Toward Congestion-Free Metropolis

Kiichiro HATOYAMASenior Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

the University of Tokyo

~ Effective countermeasures

and their implementation ~

Who am I?

Kiichiro HATOYAMA, Ph.D

- Professional Experience

2008-2011 Visiting Lecturer, Graduate School of

Business Administration, Moscow State University

2011- Senior Assistant Professor, Department of

Civil Engineering, the University of Tokyo

- Research Field:

- Transport Planning

- Urban Planning

- Environmental Psychology

- Research Achievement in Russia

Proposal to improve traffic congestion

problems in Moscow City

Essence of Transport Planning

Each city has its individual characteristics.

There is no universal measure that can immediately applicable to any cities’ problem.

◦ climates, history, culture, law system, etc.

We should arrange it considering each city’s context.

Experience, knowledge, insight and foresight are essential to solve problems.

Transport planning is similar to doctor’s work.

Comparison - Moscow and Tokyo

City Moscow Tokyo

Area 1,081 km2 2,190 km2

Central area 622km2

Population 10,562,000 13,049,000Central area 8,503,000

Car ownership 3,008,000 4,519,000

Road area ratio 8.3% 8.3%

Density of vehicle in Moscow is 1.5 times larger

than that in Tokyo.

Moscow City and Moscow Oblast

Road Network Concept of Tokyo

Metropolitan Area- “3 Rinds and 9 Radials”

In 2005 In the Future

Source: Ministry of Land, Transportation, Infrastructure and Tourism (MLIT)

Metro in Tokyo and Moscow

Index Tokyo Moscow

Number of lines 13 12

Number of stations(a) 285 182

Operating distance (km) (b) 304.1 301.2

Average number of passenger (1,000 person a day)

8,650 6,650

Car ownership 3751 4512

Average distances between stations*

1.12 1.77

* Calculated from (a) and (b)

What are the Problems in Moscow?

A) Problems in the Transport System

1. Inadequate infrastructure

2. Too-complicated signal phasing

What are the Problems in Moscow?

A) Problems in the Transport System

1. Inadequate infrastructure

2. Too-complicated signal phasing

3. Heavy use of weaving sections

What are the Problems in Moscow?

A) Problems in the Transport System

1. Inadequate infrastructure

2. Too-complicated signal phasing

3. Heavy use of weaving sections

4. Difficulty in left turning

What are the Problems in Moscow?

A) Problems in the Transport System

1. Inadequate infrastructure

2. Too-complicated signal phasing

3. Heavy use of weaving sections

4. Difficulty in left turning

5. Rapidly narrowing road width100m

8 lanes

4 lanes3 lanes

More Problems?

B) Problems on the Drivers’ Behavior

1. Surging into intersections

2. Cutting into line

3. Running into narrow streets

4. Parking on roads

C) Problems in Social System

1. Time-consuming registration process of

traffic accidents

2. Unexpected roadblocks

3. Disabled vehicles on roads

Short-Term Possible Measures 1

A) Traffic Regulation Improvement

1. To review signal phase design and split allocation

2. To change the policy of left turning

3. To reduce the road width gradually

B) Infrastructure Improvement

1. To make parking places

2. To equip left turn pocket

3. To improve weaving sections

4. To keep additional routes for emergencies

Short-Term Possible Measures 2

C) Control and User Education

1. To prohibit parking within 30m from intersections

2. To clarify places where parking is prohibited

Short-Term Possible Measures 2

C) Control and User Education

1. To prohibit parking within 30m from intersections

2. To clarify places where parking is prohibited

3. To establish a “Traffic Jam Reduction Team”

4. To provide information to drivers

5. To speed up the registration process of traffic

accidents

6. To practice a campaign of “Smart Drive”

Mottoes for Long-Term Measures

1. To share the future “vision” of this city among the

Administration and citizens

Private vehicle vs. public transport?

Convenience vs. environmental friendliness?

2. To think realistically and practically

Planning must have responsibility to the future.

It is NOT practically desirable to impose strict regulation

without any infrastructure construction.

3. To understand the merits and demerits of each

measure

No “perfect” measure

Performance management based on PDCA cycle

21

PDCA-cycle Management

Plana change or a test, aimed at

improvement

DoCarry out the change or test

(preferably on a small scale)

Checkthe results. What was learned?

What went wrong?

ActAdopt the change, abandon it,

Or run through the cycle again

Continuous Improvement

Key points for Long-Term Measures 1

1. To conduct a comprehensive survey and

analysis

To understand present situation and to

forecast future demand

How do citizens move around in the city?

Place, time and reason of traffic jam?

How about traffic accidents?

Person-trip survey* in Japan once in 10 years

We should cooperate with the survey.

* Person-trip survey: A survey, asking detailed movement of each

person in one particular day to understand “when and what kind of

transportation is used by whom for what purpose”

Key points for Long-Term Measures 2

2. To clarify the position of public transport

Many people already use metro, like Tokyo.

Public transport (incl. trolley bus) should keep

a certain level of load factor.

Why do less people use buses and trams?

Is proposed interval of 5 min. sufficient?

There are several ways of utilizing public

transport: Bas rapid transit, transit mall, etc.

Application of “Bus location system”

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Curitiba (Brazil)

Transit Mall in Strasbourg (France)

Major reason of not-using public transport is “we

cannot know when it comes”

if we can know it, the bus system may become

convenient and number of users

may be increase.

“Bus Location System”

(Panasonic, NEC etc.)

◦ To equip GPS on each bus

◦ Location and waiting time for next

buses are shown at each bus stops,

on mobile phones, or through the

internet.

Real-time Information Provision

about Bus Locations

Key points for Long-Term Measures 3

3. To reallocate “origin” and “destination”

pattern

Ring-and-radial road structure is not bad in itself.

Grid road structure is basically car-oriented.

It is convenient to make terminals for public

transport.

Decentralizing the location of “origin (home)” and

“destination (work place)” may help us solve our

transport problem.

It might be useful to relocate capital function to

suburb.

Key points for Long-Term Measures 4

4. To realize Intelligent Transport System (ITS)

To manage each company’s self-motivated

product development will enable future system

integration.

Utilizing GLONASS

There has been “Real-time signal controlling

system” and other recent technologies in Japan.

There are technologies to control signals in

accordance with real traffic demand.

◦ Controlling by using vehicle detectors or pedestrian

detectors

◦ Controlling by using “Public transport priority system

(PTPS)”

Real-time Signal Controlling System

Type of vehicle detectors installed in Japan

- High-density traffic

information by

collecting speed data

from many

vehicle(Nissan, etc.)

- Real-time

information of safe

driving assistance

- Crime prevention

- Electronic Toll

Collection System

(ETC)

Usual Detailed

Be careful!Traffic jam

ahead.

Key points for Long-Term Measures 5

5. To modify drivers’ behavior

Drivers’ behavior may interfere the 100% per-

formance of new infrastructures and systems.

Some behavior actually reduces road capacity.

How to make car users select public transport?

It is necessary to make them understand the

effect of the behavior.

“Mobility Management”

“Smart Drive (Умное Вождение)”

Mobility Management

Communication-based transport policy to

promote people’s voluntary change of their

mobility to the publicly and individually

desirable way.

Utilizing psychological methods to promote

people’s voluntary behavior change

◦ Questionnaire, evaluation, advising, feed-back

Thank you for your attention!

Спасибо за внимание!