Kiribati Adaptation Program Phase III (KAP III) Abbreviated...

_____________________________________________________ ARAP: KAPIII WATER ABSTRACTION AND SUPPLY SYSTEMS DRAFT 5 1

Kiribati Adaptation Program Phase III (KAP III)

_________________________________________

Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

for

Component C1.1: Groundwater Abstraction and Supply

Systems

_________________________________________

March 2015

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RP1137 v2


Table of Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... 5

1. Description of the Project ..................................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Brief description of KAP III .................................................................................................................. 6

1.2 Description of Component C1.1 Groundwater abstraction and supply system................................. 6

1.3 Description of activities that will cause loss of land, assets or elements of an individual’s livelihood

.................................................................................................................................................................. 7

2. Description of the Project Area ............................................................................................................ 8

2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 8

2.2 Geography .......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.3 Demographics ................................................................................................................................... 15

3. Census of Affected Persons and Inventory of Assets ......................................................................... 16

3.1 Persons and assets affected by the gallery ...................................................................................... 16

3.2 Socio-economic profile of affected persons ..................................................................................... 18

3.2.1 Socio-economic profile of affected persons, Notoue ................................................................ 18

3.2.2 Socio-economic profile of affected persons, Tabonibara ......................................................... 19

3.2.2 Socio-economic profile of affected babai pit owners ............................................................... 19

3.3 Summary of socio-economic impacts ............................................................................................... 20

4. Consultation with Affected Persons ................................................................................................... 21

4.1 Background information regarding community consultations ........................................................ 21

4.2 Summary of community engagements undertaken ......................................................................... 22

4.3 Summary of future planned community engagements ................................................................... 23

4.4 Summary of process for disclosing ARAP ......................................................................................... 24

5. Institutional Responsibilities for Delivery of Compensation .............................................................. 24

6. Voluntary Land Use Donation............................................................................................................. 27

7. Compensation ..................................................................................................................................... 28

8. Procedure for Complaints Reporting and Resolution ........................................................................ 31

9. Implementation Reporting and Monitoring ....................................................................................... 31

10. Timetable and budget .................................................................................................................... 33

10.1 Timeframe for disclosure of ARAP and payment of compensation ............................................... 33

10.2 Source of funds ............................................................................................................................... 34

Annex A: Maps showing location of infiltration galleries ........................................................................... 35

Annex B: Maps showing all households and wells ..................................................................................... 41


Annex C: Compensation Rates for Removal of Trees ................................................................................. 43

Annex D: Record of assets affected by the Water Protection Zone ........................................................... 45

Annex E: Results of social survey ................................................................................................................ 73

Annex F: Process used to identify location for galleries ........................................................................... 105

Annex G: Information regarding changes made to the selection of the site where there was not

agreement by landowners, or there were disputes ................................................................................. 107

Annex H: Summary of community engagements undertaken ................................................................. 109

Annex I: Brochures giving information on infiltration galleries ............................................................... 117

Annex J: Sheet for recording weight of babai .......................................................................................... 122

Annex K: Forms for Payment of Compensation ....................................................................................... 123

Annex L: Template for Voluntary Land Use Agreement ........................................................................... 124

Annex M: Grievance Procedures: ............................................................................................................. 141

Annex N: Complaint Record Form ............................................................................................................ 146


List of Acronyms

ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

CAGE Community engagement expert

CASE Community engagement support expert

CELO Community engagement liaison officer

CET community engagement team

COMO Communications and media officer

IHC Immaculate Heart College

KAPII Kiribati Adaptation Program Phase II

KAPIII Kiribati Adaptation Program Phase III

KUC Kiribati Uniting Church (note until 2014 this was known as the Kiribati Protestant Church or KPC)

LMD Lands Management Division

MELAD Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development

MIA Ministry of Internal Affairs

MISA Ministry of Internal and Social Affair (note this Ministry has since been broken up into two

separate Ministries)

MPWU Ministry of Public Works and Utilities

PUB Public Utilities Board

SWE Senior Water Engineer

WB World Bank

WPZ Water Protection Zone

WT: Water Technician


1. Description of the Project

1.1 Brief description of KAP III

The project development objective of the KAPIII project is to ‘Improve the resilience of Kiribati

to the impacts of climate change on freshwater supply and coastal infrastructure’. The project

will achieve this objective by:

Improving water resource use and management through reducing leakage and wastage

in the existing PUB supply, increasing yield from rainwater harvesting, constructing 2

infiltration galleries on North Tarawa, improved asset management and strategic

planning by local agencies in water engineering, and developing a methodology for

community engagement to underwrite future management of water reserves,

Increasing coastal resilience to storm waves and flooding by implementing both hard and

soft mitigation solutions including seawalls, mangrove planting and beach nourishment.

Strengthening the capacity to manage the effects of climate change and natural hazards

by providing dedicated support to the Strategic Risk Management Unit in the Office of

the President and other responsible agencies, developing and implementing a national

coastal management policy framework and engaging technical Ministries and sub-

national authorities and communities in preparation and funding of locally managed

adaptation plans (LOMAPs).

Project management, monitoring & evaluation.

1.2 Description of Component C1.1 Groundwater abstraction and supply system

Water Infiltration Galleries are to be constructed at two villages on North Tarawa (Notoue and

Tabonibara) to sustainably abstract potable water from the water lens. The water will be pumped

from the infiltration gallery to an overhead tank (using a solar pump), and distributed via gravity

feed to about 16 tapstands throughout the village (one tapstand for each about 3 or 4

households).

The objective of these systems is to supply drinking quality water for all the people living in the

village (water will not be exported to any other village). They will only provide sufficient water

for potable purposes (about 20L/person/day). They are not meant to replace existing water

supplies (dug wells and rain water) or significantly increase the total available water supply. The

primary purpose of these galleries is to ensure villagers have ready access to water that is non-

saline in times of extended drought1, i.e. the galleries are primarily intended to augment the

1 This is intended both to address the current needs and as a climate change adaptation measure.


existing water supplies and provide water security in dry periods. The secondary purpose is to

provide access to a source of water with reduced potential pollution levels2.

1.3 Description of activities that will cause loss of land, assets or elements of an

individual’s livelihood

The infiltration gallery at Notoue is to be 90m long, and the gallery at Tabonibara is to be 72m

long. A Water Protection Zone (WPZ) is to be established around these galleries, with activities

that may pollute the water lens being prohibited inside this zone3. The land inside the WPZ is to

be cleared of all vegetation. The WPZs around the galleries at Notoue and Tabonibara are 120 x

30m and 103x 30m respectively (see maps in Annex A).

The Water Protection Zone will be fenced off with several strands of ordinary (not barbed)

fencing wire. The primary purpose of this fence is to demarcate the water protection zone. The

type of fence will allow anybody to cross through the land at any point. Several gates will be

installed to facilitate the transit of persons who are carrying goods. The area surrounding the

well head, with associated pump, solar panel, and fittings, will be fenced off with a more secure

fencing to prevent ready access of unauthorised persons. This securely fenced off area is unlikely

to be larger than 3 metres by 3 metres.

As these galleries will be running along the length, and not the width, of the island, they will

transect multiple land plots (7 at Tabonibara, and 12 at Notoue, although there are only 11

different land ownership titles involved at Notoue).

Babai pits within 50m of the gallery will also be infilled.

A temporary access track will be established to allow trucks and machinery to enter the site

during construction. This will not be built up as a road, though it may be necessary to clear the

land and remove several trees if it is not possible to find a wide enough path between the trees.

This track will only be temporary, as it is not considered necessary to have a permanent access

road to the site (motorbikes can be used to bring any items that will be required for maintenance

and repair, and motorbikes do not require a fixed road).

2 As the water will not be treated, the quality of the water will depend upon whether the surrounding area is kept free from contaminants. Intensive community education will be undertaken to ensure villagers understand the importance of this, but enforcing it will be left to them. Ultimately the project cannot guarantee that the water will be potable, and thus the official recommendation must always remain that the water abstracted from the galleries should be boiled.

3 The following activities are forbidden within the WPZ: any type of housing or shelter, whether local or permanent; going to

the toilet; installing further wells; burial of people; burial of animals; keeping of any animals; babai pits; pandanus pits; banana pits; pits of any other kind; gardening, whether it be flowers, vegetables, or other crops; use of fertiliser; planting of any type of trees; use of machinery; use of chemicals; dumping of rubbish; sand or gravel mining; digging up the land for any purpose; any other activity which might result in the pollution of the water.

The only activity allowed on the land is passing through the land to get to the other side.


Overhead tanks will be constructed next to community maneabas, so loss of land incurred by the

building of these tanks will not interfere with any individual’s property.

Communal tapstands will be constructed on private property, with the agreement of the

landowners. These tapstands will not occupy a significant space, and will be located such that it

is not necessary to remove any trees, buildings, crops, or any other asset or element that may

affect the person’s livelihood or access to their property.

Underground pipes will be laid between the galleries and the overhead tanks, and the overhead

tanks and the tapstands. Where possible they will be laid beside the road. However where it is

necessary for them to be laid on private land, they will be laid around large trees, and the path

selected will be such that it causes minimal disruption to the land. The land will be restored after

the pipes have been laid, but no plants will be replanted directly above or beside the pipeline.

2. Description of the Project Area

2.1 General

The two villages affected by this project are Notoue (note there are a number of different

spellings used for this village, with Nooto often being commonly used as well), and Tabonibara,

both of which are on Tarawaieta (commonly known in English as North Tarawa) (see map in

Annex A). Abaokoro is the “capital” of Tarawaieta, with the Council and government offices being

located here. Notoue is the first village north of Abaokoro, and Tabonibara the second village

south.

Notoue and Abaokoro can only be accessed from South Tarawa by boat across the lagoon, as

there is no road linking Tarawaieta with South Tarawa. However there is a road linking

Tabonibara to the very north of Tarawaieta.

There is a Catholic boarding school, Immaculate Heart College (IHC), at Taborio, which is the

northern “suburb” of Notoue. This school caters for both male and female boarders, as well as

day students, of all religions, in Forms 4 through to 6. The teachers and their families also live

within the school compound. The infiltration gallery to be constructed under this project will not

supply water to this school, as their potable water needs are met through an infiltration gallery

constructed on school land under the KAPII project.


2.2 Geography

As can be seen from the maps given in Annex A, the gallery at Notoue is to be at the southern

end of the village, and the gallery at Tabonibara at the northern end of the village. Ideally the

galleries would be located where the water lens is thickest4, as far away from houses as possible,

in areas where there are no babai pits, and near the centre of the village (the latter is to minimize

pumping and piping requirements). However in reality a compromise had to be made because

these conditions were often contradictory, and there was the added complication of obtaining

the voluntary agreement of all the affected landowners and babai pit owners5, and ensuring

there were no land boundary disputes between neighbouring plots of land. As a result of this,

several sites were considered before the final sites were selected.

Land is traditionally owned in strips from lagoon to ocean. If a family divides the land up, it is

generally divided length-wise, so that both of the strips will still extend from the ocean to the

lagoon. Some land strips are very narrow after frequent sub-dividing, (some being only several

metres wide), but will be quite long (400 – 600m long for the villages being considered here). All

12 of the land plots at Notoue, and the 7 at Tabonibara, on which the water protection zone cuts

across, are strips owned from lagoon to ocean.

It can be seen from the maps in Annex A that in Notoue, the gallery is over 100m from the nearest

house, and over 200m from most houses. In Tabonibara the gallery is also about 100m from

houses.

The land in the centre of the island, on which the galleries are to be built, is very scrubby, though

if landowners are regularly tending their land the scrubby bushes will not be as prevalent (see

Figure 1 through to Figure 6 for photos showing different aspects of the land).

4 Contour maps of the water lens were obtained under KAPII using an EM-34 Geonics meter.

5 Babai pits have a legal status of their own, and are generally registered with the Lands Court. Babai pits are not always owned

by the same person who owns the land - they may have inherited the babai pit, been gifted it, or bought it. One can inherit or be gifted or buy a babai pit without inheriting or buying the land on which it is built, and if the babai pit is infilled, the Babai pit owner will not have any entitlement to the land on which the babai pit used to be. If the babai pit is not owned by the land owners, the babai pits owners do not pay lease for the land.


Figure 1: The WPZ at Notoue, from one of the corner posts. Note the thicknessof te mao on this plot of land, while the pandanus and coconuts are not particulalrly dense.

Figure 2: The WPZ at Notoue, from the opposite end of the gallery to the previous photo. Note the te mao on this plot of land is not particularly dense. The pandanus and coconuts are generally well spread.


Figure 3: Land in the WPZ at Notoue.

Figure 4: Land at northern end of gallery at Tabonibara


Figure 5: Looking at corner post at southern end of Tabonibara WPZ

Figure 6: Land in middle of WPZ, Tabonibara


The only types of plants that grow on the land where the infiltration galleries are to be built that

are listed in the Government Approved Compensation Rates for Trees, Crops and Building

Structures (8th September 2011), as given in Annex C, are the coconut and the pandanus. The

other three types of vegetation that are very common in this area, but are not compensable

plants, are te mao, te uri, and a ground creeper.

The primary uses of these plants are as follows:

Coconut trees:

- the water from a young coconut can be drunk (note that coconut milk is not a staple

drink, but rather is mainly used as a treat, for guests, as a weaning drink for babies, and

for the sick). Because there is a shortage of coconuts on South Tarawa, people living on

North Tarawa can sell drinking coconuts to South Tarawa;

- the flesh from a mature coconut can be used for copra, (some people on North Tarawa

sell it for copra, but many sell them for drinking);

- the outer husk of the coconut can be made into string;

- the “sap” from the spathe can be tapped for toddy, which is a common staple. It can

also be fermented to make alcohol, or made into vinegar, or boiled down to a thick syrup.

Some persons cut more than is required for their domestic use and sell the various

products produced from it;

- the leaves can be used for coarse mats (good quality mats are made from pandanus

leaves), for making baskets, for the “blinds” that are used as walls on local sleeping

houses, for roofing on many local houses, as baskets placed around babai plants during

the mulching process, for making decorations for feasts and special events, and the

midribs are used for such things as home-made brooms and as a building material;

- Note that the trunk of the coconut tree rots easily unless it is dipped in the sea. It is

widely used in making local houses;

- Various parts from the young leaves to the roots are used in traditional medicines.

Because the coconut tree provides almost everything an I-Kiribati person needs, from

shelter to food to medicine to money, the I-Kiribati people call it the tree of life

Pandanus trees:

- the fruit can be eaten. While it is often eaten as more of a “dessert” than a staple, and

is highly desired in community feasts, the fruit can also be cooked and processed to

make a variety of dishes which can be preserved as a food supply for times of need.

There is also a large market for pandanus on South Tarawa;

- the leaves can be used for thatch for good quality roofing, for weaving mats, bags and

various handicrafts and decorations, and for making local cigarettes. It is also used for


compost when it decays. These days there is a large market on South Tarawa for such

products, especially thatch;

- the trunks of a tall straight pandanus make a very good building material, and are

generally used for the posts and beams of a maneaba, as well as family sized homes;

- the hanging roots can be used for making kiakias and partitions for local houses. It is

also widely used in local medicine.

Te mao

- The flower is used for ceremonial purposes, for medicine and for body oil

- Leaves are used for much for babai plants

- The wood is used for firewood

- Wood is used for construction of cook-houses and other such smaller structures (not used

for construction of living house).

Te uri

- The flower is used for ceremonial purposes, for medicine and for body oil

- The wood is used for firewood

- Wood is used for construction of cook-houses and other such smaller structures (not used

for construction of living house).

- Trunks of very large trees are used for posts for local houses, especially houses built over

the sea (note that there are no very large uri plants on the land that is to be cleared for

the galleries).

The ground creeper is not used in any way.

The trees in the area are generally self-propagated rather than having been deliberately planted,

though this does not take away from their being used for livelihood purposes. The coconuts and

pandanus are generally fairly spread out, as can be seen from the photos.

There are a number of babai pits at Notoue near the galleries (see Section 3), but none at

Tabonibara. Many of the babai pits near the gallery are effectively abandoned (see Section 3).

Apart from these activities, the land in this area is not used for any other food, livelihood, living,

recreational or other purposes.


2.3 Demographics

The population break-down for the two villages, as given in the 2010 census data, is given in

Table 1. Note though that the break-down given for Notoue includes the boarders and staff at

Immaculate Heart College.

Table 1: Population break-down for Tabonibara and Notoue, 2010 census

Total <1 1 2-5 6-14 15-17 18-49 50-69 70+

Nooto total 814 14 11 69 140 120 377 68 15

Male 399 9 8 30 77 49 187 34 5

Female 415 5 3 39 63 71 190 34 10

Tabonibara total 363 13 13 38 96 13 156 31 3

Male 190 10 10 18 53 9 72 16 2

Female 173 3 3 20 43 4 84 15 1

A household count of Notoue was undertaken by the community engagement team in early

2014, in order to determine how many persons the water supply system was to service (this was

not undertaken as part of the socioeconomic survey). They found that in the village of Notoue

“proper”, there were 68 households, with a total population of 377, of whom 174 were children

(as defined by the person they interviewed), and 203 were adults.

The community engagement team determined the GPS co-ordinates of all houses in Notoue and

Tabonibara. These are shown in the maps given in Annex B.

Apart from population figures, data from the 2010 population census is not generally

disaggregated at the village level. Data for North Tarawa as a whole will be significantly

influenced by data for Buota, as the population of Buota comprises 24% of the population of

North Tarawa. Buota is technically part of North Tarawa, but because it is connected to South

Tarawa via road links it is much more urban in nature than the remainder of North Tarawa. As a

result of this the people of Buota will have many more possibilities than the people in the

remainder of North Tarawa in terms of employment and access to goods and services. Therefore

the census data for North Tarawa regarding such items is not considered to be representative of

the reality in either Notoue or Tabonibara.


At both Notoue and Tabonibara there are very limited opportunities for paid employment. The

primary employers are the schools and the Council. Most people live at what could be described

as subsistence-level. Someone in the family would catch fish for daily consumption, and

sometimes for sale if such a market exists (as most families catch their own fish there is not a

large market within the village). They would also collect coconuts, wood etc. from the land. Some

people would obtain some income from the sale of copra, and increasingly on North Tarawa,

from thatch, as well as from other locally made products.

The census report does not give the break-down of ethnicity by island, but for Kiribati as a whole,

89.5% of the population are classified as I-Kiribati; 3.9% as I-Kiribati/Tuvaluan; 5.7% as I-

Kiribati/other; 0.1% as Tuvaluan; and 0.8% as other. Most of the “others” probably live on South

Tarawa. No “others” are known by the project team to live in either Tabonibara or Notoue. It

should be noted that only I-Kiribati are allowed to own land in Kiribati.

For North Tarawa as a whole, 71.2% of the population claim to be Catholic, 20.0% Kiribati

Protestant Church (note in 2014 the Kiribati Protestant Church changed its name to Kiribati

Uniting Church, KUC), 4.8% Mormon, 1.8% Bahai, and the reminder of the population as

comprising various other religions.

8.8% of the population over the age of 3 claim they have never been to school (it is not known

how many of these are aged 3-6 years old).

3. Census of Affected Persons and Inventory of Assets

3.1 Persons and assets affected by the gallery

Note that

1. The only assets affected by the galleries are trees and babai pits.

2. The ownership of all land affected by the WPZs is registered and up-to-date, with the

exception of one plot of land where the land owner has died since the land registrations

were updated in 2014.6

3. All boundaries of land affected by the WPZs have been finalized and surveyed. There are

no known disputes either unresolved or pending at either Tabonibara or Notoue.

6 The CET are currently assisting the heirs to this plot of land to update the land registration, and a court date has been set.


4. All trees in the WPZ are to be removed. As the trees are within surveyed boundaries, their

ownership is not contested.

5. The access “road” (it is only intended this will be a temporary track to allow necessary

equipment to access the site) will almost certainly be totally built on the land of the

people who own the land on which the WPZ is to be built. If it becomes necessary to

remove trees to build the access road, it will probably be possible to determine whose

land the tree is on by running a string from the boundary stones at the main road to the

surveyed boundaries at the WPZ, though thick bush may make the running of this string

difficult.

6. It is considered unlikely that trees will have to be removed to lay the pipeline – as PE pipe

will be used, the pipe will be able to be run around most trees. However if it is necessary

to remove a tree for a pipeline then the village will be asked to arbitrate as to who’s land

the tree is on.

7. There are seven babai pits that the project would like to infill. Only one of these is within

the WPZ itself – the rest are outside the WPZ but within 50m of the gallery, hence would

be likely to affect the smell of the water.

8. Babai pits are not necessarily owned by the person whose land they are on. The

ownership of the babai pits to be infilled is not contested, even though in most cases they

are not formally registered. However there is one babai pit that is owned by two separate

persons (Tebike and Terabwena). They claim the boundary between their sections of the

pits is the same as the boundary of their land, and this land boundary is being contested.

9. When babai pits are not well tended, pandanus tends to self-propagate very prolifically

in the pits, probably because the mud in the pit makes a good growing agent. Thus

neglected pits are often extremely thick with trees (the size of the trees depending on

how long the pit has been neglected for). These trees will need to be removed.

10. Two of the babai pits will not be completely infilled, as they extend beyond what is

believed to be the region where they will affect the pumped water.

11. The project does not yet have the agreement of the owners of two of the babai pits to

infill them. The babai pits will not be forcibly infilled. One of the babai pits is to be infilled

more as a precautionary measure, so it is believed that it should not affect the water even

if it is not infilled. Another babai pit is behind the gallery. It would be highly desirable to

infill this pit, but if this cannot be done the project will still proceed. One of the other

babai pits is behind one of these pits, and there would be no point in infilling it if the pit

in front of it cannot be infilled.


Details of assets affected by the WPZs are given in Annex D. Please note however that the babai

itself is measured by weight of the root, so this will not be able to be obtained until the plants

are dug up when the pits are to be infilled. The babai will only be weighed if the babai is to be

sold, rather than replanted in a new pit.

3.2 Socio-economic profile of affected persons

The purpose of the socio-economic profiling was to determine how significant the loss of land

and assets for the construction of the infiltration galleries would be to land-owners, and to

anyone else who uses the land. The socio-economic profile is thus limited in its scope.

In many cases the land is owned by a number of siblings, and in some cases siblings from several

families. Interviews were undertaken only with one representative from each family, and they

were asked for details regarding their siblings.

In many cases the landowners do not live on the land affected by the WPZs, or in the village, and

are effectively socially and economically disconnected from their land on North Tarawa. The land

is only a source of income to a person who lives in the village. Landowners who do not live on

the land will not be directly affected economically by what happens to the land. When the

community engagement team was facilitating the updating of the land registrations and the land

boundary determinations, a number of land owners stated that this was the first time either in

their lives or in very many years that they had returned to their land, and they were grateful to

the KAPIII project for facilitating this.

In cases where a landowner does not live in the village, the landowner will often appoint a

caretaker for the land. The caretaker is somebody who already lives in the village, and would

normally have land of their own in the village. The caretaker is an unpaid position, although he

has a right to use the coconuts, leaves etc. from the land in return for taking care of the land (e.g.

keeping the number of bushes that can be considered to be weeds under control). Where there

was a caretaker, interviews were undertaken with this person.

In a number of cases the landowner does not live in the village, and there is no caretaker

appointed. In these cases nobody uses the land. People unrelated to a land owner would not live

on or use another person’s land without the permission of the landowners, even if there is no-

one living on the land and no caretaker.

The results of the socio-economic survey are given in Annex E.

3.2.1 Socio-economic profile of affected persons, Notoue

As can be seen from the tables given in Annex D and Annex E, in Notoue:


- Twelve plots of land are affected by the WPZ. Two plots of land are owned by the one

landowner;

- Six of the land plots are owned by individuals, with the remaining 6 having multiple land

owners;

- People only live on four of the land plots;

- Six of the land plots are being used by landowners to supply coconuts etc. Five plots of

land have designated caretakers, which in at least one case is a relative. One of the land

plots is not being used by the landowners, and there is no official caretaker appointed,

although the land appears to be being used by a relative;

- In no case does the WPZ affect more than about 7% of the area of a single plot of land.

- Only one person felt that the loss of land would have much significance on their

livelihood. This person collects many coconuts from the land, but as there are only 7

coconut bearing trees that will be removed from his land, he may not be aware of the

small number that are to be removed.

3.2.2 Socio-economic profile of affected persons, Tabonibara

As can be seen from the tables given in Annex D and Annex E, in Tabonibara:

- Seven plots of land are affected by the WPZ;

- Two of the land plots are owned by individuals, with the remaining 5 having multiple

land owners;

- There is nobody living on any of the land plots;

- Only one of the land plots are being used by landowners to supply coconuts etc. Two of

the land plots had a caretaker appointed, although in one case the caretaker died in early

2015 and has yet to be replaced. The other four land plots are not being used by anybody;

- In no case does the WPZ affect more than about 9% of the area of a single plot of land;

- Nobody felt that the loss of land would have much significance on their livelihood.

3.2.2 Socio-economic profile of affected babai pit owners

Of the seven babai pits that are to be affected by the WPZ,


- four are currently not being worked and are in fairly poor condition, with none to very

few babai, generally large numbers of self-propagated pandanus which are choking the

pit, and walls which are collapsing; two pits are not being regularly worked, and do not

have as many babai as would a pit that is being actively worked, the babai are not

mulched, and there are leaves etc. fallen into the pits; and one of the pits is well tended.

- All of the pits contain the type of babai that is for everyday consumption, rather than the

type that is used for feasts and which can therefore be sold for income. None of the babai

pit owners said that they sell their babai.

- The project does not yet have the agreement of the owners of two of the babai pits to

infill them. The babai pits will not be forcibly infilled. One of the babai pits is to be infilled

more as a precautionary measure, so it is believed that it should not affect the water even

if it is not infilled. Another babai pit is behind the gallery. It would be highly desirable to

infill this pit, but if this cannot be done the project will still proceed. One of the other

babai pits is behind one of these pits, and there would be no point in infilling it if the pit

in front of it cannot be infilled.

- All babai pits owners who have agreed to have their pits infilled want a replacement pit

dug.

- One of the babai pits is jointly owned by two persons. Two separate pits will be dug as

replacements – one for each person.

- One of the owners has two pits that are to be infilled. He will be given the choice of two

small pits of the same size, or one larger pit.

- It should be noted that the Babai beetle, which destroys the Babai plants, has recently

been found on North Tarawa. In 2014 it was found at Tabonibara, and at a number of pits

at Abaokoro. There is great concern at Notoue, which is very close to Abaokoro, that the

Babai beetle will infest their Babai pits as well. There is apparently no means of killing the

Babai beetle, and once a pit has been infested, it seems there is no option but to abandon

the pit.

3.3 Summary of socio-economic impacts

One aspect of land ownership that was not picked up in the tables given in the annexes was that

land ownership gives a certain status to landowners, even if they are absentee landowners. It

gives them “full membership” of a village, and gives potential security for the future. As the


project does not affect the land ownership (it is the use of the land, not the land itself, that is

being donated for the infiltration galleries), this will not be affected by the project.

Only four of the 19 land plots have people actually living on them, and the area that will be used

for the galleries is in the centre of the land, where nobody lives.

The effect for landowners will rather be on the number of coconut and pandanus trees that will

be removed. In no case will more than 10% of a land plot be affected by the gallery. Only one

land user felt that the removal of trees would affect his livelihood, but only seven coconut

bearing trees are to be removed from his land. The community engagement team noted that

while people using the land emphasized the importance of coconuts and copra to their income,

very few people appear to be trying to increase or even sustain their yield by planting new trees

to replace old and non-productive trees, as was done in the past.

The persons who use the land are not notably poorer than any other persons in the village, and

do not appear to suffer from any particular social disadvantage.

A number of babai pits will be affected. The babai growing in the pits is not the type of babai that

is sold, but is rather that used for everyday consumption. Only one of the babai pits is being

regularly worked. There is still uncertainty as to whether three of these pits will be infilled, as the

project is still waiting on the agreement of two of the owners. All other babai pit owners want

replacement pits dug. It seems that in most cases the pits have a greater value as both a status

symbol and future insurance rather than meeting current needs or income.

It can therefore be concluded that the project will not have a major impact on the livelihood of

any person, and certainly well below the 20% threshold that the World Bank requires.

4. Consultation with Affected Persons

4.1 Background information regarding community consultations

It was originally intended that three infiltration galleries be constructed under the Kiribati

Adaptation Program Phase II (KAPII) project. The three villages offered a gallery were Notoue,

Tabonibara and Nabeina. However Nabeina turned down the offer of a gallery, almost certainly

because they were concerned that water would be exported from their gallery to South Tarawa,

despite assurances that this would not happen. Both Notoue and Tabonibara were desirous of a

gallery, and preliminary efforts were undertaken to identify a location for the galleries. However

it quickly became apparent that there was insufficient time remaining under the KAPII project to

resolve the land issues, and insufficient budget to build the 2 galleries. These 2 galleries were

thus transferred to the KAPIII project, and the villages were informed of this.


Negotiations with the two villages were not resumed under KAPIII until October 2013, after the

CAGE and CASE were engaged. In the meantime though, on occasional social visits undertaken

to North Tarawa by the Senior Water Engineer, she would be questioned by unimane from the

villages as to when/if the galleries would be installed. It was obvious to her that the villages still

wanted these projects to go ahead. This was affirmed in the first meetings held with the villages

under KAPIII, in October 2013.

The community engagement team then began the process again of identifying and making

contact with land owners. The process used to identify the final sites for the galleries, culminating

in the signing of voluntary land use agreements by the landowners, is given in Annex F. It should

be noted that this process was streamlined with experience.

It was explained to land owners that their voluntary agreement to the gallery being constructed

on their land was being sought, without the payment of leasing fees by the government. A

number of land owners did not agree to these voluntary agreements, as detailed in Annex G. As

the galleries cut across multiple land plots, it only required one land owner to refuse to have the

gallery construcyed on their land for the whole gallery to be moved. Thus in some cases even

though the informal agreement of some land owners was obtained, the final location for the

gallery is not on their land because it became necessary to locate the gallery elsewhere.

4.2 Summary of community engagements undertaken

Extensive community engagements have been undertaken to date under both KAPII and KAPIII.

This community engagement took several forms:

- Open meetings to which all members of the village were invited, at which information on

the water supply and delivery systems was discussed with the villagers;

- Discussions with unimane, village councillors and/or other village representatives to

discuss land ownership, update them on progress or issues, ask for their advice etc. (note

that sometimes as a result of these meetings the village representative would inform the

village as to what was happening, or mobilise the village such as to clear boundary lines,

or take other such action);

- Village representatives were always invited to be part of the process when looking for a

new site, pegging out the site, counting trees etc.

- Discussions with landowners and babai pit owners. These were held with individual

landowners, generally in their houses, rather than as a group. Landowners who live in the

village would also have been part of other community engagements, but landowners on

South Tarawa would not have been party to other community engagements. A number

of visits were made to each individual landowner, depending on circumstances and issues

arising, to inform the person(s) of the project, and to discuss land registration and


boundary determinations. The CET also assisted with transport for land owners living on

South Tarawa for land registrations and boundary determinations where this was asked

for. Landowners who lived on Kiritimati Island and overseas were contacted via a

combination of email, and through members of the Kiribati community living in that area

(note none of the landowners living overseas or on Kiritimati ultimately gave agreement

to the gallery being built on their land without lease payments, so the site for the gallery

was shifted so that it is not on their land);

- Discussions with local caretakers of land, where there were such positions. These were

generally informal, although they were surveyed for the socio-economic analysis.

- Informal discussions with persons in the village, which generally occurred when members

of the team were looking at the site, undertaking surveys, looking for persons in the

village, waiting (be it waiting for land boundary determinations, for other members of

the team, for someone in the village, for rain to pass, or other reasons), having lunch etc.

Some members of the team sometimes socialised at night in the villages, and some

sometimes stayed in the villages as well. These forms of community engagement were

not documented, but were important in building relationships and trust, and keeping a

range of people informed as to what was happening.

- Phone calls were sometimes made between visits to clarify issues or regarding

arrangements, and sometimes the MPWU water technician in North Tarawa would visit

someone at the request of the CET for these purposes.

All community engagements were undertaken in the Kiribati language, with any input from

non-Kiribati speakers being translated if required (translations were given at all community

meetings, and where necessary in meetings with individuals).

A summary of all community engagements undertaken to date is given in Annex H. A copy of

brochures given to the communities is given in Annex I.

4.3 Summary of future planned community engagements

The following is a summary of the general community engagement activities that have been

identified as still being required. Please note that some of these activities will require multiple

visits, but that level of planning has not yet been undertaken.

(i) Ongoing to keep the community updated as to progress.

(ii) Discussions as required for the disclosure of the ARAP (see Section 4.4).

(iii) Discussions with communities over the planning stages, particularly to finalise the

locations of the tapstands, and to get the community’s input into the designs.


(iv) Further discussions with babai pit owners and obtain their signatures to agreements

for infilling of pits.

(v) Discussions with affected persons to obtain their signature on agreements regarding

approval for pipe, tapstands, tankstands, and a temporary access road.

(vi) Discussions with landowners regarding compensation, and payment of

compensation.

(vii) Working with the communities to establish operations and maintenance committees.

(viii) Undertaking training in operations and maintenance

(ix) Undertaking WASH education.

4.4 Summary of process for disclosing ARAP

(i) Once the English version of the ARAP are approved by both the Government and the

World Bank, Sections 3, 5, 7 and 8 of this document will be translated into the Kiribati

language.

(ii) The ARAP will be explained to members of the Eutan Tarawa Council, as well to the

both of the communities at a village meeting.

(iii) All landowners affected by the galleries will be individually notified to advise them of

the ARAP.

(iv) Two copies of the complete English versions of the ARAP, as well as the translated

sections, will be left with each of the Village Councillors, another copy will left at the

Council Office in Abaokoro, and another copy will be available at the KAPIII office at

Bairiki.

5. Institutional Responsibilities for Delivery of Compensation

Note that compensation payments are one-off compensation to be paid by the project for the

removal of trees and the infilling of babai pits. No further or on-going compensation shall be

paid for the loss of any assets, or continued use of the land.

1. The KAPIII Project Management Unit (PMU) will be the responsible agency for all

compensation payments.

2. All payments are to be made by KAPIII personnel. Payments made on South Tarawa shall

be made by the KAPIII Accountant. These shall be witnessed by, at the minimum, a

member of the Community Engagement Team, a senior staff member of KAPIII, and by a

representative from MELAD and the MIA.


3. For payments made on North Tarawa, the CAGE or CASE shall make the payments. They

shall be witnessed by, at the minimum, a representative from the ETC, a representative

from MELAD, and a representative from MPWU (water technician).

4. Payments to land owners on North Tarawa shall be made at the ETC Office at Abaokoro,

unless otherwise agreed with land owners. Payments to land owners on South Tarawa

shall be made in the KAPIII office.

5. Any requests for exceptions regarding time and place of payments based on

extraordinary circumstances will be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

6. If there is any dispute regarding who the monies should be paid to, the money will be

deposited in an escrow account established for this purpose, and the MELAD will be asked

to administer this.

7. Compensation for trees that are within the Water Protection Zone (WPZ):

(i) A date shall be set for payment of compensation for trees to be removed from

the WPZ, that is within two weeks after the required disclosure period for the

ARAP.

(ii) After the ARAP has been disclosed, landowner representatives shall be notified in

person regarding the date on which compensation payments will be made. They

will be asked to nominate whether they wish to receive payment at North Tarawa

or South Tarawa (payments at these two locales will be made on two different

days). If land owners wish to collect payment on another date, they must make

arrangements with the CAGE.

(iii) Payment shall be made in one or tranches, depending on the landowner’s

preference. Both tranches will be paid before the trees are cut down.

8. Compensation for trees that are outside the WPZ.

(i) It cannot be determined until construction is underway if it will be necessary to

cut down any trees outside the WPZ.

(ii) Trees will not be cut down without the landowner’s agreement.

(iii) Payment will be made to the landowner at their residence or other agreed

location as soon as possible after it is determined that the tree needs to be


removed, and after receiving their agreement (it may take several days to

physically organise for the money to be able to be given to the landowner).

9. Compensation for babai pits.

(i) All persons eligible to receive compensation payments for babai pits (see Section

7) shall be visited in person by the CET, and asked to sign a form nominating

whether they wish to receive compensation as cash, or in the form of a

replacement babai pit.

(ii) Where compensation for babai pits is to be paid in cash, payment for the infilling

of the pit shall be made at the same time as payment for the removal of trees

from the WPZ. Again owners will be notified in person, and given the choice of

receiving payments on North or South Tarawa.

(iii) Compensation for the babai themselves cannot be made until the babai plants are

dug up, as compensation is based on the weight of the root.

(iv) When the babai is dug up, it shall be weighed immediately, in the presence of the

babai pit owner or their representative, a Government representative, a KAPIII

representative, and at least one independent witness. Both the babai pit owner

(or their representative), and the KAPIII representative, shall accept the scales

used – if either party objects to the scales, then another set of scales shall be

obtained. The weight of each babai shall be recorded and witnessed on the Form

given in Annex J. A copy of the record will be given to the owner of the babai pit

or their representative.

(v) Payment for the babai will be made to the babai pit owner within 1 week of

removal of babai (or as otherwise negotiated with the owner).

(vi) Where compensation is to be in the form of a replacement babai pit, this shall be

dug at the same time that the construction is underway.

10. The person receiving the payment shall sign a copy of the appropriate Form upon

receiving payment, and this shall be witnessed by 2 persons, (KAPIII personnel shall not

be deemed eligible witnesses) who must physically witness the money being paid. A copy

of the Form is given in Annex K. Different forms shall be prepared for the different

payment scenarios, e.g. different tranches, payment for trees in WPZ, babai pits etc.

11. The Form shall be scanned and copied. The original shall be kept with the KAPIII, and a

copy given to the person receiving compensation, and another copy given to the Court


Clerk at Abaokoro, and another copy to the Land Division of MELAD. The scanned copy

shall be kept on file with other documents relating to the community engagements.

12. The amounts paid shall also be recorded by the Accountant.

13. A monthly report shall be prepared by the CET detailing what compensation payments

have been made to date, when they were paid, who they were paid to, where paid, what

payments are still owing, and any comments. These shall be collated on a 6 monthly basis

and be included in the KAPIII 6-monthly report.

6. Voluntary Land Use Donation There is currently no legal framework which is readily applicable to restrict land use practices

undertaken in the area near the infiltration galleries that are to be constructed at Notoue and

Tabonibara. While “Water reserves” have been declared on Bonriki, Buota and Kiritimati Island

to protect water intended for household reticulation to multiple villages, it is not believed that

declaring the area around an outer island water abstraction system as a Water Reserve is the

most appropriate mechanism for their protection, because these KAPIII systems:

are only intended to supply water to the immediate community - it is not intended

that water should be exported to or shared with other villages;

generally require less than 10% of the area of the land to be declared as a protected

area, whereas the water reserves generally occupy more than 75% of the area of the

land plots;

will be limited in the amount of water that is pumped from the lens, in order to ensure

that other crops near the WPZ are not affected by the pumping;

will be operated by the village.

Therefore Voluntary Land Use Agreements were used to secure the protection of the area. As

described earlier, all land and babai pit owners were given the option of withholding their

consent, which some did (see details given in Annex G). In signing the agreement, landowners

accepted that they would likely never receive lease payments for the use of the land. The

agreements pertain to the use of the land; there is no change of ownership over the land. A copy

of the form of the Voluntary land Use Donation agreement is given in Annex L (Kiribati language

format, which is the format that was signed by land owners and hence is the official version).

This form was signed by the landowner, certified by a representative from both the Ministry of


Lands and the Ministry of Public Works and Utilities, and witnessed by a relative or other person

close to the landowner, as well as a Councillor from the Village and an Unimane from the village.

However concern has been raised that while the current land owners have voluntarily agreed to

the installation of the gallery on their land, and the prohibition of polluting activities within a

30m area of the gallery, their descendants may not agree with the conditions of the agreement,

and as the agreement has no legal standing it can’t be enforced. It is therefore proposed that to

ensure the permanent protection of the land surrounding the infiltration galleries, a new form

of legal instrument (a “Water Protection Zone” (WPZ)) be established which is more appropriate

for protection of small scale outer-island village water supply systems where the water is only to

be used within the village. This would potentially differ from a Water Reserve in terms of how

land owner agreement is obtained; access to the protected area; leasing arrangements;

payments for leasing; management mechanisms; who has responsibility for the protected area;

monitoring responsibilities; ensuring drawdown is not excessive; and penalties for misuse of the

land. At present however the issue is with the Government as to whether or not to proceed with

drawing up this form of legal mechanism.

7. Compensation

1. Compensation for trees that are within the Water Protection Zone (WPZ).

(i) The number of these trees to be removed is already established, as per Section

3 of this document.

(ii) It is also legally established who owns the land that each of these trees grows

on.

(iii) The compensation shall be paid at the rate given in the Government Approved

Compensation Rates for Trees, Crops and Building Structures (8th September

2011) 7, as given in Annex C. These compensation rates were proposed my

MELAD after an extensive review that took into account market values and

replacement costs. These rates are used by government, and by other projects

including the Kiribati Road Rehabilitation Project.

7 These rates were recommended by MELAD after an extensive review of the previous rates. These rates are used by other WB and ADB projects.


(iv) The compensation owed has already been agreed to by the landowners as per

the Voluntary Land Used Agreements signed on the 25 October 2014.

(v) In accord with standard MELAD practices for the payment of lease monies

(which is followed by most projects including the KRRP), the compensation

shall be paid to the owners mentioned by name on the land registration. That

person will then be responsible for sharing the money with any siblings who

are registered as mtmm. The share of the money among siblings is a mutual

arrangement within families, and the Lands Division does not enter into this,

and neither wil the KAPIII. If there are disputes between the siblings, they

must take the issue to the Court, and the Court will rule on the amount to be

given to each landowner.

(vi) If there is any dispute brought to the attention of the KAP team before the

money is paid out, then the money shall be given to MELAD, and MELAD shall

be asked to be responsible for the payment of this in accord with the Court’s

rulings. If the dispute arises after the compensation has been paid, the money

is to be paid back to MELAD in accord with standard practice. The government

uses what they refer to as a below-the-line-account, into which such monies

are deposited while awaiting a Court’s ruling on the distribution of

compensation payments.

2. Compensation for trees that are outside the WPZ.

(i) It may be necessary to remove a number of trees that are outside the WPZ. It

is not believed that it will be necessary to remove any trees for the installation

of the pipeline, tanks or tapstands, and such trees will only be removed if

absolutely necessary, after every effort has been made to consider a

reasonable alternate. It may well be necessary though to remove a number of

trees when making a track to enable construction vehicles to access the WPZ

site, or to aces the sites to infill existing babai pits or construct new babai pits.

Again every effort will be made to find a suitable path around the trees. The

trees to be removed will not be known until the construction is being

undertaken.

(ii) If the trees are on land that the galleries are to be on, it may be possible to

establish ownership of the trees by running a string line from the boundary

stone at the road to the boundary marker at the WPZ. However the thickness

of the bush and the prevalence of babwai pit and other factors may make this

difficult.


(iii) Where it is not possible to establish whose land a tree is on, then the

caretakers of the adjoining land will be asked whose land they believe the tree

falls on. If they agree, then payment shall be made to the landowner whose

land the tree is on. If they do not agree, then if the sum is very small ($2 or

less) payment shall be made equally to the two neighbouring landowners.

Otherwise the money shall be placed in an escrow account, and MELAD shall

be asked to administer it.

(iv) Any tree to be removed must be formally recorded in a Register kept for this

purpose, which will include the type of tree, and the approximate GPS co-

ordinates (note most GPS only record to within several metres).

3. Compensation for babai pits.

(i) While ownership of the babai pits is not legally registered, it does not appear

to be contested.

(ii) Ownership of babai pits appears to be vested in only one person.

(iii) Most babai pit owners want replacement pits dug. The replacement pits will

be dug to the same area (or fractionally larger) as the original pit. The project

will offer to replant any plants that are growing in the babai pit that is to be

infilled, in the replacement babai pit.

(iv) It is believed that the only likely case where compensation might be contested

is the babai pit belonging to Tebike and Terabwena. However they both want

replacement pits dug (a separate pit will be dug for each, rather than a

combined pit). They will be asked to mark out where they believe the

boundary lies along the existing pit. It is believed that the contested area is

only about 0.3m wide. The replacement babai pits will be dug to the area that

each is claiming (so the total area of the two new pits will be slightly larger

than the area of the one existing pit), so neither person will have any cause

for complaint. There are very few babai in the existing pit, and they are in very

poor condition. If the two owners cannot agree on the distribution of these

plants then the plants will be weighed, and the money for compensation

placed in an escrow account until the boundary has been determined.


8. Procedure for Complaints Reporting and Resolution

The process for dealing with grievances is given in Annex M.

If the project is still on-going when the complaint arises, the complaint should be brought

to the attention of a member of the KAPIII team on North Tarawa. They will assist the

Complainant to file a written letter of Complaint.

If the project is not on-going, or the Complainant is not satisfied with the response of the

KAPIII team, or do not wish to report their complaint directly to the KAPIII team, they can

lodge their complaint with their Village Councillor, who will then deliver it to the Council

Clerk.

The Complainant is free to bring a supporter or adviser with them in lodging their

complaint.

Formal complaints should preferably be given in writing. If they are made orally, every

assistance will be given to the Complainant to ensure the written record of their

complaint is accurate.

Any complaints or grievances raised with KAPIII shall be formally recorded in the Register

of Complaints kept by the Assistant Project Manager. The format to be used for recording

complaints or grievances, and the steps taken to address them, is given in Annex N.

It is expected that the complaint will be made in the Kiribati language. An English

translation of the complaint shall be made and kept in the Register of Complaints.

Any complaints shall be brought to the attention of the Project Manager, the Director of

MELAD or MPWU as appropriate, the Engineer, and members of the Community

Engagement Team as appropriate.

The Complainant will be notified in writing of the outcome of their complaint.

Any complaints or grievances received, and steps taken to address them, will be collated

on a 6 monthly basis and be included in the KAPIII 6-monthly report.

9. Implementation Reporting and Monitoring


Responsibility for reporting and monitoring of the ARAP shall lie with the Project Manager. He

may deputise specific tasks required in preparing the reports to appropriate persons employed

under the KAPIII.

Formal village representatives such as unimane have been kept informed of the status of the

project on a regular basis, and their advice has been sought by the project where there have

been issues or uncertainties in how to best proceed. Such persons are actively invited and

encouraged to witness and monitor the payment of compensation, and will continue to be

informed of the status of the project.


10. Timetable and budget

10.1 Timeframe for disclosure of ARAP and payment of compensation

Note that the disclosure period of the ARAP has not yet been confirmed. This below is based on a 6 week disclosure period.


10.2 Source of funds

All costs associated with the community engagaments, disclosure of the ARAP, and

payment of compensation, will be met by the KAPIII project funds, as explained in

Table 2: Source of funds

Expense Budget item (KAPIII

project)

Cash compensation payments Compensation

Replacement of babai pits Works contract for

installation of system

Consultation costs (e.g. maneaba costs) Community engagament

Travel and per diem costs for all memebrs of team

undertaking consultations and payment of compensation

Community engagament

KAPIII personnel costs Individual personnel

contracts

Overhead expenses (e.g. photocopying, printing) PMU office operating

expenses

35

Annex A: Maps showing location of infiltration galleries

Figure 7: Google Earth map of Tarawa showing location of villages where groundwater abstraction and delivery systems are to be constructed

36

Figure 8: Google earth map of whole of Notoue, with yellow pins showing extent of the Water Protection Zone, green pins showing the boundaries between land owners, and the white line showing area that is not to have babai pits.

37

Figure 9: Google earth map showing detail of Water Protection Zone at Notoue, with yellow pins showing extent of the Water Protection Zone, green pins showing the boundaries between land owners, and the white line showing area that is not to have babai pits.

38

Figure 10: Google earth map showing detail of Water Protection Zone at Notoue, with white lines showing extent of the Water Protection Zone, yellow lines showing the boundaries between land owners, and the red shapes showing the extent of babai pits that are to be infilled.

39

Figure 11: Google earth map of whole of Tabonibara, with yellow pins showing extent of the Water Protection Zone, green pins showing the boundaries between land owners, and the white line showing area that is not to have babai pits.

40

Figure 12: Google earth map showing detail of Water Protection Zone at Tabonibara, with yellow pins showing extent of the Water Protection Zone, green pins showing the boundaries between land owners, and the white line showing area that is not to have babai pits

41

Annex B: Maps showing all households and wells

Figure 13: Map of all households and wells, Notoue.

Legend:

house.

Well salinity < 1mS/cm

Well 1mS/cm ≤ salinity <2mS/cm

Well 2mS/cm ≤ salinity <2.5mS/cm

Well salinity≥ 2. 5mS/cm

42

Figure 14: Map of all households and household wells, Tabonibara

Legend:

house.

Well salinity < 1mS/cm

Well 1mS/cm ≤ salinity <2mS/cm

Well 2mS/cm ≤ salinity <2.5mS/cm

Well salinity≥ 2. 5mS/cm

43

Annex C: Compensation Rates for Removal of Trees

45

Annex D: Record of assets affected by the Water Protection Zone

Notes regarding land ownership in North Tarawa as it affects the water abstraction and

supply systems to be constructed under KAPIII:

It must be noted that customary land ownership practices and law in Kiribati vary from island

to island. The following only refers to North Tarawa.

1. All land is privately owned – there is no government land.

2. Land boundaries are generally marked at the road (usually with a rock). Traditionally

land boundaries were marked at several points along the length of the land, but the

full boundaries were not marked. Sometimes coconut trees were planted to mark the

boundaries, but sometimes the land owners are not really sure of the exact

boundaries of their land towards the centre of the island. The original boundaries

between land plots would not have been straight lines, and land boundaries would

not have been parallel. However when land boundaries were determined for the

WPZs, land owners agreed to have straight boundaries that were parallel. Thus their

land boundaries were in some cases changed from what they traditionally believed to

be their land boundaries.8

3. Everyone in the village knows in general terms who’s land is who’s at the road. There

may be disputes about the boundaries of the land (arguments about land boundaries

are often in the order of 0.3 – 1m), but the name of the family who own the land is

generally well agreed (any disagreements about ownership are usually by distant

members of the family who believe they also have a claim to the land).

4. Babai pits have a legal status of their own, and are sometimes registered with the

Lands Court. Babai pits are not always owned by the same person who owns the land

- they may have inherited the Babai pit, been gifted it, or bought it, or it may be on

land that was once part of that person’s land. One can inherit or be gifted or buy a

Babai pit without owning the land on which it is built, and if the Babai pit is infilled,

the Babai pit owner will not have any entitlement to the land on which the Babai pit

used to be. If the Babai pit is not owned by the land owners, the Babai pits owners do

not pay lease for the land.

Notes regarding the determination of the co-ordinates for the Water Protection Zone

8 Note that the KAPIII project only facilitated the organisation of the land boundary determinations, and had no input into the determinations themselves.

46

1. The land boundaries beside the road were determined by the Magistrates Court at

North Tarawa. In keeping with traditional practice, stones were planted at these

boundaries.

2. A point along the boundary between two of the plots of land, towards the middle of

the island, was determined by the Magistrates Court at North Tarawa.

3. All land owners agreed that their land boundaries would be straight lines, parallel to

this one determined boundary.

4. Surveyors from MELAD then surveyed the co-ordinates of the galleries. They

cemented lengths of pipe in place at the corners of the WPZ, and at the intersections

of the WPZ with the different land plots (see Figure 16).

5. The surveyors from MELAD also found the co-ordinates of the affected babwai pits,

and their depths.

Notes regarding the counting of trees within the Water Protection Zone

1. String was run from peg to peg at the corners where the WPZ instersected the land

boundaries, so that the boundaries of each person’s land were clearly delineated (see

Figure 16).

2. A tree was counted as being on a person’s land if the trunk was growing from that

person’s land, even if most of the tree leaned into another person’s land. There were

several cases where a tree was growing exactly on the boundary, and in these cases

the tree was counted twice, as being in both person’s land.

3. The process used in the tree count was to have a team of at least three persons, of

whom at least one was from MELAD with the other members being from KAPIII

(community engagement personnel and/or the SWE), the MPWU (water technician),

and/or MIA. One person went from tree to tree and read the GPS co-ordinates of the

tree. A second person recorded the co-ordinates, and what classification the tree was

(in discussion with the team if there was any doubt). A third person then marked the

tree with spray paint to show that it had been counted, and nailed a small metal

plaque to the trunk where possible (young trees without a trunk did not have a surface

to which a plaque could be nailed). Note GPS co-ordinates were taken on a Garmin

GPS which had an accuracy of only about 3 - 4m. Thus several trees close together will

have the same co-ordinates. The GPS co-ordinates are not accurate enough to

determine who’s land the trees are on – they were merely recorded to give a general

“feel” for the location of the tree.

47

The co-ordinates of the water protection zone as it crosses the boundaries of each affected

land plot are given in Table 3 and Table 4 for Notoue and Tabonibara respectively. These

tables also give the number of trees in the water protection zones. The trees were classed

into the various categories given in the Government Approved Compensation Rates for Trees,

Crops and Building Structures (8th September 2011), as given in Annex C. The list of babai pit

owners at Notoue affected by the gallery at Notoue is given in Table 5. Note there are no

babai pits affected at Tabonibara.

Figure 15: Markers showing that a tree has been counted and recorded

48

Figure 16: Markers showing land boundaries and boundaries with WPZ

Marker showing end

corner of WPZ (will

form corner of fence)

Marker showing

intersection of land

boundary with

boundary of WPZ

Marker showing

intersection of land

boundary with

boundary of WPZ

Srring lines running

across WPZ marking

land boundaries

49

Table 3: List of land owners and trees affected by water protection zone at Notoue

Legally Registered Landowners

Plot Number and name

Co-ordinates of water protection zone

Number of trees to be removed from water protection zone Total compensation

due9 (AUD) Longitude (E)

Latitude (N)

Coconut: Fruit bearing

Coconut: Non-fruit bearing with trunk

Coconut: Non-bearing without trunk top

Pandanus tree: Fruit bearing

Pandanus tree: non bearing

Pandanus tree: newly planted

Terabwena Kirata ma Kn Tarina ae Kaiuea Kirata mm ao Nei Kaitakia Tataua

261a Teabanaine

173° 0' 40.51404"

1° 30' 53.362944"

5 0 30 3 0 2 $573

173° 0' 39.59568"

1° 30' 53.044139"

173° 0' 39.70368"

1° 30' 52.653262"

173° 0' 40.6206"

1° 30' 52.975156"

Nei Bukaieta Mwemwenikarwa mtmm

262a Bareariki

173° 0' 39.70368"

1° 30' 52.653262"

7 6 27 4 0 0 $1,002

173° 0' 40.6206"

1° 30' 52.975156"

173° 0' 40.80096"

1° 30' 52.320949"

173° 0' 39.88368"

1° 30' 52.000776"

N. Kabo Taniera

262e Bareariki

173° 0' 40.80096"

1° 30' 52.320949"

1 0 10 6 6 7 $443

9 Calculated based on rates given in the Government Approved Compensation Rates for Trees, Crops and Building Structures (8th September 2011), as given in Annex C.

50






Latitude (N)







173° 0' 39.88368"

1° 30' 52.000776"

173° 0' 39.96648"

1° 30' 51.70054"

173° 0' 40.88376"

1° 30' 52.01978"

Nei Banin Kananoua

262i Bareariki

173° 0' 39.96648"

1° 30' 51.70054"

0 2 1 2 4 8 $240

173° 0' 40.88376"

1° 30' 52.01978"

173° 0' 40.96584"

1° 30' 51.722039"

173° 0' 40.04964"

1° 30' 51.399716"

Tianuare Mannarara mtmm

262o/2 Bareariki

173° 0' 40.96584"

1° 30' 51.722039"

1 0 3 1 2 1 $162

173° 0' 40.04964"

1° 30' 51.399716"

173° 0' 40.13892"

1° 30' 51.076321"

173° 0' 41.0544"

1° 30' 51.400141"

51






Latitude (N)







Tekina Baikieta

262o/1 Bareariki

173° 0' 40.13892"

1° 30' 51.076321"

0 0 3 5 9 5 $367

173° 0' 41.0544"

1° 30' 51.400141"

173° 0' 41.14296"

1° 30' 51.07824"

173° 0' 40.22748"

1° 30' 50.755129"

Bwebwe Titabo mtmm ao Ingiraua Tekaai mtmm

263a Kabeiati

173° 0' 41.14296"

1° 30' 51.07824"

1 1 11 1 5 10 $284

173° 0' 40.22748"

1° 30' 50.755129"

173° 0' 40.30128"

1° 30' 50.488164"

173° 0' 41.21712"

1° 30' 50.80838"

Ioane Toara mtmk ana kauaei Toara

263e/2 Kabeiati

173° 0' 40.30128"

1° 30' 50.488164"

2 0 3 0 1 4 $189

173° 0' 41.21712"

1° 30' 50.80838"

52






Latitude (N)







173° 0' 41.25312"

1° 30' 50.677888"

173° 0' 40.33764"

1° 30' 50.355392"

Banuera Berina

263e/1 Kabeiati and 264a Nonoa

173° 0' 41.25312"

1° 30' 50.677888"

12 3 15 0 2 1 $1,149

173° 0' 40.33764"

1° 30' 50.355392"

173° 0' 40.5396"

1° 30' 49.624474"

173° 0' 41.45436"

1° 30' 49.946818"

Kokoria Taukaban mtmm.

264e/2(1/2) Nonoa

173° 0' 40.5396"

1° 30' 49.624474"

3 3 21 0 0 0 $402

173° 0' 41.45436"

1° 30' 49.946818"

173° 0' 41.53248"

1° 30' 49.662878"

173° 0' 40.61772"

1° 30' 49.340578"

Na. Teraim Taukaban

264e/1(1/2) Nonoa

173° 0' 41.53248"

1° 30' 49.662878"

0 0 1 0 0 0 $2

53






Latitude (N)







173° 0' 40.61772"

1° 30' 49.340578"

173° 0' 40.635"

1° 30' 49.278442"

173° 0' 41.55012"

1° 30' 49.598593"

Table 4: List of land owners and trees affected by water protection zone at Tabonibara

Legally Registered Landowner

Plot Number

and Name



due10 (AUD)

Longitude (E)

Latitude (N)

Coconut: Fruit

bearing

Coconut: Non-fruit bearing

with trunk

Coconut: Non-

bearing without

trunk top

Pandanus tree: Fruit

bearing


Pandanus tree:

newly planted

Teea Tebana 301e Amoange

173° 1' 52.08672"

1° 29' 0.1148892"

8 5 2 0 0 0 $844

10 Calculated based on rates given in the Government Approved Compensation Rates for Trees, Crops and Building Structures (8th September 2011), as given in Annex C.

54


Plot Number

and Name



due10 (AUD)

Longitude (E)

Latitude (N)

Coconut: Fruit

bearing


with trunk

Coconut: Non-

bearing without

trunk top


bearing


Pandanus tree:

newly planted

173° 1' 51.33432"

1° 28' 59.496514"

173° 1' 51.09672"

1° 28' 59.825104"

173° 1' 51.86424"

1° 29' 0.4235964"

Moevasa Kirimaua

301a Amoange

173° 1' 51.09672"

1° 28' 59.825104"

2 0 1 0 0 4 $166

173° 1' 51.86424"

1° 29' 0.4235964"

173° 1' 51.6846"

1° 29' 0.6719244"

173° 1' 50.91528"

1° 29' 0.0760704"

Arawaia Moiwa mm

300i/3 Temauri

173° 1' 51.6846"

1° 29' 0.6719244"

3 0 6 0 3 5 $314

173° 1' 50.91528"

1° 29' 0.0760704"

173° 1' 50.64708"

1° 29' 0.4470144"

55


Plot Number

and Name



due10 (AUD)

Longitude (E)

Latitude (N)

Coconut: Fruit

bearing


with trunk

Coconut: Non-

bearing without

trunk top


bearing


Pandanus tree:

newly planted

173° 1' 51.41532"

1° 29' 1.0442904"

Taraora Ataniman mtmm

300i/2 Temauri

173° 1' 50.64708"

1° 29' 0.4470144"

14 1 0 1 2 3 $1,238

173° 1' 51.41532"

1° 29' 1.0442904"

173° 1' 51.16152"

1° 29' 1.39587"

173° 1' 50.39292"

1° 29' 0.7990656"

Birikaua Tabokai mt ma kanoaia tarina ake a mate

300i/1 Temauri

173° 1' 51.16152"

1° 29' 1.39587"

10 1 1 0 0 5 $847

173° 1' 50.39292"

1° 29' 0.7990656"

173° 1' 50.1366"

1° 29' 1.1485212"

173° 1' 50.90448"

1° 29' 1.7515572"

Tabuti Barantarawa

300e Temauri

173° 1' 50.1366"

1° 29' 1.1485212"

15 0 5 1 2 9 $1,294

56


Plot Number

and Name



due10 (AUD)

Longitude (E)

Latitude (N)

Coconut: Fruit

bearing


with trunk

Coconut: Non-

bearing without

trunk top


bearing


Pandanus tree:

newly planted

mtmm, Baranika Utimawa mtmm, N. Kautu Taato mtmm, Kakianako Terieta mtmm

173° 1' 50.90448"

1° 29' 1.7515572"

173° 1' 50.45844"

1° 29' 2.3687844"

173° 1' 49.692"

1° 29' 1.7691576"

Teata Tominiko mtmm

300a Temauri

173° 1' 50.45844"

1° 29' 2.3687844"

19 6 6 0 0 0 $1,772

173° 1' 49.692"

1° 29' 1.7691576"

173° 1' 49.37412"

1° 29' 2.209074"

173° 1' 50.1276"

1° 29' 2.8269384"

57

Table 5: List of babai pit owners and trees affected by infiltration gallery at Notoue

Ref. no. (see Figure 10)

Babai pit owner(s)

Babai pit Registration no.?

Co-ordinates of babai pit that is being infilled

Volume of babai pit

Compensation due for

infilling babai pit

(AUD)

General description of babai11

Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)

Category Volume (m3)

1 Tebike Nemeia and Terabwena Kirata

Not registered

173.0113944 1.515123 Pit volume 608.96 $2,763.27, but the babai pit owners want new pits dug as replacement, thus compensation will be in-kind rather than cash.

The section of the pit which is to be infilled is obviously abandoned, which is evident from the fact that the pit is overgrown with self-propagated pandanus plants. Given the size of some of the coconut and pandanus trees within the pit, it has not been tended for some considerable time. In addition the edges of the pit are extremely difficult to define. There are only a few babai plants in the section that is to be infilled, these are very small and are being overcrowded by pandanus. See Figure 17.

(i) Most but not the whole of the babai pit will be infilled. The dimensions given here are for the section that is to be infilled (note the section with the most babai, which is at the ocean-side of the pit, will not be infilled). (ii) The babai pit is on both Tebike’s and Terabwena’s land. They consider the land boundary dividing their land to be the boundary for their division of the babai pit. This boundary is in dispute. (iii) Both babai pit owners want a new pit dug. This one pit will thus be replaced by two separate pits, one for each land

173.0115064 1.514968 Mud volume

312.13

173.0111648 1.514842 Total Volume

921.09

173.0110727 1.514952

11 The weight of the babai cannot be determined until the babai are dug up.

58


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


owner. Tebike’s is to be dug on his land, and Terabwena’s on his land.

59


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


Figure 17: Photos showing babai plot owned by Tebike Nemeia and Terabwena Kirata. These show that the pit is overgrown with pandanus, te mao, and even some coconuts. There are a number of very established plants, as well as a profusion of young plants. There are a few babai plants, but these are being overgrown by the pandanus. The cross on the tree in the bottom left photo is a marker beyond which the pit will not be infilled., hence the babai at the back of that photo will not be affected.

60


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


2

Terabwena Kirata

Registration No 1661

173.0107522 1.51481 Pit volume 63.03 $396.48, but the babai pit owner wants a new pit dug as replacement, thus compensation will be in-kind rather than cash.

There are no trees in the pit, but it is obviously not regularly tended as there are not a lot of babai and they are not mulched etc. The type of babai is that used for home consumption, rather than the type used for feasts that can also be sold. See Error! eference source not found.

Has land on which replacement babwai pit can be dug.

173.010815 1.51471 Mud volume

69.13

173.0107126 1.514659 Total Volume

132.16

173.010658 1.514763

61


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


3

Bunatao Tekina

Not registered

173.0109988 1.513918 Pit volume 73.15 $290.07, but the babai pit

Babai pit obviously neglected, based on the fact there are only a few babai plants in one

Has land on which replacement babwai pit can be dug.

173.0110143 1.513828 Mud volume

23.54

62


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


173.0109288 1.513819 Total Volume

96.69 owner wants a new pit dug as replacement, thus compensation will be in-kind rather than cash.

corner which appear untended, there are quite a few pandanus which are choking the babai, as well as te mao. The pandanus are only young plants. The sides of the pit are also falling in and it is hard to define the boundaries of the pit. See Figure 18.

173.0109148 1.513891

63


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


Figure 18: Photos of Babai pit belonging to Bunatao Tekina. Note the pit is obviously untended – there are only a few small babai plants in one corner, there are pandanus plants self-propogated which are choking the babai, and there is vegetative rubbish in the pit, and the sides of the pit are not clearly defined.

4

Kiritaake Titabo

Not registered

173.0114055 1.513938 Pit volume 50.43 $239.46, but the babai pit

No babai at all in the pit, but there are also no trees. The pit

Has alternate land in the village on which 173.0114335 1.513885 Mud

volume 29.39

64


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


173.0113676 1.513859 Total Volume

79.82 owner wants a new pit dug as replacement, thus compensation will be in-kind rather than cash.

is clearly not being used. See Figure 19.

replacement babwai pit can be dug.

173.0113332 1.513922

65


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


Figure 19: Photos of Babai pit belonging to Kiritaake Titabo. These clearly show the babai pit has no babai growing in it, and is in a poor state.

5

Atata Timi

Not registered

173.0111197 1.5136 Pit volume 210.24 $876.18

Babwai pit is completely neglected, and obviously has been for some time given the

It was only intended that a part of this pit be infilled. However the

173.0111356 1.513427 Mud volume

81.82

66


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


173.011042 1.513441 Total Volume

292.06 number and size of the pandanus plants growing inside the pit. There are several very small babai plants at the back of the pit.The walls of the pit are starting to fall in. See Figure 20

owner has not yet given his agreement for the pit to be infilled as it is on land that he has sold, so he has no land for a replacement pit. If the pit is not infilled it should not have a significant impact on the quality of the water – infilling it was intended more as a precautionary measure, especially if the pit is re-established at some later date.

173.0110441 1.513613

67


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


68


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


Figure 20: Photos of babai pit belonging to Atata Timi. Note that the pit has obviously been neglected for a long time, given the height of the pandanus which have grown up inside the pit. There are several very small babai plants that are overcrowded by pandanus.

6

Ieiera Tiira, but it was given to

No. 1681

173.0116652 1.513759 Pit volume 122.32 Quite well tended. There are no pandanus or other plants in the pit. It is used to grow the

Have yet to consult with the new owner’s to gain agreement to infill it. They

173.0116975 1.513643 Mud volume

88.72

69


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


Ieiera’s daughter, and the daughter and her husband cared for it. The daughter has now died, and Ieiera has said that the babai pit now belongs to the daughter’s husband and their children.

173.0115383 1.51361 Total Volume

211.04 633.12 small babai that are for everyday consumption, and are not the type that are used for feasts, and therefore are not generally sold. See Figure 21.

live at Bikenibeu. It is not known if they have alternate land. It is desirable that this pit be infilled because it is very close to the gallery, but because it is behind the gallery its impacts will not be as significant as if it was beside the gallery.

173.0115223 1.513716

70


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


Figure 21: Photos of Babai pit belonging to Ieiera Tiira. Note that Teraim’s babai pit backs onto this pit.

7

Teraim Taukaban

No. 1687

173.0116975 1.513643 Pit volume 43.31 $220.32, but the babai pit owner wants a

Some babai plants of the type that are used for own consumption, rather than for feasts or for sale. The pit is obviously not fully tended but

Only a portion to be infilled – shape of section to be infilled is triangular. She has land available for a replacement

173.0115383 1.51361 Mud volume

30.13

173.0117112 1.51359 Total Volume

73.44

71


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


new pit dug as replacement, thus compensation will be in-kind rather than cash

not completely neglected. There is a coconut tree without a trunk growing in one corner of the pit.

pit. However if Ieiera does not give approval to infill their pit, then this pit will not be infilled either.

72


Babai pit owner(s)



Volume of babai pit


infilling babai pit

(AUD)


Comments

Longitude (N)

Latitude (E)


Figure 22: Photos of babai pit belonging to Teraim Taukaban. This pit backs onto Ieiera’s pit. Note that only half of this pit is to be infilled – from the white pipe at the front right of the photo to the far left corner. The babai in this pit are smaller and less well tended than the babai in Ieiera’s pit, and the palm leaf in the pit is some evidence that the pit is not regularly tended.

To be

infilled

Not to be

infilled

73

Annex E: Results of social survey

Note relating to land use on North Tarawa as it affects the water abstraction and

supply systems to be constructed under KAPIII:

It must be noted that customary practices can vary from island to island. The follow

only refers to North Tarawa.

1. Land is traditionally owned in strips from lagoon to ocean. If a family divides

the land up between various members, it is generally divided length-wise, so

that both of the strips will still extend from the ocean to the lagoon. Some land

strips are very narrow after frequent sub-dividing, (some being only several

metres wide), but will still be as long as the island is wide at that point (400 –

600m long for the villages being considered here). All 12 of the land plots at

Notoue, and the 7 at Tabonibara, that the water protection zones cut across,

are strips owned from lagoon to ocean.

2. Most people live in the village itself. Almost everyone lives fairly close to the

lagoon, rather than in the middle of their land or on the ocean side (see map

of households given in Annex B).

3. Many families have multiple strips of land in the village. It is not uncommon

for them to move their dwelling between these land plots.

4. It is almost unheard of for people to live on their own. They normally live with

immediate or extended family. Nobody in Notoue or Tabonibara lives

completely on their own.

5. It is not really possible for a person to live in the village without some

connection to the village. This is usually through their own family or their

spouse’s family, in which case they would live on family land. Ministers of

religion who are appointed to a village would live on church land. The

government supplies housing for its employees where the positions are not

local to the village.

6. Land is generally passed on to the children of the land-owner, with equal rights

irrespective of whether they are male or female. If a family has a multiple land

plots, they may choose to distribute the land differently, e.g. each child may

get their own plot, or the females may get one plot and the males another.

Marriage generally does not give a person a right to their spouses’ land, and

land is almost never inherited by the surviving spouse of a marriage. In rare

74

cases land may be gifted to someone outside the family, or for another

purpose such as a Church.

7. People would not live on another person’s land without the permission of the

landowners – there are no squatters (there is not the same issue of land

shortage on outer islands as there is on South Tarawa). In addition people do

not generally use another person’s land without their permission, even if there

is no-one living on the land and no caretaker.

8. If the landowner does not live in the village they may appoint a caretaker. This

position is generally given to someone already living in the village. It is not a

paid position, but the caretaker has a right to harvest material from the land,

in return for looking after the land. The position of caretaker is not necessarily

an inherited position.

75

Table 6: Socio-economic profile of persons associated with land to be used for infiltration galleries at Notoue



Translation and comments regarding legally registered landowners

Approx. fraction of land plot affected by WPZ12

Current use of land

Socio-economic details of those using land

Socio-economic details of land-owners

261a Teabanaine

Terabwena Kirata ma Kn Tarina ae Kaiuea Kirata mm ao Nei Kaitakia Tataua

The land is owned by two persons/families: (i) Terabwena

Kirata, the children of the deceased Kaiuea Kirata (who was Terabwena's older brother - he has 3 children), and Terabwena’s sisters (2 sisters);

<3% Terabwena (male) has a house on this plot of land, and he and his family are the only persons who use this land.

Terabwena has full-time employment as a handyman at Immaculate Heart College. He is married with two children. He uses the land to provide for his personal use, and supplements his income with money earned primarily from coconuts. He has said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have a low impact on his livelihood. His total income is about $50 per week, which is a very reasonable wage on North Tarawa.

(i) Terabwena - see previous column. (ii) Mereue (daughter of Kaiuea), is a nurse

working in Abaiang, has 2 children of her own, her husband was a seafarer;

(iii) Kirata (child of Kaiuea), is not married, lives in Teaoreareke with their mother on family land, no formal employment;

(iv) Kamoa (child of Kaiuea), is not married, lives in Teaoreareke with their mother on family land, no formal employment;

(v) Bakaiti (sister of Terabwena), married with 5 children, lives in Teaoreareke with their mother on family land, no formal employment;

(vi) Arina (sister of Terabwena), is married to an FTC instructor and has 3 children, lives on family land at Teaoreareke

(vii) Kaitakia owns or part-owns three pieces of land in Notoue (one of which has the gallery running through it). She lives on another piece of land in Notoue with her family, and

12 The total area of the land plots has never been surveyed. This calculation is based on a very rough measurement of the length of the land plot from Google Earth. This is made more complex

because the land backs onto the ocean and lagoon, so the boundaries of the land plots are not straight lines. In addition while the gallery cuts across the full width of the internal land plots, it does not cut across the full width of the two end plots.

76





Current use of land



(ii) Kaitakia Tataua

does not use this plot of land. She has been married to three different men, and has one child by each of the husbands. She is currently a widow. All of her children are adults. Kaitakia and two of her daughters live on family land at Notoue. One of Kaitakia’s children works at IHC. The 2nd child of Kaitakia works at PUB in South Tarawa.

262a Bareariki

Nei Bukaieta Mwemwenikarwa mtmm

The land is owned by Bukaieta Mwemwenikarwa on behalf of himself and his brothers and sisters (there are 8 siblings)

<6% Nobody lives on this plot of land. Torea (a brother of Bukaieta), who lives in Notoue but on another plot of land, uses this plot of land.

Torea is married with three children. Torea’s siblings have apparently agreed that this land effectively belongs to Torea. He is the only family member to be involved on the land. Torea is effectively living at subsistence-level. He owns or part-owns two other pieces of land at Notoue, one of which is quite small, (the gallery runs across the third plot). He uses the pieces of land that he has access to, to provide goods

(i) Bukaieta lives in Betio on family land. He has 5 children, one of whom is a JSS teacher, another is working on the road project, another is working at the Customs. They also collect lease payments for land that they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the Government

(ii) Nabuti is a Member of Parliament representing North Tarawa, though he lives on South Tarawa. His wife is a teacher at KGV/EBS. They have 6 children.

(iii) Inamam works as a surveyor on the road project. Married with 2 school-age children, currently living at Bonriki (Te-Kawai-ae-bou), possibly on family land.

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Current use of land



and material for his personal use. He also makes an income from the sale of coconuts - he has said that he collects over thirty coconuts a day. He has said that the loss of the trees would have a medium impact on his livelihood, although there are only 7 fruit-bearing coconut trees that are to be removed from his land, so he may be over-estimating the impact. He has estimated that he earns about $20 per week from coconuts.

(iv) Arebo is a primary school teacher, currently at Taratai (North Tarawa) married (husband not formally employed) with three children.

(v) Kateaua, married to a secondary school teacher (JSS), who is a deputy principal. They have children. They live on family land at Buariki.

(vi) Torea – see previous column (vii) Banin, married with four children, her

husband is a seafarer. One of the children is a JSS teacher, and another is a primary school teacher. They are presently living in Banraeba.

(viii) Timwa. She is married with one young child. They live at Buarirki on the family land with Kataeua. They are substistence level living.

262e Bareariki

N. Kabo Taniera

The land is owned by Kabo Taniera in her own right.

<6% Nobody lives on this land. The KUC compound extends over a part of the land - this is an informal arrangement. There is a caretaker appointed for

Tabureka lives on his family land at Notoue (they have two plots of land in Notoue, and Tabureka has the right to use Itabera’s land as well). The brother lives on this plot of land too, but on the opposite side of the road. Tabureka has two concurrent “wives” who live together in the one house. He has 5 children, three boys

Kabo is a Catholic Religious Sister, a member of the Order known as Our Lady of the Sacred Heart. She uses the name Sr Itabera. She currently lives in the OLSH convent at Teaoreareke. She and the OLSH Sisters do not use the land in any way.

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Current use of land



this land, Tabureka Temeakau who lives on another piece of land at Notoue, but who has a right to use this piece of land in return for caring for it.

and two girls. All the children are in their twenties, and live on the same land with Tabureka. None of them have formal employment. They are hard working, and specialise in fishing. They often sell fish to IHC. It is estimated that he would earn in excess of $25 per week on average, though this is quite variable. Tabureka is an important and influential person in the village, with Tabureka being the primary spokesperson of the maneaba (this involves among other tasks calling village meetings and moderating the meetings. Note this is an inherited position).

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Current use of land



262i Bareariki

Nei Banin Kananoua

The land is owned by Banin Kananoua in her own right.

<6% Ioane Rerei lives on the land as a caretaker. He is a grandson of Banin. The KUC compound extends over a part of the land. This is an informal arrangement.

Ioane is married with three primary school age children. He obtains some income as a casual labourer for the Good Samaritan Sisters. This is the only plot of land he has access to, though when the CET began working with landowners he was living on another plot of land in Notoue. He uses Banin’s land to provide goods and material for his personal use. He also makes an income from coconuts (though he is not a big collector of coconuts) and thatch, and he is also a fisherman. He has said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have a low impact on his livelihood. The estimate of his income is about $25/week.

Banin is a widow. Her children are all adults. She lives with them in Betio.

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Current use of land



262o/2 Bareariki

Tianuare Mannarara mtmm

The land is owned by Tianuare Mannarara on behalf of himself and his brothers and sisters. (there are 8 siblings)

<6% Tianuare's brother, Temea, lives on the land. The KUC compound extends over a part of the land. This is an informal arrangement.

Temea is married with four children. One of the children is married and lives in Betio, the other three live with him. One is at JSS, and another at primary school. Temea is effectively living at subsistence-level, from this piece of land, and also it appears that he unofficially undertakes caretaking duties on the adjacent land. He uses the land to provide goods and material for his personal use. He also makes an income from their sale, although his main income is from fishing, at which he is extremely proficient. He owns a canoe which he uses for his fishing. He has said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have a low impact on his livelihood. He is estimated to earn about $50 per week, although as this is primarily from the sale of fish

The family own two plots of land in Notoue, and a portion of another plot. Tinuare works one plot of land, and Temea the other. (i) Tianuare lives in the village but on a

different piece of land. He is a widower with 5 adult children. One son is a seafarer. None of the others have formal employment. He is an unimane (old man) in the village, which is a decision-making position.

(ii) Temea – see previous column (iii) Baiteke is a full-time KUC Minister, and has

been a Minister for over 20 years. He currently lives in Betio (which is seen as one of the best supported parishes). He is married with 4 children and lives in Betio. One daughter is married and works at TSKL, and her husband is a teacher at JSS. One son is married and works on South Tarawa. One daughter is currently studying at USP in Fiji on scholarship.

(iv) Teem is dead. He had two children who are now grown up and live in Notoue with their mother, who has remarried. They are subsistence level.

(v) Raieta has died, leaving behind two children, both of whom are now married. They are

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Current use of land



it would be somewhat variable.

living on South Tarawa (Teaoreareke) with their father.

(vi) Tekiara has died, leaving behind 4 children, who are now married. The Court Clerk at Abaokoro is one of the daughters. One son lives in Banreaba, and one at Taratai who lives with his father, and the other is a driver at Tangintebu.

(vii) Tikoro has died, leaving two children. One is married and living in Buariki, the other is separated and is living at Betio. They do not have formal employment.

(viii) Bereti who is married to a KUC Bishop, who is currently serving in Antebuka. They have two children.

262o/1 Bareariki

Tekina Baikieta

The land is currently registered in the land of Tekina Baikieta. However Tekina has died since the registration was updated in 2014. The project is currently in the process of

<6% Nobody lives on the land. The KUC compound extends over a part of the land - this is an informal arrangement. There is no official caretaker for the land.

See previous plot for details regarding Temea.

Rabwan and Bunatao live in Betio. They receive very significant income from lease payments from land they own on South Tarawa which is leased by the government. They do not have formal employment. Both are married.

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Current use of land



facilitating the updating of the land registration. It is expected that the land will be registered in the name of the sons, Rabwan and Bunatao.

However it seems that Temea, who lives on the adjacent piece of land, is a relative, and undertakes some caretaking duties, which includes the right to use the land for coconuts etc.

263a Kabeiati

Bwebwe Titabo mtmm ao Ingiraua Tekaai mtmm

The land is formally owned by two persons/families:

(i) Bwebwe on behalf of her brothers and sisters (4 children) and

(ii) Ingiraua on behalf of his brothers and

<6% Originally this piece of land, and the adjacent plot 263e/2, were one strip, but it was divided lengthwise by the family. Tabokai, who is the elder brother of Nei

(i) Nei Bwebwe has 3 family plots of land at Notoue. Nei Bwebe lives at Notoue but on another piece of land. Bwebwe’s husband works part time as a motorman in the village on a canoe. They have 2 children. One is married to a seafarer, and the second child was adopted by Kiritaake. Bwebwe would

(i) Roniti (sister of Bwebwe) has died. There are 3 children who are all married. One works in the hospital at Nawerewere as an orderly and lives at Bikenibeu. The second child is married and lives in Notoue (subsistence living). The third child is also married and lives on the same plot of land as Bwebwe, and her husband works as a motorman at IHC.

(ii) Taree (sister of Bwebwe), who lives in Abemama. They have 7 children who would

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Current use of land



sisters (9 children).

Note Bwebwe and Ingirau are the children of two brothers. However there were also sisters, but apparently the girls were given land elsewhere, although they may challenge their right to the land at Notoue in the future.

Bwebwe, has a house that cuts across both this land and the adjacent strip 263e/2. However he does not generally live on the land, but rather lives on South Tarawa. The land is generally worked by Bwebwe and family, and by Kiritaake.

probably make $20 to $25 a week. (iii) Kiritaake was

brought up as a brother to Bwebwe. Kiritaake is married. They have no child of their own, but have adopted 2 children. He does not have a job and is effectively living at subsistence-level. He lives on the land belonging to his wife. They use the. various pieces of land they have rights to, to provide goods and material for their personal use. He is also a fisherman, and sells fish to IHC. They also

be grown-up, and have never returned to North Tarawa.

(iii) Tabokai (brother of Bwebwe), married and live on the same plot of land as Roniti’s oldest child at Bikenibeu. The wife works as a seamstress. They have four grown-up children. The spouse of the first child works at the solar energy company. Another child works as a shopkeeper on South Tarawa. Another married and went to Butaritari. The 4th child has no formal employment.

(iv) Bwebwe – see previous column (v) Ingiraua has moved to Fiji to work at the

SDA College. They have not returned to Kiribati. He has three children.

(vi) Ninoteti (brother of Ingiraua), who is married. Both Ninoteti and spouse are teachers at the SDA school at Abemama. They have 5 children.

(vii) Tebwebweari (brother of Ingiraua), who is widowed. He now lives with his brother Tikabwebwe at Bairiki. He has two children who are both at primary school. He does not have a job. He has never returned to the land at Notoue.

(viii) Tikabwebwe (brother of Ingiraua) lives at Bairiki and is a retired primary school

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Current use of land



make an income from their sale. They have said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have a low impact on their livelihood, as it is only a small source of coconut trees, and they have more coconut trees elsewhere. Kiritaake probably makes about $25 a week, though again because much of it would come from fishing there would be a large variability.

teacher. Her husband is a retired employee of the PUB. They have 5 children. He has never returned to the land at Notoue.

(ix) Ioane (brother of Ingiraua), who is married with 4 children. He works as a special constable. He lives with Tikabwebwe. He has never returned to the land at Notoue.

(x) Kabaki (brother of Ingiraua), who is married and has more than 2 children. They moved to Kiritimati Island many years ago and have not kept contact.

(xi) Kiritaake (brother of Ingiraua). However because he was brought up as an adopted child of Titabo, Bwebwe considers that Kiritaake should be considered as a member of her family, and should be listed thereunder, rather than as a member of Tekaai’s family.

(xii) The whereabouts or details of two other siblings of Ingirau are not known to the family – it is thought they must have married and gone to Abemama.

(xiii) Tebiria, who is understood to be a brother of Bwebwe. He has moved to Tabiteua South. There are two sons who have returned from Tab. South. returned. His name is Tekirai. He is married and works

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Current use of land



at ETC in Abaokoro as a revenue collector. Another son of Tebiria is married and lives in Bikenibeu and works as a bus driver.

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Current use of land



263e/2 Kabeiati

Ioane Toara mtmk ana kauaei Toara

The land is owned by Ioane Toara on behalf of himself and his brothers and the children of his father's second wife.

<6% Originally this piece of land, and the adjacent plot 263a, were one strip, but it was divided lengthwise by the family. Tabokai, who is the elder brother of Nei Bwebwe, has a house that cuts across both this land and the adjacent strip 263a. The land is cared for by Nei Bwebwe.

As explained regarding plot 263a, Nei Bwebe lives at Notoue but on another piece of land. Bwebwe’s husband works part time as a motorman on a canoe. They use the various pieces of land they have rights to, to provide goods and material for their personal use. They also make an income from their sale. They have said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have a low impact on their livelihood, as it is only a small source of coconut trees, and they have more coconut trees elsewhere.

Ioane lives in Abaiang, and the brothers are in Betio. Note details are known regarding the children of the father’s second wife.

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Current use of land



263e/1 Kabeiati and 264a Nonoa

Banuera Berina

Banuera Berina owns two adjacent plots of land, plot numbers 263e/1 and 264a, in his own right. Note the boundary between the 2 plots of land was not surveyed - the two plots were considered as one for the purposes of boundary determinations and surveying. Banuera bought the land (all other landowners obtained through inheritance).

6% Banuera has a house on his land which he visits regularly, but he does not live here. He has appointed a caretaker, Tiroia Nawere, to care for the land at Notoue. The caretaker lives on the land.

Tiroia Nawere is effectively living at subsistence-level. He uses the land to provide goods and material for his personal use. He also make an income from their sale. His wife occasionally sells goods on South Tarawa that she has made from local produce, such as hair oil. They have said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have a low impact on their livelihood as while it will reduce coconut collection it is not particularly significant, and they can easily find alternate plants to collect items for traditional medicine.

Banuera is a lawyer on South Tarawa. He also has significant business interests, such as in shipping. He lives at Teaoreareke.

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Current use of land



264e/2(1/2) Nonoa

Kokoria Taukaban mtmm.

The land is owned by Kokoria Taukaban on behalf of himself and brothers and sisters (4 siblings). Nei Teraim Taukaban is the only sibling still alive.

<7% Nei Teraim Taukaban lived on the land with her two married daughters, but they moved to the plot of land where Tabureka lives sometime after November 2014 Teraim’s daughter is married to Tabureka). Nei Teraim’s daughter who is married to Tabrueka, and their family, including the grandson work the land, along one of Bainana’s offspring who are also married to Tabrueka. .

Nei Taraim is 102 years old, but is still alert mentally. Had one child, who is now dead, by her first husband. This son had no children of his own but adopted a child. She had 2 children by her second husband. The first daughter is widowed and lives in Kiritimati. The second daughter is married, and her husband works in Teraina (Line Islands). The third marriage resulted in two children. One of the children is married to Tabureka, who is the caretaker for Sr. Itabera’s land. Nei Taraim lives with this daughter, who has four children, on the land belonging to Tabureka. The main income for the family is fishing – see details given previously for Tabureka. None of Teraim’s family have a job - all are effectively living

(i) Teraim – see previous column (note Teraim is the eldest but it was not her name but the name of the oldest son explicitly listed on the registration)

(ii) Kokoria has two other pieces of land at Notoue. He is deceased. He had 6 children, who must be about 70 years old, and are therefore not employed. The first, fourth and fifth children live in Banreaba. The second and third children live at Tearinibai. The 6th child married and moved with the husband to Tabiteuea South, and has not returned to Tarawa.

(iii) Bainana, brother of Kokoria, is deceased. He was married twice, with 2 children by the first wife. The first of these lives at Betio. The second child, Tokaata, is a co-wife of Tabureka (the other co-wife being Teraim’s daughter).Tabrueka has two children by Tokaata, who live in Notoue in the same compound as Tabureka, and live as one household with Tabureka. Bainana had three children by his second wife. The first, a daughter, lives in Ambo. The second child settled in Kiritimati island with her husband many years ago. The third child has been married twice. She lives in Buariki, at

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Current use of land



at subsistence-level. Teraim owns two plots of land in the village – this plot, and the plot beside it, which belongs to her alone. They use the land to provide goods and material for their personal use. They also make an income from their sale. She has said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have a low impact on their livelihood

subsistence level. She had 3 children by her first husband, and one child by the second.

(iv) Ioane is dead. He had three children, the first of whom lives in Notoue (possibly on land belonging to his wife) and has 4 children; the second of whom, a daughter also lives in Notoue but on different land, and the third child, also a daughter, is married to a person from Tabituea and moved with him to Tabituea.

264e/1(1/2) Nonoa

Na. Teraim Taukaban

The land is owned by Teraim Taukaban in her own right.

2% Nobody lives on the land. The land is worked by Teraim’s family.

See details given fro previous plot of land for details of Teraim. She has said that the loss of the trees on the water protection zone would have an insignificant impact on their livelihood as the only tree to be removed is one young coconut.

See previous column.

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Table 7: Socio-economic profile of persons associated with land to be used for infiltration galleries at Tabonibara





Current use of land Socio-economic details of those using land


301e Amoange

Teea Tebana The land is owned by Teea Tebana in his own right.

<6% Nobody lives on this land. It is worked by Teea who lives in Tabonibara on different land. A part of his land is leased by Amaoange primary school.

Teea owns two plots of land in Tabonibara, one at the other end of the village where one of his daughter lives, and this plot. He is a widower with five children. Four of the children live in Tabonibara, and one at Nonouti. Teea moves around the village of Tabonibara between his children. He receives money for the lease of his land by Amaoange primary school (this is a significant component of his income). Otherwise he is supported by his family, who use the land to provide goods and material for their personal use. They also make an income from the sale of

See previous column.

13 The total area of the land plots has never been surveyed. This calculation is based on a very rough measurement of the length of the land plot from Google Earth. This is made more complex because

the land backs onto the ocean and lagoon, so the boundaries of the land plots are not straight lines. In addition while the gallery cuts across the full width of the internal land plots, it does not cut across the full width of the two end plots.

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coconuts and other local goods. They do a lot of fishing and earns money from this as well (has many fishing nets). One of the sons is married to a woman who has a full time job at the Council. This son is a “messenger of the maneaba”, who’s task it is to pass messages on from the maneaba (but is not tasked with organising meetings – this is not a paid position but is an office bearer position in the village hierarchy). One of the daughters is married to man who is a canoe builder, who seems to have almost full time work repairing canoes. Their weekly cash income has been estimated to be about $25 a week.

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301a Amoange

Moevasa Kirimaua

The land is owned by Moevasa Kirimaua in her own right (inherited from her husband which is extremely unusual as land is usually inherited by the children not the spouse).

<8% Nobody lives on this land or uses it in any way. There is no caretaker appointed for the land. Amaoange primary school has encroached on part of this land, but it is understood that this is not a formalised arrangement.

None. Moevasa was living in Betio when the land agreements were signed, but in November 2014 moved to New Zealand. She has four children. Two of them live and work in New Zealand. Another is a seaman and lives at Amob, and the fourth works at Taboraoi Travel. It is believed that she has some retirement funds herself. At the land boundary determination it was obvious that she had no familiarity with the land, and it is understood that none of the children have any connectetion with the land either.

300i/3 Temauri

Arawaia Moiwa mm

The land is owned by Arawaia Moiwa on behalf of himself and his sister (he only has the one sibling, nei Bwebwe).

8% Nobody lives on this land or uses it in any regular way. There is no caretaker appointed for the land. Amaoange primary school has encroached on part of this land, but it is understood that this is not a formalised arrangement. One of

None (i) Arawaia works for MELAD and lives at Tabaonga on South Tarawa. He does not visit the land at all.

(ii) Bwebwe is a primary school teacher at Notoue. They sometimes visit the land when visiting relatives in the village, and collect wood from it.

(iii) Noama works for the government and lives at Betio. Noama does not visit the land at all.

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the siblings sometimes visits the land when visiting relatives in the village, and collects wood for their house.

(iv) Tauai works for the government and lives at Buota. Tauai does not visit the land at all.

300i/2 Temauri

Taraora Ataniman mtmm

The land is owned by Taraora Ataniman on behalf of himself and his brothers and sisters (8 siblings).

<9% Nobody lives on this land or uses it in any way, which is obvious when wandering across the land because it is clearly not being cared for (the land is not cleared of scrubby bushes and other such signs of neglect). There is no caretaker appointed for the land.

none (i) Tiriata (sibling of Taraora) is deceased. He has four children, Karaeba, who is also deceased, Tuwi, Tokarake and Toraiti. They all live at Betio. At least one member of the family works in the building construction industry.

(ii) Toraiti (sibling of Taraora) is deceased. He has one child, Ataniman, who lives at Betio. . At least one member of the family works in the building construction industry.

(iii) Tekinene (sibling of Taraora) is deceased. He has one child, Kabaeka, who lives at Betio. . At least one member of the family works in the building construction industry.

(iv) Moarei (sibling of Taraora). Moarei lives at Betio. . At least one member

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of the family works in the building construction industry.

(v) Kiaua (sibling of Taraora). Kiaua lives at Betio. . At least one member of the family works in the building construction industry.

(vi) Taraora lives at Betio. . At least one member of the family works in the building construction industry.

(vii) Unikai lives at Betio. . At least one member of the family works in the building construction industry.

(viii) Enriki lives at Betio. . At least one member of the family works in the building construction industry.

Note it is believed that the family also own the land they live on at Betio, and that they own land elsewhere on South Tarawa. It is believed that they receive lease payments from the government for the lease of land on South Tarawa. Note also that they have said they never go the land at Tabonibara because they have relatives there to care for it, but it does not seem the land is currently being cared for.

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300i/1 Temauri

Birikaua Tabokai mt ma kanoaia tarina ake a mate

The land is owned by Birikaua on behalf of his brothers (4 siblings), including the children of deceased brothers

<9% Nobody lives on this land or uses it in any way. There is no caretaker appointed for the land.

None (i) Birikaua lives in Kainaba. He is currently a village chairperson, and a village warden, for which he receives a wage from the ETC. He is retired but used to be assistant Clerk at the ETC. The family, especially the wife and daughter, also market local items produced from land at Kainaba, particularly to South Tarawa. Their speciality is the sea worm, but they also market a lot of local cigarettes. They have 7 children. One is married and works in at Private business and lives at South Tarawa. The seond is a daughter and lives in Kainaba (different land to Birikaua). The third is a seafarer, who is single, and provides money to the father. The fourth, a daughter is married and currently lives with Birikaua. Another daughter is married. The sixth child is a daughter at high school. The seventh child is at school at JSS.

(ii) Taura, older brother of Birikaua, This brother receives a significant sum of money for the leasing of land, which he apparently does not share with his

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siblings.is currently living at Bonriki on family land. He has been married twice. From the first wife he has one child who is married to a nursing officer. He has 4 children by his second wife. Three live at Bonriki, and at least some are involved in private business. One is married to a police officer lives at Tabuaeran.

(iii) Iebo has died. He has 4 children. The oldest, a daughter, is married to a bus conductor and lives at Teaoreareke. A daughter of this daughter married an Indian man and moved back to India. A son of Iebo is married with 6 children. He lives in Nanikai in the squatter area. Another daughter is married and lives at Nanikai in government housing. Two of the sons of this daughter are currently living with Birikua in Kainaba and attend the primary school there. The fourth child is married and lives in New Zealand. Her husband is died. She has 2 children.

(iv) Tauranga is a brother of Birikua. He has died with no issue.

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(v) The children of dead father's brother don't live in the area. They are believed to live the in the Line and Phoenox island groups.

300e Temauri

Tabuti Barantarawa mtmm, Baranika Utimawa mtmm, N. Kautu Taato mtmm, Kakianako Terieta mtmm

The land is owned by four persons/families:

(i) Tabuti Barantarawa on behalf of herself and her brothers and sisters (5 siblings);

(ii) Baranika Utimawa on behalf of herself and

<9% Nobody lives on the land. There was a caretaker, Teekana, appointed but he died in January 2015. Caretakers are not necessarily an inherited position, so the landowners need to appoint a new caretaker.

None (i) Nei Tabuti lives in Bikenibeu. Spouse is a retired civil servant and she is a retired teacher. They appear to have a reasonable home. A number of their children are working for the government. They may receive lease payments for land leased by the government. Her first visit to the land was to update the land registration, as facilitated by KAPIII.

(ii) Tebau (sister of Tabuti), lives at Bikenibeu, and works in the medical records section of Tungaru hospital. She has no connection to the land.

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her brothers and sisters (8 siblings);

(iii) Nei Kautu Taato on behalf of herself and her brothers and sisters (6 siblings);

(iv) Kakianako Terieta on behalf of herself and her brothers and sisters (6 siblings)

(iii) Kaaro (sister of Tabuti), lives at Tabuaeran island. Has no formal employment, and has no connection to this land.

(iv) Iakoba (sibling of Tabuti) is deceased. Terieta is the oldest son. He works as a bus driver and lives at Bikenibeu. They have no connection to the land.

(v) Taai (brother of Tabuti by a different mother) is retired and lives at Eita. He has no connection to this land.

(vi) Nei Baranika lives in Bonriki. Nobody in the family has formal employment, though they make local candies and cigarettes for sale. They also receive significant lease payments for land they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the government. None of the family ever go to the land at Tabonibara.

(vii) Karuaua (sibling of Baranika) is deceased. Karuaua had 4 children, Kirata, Moaniuae, Tioteba and Ioane. They also live at Bonriki. Nobody in the family has formal employment, though they make local candies and cigarettes for sale. They also receive

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significant lease payments for land they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the government. None of the family ever go to the land at Tabonibara.

(viii) Teatu (brother of Baranika) is deceased. It is understood that he had no children.

(ix) Ruaia (brother of Baranika) lives at Temaiku. Nobody in the family has formal employment, though they make local candies and cigarettes for sale. They also receive significant lease payments for land they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the government. None of the family ever go to the land at Tabonibara.

(x) Kimaua (brother of Baranika) lives at Bonriki. Nobody in the family has formal employment, though they make local candies and cigarettes for sale. They also receive significant lease payments for land they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the government. None of the family ever go to the land at Tabonibara.

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(xi) Tebikeiti (sister of Baranika) lives at Tabuaeran. Nobody in the family has formal employment, though they make local candies and cigarettes for sale. They also receive significant lease payments for land they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the government. None of the family ever go to the land at Tabonibara.

(xii) Tabuti (sister of Baranika) lives at Tabuaeran. Nobody in the family has formal employment, though they make local candies and cigarettes for sale. They also receive significant lease payments for land they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the government. None of the family ever go to the land at Tabonibara.

(xiii) Titaake (brother of Baranika) lives at Tabuaeran. Nobody in the family has formal employment, though they make local candies and cigarettes for sale. They also receive significant lease payments for land they own on South Tarawa that is leased by the government. None of the family ever go to the land at Tabonibara.

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(xiv) Nei Kautu lives at Bikenibeu. Works for the government. They may receive lease payments for land leased by the government. She has never been to the land.

(xv) Akieu is a sibling to Kautu by a different mother. Akieu is deceased, but has more than two children, though the family seen to have lost contact with them and are not aware of exactly how many children there are. At least some of the children work for the government and live at Buota. They have never been to the land.

(xvi) Karitita is a sibling to Kautu by a different mother. Karitita works for the government and lives at Buota. He has never been to the land at Tabonibara.

(xvii) Maria is a sister to Kautu by a different mother. Maria works for the government and lives at Kiritimati Island. She has never been to the land at Tabonibara.

(xviii) Areau is a sister to Kautu by a different mother. She is deceased.

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The CET are not aware of her having any children.

(xix) Teretia is a sister to Kautu by a different mother. She is deceased. She had one child, who lives at Buota, It is believed that she does not have formal employment. She does not have any connection to the land at Tabonibara.

(xx) (xxi) Nei Kakianako lives at Bikenibeu,

none of the family have formal employment, though they sell items they make such as local candies and cigarettes. They visit the land ocassionally, to obtain materials for local buildings.

(xxii)Eritabeta (sister of Kakianako), lives at Bikenibeu. None of the family have formal employment, though they sell items they make such as local candies and cigarettes. They visit the land ocassionally, to obtain materials for local buildings.

(xxiii) Buure (sister of Kakianako), lives at Bikenibeu. None of the family have formal employment, though they sell

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items they make such as local candies and cigarettes. They visit the land ocassionally, to obtain materials for local buildings.

(xxiv) Kaitangare (sibling of Kakianako), lives at Bikenibeu. None of the family have formal employment, though they sell items they make such as local candies and cigarettes. They visit the land ocassionally, to obtain materials for local buildings.

(xxv) Karurua (sibling of Kakianako), lives at Bikenibeu, and works as a librarian at Parliament House. They visit the land ocassionally, to obtain materials for local buildings.

(xxvi) Bakoauea (sibling of Kakianako), lives at Morikao, Abiang, and works as a High School teacher.

300a Temauri

Teata Tominiko mtmm

Land is owned by Teata Tominko on behalf of himself and his brothers and sisters (6 siblings)

<5% Nobody lives on the land. Nei Taarai and her husband Biribo have been appointed as caretakers and so use the land for their own needs.

Taarai and Biribo live elsewhere in Tabonibara. They own land in the village themselves. They are effectively living at subsistence-level. They use the various lands they have

(i) Enoka (sibling of Teata) lives near Gascony, the Causeway, South Tarawa. He does not have formal employment. He never visits the land at Tabonibara.

(ii) Teata lives at Eita, South Tarawa. He does not have formal employment. He never visits the land at Tabonibara.

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access to, to provide goods and material for his personal use. They also make an income from their sale.

(iii) Tarome (sibling of Teata) lives at Eita, South Tarawa. He does not have formal employment. He never visits the land at Tabonibara.

(iv) Tetiria (sibling of Teata) lives near Gascony, the Causeway, South Tarawa. Teriria does not have formal employment and never visits the land at Tabonibara.

(v) Teieta (sibling of Teata) lives at Bikenibeu. Teieta does not have formal employment and never visits the land at Tabonibara.

(vi)Taouea (sibling of Teata) lives near Gascony, the Causeway, South Tarawa. Taouea does not have formal employment and never visits the land at Tabonibara.

Note that it is believed that the family receive significant lease payments for land owned by the family on South Tarawa that is leased by the Government.

105

Annex F: Process used to identify location for galleries

The process used to identify the locations for the galleries (as developed with

experience), was as follows:

(i) Identify all babai pits, cemeteries, settlements, and any other polluting activity in the village

(ii) Plot the above on Google earth, along with contours of water lens

thickness (obtained from hydrogeological analysis undertaken under

KAPII). From this the most likely potential sites foe the gallery were

identified.

(iii) Peg out the plot on the ground in order to both ground truth it and

assist in identifying land owners.

(iv) Identify and locate land owners from both local knowledge and Court

records (overseas owners have taken much time and effort to track

down, especially where family and/or the village had lost contact with

them).

(v) Explain the system to land owners, and ask if they will agree to

voluntarily allow the construction of the gallery on their land without

any lease payments. A number of land owners did not agree to these

voluntary agreements14. If they said no, then it was necessary to move

the location of the gallery, and restart the process. As the galleries cut

across multiple land plots, it only required one land owner to disagree

for it to be necessary to move the location of the gallery. Thus in some

cases even though the informal agreement of some land owners was

obtained, the final location for the gallery is not on their land because

it became necessary to locate the gallery elsewhere.

(vi) Identify Babai pit owners from local knowledge, and ask if they were

willing to have their babai pits infilled. They were given the option of

cash compensation, or the project digging a new pit for them if they

had alternate land in the village. If the Babai pits owners were not

14 In general it was found that land owners who still had a strong connection with the village were prepared to agree to the gallery being on their land, but land owners who had lost that connection (including all land owners living overseas) did not agree, and wanted lease payments.

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agreeable, then it was necessary to move the location of the gallery,

and start the process again.

(vii) Determine if the land registrations are up-to-date, and if not

then facilitate this process. This involves assisting the land owners in

obtaining death certificates, and the registration process itself needs to

be done at a Court sitting on North Tarawa. This is normally

straightforward unless there are arguments as to who owns the land. If

this is the case and it appears this will not be readily resolved, then

again we look at an alternate location.

(viii) Facilitate land boundary determinations. This requires multiple

sittings of the Magistrates Court on North Tarawa, and the magistrates

are often reluctant to make a decision, especially if a boundary is not

clear. The boundaries at the road are generally much easier to obtain a

determination of than a secondary boundary point inland. It should

also be noted that the Local court only has several sitting days a month,

at which they often already have a full docket dealing with a gamut of

other cases (not necessarily land related).

(ix) The Lands section of MELAD then surveys the outer boundaries of the

gallery as well as the boundaries with each of the various land owners.

A post is cemented in place to mark the boundaries.

107

Annex G: Information regarding changes made to the selection of the

site where there was not agreement by landowners, or there were

disputes

Notoue

Under KAPII, the team that was then involved with the project selected a potential site

for the gallery. The second most northerly land plot that this crossed through belongs

to Euniti Kaobunang. She lives on Kiritimati Island. The KAPIII team and a

representative from MELAD contacted her regarding the construction of the gallery

on her land. She did not give her agreement, but nor did she say an absolute no the

project. It is understood that she wanted to receive lease payments for use of the land.

Various representatives from the village then wrote a joint letter to her, to ask her for

use of the land for the WPZ. Euniti then agreed to the Project on the condition that

the project paid for her to return to Tarawa for the land boundary determinations. It

was decided not to continue pursuing the use of her land, and hence the position of

the gallery was moved somewhat south.

At the land boundary determinations, a land boundary dispute arose between the

owners of the two next northerly plots of land. Although both land owners had given

agreement to the project, it was decided to move the site for the gallery further south

again to avoid this disputed boundary.

All land owners agreed at the new site.

Tabonibara

Under KAPII, the first site selected by the team that was then involved with the project

was opposite the village maneaba. As there were a large number of babai pits in this

area that would have been affected by the gallery, the village asked the team to select

an alternate site.

The second site selected by the team affected only three plots of land. Negotiations

with these landowners was mostly undertaken under KAPIII.

- One of the land plots is owned by the Catholic Church, who gave their agreement

to the project.

- Another plot of land was owned by Kinatio Rabangaki mtmm. Most of Kinatio’s

siblings live in Tabonibara, and readily gave their agreement. However as

Kinatio’s name is on the land registration, they asked the team to contact him as

he, as their representative, should be the person to give the agreement. Kinatio

lives in New Zealand. It is understood that the siblings expected Kinatio to give

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his agreement. Kinatio was contacted by the KAPIII team by both email (through

his daughter), and by phone, on a number of occasions, and was provided with

information about the project. Kinatio told the team that he would discuss it

with his lawyer. The team was then notified and told that his agreement would

not be given.

- The third plot of land is owned by Tarua Tekaai (with others). The people of the

village knew that he had moved to the Solomons many years ago, but nobody

had any contact details for him. The CET made contact with Kaburoro Ruaia who

was another I-Kiribati working in the Solomons. Kaburoro knows Tarua, and was

able to put the team in contact with him. The team made contact with Tarua, via

email, on a number of occasions. Tarua informed the team that she did not wish

her land to be used if there was to be no lease payments.

The team therefore searched for another alternate site in Tabonibara. A third site was

selected, but when it was pegged out it was found there was a cemetery that was

close to the gallery.

The team therefore searched for, and found, a fourth site for the gallery.

- One of the land plots (the second from the southern-most end as originally

pegged out) is owned by a number of Teauoki Uentekai mtmm. Some of the

brothers agreed, but two did not give their agreement sue to no lease payments

being made, and concern that water on their land might be reduced.

- The site for the gallery was therefore moved northwards so that it did not cross

Teauoki’s land. All land owners agreed at the new site.

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Annex H: Summary of community engagements undertaken

Table 8 gives a summary of community engagements undertaken under KAPII. This

information has been obtained from a variety of reports from KAPII, not all of which have

specifically been community engagement reports. The SWE is aware that a number of other

community engagaments were undertaken under KAPII, but no reports could be found for

these. In part this may be because some of these discussions may have been combined with

discussions regarding the groundwater assessments that were being undertaken at that time.

Table 9 gives a summary of community engagements undertaken on North Tarawa under

KAPIII. Most of these trips co-incided with a sitting of the Land Court at Abaokoro, where

assistance and support was given to land owners as required. Note that only strictly

community engagement activities are listed in the summary. Other activities were sometimes

undertaken as well, especially when the SWE and/or surveyors were present, such as revising

the location for the gallery, determining what babai pits might be infilled, trying to determine

where pipes might be laid, surveying of boundaries, or counting of trees. Detailed reports are

available for all of these visits, which give much fuller details of people met with and all

activities undertaken.

Unfortunately specific records were not kept of the visits made to individual landowners on

South Tarawa. Error! Reference source not found. gives a summary of the purposes of the

various visits made, names of people visited (but it only lists names of landowners associated

with the final sites, whereas other landowners were also visited during the process but if it

was decided not to proceed with their land they are not listed here), and dates on which

visitations were made, but it does not state the number and actual dates of visits made to

individual landowners (at least three visits were made to each landowner, but most

landowners were visited 7 or more times, depending on land issues).

Table 8: Summary of Consultations undertaken under KAPII project15

Date Summary of Consultation

There was obviously at least one, and possibly more than one, community engagement prior to 31st August 2010, for

At least one meeting was held with the entire village, presumably to give an introduction to the proposed water abstraction and supply system, and gauge the community’s interest. There were almost certainly less formal meetings held with unimane and others from the villages also, and possibly preliminary scoping of a possible site for a gallery. Such meetings would also have been held with Nabeina, who turned down

15 Note

(i) There is no single report summarising the community engagements undertaken during KAPII. This table is based on various individual reports, but it may be that a number of community engagements have not been recorded in this table.

(ii) At Tabonibara, the location selected for the gallery under KAPII were rejected under KAPIII, primarily due to issues with obtaining landowner agreements. At Notoue the site selected under KAPIII was partly

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Date Summary of Consultation

both Notoue and Tabonibara

the offer of a gallery. However records of these early community engagements undertaken under KAPII have not been found.

Notoue: 31st August 2010 Tabonibara: 1st September 2010

Formal meeting held with village. This was a follow-up to previous consultations undertaken. The objectives were to further explain the infiltration gallery, raise design and maintenance issues, and obtain feedback from the communities

17-20 Sept and 6th Oct 2010 Tabonibara and Notoue

Interviews with individuals in Tabonibara and Notoue to assess their awareness of the project, to ascertain their support for the project, and obtain information on water use and awareness, and other relevant information.

Oct-2010- Feb 2011 No records were found of community engagements undertaken during this time. However it is believed that a meeting was held with the communities possibly in Nov 2010 to explain to them that the construction would be held over until KAPIII, but community engagements would continue under KAPII in preparation for the project.

3rd - 4th of February 2011 – Tabonibara and Notoue

Informing Tabonibara and Notoue about coming socio-economic impact assessment and surveys.

10th - 14th of February 2011 - Tabonibara and Notoue

Initial survey of potential water infiltration gallery area, landowner register check with North Tarawa Court Clark, interviews with landowners about socio-economic impact assessment.

18th - 20th of March 2011 – Tabonibara and Notoue

Continued socio-economic impact assessment interviews and landowner update in both villages. Again double checking North Tarawa Land Register and Community story in regards to land ownership.

5th -6th of April – Tabonibara and Notoue

Continued landowner identification process in Tabonibara and Notoue and with the Court Clark in Abaokoro.

10th – 11th of May – Tabonibara and Notoue

Made an estimate of the number of trees within the potential Water Protection area and construction zone as well as access corridor in Tabonibara and Notoue.

20th of May 2011 –Tabonibara

Boundary estimation with relevant landowners and North Tarawa Magistrate in Tabonibara.

28th of May 2011 – Notoue

Boundary estimation with relevant landowners and North Tarawa Magistrate in Notoue.

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Table 9: Summary of Community Consultations held at North Tarawa under KAPIII

Date Members of CET

Summary of Consultations undertaken

8-9 October 2013, Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon CASE Clare COMO Kantaake LMD Reei Tioti MIA – Marion Namina MPWU WT: Bwebwentarawa Teiti

Initial consultation under KAPIII. Letter sent in advance to Mayor, and meeting with village leaders met to advise them of meeting. Village meeting, all members of village invited. At Tabonibara 72 individuals attended, representing 41 households. At Notoue 64 individuals attended, representing 39 households. At the meeting the community were given an overview of KAPIII; background information on what an infiltration gallery is and what the system will look like (this was done as a powerpoint); the community were invited to ask question and give comments. This was followed by a group-work session identifying potential issues regarding the system, and ways of addressing these. The community expressed their desire that the project go ahead.

09 to 13 December 2013, Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon CASE Clare LMD Reei Tioti MIA - Marion

Interviews undertaken with all households in Notoue, to determine population, undertake a survey of drinking water needs and well quality, and map all households. Land issues relating to the galleries were also investigated. In Tabonibara met with village leaders, office bearers of the village and village councillor, regarding land issues.

09 to 14 February 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

CAGE Amon Timon CASE Clare Anterea MIA - Tearawa Teem LMD- Moote Anata Water Technician-BwebwentarawaTeiti

Notoue: met informally with village leaders to update them on the progress of the land issues, and to enlist their support in dealing with landowners. Informal meeting with individual landowners regarding progress to date, their land court hearings, and offering of support and assistance where required. At Tabonibara met informally with a number of people and discussed issues. Informal meeting with individual landowners regarding progress to date, their land court hearings, and offering of support and assistance where required.

9 – 13 March 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

CAGE Amon CASE Clare LMD Tentoa Teea WT- Bwebwetarawa

Notoue: Informal meeting with Councillor and Unimaane, to update them on land issues; meeting with extended family members of landowners and organize contact regarding absentee landowner; offering support as requiredresolving one land registration issue between two families in a court sitting on the 11/03; preparing for land boundary determination (LBD) on Tuesday 18/03. Tabonibara: .Informal meeting with the chairperson of the village council, and village elder to update them on progress with the land issues; several meetings and follow-up with individual landowners and extended families that are eligible to stand in court hearing for land registration and also for LBD.

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Date Members of CET


16 – 21 March 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon CASE Clare LMDO Tetoa WT Bwebwentarawa

Notoue: Meeting informally with magistrates, council employees, Head of the village and other elders informing them about absentee landowner rejection to LBD; meetings with land and babai pit owners; Providing support and assisting with organisation as required for Land court hearing on 18th March; assisting with preparation for land court hearing on 8th April. Tabonibara: 1. Informal meeting with unimaane and landowners informing them about absentee landowner rejection; looking for new site and meeting with persons in the village regarding this; meetings wil land and babai pit owners; Providing support and assisting with organisation as required for Land court hearing on 18th March; assisting with preparation for land court hearing on 8th April.

02 to 10 April 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMDO Tetoa WT Bwebwentarawa

Informal meetings with individual village elders regarding land issues and how to proceed and asking for village support in clearing land boundaries; meetings with individual landowners; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

14 -18 April 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

CAGE Amon LMDO Tentoa WT Bwentarawa

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane on the progress of the land issues; meetings with individual landowners; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

23 -26 April 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMDO Tentoa WT Bwentarawa


04 to 13 May 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMDO Tentoa WT Bwentaratawa

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane on the progress of the land issues; meetings with individual landowners; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing (which was cancelled on the day); meetings regarding change of site at Tabonibara

25th May to 1st June 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMDO Mita Temakei WT Bwentaratawa

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane on the progress of the land issues; meetings with individual landowners; atTabonibara discussing with relevant persons the new (3rd) site for the gallery and identifying and meeting with land owners

8th June to 12th June 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

CAGE Amon LMDO Tentoa Teea WT Bwentaratawa


16 to 19 June 2014

CAGE Amon LMDO Miita

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane on the progress of the land issues; meetings with individual

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Date Members of CET


Tabonibara and Notoue

WT Bwentarawa landowners; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

13 to 17 July 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMDO Miita WT Bwentarawa

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane at Tabonibara on the progress of the land issues ; meetings with individual landowners at both villages; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

21st July to 2nd August 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMDO Miita WT Bwentarawa

Formal meeting with village leaders at Tabonibara to request assistance of whole village with bush clearing; meetings with individual landowners at both sites; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

08 to 12th August 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMD Miita WT Bwentarawa

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane at Tabonibara on the progress of the land boundary determination ; meetings with individual landowners at both villages; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

20th August to 6th September 2014; Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMD Miita WT Bwentarawa LSurveyor Tiwere Chainman Kiraneti Chainman Tourakai

Formal meetings with village leaders on the progress; meetings with individual landowners at both villages; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing and surveying of boundaries and counting of trees.

12 to 14th September 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

CAGE Amon LMD Miita WT Bwentarawa LSurveyor Tiwere

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane at Notoue on the progress of the land boundary determinations ; meetings with individual landowners at both villages; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

24th Sept to 04th October 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

CAGE Amon LMD Miita WT Bwentarawa

Informal meetings with the Village leader/unimane on the progress and status, including discussions on signing of agreements ; meetings with individual landowners at both villages; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing

10 to 18 October 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

SWE Marella CAGE Amon LMD Miita WT Bwentarawa LSurveyor Tiwere Chainman Taie

Both informal and formal meetings . with the Village leader/unimane on the progress and status, including discussions on signing of agreements and the ceremony for this; meetings with individual landowners ; providing assistance and support as required regarding the land court hearing and surveying of boundaries and counting of trees; helping the communities in preparing for the Voluntary Land Use Agreement signing ceremonies

114

Date Members of CET


Chainman Tourakai

26th October 2014 Tabonibara and Notoue

These ceremonies were each attended by an MP, a rep from the Australian High Commission, a rep from MPWU, a rep from OB, a rep from MIA, and reps from the KAP

Witnessing the signing of VLUA by landowners. These formal ceremonies were held concurrently at Tabonibara and Notoue and were organized and hosted by the respective Village communities.

15th – 19th December 2015 Notoue and Tabonibara

CAGE Amon Meeting with landowners, caretakers, babai pit owners and others to collect information for the socio-economic survey; visits with village leaders re staus of project, and to obtain further information as required.

16th – 20th February 2015 Notoue and Tabonibara

CAGE Amon

Meeting with landowners, caretakers, babai pit owners and others to collect further information for the socio-economic survey; visits with village leaders re staus of project, and to obtain further information; meeting with landowner where new land registration is required due to death of landowner

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Table 10: Summary of visits made to land owners living on South Tarawa

Summary of consultations:

a) Introductory visit to the land owner to inform them about the galleries, explain the systems, explin that there would be no leasing monies for use of the land, though compensation would be paid for removal of trees and ask for their consent.

b) Discussion of land registration and land boundary determination status, issues, and what is required

c) Assistance and support to land owners as required in the organisation of land registrations and land boundary determinations, including taking them to the wharf if required.

d) Informing them of the signing ceremony and assisting with arrangements and transport if required, or making other arrangements for the signing where necessary

Dates on which visits were made (but not all landowners were necessarily met with on all these dates, and there may have been other dates on which landowners were visited which are not recorded)

a) About the 27/05/14 – For most land owners this was the introductary visit

b) About the 8/06/14: this was generally follow-up visit, and discussion and organisation regarding land registration

c) 16/06/14 to 25/06/14; this was to do with land issues d) 7/06/14 to 13/07/14; this was to do with land issues e) 18/07/14 to 24/07/14; this was to do with land issues

f) 28/07/14; this was a follow-up / introductory visit for some land

owners

g) 3/08/2014 to 15/08/2014; this was a follow-up visit and to do with land issues for some landowners

h) 13/08/14 to 15/08/14; this was to do with land issues

i) 8/09/14; this was to do with land issues

j) 16/09/14; this was to do with land issues k) 1-3/10/14; this was to do with the signing ceremony

l) 20-25/10/2014; this was to get signature of those unable to attend

the signing ceremony

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Officials who did the visitation.

Claire Anterea from KAPIII undertook most the visits, together with Miita Temakei from Lands. Amon was involved with several visits Kantaake Corbett was involved with the first visit to Sr. Itabera Marella Rebgetz, SWE, was also involved with several visits to Banuera.

Details of persons visited

a) Tabonibara: Plot 300a. Met with Teata Tominiko, at Eita, South Tarawa.

b) Tabonibara: Plot300e. Met with Nei Tabuti Kakianako and Nei Baranika at Bikenibeu

c) Tabonibara Plot 300 i/1. Met with the two nieces of Birikaua Ioteba

at Betio

d) Tabonibara Plot 300i/. Met with Taraora and his brother Kiaua Ataniman at Betio

e) Tabonibara 300 i/3. Met with Arawaia and his wife at Tabonga

f) Tabonibara plot 301a. Met with Moevasa Kakaiua at Betio

g) Tabonibara Plot 301 e. Met with Teea Tebana and his daughter

h) Notoue Plot 262i. Met with Sr Itabera Abaraam and two other

sisters at the OLSH convent at Teaoreareke.

i) Notoue Plot 263e1 and 264a. Met with Banuera Berina at Abaunamou (Teaoraereke)

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Annex I: Brochures giving information on infiltration galleries

There are two brochures given in this Annex. The first two pages are the brochure explaining

the infiltration galleries, and the second two pages are the brochure explaining why babai pits

that are near infiltration galleries need to be infilled. Both of these brochures are designed to

be printed double-sided on A4 paper (they have been reduced in size in this Annex), and

folded three times into a brochure.

122

Annex J: Sheet for recording weight of babai

123

Annex K: Forms for Payment of Compensation

124

Annex L: Template for Voluntary Land Use Agreement

Ministry of Environment, Land and Agricultural Development

& Ministry of Public Works and Utilities

REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI

____________________________________

TE BORARAOI N ANGANANO IBUKIN KABONGANAAKIN MWAKORON TE ABA

Ibukin

TE MWANIBWA AE ‘BOOU’ – AE IAI RANGANA:

KAREKEAN TE RAN MAI ANTANO AO KABUTAKINA INANONI BWAIBU IBUKIA

KAAIN TE KAWA AE ******** I TARAWA TEINAIETA

____________________________________

Ni moanaki man ******* (bongin namwakaina te ririki), te mwakoro n aba ae kinaki n

arana ao nambwana ******** ni kaawan Tarawa Teinaieta ae *****, n aron ae

125

kaotaki tamneina nte mwabe ae e airi ma te beeba aei (Annex A), ao n tauaki

mwina nte boowi n aba n arana ae ***********

Aran te Kiraaka nte boowi, Abaokoro _________________________________

Ana Tiaina te Kiraaka nte boowi, Abaokoro _____________________________

Ngai/Ngaira taan abaaba, Ti kamatoa ikai bwa e a tia n reke raoi otara nte

kabwarabwara man rabwata aika:

I/Ti a n kaongoaki iroun:

MELAD: ____________________________________ (name of officer)

MPWU: ____________________________________ (name of officer)

Others: ____________________________________ (name of officer)

ao ni kataua naba bwa:

1. Taani maeka ke kaain te kawa ae ***,**** A tia ni kariaia kateakin te mwanibwa n

ran ma bwaina nako ibukin karerekean aia ran kain te kawa ni kabane. Te Ran

aio e na oneti ibukin te kawa ao n aki karaiaaki ranna nakoia kawa ake tabeua.

2. Ibukin katanakin raoiroin ranin te mwanibwa man kararanga n ran rinanon

rangan nako te mwaniba e na katauaki rababana ae 30 te miita ao ***** te miita

abwakina ni katobibia te mwanibwa ma rangana ao ni kamatoaaki n aranaki bwa

Mwaaken te tabo n ran (WPZ) ae na kawakinaki man tararuaaki. Iai mwakoron te

tabo n ran aei ae e reke inanon abau/abara (ae kaotaki ieta). Aikai waare ke

126

nambwa iaon te mwabe, aika a kanikinaei koonan abau/abara are e reke ni

mwaaken te tabo n ran (WPZ)

Eastings Northings Longitude Latitude

Corner 1

Corner 2

Corner 3

Corner4

are e kona naba n nooraki n te bukinibaa A.

127

3. I/Ti ataia ae a na riai n ereaki aroka ma ni kaitiakaki aon te tabo n ran ke mwaaen

te mwanibwa ae boou. I/Ti ataia ae e na iai te kaboomwi ae ti teuana taina ni

kabwakaaki ibukin arokan abau/abara ake a kaitiakaki ke kanakoaki mani

mwaaken te tabo n ran, ni kaineti ma are e kabwarabwaraki n te bukini baa B

ibukin mwaitin te mwane ni kaboomwi ibukin aroka n aekakia are e a tia ni

baireia Te Tautaeka (Tebetembwa 2011) n aron te katoto ae i-nano:

Type of tree

Aekakin kaai n

Amwarake ni mwaaken

abau/abara

Number of

trees

Mwaitina

Compensation

rate (per tree)

Boon teuana te

aroka

Total

compensation

due mwaitin

boona

Coconut: Fruit bearing $80


with trunk

$40

Coconut: Non-bearing

without trunk top

$2


bearing -kaina ae iai

uaana

$37

Pandanus tree: non

bearing -kaina aki uaa

$19

Pandanus tree: newly

planted- kaina ae uarereke

$1

TOTAL COMPENSATION DUE Te boota ni kaboomwi ae

na reke imwiin te wareware ao te kaitiaki are e na karaoaki

4. I/Ti ataia ao ni kariaia naba bwa akea riki te mwane ni kaboomwi ae na bwaka

imwin are e a tia bwaka iaan. ibukin kabonganaakin te aba.

128

5. I/Ti ataia bwa ngkana e na tararuaaki raoi raoiroin ma itiakin te ran ni mooi man te

tabo n ran (WPZ) ao a na tabukaki karaoan bwaai aika a na mwaneweaki inano,

inanon mwaaken te tabo n ran (WPZ), ao inanon tain te boraraoi aei:

- kateitei n aekaia nako, ke umwa ni katantan

- te beka iaon mwaaken te tabo n ran (WPZ

- kenakin mwanibwa riki tabeua

- taunakiia aomata (maate)

- taunakiia maan aika mate

- kawakinakiia man

- ruua ni bwabwai

- unikakin kaina (iiri ntou)

- unikakin banana

- kenakin ruarua n aekaia nako

- katean oonaroka, uee ma kaai n amwarake aika a buuki inano

- kabonganakin bwainaorakian te aroka

- unikakin kaai n amwarake

- kabonganan bwai ni mwakuri ake a maiu man te intin (turakita, baai ni

keniken, ao a bati riki)

- kabonganan ke kabwaroan kemikoro iaontano

- karenakoan maange

- kenakin ao anakin te tano ke atama

- te keniken n aki akaka

- karaoan riki bwaai aika a na kona ni karika kabuakakaan te ran.

E ti kariaiakaki te riaon te tabo n ran ibukin te nakonako ke ibukin te kan roko

iterana are nako tanrake.

E aki naba katauaki kenakin te rua ni bwabwai nte raroa ae 20 te miita man

mwaaken te tabo n ran, Ao uruakakin bwain nako te Mwanibwa ake a toma

nakon te mwanibwa, ni ikotaki ma bwain mwakurina ake a toma man te

mwanibwa ao man te mwanibwa nakon te Tanke n tibwatibwa ao ni kakanoa are

katukaki ieta, ao man Te tangke nakon taian taebo aika 16 iaon *******.

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I/Ti ataia bwa ngkana iai te bwai ae I/Ti karaoia, ke iai te bwai ae I/Ti ataia bwa e

karaoaki ae tabuakaki iaon te tabo nran, ao Nna/Tina bon kona ni katuaeaki

ntuan botaki aika a tia ni kateaki.

6. I/Ti kataua mai nanora ni kariaia:

(a). Kakoauaana n aron ae e a tia ni mwaneweaki bwa ibukin te aba ae e a

tia ni kakinaaki ngkai bwa te Tabo n ran (WPZ) ao bon akea te kaniwanga

ae reke nakoiu/nakoira ibukin kabonganaakin mwakoron abau/abara/, bon ti

are e kabwakaaki bwa te kaboomwi nakoiu/nakoira ibukin ereakin ma

kaoutakin kai n amwarake n aron are e maneweaki ieta.

(e). Bwa te boraraoi aei e na tiku n arona ae ngkai ni ira teimatoan ke maanin

butiraoin te mwanibwa n ran aei, ao e na kabaebae naba aei nakoia taan

abaaba ake imwiina ngkana a na iai bitakin te tia ababa n taai aika na roko.

(i) Bwa e na ti kona ni katokaki te boraraoi aei irouia kain ********* n aia reitaki

ma te Botaki ni Mwakuri ibukin Mwakuri ao Korakora, ao te Botaki ni

Mwakuri ibukin Enwaeromenta, Aaba ao Karikirakean Te Ununiki.

7. I/Ti ota raoi bwa te Boraraoi aei bon akea mwina nakon ao e bon aki rootaki iai te

bwaibwai n te aba ma e ti rekereke ma kabonganaakin te aba.

8. I/Ti a tia ni kaongoraeaki bwa iai inaomatau/inaomatarara n aki kataua

abau/abara bwa e na kabonganaaki ibukin te Tabo n Ran ke Te manibwa ae iai

rangana, ao ni kona naba n aki tiaaina te boraraoi aei. I/ti bon aki namakina te

kairoroaki ke te eenaki nte aro ae matoa ibukin kani karaoan are ti taku bwa te

kabanea n raoiroi. I/Ti ataia naba ao ni kakoaua bwa ni karaoan ae I/Ti karaoia

ikai bon akea mwina ae e na rangi n rootaki iai mweraoia kain au/ara utu.

130

9. I/Ti a tia ni kaongoaki naba ibukin tangitang ke aki rau n nano ngkana iai

mairou/mairoura ke ngkana iai baika I/Ti aki kukurei iai mani moanakin te waaki,

imwaain tiainaakin ke imwin tiainaakin te boraraoi aei ao boni iai kawain uotakin te

tangitang. Kawain te tangitang e kabwarabwaraaki nte bukinibaa ae e atuunaki n

Annex C ae e nim iaan te boraraoi aei.

10. I/Ti kariaia bwa te Boraraoi aei e tauaki ma ni kawakinaki mwina (recorded)

(korea aran te tabo are e na tauaki ma ni kawakinaki iai, nte Boki n Aba n Aobitin

te Bowi n Aba. Katotoon te boraraoi e a tia ntabwanin raoi tiaainakina ma

kakoauaana a na kawakinaki nte Aobiti n Aba (MELAD office) I Bairiki, ao n

Aobitin te Kauntira i Abaokoro.

Aran te Tia Ababa ao Ana Tabo are e maeka iai nte tai aei,

Arana___________________________________________________________

Ana Tabo__________________________________________________________

Ana Tiaina te Tia Ababa

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Bonginaki ______________________________

131

Iai kakoauakin Aran Te Tia Ababa nte boki n aba ba Te Tia tiaina ibukia mwanena

ma tarina: Iai /Akea?

Kakoauaakin Aia Tiaaina Taan Abaaba man :

MELAD:

Aram_______________________________________

Nakoam ____________________________________

Tiaina_______________________________________

Bongina: __________________________

MPWU:

Aram_______________________________________

Nakoam ____________________________________

Tiaina_______________________________________

Bongina: __________________________

Taan Kakoaua Te Ka-tiaaina aei

Te moan Kakoaua: Ana koraki Te Tia Abaaba

Aram_______________________________________

Nakoam ____________________________________

Tiaina_______________________________________

Bongina: __________________________

132

Kauoman : Tei I bukin Te Kauntira nte Kaawa Ae Tabonibara

Aram_______________________________________

Nakoam ____________________________________

Tiaina_______________________________________

Bongina: __________________________

Kateniman : Ibukia Unimaane iaon Tabonibara

Aram_______________________________________

Nakoam ____________________________________

Tiaina_______________________________________

Bongina: __________________________

133

Annex A: Map showing affected land and location of infiltration gallery

134

Annex B: Compensation Rates

136

Annex C: Grievance procedures

Kawain Uotakin Te Tangitang: E kakiototoaki ao e kaineti ma Mwakurian ke katean Te Mwanibwa n Ran I Tarawa Teinaieta

Ngai (te Tia Abaaba ke temanna kain te kaawa) iai au tangitang n

irekereke ma te Mwanibwa n Ran ae teo n au kaawa

E bon maiu ke ni

waaki KAPIII

project still on-

going?

Ribootina am tangitang nakon

temanna ae mwakuri nte KAPIII

Project

Eng

Ai 5 te bong ni

mwakuri n nako. E

a reke buokau ke e

a tuai?

E a toki au

tangitang

Ngkana e a toki KAP ao nna ribootina au

tangitang nakon au kauntira n au kawa nte

koroboki.

E a reke

E a toki

E tuai reke

buokau

137

E rekereke au tangitang ma te aba ke kumean

aontano ke e rekereke ma katamaroaan te ran ni

mooi? Ke tao Mwakurian (Kateakin) te tabo n ran

?

Ngai ke te Kauntira I a kona ni kakaea riki buokau

man taabo tabeua n aron te Botaki it tinanikun te

Tautaeka ni kakaea buokan te kanganga

E irekereke ma te aba Te Mwakurian Te Tabo n ran

ke Katamaroaan te ran

Au Kauntira e na ribootina au kanganga ke au

tangitang nakon te Kiraaka nte Kauntira

Te Kiraaka e na baronga au tangitang nakon te

Boowi ni Kauntira n Abamwakoro

138

Te kiraka e na koroboki iaon au tangitang

nakon te MELAD. Te Kiraaka e kanakoa

katotoon te reta anne nakon te MIA.

Ai 10 te bong imwin

au tangitang

inanoni bain te

Kiraaka ao e a tia

nreke buokana?

E reke

buokana

Ngkai e tuai buokaki ao nnang uotia nakon

Kometen te aba (LACC) bwa e na rinanoaki

iai.Nna tuangaki bwa nna koroboki iaona ke nna

taekina au rongorongo bwa e na koreaki.

Eng

E tuai

Ai 10 te bong imwin

au tangitang

inanoni bain te

Kiraaka ao e a tia

nreke buokana?

Eng

E tuai

Ngkai e tuai ao nnang uotia

nakon te boowi are inano

E a reke buokana man te

boowi are inano

E na kanakoaki te reta nakon MPWU ao

katotoon te reta nakon te MIA.

139

E na teweaki te boowi man te LACC are nna iri iai . E kona te

LACC ni kaboanganaia rabwata tabeua ibukin buokan

ongoraeakinan au tangitang.

E rekereke te tangitang aei

ma mwiin te katoka ara,

toutia ke te bwaka mwane

ni kabomwi?

Ai 15 working te bong ni

mwakuri imwina. E a reke

buokan au kanganga? E a

roko n tokina/

E a toki te

tangitang Eng

Bwaka

mwane

N rekereke ma te aba

E bon tuai

Katoka ara ma ke te toutia

140


Nnang karokoa nte Boawi ae Rietata au

tangitang ibukin te Katoka ara ma te

Toutia bwa e a bon tia rimatan te Boowi

are Inano

E a toki n Ana Baire te Bowi

ae Rietata

Nnang riai n uota tangiu

nakon te Bowi ae Rietata

E a toki n Ana Baire

te Bowi ae Rietata


Bwaka

mwane

___________________________________________________ Record of Complaint, Version 1 [141]

Annex M: Grievance Procedures:

Note these grievance procedures are specific to issues arising associated with Construction of Water Abstraction and Delivery System, North Tarawa.


I (landowner or other person in village) have a concern or a problem

or a complaint regarding the water abstraction and supply system

Is the KAPIII project

still on-going?

Report issue to someone

from the KAPIII Project

Report my issue to my local Councillor. Make

sure that it is written down that the Councillor

has received the complaint.

It is 5 working days later.

Has my issue been resolved

and am I satisfied with the

decision / solution?

Issue resolved

No Yes

No

Yes

The Councillor reports my complaint to the

Council Clerk, who records it.

The Council Clerk brings the issue to the full

meeting of the ETC Council. It is then recorded

in the Minutes, which are sent to the MIA.


Is my complaint a compensation issue

or does it involve issues with water

quality or construction issues?

Council Clerk gives written copy of my

complaint to the MELAD. The Clerk also

sends a copy to the MIA.

Council Clerk gives written copy of my

complaint to the MPWU. The Clerk also

sends a copy to the MIA.

Compensation

issue

Construction or

water-related issue

It is 10 working days

later. Has my issue

been resolved and am

I satisfied with the


?

Issue

resolved


later. Has my issue

been resolved and am

I satisfied with the


?

Yes

No

Yes

No


Yes No

I need to take my issues to the

Magistrates Court.

Issue resolved by

Magistrate’s Court

Are my land

registrations up-to-date

and have my land

boundaries been

determined?

Up-date my land registration

and/or get my land

boundaries determined

through the Magistrates

Court.

Resubmit my issue to the

KAPIII office and/or Lands

Department of MELAD.


later. Has my issue

been resolved and am I

satisfied with the


?

Issue

resolved

My problem is reported to the Land

Acquisition and Compensation

Committee (LACC). I will be told of

this verbally and/or in writing.


Yes

No

The LACC will meet with me. They may also

involve external persons or organisations.

It is another 15

working days later.

Has my issue been

resolved and am I

satisfied with the


Issue

resolved

I need to take my issues

to the High Court. Issue resolved

by High Court


Annex N: Complaint Record Form

Summary sheet (cover sheet)

Name of Complainant ________________________________________________________________

Date Status16 Summary Notes17 Who is responsible for next step?

16 E.g.: Reported, actioned, with Court, Resolved 17 This is only intended to be a one sentence summary of what was undertaken on the action date. Details are to be given in the main section of the document.


Details of complaint

Name of Complaint (person making complaint)

Address of Complainant

Telephone number

Email address

If they do not have a phone or email, how can they be contacted?

Is the person making the complaint doing so on their own behalf, or on the behalf or some-one else?

If the complaint is being made on behalf of some-one else, give the name and address of the person they are making the complaint on behalf of:

Date Complaint Received

Name and organisation of person receiving the complaint

How was the complaint received (e.g. phone, orally, by letter, by email)?


Details of complaint:

(attach copies of all supporting documents supplied)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Signature of person making complaint ________________________________


Details of follow-up meetings with Complainant:

(attach a copy of this sheet for every follow-up meeting held with the Complainant)

Date

Who was at the meeting?

Details of meeting

(attach copies of all supporting documents and all documents

tabled)__________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Signature of person making report:

________________________________


Persons notified of complaint

Name of person Organisation to which person belongs

Date notified How was the person notified, and by whom

Comments


Name of person Organisation to which person belongs

Date notified How was the person notified, and by whom

Comments


Details of Action taken:

(attach a copy of this sheet each time there is follow-up action undertaken)

Date

Details of action taken

(attach copies of all supporting documents)

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Signature of person making report:

________________________________

Next steps required

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________


Person responsible for next step

Date by which next step to be completed

Any other comments

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Kiribati Adaptation Program Phase III (KAP III) Abbreviated...

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