa y[kuÅ fo’ofo|ky; ls ,e-,- ¼lkekftd dk;Z½ fd;kA 'kksèk lgk;d] ftyk lekt dY;k.k vfèkdkjh vkSj çkpk;Z ¼jktdh; us=ghu fo|ky;½] vkWfQlj vkWu Lis’ky M~;wVh ¼Hkkjr ljdkj ds f’k{kk ea=ky;½ ds vykok Jh y{e.k çlkn cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh XySDlks bafM;k fyfeVsM esa phQ] ilZuy ,aM baMfLVª;y fjys’kal fMikVZes aV tSls egRoiw.kZ inksa ij jg pqds gSaA

uokpkj vkSj foKku Jh çlkn dh #fp ds nks eq[; fo"k; jgs gSaA og Hkkjr esa uokpkj vkanksyu ds vxzuk;dksa esa ls ,d gSaA mUgksaus vuojr uokpkj vkSj uokpkjh çofr ds fodkl ij dk;Z fd;k gSA mUgksaus Lo;a 25 vkfo"dkj vkSj uokpkj fd, gSa( vusd lkekftd o vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh rFkk t:jreanksa dks fu%’kqYd dSyhij ckaVs gSaA Jh y{e.k izlkn us foKku yksdfiz;dj.k dh fn’kk esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ

vonku fn, gSaA mudh vusd iqLrdsa vkSj muds la;kstu esa vk;ksftr vusd foKku tkx:drk dk;ZØe bl ckr ds lk{kh gSaA muds izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa u, lqèkkjkRed ,oa uo ifjorZu dk;Zdykiksa dks Hkkjr ds egku ,oa fo’ofo[;kr oSKkfudksa us ljkgk gSA muds vonku dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, Jh y{e.k izlkn dks Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj mÙkj izns’k ljdkj }kjk vusd izfrf"Br iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur Hkh fd;k x;k gSA

Jh y{e.k çlkn dks muds rhu vkfo"dkjksa&U;weSDl lsYQ bafdax jsyos fVdV MsfVax ,aM Vkbfiax e'khu] feuh ekbØks fizaVj vkSj dosZDl cSp dksMj ds fy, us'kuy fjlpZ fMosyiesaV dkjiksjs'ku ds ^,uvkjMhlh ljkguh; vkfo"dkj iqjLdkj* ls Øe'k% o"kZ 1989] 1991 vkSj 1999 esa lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA

Jh y{e.k çlkn ds thou vkSj dk;ksaZ ij dsafær foKku ifj"kn ç;kx }kjk çdkf’kr bl iw.kZr% jaxhu vkSj vkd"kZd vfHkuUnu vad esa dqy 120 i"B gSaA laiknd M‚- f’koxksiky feJ us laikndh; esa Jh y{e.k çlkn th ds vuks[ks O;fDrRo vkSj uokpkj ds {ks= esa muds mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku dh ljkguk dh gSA bl vfHkuUnu vad esa Jh çlkn us vius cpiu ls ysdj orZeku rd ds thou] ukSdjh] lkekftd lsok vkSj uokpkj ds {ks= esa vius ç;klksa dh foLrr tkudkjh ^thou ;k=k dh ,d >yd* 'kh"kZd ds varxZr nh gSA

bl vad esa M‚- vkj-,- ek’ksydj] çks- lrh’k pUæ tSu] M‚- txnh’k xkaèkh] çks- ts-ih- jkor] çks- v’kksd dqekj] çks- ,-,u- ikBd] jkèkkdkUr vaFkoky] M‚- ds-ds- HkwVkuh] çsepUæ JhokLro] M‚- jkts’k dqekj] M‚- fnus’k ef.k] çks- lqcksèk 'kadj] çks- lR;nso dkSf’kd] nsoukjk;.k Hkkj}kt] fouksn dqekj feJ] dkyh’kadj 'kqDyk] ds-Mh- 'kekZ] nsoozr f}osnh] nhfIr 'kekZ] fouksn 'kadj xqIr] M‚- jktsUæ ok".kZs;]

euh"k eksgu xksjs vkSj MkW- jpuk vxzoky] tSls oSKkfudksa] fganh lsfo;ksa] f’k{kdksa rFkk foKku ys[kdksa ds Jh y{e.k çlkn ds O;fDrRo o ;ksxnku ls lacaf/kr laLej.k çdkf’kr fd, x, gSaA buds vykok] bl fo’ks"kkad esa Jh y{e.k çlkn dh iRuh Jherh mek çlkn] mudh iqf=;ksa Jherh vferk vxzoky o Jherh ofurk dqekj vkSj ikS=h vukfedk caly ds }kjk fyf[kr laLej.kksa dks Hkh bl vad esa çdkf’kr fd;k x;k gSA

bl vad esa fu’Ny }kjk fy, x, Jh y{e.k çlkn ds lk{kkRdkj dks vfody çdkf’kr fd;k x;k gS vkSj Hkkjrh; varfj{k ;k=h jkds’k 'kekZ ds Jh çlkn dks fy[ks ,sfrgkfld i=] jkds’k 'kekZ vkSj :l ds nks varfj{k ;kf=;ksa }kjk gLrk{kfjr fyQkQk rFkk ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk enj Vsjslk }kjk fyf[kr ç’kalk i= dks Hkh bl vfHkuanu vad ds ifjf’k"V esa LFkku fn;k x;k gSA vad ds var esa Jh y{e.k çlkn th ds thou dh >kadh çLrqr djrh fp=koyh Hkh çdkf’kr dh xbZ gSA

euh"k eksgu xksjs] foKku izlkj] ,&50] b a f LVV ~; w ' kuy , fj; k ] l s DVj&62 ] uks,Mk&201309 ¼m-iz-½bZ&esy % [email protected]


badkWbl] gSnjkckn esa jk"Vªh; fganh oSKkfud

laxks"Bh izk;% lquus esa vkrk gS fd fganh

vkèkqfud Kku&foKku dks vfHkO;Dr djus esa l{ke ugha gSA ;g /kkj.kk vlR;] fujk/kkj rFkk Hk zked gSA oLrqr% fganh iw.kZr;k oSKkfud Hkk"kk gS rFkk ;g lHkh izdkj dh izxfrijd laLÑfr] Kku&foKku dh vfHkO;fDr vkSj laiz s"k.k ds fy, cgqr l{ke gSA blh n`f"Vdks.k ls rFkk foKku dk ykHk tuekul rd igqapkus gsrq i`Foh foKku ea=ky; ds Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; egklkxj lwpuk lsok dsanz ¼badk Wbl½] gSnjkckn }kjk 28&29 flrEcj 2015 dks ßgekjs thou esa lkxj dh Hkwfedk % oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.kÞ fo"k;d laxks"Bh dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA dk;ZØe ds v/;{k rFkk badkWbl ds funs’kd MkW- lrh’k lh- 'ksukW; us crk;k fd lkxj fo"k;d tuksi;ksxh rduhdh lwpuk,a fganh vFkok izknsf’kd Hkk"kk esa tuekul dks ;fn miyC/k gksrh gS rks mlds nwjxkeh lQy ifj.kke izkIr gksrs gSaA mUgksus badkWbl }kjk iznku dh tkus okyh lqukeh psrkouh lsok] eNqvkjksa ds jkstxkj dh lsok rFkk leqnz fo"k;d vU; oSKkfud lwpukvks a ds ckjs es a /;ku bafxr fd;kA fof’k"V vfrfFk] ofj"B foKku lapkjd MkW- Mh-Mh-vks>k us crk;k fd fo’o esa ftu&ftu ns’kks a us viuh Hkk"kk esa foKku dks viuk;k gS] ogka fodkl dh nj rFkk tuekul esa oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k c<+k gSA MkW- vks>k us rduhdh l= esa lkxj ,oa ekuo

lekt ds vuU; laca/kks a ij rduhdh izLrqrhdj.k Hkh fn;kA vU; fof’k"V vfrfFk rFkk gSnjkckn fo’ofo|ky; ds fganh foHkkx ds izks- jfojatu us crk;k fd fganh ds fujarj fodkl ls bldh fo’o esa izfr"Bk c<+h gS rFkk cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka Hkh vius O;kikj&izlkj gsrq bls lh[kus es a vkrqj gSA dk;ZØe ds eq[; vfrfFk] e/;izns’k foKku vkSj izk S|k sfxdh ifj"kn~ ds egkfuns’kd rFkk e/;izns’k 'kklu ds oSKkfud lykgdkj izks- izeksn ds- oekZ us vius mn~cks/ku esa crk;k fd foKku dks fodkl dk;ksZ a ls tksM+uk t:jh gSA fo’ks"kr% leqnz tSls fo’kky {ks= esa tks fd gekjs lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl dk egRoiw.kZ ,oa v{kq..k lalkèku gS] ds ckjs esa rduhdh tkudkjh tuekul dh Hkk"kk esa gksrh rks ns’k dk cgqvk;keh fodkl gksxkA badkWbl ds miiz/kku iz’kklfud vf/kdkjh ,oa jktHkk"kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr ds v/;{k ds-ds-oh- pkjh us crk;k fd bl jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh esa ns’k ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa ;Fkk&e/;izns’k] rSyaxkuk] mÙkj izns’k] xksok] egkjk"Vª] x qtjkr] jktLFk ku] vk a / k zi zn s ’ k ] rfeyukMq] mÙkjk[kaM] fnYyh vkfn ds 150 ls vf/kd oSKkfudksa us Hkkx fy;kA laxks"Bh ds 6 rduhdh l=ksa esa Øe’k% egklkxj lsok,a ,oa lkekftd izklafxdrk] egklkxj ,oa ekulwu] oSf’od rkiu ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu] egklkxj i z k S|k s fxdh] egklkxj ds tSfod ,oa jklk;fud igyw rFkk egklkxj ds fgek ade aMy] fgeunfoKku] Hk w foKkuh; ,o a HkwHkkSfrd igyw ¼/kq zoh; foKku] e/; leqnzh; pksVh] tyrkih; izfØ;k,a vkfn½ ns’k ds fofHkUu oSKkfud

laLFkkvksa esa dk;Zjr oSKkfudksa us vius rduhdh izLrqrhdj.k fganh esa nsdj ns’k ds ^x* {ks= esa foKku ds {ks= esa fganh dh Hkwfedk dk mUu;u fd;kA

bl rduhdh laxks"Bh ds fofHkUu l=ksa esa eRL;ikyu m|ksx ,oa jkstxkj dh laHkkouk,a] lkxj dh Tokjh; ÅtkZ 'kfDr] ,y uhuks rFkk yk&uhuk izkoLFkkvk s a ds nk Sjku ok;q&lkxj var% fØ;k,a] ok;qeaMyh; tyok"i ds leLFkkfud vfHky{k.k] rVh; izfØ;kvks a es a ek WMfyax fo’ys"k.k] oSf’od rkiu dk fgan egklkxj ds pØokrh rwQkuks a ij izHkko] lkxj ls ÅtkZ lap;u] leqnzh [kjirokj dk mi;ksx rFkk egRo] vaVkdZfVdk laHkkj] egklkxj es a ikni&Iyodks a dk vuqdwyu] leqnz dh ryNV esa cSDVhfj;k dh fofo/krk] tyÑf"k e s a tSo&izk S|k s fxdh dk ;k sxnku] vaVkdZfVdk es a volknks a ds Lkzk sr ,oa forj.k] Hkkjr esa virVh; iou ÅtkZZ dh laHkkouk,a] leqnz Å"eh; ÅtkZ :ikarj.k] vikjaifjd ÅtkZ lzksrks a dk nksgu] eRL; canjxkg dk xf.krh; izfreku v/;;u] Hkkjr ds leqæh if{k;ksa dh fofo/krk] lqukeh psrkouh iz.kkyh es a vk;ueaMyh; HkwdaifoKku dh Hkwfedk rFkk gekjs thou es a lkxj dh Hkwfedk tSls egRoiw.kZ igywvks a ij ekSf[kd ,oa iksLVj rduhdh l= vk;ksftr fd, x,A bl nks fnolh; laxks"Bh ds rduhdh l=ksa esa MkW- lksedqekj 'kekZ] MkW- ,u-lh- iar] MkW- fefyan etqenkj] MkW- ds-,p- jko-] MkW- ,-ds- lgk; rFkk MkW- vkj- osadVs’ku eq[; oDrk FksA

MkW- Mh-Mh- vks>k] czãiqjh] gtkjh pcwrjk] tksèkiqj] jktLFkku


;wjksih; ns’kksa }kjk fufeZr ,vjcl ,&380 fo'o dk lcls cM+k ;k=h foeku gSA bl foeku ds vkxeu ls iwoZ la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk }kjk fuÆer cksbax 747 vFkok tacks tsV lcls cM+k ;k=h foeku FkkA ,&380 esa 600 ls Òh vf/kd ;k=h cSB ldrs gSa vkSj ;fn dsoy bdksukseh Js.kh dh lhVsa yxkbZ tk,a rks yxÒx 800 ls 900 ;k=h fcBk, tk ldrs gSaA

fczVsu rFkk Ýkal ds la;qDr ç;kl ls fufeZr dadkMZ foeku èofu ls

foeku vkSj oSekfudh#dqN jkspd rF;# fcey dqekj JhokLro

Òh rst pyrk Fkk] vkSj bldh vfèkdre xfr 2000 fdyksehVj çfr ?kaVs ¼èofu dh xfr ls yxÒx nksxquh½ FkhA bl çdkj ;k=h foekuksa dh Js.kh esa dadkMZ foeku dh xfr lcls vfèkd FkhA bl 'kkunkj foeku dh mM+kusa o"kZ 2003 ls can gks pqdh gSaA

:l }kjk fufe Zr vUrk su k so , ,u&225 ¼e`;k½ foeku fo'o dk lcls cM+k ekyokgd foeku gS ftlesa cM+s&cM+s VSad] rFkk esVªks

ds batu rd dks ys tk;k tkrk gSA bl foeku esa Ng batu yxs gksrs gSaA

foekuks a ij çk;% muds fiNys Òkx esa iw aN ds fudV mudk jftLVªs’ku vafdr jgrk gS ¼tSls eksVjlkbfdyksa rFkk dkjksa dh uacj IysV ij jftLVªs’ku gksrk gS½A ;g jftLVªs’ku lkekU;r% ikap v{kjksa vFkok vadksa dk gksrk gSA igys nks v{kj ml ns’k ds fy, fu/kkZfjr v{kj Øe dks n’kkZrs gSa] ftl ns’k dk og foeku gSA Òkjrh; ukxfjd foekuksa ds jftLVªs’ku VT- ls vkjaÒ gksrs gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy, VT-AFT, VT-ESN, VT-JGC vkfnA Òkjr ds lSfud foekuksa ds jftLVªs’ku JU- ls vkjaÒ gksrs gSaA

ifdLrku ds ;k=h foekuks a ds jftLVªs’ku AP-XYZ tSls gksrs gS a ] FkkbZyS aM ds ;k=h foekuks a ds jftLVª s’ku VH-AMC vkSj usiky ;k=h foekuksa ds jftLVªs’ku 9N-PMC, tSls gksrs gSaA

foekuksa dh mM+ku ds fy, rFkk mudks 'kfDr çnku djus ds fy,

fofo/kk

fnYyh ds bafnjk xka/kh gokbZ vM~Ms dk HkO; ;k=h Hkou


lkekU;r% ,d ls ysdj pkj batu yxk, tkrs gSA ;s batu tsV] fiLVu vFkok VckZ s&çksisyj ds fl)kar ij dk;Z djrs gSaA vkèkqfud ;k=h foekuksa esa vfèkd 'kfDr] vfèkd {kerk] rFkk vfèkd xfr dh çkfIr ds mís’; ls eq[;r% tsV batu yxk, tkrs gSa tks vfèkd 'kfDr] {kerk rFkk xfr çnku djrs gSaA

foeku ds mM+ku Òjrs rFkk Òwfe ij mrjrs le; ok;q dh xfr vkSj ok;q çokg dh fn’kk ,d egRoiw.kZ Òwfedk fuÒkrh gSA bu voLFkkvksa esa ok;q dh fn’kk foeku dh xfr ds fo#) gksrh gSA

foekuksa esa bZaèku muds ia[kksa esa cuh fo’ks"k Vafd;ksa esa Òjk tkrk gSA foeku ds larqyu ds fy, nksuksa ia[kkas esa cjkcj bZaèku Òjk tkrk gSA cgqèkk ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd foeku Òh dkj rFkk eksVjlkbfdy dh rjg isVªksy ls pyrs gSaA ;g ckr

dqN gn rd lgh Òh gS D;ksa fd fiLVu batu okys foeku isVªksy dh lgk;rk ls gh pyrs gSA

Çdrq vk/kqfud ;qx ds yxÒx lÒh cM+s foekuksa esa tsV vFkok VckZs&çksisyj batu yxs gksrs gSa] ftudk bZa/ku okLro esa ,d fo’ks"k çdkj dk ^^feÍh dk rsy** gksrk gS ftls la’kksfèkr oSekfudh dsjksflu dgrs gSA ;g bZa/ku isVªksy dh vis{kk lLrk gksrk gSA

vk/kqfud ;k=h foeku vkdk’k esa lkekU;r% Òwfe ls yxÒx 10&15 fdyksehVj Åij dh ÅapkbZ ij mM+ku Òjrs gSaA mM+ku ds nkSjku foeku dh ÅapkbZ dks ¶ykbV ysosy (FL) }kjk çnÆ’kr fd;k tkrk gSA tSls ¶ykbV ysosy 310] ¶ykbV ysosy 330 vkfnA ¶ykbV ysosy 310 dk vFkZ gS fd foeku dh Òwfe ls ÅapkbZ yxÒx 31000 QqV gSA

dÒh&dÒh foeku tc vkdk’k esa mM+ku Òjrk gS rks mlls èkq,a dh ydhjsa fudyrh fn[krh gSaA vfèkdrj ,slk n`’; lfnZ;ksa ds ekSle esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tc cká okrkoj.k dk rkieku de gksrk gSA ;g blfy, gksrk gS D;ksa fd foeku ds batu] okrkoj.k ls ok;q dk 'kks"k.k djds mls bZa/ku ds lkFk feyk dj çTTofyr djrs gSa] ftldh 'kfDr ls foeku mM+ku Òjrk gSA ;fn okrkoj.k esa ueh gS rks çTToyu ds i'pkr batu ls ckgj fudyus okyh xSlksa esa tyok"i dh Òh dqN ek=k jgrh gS] tks ckgj ds de rkieku ds dkj.k la?kfur gks tkrh gS vkSj gesa /kq,a ds :i esa fn[krh gSA

jkr ds le; mM+rs foekuksa dks ns[kus ij mlds ia[kksa ds nksuksa fljkas ij vyx&vyx jaxksa dh cfŸk;ka pedrh fn[krh gSa] ftuds jax yky vkSj gjs gksrs gSaA yky cŸkh ckb± rjQ rFkk gjh cŸkh nkb± rjQ yxh gksrh gSA bUgsa ûsfoxs’kuy ykbV* dgrs gSA bu cfŸk;ksa dk çeq[k mís’; vkdk’k esa foeku dh mifLFkfr dks n’kkZuk gS] rkfd vkdk’k esa mM+ jgs nwljs foeku ls VDdj dks jksdk tk ldsA blh çdkj Òwfe ij Òh pyus okys okguksa rFkk O;fDr;ksa dks Òh foeku dh mifLFkfr dh lwpuk fey ldsA

fdlh foeku ls [krjs dh lwpuk nsus ds fy, ,d fo’ks"k lans’k êsMs* êsMs* dk dbZ ckj çlkj.k fd;k tkrk gS] ftls lqu dj ;g irk pyrk gS dksbZ foeku [krjs esa gS]

csaxyqý gokbZ vM~Mk dk ,d n`';

foeku vkSj oSekfudh#dqN jkspd rF;# fcey dqekj JhokLro


ftlds vkèkkj ij Òw&fu;a=.k dsaæ lqj{kk ds lkèku miyCèk djus dk ç;kl djrk gSA

foekuksa esa nq?kZVuk ds dkj.kksa dh tkap ds mís’; ls CySdckWDl yxk, tkrs gSa] tks nq?kZVuk ds Ò;adj vk?kkr dks lgus esa l{ke gksrs gSaA çR;sd foeku esa nks CySd ckWDl yxs gksrs gSa] tks dkWdfiV okWbl fjdkWMZj rFkk ¶ykbV MsVk fjdkWMZj dgykrs gSa rFkk ftudk jax ukjaxh vFkok pVd yky gksrk gSA dkWdfiV okWbl fjdkWMZj dkWdfiV ds vanj gksus okyh ckr&phr rFkk /ofu;ksa dh fjdkWÉMx djrk gS rFkk ¶ykbV

MsVk fjdkWMZj foeku dh osxo`f)] xfr] ÅapkbZ] batuksa dh 'kfDr vkfn fjdkWMZ djrk gSA

vc dqN ckrsa gokbZ vÏksa dh

foeku ftl LFkku ls mM+ku Òjrs gSa vkSj tgka ij mrjrs gSa] mls gokbZ vÏk vFkok foekury dgk tkrk gSA oSls cgqr ls ;k=h rFkk nwljs yksx çk;% gokbZ vÏs dk vFkZ dsoy mlh LFkku ls yxkrs gSa tgka ij os foeku dk fVdV vkfn cqd djrs gSa vkSj foeku ij lokj gksrs gSaA blh dkj.k cgqèkk yksxksa dks ;g dgrs gq, lquk tkrk gS fd eqacbZ esa lkarkØwt rFkk lgkj uked nks gokbZ vÏs gSaA tc fd okLrfodrk ;g gS fd lgkj rFkk lkarkØwt nksuksa ,d gh gokbZ vÏs ds nks vyx&vyx ;k=h Òou gSaaA

ifjÒk"kk ds vuqlkj foekury vFkok gokbZ vÏk og LFkku gS ftls foekuksa ds vkxeu] çLFkku] rFkk vU; xfrfofèk;ks a ds fy, ç;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA tc fdlh foekury dks vusd ;k=h lqfoèkkvksa tSls ;k=h çrh{kk d{k ¼iSlsatj

ykmat½] ,vjykbu dkmaVj] dkj ikdZ vkfn ls ;qDr dj fn;k tkrk gS rks mls foekuiŸku vFkok ,vjiksVZ dgk tkrk gSA

okLro esa foekury vfr O;kid 'kCn gS] ftlds varxZr dsoy foeku ;kf=;ksa ds fy, ç;qDr gksus okyk ;k=h Òou ¼VfeZuy½ gh ugÈ] cfYd foeku dh mM+ku ds lanÒZ esa ç;qDr gksus okys vU; dbZ LFkku tSls èkkou iFk ¼ju os½] ,sçu] foeku 'kkyk ¼gSaxj½] VSDlh os] ;krk;kr fu;a=.k dsaæ ¼daVªksy Vkoj½] jsfM;ks chdu] jsMkj vkfn Òh lfEefyr gSaA

fdlh foekury dks eksVs rkSj ij nks Òkxksa esa foÒkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA igyk rks Òwfe dh rjQ dk Òkx tks Òwfe lkbM dgykrk gS] ftlds varxZr ;k=h VfeZuy Òou] lhek 'kqYd] vkoztu] dkj ikÉdx] dkxkZs yksfMax] ckgj dh lM+dsa vkfn vkrs gSa] tcfd nwljk Òkx foekuksa ds lapkyu dh rjQ dk gksrk gS ftlds varxZr èkkou iFk] VSDlh iFk] ,sçu ¼og LFkku tgka foeku ikdZ fd, tkrs gSa½] jsfM;ks lapkyu

eqEcbZ ds N=ifr f'kokth varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Ms dk ,-Vh-lh- Vkoj

mM+ku Hkjrk foeku


lqfoèkk,a] vorj.k lqfoèkk,a vkfn lfEefyr gaSA

çk;% ge foekuryksa ij Òwfe dh rjQ dh O;oLFkk vFkkZr~ ;k=h çrh{kk d{k] fVdV dkmaVj] lhek 'kqYd vkfn ls rks ifjfpr gksrs gSa] Çdrq çk;% ok;q okys Òkx dh vfèkd tkudkjh gesa ugÈ gksrh gSA

gokbZ vÏs dk lcls egRoiw.kZ vax èkkou iFk vFkok ju os gksrk gS] tks ok;q okys Òkx dh vksj gksrk gSA okLro esa cxSj /kkou iFk ds fdlh foekury dks foekury ekuk gh ugÈ tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d yack vk;rkdkj lery LFkku gksrk gS tgka ls foeku mM+ku Òjrs gSaA ns[kus esa èkkou iFk ,d yach lhèkh lM+d tSlk fn[krk gS] lkekU;r% ftldh yackbZ 1000 ls 4000 ehVj rFkk pkSM+kbZ 45 ehVj gksrh gSA

èkkou iFk ds nksuksa fljksa dks fo’ks"k uke fn, tkrs gS] tks èkkou iFk

dh fn’kk ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr fd, tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, eqacbZ gokbZ vÏs dk ,d èkkou iFk 09@27 dgykrk gS ftldk vFkZ gS fd ;g /kkou iFk iwoZ&if'pe ¼090Œ@270Œ½ dh fn’ k k e s a fLFkr gSA

^,sçu* uked LFkku çR;sd gokbZ vÏs ij fLFkr gksrk gSA ^,sçu* esa foekuksa ds fy, ikÉdx cs cus gksrs gSa] tgka foekuksa dks ikdZ fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ikÉdx cs uacj&4] cs uacj&12 vkfnA ikÉdx cs dks ikÉdx xsV Òh dgrs gSaA

çeq[k gokbZ vÏksa ij gokbZ iqy

¼,jks fczt½ yxs gksrs gSa] ftuds

}kjk ;k=h lhèks foeku esa ços’k

dj tkrs gSaA ,jks fczt nks çdkj

ls ;kf=;ks a dks lqfo/kk,a çnku

djrs gSA ,d rks mUgsa foeku

dh ÅapkbZ rd lhf<+;ka p<+us@

mrjus ls jkgr fey tkrh gS

rFkk èkwi] ckfj’k vkfn ls cpko gksrk gSA blds vykok foeku ls ;k=h Òou rd ds lQ+j ds fy, okguksa dh vko’;drk ugÈ gksrh gS] D;ksafd ;g lQ+j pkgs okgu }kjk fd;k tk, ;k iSny fd;k tk,] gokbZ vÏs ij O;oèkku iagqpkrk gSA

gokbZ vÏksa ij yxk;k tkus okyk vkbZ-,y-,l- uked ;a= foekuksa ds fy, ,d vR;ar egRoiw.kZ ;a= ekuk tkrk gSA bl ;a= dk nwljk Òkx foeku esa yxk gksrk gSA vkbZ-,y-,l- dk foLr`r uke baLVwªwesaVl ySafMax flLVe gSA foeku mrkjrs le;] bl ;a= }kjk nh xbZ lwpukvksa ds vkèkkj ij foeku pkyd foeku dh fn’kk rFkk ekxZ dk lgh&lgh fuèkkZj.k dj ysrk gS ftlls [kjkc ekSle esa Òh foeku dks lqjf{kr mrkjk tk ldrk gSA

fcey dqekj JhokLro] f}rh; ry] th&11 xzhu ikdZ ,DlVsa'ku]ubZ fnYyh&110016 bZ&esy % [email protected]

Hkwfe ls yxHkx 10]000 ehVj dh ÅapkbZ ij cknyksa ds Åij mM+rk foeku


ekuk tkrk gS] dks Hkh bl ;qxkarjdkjh [kkst ds ckn ,d u, ifjçs{; esa ns[kk tkuk ykteh gks x;kA ;g rks de ls de fuf'pr gks x;k fd LVSaMMZ ekWMy czãkaM ds ewy d.kksa dk ,d vafre] vdkV~; fl)kar ugha gS ;kuh blesa Hkh la'kksèku fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA

U;wfVªuks çÑfr ds lcls nqxkZº; ewy d.k ekus tkrs gSaA ;s QfeZ;kWu Js.kh e s a tkr s g S a ;kuh ;s d.k QehZ&fMjkd lkaf[;dh dk ikyu djrs gSaA buds çpØ.k ;kuh fLiu dk eku 1@2 gksrk gSA QksVkWu ds ckn laiw.kZ czãkaM esa U;wfVªuks gh vfèkla[;k esa ik, tkrs gSaA èkjrh ls ;s d.k yxkrkj Vdjkrs jgrs gSa rFkk çfr lsdaaM gekjs 'kjhj ls Hkh vjcksa dh rknkn esa ;s xqtjrs gSaA bUgsa bl rjg xqtjus ls dksbZ ugha jksd ldrk D;ksafd inkFkZ ds

lkFk U;wfVªuks d.kksa dh vU;ksU;fØ;k u ds cjkcj gh gksrh gSA

U;wfVªuks nksyu dh [kkst ds fy, bl o"kZ fn;k x;k ukscsy iqjLdkj fuLlansg HkkSfrdhfonksa dks U;wfVªuks ds lalwpu vkSj mlds xq.kèkeks± ls tqMs+ 'kksèk vè;;u ds fy, u, fljs ls çsfjr djsxkA oSKkfudksa dks vk'kk gS fd ;s 'kksèk&vè;;u fuf'pr :i ls gekjs czãkaM ds bfrgkl] mldh lajpuk rFkk mldh fu;fr ds ckjs esa gekjh orZeku tkudkjh esa u, vk;ke tksM+saxsA

tkiku esa lu~ 1959 esa tUes dkftrk us lu~ 1986 esa ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ VksD;ks ls HkkSfrdh esa ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk yhA vktdy og bafLVV~;wV vkWQ dkWfLed js fjlpZ ds funs'kd rFkk ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ VksD;ks] dkf'kck esa çksQslj gSaA

flMuh esa lu~ 1943 esa tUes eSdMksukYM dukMk ds ukxfjd gSaA lu~ 1969 esa mUgksaus dSfyQksfuZ;k bafLVV~;wV vkWQ VsDuksykWth] iklkMhuk ls HkkSfrdh esa ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk çkIr dhA vktdy og dukMk ds fdaxLVu fLFkr DohUl ;wfuoflZVh esa çksQslj ,efjVl gSaA

jlk;u foKku

jlk;u foKku esa o"kZ 2015 dk ukscsy iqjLdkj VkWel fyaMky] ikWy ekWMfjd vkSj ,ftt lSadj dks Mh,u, ejEer dh fofHkUu fØ;kfofèk;ksa dh [kkst ds fy, fn;k x;k gSA ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk bu rhu oSKkfudksa us thfor dksf'kdk,a dSls dk;Z djrh gSa] bls ysdj vius varn`f"Viw.kZ vè;;u fd,A bu vè;;uksa us vfr egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh çnku dh ftldk mi;ksx vU; phtksa ds vykok dSalj ds bykt ds fy, ubZ nokvksa ds fodkl esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA

vius 'kksèk&vè;;uksa }kjk oSKkfudksa us ;g irk yxk;k fd dksf'kdk,a vkf.od Lrj ij Mh,u, esa mRiUu VwV&QwV dh ejEer dj mls dSls lqjf{kr j[krh gSaA pwafd vkuqoaf'kd inkFkZ Mh,u, esa gh reke vkuqoaf'kd tkudkjh lafpr gksrh gS] {kfrxzLr Mh,u, dh ejEer dj dksf'kdk,a cM+h egrh Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSaA

njvly] Mh,u, v.kq esa fdlh u fdlh otg ls VwV&QwV pyrh gh jgrh gSA cká dkjdksa ds ijkcSaxuh fofdj.k] eqDr ewyd rFkk dSaljdkjh inkFkks± dks fy;k tk ldrk gS tks Mh,u, dks yxkrkj {kfr igqapkrs jgrs gSaA ysfdu varHkwZr ;kuh uSt :i ls Mh,u, v.kq Hkh vLFkkbZ gksrs gSaA njvly] dksf'kdk thukse esa jkstkuk gtkjksa dh la[;k

lMcjh U;wfVªuks vkCtjosVjh esa fLFkr ^fyfDoM flafVysVj U;wfVªuks fMVsDVj* dk van:uh n`'; ¼lkHkkj % lMcjh U;wfVªuks vkCtjosVjh½

¼i`"B 15 dk 'ks"kka'k½ --- foKku ds {ks= esa o"kZ 2015 ds ukscsy iqjLdkj


ikWy ekWMfjd ,ftt lSadjVkWel fyaMky

esa Lor% ifjorZu gksrs jgrs gSaA blds vykok dksf'kdk foHkktu ds nkSjku Mh,u, dk çfrfyfidj.k gksrk gSA fnu esa yk[kksa&djksM+ksa ckj gksus okyh bl çfØ;k ds nkSjku Hkh Mh,u, v.kq esa nks"k mRiUu gksrs gSaA

bu lc cká dkjdksa ,oa vkarfjd çfØ;kvks a ds ckotwn vkuqo af'kd inkFkZ Mh,u, ,d tfVy jklk;fud vO;oLFkk ds :i esa u fc[kj dj vius vfLrRo dks cpk, j[krk gS D;ksafd vkf.od Lrj ij dqN ,slh ç.kkfy;ka ekStwn gksrh gSa tks {kfrxzLr Mh,u, v.kq dh ejEer djus ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrh gSaA

jlk;u foKku esa bl o"kZ ds rhuksa ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk oSKkfudksa us vius 'kksèk&vè;;u }kjk vkf.od Lrj ij Mh,u, dh ejEer djus okyh ç.kkfy;ksa dh fØ;kfofèk;ksa ds ckjs esa irk yxk;kA

1970 ds n'kd ds 'k q#vkrh nkSj es a oSKkfudks a dh ;g èkkj.kk Fkh fd Mh,u, ,d vfr LFkkbZ v.kq gSA ysfdu VkWel fyaMky us ;g çnf'kZr

fd;k fd Mh,u, v.kq rsth ls {k; dks çkIr gksrk gSA njvly] bldh {k; nj bruh vfèkd gksrh gS fd èkjrh ij thou dk mn~Hko gh vlaHko gks tkrk vxj bl {k; ij jksd yxkus okyh ç.kkyh ekStwn u gksrhA fyaMky us ,d ,slh vkf.od fØ;kfofèk dh [kkst dh tks Mh,u, esa gksus okys {k; ij jksd yxkrh gSA bl fØ;kfofèk ;kuh ejEer ç.kkyh dks mUgksaus ^csl ,fDl'tu fjis;j* uke fn;kA

,ftt lSadj us ,d vU; ejEer ç.kkyh dh [kkst dh tks Mh,u, dks iSjkcSaxuh fofdj.k ls gksus okyh {kfr dh ejEer ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrh gSA bls mUgksaus U;wfDyvksVkbM ,fDl'tu fjis;j* uke fn;kA ftu O;fDr;ksa esa ;g ejEer ç.kkyh nks"kiw.kZ gksrh gS ;k lgh rjg ls dke ugha djrh gS] muesa lw;Z dh jks'kuh ds laidZ esa vkus ij Ropk dSalj gksus dh vk'kadk cuh jgrh gSA dksf'kdk,a U;wfDyvksVkbM ,fDl'tu fjis;j uked ejEer ç.kkyh dk mi;ksx mRifjorZtuh inkFkks± ls Mh,u, esa mRiUu nks"kksa dks

lqèkkjus ds fy, Hkh djrh gSaA ikWy ekWMfjd us fyaMky vkSj

lS adj ls ,dne vyx ,d ubZ ejEer ç.kkyh dh [kkst dhA dksf'kdk foHkktu ds nkSjku gksus okyh Mh,u, çfrfyfidj.k dh çfØ;k esa Hkh Mh,u, v.kq esa dqN nks"k vk tkrs gSaA lSadj us ,d ,slh ejEer ç.kkyh dh [kkst dh tks Mh,u, çfrfyfidj.k dh çfØ;k esa gksus okys nks"k dh nj dks ,d gtkj xquk ls Hkh vfèkd de dj nsrh gSA bl ç.kkyh dks ekWMfjd us ^feleSp fjis;j* uke fn;kA ftu O;fDr;ksa esa tUetkr :i ls bl ejEer ç.kkyh esa nks"k jg tkrk gS os ,d ,sls dSalj dk f'kdkj gks ldrs gSa tks cM+h vkar ;kuh o`gnka= dSalj dk ,d vkuqoaf'kd ifjorZ ¼tsusfVd osfj,aV½ gksrk gSA

bu rhuksa oSKkfudksa ds ;qxkardkjh dk;Z ls bl ckr ij eq[; :i ls çdk'k iM+k fd ,d thfor dksf'kdk dSls dk;Z djrh gSA bu oSKkfudksa ds 'kksèk&vè;;uksa ls Mh,u, dh {kfr ;k VwV&QwV dh dSls HkjikbZ gksrh gS]


bldh egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh Hkh gkfly gqbZA dSalj fpfdRlk ds fy, ubZ nokvksa ds fodkl esa Hkh bu ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk oSKkfudksa ds dk;Z dks egRoiw.kZ ekuk tk jgk gSA

lu~ 1938 esa LVkWdgkse] LohMu esa tUes VkWel fyaMky us ØksafyaLdk bafLVV~;wV] LVkWdgkse ls lu~ 1969 esa jlk;u foKku esa ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk çkIr dhA o"kZ 1978&1982 rd og ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ xkWFksucxZ esa vk;qfoZKku vkSj dkf;Zdh jlk;u foKku ds çksQslj jgsA vktdy og Ýkafll fØd bafLVV~;wV esa ,efjVl xzqi yhMj rFkk Dys;j gkWy yscksjsVjh] gSLVQksMZ'k;j] ;wds esa vatke fn, tkus okys dSalj fjlpZ ds ,efjVl funs'kd gSaA

lu~ 1946 es a tUes vesfjdh ukxfjd ikWy ekWMfjd us LVsuQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh] LVsuQksMZ ls lu~ 1973 esa jlk;u foKku esa ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk yhA vktdy og gkoMZ g~;wXl esfMdy bafLVV~;wV esa vUos"kd rFkk vesfjdk ds Mjgke fLFkr M~;wd ;wfuoflZVh Ldwy vkWQ esfMflu esa tSojlk;u foKku ds tsEl ch- M~;wd çksQslj gSaA

,ftt lSadj dk tUe VdhZ ds ykoqj uked LFkku esa lu~ 1946 dks gqvk FkkA VdhZ ds ukxfjd lSadj us ckn esa vesfjdh ukxfjdrk Hkh xzg.k dj yhA mUgksaus lu~ 1977 esa ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ VsDlkl] MYykl ls jlk;u foKku esa ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk yhA vktdy og vesfjdk dh ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ ukWFkZ dSjksfyuk Ldwy vkWQ esfMflu esa tSo&jlk;u ,oa tSo&HkkSfrdh ds ljkg xzkg dSuu çksQslj gSaA

'kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku

'kjhjfØ;kfoKku@vk;qfoZKku esa o"kZ 2015 dk ukscsy iqjLdkj fofy;e dSaicsy] lkrks'kh vkseqjk vkSj ;w ;w rq dks fn;k x;k gSA dSaicsy vkSj vkseqjk dks xksyÑfe ¼jkmaM oeZ½ ijthfo;ksa ls gksus okys laØe.kksa dk bykt [kkstus ds fy, iqjLdkj dh vkèkh jkf'k tcfd ckdh vkèkh jkf'k Vq dks eysfjnk ds bykt lacaèkh [kkst ds fy, nh xbZA

;g lHkh tkurs gSa fd ijthoh vusd fdLe dh chekfj;ka iSnk djus ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrs gSaA fjoj CykbaMusl vkSj fyaQsfVd fQykfjvkfll ijthfo;ksa

ls gksus okyh ,slh gh chekfj;ka gSaA fjoj CykbaMusl] ftldk fpfdRlh; uke vkadksljfl;kfll gS] dkWfu;k esa ØkWfud 'kksFk mRiUu dj varr% vèkaRo dk dkj.k curk gSA fyaQsfVd fQykfjvkfll Hkh ijthfo;ksa ls gksus okyk jksx gS ftlls fo'o Hkj ds dksbZ nl djksM+ yksx çHkkfor gSaA 'yhin ;kuh ,fyQsafVvkfll ,slh gh ,d chekjh gS ftlls iSj Qwy dj Hkkjh vkSj foÑr gks tkrs gSaA tyo"k.k ;kuh gkbMªkslhy Hkh ijthfo;ksa ls gksus okyh chekjh gSA

ePNjksa ls gksus okyh chekjh eysfj;k ,ddksf'kd ijthfo;ksa ls gksrh gS tks 'kjhj dh yky jDr dksf'kdkvksa ij geyk cksyrh gSA blls cq[kkj vkrk gSA jksx ds fcxM+us dh fLFkfr esa efLr"d {kfr vkSj e`R;q rd gks ldrh gSA fo'o Hkj ds 3 vjc 40 djksM+ ls Hkh vfèkd yksxksa esa eysfj;k ls ihfM+r gksus dh laonsu'khyrk ekStwn gksrh gSA gj o"kZ fo'o ds djhc lk<+s pkj yk[k yksx] ftuesa vfèkdrj cPps gksrs gSa] eysfj;k dh HksaV p<+ tkrs gSaA

bl çdkj fo'o ds djksM+ksa yksx ijthfo;ksa ls gksus okyh chekfj;ks a dk f'kdkj curs gSaA blls ns'kksa dks vkfFkZd {kfr ds lkFk&lkFk ekuo'kfDr dk uqdlku Hkh >syuk iM+rk gSA ,sls esa ijthfo;ksa ds fo#) nok dk bZtkn ekuo tkfr dks buls gksus okyh chekfj;ksa ds d"V vkSj nnZ ls u dsoy futkr fnyk ldrh gS cfYd mUgsa vPNs LokLF; dk lkSxkr Hkh ns ldrh gSA

dSaicsy vkSj vkseqjk us ,ojseSfDVu uked nok [kksth ftlds ;kSfxdksa us u dsoy fjoj CykbaMusl vkSj fyaQsfVd fQykfjvkfll ds ekeyksa dks dkQh gn rd de djus esa lQyrk ikbZ cfYd tks


vU; ijthohtU; chekfj;ksa ds fo#) Hkh çHkkoh gSaA

;w ;w rq us vkVhZfeflflu uked nok jksèkh tks eysfj;k ds fo#) cgqr çHkkoh ikbZ xbZA blls eysfj;k ds laØe.k ls yM+us esa enn feyh vkSj eysfj;k ls gksus okyh e`R;q nj esa Hkh deh vkbZA

bu rhuksa oSKkfudksa }kjk [kksth xbZ nokvksa us ekuotkfr dks ijthfo;ksa ls gksus okyh chekfj;ksa ds fo#) ,d 'kfDr'kkyh vL= çnku fd;kA ekuo lsok ds bl egrh dk;Z ds fy, gh bUgsa

bl o"kZ dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çnku fd;k x;k gSA

lu~ 1930 esa vk;jySaM esa tUes fofy;e dSaicsy us ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ Mcfyu ds fVªfuVh dkWyst ls lu~ 1952 esa Lukrd ¼ch,½ dh fMxzh yhA fQj lu~ 1957 wesa mUgksaus vesfjdk dh ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ foLdkfUlu] esMhlu ls ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk gkfly dhA orZeku esa dSaicsy vesfjdk dh M~;w ;wfuoflZVh] esMhlu] U;wtlhZ esa fjlpZ QSyks ,efjVl gSaA

lkrks'kh vkseqjk dk tUe tkiku esa

lkrks'kh vkseqjk ;w ;w rqfofy;e dSaicsy

lu~ 1935 esa gqvkA mUgksaus lu~ 1968 esa ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ VksD;ks tkiku ls vkS"kèk foKku esa ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk yhA fQj lu~ 1970 esa mUgksaus VksD;ks ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ lkbal ls jlk;u foKku esa Hkh ih&,p-Mh- dh mikfèk çkIr dhA vkseqjk o"kZ 1965&1971 rd fdrklkrks ;wfuoflZVh] tkiku esa vUos"kd vkSj o"kZ 1975&2007 rd çksQslj jgsA lu~ 2007 ls vkseqjk fdrklkrks ;wfuoflZVh esa çksQslj ,efjVl gSaA

phu esa lu~ 1930 esa tUeh ;w ;w rq us lu~ 1955 esa chftax esfMdy ;wfuoflZVh ds QkesZlh foHkkx ls Lukrd dh mikfèk yhA o"kZ 1965&1978 rd rq pkbu ,dsMseh vkWQ VªsfM'kuy pkbuht esfMflu esa lgk;d çksQslj] o"kZ 1979&1987 rd la;qDr çksQslj rFkk lu~ 1985 ls çksQslj ds in ij jghaA lu~ 2000 ls rq blh ,dsMseh esa çeq[k çksQslj gSaA

MkW- iznhi dqekj eq[kthZ] ¼vlksf'k,V izksQslj] HkkSfrdh] ns'kca/kq dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;½] 43] ns'kca/kq lkslkbVh] 15] iViM+xat] fnYyh&110092 bZ&esy % [email protected]


¼i`"B 18 dk 'ks"kka'k½ --- tSo mipkj }kjk /kkfRod iznw"k.k fuokj.k

tkrk gSA ;g lLrh rduhd gSA bl rduhd }kjk Hkwfexr ty Hkh 'kq) jgrk gSA bl izfØ;k dk bLrseky djds i;kZoj.k ls gkfudkjd dpjs dh ek=k dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA

lw{ethoksa dh vi?kVu {kerk dk igys iz;ksx’kkyk esa ijh{k.k dj fy;k tkrk gSA ftl txg ij ;g dk;Z laiUu gksrk gS ml ekè;e esa bysDVªkWuxzkgh] lw{ethoksa dh o`f) ds fy, iks"kd rRoksa dks yxkrkj miyCèk djkrs jgrs gSaA bl dk;Z esa vU; dkjdksa tSls rkieku ih-&,p-] lkanzrk Hkh fuf’pr jguh pkfg,A dpjs esa eD;wZjh] vklsZfud] ysM vkfn mifLFkr jgrs gSa tks vi?kVu dh izfØ;k esa leL;k mRiUu djrs gSaA ;g vi?kVu izfØ;k èkheh gS] vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ka u jgus ij lw{etho dpjs dks fo?kfVr ugha dj ikrsA

csgrj ifj.kke ds fy, bathfu;jh rduhd dk bLrseky djds Ñf=e <ax ls rS;kj fd;k gqvk ra= cukdj ckgj ls vkWDlhtu] iks"kd rRo] bysDVªkWuxzkgh dh vkiwfrZ djds dpjs dks fo?kfVr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;g izfØ;k mijksDr dh vis{kk vfèkd izHkkoh gSA

nwljh izfØ;k esa fdlh vU; LFkku ij gkfudkjd dpjs dks ys tkdj

lw{ethoksa dh lgk;rk ls fo?kfVr fd;k tkrk gSA blds varxZr Bksl] nzo] xSl lHkh izdkj ds dpjs dks vi?kfVr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g dk;Z [kqys LFkku ds vykok can LFkku ij Hkh dj ldrs gSaA bl izfØ;k esa igys dpjs dks NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa rksM+k tkrk gS] fQj lHkh vko’;d rRoksa dks feyk dj vi?kVu dh izfØ;k dks 'kq: fd;k tkrk gSA vi?kVu ds le; ikuh] ih-&,p-] vdkcZfud rRo vi?kVu dh izfØ;k dks c<+krs gSaA

tyh; ikSèkksa dh fofHkUu iztkfr;ka fo"kkDr Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dk vo’kks"k.k dj ty dks 'kq) djrh gSaA Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dh fujkdj.k izfØ;k dks dbZ dkjd izHkkfor djrs gSa tSls&èkkrqvksa dk ?kuRo c<+us ds lkFk fujkdj.k {kerk esa deh vkrh gSaA tyh; ck;ksekl dh ek=k o izÑfr] mlds rFkk fodkl dh voLFkk Hkh fujkdj.k izfØ;k dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k gS fd ?kqfyr inkFkZ /kkrq nwljh èkkrqvksa dh vis{kk de vo’kksf"kr gksrh gSA de ?kqyu’khy èkkrq ftldk ih-&,p- 7&9 dh jsat esa gksrk gS] vklkuh ls gVkbZ tk ldrh gSA Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk Hkh fujkdj.k izfØ;k dks izHkkfor djrh

gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ Øksfe;e ¼III½ dh ek=k 70&90 izfr’kr rd de dh tk ldrh gS tcfd Øksfe;e ¼VI½ vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk dsoy 20 izfr’kr gh nwj dh tk ldrh gSA foys;’khy dhysfVax ,tsaV tSls QfYod ,flM] º;wfed ,flM o bFkkbfyu Mkb,ehu VsVªk,lhfVd ,flM èkkrq fujkdj.k dh ek=k de djrs gSa D;ksafd èkkrq bu fyxSaM ds lkFk vklkuh ls ladj ;kSfxd cuk ysrs gSaA

ikSèkksa rFkk lw{ethoksa }kjk fo"kkDr inkFkksZ a dk fujkdj.k] ckº;dksf’kdh; lrg }kjk vo’kks"k.k rFkk varjdksf’kdh; lrg }kjk xzg.k gksrk gSA ikS/kksa }kjk Hkkjh èkkrq ds vo’kks"k.k dh xfrdh nks pj.kksa esa iw.kZ gksrh gSA izFke pj.k esa vo’kks"k.k izfØ;k foy;u ds laidZ esa vkrs gh vfr rhoz xfr ls 'kq: gks tkrh gSA izkjafHkd pj.k yxHkx 60 feuV esa iw.kZ gksrk gSA bls fuf"Ø; vo’kks"k.k dgk tk ldrk gSA ;g fØ;k dksf’kdk lrg }kjk HkkSfrd vfèk’kks"k.k ,oa vk;u fofue; }kjk gksrh gSA f}rh; pj.k èkheh o yach izfØ;k gksrh gS rFkk dbZ fnuksa rd lrr pyrh jgrh gSA f}rh; voLFkk lfØ; fØ;k gS tks dksf’kdk dh mikip;h fØ;kvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA



gSaA gkbMªksdkcZu dks rksM+us ds fy, cSDVhfj;k dk feJ.k bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA bu cSDVhfj;k dks Ik;kZIr ek=k esa ukbVªkstu vkSj QkWLQksjl nsrs jgrs gSaA bl dk;Z ds fy, vfèkdrj cSflyl cSDVhfj;k dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

gky gh esa gq, 'kksèk ls ;g irk pyk gS fd tM+&eaMy ¼jkbtksfLQvj½ esa ik, tkus okys lw{etho Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dh ?kqyu'khyrk vkSj miyCèkrk c<+krs gSaA ¶ykbZ,'k ls mipkfjr enk esa mxk, x, VkbQk ysVhQksfy;k ds tM+&eaMy ls iFkd dh xbZ cSDVhfj;k iztkfr;ka ftad] eSaxuht] vkbju] dkWij] rFkk dSMfe;e dks ?kqyu'khy djus esa l{ke ikbZ xbZ gSaA isfuflfy;e Lih-] ih- ikWfyfeDlk] ,LiÆtyl Lih-] vkFkksZcSDVj] cSflyl ykbdsuhQkfeZl] cSlhyl Fkwjsatsafll cSflyl LVsjksFksEiksfQyl] ¶y so k s c S DV h fj;e] L; wM k se k su kl ] lsØksekblht] LVªsIVksekblht] VªkbdksMekZ] vkfn lw{etho tSo&mipkj gsrq mi;ksxh ik, x, gSaA fudV Hkfo"; esa vU; Hkkjh èkkrqvksa ds fu"dklu esa bl tSo&mipkj i)fr }kjk ldkjkRed ifj.kke izkIr gksus dh vk’kk dh tkrh gSA

MkW- fnus'k ef.k] Mh-fQy-] Mh-,l&lh-] çksQslj] jlk;u foKku foHkkx] bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;] bykgkcknbZ&esy % [email protected]

vkWlhysVksfj;k] QkjesfM;e] Likb#fyuk vkfn½ tks dbZ egRoiw.kZ ;kSfxdksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa TkSls&dSjksfVukbM] QSVh ,flM] fyiksisIVkbM] ikWfylSdsjkbM vkSj vU; ck;ks,fDVo ;kSfxdA ;fn bu ck;ks,fDVo ;kSfxdksa dk lgh rjhds ls fu"d"kZ.k dj lgh bLrseky fd;k tk, rks ;g ekuo lekt ds fy, vR;fèkd ykHknk;d gksxkA fo'ks"kdj lk;ukscSDVhfj;k dSalj ds bykt ds fy, egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA vktdy lk;ukscSDVhfj;k ls mRikfnr ck;ks,fDVo ;kSfxd ¼tSls&MksykfLVu] D;wjklhu] fØIVksQkblhu] ,izksVkWDlhu½ dk iz;ksx dSalj dk mipkj djus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA Qkbdkslk;fuu vkSj Mkb,lkbyfXyljksy V~;wej dh o`f} dks jksdrs gSa tks fd ikuh esa vklkuh ls mxus okys ,Qsuksftfeuksu vkSj QkWjehfM;e ls fudkys x, gSaA jDr dSalj ds mipkj ds fy, fdzIVksQkblhu ;kSfxd tks fd ukWLVkd ls fudkyk x;k gS] ij 'kksèk tkjh gSA

isVªk s fy;e vkSj blds mRikn gkbMªksdkcZu dgykrs gSa] ftlesa tkbysUl] uS¶FksyhUl] vkWDVsUl] dSaQj vkfn ;fn Ik;kZoj.k esa mifLFkr jgrs gSa rks iznw"k.k mRiUu djrs gSA cgqr ls lw{etho tSls&L;wMkseksukl] dkuhZcSDVhfj;k vkSj dqN dod gkbMªksdkcZu dks rksM+ nsrs

ty ls fo"kkDr Hkkjh èkkrqvksa ds fujkdj.k ds fy, tyh; ikSèkksa dk p;u muds vklkuh ls o`f) djus rFkk ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj muds mi;ksx ij fuHkZj djrk gSA tyh; ikSèkksa tSls&tydqaHkh] vkbiksfe;k ,DosfVdk] lsYosfu;k eksysLVk] MdohM vkfn }kjk Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dk ty ls fujkdj.k cgqr gh izpfyr fofèk gSA

Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dk vo’kks"k.k er dod rarqvksa ds }kjk Hkh gksrk gSA oSKkfudksa us irk yxk;k gS fd O;kolkf;d rkSj ij miyCèk jsftu dh vis{kk jkbtksil ,jkbtl esa 20 xquk vf/kd vo'kks"k.k {kerk gksrh gSA jklk;fud xfrdh }kjk ;g n’kkZ;k x;k gS fd 10 feuV dh vofèk esa 90 izfr’kr èkkrq dk vo’kks"k.k gks tkrk gSA

Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] fnYyh es a ,LiftZyl ysUVqyl dod ds }kjk vkS|ksfxd vif’k"V inkFkZ@nzo ls dkWij èkkrq ds fu"dklu lacaèkh ifj.kke mRlkgtud jgs gSaA

lw{ethoh nqfu;k esa lk;ukscSDVhfj;k ,d ,sls tho lewg gSa] tks ck;ks,fDVo ;k Sfxdk s a ds foiqy mRiknd gS aA ;s ;kSfxd dbZ tSfod xfrfof/k;ka ¼ck;ks,fDVfoVht½ fn[kkrs gSaA dbZ lk;uk sc SDVhfj;k ¼tSl s&,ukchuk] ukWLVkd] ekbdzksflfLVl] fyafXc;k]


n`f"V ckf/krksa ds O;k;ke gsrq ubZ

rduhdsa# j?kqcj nÙk fj[kkM+h

,d rjQ mM+us okys Mªksu midj.kksa dks èofu jfgr djus ds iz;kl py jgs gSa ogha uokpkjd bl /ofu dk bLrseky n`f"V ckfèkrksa dks O;k;ke djus dh lqfoèkk nsus vkSj ,sls f[kykfM+;ksa dh eSnku esa lgk;rk djus gsrq dj jgs gSaA vesfjdk ds jsuks esa ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ usoknk ds dEI;wVj lkbal ds vlksf'k,V izksQslj bZYds QksYej us Mªksu dk ,d izksVksVkbi uewuk rS;kj fd;k gS tks n`f"V ckfèkr f[kykfM+;ksa vFkok vU; O;k;ke djus okyksa dks eSnku ds VªSd esa fcuk fdlh dh enn ds fy, nkSM+us esa lgk;rk djrk gSA

bl Mªksu esa nks dSejs yxs gSaA buesa ls ,d eSnku dh VªSd ykbu ij n`f"V yxk, jgrk gS vkSj nwljk nkSM+us okys dh deht ij yxs ,d fo'ks"k fu'kku ij ut+j xM+k, jgrk gSA ;g Mªksu nkSM+us

vkfo"dkj vkSj uokpkj

okys ds flj dh mapkbZ ij gok esa rSjrs gq, viuh /ofu ds }kjk nkSM+us okys dk ekxZn'kZu djrk gSA ;g èkkod ls ges'kk nl QqV vkxs jgrk gSA èkkod dh xfr ds vuqlkj ;g viuh xfr cuk ysrk gS vkSj èkkod ds #dus ij Lo;a dks fLFkj dj ysrk gSA lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls bldks ,d Qkse ds vkoj.k esa j[kk x;k gS rkfd fdlh ls Vdjkus dh fLFkfr esa mls pksV u yxsA

vkt n`f"V ckfèkrksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, dbZ midj.k rS;kj gks pqds gSa fdarq bu yksxksa dks 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke djus ds fy, l{ke djus gsrq dksbZ

O;oLFkk ugha gSA urhtk ;g gksrk gS fd ;s yksx vko';d dSyksjh tykus yk;d Je djus ls oafpr jgrs gS aA ,d losZ{k.k ¼vesfjdu tuZy vkWQ fizosfUVo esfMflu½ ds vuqlkj vesfjdk esa lkeF;Zoku yksxksa esa gj rhu esa ls ,d eksVkis dk f'kdkj gksrk gS] tcfd 'kkjhfjd vleFkZrk okys

yksxksa esa gj nks esa ls ,d eksVkis dks idM+ ysrk gSA bl Mªksu dh enn ls ,sls yksx Hkh 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke djds vius dks fQV j[k ldsaxsA

n`f"V ckf/krksa dks 'kkjhfjd :i ls fØ;k'khy djus gsrq dbZ vkSj ;qfDr;ka Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSaA okf'kaxVu ; w fuofl ZVh d s dEI; wVj lkb al Lukrd dkbyh jSDVj us us=foghu ;ksx ¼vkbt Ýh ;ksxk½ uked ,d iz.kkyh dk fodkl fd;k gS ftlesa ekbØkslkW¶V dkbusDV uked ,d ;qfDr dk bLrseky gksrk gSA ;ksx fØ;kvks a ds nkSjku vH;kldrkZvks a dks funsZ'k feyrs jgrs gSaA mUgsa irk yxrk gS fd ogka ij mudks 'kjhj ds vaxksa dks fdruk vkSj fd/kj eksM+uk vFkok jksduk gSA ijh{k.k ds nkSjku dqN mi;ksxdrkZvksa us viuh ilan dh fofHkUu ;ksx fØ;kvksa dks bl iz.kkyh esa 'kkfey djus dh Qjekb'k j[khA

j?kqcj nÙk fj[kkM+h] 14&bZ] ikWdsV&I] Qst&I] e;wj fogkj] fnYyh&110091bZ&esy % [email protected]

RNI-No. 21740/71Postal Regd. No. DL(S)-01/3188/2015-17

Date of Publication : 30 November 2015Date of Posting: 3-4 December 2015

jkèkkdkUr vaFkoky }kjk us'kuy fjlpZ fMosyiesaV dkjiksjs'ku [oSKkfud vkSj vkS|ksfxd vuqlaèkku foHkkx] foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dk m|e]] 20&22 te:niqj lkeqnkf;d dsaæ] dSyk'k dkWyksuh ,DlVsa'ku] ubZ fnYyh&110048 dh vksj ls izdkf'kr o eqfær ,oa vkbZ- th- fizaVlZ izk- fy-] 104] Mh-,l-vkbZ-Mh-lh- dkWEiysDl] vks[kyk baMfLVª;y ,fj;k] Qsl&I] ubZ fnYyh&110020 ls eqfærA laiknd % jkèkkdkUr vaFkoky

(Total 52 Pages)

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Enforcing Core Assets Consultancy Services for Patent Searches IP Portfolio Audit Leaveraging IP through Licensing

IP Awareness Program

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