Table of Common Herbs and Supplements
42
Table of Common Herbs and Supplements
Transcript of Table of Common Herbs and Supplements
Table of Common Herbs and Supplements
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Aca
i (ah
-sig
h-EE
)◆
◆B
erry
from
Sou
th a
nd
Cen
tral
Am
eric
a
Ant
i-can
cer
Ant
i-oxi
dant
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
No
scie
ntifi
c st
udie
s do
ne o
n us
e fo
r m
edic
al c
ondi
tion
s
Alle
rgic
to
acai
or
plan
ts in
pal
m fa
mily
May
aff
ect
MR
I res
ults
AD
Rs:
Hyp
erte
nsio
nG
I ble
edin
gU
lcer
s
Juic
e, c
apsu
le, p
owde
r,
tabl
ets
Wid
ely
used
, no
spec
ific
dosi
ng
Alo
e V
era
“bur
n pl
ant”
“l
ily o
f the
des
ert”
◆◆
Leav
es c
onta
in a
cle
ar g
el t
hat
can
be u
sed
topi
cally
◆◆
Gre
en p
art
of le
af t
hat
surr
ound
s
gel p
rodu
ces
juic
e or
dri
ed
subs
tanc
e (l
atex
) th
at c
an b
e
take
n or
ally
◆◆
Use
d ba
ck 6
000
year
s to
Eg
ypti
an t
imes
Scie
ntifi
c st
udie
s sh
ow b
enef
it
for
topi
cal g
el h
ealin
g bu
rns
and
abra
sion
s; h
owev
er, m
ay n
ot
wor
k fo
r de
ep s
urgi
cal w
ound
s or
ra
diat
ion
wou
nds
Laxa
tive
aff
ect
take
n or
ally
Inac
tiva
tes
HSV
2 vi
rus
Bac
teri
osta
tic
prop
erti
es
Con
tain
s st
erol
s w
ith
an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory
prop
erti
es
* Tox
icol
ogy
stud
y of
ora
l who
le le
af e
xtra
ct f
ound
ris
k of
car
cino
geni
city
in la
b an
imal
s* T
opic
al a
loe
has
no k
now
n si
de e
ffec
tsA
DR
s w
ith
oral
alo
e:Lo
wer
s bl
ood
suga
r by
sti
mul
atin
g in
sulin
Dia
rrhe
a/ab
d.cr
amps
Arr
hyth
mia
from
hyp
okal
emia
Con
tac
derm
atit
is, s
ting
ing,
sor
enes
sA
cute
hep
atit
is, r
enal
failu
re, n
ephr
itis
Abo
rtifa
cent
, may
↑ut
erin
e bl
eedi
ngA
void
in p
regn
ancy
and
lact
atio
nA
void
per
iope
rati
vely
; has
cau
sed
blee
ding
Top
ical
alo
e on
ly
Use
of
oral
alo
e no
t re
c-om
men
ded
due
to s
afet
y co
ncer
ns
Use
of
IM a
nd IV
alo
e ha
ve b
een
asso
ciat
ed
wit
h de
ath
Avo
id if
hx
of a
llerg
ies
to
any
mem
ber
of L
iliac
eae
fam
ily (
tulip
s, li
lies,
hya
-ci
nths
, oni
ons,
asp
arag
us,
and
garl
ic)
Ash
wag
anda
“w
itha
nia
som
nife
ra”
Use
s: A
dapt
ogen
Ant
i-art
hrit
is
Ant
i-agi
ng
Type
2 D
iabe
tes
Mel
litus
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Park
inso
n’s
dise
ase
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
: has
bee
n us
ed a
s ab
orti
face
ntA
DR
s:↓
bp↓
bs↑
WB
C↑
plat
elet
s↓
tes
tost
eron
e/FS
H le
vels
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:A
lcoh
ol, s
edat
ives
, anx
ioly
tics↑
sed
atio
nA
void
wit
h di
uret
ics-↑
effe
cts
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↑hy
pogl
ycem
iaA
ntih
yper
tens
ives
↑hy
pote
nsio
nTh
yroi
d ho
rmon
es-a
lter
eff
ect
In c
apsu
les,
tab
lets
, tea
Tabl
ets
are
stan
dard
ized
Dos
e: 1
-6 g
in c
apsu
le o
r te
a qd
Or
3-12
g in
com
bina
tion
w
ith
othe
r he
rbs
Pedi
atri
c do
sage
: (8-
12
year
s on
ly)
2g q
d fo
r no
>6
0 da
ys
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Asi
an G
inse
ng
“Kor
ean
gins
eng”
“C
hine
se g
inse
ng”
◆◆
Not
e: S
iber
ian
gins
eng
is n
ot
gins
eng
at a
ll
Use
s: a
dapt
ogen
, sta
min
a, m
enta
l an
d ph
ysic
al p
erfo
rman
ce
Hep
atit
is C
Men
opau
se
Erec
tile
dys
func
tion
Hyp
erte
nsio
n
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Stud
ies:
may
low
er b
lood
glu
cose
; m
ay h
elp
imm
une
func
tion
NC
CA
M r
esea
rch
curr
entl
y in
ca
ncer
and
Alz
heim
er’s
dis
ease
↑T
cell
and
lym
phoc
yte
acti
vity
May
inhi
bit
RN
A t
ype
viru
ses
May
hav
e an
tiox
idan
t pr
oper
ties
* Ris
k al
lerg
ic r
eact
ions
* Not
rec
omm
ende
d in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
due
to
horm
onal
and
tox
ic e
ffec
ts, t
erat
ogen
* ↑ r
isk
brea
st c
ance
r-st
imul
ates
bre
ast
canc
er c
ells
* avo
id in
ast
hma,
arr
hyth
mia
, HTN
, psy
chia
tric
dis
orde
r
* sto
p pr
e-op
erat
ivel
y du
e to
ble
edin
g ef
fect
AD
Rs:
H/A
GI d
istu
rban
ce, a
ppet
ite
chan
ges
Slee
p di
stur
banc
e
Arr
hyth
mia
Ane
mia
Stev
ens-
John
sons
Syn
drom
e
↑es
trog
enic
eff
ects
Men
stru
al c
hang
es, ↑
blee
ding
Mas
talg
ia, b
reas
t gr
owth
Man
ia in
bip
olar
dis
orde
r
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts ↑
or↓
bs
anti
hype
rten
sive
s-al
ter
effe
ct
anti
psyc
hoti
cs ↑
seda
tion
, ↑ef
fect
estr
ogen
↑ef
fect
seda
tive
s ↑
seda
tion
Roo
t is
dri
ed fo
r ta
blet
s,
caps
ules
, ext
ract
s, t
eas
Tabl
et a
nd c
apsu
le
stan
dard
ized
to
4 %
gi
nsen
osid
es (
acti
ve
ingr
edie
nt)
Shor
t te
rm u
se: u
p to
2
g/da
y Pa
nax
gins
eng
Long
-ter
m u
se: 1
g/d
ay
Pana
x gi
nsen
g
Not
e: g
inse
ng is
add
ed
to m
any
com
mer
cial
be
vera
ges
curr
entl
y
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Pan
ax G
inse
ng “
Am
eric
an g
inse
ng”
See
Asi
an G
inse
ng
Use
s: A
DH
D, c
hron
ic H
epat
itis
B,
CH
F, d
emen
tia,
CA
D, h
yper
lipid
emia
, m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s, IT
P, M
RSA
, di
abet
ic r
enal
dis
ease
See
abov
eSe
e ab
ove
Ast
ralg
us “
milk
vet
ch”
◆◆
Trad
itio
nal C
hine
se M
edic
ine
for
imm
unit
y, c
ance
rs, a
nd h
epat
itis
◆◆
In le
gum
e fa
mily
◆◆
300
spec
ies
grow
in N
orth
Am
er-
ica;
som
e to
xic
to li
vest
ock
Und
er s
tudy
: pot
enti
al b
enef
its
for
imm
une
syst
em, l
iver
,hea
rt, a
nd
adju
ncti
ve c
ance
r th
erap
y
2005
Coc
hran
e st
udy:
som
e im
mun
e st
imul
atio
n an
d ↓
N/V
in c
olor
ecta
l ca
ncer
Ant
ioxi
dant
eff
ects
Use
d in
CA
D a
nd D
M
Use
d in
hep
atit
is, H
IV,
hepa
topr
otec
tion
Che
mot
hera
py s
ide
effe
cts
Men
tal p
erfo
rman
ce
Smok
ing
cess
atio
n
UR
I, bu
rns
* som
e as
trag
alus
spe
cies
, mos
tly
not
foun
d in
di
etar
y su
pple
men
ts u
sed,
mig
ht b
e to
xic.
Som
e sp
ecie
s to
xic
leve
ls o
f se
leni
um a
nd s
ome
cont
ain
neur
otox
in s
wai
nson
ine
whi
ch h
as c
ause
d “l
oco-
wee
d” p
oiso
ning
in a
nim
als.
Die
tary
sup
plem
ent
astr
algu
s is
gen
eral
ly c
onsi
dere
d sa
fe fo
r m
ost
adul
ts
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
may
inte
ract
wit
h im
mun
e su
ppre
ssan
ts, s
uch
as
can
cer
drug
cyc
loph
osph
amid
e an
d or
gan
tran
spla
nt d
rugs
.
AD
Rs:
↓B
S,↓
HR
, ↓B
S
Dia
rrhe
a
Ble
edin
g: in
tera
cts
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
Avo
id in
imm
une
diso
rder
s, t
rans
plan
ts,
blee
ding
dis
orde
rs
Roo
t us
ed in
tea
s, s
oups
, ca
psul
es, e
xtra
cts,
tin
ctur
e,
IM a
nd IV
No
spec
ific
dosi
ng
reco
mm
enda
tion
s
Mos
tly
used
as
drie
d ro
ot,
cons
ider
ed n
on-t
oxic
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Bilb
erry
“H
uckl
eber
ry”
“E
urop
ean
blue
berr
y”◆
◆R
elat
ed t
o bl
uebe
rry
◆◆
Ber
ries
or
drie
d le
aves
ar
e m
edic
inal
◆◆
Use
d fo
r 10
00 y
ears
in E
urop
ean
folk
med
icin
es, e
spec
ially
for
scur
vy
and
diar
rhea
Con
tain
s an
thoc
yano
side
s (t
ype
of fl
avin
oid)
:↑m
icro
circ
ulat
ion,
an
tiox
idan
t, p
late
let
inhi
bito
r,
anti
-infla
mm
ator
y,↓
capi
llary
fr
agili
ty, p
rese
rves
end
othe
lium
Ath
eros
cler
osis
Peri
pher
al v
ascu
lar
dise
ase
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Pept
ic u
lcer
dis
ease
Dia
rrhe
a
Cat
arac
ts a
nd g
lauc
oma
Ret
inop
athy
4 st
udie
s sh
owed
no
bene
fit fo
r ni
ght
visi
on
1 st
udy
show
ed p
ossi
ble
anti
prol
if-er
ativ
e ef
fect
s on
col
on c
ance
r ce
lls
Not
eno
ugh
scie
ntifi
c ev
iden
ce fo
r ot
her
indi
cati
ons
AD
R:
↓B
P
↓ o
r↑ b
lood
sug
ar
Dia
rrhe
a, n
ause
a
Hep
atot
oxic
ity
Ble
edin
g
Dru
g in
tera
ctio
ns:
anti
coag
ulan
ts→↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts-↑↓
blo
od s
ugar
anti
hype
rten
sive
s→↓
BP
estr
ogen
-may↓
abso
rpti
on
Avo
id in
alle
rgy
to b
lueb
erri
es o
r sa
me
fam
ily
of b
erri
es
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
In d
ried
leav
es, b
erri
es,
extr
act,
tin
ctur
e, c
apsu
les,
ta
blet
s
No
spec
ific
dosi
ng
reco
mm
enda
tion
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Bla
ck C
ohos
h “b
lack
sna
kero
ot”
“bug
bane
” “b
ugw
ort”
◆◆
Not
sam
e as
blu
e co
hosh
◆◆
Con
tain
s sa
licyl
ic a
cid
◆◆
Mem
ber
of b
utte
rcup
fam
ily◆
◆U
sed
in N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
and
A
mer
ican
folk
med
icin
e fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sx,
indu
ctio
n of
la
bor,
rhe
umat
ism
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
m
ost
trad
itio
nal
Stud
y re
sult
s m
ixed
on
this
.◆
◆N
CC
AM
stu
dy—
faile
d to
rel
ieve
ni
ght
swea
ts a
nd h
ot fl
ashe
s◆
◆N
IH 2
008—
inad
equa
te s
uppo
rt
for
use
◆◆
Ger
man
E C
omm
issi
on—
appr
oved
fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sx,
not
>6
mon
ths
◆◆
Nor
th A
mer
ican
Men
opau
se
Soci
ety
(200
4) r
ecom
men
ds◆
◆In
suff
icie
nt s
tudi
es fo
r sa
fety
>6
mon
ths
or fo
r rh
eum
atis
m
* Uni
ted
Stat
es P
harm
acop
eia:
wom
en s
houl
d di
scon
tinu
e us
e of
bla
ck c
ohos
h an
d co
nsul
t a
heal
th c
are
prac
titi
oner
if t
hey
have
a li
ver
diso
rder
or
dev
elop
sym
ptom
s of
live
r tr
oubl
e, s
uch
as
abdo
min
al p
ain,
dar
k ur
ine,
or
jaun
dice
.
seve
ral c
ase
repo
rts
of h
epat
itis
and
live
r fa
ilure
; not
kn
own
if bl
ack
coho
sh w
as c
ause
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; can
indu
ce la
bor
AD
Rs:
Stom
ach
pain
,con
stip
atio
n
H/A
, ras
h, d
izzi
ness
Ble
edin
g, b
ruis
ing
↑ri
sk C
VA
Mas
talg
ia, u
teri
ne b
leed
ing
↑ri
sk h
orm
one-
asso
ciat
ed fe
mal
e ca
ncer
s
Hep
atot
oxic
ity
Dru
g In
tera
ctio
ns
CYP
450
2D
6 dr
ugs
Ant
icoa
gula
nt d
rugs
↑ b
leed
ing
from
sa
licyl
ate
ingr
edie
nt
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es-↓
BP
Hep
atot
oxic
dru
gs→
liver
failu
re
Che
mot
hera
peut
ic d
rugs
Tam
oxife
n, a
ntie
stro
gens
, HR
T, O
CP→
estr
ogen
ic
effe
ct
thyr
oid→
hype
rthy
roid
ism
Extr
act
from
dri
ed r
hizo
me
and
root
In c
aple
ts, c
apsu
les,
pow
-de
red
root
, dri
ed r
hizo
me,
te
a, t
inct
ure
OTC
: Bla
ck C
ohos
h as
Rem
ifem
in in
dos
age
20
mg
bid
Oth
er b
rand
s:
Men
opau
se S
uppo
rt
Estr
oven
(in
clud
es o
ther
in
gred
ient
s)
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
But
terb
ur “
Pet
adol
ex”
pa
tent
ed n
ame
◆◆
pere
nnia
l shr
ub◆
◆le
af, r
oot
and
rhiz
ome
used
for
extr
act
Ast
hma
Alle
rgic
rhi
niti
s
Mig
rain
e pr
ophy
laxi
s
smoo
th m
uscl
e re
laxa
nt
leuk
otri
ene
and
CO
X-2
inhi
bito
r
anti
chol
iner
gic
effe
ct p
ossi
ble
Stud
ies
show
as
muc
h ef
fect
iven
ess
as
anti
hist
amin
e fo
r al
lerg
ies
Som
e st
udie
s sh
ow e
ffec
tive
ness
for
mig
rain
e tr
eatm
ent
Con
flict
ing
resu
lts
on a
sthm
a
DA
NG
ER: N
AT
UR
AL
PR
OD
UC
T C
ON
TA
INS
PYR
RO
LIZI
DIN
E A
LKA
LOID
(PA
’S) →
CA
USE
LI
VER
DA
MA
GE
AN
D R
ISK
CA
RC
INO
GEN
ICIT
Y
* Onl
y bu
tter
bur
prod
ucts
tha
t ha
ve b
een
pr
oces
sed
to r
emov
e P
As
and
are
labe
led
or
cer
tifie
d as
PA
-fre
e sh
ould
be
used
.
Avo
id if
alle
rgic
to
ASt
erac
eae
fam
ily =
ragw
eed,
m
arig
old,
dai
sies
, chr
ysan
them
ums
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
Bel
chin
g, a
bd p
ain,
N/V
/D
Dep
ress
ion
Uri
nary
ret
enti
on
Ras
h, p
ruri
tus
Prur
itus
eye
s, a
sthm
a
drow
sine
ss
Dru
g In
tera
ctio
ns
Cal
cium
cha
nnel
blo
cker
s
Ant
icho
liner
gics
↑sx
Vas
odila
tors
(va
sodi
late
s)
Test
oste
rone↓
it
Chr
onot
rope
s an
d is
otro
pes→
nega
tive
act
ivit
y
Soft
gel,
pow
der,
tin
ctur
e,
extr
act,
cap
sule
Extr
act
is s
tand
ardi
zed
Alle
rgic
rhi
niti
s: P
etas
in
(Tes
alin
) 8m
g up
to
QID
Ast
hma:
Pet
afor
ce
50-1
50m
g bi
d-ti
d pr
n
Mig
rain
e pr
even
tion
: Pe
tado
lex
50-7
5mg
bid
up
to
4 m
onth
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Cat
’s C
law
◆◆
Cen
tral
and
Sou
th A
mer
ica
◆◆
Dat
es t
o us
e by
Inca
s
Stud
ies
show
pos
sibl
e be
nefit
in r
heu-
mat
oid
arth
riti
s an
d os
teoa
rthr
itis
In v
itro
stu
dy: p
ossi
ble
use
as
anti
vira
l, an
titu
mor
age
nt
imm
unos
tim
ulan
t
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
effe
ct
Enha
nces
DN
A r
epai
r
↑ph
agoc
ytos
is
Free
rad
ical
sca
veng
er
Poss
ible
res
earc
h on
Alz
heim
er’s
di
seas
e be
nefit
* som
e pr
epar
atio
ns f
rom
Per
u m
ay b
e co
ntam
inat
ed w
ith
fung
us, o
ther
her
bs,
aero
bes
and
be t
oxic
AD
Rs:
Seda
tion
↓B
P
↓es
trad
iol a
nd p
roge
ster
one
One
rep
ort
rena
l fai
lure
in S
LE p
atie
nt
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; tra
diti
onal
use
as
abo
rtifa
cent
Avo
id w
ith
hx a
utoi
mm
une
dise
ase,
hyp
oten
sion
, re
nal t
rans
plan
t, r
enal
dis
ease
, im
mun
osup
pres
sion
, bl
eedi
ng d
isor
ders
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
CYP
3A
4 ↑
leve
ls
anti
hype
rten
sive
s↓B
P
anti
arrh
ythm
ics:
↑ a
rrhy
thm
ias
anti
coag
ulan
ts:↑
blee
ding
ris
k
calc
ium
cha
nnel
blo
cker
s: ↑
effe
ct
imm
unos
uppr
essa
nts:↓
leve
ls
neph
roto
xic
drug
s: →
rena
l fai
lure
iron
:↓ab
sorp
tion
Cap
sule
, tab
let,
tin
ctur
e,
tea,
bar
k/le
aves
/roo
ts
in d
ried
, cut
or
po
wde
red
form
s
Gen
eral
use
: 250
-100
0mg
1-3
x/da
y
Free
ze d
ried
ext
ract
: 10
0mg/
day
Oth
er fo
rms
avai
labl
e
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Cha
mom
ile◆
◆G
erm
an c
ham
omile
is m
ore
com
mon
for
supp
lem
ents
Stud
ies:
◆◆
indi
cate
som
e be
nefit
for
gene
ral-
ized
anx
iety
dis
orde
r◆
◆be
nefit
for
infa
nt c
olic
, chi
ldre
n’s
diar
rhea
, GI u
pset
◆◆
bene
fit fo
r m
outh
ulc
ers
in r
adia
-ti
on o
r ch
emot
hera
py
Com
mon
use
s fo
r ra
diat
ion
skin
is
sues
, wou
nd h
ealin
g, a
nxie
ty
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
and
an
ti-s
pasm
odic
eff
ects
Seda
tive
eff
ects
may
be
from
bin
ding
to
ben
zodi
azep
ine
rece
ptor
s
* Avo
id in
alle
rgie
s to
dai
sy fa
mily
: rag
wee
d, c
hrys
an-
them
ums,
mar
igol
ds, a
nd d
aisi
es: r
isk
of a
naph
y-la
xis
or o
ther
alle
rgic
rea
ctio
n
* avo
id w
ith
alle
rgie
s to
oni
ons,
gar
lic, a
nd a
rtem
esia
* avo
id t
akin
g w
ith
alco
hol
AD
Rs:
Seda
tion
↓B
P, B
S, ↑
hear
t ra
te
Vom
itin
g
Ast
hma
Alt
er m
ense
s
↑ b
leed
ing
risk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
CYP
450
inte
ract
ions
CN
S de
pres
sant
s: ↑
seda
tion
War
fari
n:↑
INR
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
: ↓ B
S
Ant
icoa
gula
nts:
↑bl
eedi
ng r
isk
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s: ↑
hea
rt r
ate
Flow
ers
used
to
mak
e ta
b-le
ts, e
xtra
ct, t
ea, c
ream
s,
mou
th r
inse
, bat
h ad
diti
ves
Tea:
up
to 8
g dr
ied
flow
ers
Cap
sule
s: u
p to
16
00 m
g/da
y
Cre
am: 2
%-1
0%
cham
omile
ext
ract
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Dan
delio
n◆
◆us
ed in
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an a
nd
Ara
bic
med
icin
e
Use
s: li
ver
or k
idne
y to
nics
Diu
reti
cs
GI d
istu
rban
ces
Hig
h V
itam
in A
con
tent
and
hig
h po
tass
ium
con
tent
in d
ried
her
b
Stud
ies:
no
scie
ntifi
c ev
iden
ce fo
r m
edic
al c
ondi
tion
s
May
hav
e di
uret
ic a
nd im
mun
e-m
odul
atin
g ef
fect
s
May
hav
e an
tiox
idan
t ef
fect
s
* som
e al
lerg
ies/
anap
hyla
xis
to d
ande
lions
* som
e re
port
s of
GI u
pset
wit
h us
e
* do
not
use
wit
h ga
llbla
dder
dis
ease
as ↑
bile
sec
reti
on
AD
Rs:
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
↓pl
atel
ets
↑po
tass
ium
V t
ach,
V fi
b
↓bs
Alt
ers
estr
ogen
, pro
gest
eron
e, F
SH
DR
UG
INTE
RA
CTI
ON
S:
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
, est
roge
ns (↑
effe
ct),
diu
reti
cs
(↑ef
fect
), n
iaci
n (↑
effe
ct);
anti
arrh
ythm
ics ↑
arr
hyth
mia
Leav
es a
nd r
oots
or
who
le
plan
t, u
sed
fres
h or
dri
ed
in t
eas,
cap
sule
s, o
r ex
trac
ts.
Dan
delio
n le
aves
use
d in
sa
lads
or
as c
ooke
d gr
een
Flow
ers
used
for
win
e
Don
g Q
uai
◆◆
from
Ang
elic
a si
nens
is p
lant
D
ysm
enor
rhea
l
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
Men
stru
al H
/A
Poss
ible
ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory,
an
tiox
idan
t ef
fect
s
Poss
ible
ant
ispa
smod
ic, G
I st
imul
ant
effe
cts
Poss
ible
ant
ipla
tele
t ef
fect
(c
oum
arin
der
ivat
ive)
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
eff
ect
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; can
cau
se u
teri
ne
cont
ract
ions
and
con
geni
tal m
alfo
rmat
ions
* avo
id in
ble
edin
g di
sord
ers,
do
not
use
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
* pos
sibl
e ca
rcin
ogen
ic p
oten
tial
AD
Rs:
Seda
tion
↓bp
GI s
ympt
oms
Ble
edin
g
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
icoa
gula
nts
Hor
mon
al m
edic
atio
ns
anti
hype
rten
sive
s
Roo
t us
ed fo
r ca
psul
e
or t
able
ts
Med
icin
al u
se s
afet
y
is u
ncle
ar
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Echi
nace
a “p
urpl
e co
neflo
wer
”Im
mun
e-st
imul
ant
Use
d fo
r U
RIs
and
oth
er in
fect
ions
, in
clud
ing
wou
nds
Stud
ies:
con
flict
ing
stud
ies
on u
sefu
l-ne
ss fo
r tr
eati
ng U
RIs
, som
e po
siti
ve
NC
CA
M s
tudy
ing
usef
ulne
ss fo
r im
mun
ity
Ger
man
E c
omm
issi
on a
ppro
ved
for
trea
tmen
t of
col
ds, c
hron
ic r
espi
ra-
tory
and
GU
tra
ct in
fect
ions
Use
d fo
r ge
nita
l her
pes
May
hav
e an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory,
ant
ifun-
gal,
and
free
rad
ical
sca
veng
er e
ffec
ts
May
be
imm
une
supp
ress
ant
or
imm
une
stim
ulan
t
* Pot
enti
al a
naph
ylac
tic
or a
llerg
ic r
eact
ions
, ast
hma,
es
peci
ally
wit
h al
lerg
y to
dai
sy fa
mily
: mar
igol
ds,
chry
sant
hem
ums,
dai
sies
, rag
wee
d.
* Alle
rgie
s m
ore
com
mon
in t
hose
who
are
ato
pic,
w
ith
ecze
ma
or a
sthm
a
* Avo
id in
peo
ple
need
ing
imm
unos
uppr
essi
on
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
* Dis
cont
inue
bef
ore
surg
ery
or m
ay a
ffec
t w
ound
he
alin
g an
d in
fect
ion
rate
* Avo
id in
aut
oim
mun
e di
seas
e, c
olla
gen
vasc
ular
di
seas
e, H
IV, l
iver
dis
ease
, MS,
TB
AD
Rs:
Ras
hes
GI s
ide
effe
cts
Diz
zine
ss, n
ervo
usne
ss, H
/A
Atr
ial f
ibri
llati
on, p
alpi
tati
ons
HTN
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
May
agg
rava
te a
utoi
mm
une
dise
ase
or in
crea
se
imm
une
resp
onse
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Am
oxic
illin
: rha
bdom
yoly
sis,
dea
th
Ant
icoa
gula
nts:↑
blee
ding
Cor
tico
ster
oids
:↓im
mun
osup
pres
sive
eff
ect
Stat
ins,
ace
tam
inop
hen:↑
risk
hep
atot
oxic
ity
Plan
t an
d ro
ots
used
to
mak
e ju
ice
(exp
ress
ed),
te
as, e
xtra
cts,
oth
er fo
rms.
Dos
e: U
RI 5
00-1
000m
g ti
d
Dos
e: p
edia
tric
dos
ing
usua
lly w
eigh
t-ba
sed,
see
ot
her
sour
ces
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Ephe
dra
“ma
huan
g”◆
◆ev
ergr
een
shru
b th
at h
as b
een
used
50
00 y
ears
in In
dia
and
Chi
na◆
◆po
wer
ful s
tim
ulan
t of
ner
vous
0s
yste
m a
nd h
eart
use
d to
tre
at
resp
irat
ory
cond
itio
ns, f
lu,
asth
ma,
feve
r
Use
s:
Wei
ght
loss
Ener
gy s
uppl
emen
t
Ath
leti
c pe
rfor
man
ce
Am
phet
amin
e-lik
e; p
rim
ary
com
po-
nent
is e
phed
rine
Stud
ies:
hig
her
rate
of c
alls
to
pois
on
cont
rol c
ente
rs a
bout
sev
ere
side
ef
fect
s
Stud
ies:
↑ri
sk s
trok
e, H
TN, c
ardi
ac
prob
lem
s, G
I sid
e ef
fect
s
Ris
ks o
f ben
efit
for
shor
t te
rm w
eigh
t lo
ss is
out
wei
ghed
by
risk
s
* US
bann
ed s
ale
of d
ieta
ry s
uppl
emen
ts w
ith
ephe
dra
in 2
004
* rep
orts
of
stro
ke, M
I, su
dden
dea
th
* can
wor
sen
diab
etes
, CV
D, r
enal
dis
ease
* can
cau
se s
eizu
res
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on
AD
Rs:
Anx
iety
, psy
chos
is, t
rem
ors
Dry
mou
th, G
I irr
itat
ion,
nau
sea
HTN
, arr
hyth
mia
, hea
rt d
amag
e
Uri
nary
obs
truc
tion
Slee
p pr
oble
ms
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ane
sthe
tics
-alt
er e
ffec
t, ↑
bp
ETO
H-p
sych
osis
wit
h ca
ffei
ne
Caf
fein
e-↑
toxi
city
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents↓
effe
ct
anti
conv
ulsa
nts↓
effe
ct
ergo
t al
kalo
ids↑
hype
rten
sive
cri
sis
phen
othi
azin
es↑
arrh
ythm
ia, d
eath
Dri
ed s
tem
s an
d le
aves
m
ake
tabl
ets,
tin
ctur
es,
caps
ules
, tea
s
Ephe
dra
still
allo
wed
in
Chi
nese
her
bal r
emed
ies
and
teas
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Even
ing
Pri
mro
se O
il (E
PO
) Ye
llow
flow
er:
◆◆
cont
ains
gam
ma-
linol
enic
aci
d (G
LA),
ess
enti
al fa
tty
acid
, re
quir
ed b
y th
e bo
dy a
nd
obta
ined
from
the
die
t.
Use
s: e
czem
a, in
flam
mat
ion
Mas
talg
ia, P
MS
Men
opau
se s
ympt
oms
Can
cer
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Stud
ies:
sho
w s
ome
bene
fit fo
r rh
eum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis,
ecz
ema,
PM
S, m
asta
lgia
May
hav
e an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory,
va
sodi
lato
ry, a
nd a
nti-p
late
let
ef
fect
s
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y/la
ctat
ion:
↑ri
sk c
ompl
icat
ions
, ru
ptur
e of
mem
bran
es
AD
Rs:
GI u
pset
H/A
Ras
h
Dep
ress
ion
Seiz
ures
in p
ts w
itho
ut s
eizu
re r
isk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ane
sthe
sia:
↓se
izur
e th
resh
old
Ant
icoa
gula
nts:↑
blee
ding
ris
k
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es:↓
bp
TCA
s: ↓
seiz
ure
thre
shol
d
Ant
isei
zure
age
nts:↑
risk
sei
zure
s
Oil
extr
acte
d fr
om s
eeds
an
d pu
t in
cap
sule
s
Prod
ucts
sta
ndar
dize
d
for
8% G
LA a
nd 7
2%
linol
eic
acid
Fenu
gree
k◆
◆us
ed b
ack
to E
gypt
ian
tim
es◆
◆U
sed
to in
duce
chi
ldbi
rth
◆◆
Use
d to
hel
p di
gest
ion
and
men
opau
se s
ympt
oms
Use
d in
coo
king
Use
d fo
r di
abet
es m
ellit
us
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Loss
of a
ppet
ite
Stim
ulat
es m
ilk p
rodu
ctio
n
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy
AD
Rs:
Blo
atin
g, fl
atul
ence
, dia
rrhe
a
Hyp
ogly
cem
ia
Hyp
okal
emia
Mis
carr
iage
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Alc
ohol
-↓he
pato
toxi
city
Ana
lges
ics-
addi
tive
eff
ects
Ant
icoa
gula
nts-↑
blee
ding
ris
k
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
-↑hy
pogl
ycem
ia
Seed
s ar
e gr
ound
and
ta
ken
oral
ly o
r pu
t in
pa
ste
for
skin
Dos
e: 2
5 g
seed
pow
der
daily
in d
ivid
ed d
oses
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Feve
rfew
“ba
chel
or’s
but
tons
” “w
ild c
ham
omile
”◆
◆U
sed
as a
ntip
yret
ic b
y
anci
ent
Gre
eks
Mig
rain
e he
adac
hes
Psor
iasi
s
Ast
hma
Tinn
itus
N/V
Stud
ies:
Sugg
est
may
hel
p pr
even
t (n
ot
acut
ely
trea
t) m
igra
ine
head
ache
s an
d rh
eum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis
pain
* Alle
rgic
ris
k w
ith
ragw
eed,
chr
ysan
them
um a
llerg
ies
* Not
for
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on, c
an c
ause
m
isca
rria
ge, p
rem
atur
e bi
rth
* Avo
id in
chi
ldre
n* A
void
pri
or t
o su
rger
y or
den
tal p
roce
dure
sA
DR
s:C
anke
r so
res,
sor
e to
ngue
Loss
of a
ppet
ite
Nau
sea/
GI s
ympt
oms
Ris
k w
orse
ned
depr
essi
onD
izzi
ness
, fat
igue
,anx
iety
Palp
itat
ions
, ↑he
art
rate
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:A
ntic
oagu
lant
s: ↑
blee
ding
ris
kV
asod
ilato
rs:↑
vas
odili
tati
on
Dri
ed le
aves
pri
mar
ily u
sed
Stem
s an
d ro
ots
som
e-ti
mes
use
d
Extr
acts
, tab
lets
, cap
sule
s
Stan
dard
ized
dos
e: u
p to
25
0mg
daily
Take
wit
h fo
od
Gar
lic◆
◆ed
ible
her
b fr
om L
ily fa
mily
Use
s: h
yper
lipid
emia
CA
D, H
TN
Col
on a
nd g
astr
ic c
ance
r
UR
I pre
vent
ion
PVD
Stud
ies:
on
low
erin
g ch
oles
tero
l, ha
d va
ryin
g be
nefit
Stud
ies:
pos
itiv
e fo
r
decr
easi
ng B
P an
d
decr
easi
ng a
ther
oscl
eros
is
Stud
y: s
how
s af
fect
s di
lati
on a
nd
cons
tric
tion
of b
lood
ves
sels
* saf
e fo
r m
ost
adul
ts* d
oes
have
blo
od-t
hinn
ing
effe
ct; s
top
pre-
oper
ativ
ely
* mild
ris
k al
lerg
y, m
ostl
y ra
w fo
rm; c
ross
-alle
rgie
s w
ith
onio
ns, l
eeks
, chi
ves
AD
Rs:
Raw
: hal
itos
is,G
I ups
et, b
ody
odor
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
, blis
ters
Ble
edin
gA
sthm
a, r
hini
tis
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:A
ntic
oagu
lant
s ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bpA
ntid
iabe
tic
agen
ts ↓
or ↑
bsA
nest
heti
cs p
rolo
ng e
ffec
tA
ceta
min
ophe
n-al
ters
eff
ect
Prot
ease
inhi
bito
rs ↓
effe
ctO
CP
wit
h es
trog
en ↓
effe
ct
Raw
, coo
ked,
dri
ed,
pow
dere
d
Dos
e: 6
00-9
00 m
g ga
rlic
po
wde
r (i
n st
anda
rdiz
ed
1.3%
alli
cin
acti
ve in
gred
i-en
t) d
aily
in d
ivid
ed d
oses
Or
3-5m
g al
licin
dai
ly
(equ
ival
ent
to 2
-5 g
fr
esh
garl
ic)
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Gin
ger
◆◆
trop
ical
pla
nt o
ften
use
d in
A
sian
med
icin
e
Use
s: p
ost-
surg
ical
and
m
otio
n na
usea
GI u
pset
Che
mot
hera
py n
ause
a
Preg
nanc
y na
usea
(h
yper
emes
is g
ravi
daru
m)
Art
hrit
is p
ain,
mus
cle
pain
Stud
ies:
sho
rt-t
erm
eff
ecti
vene
ss in
pr
egna
ncy
naus
ea, v
aria
ble
effe
ctiv
e-ne
ss in
oth
er fo
rms
naus
ea
Stud
ies:
on
infla
mm
atio
n on
goin
g
May
inhi
bit
sero
toni
n 5-
HT 3
rece
ptor
s in
GI t
ract
May
inhi
bit
plat
elet
agg
rega
tion
May
hav
e lip
id-lo
wer
ing,
an
tihy
pert
ensi
ve e
ffec
t
* Avo
id in
lact
atio
n/sa
fety
not
est
ablis
hed
* Avo
id p
eri-o
pera
tive
ly d
ue t
o bl
eedi
ng r
isk
* Avo
id in
CA
D, a
rrhy
thm
ia h
isto
ry
AD
Rs:
Mos
tly
wit
h po
wde
red
ging
er: b
loat
ing,
gas
, he
artb
urn,
nau
sea
Dep
ress
ion
Arr
hyth
mia
s
↑ b
leed
ing
risk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Cal
cium
cha
nnel
blo
cker
s↓bp
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Car
diac
age
nts-
may
alt
er e
ffec
t
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
ris
k
anti
arrh
ythm
ics ↑
risk
Fres
h, p
owde
r, t
able
ts
Dos
e: u
p to
4 g
/day
in
divi
ded
dose
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Gin
gko
“Jap
anes
e si
lver
apr
icot
” “f
ossi
l tre
e”◆
◆se
eds
of G
ingk
o tr
ee u
sed
for
thou
sand
s of
yea
rs in
Tra
diti
onal
C
hine
se M
edic
ine
Use
s: m
emor
y en
hanc
emen
t
Prev
enti
on A
lzhe
imer
’s d
isea
se
and
dem
enti
as
Isch
emic
str
oke
Dec
reas
e in
term
itte
nt c
laud
icat
ion
MS
Tinn
itus
Sexu
al d
ysfu
ncti
on
Stud
ies:
mos
t st
udie
s sh
ow n
o im
prov
emen
t fo
r m
emor
y or
pre
ven-
tion
of d
emen
tia
or d
ecre
asin
g B
P
Stud
ies:
min
imal
ben
efit
pos
sibl
e fo
r in
term
itte
nt c
laud
icat
ion
and
tinn
itus
(v
aria
ble)
; bei
ng s
tudi
ed fo
r el
ectr
ic
shoc
k m
emor
y lo
ss
* Pos
sibl
e se
vere
alle
rgic
rea
ctio
ns
* Avo
id p
re-o
pera
tive
ly o
r be
fore
den
tal p
roce
dure
s,
incr
ease
d bl
eedi
ng r
isk
* No
raw
gin
gko
seed
s, c
onta
in t
oxin
tha
t ca
n ca
use
seiz
ures
and
dea
th
AD
Rs:
H/A
, diz
zine
ss
GI s
ympt
oms
↑bl
eedi
ng r
isk
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
: ↑bs
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
icon
vuls
ants
↓ef
fect
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Ant
ipsy
chot
ics
can
caus
e pr
iapi
sm
Estr
ogen
s m
ay h
ave
estr
ogen
ic e
ffec
t
Nife
dipi
ne ↑
conc
entr
atio
ns
Prilo
sec ↓
leve
ls
SSR
Is↑
ser
oton
in s
yndr
ome
Traz
adon
e ri
sk c
oma
Gin
gko
leaf
abs
trac
ts u
sed
in t
able
ts, c
apsu
les,
tea
s an
d sk
in p
repa
rati
ons
Als
o in
nut
riti
on b
ars,
su
blin
gual
spr
ay
Stan
dard
ized
ext
ract
s
Dos
e: 8
0-24
0mg/
day
divi
ded
in b
id-t
id
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Gol
dens
eal “
yello
w r
oot”
◆◆
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an r
emed
y◆
◆N
ow g
row
n co
mm
erci
ally
due
to
shor
t su
pplie
s
UR
I’s
Dig
esti
ve d
isor
ders
, dia
rrhe
a
Som
e ca
ncer
s
Vag
init
is
Wou
nds
Can
ker
sore
s
Chl
oroq
uine
res
ista
nt m
alar
ia
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Stim
ulat
es im
mun
e sy
stem
Stud
ies:
sho
w s
ome
anti
bact
eria
l ef
fect
and
lipi
d-lo
wer
ing
effe
ct;
Stud
ies:
pos
sibl
e be
nefit
for
diar
rhea
an
d ey
e in
fect
ions
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
; con
tain
s be
rber
ine
whi
ch c
an c
ause
jaun
dice
* Not
for
infa
nts
or y
oung
chi
ldre
n
AD
Rs:
Arr
hyth
mia
s, B
rady
card
ia
H/A
,↓B
P
↓bl
ood
suga
r
GI i
rrit
atio
n, n
ause
a
Dry
muc
ous
mem
bran
es
Seiz
ures
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
ipla
tele
t ag
ents
Ant
ilipe
mic
age
nts ↑
effe
ct
Ant
imal
aria
ls-a
ddit
ive
effe
cts
Bet
a bl
ocke
rs-c
hang
es e
ffec
t
Phen
ylep
hrin
e-↑
effe
cts
War
fari
n-↓
effe
cts
Stem
s an
d ro
ots
drie
d fo
r ex
trac
ts a
nd t
eas
Mou
th r
inse
s
Som
etim
es c
ombi
ned
wit
h Ec
hina
cea
for
UR
Is
Tabl
ets/
caps
ules
0.
5-1g
po
tid
Extr
act:
0.3
ml-1
ml
Als
o IV
and
oph
thal
mic
fo
rms
Hoo
dia
“kal
ahar
i cac
tus”
◆◆
Kal
ahar
i bus
hmen
ate
thi
s to
su
ppre
ss h
unge
r an
d th
irst
w
hile
hun
ting
App
etit
e su
ppre
ssan
t (w
eigh
t lo
ss)
whi
le e
leva
ting
ene
rgy
Stud
ies:
non
e pu
blis
hed
Dru
g ri
sks,
inte
ract
ions
, adv
erse
eff
ects
hav
e no
t be
en s
tudi
ed
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy
Oft
en c
ombi
ned
wit
h gr
een
tea
or c
hrom
ium
Dri
ed e
xtra
cts
from
ste
ms
and
root
s m
ake
caps
ules
, ex
trac
ts, p
owde
rs, t
eas,
ch
ewab
le t
able
ts
Dos
e: D
ried
ext
ract
up
to
800m
g/da
y
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Hor
se C
hest
nut
“buc
keye
”◆
◆O
nly
seed
ext
ract
is s
afe
◆◆
Do
not
use
any
othe
r pa
rts
of
plan
t, w
hich
may
be
toxi
c
Use
d fo
r ch
roni
c ve
nous
insu
ffic
ienc
y
Use
d fo
r an
kle
edem
a,
nigh
t le
g cr
amps
Stud
ies
show
it is
as
effe
ctiv
e fo
r ve
nous
insu
ffic
ienc
y as
sup
port
ive
com
pres
sion
sto
ckin
gs
* Con
trai
ndic
ated
in h
epat
ic a
nd r
enal
impa
irm
ent;
in
flam
mat
ory
bow
el d
isea
se* C
ontr
aind
icat
ed in
late
x al
lerg
yA
void
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
onA
DR
s: c
alf s
pasm
GI u
pset
Ble
edin
gR
enal
/liv
er d
amag
eD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts ↑
hypo
glyc
emia
anti
hype
rten
sive
↑ h
ypot
ensi
on
Dos
e: 3
00 m
g ex
trac
t bi
d
Topi
cal g
el 3
-4 x
/day
Use
for
shor
t te
rm o
nly
Stan
dard
ized
for
15
-20%
esc
in
Kav
a “k
ava
kava
”◆
◆M
embe
r of
pep
per
fam
ily◆
◆C
erem
onia
l bev
erag
e in
So
uth
Paci
fic
Use
s: a
nxie
ty
Inso
mni
a
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
NC
CA
M s
tudi
es h
alte
d du
e to
ris
k
of s
ever
e liv
er d
amag
e
Earl
ier
stud
ies
show
ed s
ome
bene
fit
wit
h an
xiet
y, b
ut d
ange
rs
outw
eigh
ris
ks
May
impa
ct c
ereb
ella
r an
d
GA
BA
func
tion
s
* Ris
k of
sev
ere
liver
dam
age,
incl
udin
g liv
er f
ailu
re
and
hepa
titi
s* R
isk
dyst
onia
(ab
norm
al m
uscl
e m
ovem
ents
)A
DR
s:D
row
sine
ssA
taxi
aD
izzi
ness
, dys
kine
sia
H/A
Tach
ycar
dia
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
, kav
a de
rmop
athy
(ra
sh fr
om
long
-ter
m w
ith
yello
w d
isco
lora
tion
)G
I ups
et, ↑
tran
sam
inas
esPa
rkin
soni
smD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
Ace
tam
inop
hen ↑
liver
tox
icit
yPs
ycho
trop
ics-
alte
red
men
tal s
tatu
sET
OH
↑to
xici
tyA
nxio
lyti
cs ↑
effe
ctSe
dati
ves ↑
effe
ctO
pioi
ds ↑
seda
tion
, CN
S de
pres
sion
Roo
t an
d rh
izom
e m
ake
beve
rage
s, c
apsu
les,
ta
blet
s, e
xtra
cts,
to
pica
l sol
utio
ns
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Lave
nder
“En
glis
h la
vend
er”
Use
s: a
nxie
ty, d
epre
ssio
n
Inso
mni
a
GI u
pset
Alo
peci
a
Topi
cal a
ntis
epti
c
arom
athe
rapy
Stud
ies:
do
not
conf
irm
any
ben
efit
s fo
r ce
rtai
n ex
cept
for
alop
ecia
use
d to
pica
lly
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
H/A
, pho
tose
nsit
ivit
y
GI s
ympt
oms
Skin
pig
men
t ch
ange
s
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Anx
ioly
tics
↑si
de e
ffec
t
Seda
tive
s↑ s
ide
effe
ct
Ant
idep
ress
ants
↑ s
ide
effe
ct
Dri
ed la
vend
er t
eas
or
extr
acts
can
be
take
n or
ally
Esse
ntia
l oils
can
be
mad
e fr
om fl
ower
s an
d us
ed
topi
cally
and
in a
rom
a-th
erap
y; p
oiso
nous
if
take
n in
tern
ally
Lico
rice
Roo
t◆
◆G
lycy
rrhi
zin
is m
ost
dang
erou
s co
mpo
und
◆◆
Dec
lycy
rrhi
zina
ted
form
“D
GL”
is
saf
er
Use
s: s
tom
ach
ulce
r, h
epat
itis
Sore
thr
oat,
bro
nchi
tis
Stud
ies:
non
e sh
ow s
igni
fican
t ef
fec-
tive
ness
exc
ept
IV fo
rm fo
r H
epat
itis
C
, not
ava
ilabl
e in
US
* gly
cyrr
hizi
n ca
n→ lo
w p
otas
sium
, hig
h bl
ood
pres
sure
, sal
t an
d w
ater
ret
enti
on, a
ll ri
sks
for
CV
D: A
VO
ID
* hig
h le
vels
of
licor
ice
affe
ct c
orti
sone
* Not
for
pre
gnan
cy—
can
caus
e pr
eter
m la
bor
* Not
for
hyp
erte
nsio
n or
CA
D
AD
Rs:
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Avo
id w
ith
med
icat
ions
tha
t af
fect
pot
assi
um,
diur
etic
s, p
redn
ison
e
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s-↑
risk
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Imm
unos
uppr
essa
nts ↓
effe
ct
Ant
idia
beti
cs a
lter
eff
ect
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
effe
ct
Use
DG
L fo
rm in
stea
d—m
uch
safe
r
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Milk
Thi
stle
“ho
ly t
hist
le”,
“s
ilym
arin
”◆
◆U
sed
for
thou
sand
s of
yea
rs fo
r liv
er a
ssis
tanc
e
Use
s: c
hron
ic h
epat
itis
Cir
rhos
is
Live
r da
mag
e fr
om d
rugs
and
tox
ins;
al
coho
lic li
ver
dise
ase
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Dec
reas
e in
sulin
res
ista
nce
if ha
ve
DM
and
cir
rhos
is
Ant
i-bre
ast,
cer
vica
l, pr
osta
te c
ance
r
Stud
ies:
pri
or s
tudi
es s
how
ed b
enef
it
prot
ecti
ng a
nd p
rom
otin
g gr
owth
of
live
r ce
lls; l
ater
stu
dies
con
flict
ing
resu
lts
Stud
y: b
enef
it in
Hep
atit
is C
sho
wed
fe
wer
, mild
er li
ver
dise
ase
sym
ptom
s bu
t no
aff
ect
on a
mou
nt o
f vir
al lo
ad
* Avo
id in
alle
rgie
s in
dai
sy fa
mily
: rag
wee
d,
chry
sant
hem
ums,
dai
sies
, mar
igol
d.
* Not
rec
omm
ende
d in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
↓bs
GI s
ide
effe
cts
H/A
, ins
omni
a
Exac
erba
tes
hem
ocho
mat
osis
arth
ralg
ia
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Alc
ohol↓
alco
hol-i
nduc
ed h
epat
oxic
ity
Stat
ins-
inhi
bits
eff
ects
Ant
ineo
plas
tic
drug
s ↑
effe
cts
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Sily
mar
in, a
ctiv
e in
gred
i-en
t, fr
om s
eeds
use
d to
m
ake
tinc
ture
s, c
apsu
les,
ex
trac
ts
Gen
eral
ly c
onsi
dere
d sa
fe
Dos
e: 2
30-8
00m
g/da
y di
vide
d in
2-3
dos
es
Non
i “In
dian
mul
berr
y”◆
◆H
isto
ry o
f top
ical
use
for
join
t pa
in
and
derm
atol
ogic
al is
sues
Use
d in
juic
e as
hea
lth
toni
c
Use
d fo
r ch
roni
c co
ndit
ions
e.g
. di
abet
es, c
ardi
ovas
cula
r di
seas
e
Use
d fo
r ca
ncer
, hea
ring
loss
Stud
ies:
ear
ly s
tudi
es s
how
an
ti-c
ance
r ef
fect
, ant
ioxi
dant
, an
d im
mun
e-st
imul
atin
g ef
fect
s
NC
CA
M s
tudy
-on
pros
tate
can
cer
NC
I stu
dy-o
n br
east
can
cer
prev
enti
on
* Ris
k of
live
r to
xici
ty
* Hig
h in
pot
assi
um-a
void
in r
enal
dis
ease
* Not
for
use
in p
regn
ancy
(ha
s be
en
trad
itio
nal a
bort
iface
nt)
AD
Rs:
↓bp
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
icoa
gula
nts-
cont
ains
Vit
amin
K in
som
e,
not
all p
repa
rati
ons
AC
E in
hibi
tors
↑po
tass
ium
Num
erou
s ot
hers
tha
t af
fect
pot
assi
um
Frui
t us
ed in
frui
t ju
ices
, m
ostl
y w
ith
grap
e
Frui
t an
d le
aves
can
mak
e ta
blet
s, c
apsu
les,
tea
s
Dos
e: u
p to
2 o
z tw
ice
daily
x 3
mon
ths
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Pep
perm
int
Oil
◆◆
Cro
ss b
etw
een
spea
rmin
t
and
wat
erm
int
Seas
onin
g an
d m
edic
inal
Nau
sea,
GI u
pset
, ind
iges
tion
IBS
UR
I, H
/A
asth
ma
Mus
cula
r, a
ntis
pasm
odic
or
ne
rve
pain
Hal
itos
is
Nas
al c
onge
stio
n
Stud
ies:
pep
perm
int
may
hel
p IB
S
Stud
ies:
pep
perm
int
wit
h ca
raw
ay
mig
ht h
elp
indi
gest
ion
* Oil
is s
afe
in s
mal
l dos
es
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y/la
ctat
ion
AD
Rs:
Hea
rtbu
rn
Abd
omin
al p
ain
Acu
te r
enal
failu
re
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
Bur
ning
mou
th s
yndr
ome
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
acid
s/H
2 bl
ocke
rs/P
PIs—
may
pre
mat
urel
y di
ssol
ve e
nter
ic c
oati
ng
CYP
450
inte
ract
ions
pos
sibl
e
Esse
ntia
l oil
of p
eppe
rmin
t
In s
mal
l dos
es in
cap
sule
s or
liqu
ids
In t
eas
Mix
ed w
ith
othe
r in
gred
i-en
ts in
top
ical
pre
para
tion
s
Dos
ing:
PO d
iges
tive
: 0.2
-0.4
ml t
id
(ave
rage
qd
is 6
-12
gtts
)
Cap
sule
s: 1
-2 c
aps
po t
id
½ h
our
ac.
Teas
wit
h dr
ied
leav
es
Topi
cal p
repa
rati
ons
Red
Clo
ver
“mea
dow
clo
ver”
◆◆
Legu
me
fam
ily◆
◆C
onta
ins
phyt
oest
roge
ns w
hich
ac
t lik
e es
trog
en◆
◆Pa
st u
se p
ertu
ssis
, ast
hma,
br
onch
itis
, can
cer
Use
d fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s
Mas
talg
ia
Ost
eopo
rosi
s
Ben
ign
pros
tati
c hy
pert
roph
y
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Stud
ies:
not
eno
ugh
evid
ence
for
effe
ctiv
enes
s or
saf
ety
in m
enop
ause
Stud
ies:
NC
CA
M s
tudy
ing
how
it
affe
cts
pros
tate
cel
ls
Stud
y: if
cau
ses
endo
met
rial
ca
ncer
ris
k
* Pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
: uns
afe
in m
edic
inal
am
ount
s
* may
incr
ease
ris
k of
bre
ast
canc
er o
r ot
her
horm
one-
sens
itiv
e ca
ncer
s
AD
Rs:
Mas
talg
ia
Men
stru
al c
hang
es
Vag
inal
spo
ttin
g
H/A
, ras
h
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
Tam
oxife
n-al
tere
d ef
fect
Estr
ogen
s-al
tere
d ef
fect
Flow
ers
used
in t
able
ts,
caps
ules
, tea
s, e
xtra
cts
Dos
e: 4
0-80
mg
red
clov
er
isof
lavo
nes/
day
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Rho
diol
a◆
◆co
nsid
ered
ada
ptog
en
Use
d fo
r en
ergy
and
exe
rcis
e en
hanc
emen
t
Fati
gue
gene
raliz
ed a
nxie
ty d
isor
der
blad
der
canc
er
hypo
xia
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
Inso
mni
a↑
BP
Der
mat
itis
Irri
tabi
lity
Dry
mou
thLe
ukoc
ytos
isD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
Ant
idep
ress
ants
—ad
diti
ve e
ffec
tsA
nxio
lyti
cs—
addi
tive
eff
ects
CN
S de
pres
sant
s—ad
diti
ve e
ffec
tsO
pioi
ds—
addi
tive
eff
ects
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es—
addi
tive
eff
ects
Cap
sule
s: 1
00-4
g da
ily
Sage
◆◆
Fert
ility
dru
g in
anc
ient
Egy
pt◆
◆C
lean
sed
and
stop
ped
blee
ding
in
ulce
rs/w
ound
s in
anc
ient
Gre
ece
Spic
e an
d se
ason
ing
Use
d fo
r m
outh
infla
mm
atio
n an
d so
re t
hroa
ts
Use
d fo
r in
dige
stio
n
Use
d fo
r m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s
Use
d to
impr
ove
moo
d an
d bo
ost
mem
ory/
perf
orm
ance
Stud
ies:
sho
w m
enta
l and
moo
d im
prov
emen
ts; m
emor
y bo
osti
ng
in o
lder
adu
lts
Stud
ies:
sho
w t
hink
ing/
le
arni
ng im
prov
emen
t in
A
lzhe
imer
’s d
isea
se
Stud
ies:
sho
w e
ssen
tial
oil
has
anti
mic
robi
al p
rope
rtie
s
* sa
fe,b
ut s
ome
vari
etie
s co
ntai
n TH
UJO
NE
whi
ch c
an
affe
ct n
ervo
us s
yste
m, c
ausi
ng r
estl
essn
ess,
tre
mor
, se
izur
es, r
enal
tox
icit
yIn
gest
ing
sage
pow
der
can
caus
e as
thm
aIn
flam
mat
ion
wit
h sk
in c
onta
ct* A
void
in p
regn
ancy
-ris
k ab
orti
face
nt a
nd h
orm
onal
eff
ects
* Con
trai
ndic
ated
in s
eizu
re d
isor
ders
AD
Rs:
Seiz
ures
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
Hyp
erte
nsio
nSe
dati
onD
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
N:
Ant
idia
beti
c dr
ugs↑
hypo
glyc
emia
Ant
icon
vuls
ants
-alt
ered
eff
ects
Thyr
oid
horm
ones
-alt
ered
eff
ects
Dri
ed le
aves
, ess
enti
al
oils
, spr
ays,
ext
ract
s
Men
opau
sal s
x:
120m
g qd
Phar
yngi
tis:
15%
spr
ay
Moo
d en
hanc
emen
t:
drie
d le
af,
300-
600m
g qd
Alz
heim
er’s
: es
sent
ial o
ils
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Saw
Pal
met
to “
dwar
f pal
m”
na
tive
to
US
“cab
bage
pal
m”
◆◆
Sem
inol
e N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s us
ed
for
urin
ary
sym
ptom
s
Use
s: p
rost
ate
(BPH
) pr
oble
ms
pros
tati
tis
Pelv
ic p
ain
Bla
dder
pro
blem
s
Pros
tate
can
cer
Libi
do is
sues
Alo
peci
a
Incr
ease
s te
stos
tero
ne
May
be
anti
-infla
mm
ator
y an
d im
mun
e st
imul
ant
Stud
ies:
con
flict
ing
repo
rts
of
bene
fits
on B
PH s
ympt
oms
Doe
s no
t af
fect
PSA
on
stud
ies
Bei
ng s
tudi
ed fo
r af
fect
on
pr
osta
te c
ance
r
Ger
man
E C
omm
issi
on a
ppro
ves
fo
r B
PH e
arly
sta
ges
I and
II
* Mild
GI s
ympt
oms
can
be ↓
by
taki
ng w
ith
food
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on d
ue t
o
horm
onal
eff
ects
AD
Rs
Abd
omin
al p
ain
Dia
rrhe
a
N/V
Fati
gue
Sexu
al d
ysfu
ncti
on
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
ibio
tics
(C
ipro
, Azi
thro
myc
in e
spec
ially
)—ad
diti
ve
effe
cts
And
roge
ns—↓
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts—
↑bl
eedi
ng
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
orie
s —ad
diti
ve e
ffec
ts
Who
le o
r gr
ound
ber
ries
or
drie
d fr
uit.
In li
quid
ext
ract
s, t
able
ts,
caps
ules
, as
infu
sion
or
tea,
top
ical
for
alop
ecia
Dos
e of
cap
sule
: 320
mg
qd
Gro
und,
who
le o
r dr
ied
berr
ies—
1 or
2 q
d
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
SAM
e
S-ad
enos
ylm
ethi
onin
e
Met
hion
ine
is c
onve
rted
to
SAM
e w
ith
enzy
me
met
hion
ine
aden
osyl
tr
ansf
eras
e (M
AP)
Alc
ohol
ic li
ver
dise
ase→
liver
di
seas
e ha
s ↓
hepa
tic
SAM
e w
hich
↓
glut
athi
one
need
ed fo
r he
pati
c de
toxi
ficat
ion
and
prev
enti
on o
f ox
idat
ive
liver
dam
age
Dep
ress
ion
Ost
eoar
thri
tis
AD
HD
Fibr
omya
lgia
Ana
lges
ic, a
nti-i
nfla
mm
ator
y
SAM
e tr
ansm
ethy
lati
on n
eces
sary
to
syn
thes
ize
and
met
abol
ize
neu-
rotr
ansm
itte
rs, p
rote
ins,
hor
mon
es,
and
mem
bran
e ph
osph
olip
ids
Prod
ucti
on o
f SA
Me
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
adeq
uate
B12
and
fola
te le
vels
SAM
e co
nver
ted
to S
-ade
nosy
l-ho
moc
yste
ine
whi
ch →
glut
athi
one
liver
ant
ioxi
dant
Can
↑do
pam
ine
and
nore
pine
phri
ne
2006
Coc
hran
e: n
o ev
iden
ce fo
r or
ag
ains
t us
e in
alc
ohol
ic li
ver
dise
ase
2008
Coc
hran
e: r
evie
w o
n O
A
use
pend
ing
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
AD
Rs:
Diz
zine
ss, H
/A, p
alpi
tati
ons
Dia
phor
esis
, ras
h, it
chy
or h
ot e
ar
Anx
iety
, ins
omni
a, fa
tigu
e
Ano
rexi
a, c
onst
ipat
ion,
N/V
/D, d
ry m
outh
AV
OID
IN B
IPO
LAR
DIS
EASE
→M
AN
IA
OR
HYP
OM
AN
IA
AV
OID
IN C
AD
, TH
RO
MB
OEM
BO
LISM
, RIS
K
HO
MO
CYS
TEI
NEM
IA
MA
Y W
OR
SEN
PA
RK
INSO
NS
SX
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Sero
toni
nerg
ic/S
SRI→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Tric
yclic
ant
idep
ress
ants→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Tram
adol→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
MA
OI→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me,
hyp
erte
nsiv
e cr
isis
Dex
trom
etho
rpha
n→se
roto
nin
synd
rom
e
Mep
erid
ine→
sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Levo
dopa
↓ef
fect
Tabl
et o
nly
in U
S
Poor
bio
avai
labi
lity
due
to
first
pas
s ef
fect
Dos
e: 8
00-1
600
mg/
day
in
2-3
divi
ded
dose
s
Mon
itor
glu
cose
, LFT
s
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
“hyp
eric
um”
“g
oat’
s w
eed”
◆◆
Flow
er b
loom
s ar
ound
feas
t ti
me
of S
t. Jo
hn t
he B
apti
st in
late
June
.◆
◆us
ed fo
r ce
ntur
ies
to t
reat
men
tal
dise
ase,
ner
vous
ness
, as
seda
tive
◆◆
used
to
trea
t m
alar
ia, a
nd w
as
balm
for
wou
nds,
bur
ns, a
nd
inse
ct b
ites
.
Use
d fo
r de
pres
sion
, anx
iety
and
sl
eep
diso
rder
s
Use
d fo
r PM
S, s
easo
nal a
ffec
tive
di
sord
er, s
omat
ofor
m d
isor
ders
.
Use
d fo
r A
DH
D, b
urni
ng m
outh
sy
ndro
me,
OC
D.
Stud
ies
show
: the
re m
ay n
ot b
e
any
mor
e ef
fect
iven
ess
than
pl
aceb
o fo
r m
ajor
dep
ress
ion
of
mod
erat
e se
veri
ty
Ano
ther
stu
dy N
CC
AM
and
NIM
H
show
ed n
eith
er a
ntid
epre
ssan
t
nor
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
trea
ted
mild
de
pres
sion
any
mor
e ef
fect
ivel
y
than
pla
cebo
Coc
hran
e re
view
200
8: b
ette
r th
an
plac
ebo
and
sim
ilar
to s
tand
ard
anti
-de
pres
sant
s w
ith
few
er s
ide
effe
cts
Hyp
erfo
rin
com
pone
nt in
hibi
ts
neur
onal
upt
ake
of d
opam
ine,
se
roto
nin,
nor
epin
ephr
ine,
GA
BA
an
d L-
glut
amat
e
* Avo
id u
se w
ith
othe
r an
tide
pres
sant
s; c
an le
ad t
o se
roto
nin
synd
rom
e. D
o no
t us
e w
ith
MA
OIs
.
* STO
P 5-
14 d
ays
pre-
oper
ativ
ely
* Do
not
use
wit
h su
icid
al id
eati
on
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on
AD
Rs:
Dro
wsi
ness
GI s
ympt
oms
Hyp
erte
nsio
n/hy
pert
ensi
ve c
risi
s
(cou
ld a
ct li
ke M
AO
I)
Man
ia
Sero
toni
n sy
ndro
me
Del
iriu
m
Con
fusi
on
psyc
hosi
s
MI
Palp
itat
ions
↑TS
H
↑A
CTH
Phot
osen
siti
vity
Dry
mou
th
dizz
ines
s
Flow
erin
g to
ps u
sed
fo
r te
as, t
able
ts,
caps
ule,
ext
ract
s,
liqui
ds, t
opic
al a
gent
s
Stan
dard
ized
ext
ract
do
se: 3
00 m
g po
tid
fo
r 4-
6 w
eeks
Sudd
en d
isco
ntin
uati
on
may
cau
se a
dver
se r
eact
ion
(con
tinue
s)
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
(con
tinue
d)D
RU
G IN
TER
AC
TIO
NS:
Ane
sthe
tics
SSR
I ant
idep
ress
ants
-ser
oton
in s
yndr
ome
Ant
ican
cer
drug
s
anti
coag
ulan
ts↓
effe
ct
anti
hype
rten
sive
s ↑
bp
alco
hol-↑
seda
tion
\ or
al c
ontr
acep
tive
s-↓
cont
race
ptio
n, p
ossi
bly
brea
k-th
roug
h bl
eedi
ng
Cyc
losp
orin
and
tra
nspl
ant
drug
s↓
Dig
oxin
-↓se
rum
leve
l
Stat
ins-↓
leve
l
HIV
dru
gs-m
ay a
ffec
t
Seiz
ure
drug
s-m
ay a
ffec
t
OTC
col
d/flu
med
s—m
ay ↑
MA
O in
hibi
tion
Tea
Tre
e O
il◆
◆U
sed
by A
ustr
alia
n ab
orig
ines
for
cent
urie
s◆
◆Fr
om t
ea t
ree
Use
s: a
thle
te’s
foot
(ti
nea
pedi
s), n
ail
fung
us (
onyc
hom
ycos
is)
wou
nds,
and
infe
ctio
ns
acne
dand
ruff
lice
oral
can
didi
asis
skin
lesi
ons
anti
bact
eria
l;ant
ifung
ual;
anti
-MR
SA
Stud
y: s
how
ed b
enef
it fo
r tr
eatm
ent
of w
ound
s of
MR
SA
Stud
ies:
hav
e sh
own
som
e po
siti
ve
bene
fit fo
r ac
ne, o
nych
omyc
osis
, ti
nea
pedi
s an
d da
ndru
ff
* Do
not
take
ora
lly; p
oiso
nous
, can
lead
to
com
a,
espe
cial
ly in
chi
ldre
n
* Can
be
topi
cal i
rrit
ant
or c
ause
con
tact
der
mat
itis
* Can
be
used
top
ical
ly in
pre
gnan
cy a
ccor
ding
to
Ulb
righ
t
AD
Rs:
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
Skin
dry
ness
Oto
toxi
city
if in
still
ed in
ear
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Topi
cal d
ryin
g ag
ents
↑dr
ynes
s
Tret
inoi
n ↑
dry
ness
Use
d to
pica
lly, 5
%-1
00%
oi
l, sa
fer
in a
dult
s
Topi
cal u
se in
you
ng b
oy
of s
tylin
g ge
l and
sha
mpo
o ca
used
bre
ast
grow
th
Is in
som
e m
outh
was
hes,
bu
t ba
sed
on t
he c
once
rns
wit
h or
al u
se, d
o no
t re
com
men
d
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Thu
nder
God
Vin
e◆
◆Fo
und
in C
hina
◆◆
Use
d in
Tra
diti
onal
Chi
nese
M
edic
ine
for
over
acti
vity
of
imm
une
syst
em o
r in
flam
mat
ion
Use
s in
clud
e M
S, S
LE, r
heum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis(
RA
)
Use
d fo
r ex
cess
ive
men
ses
HIV
/AID
S
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
oste
oart
hrit
is
May
hav
e im
mun
e st
imul
ant
effe
cts,
to
o
Stud
ies:
sho
w a
nti-c
ance
r an
d an
ti-
infla
mm
ator
y ef
fect
s
Stud
ies:
sho
w s
uppr
essi
on o
f im
mun
e sy
stem
eff
ect
Stud
ies:
sho
wed
ben
efit
s fo
r R
A p
ain
as g
ood
as s
ulfa
sala
zine
* HIG
HLY
PO
ISO
NO
US
LEA
VES
, FLO
WER
S A
ND
SK
IN O
F R
OO
T
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
GI s
ympt
oms
UR
I sym
ptom
s
Loss
of b
one
min
eral
den
sity
Dec
reas
e m
ale
fert
ility
Alo
peci
a, r
ash,
H/A
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S;
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es-a
lter
eff
ect
DM
AR
Ds
(ant
i-inf
lam
mat
orie
s)-↑
effe
ct
Imm
unos
uppr
essa
nts-↑
effe
cts
Extr
acts
mad
e fr
om
SKIN
NED
roo
t
No
cons
iste
nt, h
igh-
qual
ity
prod
ucts
are
mad
e in
the
U
S ye
t; C
hine
se p
rodu
cts
may
not
be
relia
ble
Tur
mer
ic “
Indi
an s
affr
on”
◆◆
Rel
ated
to
ging
er, b
itte
r ta
ste,
go
ld c
olor
◆◆
Use
d fo
r sp
ice
and
colo
r◆
◆U
sed
in T
radi
tion
al C
hine
se M
edi-
cine
and
Ayu
rved
ic M
edic
ine
for
liver
func
tion
, dig
esti
on, m
enst
rual
re
gula
tion
and
art
hrit
is p
ain
Topi
cally
, use
d fo
r w
ound
hea
ling
and
ecze
ma
Use
d or
ally
for
ulce
rs, c
ance
r,
GI p
robl
ems,
infla
mm
atio
n,
and
galls
tone
s
Stud
ies:
cur
cum
in c
hem
ical
in
turm
eric
has
ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory,
an
ti-c
ance
r, a
nd a
ntio
xida
nt
prop
erti
es in
ear
ly s
tudi
es
NC
CA
M fu
ndin
g st
udie
s on
: AR
DS,
os
teop
oros
is a
nd li
ver
canc
er
* Hig
h do
ses
or lo
ng t
erm
use
hav
e ca
used
: G
I pro
blem
s an
d liv
er is
sues
* Do
not
use
if ha
ve g
allb
ladd
er d
isea
se; c
an w
orse
n
* Con
side
red
safe
as
spic
e in
pre
gnan
cy, b
ut c
an
stim
ulat
e ut
erus
in h
igh
dose
s, s
o un
safe
the
re.
AD
Rs:
GI p
robl
ems
Hyp
oten
sion
Alo
peci
a
Con
tact
der
mat
itis
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
anti
diab
etic
age
nts↑
hypo
glyc
emia
anti
hype
rten
sive
s↓B
P ex
cess
ive
Rhi
zom
es (
unde
rgro
und
stem
s) (
dri
ed a
nd u
ses
as
oral
pow
der,
in c
apsu
les,
te
as, o
r liq
uid
extr
acts
.
Turm
eric
pas
te u
sed
on
ski
n.
Dos
e: r
oot
1.5-
7g in
di
vide
d da
ily d
oses
Tea:
1-1
.5 g
dri
ed r
oot
stee
ped
15 m
inut
es in
15
0ml w
ater
bid
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Val
eria
n “a
ll he
al”;
“g
arde
n he
liotr
ope”
◆◆
Use
d ba
ck t
o an
cien
t G
reec
e
and
Rom
e◆
◆D
escr
ibed
by
Hip
pocr
ates
and
G
alen
(fo
r in
som
nia)
Use
d fo
r sl
eep
diso
rder
s
Anx
iety
Dep
ress
ion
H/A
Arr
hyth
mia
May
be
aden
osin
e ag
onis
t
May
be
GA
BA
rec
epto
r m
odul
ator
May
hav
e C
NS
neur
opro
tect
ive
effe
cts
NC
CA
M r
esea
rchi
ng a
ffec
t on
sl
eep
in o
lder
adu
lts
and
Pa
rkin
son’
s pa
tien
ts
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
hel
ps in
som
nia,
not
en
ough
res
earc
h on
anx
iety
an
d de
pres
sion
Ger
man
E C
omm
issi
on a
ppro
ved
to
trea
t sl
eep
diso
rder
s fr
om n
ervo
us
cond
itio
ns a
nd r
estl
essn
ess
* Stu
dies
sho
w s
afe
for
shor
t pe
riod
s,
up t
o 4-
6 w
eeks
use
* Not
for
use
in p
regn
ancy
-pos
sibl
e
tera
toge
nic
effe
cts
AD
Rs:
Mor
ning
fati
gue
GI u
pset
Diz
zine
ss
H/A
Hal
luci
nati
ons
Ata
xia
↓H
R, ↓
BP
Dry
mou
th
Mus
cle
rela
xati
on
One
rep
ort
of w
ithd
raw
al s
x
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Alc
ohol
↑ef
fect
anti
depr
essa
nts↑
effe
ct
benz
odia
zepi
nes ↑
effe
ct
CN
S de
pres
sant
s ↑
effe
ct
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
BP
Roo
ts a
nd r
hizo
mes
(u
nder
grou
nd s
tem
s)
mak
e ta
blet
s, t
eas,
ca
psul
es, l
iqui
d ex
trac
ts
Use
½ t
o 2
hour
s be
fore
be
d if
for
slee
p
Mon
itor
LFT
s
Dos
e:
Anx
iety
: 80-
300m
g po
qd
Inso
mni
a: 4
00-9
00 m
g 30
-60
min
. bef
ore
hs
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
OF
HER
B/
BIO
LOG
ICA
L N
AM
E O
F H
ERB
DES
IRA
BLE
MED
ICIN
AL
AC
TIO
NS
OF
HER
BC
ON
TR
AIN
DIC
AT
ION
S A
ND
RIS
KS
(A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
ctio
ns o
r A
DR
s) O
F H
ERB
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G
OF
HER
B
Yohi
mbe
“yo
him
be b
ark”
◆◆
From
bar
k of
Afr
ican
ev
ergr
een
tree
Yohi
mbe
hyd
roch
lori
de fo
rm h
as
been
stu
died
for
erec
tile
dys
func
tion
Use
d fo
r fe
mal
e lib
ido,
SSR
I-in
duce
d lib
ido
issu
es
Use
d fo
r se
xual
dys
func
tion
, ap
hrod
isia
c
Use
d fo
r at
hlet
ic p
erfo
rman
ce
Stud
ies:
no
adeq
uate
stu
dies
don
e
Con
tain
s al
pha-
2 bl
ocke
r→↑
nore
pine
phri
ne
↑ch
olin
ergi
c an
d↑sy
mpa
thet
ic t
one
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy: f
etal
tox
icit
y, u
teri
ne r
elax
atio
n
* Do
not
use
in la
ctat
ion
* Do
not
use
wit
h M
AO
inhi
bito
rs, c
auti
on w
ith
othe
r an
tide
pres
sant
s an
d ph
enot
hiaz
ines
* Do
not
use
wit
h ps
ychi
atri
c or
ren
al d
isor
ders
—
can
exac
erba
te
* one
rep
ort
hype
rten
sive
cri
sis
* ove
rdos
e-se
vere
eff
ects
, pos
sibl
y fa
tal
AD
Rs:
Inso
mni
a
↑ o
r↓ B
P
Irri
tabi
lity,
psy
chos
is
N/V
Anx
iety
H/A
Ren
al fa
ilure
Lupu
s-lik
e sy
ndro
me
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
anti
diab
etic↓
bs
benz
odia
zepi
nes ↑
seda
tion
ETO
H↑
into
xica
tion
Nal
oxon
e/na
ltre
xone
↑yo
him
bine
tox
icit
y,
alte
r op
ioid
wit
hdra
wal
sx
CN
S st
imul
ants↑
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Cen
tral
sym
path
omim
etic
s ↑
yohi
mbi
ne t
oxic
ity
Som
e pr
oduc
ts c
onta
in
very
litt
le y
ohim
be
Bar
k us
ed in
cap
sule
s,
tabl
ets,
tea
Stan
dard
ized
yoh
imbe
av
aila
ble
by p
resc
ript
ion
Dos
e: 5
-50
mg
in
divi
ded
dose
s fo
r
erec
tile
dys
func
tion
Mon
itor
BP,
HR
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Aci
doph
ilus
◆◆
Mai
n ty
pes:
lact
obac
illus
spe
cies
(a
cido
philu
s, c
asei
, pla
ntar
um,
delb
ruec
kii)
◆◆
Bifi
doba
cter
ium
spe
cies
(br
evis
, in
fant
is, l
ongu
m)
Mai
ntai
n or
res
tore
mic
robi
al b
alan
ce
in G
I and
GU
tra
cts;
may
pro
duce
bac
teri
ocin
s an
d
lact
ic a
cid
whi
ch im
pair
gro
wth
of
pat
hoge
ns
* may
cau
se m
orbi
dity
or
mor
talit
y if
pati
ents
im
mun
ocom
prom
ised
or
debi
litat
ed.
Avo
id in
PR
EGN
AN
CY
(ris
k am
nion
itis
, se
psis
,end
omet
riti
s)
Avo
id w
ith
arti
ficia
l hea
rt v
alve
s, r
adia
tion
the
rapy
, or
al s
urge
ry, G
I sur
gery
, hem
e+ d
iarr
hea,
imm
uno-
com
prom
ised
, deb
ilita
ted
dosa
ge v
arie
s de
pend
ing
on n
umbe
r of
livi
ng o
rgan
-is
ms
in p
rodu
ct
som
e yo
gurt
s w
ith
liv
e cu
ltur
es
liqui
ds, c
apsu
les,
pow
ders
, ta
blet
s, m
ilk, v
agin
al a
nd
anal
sup
posi
tori
es
Som
e ar
e ke
pt r
efri
gera
ted
Take
2 h
ours
aft
er
anti
biot
ics
Do
not
take
wit
h im
mun
o-su
ppre
ssan
ts
Alp
ha L
ipoi
c A
cid
(ALA
)◆
◆Fo
und
espe
cial
ly in
pot
atoe
s,
spin
ach,
live
r an
d br
occo
li
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us, c
atar
acts
, re
tino
path
y, p
erip
hera
l neu
ropa
thy,
an
d ne
phro
path
y fr
om D
M
HIV
, cir
rhos
is, g
lauc
oma
Lead
tox
icit
y
Isch
emic
inju
ry li
ver,
bra
in, h
eart
Bur
ning
mou
th s
yndr
ome
AC
TIO
N: I
MPR
OV
ES
MIC
RO
CIR
CU
LATI
ON
IN
PER
IPH
ERA
L N
EUR
OPA
THY
IN
DM
AC
TIO
N: A
NTI
OXI
DA
NT
AC
TIO
N: ↑
INSU
LIN
-STI
MU
LATE
D
GLU
CO
SE U
SE IN
DM
AC
TIO
N: ↑
CD
4 A
ND
CD
8 LE
VEL
S IN
HIV
* avo
id in
thi
amin
e de
ficie
ncy
(alc
ohol
ism
esp
ecia
lly)
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
Cau
tion
wit
h bl
eedi
ng d
isor
ders
Inte
ract
ions
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
, ant
ipla
tele
ts,
NSA
IDs/
ASA
may
↑bl
eedi
ng r
isk
May
↓ e
ffec
tive
ness
che
mot
hera
py
May
↓ b
lood
sug
ar a
nd w
orse
n hy
pogl
ycem
ia
Ver
tigo
, h/a
, N/V
, ras
h
Ora
l
IV
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Arg
inin
e◆
◆Se
mi-e
ssen
tial
am
ino
acid
◆◆
Espe
cial
ly in
cor
n, d
airy
, oat
s,
mea
t, g
rain
s, b
row
n ri
ce, n
uts,
ch
ocol
ate,
rai
sins
AC
TIO
N: P
REC
UR
SOR
OF
NIT
RIC
O
XID
E, A
VA
SOD
ILA
TOR
AC
TIO
N: ↑
REL
AXA
TIO
N O
F SM
OO
TH M
USC
LE
AC
TIO
N: ↓
WB
C A
DH
ESIO
N,
PLA
TELE
T A
GG
REG
ATI
ON
, FI
BR
IN F
OR
MA
TIO
N
IMM
UN
E ST
IMU
LAN
T
CA
D, C
HF,
HTN
, PV
D, h
yper
-lip
idem
ia, b
reas
t ca
ncer
, ast
hma
*AN
AP
HYL
AX
IS T
O IV
AR
GIN
INE
IN C
HIL
DR
EN;
*AT
RIO
VEN
TR
ICU
LAR
BLO
CK
h/a,
diz
zine
ss, a
typi
cal c
hest
pai
n
↑ b
leed
ing
risk
↑ o
r ↓
blo
od s
ugar
↓bp
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy a
nd la
ctat
ion
Avo
id a
fter
acu
te M
I
Avo
id IV
form
s in
aci
dosi
s or
hyp
oten
sion
Suff
icie
nt a
mou
nts
mad
e in
bod
y
If s
uppl
emen
ted,
cre
am,
caps
ule,
IV, n
utri
ent
bar
No
esta
blis
hed
stan
dard
s
Bee
Pol
len
◆◆
Flow
er p
olle
n co
llect
ed o
n bo
dies
of
wor
ker
bees
mix
ed w
ith
nect
ar
and
bee
saliv
a◆
◆C
omm
erci
al b
ee p
olle
n m
ay b
e ju
st
polle
n ha
rves
ted
from
pla
nts
◆◆
NO
T sa
me
as h
oney
or
roya
l jel
ly◆
◆C
onta
ins:
ess
enti
al a
min
o ac
ids,
es
sent
ial f
atty
aci
ds, h
orm
ones
, m
iner
als,
vit
amin
s B
and
C c
oen-
zym
es, s
tero
ls, l
ipid
s, c
arbo
hy-
drat
es, a
nd m
ore
Ath
leti
c pe
rfor
man
ce
Mem
ory
boos
ter
Mul
tipl
e sc
lero
sis
Men
opau
se a
nd P
MS
Red
uce
canc
er c
hem
othe
rapy
si
de e
ffec
ts
Ant
ioxi
dant
Imm
une
stim
ulan
t
Ant
ifung
al
* Alle
rgic
rea
ctio
ns: a
naph
ylax
is, e
dem
a,
shor
tnes
s of
bre
ath,
pru
ruti
s, e
osin
ophi
lia,
risk
ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
AD
Rs:
N/V
/D, a
bdom
inal
pai
n
Hep
atit
is
H/A
, mal
aise
Phot
osen
siti
vity
Ver
tigo
Hay
feve
r
Dec
reas
ed m
emor
y
Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
Con
trai
ndic
ated
in a
llerg
y to
pol
lens
Cap
sule
s, t
able
ts, l
iqui
d,
gran
ules
, ext
ract
s, fo
od
supp
lem
ents
No
stan
dard
ized
pro
duct
s
Oft
en in
com
bina
tion
pr
oduc
ts
Polle
n co
nten
t va
ries
de
pend
ing
on p
lant
and
ge
ogra
phic
loca
tion
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Cap
sicu
m “
caye
nne”
“ch
ili p
eppe
r”
“pap
rika
” “c
apsa
icin
”◆
◆Po
ssib
ly c
apsa
icin
rel
ease
s su
b-st
ance
P fr
om n
euro
ns, w
hich
de
crea
ses
pain
sen
sati
on
Use
s: c
lott
ing
diso
rder
s
GI d
isor
ders
Clu
ster
hea
dach
e
Mus
culo
skel
etal
pai
n
Neu
ropa
thic
pai
n
Post
oper
ativ
e N
/V
Pere
nnia
l rhi
niti
s
May
be
imm
unos
uppr
essa
nt,
anti
-infla
mm
ator
y, a
ntim
icro
bial
* ris
k al
lerg
ic r
eact
ions
AD
Rs:
↑H
R, ↑
BP
tran
sien
tly
Topi
cal b
urni
ng o
n sk
in, c
onta
ct d
erm
atit
is
Phar
yngi
tis,
rhi
norr
hea
(nas
al)
Eye
burn
ing
and
tear
ing
Swea
ting
, flu
shin
g
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
AC
E in
hibi
tors
↑co
ugh
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s ↑
HR
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
,↑in
sulin
Ant
iulc
er a
gent
s ↑
stom
ach
acid
Pow
der,
top
ical
cre
ams,
in
tran
asal
spr
ay
Zost
rix
crea
m c
onta
ins
0,02
5% c
apsa
icin
Law
enf
orce
men
t us
es in
pe
pper
spr
ay
Cho
ndro
itin
Sul
fate
◆◆
Glu
curo
nic
acid
and
gal
acto
sam
ine
mol
ecul
e◆
◆Fo
und
in m
amm
alia
n ca
rtila
ge,
supp
lem
ent
deri
ved
from
bov
ine,
sh
ark,
or
synt
heti
c m
ater
ial
◆◆
Cau
tion
wit
h bo
vine
typ
e: r
isk
bovi
ne s
pong
iform
enc
epha
lopa
thy
(Mad
Cow
Dis
ease
)
Use
s:
Ost
eoar
thri
tis,
esp
ecia
lly o
f hip
an
d kn
ee
Psor
iasi
s
May
hav
e an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory
May
be
prot
ecti
ve o
f joi
nt
* avo
id in
she
llfis
h al
lerg
y
* avo
id in
ble
edin
g di
sord
er, p
reop
erat
ivel
y
AD
Rs:
↑or↓
BP
Euph
oria
, H/A
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
Ble
edin
g ri
sk, ↓
hem
oglo
bin
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
anti
coag
ulan
ts↑
blee
ding
Iron
↑ab
sorp
tion
In c
apsu
les
or c
ombi
ned
wit
h gl
ucos
amin
e
May
be
able
to
dose
in
term
itte
ntly
200-
400m
g/d
in d
ivid
ed
or o
ne d
ose
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Cha
steb
erry
“vi
tex”
◆◆
Use
d by
mon
ks t
o de
crea
se s
exua
l de
sire
, tho
ught
to
prom
ote
chas
tity
Use
s: m
enop
ause
sym
ptom
s
Bre
ast
milk
pro
duct
ion
PMS
sym
ptom
s
Infe
rtili
ty
Acn
e
Stud
ies:
pos
sibl
e be
nefit
for
brea
st
pain
, inf
erti
lity,
PM
S, b
ut n
eeds
m
ore
stud
y
* Do
not
take
in p
regn
ancy
/la
ctat
ion
seco
ndar
y to
ho
rmon
al e
ffec
t
* Do
not
take
wit
h do
pam
ine
med
icat
ions
(s
ome
anti
psyc
hoti
cs, P
arki
nson
’s d
rugs
)
beca
use
affe
cts
dopa
min
e
* Do
not
take
wit
h or
al c
ontr
acep
tive
s or
hor
mon
e-re
late
d ca
ncer
(e.
g. b
reas
t ca
ncer
)
AD
Rs:
Acn
e
GI s
ympt
oms
Diz
zine
ss
Dep
ress
ion,
fati
gue
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
ipsy
chot
ic a
gent
s as
abo
ve
Dop
amin
e ag
ents
as
abov
e
Dry
com
mer
cial
ext
ract
: up
to
40m
g/da
y
Liqu
id c
omm
erci
al e
xtra
ct:
1.8m
l/da
y
Dri
ed fr
uit-
up t
o
600m
g/da
y
Cin
nam
on
From
bar
k of
cin
nam
on t
ree
Man
y va
riet
ies;
Cey
lon
and
Chi
nese
(c
assi
a) c
inna
mon
mos
t co
mm
on
Use
s: d
iabe
tes
mel
litus
Bro
nchi
tis
GI s
ympt
oms,
loss
of a
ppet
ite
Ang
ina,
CA
D
Stud
ies:
lack
ing
supp
ort
* Avo
id c
onsu
min
g la
rge
amou
nts
of c
assi
a ci
nnam
on, b
ecau
se it
con
tain
s co
umar
in,
of t
he a
ntic
oagu
lant
fam
ily
* Alle
rgic
/hyp
erse
nsit
ivit
y re
acti
on
AD
Rs:
Ast
hma
Glo
ssit
is, g
ingi
viti
s, s
tom
atit
is
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Pow
ders
, ext
ract
s,
caps
ules
, tea
s
Dos
es: T
ype
II di
abet
es
mel
litus
up
to 6
g/da
y
for
40 d
ays
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Cra
nber
ry◆
◆N
o lo
nger
tho
ught
to
acid
ify u
rine
◆◆
Inst
ead,
con
tain
s pr
oant
ho-
cyan
idin
s w
hich
pre
vent
ba
cter
ial a
dhes
ion
in b
ladd
er
Use
s: t
reat
uri
nary
tra
ct in
fect
ions
Trea
t H
.pyl
ori s
tom
ach
infe
ctio
ns
that
cau
se u
lcer
s
Ant
ioxi
dant
Ant
ican
cer
Prev
ent
dent
al p
laqu
e
Stud
ies:
dis
pute
tha
t cr
anbe
rrie
s ca
n tr
eat
urin
ary
trac
t in
fect
ions
, but
the
y m
ay h
elp
PREV
ENT
them
Stud
ies:
may
pre
vent
E.c
oli o
rgan
ism
s fr
om a
dher
ing
in u
rina
ry t
ract
wal
ls
and
may
pre
vent
H.p
ylor
i org
anis
ms
from
sur
vivi
ng in
sto
mac
h
Stud
ies:
pos
sibl
e an
tiox
idan
t pr
oper
-ti
es; p
ossi
bly
prev
ents
den
tal p
laqu
e
* exc
ess
cran
berr
y ju
ice
can
caus
e G
I ups
et
* use
cau
tiou
sly
if ta
king
con
com
itan
t an
tico
agul
ants
or
asp
irin
, or
med
icat
ions
tha
t af
fect
live
r
AD
Rs:
↑ri
sk b
leed
ing
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
ibio
tics
–ad
diti
ve
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Asp
irin
↑ b
leed
ing
Bev
erag
e, s
auce
s
and
jelli
es
Tabl
ets,
cap
sule
s
Dos
e: c
apsu
les
200-
800m
g da
ily in
div
ided
dos
es
Dos
e: ju
ice
cock
tail—
500m
l/da
y
Cre
atin
e◆
◆Pr
oduc
ed in
bod
y fr
om
amin
o ac
ids
◆◆
Stor
ed in
mus
cles
Use
: ath
leti
c pe
rfor
man
ce
enha
ncem
ent
Stud
ies:
con
flict
ing
repo
rts
abou
t po
ssib
le r
enal
dys
func
tion
Stud
ies:
eff
ects
onl
y in
sho
rt d
urat
ion
phys
ical
act
ivit
y
* Avo
id in
bip
olar
, arr
hyth
mia
, DM
AD
Rs:
H/A
, sed
atio
n, s
eizu
res
Arr
hyth
mia
, ede
ma
GI s
ympt
oms
Mus
cle
cram
ping
Agg
ress
ion,
irri
tabi
lity,
man
ia in
bip
olar
, de
pres
sion
, anx
iety
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
iarr
hyth
mic
s ↑
arrh
ythm
ia
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
alt
er b
s
Diu
reti
cs ↑
effe
ct
NSA
IDS ↑
neph
roto
xici
ty
Avo
id w
ith
caff
eine
pr
oduc
ts
Dos
e: u
p to
25g
/dai
ly
by m
outh
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
DH
EA◆
◆Pr
oduc
ed b
y ad
rena
ls, l
iver
, te
stes
, neu
rons
◆◆
Con
vert
ed t
o D
HEA
S-S,
can
be
con
vert
ed t
o es
trog
ens
an
d an
drog
ens
Use
s: a
dren
al in
suff
icie
ncy
Dep
ress
ion
Obe
sity
Incr
ease
str
engt
h
Stud
ies:
No
bene
fit fo
r im
prov
ing
mem
ory
or
for
dise
ases
Ban
ned
subs
tanc
e: b
y N
atio
nal
Col
legi
ate
Ath
leti
c A
ssoc
iati
on
AD
Rs:
Dee
peni
ng v
oice
Arr
hyth
mia
, HTN
GI s
ympt
oms
Agi
tati
on, c
onfu
sion
, dep
ress
ion,
psy
chos
is
Insu
lin r
esis
tanc
e
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↑
bp
Ant
ipsy
chot
ics ↑
man
ia
Lith
ium
↑m
ania
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↑in
sulin
res
ista
nce
Tabl
ets,
cap
sule
s, c
ream
s
Fish
Oil
“om
ega
3 oi
ls”
DH
A/E
PA◆
◆Fr
om o
ily fi
sh◆
◆C
onta
ins
DH
A o
meg
a 3
fatt
y ac
id
(doc
osah
exae
noic
aci
d) a
nd E
PA
(eic
osap
enta
enoi
c ac
id)
Use
s:
Hyp
ertr
igly
ceri
dem
ia
Prev
enti
on C
AD
May
be
anti
thro
mbo
geni
c
Mild
↓B
P
↓at
hero
scle
roti
c pl
aque
↓tr
igly
ceri
dem
ia
May
be
anti
-arr
hyth
mic
* avo
id in
fish
alle
rgy
* avo
id p
erio
pera
tive
ly d
ue t
o bl
eedi
ng r
isk
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
due
to
risk
of
mer
cury
con
tam
inat
ion
* avo
id in
ble
edin
g di
sord
ers
AD
Rs:
↓B
P, ↑
LDL
↑A
lt in
cys
tic
fibro
sis
↑ri
sk m
ania
Fish
y ta
ste,
bel
chin
g
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Vit
A a
nd D
may
cau
se t
oxic
ity
wit
h co
d liv
er o
il
Vit
E:↑
ble
edin
g
Dos
e: 2
-4 g
EP
A+D
HA
dai
ly
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se D
rug
Rea
c-ti
ons
or A
DR
s) O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
USU
AL
DO
SIN
G O
F
SUP
PLE
MEN
T
Flax
seed
oil/
seed
“l
inse
ed o
il”◆
◆Fl
axse
ed c
onta
ins
ligna
ns,
or p
hyto
estr
ogen
s◆
◆Fl
axse
ed o
il do
es n
ot
cont
ain
any
ligna
ns
Use
s: m
enop
ause
sym
ptom
s
Laxa
tive
Art
hrit
is
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Can
cer
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
hel
p lo
wer
lipi
ds if
lip
ids
are
elev
ated
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
alp
ha-li
nole
ic a
cid
(typ
e of
om
ega
3 fa
tty
acid
) co
n-ta
ined
wit
hin
help
s he
art
dise
ase
Stud
ies:
mix
ed r
esul
ts o
n ho
t fla
shes
Stud
ies:
sug
gest
mig
ht r
educ
e so
me
canc
ers’
ris
ks, u
ncle
ar
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y du
e to
ris
k of
spo
ntan
eous
del
iver
y
* Ris
k al
lerg
y, t
ype
I hyp
erse
nsit
ivit
y
AD
Rs:
Seve
re d
iarr
hea
Abd
omin
al p
ain,
bow
el o
bstr
ucti
on
↓pl
atel
et a
ggre
gati
on
↑ t
rigl
ycer
ides
May
aff
ect
sex
horm
ones
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
acet
amin
ophe
n↓ab
sorp
tion
anti
coag
ulan
ts ↑
ble
edin
g
anti
diab
etic
age
nts ↑
or ↓
bs
anti
hype
rten
sive
s ↓
bp
furo
sem
ide↓
abso
rpti
on
Flax
seed
oil
is in
liqu
id o
r ca
psul
e fo
rm
Flax
seed
who
le o
r cr
ushe
d ca
n be
mix
ed w
ith
wat
er
or u
sed
wit
h fo
od; a
lso
in
pow
der
form
Take
bot
h se
ed a
nd o
il in
su
ffic
ient
wat
er t
o av
oid
inte
stin
al o
bstr
ucti
on a
nd
cons
tipa
tion
Do
not
take
sam
e ti
me
as a
ny o
ther
med
icat
ions
or
sup
plem
ents
, as
may
de
crea
se a
bsor
ptio
n
Dos
e: o
il up
to
2g/d
aily
Dos
e: p
owde
r/flo
ur u
p to
60
g/da
ily, d
ivid
ed d
oses
w
ith
liqui
d up
to
4 w
eeks
Glu
cosa
min
eU
ses:
ost
eoar
thri
tis,
rh
eum
atoi
d ar
thri
tis
TMJ
Dia
bete
s m
ellit
us
Chr
onic
ven
ous
insu
ffic
ienc
y
Mos
t st
udie
s us
e gl
ucos
amin
e su
lfate
, so
me
wit
h ch
ondr
oiti
n
Coc
hran
e re
view
: sho
ws
good
ev
iden
ce fo
r m
inim
al im
prov
emen
t
in p
ain
of O
/A k
nee/
hip
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
* avo
id w
ith
hx o
f she
llfis
h or
iodi
ne a
llerg
y as
som
e pr
epar
atio
ns fr
om m
arin
e ex
oske
leto
ns
* cau
tion
in D
M-m
ay↑
bs
AD
Rs:
Diz
zine
ss, H
/A, s
omno
lenc
e
↑bp
,↑he
art
rate
, pal
pita
tion
s
GI s
ide
effe
cts
Ast
hma
exac
erba
tion
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓in
sulin
pro
duct
ion
or ↑
insu
lin r
esis
tanc
e
Take
s av
erag
e 2-
4 w
eeks
fo
r be
nefit
Dos
e: 5
00m
g ti
d fo
r up
to
6 m
onth
s
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Gra
pese
ed E
xtra
ct◆
◆Le
aves
and
frui
t of
gra
pes
ha
ve b
een
used
med
icin
ally
si
nce
anci
ent
Gre
ece
◆◆
Extr
act
mad
e fr
om g
rape
see
ds
left
over
from
win
e-m
akin
g
Use
s: a
ther
oscl
eros
is, C
AD
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
HTN
Cir
cula
tory
issu
es fr
om d
iabe
tes,
in
eye
s (m
acul
ar d
egen
erat
ion
and
vasc
ular
dis
ease
), p
erip
hery
Can
cers
edem
a
Stud
ies:
sho
w e
ffic
acy
for
chro
nic
veno
us in
suff
icie
ncy
and
extr
emit
y ed
ema
Stud
ies:
ben
efit
for
diab
etic
ret
ino-
path
y an
d an
tiox
idan
t ef
fect
s
Stud
ies
in p
roce
ss a
re lo
okin
g at
br
east
, pro
stat
e, c
olon
can
cer
prev
en-
tion
, Alz
heim
er’s
tre
atm
ent
* Avo
id in
per
iope
rati
ve p
erio
ds
* Avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
* Avo
id w
ith
blee
ding
dis
orde
rs, i
ron
defic
ienc
y
AD
Rs:
H/A
, diz
zine
ss
HTN
Itch
y sc
alp
GI s
ympt
oms
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↑
effe
ct
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Iron
↓ a
mou
nt
Dos
e: u
p to
300
mg/
d
by m
outh
in c
apsu
les
or
tab
lets
Gre
en T
ea “
Chi
nese
Tea
”
“Jap
anes
e Te
a”◆
◆A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
is E
GC
G
Use
s: m
enta
l ale
rtne
ss
Wei
ght
loss
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Can
cer
trea
tmen
ts—
gast
ric,
br
east
, ski
n
Stud
ies:
mix
ed r
esul
ts o
n pr
even
tion
or
slo
win
g of
som
e ca
ncer
s
Stud
y: im
prov
es m
enta
l ale
rtne
ss,
likel
y fr
om c
affe
ine
* Avo
id if
on
anti
coag
ulan
ts a
s co
ntai
ns V
itam
in K
* Avo
id if
caf
fein
e-se
nsit
ive
* Avo
id u
sing
con
cent
rate
d gr
een
tea
extr
acts
if h
ave
or d
evel
op li
ver
issu
es; s
ome
risk
live
r to
xici
ty
AD
Rs:
Caf
fein
e-re
late
d: in
som
nia,
irri
tabi
lity,
pal
pita
tion
s,
GI u
pset
, uri
nary
freq
uenc
y, ↑
psyc
hiat
ric
sym
ptom
s
Prim
arily
use
d as
be
vera
ge b
y st
eam
ing
gr
een
tea
leav
es.
Can
be
mad
e in
to c
apsu
les
or p
ut w
ith
othe
r pr
oduc
ts.
Som
e to
pica
l pro
duct
s.
Dos
e: 2
50-9
50m
l tea
po
qd
up t
o 4
wee
ks fo
r C
AD
ben
efit
s
Dos
e: 4
00m
l tid
for
m
enta
l ale
rtne
ss
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Gua
rana
◆◆
Has
am
ong
high
est
caff
eine
co
nten
t of
all
plan
ts◆
◆G
uara
na=2
.5%
-7%
caf
fein
e◆
◆C
offe
e=1%
-2%
caf
fein
e
Use
s: c
ogni
tive
and
m
ood
enha
ncem
ent
obes
ity
* Not
to
be u
sed
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on d
ue t
o hi
gh
perc
enta
ge o
f caf
fein
e an
d as
soci
ated
ris
ks m
isca
r-ri
age,
IUG
R
* not
to
be u
sed
wit
h an
tico
agul
ants
, as
it d
ecre
ases
pl
atel
et a
ggre
gati
on
AD
Rs:
Rel
ated
to
caff
eine
con
tent
Agi
tati
on, a
nxie
ty, i
nsom
nia
Arr
hyth
mia
, hyp
erte
nsio
n
H/A
, GI s
ympt
oms
Tach
ycar
dia,
psy
chos
is, o
ther
s
↓pl
atel
et a
ggre
gati
on
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S:
Alc
ohol
↑ef
fect
Ana
lges
ics ↑
effe
ct
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
anti
hype
rten
sive
s↓ef
fect
anti
biot
ics
alte
r ef
fect
CN
S de
pres
sant
s-an
tago
nist
ic
Ephe
drin
e-ad
diti
ve
Dop
amin
ergi
c-ad
diti
ve
Bet
ablo
cker
s-an
tago
nist
ic
othe
rs
Dry
ext
ract
dos
es s
houl
d no
t be
>3g
/day
Foun
d in
Bra
zilia
n so
das,
an
d in
crea
sing
ly in
US
ener
gy p
rodu
cts
and
en
ergy
dri
nks.
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Kel
p “s
eaw
eed”
◆◆
Bro
wn
seaw
eed
has
been
use
d fo
r fo
od a
nd m
edic
ine
◆◆
Con
tain
s so
dium
alg
inat
e
Use
s: a
ntic
oagu
lant
Ant
ivir
al
Wou
nd r
epai
r
goit
er
Wei
ght
loss
Can
cer
Evid
ence
ant
ioxi
dant
and
an
tiba
cter
ial a
ctio
ns
Ant
icoa
gula
nt e
ffec
t in
lab
* Iod
ine
may
cau
se h
yper
sens
itiv
ity
rash
incl
udin
g an
gioe
dem
a, T
TP, d
eath
* Not
for
preg
nanc
y/la
ctat
ion-
abor
tifa
cent
eff
ect
AD
Rs:
↓bp
in s
ome
spec
ies
Incr
ease
or
decr
ease
thy
roid
Laxa
tive
eff
ect
Ble
edin
g
Peri
pher
al n
euro
path
y fr
om a
rsen
ic c
onte
nt
Nep
hrot
oxic
ity
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
SLa
xati
ves ↑
effe
ct
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp in
som
e
Estr
ogen
s-an
ties
trog
enic
eff
ect
Aqu
eous
ext
ract
, pow
der,
gr
anul
es, c
apsu
les,
tab
lets
No
stan
dard
izat
ion
of
iodi
ne c
onte
nt
Mel
aton
in
Neu
roho
rmon
e se
cret
ed b
y pi
neal
gl
and
due
to d
arkn
ess
Influ
ence
s ci
rcad
ian
rhyt
hm a
nd
slee
p in
itia
tion
Use
: sle
ep d
isor
ders
AD
HD
Alz
heim
er’s
dis
ease
May
impa
ct b
rain
sle
ep c
ente
r
Imm
une
stim
ulan
t
Ant
ioxi
dant
Jet
lag
* Do
not
use
in p
regn
ancy
/lac
tati
on
AD
Rs:
con
fusi
on
Dep
ress
ion
(tra
nsie
nt)
Diz
zine
ss
Dre
am d
istu
rban
ce
Dro
wsi
ness
Irri
tabi
lity
Neu
robe
havi
oral
alt
erat
ion
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
SA
ntic
oagu
lant
s ↓
effe
ctiv
enes
s
Ant
ihyp
erlip
idem
ics ↑
athe
rosc
lero
sis
Ant
isei
zure
dru
gs ↑
seiz
ure
risk
Seda
tive
s ↑
seda
tion
Not
app
rove
d fo
r sa
fety
ov
er >
3 m
onth
s us
e
Dos
e: 0
.1-5
mg
in
eve
ning
po
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Pol
icos
anol
◆◆
Alc
ohol
s fr
om s
ugar
can
e w
ax
Use
: hyp
erch
oles
tero
lem
ia
Inhi
bits
cho
lest
erol
syn
thes
is in
live
r
LDL
degr
adat
ion
Ant
ioxi
dant
Stud
ies:
man
y fr
om C
uba,
sou
rce
of
suga
r ca
ne, s
ome
conf
licti
ng d
ata
from
non
-Cub
an s
tudi
es
AD
Rs
Ant
ipla
tele
t ef
fect
H/A
, diz
zy, ↓
BP
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents↓
bs
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Ant
ipar
kins
onia
ns ↑
dysk
ines
ias
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Nit
rate
s ↓
bp
Cap
sule
s, t
able
ts
Dos
e: 5
-80m
g/da
y up
to
3 ye
ars
Red
Yea
st R
ice
◆◆
Extr
act
from
ferm
enti
ng r
ice
w
ith
yeas
t◆
◆FD
A b
anne
d sa
le in
US
due
to
viol
atio
n, s
uppl
emen
t co
ntai
ned
lova
stat
in (
pres
crip
tion
sta
tin)
◆◆
FDA
war
ns n
ot t
o bu
y on
inte
rnet
du
e to
lova
stat
in c
ompo
nent
Use
: hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Con
tain
ste
rols
, fat
ty a
cids
, is
ofla
vone
s
Ant
i-inf
lam
mat
ory
pote
ntia
l
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs
Ras
h, a
naph
ylax
is
Diz
zine
ss, H
/A,
↓bp
↓bs
GI s
ympt
oms
↓H
gb, ↓
BU
N
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Alc
ohol
↑liv
er t
oxic
ity
CoQ
10 ↓
, nee
ds s
uppl
emen
t
Ant
idia
beti
c ↓
or ↑
bs
Ant
ihyp
erlip
idem
ics ↑
risk
adv
erse
eff
ects
Stat
ins ↑
ris
k ad
vers
e ef
fect
s
↑ri
sk r
habd
omyo
lysi
s w
ith
azal
ides
, cyc
losp
orin
e,
nefa
zodo
ne, o
ther
s
Gel
cap
sule
s
Do
not
take
wit
h gr
apef
ruit
ju
ice
or a
lcoh
ol
NA
TU
RA
L SU
PP
LEM
ENT
SD
ESIR
AB
LE M
EDIC
INA
L A
CT
ION
S O
F SU
PP
LEM
ENT
CO
NT
RA
IND
ICA
TIO
NS
AN
D R
ISK
S (A
dver
se
Dru
g R
eact
ions
or
AD
Rs)
OF
SUP
PLE
MEN
TU
SUA
L D
OSI
NG
OF
SU
PP
LEM
ENT
Soy
◆◆
Soyb
eans
con
tain
isof
lavo
nes,
si
mila
r to
est
roge
n
Use
s: m
enop
ausa
l sym
ptom
s
HTN
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Ost
eopo
rosi
s
Bre
ast
and
pros
tate
can
cer
(may
be
now
con
trai
ndic
ated
in b
reas
t ca
ncer
)
Stud
ies:
red
uces
LD
L ch
oles
tero
l
Stud
ies:
red
uces
hot
flas
hes
* Rar
e al
lerg
ies
* Avo
id s
oy in
hor
mon
e-re
late
d ca
ncer
s or
ris
k of
ca
ncer
s (b
reas
t, e
ndom
etri
al, o
vari
an)
AD
Rs:
Mild
GI s
ympt
oms
H/A
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
icoa
gula
nts ↑
blee
ding
Ant
ihyp
erte
nsiv
es ↓
bp
Tam
oxife
n in
terf
eres
wit
h ef
fect
s
Estr
ogen
inte
rfer
es w
ith
effe
cts
Soyb
eans
, tof
u, s
oy m
ilk
Pow
ders
, cap
sule
s, s
uppl
e-m
ents
and
nut
riti
on b
ars
Dos
e: 1
0-10
6g p
o bi
d
Dos
e: 2
5 g
soy
daily
for
CA
D r
isk
Spir
ulin
a “b
lue-
gree
n al
gae”
Use
s: d
iabe
tes,
hyp
erlip
idem
ia
Alle
rgic
rhi
niti
s
Wei
ght
loss
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
H/A
, N/V
hepa
toto
xici
ty
Dos
e: D
M 1
g p
o bi
d
wit
h m
eals
Dos
e: a
llerg
ic r
hini
tis
1000
-200
0mg
qd
x12
wee
ks
Wild
Yam
Use
s: h
yper
lipid
emia
Men
opau
sal s
ympt
oms
* avo
id in
pre
gnan
cy/l
acta
tion
AD
Rs:
GI u
pset
, con
tact
der
mat
itis
DR
UG
INT
ERA
CT
ION
S
Ant
idia
beti
c ag
ents
↓bs
Hor
mon
es a
lter
ed e
ffec
ts
Topi
cal-v
agin
al c
ream
s
Cap
sule
s: 2
50m
g 1-
3x/d
ay
n RefeRenCeS:Herbs At A Glance. (2013). NIH National Center
for Complementary and Alternative Medicine retrieved at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/herbs ataglance.htm (Natural Standard Database Web site and Natural Medicines Comprehensive Data-base Web site are resources)
Sanoski, C.A., & Sucich, M.I. (2011). Herbal Notes: A Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
Ulbright, C. (2011). Davis’ Pocket Guide to Herbs and Sup-plements. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. (Note: author is founder of Natural Standard Research Collabora-tion and Chief Editor, Journal of Dietary Supplements).
