Kingdom Eumycota - The True Fungi2

8/16/2019 Kingdom Eumycota - The True Fungi2

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KINGDOM EUMYCOTA - The

True Fungi

Phylum Basidimy!"a

Disclaimer: Keep in mind that new systems that newinformation is changing our current understanding of how fungiare phylogenetically-related and should be taxonomicallyarranged.


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Phylum Basidimy!"a

Chara!"eris"i!s#

$% &e'"a"e my!elium

(% Basidia and )asidis'res

*% Clam' !nne!"ins% N" all Basidimy!e"es

'rdu!e "hese+ )u" ,hen a ungus des i" ,ill

al,ays )e a )asidimy!e"e%


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Basidimy!e"esChara!"eris"i!s#

.% T, main gru's+ )ased n mr'hlgy )asidia%

a% Basidia are se'"a"e and dee'ly l)ed

Order Uredinales / "he rus"s

i% Prdu!e all i0e s're s"ages / ae!is'res+ureds'res+ "elis'res+ )asidis'res and

s'erma"ia 1a2a 'y!nis'res3

ii% Im'r"an" genera / Puccinia, Gymnosporangium

Order Ustilaginales / "he smu"s

i% Prdu!e nly )asidis'res and "elis'res

ii% Im'r"an" genera / Ustilago, Tilletia


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Basidimy!e"esChara!"eris"i!s#

.% T, main gru's+ )ased n mr'hlgy )asidia%)% Basidia are uni!ellular+ nn-se'"a"e# ,d de!ay ungi

Order Aphyllophorales (aa !olyporales" / "he )ra!2e"

ungii% 4ymenium lines small 'res n underside s'r'hre

ii% Im'r"an" genera / Polyporus, Fomes

Order Agaricales / "he mushrmsi% 4ymenium lines gills 1lamellae3

ii% Im'r"an" genera / Armillaria, Agaricus


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Aphyllophorales Agaricales


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Phylum Basidimy!"a -

5Basidimy!e"es56 se'"a"e hy'hae+ "en ,i"h !lam' !nne!"ins 'resen"6 mul"i!ellular s'r!ar' !alled "he )asidima r )asidi!ar' is !mmn6 se7ual s'res 1)asidis'res3 'rdu!ed 0er a hymenium n "he sura!e

!lu)-sha'ed s"ru!"ures 1)asidium3 a" "he "i' s"erigma 1'l% 8 s"erigma"a36 sme gru's ha0e a 4O9OBA&IDIUM 1a single-!elled )asidium3+ ,hile

"hers 'ssess a P4:AGMOBA&IDIUM 1a )asidium "ha" is di0ided in"mre "han ne !ell )y "rans0erse r lngi"udinal se"'a%

6 0ery di0erse gru's 1rm sme "y'es yeas"s+ " rus" and smu" ungi+gilled-mushrms+ 'u)alls+ 'ly'res+ e"!%3

6 &'re dis!harge - seeh""'#;;,,,%an)g%g0%au;ungi;s're-dis!harge-mushrms%h"ml

6 &me "he ll,ing inrma"in and igures are rm

6 h""'#;;,,,%ule"h%!a;)i;)i$


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#he formation of a clamp connection and

maintenance of the diaryon in a basidiomycete


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4ymenium+ Basidia+and

Basidis'res


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#$O %A&'DU #)!*&

+O,O%A&'D'A!+AOO%A&'D'A


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OT4E: E@AMP9E& OF 4O9OBA&IDIA

AND P4:AGMOBA&IDIA


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Phylum Basidimy!"a# Three ma=r !lasses

6 /lass Uredinoiomycetes

/ Order Uredinales - The :us"s6 /lass Ustomycetes - #he &muts / Order Us"ilaginales

6 /lass %asidiomycetes / Order Tremellales- =elly ungi Tremella mesenterica - ,i"!hs )u""er / Order Auri!ulariales - ungus ears Auricularia auricula - ,d ear / Order A'hyll'hrales - !han"erelles+ ""h ungi+ 'ly'res+ !ral ungi%

/ Order Agari!ales - "he )le"es+ gilled mushrms - in2y !a's+ ys"er mushrms+e"!%

6 The following orders were formerly placed in the FORM CA!! Gasteromycetes or"stomach fungi"# / Order Phallales - s"in2hrns / Order 9y!'erdales- 'u)alls and ear"h s"ars / Order Tuls"ma"ales- s"al2ed 'u)alls / Order &!lerderma"ales - ear"h )alls / Order Nidulariales - )irds nes" ungi and s'here "hr,ers

6 OT4E: O:DE:& INC9UDED IN T4E C9A&& BA&IDIOMYCETE& BUT NOTCOE:ED IN C9A& / Orders &e'")asidiales+ Bra!hy)asidiales+ Da!rymy!e"ales+ Tulasnellales+

Melangas"rales+ and Gauieriales%


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:U&T AND &MUT FUNGI

6 Telimy!e"es 1ld

name3 r6 Class Uredinimy!e"es

/ Order Uredinales - The

:us"s

6 Class Us"my!e"es - The

&mu"s

/ Order Us"ilaginales

/ Uredinales (rusts" / Ustilaginales (smuts"


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The :us"s

These are )liga"e 'arasi"es% Generally "hese reuire ", hs" "!m'le"e "heir lie!y!le%

!rimary hosts / "he hs" n ,hi!h )asidia and )asidis'res are'rdu!ed%

Alternate host / "he "her hs" in "he lie !y!le n ,hi!hs'ermagnia and ae!ia are 'rdu!ed

Alternati0e host / "he hs" "ha" a 'a"hgen !an ine!" in 'la!e "he 'rimary r al"erna"e hs"s%

+eteroecious / rganisms ,i"h a 'rimary and al"erna"e hs"%

Autoecious / rganisms "ha" ha0e nly a single 1'rimary3 hs"%

acrocyclic rus" / lng !y!le rus"% Prdu!e all s're "y'es%

Demicyclic rus" / medium !y!le rus"% Omi"s uredia%

icrocyclic rus" / shr" !y!le rus"s% Prdu!es )asidis'res+"elis'res and s'erma"ia%


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Order Uredinales Order Ustilaginales


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The :us"s

6 &"em :us" hea" !aused )y Pucciniagraminis / :edu!es yield and uali"y grain ungus !auses

lesins r 'us"ules n ,hea" s"ems% / Managemen" - rem0e al"erna"e hs" 1i%e%+ )ar)erry3

use resis"an" !ul"i0ars ,hea"6 Cedar-A''le :us" !aused )y Gymnosporangium $uniperi%&irginianae / A''les )e!me dermed and ugly rui" siHe redu!ed

due " damage " liage

/ Managemen" - rem0al !edar "rees+ ,hi!h ser0esas "he al"erna"e hs" s'ray a''le "rees ,i"hungi!ides+ and use rus"-resis"an" a''le "rees


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$heat stem rust


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Cedar a''le rus" is !aused )y

Gymnosporangium $uniperi%&irginianum'

lac(s the uredia stage ) no repeating stage


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The &mu"s

6 Crn smu" !aused )y Ustilago maydis / Galls de0el' n male and emale 1ear3

inlres!en!es% / N ma=r me"hds !n"rl re!mmended "ends "

)e a !hrni! )u" rela"i0ely insignii!an" disease%6 9se smu" !ereals )y Ustilago a&enae+ U#

nuda+ and U# tritici / Fl,ering 'ar"s 'lan"s de0el' s're-illed galls

1"elis'res3 / ine!"ed seed "rea"ed ,i"h ungi!ides )ere 'lan"ing

use !er"iied smu"-ree seeds and sys"emi!ungi!ides h"-,a"er "rea"men" seed " 2ill ungus%


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Crn smu" !aused )y Ustilago maydis


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9se smu" !ereals


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Uredinales (rusts" Ustilaginales (smuts"

1. #eliospores terminal. 1. #eliospores intercalary.

2. %asidiospores 34 discharged from sterigmata. 2. %asidiospores 0ariable in number4 not onsterigmata4 not discharged.

5. &permagonia produce diaryotic stage. 5. 6o spermagonia7 diaryotic stage. stagearises from fusion of any two compatible cells.

3. /lamp connections absent. 3. /lamp connections common.

8. any species re9uire two hosts for completelife cycle.

8. 6e0er re9uires two hosts.

. ost species unculturable on artificial media. . ost species readily culturable.

;. 'nfections usually locali


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/lass %asidiomycetes

/ Order Tremellales- =elly ungi Tremella mesenterica - ,i"!hs )u""er / Order Auri!ulariales - ungus ears Auricularia auricula - ,d ear / Order A'hyll'hrales - !han"erelles+ ""h ungi+ 'ly'res+ !ral ungi% / Order Agari!ales - "he )le"es+ gilled mushrms - in2y !a's+ ys"er

mushrms+ e"!%6 The following orders were formerly placed in the FORM CA!!

Gasteromycetes or "stomach fungi"# / Order Phallales - s"in2hrns / Order 9y!'erdales- 'u)alls and ear"h s"ars / Order Tuls"ma"ales- s"al2ed 'u)alls / Order &!lerderma"ales - ear"h )alls / Order Nidulariales - )irds nes" ungi and s'here "hr,ers

6 OT4E: O:DE:& INC9UDED IN T4E C9A&& BA&IDIOMYCETE& BUTNOT COE:ED IN C9A& / Orders &e'")asidiales+ Bra!hy)asidiales+ Da!rymy!e"ales+

Tulasnellales+ Melangas"rales+ and Gauieriales%


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Order Tremellales - =elly ungi


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Order Auri!ulariales - ungus ears


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Order A'hyll'hrales


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Order Agari!ales


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Order Phallales / "he s"in2hrns


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Order 9y!'erdales / 'u)alls and

ear"hs"ars


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Order Tuls"ma"ales- s"al2ed

'u)alls


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Order &!lerderma"ales / ear"h )alls


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Order Nidulariales - )irds nes"

ungi and s'here "hr,ers


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My!'hagy - T ea" r n" " ea"J

6 MYCOP4AGY - 1Gr% my2es 8 mushrm 'hagein 8 " ea"3 is a 'ra!"i!e "ha" da"es )a!2 "an"iui"y%

6 Edi)le mushrms are gd sur!es 'r"ein1)y dry ,eigh"3+ indiges"i)le 5i)er5 1due "'resen!e !hi"in3+ sme '"en"ial medi!inal!m'unds+ and add di0ersi"y " ur mni0rusdie" 1e%g%+ "rue mrels+ ys"er mushrms+ )u""n

mushrms+ shii"a2e3%6 Mushrms in!lude "he s'r!ar's !er"ainmem)ers "he Phylum As!my!"a andBasidimy!"a%

Kingdom Eumycota - The True Fungi2

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