Kin 163 - Drugs, Supplements and Herbs for Weight Control

7/27/2019 Kin 163 - Drugs, Supplements and Herbs for Weight Control

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Introduction

Orlistat/ Alli - Marie

Omega 3 Supplements

Green tea - Cheryl Guarana - Stephanie

Chromium Supplements

Conclusion


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Obesity in the United States is a problem of increasingconcern.

Many people use over the counter weight loss drugs,

supplements, and herbs in hopes to lose weight fast &quick!

Many of these weight loss supplements make falseclaims, and can be harmful to your health.


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Orlistat is a prescription drug that promotes loss ofweight by preventing the digestion and absorption offat in food.

In the intestine, an enzyme called lipase breaks apart

fat in food so that it can be absorbed into the body.Orlistat blocks the action of lipase and therebyprevents the breakup and absorption of fat.

Orlistat blocks absorption of about 25% of the fat in a

meal. The unabsorbed fat is excreted in the stool. Alli,a lower dose formulation of orlistat can be bought overthe counter.


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Three Month Tolerability of Orlistat in Adolescents withObesity-Related Comorbid Conditions McDuffe et al.

Objective- To study the safety, tolerability, and potentialefficacy of orlistat in adolescents.

Design-Studied 20 adolescents in an open-label pilot trial.Subjects were evaluated before and after taking orlistat and

a multivitamin for 3 months. Subjects were simultaneouslyenrolled in a 12-week program emphasizing diet, exercise,and strategies for behavior change.


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20 obese white and African-American adolescentsaged 12-17 years old (10 boys/ 10 girls)were recruitedthrough newspaper advertisements and letters to localphysicians for participation in a weight-loss study.

Inclusion criteria: BMI>30, and possess at least one ofthe following obesity related comorbidities Hypertension

Type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance Hyperinsulinemia

Total cholesterol > 200mg/ dL

LDL-cholesterol > 130 mg/ d L

Hepatic Steatosis, or sleep apnea


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All subjects had two baseline evaluations under thesupervision of a guardian. One prior to the study andone after 3 months of orlistat treatment.

Subjects were given orlistat, 120 mg, and instructed to

take it 3 times daily with a meal. Subjects were also supplied with and instructed to take

a multivitamin every night before bed. (VitaminA,D,E,K)

Subjects also participated in a 12-week comprehensivebehavioral program that was aimed to reinforcedietary principles, encourage physical activity, andprovide psychosocial support.


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85% of participants who completed the treatmentreported taking 80% of the orlistat medication.

Adverse effects were generally mild, limited togastrointestinal effects, which decreased overtime.

3 subjects required additional Vitamin D

Weight, Cholesterol, & LDL-Cholesterol decreasedsignificantly while other variables decreased not asdrastically.

Overall, the weight loss among white subjects wasgreater than the weight loss among African-Americansubjects.


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First study to explore orlistats safety, tolerability, and efficacyin adolescent population.

Possible it will be necessary to monitor Vitamin D in African-American adolescents taking orlistat, since they may be atrisk for low vitamin D even before orlistat administration

Obesity-related co morbid conditions improved

LIMITATIONS: Study was limited by its open-label design,short duration, and small sample size.

CONCLUSION: Orlistat appears to be a relatively safe weightloss therapy for obese adolescents. However, orlistat inindividuals


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http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v10/n7/full/oby200287a.html

http://www.medicinenet.com/orlistat/article.htm

MsDuffie., J, Calis., & Uwaifo, G. (2002). Three-MonthTolerability of Orlistat in Adolescents with Obesity-Related Comorbid Conditions.Nature, 10, 642-650
http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v10/n7/full/oby200287a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v10/n7/full/oby200287a.htmlhttp://www.medicinenet.com/orlistat/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/orlistat/article.htmhttp://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v10/n7/full/oby200287a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v10/n7/full/oby200287a.html


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Essential Fatty Acids, otherwise known as Omega 3 andOmega 6 Fatty Acids, are polyunsaturated fatty acids foundin the oil from oily fish and vegetable sources such as flaxseeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, olive oil and canola oil.

Both types of EFAs are required for the production of

hormones that are responsible for regulating the majorbody functions, including digestion, insulin productionand the storage of fat.

Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids reduce

inflammation and may help lower risk of chronic diseasessuch as heart disease, cancer, and arthritis. Omega-3 fattyacids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to beimportant for cognitive (brain memory and performance)

and behavioral function.


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In order to eliminate excess body fat, you need to makesure you're eating enough of the right fats

Omega-3 fatty acids in the fish oil is thought to activate theenzymes responsible for burning fat, and combined with

exercise and increased oxygen intake, they increase themetabolic rate, which has an effect of burning more fat andlosing weight.

Exactly how omega-3 fatty acids work to aid weight loss isnot certain, although some experts suggest they increasefat burning or that they increase a feeling of fullness byimpacting the levels of hormones associated with hungerand appetite.


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Effects of Omega-3 supplementation in combination withdiet and exercise on weight loss and body composition

Objective: To assess whether supplemental omega-3 fattyacids in conjunction with diet and exercise augment weightloss over a 6 month period

Design: In a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial,128 subjects were assigned either a supplement or a placeboin conjunction with lifestyle modification


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Obesity epidemic in US has increased efforts to find waysto enhance weight loss

Studies in animals suggest that long-chain omega-3 fattyacids can enhance weight loss

Reasons for weight loss might include increases in body fatoxidation and energy expenditure, appetite-suppressingeffects, decrease in body fat mass, decreased insulinresistance and decreased blood pressure


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Sedentary men and women aged 30-60 were recruited fromthe general population

Participants were excluded for the following: Any medical condition or illness that could affect the

outcomes Liver function test results >2 times normal

Current use of weight-loss medication or hormonereplacements

High blood pressure

High omega-3 consumption in regular diet

Recent weight loss of >5% or current adherence to a diet

Pregnancy

Tobacco or drug use


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Participants were randomly assigned to receive either anomega-3 supplement (fish oil + omega-3) or placebo

Pills were to be taken twice a day, two with the first mealand three with the second meal

All received exercise and dietary counseling

They were told to exercise aerobically for 150 min per weekat 50-80% of their VO2 max

Participants were given heart rate monitors andmembership to a gym and told to complete exercise logs

They were given dietary counseling and were told tocomplete a food diary to monitor calorie intake


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81 of the 128 participants completed the 24 wk study Reasons for dropouts included: problems with the time

commitment, family conflict, and adverse effects of pill

Both groups lost an average of >5% body weight, BMI,

body fat and waist circumference Resting metabolic rate was similar for both groups

An average decrease in triglycerides of >20% was seen inboth groups

Food cravings declined in both groups


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No significant weight-reduction benefit was seen with theaddition of omega-3 fatty acids

Supplement group had a statistically significant increase inimportant fatty acid concentrations

Calorie consumption decreased in both groups

>5% weight loss was obtained for both groups

Limitations included: Significant withdrawal rate (27%)

Missing data from patient reported exercise Self-reporting might result in inaccurate data

Only healthy overweight or obese individuals were usedwithout significant metabolic abnormalities, which couldmask potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids


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http://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asp

http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htm

DeFina, L. , Marcoux, L., et al. (2011). Effects of omega-3supplementation in combination with diet and exercise on

weight loss and body composition1,2.American Journal ofClinical Nutrition, 93(2), 455-462.
http://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asphttp://www.mind1st.co.uk/omega-3-fish-oil-weight-loss.asp


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Effects of Green Tea

on Weight Loss


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Green Tea originates from China, made fromCamellia Sinensis leaves.

Subject of many medical studies to determine

extent of its health benefits Contains wide variety of vitamins and minerals

Polyphenols

Antioxidants


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The antioxidants in green tea

is thought to increase yourmetabolism, the problem liesin how much in boosts it.

One glass of green tea willincrease calorie burn by 14-18calories. That meansconsuming 5 glasses burns upto 90 calories.

1 pound = deficit 3500 calories

Tea alone cannot cause fat loss as extreme as theproducts claim


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A Green Tea Extract High in Catechins Reduces Body Fat

and Cardiovascular Risks in Humans.

Objective: The body fat reducing effect and reduction ofrisks for cardiovascular disease by a green tea extract high

in catachins was investigated in humans with typicallifestyles.

Design: Japanese men and women with visceral fat-typeobesity were recruited for the trial. Following a 2 week diet

run-in period, a 12-week double blind parallel trial wasperformed, subjects ingesting 583mg of catechins(catechin group) or 96mg of catechins (control group)each day. Randomization was stratified by gender and BMIat each medical institution.


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270 Japanese men and women aged 25-55 were recruitedfrom the general population

Participants all met the following conditions:

BMI of 24-30 kg/m2 (waist circumference of 80-94 cm)

Considered to be visceral fat-type obese

Not been treated at an outpatient department

No serious liver or renal disease


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Participants were assigned to receive either a GTE beverage high in

catechins, or placebo. Randomized double-blind, controlled parallelmulticenter trial was used.

Subjects consumed one can of test beverage each day for 12 weekperiod, within 1 hour of their evening meal.

All supplemental food products or medications were prohibited.Subjects were instructed to maintain usual dietary intake and physicalactivity.

Participants visited medical institution at 4-week intervals. Eating

and drinking (exception of water) were prohibited from 9pm theevening before, until after measurements were completed.

Participants recorded all eating habits an daily activity , whichreceived feedback from investigators in order to ensure subjects kept aconstant level of daily activity.


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210 of the 270 participants completed the 12-week study

Reasons for dropouts included: moved, were not visceralfat-type obese, suspected of having hepatic dysfunction.

Body weight, BMI, body fat mass, and waistcircumference decreased significantly over time >5%

Decrease of LDL-cholesterol was also observed


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Dietary fat intake and fat energy ratio decreased in bothgroups.

>5% weight loss was obtained for catechins (GTE) group

Limitations included: No diet or exercise plans were enforced

Self-reporting might result in inaccurate data

Only visceral fat-type obese individuals were used


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Nagao, T. , Hase, T. , & Tokimitsu, I. (2007). A green teaextract high in catechins reduces body fat andcardiovascular risks in humans.Obesity (19307381),15(6),1473-1483. Retrieved from

http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v15/n6/full/oby2007176a.html
http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v15/n6/full/oby2007176a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v15/n6/full/oby2007176a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v15/n6/full/oby2007176a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v15/n6/full/oby2007176a.html


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It is a fruit from Brazil

Contains about twice the amount of caffeine as a coffeebean

It has been said to promise benefits such as: Suppress appetites

Energy enhancement

Mental focus All natural weight loss remedy

But is it proven effective


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Objective: to examine in overweight humans theshort-term safety

Design: 8 week randomized, double-blind placebo

controlled

Subjects: Overweight men & women

Measurements:

1. body weight

2. internal


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67 subjects were randomized to either placebo oractive Ma Huang/Guarana.

24 subjects in each group completed the study

Active treatment produced significantly greater loss ofweight than did placebo. (P


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Boozer, CN., Nasser, JA., Heymfield, SB., Wang, V.,Chen, G., Solomon, JL. (2001) . An herbal supplementcontaining Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss: arandomized, double-blind trial. International Journal

of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders, 25(3), 316-24. Retrieved fromhttp://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-

66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarana
http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranahttp://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14http://web.ebscohost.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3014a6df-a06e-44a1-8381-66e58c4e80ba%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=14


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Essential nutrient requires for: Supporting fat metabolism Maintaining glucose and insulin

levels

Estimated safe and adequate dailydietary intake for Chromium is 50 to200 g (~ 0.05 to 0.2 mg)

Found in: tomatoes, oysters, wholegrains, potatoes, etc


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Promoted as dietary supplementfor weight loss and muscle gain

From 1996-2003, sales of

chromium supplementsincreased from $65 to $106million in the U.S.

80% of chromium supplementsare sold in form of chromiumpicolinate (CrPi)


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Chromium picol inate supplementation in women: effects on

body weight, composition, and iron status

Gold standard experimental study double-blind

randomized

controlled trial

Subjects: 83 premenopausal women (19-50 yrs old)

- 29 subjects in placebo group

- 27 subjects in picolinic acid group

- 27 subjects in chromium picolinate group

Chromium Picolinic acid

Placebo


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14-week experiment:

Subjects consumed only the diet given to them

Initial 14-day period, all subjects consumed the basal

chromium diet 12-week intervention each subject was given a capsule

containing placebo, chromium picolinate or picolonic

acid with breakfast

Skin-fold, bone & soft tissue composition measurements

were taken at the end of the equilibration period and then

at the end of each 4-week period during supplementation

Results: All three groups experience a decrease in body

weight and fat mass during the 12-week intervention

Conclusion: Chromium Picolinate does not promote weight

loss or change in body composition


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Lukaski, H. , Siders, W. , & Penland, J. (2007). Chromiumpicolinate supplementation in women: Effects on body

weight, composition, and iron status.Nutrition,23(3),187-195. Retrieved from

http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/45969/1/IND43898221.pdf

The World's Healthiest Food. (n.d.). Chromium.

Retrieved fromhttp://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=51
http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/45969/1/IND43898221.pdfhttp://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/45969/1/IND43898221.pdfhttp://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=51http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=51http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=51http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=51http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/45969/1/IND43898221.pdfhttp://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/45969/1/IND43898221.pdf


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Just because a product ispopular doesnt mean itseffective

Do research before buyingany type of health relatedproduct

The best way to lose weightis to eat healthy diet and bephysically active

Kin 163 - Drugs, Supplements and Herbs for Weight Control

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