Kien Thuc Tieng Anh THPT_2

8/2/2019 Kien Thuc Tieng Anh THPT_2

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2012

Q.T.Highschool

L Giang Huynh

KIN THC TING ANH

TRUNG HC PH THNGTi liu dng n thi tt nghip, i hc, cao ng


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KIN THC TING ANH TRUNG HC PH THNG 1

MO TI. MO T BT INHA/AN:

A + danh t s t bt u bng ph mAn + danh t s t bt u bng nguyn m. (Tr nhng t pht m l phm nh University(i hc), eulogy (li ca ngi) )

S dng:

1. Trc mt danh t st m c.We need a microcomputer (Chng ti cn mt my vi tnh).He eats an ice-cream (Anh ta n mt cy kem).

2. Khi ni v tnh cch, ngh nghip hoc quc tch.He is an actor (Anh ta l mt din vin).

3. Trong cc thnh ng ch slng nht nh:A lot (nhiu); a couple (mt cp/i); a third(mt phn ba), a dozen (mt t); a hundred (mt trm); a quarter (mt phn t), a half-dozen

(na t), a half-length (bc nh chp na ngi); a half-hour (na gi).4. Dng trong cc thnh ng ch gi c, tc , t l.

$5 a kilo; 60 kilometers an hour; 4 times a day.5. Trc Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms + h khi ch mt ngi no khng quen.

A Mr. Brown called you this morning (Mt ng Brown n{o gi cho anh sng nay).

Khng s dng:

1. Trc danh t s nhiu hoc danh tkhng m c.2. Trc tn gi cc ba n, tr phi c tnh tng trc cc tn gi

They have lunch at eleven (Hdng cm tra lc 11 gi).

You gave me an appetizing dinner (Bn ~ cho ti mt ba n ti tht ngon ming).3. Tuy nhin, nu l ba n c bit nhn dp no , ngi ta vn dng mo t bt nh.

I was invited to breakfast (ba im t}m bnh thng) (Ti c mi n im tm).We were invited to a dinner given to welcome the new director (Chng ti c mi dba nti cho mng vgi|m c mi).

II. MO TXC NH THE:

Dng trc c danh tm c v khng m c, c danh t s t ln s nhiu.

S dng:

1. Khi vt th hay nhm vt th l duy nht hoc c xem l duy nht.The sun (mt tri), the sea (bin c), the world (thgii), the earth (qut)2. Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh t ny va mi c cp trc .

I saw a beggar. The beggar looked curiously at me. (Ti thy mt ngi n xin. Ngi n xin ynhn ti vi v t m).

3. Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh tny c xc nh bng mt cm t hoc mtmnh .

The girl in uniform (C gi mc ng phc).The mechanic that I met (Ngi thm|y m{ ti ~ gp).

4. Trc mt danh t ch mt vt ring bit.My father is working in the garden(Cha ti ang l{m vic trong vn) [Vn nh ti].

Please pass the dictionary (L{m n a quyn tin) [Tin trn bn].5. Trc so snh cc cp, trc first (th nht), second (th nh), only (duy nht).... khicc tny c dng nh tnh thay i t.

The first day (ng{y u tin).The best time (thi gian thun tin nht).


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2 KIN THC TING ANH TRUNG HC PH THNG

6. The + Danh t st tng trng cho mt nhm th vt hoc vt.The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (C| voi ang trong nguy c tuyt chng).The fast food has made life easier for housewives (Thc n nhanh ~ lm cho cc b ni trccuc sng dd{ng hn.

7. The c thdng Trc mt thnh vin ca mt nhm ngi nht nh.The small shopkeeper is finding business increasingly difficult (Gii ch tim nh thy vic bunb|n ng{y c{ng kh khn).

8. The + Danh t s t dng trc mt ng t st. i t l He/She/It.The first-class passenger pays more so that he enjoys some comfort(H{nh kh|ch i v hng nhttr tin nhiu hn hng tin nghi thoi mi).

9. The + Tnh ttng trng cho mt nhm ngi.The old (ngi gi), the rich and the poor (ngi gi{u v{ ngi ngho)

10. The dng Trc nhng danh t ring ch bin, sng, qun o, dy ni, tn gi snhiu ca cc nc, sa mc, min.

The Pacific (Th|i Bnh Dng),The Netherlands (H Lan), The Crimea (Vng Crim), The Alps(dy Alps)

11. The cng ng Trc nhng tn gi gm Danh t + of + danh t.

The Gulf of Mexico (Vnh Mhic).The United States of America (Hp Chng Quc Hoa K).Ngoi tr: South Africa (Nam Phi), North America (Bc M), West Germany (T}y c),mc d Thenorth of Spain (Bc Ty Ban Nha), The Middle East (Trung ng); The West (T}y Phng).12. The + h ( s nhiu) ngha l Gia nh.

The Smiths (Gia nh Smith).13. Trc tn cc nhc c khi cp n cc nhc c ni chung hoc khi chi cc nhcc .

The violin is difficult to playWho is that on the piano

14. Dng The nu n ni no khng phi v mc nh chnh.They went to the school to see their children's teacher (Hn trng gp thy ca con h[chkhng phi i hc]).The priest goes to the jail topray for the two dying prisoners (Linh m c n nh{ t cu nguyncho hai ngi t ang hp hi [chkhng phi ngi t]).

15. Dng trc danh tradio.He heard it on the radio (Anh ta nghe c vic trn rai).

Khng s dng:

1. Trc tn quc gia (ch c mt t) , tn chu lc, tn ni, tn h, tn ng.Europe (Chu u), South America (Nam M), France (Php quc), Downing Street (Ph

Downing)2. Khi danh tkhng m c hoc danh t s nhiu dng theo ngha chung nht, chkhng chring trng hp no.

I don't like French beer (Ti chng thch bia ca Php).I don't like Mondays (Ti chng thch ngy thhai).

3. Trc danh t tru tng, tr phi danh t ch mt trng hp c bit.Men fear death (Con ngi sci cht)

Nhng:The death of the President made his country acephalous (ci cht ca v tng thng ~ khin chot nc ng khng c ngi l~nh o).

4. Sau s hu tnh t (possessive adjective) hoc sau danh t s hu cch (possessivecase).

My friend, chkhng ni My the friendThe girl's mother = the mother of the girl (M ca c gi)

5. Trc tn gi cc ba n.They invited some friends to dinner (H mi v{i ngi bn n n ti).


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Nhng:The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden (Ba tic ci c tchc trong mtkhu vn xinh p).

6. Trc cc tc hiu.President Roosevelt (Tng thng Roosevelt). King Louis XIV of France (Vua Louis XIV ca Php).

7. Trong cc trng hp sau y:Women are always fond of music (Ph nlun thch m nhc).Come by car/by bus (n bng xe t/xe byt).In spring/in autumn (V{o ma xu}n/ma thu), last night (m qua), next year(nm ti), frombeginning to end (tu ti cui), from left to right (ttri sang phi).To play golf/chess/cards (chi gn/ |nh c/|nh b{i) .

8. Khng dng the trc nature khi n mang nghatnhin , thin nhinAccording to the laws of nature (Theo quy lut tnhin).They couldn't tolerate city life anymore and went back to nature (H khng chu ni i sngthnh th na v trv vi thin nhin).

S HA HP GIA CH NGV NG TI. NHNG NGUYN TC C BN:

Danh t s t (danh tkhng m c) + ng t s t.Danh t s nhiu + ng t s nhiu.

II.CC TRNG HP KHC:

1. V_ing v To_V lm ch ngth theo sau l ng t ngi th 3 s t.

2. Tt c cc danh t tp th ch thi gian, tin bc, s o, ... khi c cp n nh mtth thng nht th u c xem l mt danh t s t.Do cc ng t v i t theo sauchng phi ngi th 3 s t.

Twenty-five dollars is too much for the meal(Hai mi lm mt ba n l{ qu| mc) .Fifty minutes isnt enough time to finish this test(Mi lm pht khng ho{n th{nh b{ikim tra n{y).

3. Cc danh t ch mt nhm ngi hay t chc sau cng i vi ng t ngi th 3 s t.Congress (Hi ng), family (gia nh), group (nhm), committee (y ban), class (lp),organization (t chc), team (i), army (qu}n i), club (cu lc b), crowd (|m ng),government (chnh ph), jury (b thm o{n), majority* (a s), minority (thiu s), public(cng ng).

c bit: The majority of the + danh t s nhiu + ng t s nhiu.

4. Cc cm t nhm sau ch mt nhm ng vt hoc gia sc. Cho d sau gii t ofl

danh t s nhiu th ng t vn chia theo ngi ch ng chnh ngi th 3 s t.Flock of birds/ sheep ({n chim/ cu), school of fish ({n c|), herd of cattle ({n gia sc), prideof lions (s kiu h~nh ca s t), pack of dogs ({n ch).

5. i t bt nh theo sau l ng t s t.Anybody, anyone, anything; everybody, everyone, everything; nobody, no one, nothing; somebody,someone, something.

6. The + tnh t lun theo sau l mt ng t s nhiu.The rich are not always happy (Ngi gi{u khng phi lc n{o cng hnh phc).

7. Both + S1 + and + S2 lun theo sau l ng t s nhiu.Both John and his family like that movie (C John v{ gia nh anh y u thch b phim ).

8. The police/the sheep/the fish + ng t s nhiu.The sheep are breaking away(Bn cu ~ xng chung).The police come only to see the dead bodies and a ruin in the bank (Cnh s|t n ch thynhng x|c cht v{ mt ng hoang t{n ng}n h{ng).


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9. Ether/neither + S1 + or/nor + S2 + V + O. ng t chia theo ch ng S2.Ether Hoa or her friends know him (C Hoa v bn c y u bit anh ta).Neither his parents nor his girlfriend knows where he is (C bm v bn g|i anh ta u khngbit anh ta }u).

10.S1 + with/ toghether with/ along with/as well as/ accompanied by/ like/ unlike + S2 +V + O.ng t chia theo ch ng S1.

The actress, along with her family and some friends, is arriving tonight (Ndin vin, cng gianh v{ mt sngi bn, sn }y ti nay).

11.A couple + ng t s t.A couple is walking on the path(Mt i ang i trn ng).

The couple + ng t s nhiu.The couple are racing their horses through the meadow (Hai ngi ang ua nga bng quang c).

12.A number of =Mt s nhng ..., i vi danh t s nhiu, ng t chia s nhiu.A number of students are going to the class picnic (Mt s sinh vin s i ...).

The number of= S lng nhng ..., i vi danh t s nhiu, ng t vn ngi th 3 s t. The number of days in a week is seven. (S lng ng{y trong tun l{ 7).

CM TI. CM NG T

Mt s cm ng tthng gp:

A

Account for: chim, gii thchAllow for: tnh n, xem xt nAsk after: hi thm sc kheAsk for: hi xin ai ci gAsk sb in/ out : cho ai vo/ raAdvance in : tn tiAdvance on : trnh byAdvance to : tin nAgree on something : ng vi iu gAgree with : ng vi ai, hp vi, tt choAnswer to : hp viAnswer for : chu trch nhim vAttend on(upon): hu h

Attend to : ch BTo be over: qua riTo be up to sb to v: ai c trch nhim philm gto be made of: c lm bngto be made from: c lm ra tto be made out of: c lm bng (thin v qutrnh)to be made with: c lm vi (mt trong

nhng nguyn liu)To bear up= to confirm : xc nhnTo bear out: chu ngTo blow out : thi ttBlow down: thi

Blow over: thi quaTo break away= to run away :chy trnBreak down : hng hc, suy nhcBreak in(to+ o) : t nhp, ct ngangBreak up: chia tay , gii tnBreak off: tan v mt mi quan hTo bring about: mang n, mang li( = result in)Brinn down = to land : h xungBring out : xut bnBring up : nui dng ( danh t l up bringing)Bring off : thnh cng, m giiTo burn away : tt dnBurn out: chy triBack up : ng h, nng

Bear on : c nh hng, lin lc tiBecome of : xy ra choBegin with : bt u bngBegin at : khi s tBelieve in : tin cn, tin cBelong to : thuc vBet on : nh cuc vo

CCall for: mi gi, yu cuCall up: gi i lnh, gi in thoi, nhc li k

nimCall on/call in at sb's house : gh thm nh aiCall off = put off = cancel: hyCare for :thch, sn scCatch up with : bt kp


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Chance upon : tnh c gpClose with : ti gnClose about : vy lyCome to : ln tiConsign to : giao ph choCry for : khc iCry for something : ku iCry for the moon : mun ci khng th cCry with joy: khc v vuiCut something into : ct vt g thnhCut into : ni vo, xen voCall in/on at sbs house : gh thm nh aiCall at : gh thmCall up: gi i lnh, gi in thoi, nhc li knimCall off = put off =cacel : hu bCall for : yu cu, mi gi

Care about: quan tm, tiCare for : mun, thch ( =would like ) , quan tmchm sc ( = take care of)Carry away : mang i , phn phtCarry on = go on : tip tcCarry out: tin hnh , thc hinCarry off = bring off : m giiCatch on : tr nn ph bin , nm bt kpCatch up with = keep up with = keep pace with :theo kp ai , ci gChew over = think over : ngh kCheck in/out : lm th tc ra/voCheck up : kim tra sc khoClean out : dn sch , ly i htClean up : dn gn gngClear away : , ly i , mang iClear up : lm sng tClose down : ph sn , ng ca nh myClose in : tin tiClose up: xch li gn nhauCome over/ round = visit

Come round : hi tnhCome down: sp ( =collapse ) , gim (=reduce )Come down to : l doCome up : cp n , nh ln , nh lnCome up with : ny ra, lo lnCome up against : ng u, i mtCome out : xut bnCome out with : tung ra sn phmCome about = happenCome across : tnh c gpCome apart : v vn , a raCome along/on with : ho hp , tin trinCome into : tha kCome off : thnh cng, long ,bong raCount on SB for ST : trng cy vo ai

Cut back on/cut down on : ct gim ( chi tiu)Cut in : ct ngang (= interrupt )Cut ST out off ST : ct ci g ri khi ci gCut off : c lp , cch li , ngng phc vCut up : chia nhCross out : gch i, xo i

Ddelight in :thch th vdepart from : b, sa ido with : chu ngdo for a thing : kim ra mt vtDie away/die down : gim i , du i ( vcng )Die out/die off; tuyt chngDie for : thm gn chtDie of : cht v bnh

Do away with : bi b, bi minDo up = decorateDo with : lm c nh cDo without : lm c m khng cnDraw back : rt luiDrive at : ng , m chDrop in at SB s house: gh thm nh aiDrop off : bun ngDrop out of school : b hc

E

End up : kt thcEat up : n htEat out : n ngoi

FFace up to : ng u , i mtFall back on : trng cy , da voFall in with: m ci ( fall in love with SB : yuai say m )Fall behind : chm hn so vi dnh , rt lipha sau

Fall through : = put off, cancelFall off : gim dnFall down : tht biFell up to : cm thy sc lm Fill in : in voFill up with : yFill out : in ht , in schFill in for : i din, thay thFind out : tm ra

GGaze at sth/sb: nhn c v thch thGet through to sb : lin lc vi aiGet through : hon tt ( = accomplish ) , vtqua (= get over)Get into : i vo , ln ( xe)


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Get in: n , trng cGet off : ci b , xung xe , khi hnhGet out of = avoidGet down : i xung, ghi liGet sb down : lm ai tht vngGet down to doing : bt u nghim tc lm vicgGet to doing : bt tay vo lm vic Get round...( to doing) : xoay x , hon ttGet along/on with = come along/on withGet st across : lm cho ci c hiuGet at = drive atGet back : tr liGet up : ng dyGet ahead : vt trc aiGet away with : cum theo ci gGet over : vt qua

Get on ones nerves:lm ai pht in , chc tcaiGive away : cho i , tng i , tit l b mtGive st back : tr liGive in : b cucGive way to : nhng b, u hng( = giveoneself up to ), nhng ch cho aiGive up : t bGive out : phn pht , cn ktGive off : tora , pht ra ( mi hng , hngv)Glance at sb/sth: lic nhnGo out : i ra ngoi , li thiGo out with : hn Go through : kim tra , thc hin cng vicGo through with : kin tr bn bGo for : c gng ginh cGo in for= take part in: tham giaGo with : ph hpGo without : king nhnGo off : ni gin, n tung , thi gia ( thc n )

Go off with = give away with : cum theoGo ahead : tin lnGo back on one s word : khng gi liGo down with : mc bnhGo over: kim tra , xem xt k lngGo up : tng , i ln , vo i hcGo into ; lm voGo away : ct i , i khiGo round : chiaGo on : tip tcGrow out of : ln vt khi

Grow up: trng thnh

HHand down to = pass on to : truyn li ( cho thh sau)

Hand in : giao np ( bi , ti phm )Hand back : giao liHand over: trao tr quyn lcHand out : phn pht(= give out)Hang round : lng vngHang on = hold on = hold off : cm my (inthoi )Hang up ( off) : cp myHang out : treo ra ngoiHold on off = put offHold on: cm myHold back : kim chHold up : cn tr/trn lt

IIce over/up: b phbngIdentify with: thu hiu

Idle away: dnh thi gian lm chuyn khng uImpact on: c nh hng nImpress sth on sb: nhn mnh vi ai v tmquan trng ca ci g , gy n tng mnh viai Improve on: ci thinInform on: t tiInsist on: khngkhng, c niInterest sb in: thuyt phc ai mua/n/lm g Interfere with: gy nh hng nInvite sb along: mi i n s kin g, mi tham

gia hot ng no Invite sb in/up: mi vo phng, vo nhInvite sb out: mi i ra ngoi chi, hn hInvite sb over/round: mi n nh chiIron out: i , gii quyt vn

JJump at a chance /an opportunity chp ly chiJump at a conclusion : vi kt lunJump at an order : vi vng nhn liJump for joy : nhy ln v sung sngJump into ( out of) : nhy vo ( ra)

KKeep away from = keep off : trnh xaKeep out of : ngn cnKeep sb back from : ngn cn ai khng lm Keep sb from = stop sb fromKeep sb together : gn bKeep up : gi li , duy tr

Keep up with : theo kip aiKeep on = keep ving : c tip tc lm gKnock down = pull down : ko , sp , sanbngKnock out : h gc ai


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LLay down : ban hnh , hv khLay out : sp xp, lp dn Leave sb off = to dismiss sb: cho ai ngh vicLeave out = get rid ofLet sb down : lm ai tht vngLet sb in/out : cho ai vo/ra , phng thch aiLet sb off : tha bng cho aiLie down : nm nghLive up to: sng xng ng viLive on : sng da voLock up: kha cht aiLook after : chm scLook at ; quan stLook back on: nh li hi tngLook round : quay li nh nLook for: tm kim

Look forward to ving: mong i , mong chLook in on : gh thmLook up : tra c ( tin, sin thoi )Look into : xem xt , nghin cuLook on : ng nhn thLook out : coi chngLook out for : cnh gic viLook over : kim traLook up to : tn trngLook down on : coi thng

MMake up : trang im, ba chuynMake up ones mind: quyt nhMake out : phn bitMake up for : n b, ho gii vi aiMake the way to : tm ng nMix out :trn ln , ln xnMiss out : b lMove away: bi, ra iMove out : chuyn iMove in: chuyn n

OOrder SB about ST: sai ai lm gOwe st to sb : c c nh ai

P

Pass away = to die : chtPass by = go past : i ngang qua , tri quaPass on to = hand down to : truyn liPass out = to faint : ngtPay attention to: ch nPay sb back : tr n aiPay up the dept : tr ht n nnPersist in: c chpPoint out : ch raPull back : rt lui

Pull down = to knock down : ko , san bngPull in to :vo( nh ga )Pull st out : ly ci g raPull over at : xePut st aside : ct i , dnhPut st away : ct iPut through to sb : lin lc vi aiPut down : h xungPut down to : l do caPut on : mc vo ; tng cnPut up : dng ln , tng giPut up with : tha th, chu ngPut up for : xin ai ng nhPut out : dp ttPut st/ sb out : a ai/ci g ra ngoiPut off : tr hon

RRun after : truy uiRun away/ off from : chy trnRun out (of) : cn kitRun over : chtRun back : quay tr liRun down : ct gim , ngng phc vRun into : tnh c gp , m x , lm voRing after : gi li sauRing off : tt my ( in thoi )

SSave up : ginhSee about = see to : quan tm , See sb off : tm bitSee sb though : nhn ra bn cht ca aiSee over = go over: xem liSend for: yu cu , mi giSend to :a ai vo ( bnh vin , nh t )Send back : tr liSet out/off : khi hnh , bt uSet in: bt u ( dng cho thi tit)Set up :dng lnSetsb back: ngn cn aiSettle down : an c lp nghipShow off: khoe khoang , khoc lcShow up :n tiShop round : mua bn loanh quanhShut down : sp tim , ph snShut up : ngm ming liSit round : ngi nhn riSit up for : ch ai cho ti tn khuya

Slown down : chm liStand by: ng h aiStand out : ni btStand for : i din, vit tt ca, khoan dungStand in for : th ch ca ai


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Stare at sb/sth: nhn chm chmStay away from : trnh xaStay behind: liStay up :i ng munStay on at: li trng hc thm

T

Take away from : ly i, lm ngui iTake a pitty on: thng cmTake after : ging ai nh cTake sb/st back to : em tr liTake down : ly xungMistake sb for sb else : nhm ai vi aiTake in : la gt ai , hiuTake on : tuyn thm , ly thm ngiTake off : ct cnh , ci tho b ci gTake offence: tht lng

Take over : ginh quyn kim sotTake up : m nhn, chim gi ( khng gian ),bt u lm ( thnh th tiu khin)Take to : yu thchTalk sb into st : thuyt phc aiTalk sb out of : cn tr aiThrow away : nm i , vt hn iThrow out; vt i, tng c aiTie down : rng bucTie in with : buc chtTie sb out = wear sb out = exhaust sb

Tell off : mng mTry on: th ( qun o )Try out : th...( my mc )Turn away= turn down : ;t chiTurn into : chuyn thnhTurn out; sx , ho ra lTurn on/off: m, ttTurn up/down : vn to , nh( m lng )Turn up: xut hn , n tiTurn in: i ng

U

urge sb into/out of : thuyt phc ai lmg/khng lm gUse up : s dng ht ,cn kit

WWait for : iWait up for; i ai n tn khuyaWatch out /over= look outWatch out for : = look out forWear off : mt tc dng , bin mt , nht dnWear sb out = exhaust sb: lm ai kit scWork off : loi bWork out; tm ra cach gii quytWork up : lm khuy ngWipe out ; hu dit/exhaust sbWrite down : vit vo

II. DANH TI KM GII T

Mt s danh ti km gii tthng gp:

A

Access to sthAdditon to sthAdmiration for sb/sthAdvantage of sthAdvice on sthAlternative to sthAnswer to sthAnxiety about sthAssociation with sthAttack on sbAttitude to/towards sthAuthority on sth

BBasis for sthBelief in sth

(Put the) blame on sb

C(take) care of sb/sthCause of sth

Characteristic of sthChoice between sth and sth /of sthComparison between sth andsthConfidence in sbContract with sb/sthCredit for sthCruelty to/towards sb/sthCure for sth

DDamage to sthDecrease in sthDedication to sthDefinition of sthDelay in sth

Devotion to sthDifficulty in sthDisadvantage if sthDiscussion about/on sth

E

(put) effort into sthEmphasis on sthExample of sthException to sthExcuse for sthExperience in sthExpert on/at/in sth

FFear of sthFoudness for sth

GGenerosity to/towards sb

H

Habit of sthHope for sth

IIdea of sth


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Impact on sthImprovement in sthIncrease in sthInfluence on sb/sthInformation about sth(have no) intention of sthInterest in sthInvitation to sth

KKey to sthKnowledge of sth

LLack of sthLink with sb/sthLove of sth

MMatter with sthMemory of sth

NNeed for sth(Take) (no) notice of sth

OObjection to sthOpinion of sth

P(Take) pleasure in sth(Have a) preference for sth(Take) pride in sb/sthProcess of sthProtection from sth

QQuarrell with sb /about sth

RReaction to sthReason for sth

Recipe for sth(Keep a) record of sthReduction in sth(In/ with) reference to sthRegret for sthRelationship with sbReport on sthReputation for/of sthResearch on/into sthRespect for sbResponsibility for sth

Result of sthRise in sth(make) room for sth

SSearch for sth(be in) search of sthSmell ofSolution to sthSpecialist in sthStory about sb/sthSympathy for sb

TTax on sthTalent for sth

(Have) taste in sthThreat to sb/sthTrouble with sth

UUnderstanding of sth(Make) use of sth

VVictim of sb/sth

III. TNH TI KM GII T

Mt s tnh ti km gii tthng gp:

AAccompanied by sbAccustomed to sthAcquainted with sb/sthAddicted to sthAdequate for sthAfraid if sb/sthAmazed at/by sb/sthAmused at/with sthAngry with sb about sthAngry with sb for doing sthAnnoyed with sb about sthAnxious about sthAshamed of sb/sthAstonished at/by sthAware od sth

BBad at sthBored with sthBusy with sth

CCapable of sthCareful of doing sthCareless about doing sthCertain of sthCharacteristic of sthClever at sthClose to sthConscious of sthContent with sthCovered in/with sthCrazy about sthCrowed with sthCruel to sbCurious about sb/sth

D

Deficient in sthDelighted with sthDependent on sb/sthDifferent from sb/sth

Disappointed with sb/ aboutsthDiscouraged from sthDisgusted by/at sthDisqualified from sthDoubtful about sthDressed in sthEEager for sthEfficient at sthEngaged to sb/ in sthEnthusiastic about sthEnvious of sbEqual to sbExcellent at sthExcited about sthExperienced in sth

FFaithful to sbFamiliar to sb / with sthFamous for sth


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Fond of sthFortunate in sthFriendly with/to sbFrightened of sthFull of sthFurious with sb about sth / atsth

GGood at sthGrateful to sb for sthGuilty of sth

HHappy about/with sthHarmful to sb/sthHopeless at sth

IIndentical to sthIgnorant of/about sthImpressed by/with sthIncapable of sthIndependent of sb/sthIndifferent to sbInferior to sbIntelligent at sthIntent on sthIrriated by

JJealous of sb

KKeen on thKind to sb

MMarried to sb

NNecessary for sthNervous about sthNice to sbNotorious for doing sth

O

Obedient to sb

PPatient with sbPleasant to sbPleased with sb/sth

Polite to sbPopular with sbProud of sb/sth

QQualified for sthQuick at sth

RReady for sthRelevant too sthRespected for sthResponsible for sthRich in sthRude to sb

SSafe from sthSame as sb/sth

Satisfied with/by sthScared of sthSensible of sthSensitive to sbSerious about sthShocked at/by sthShort of sthShy of sthSick of sthSimilar to sbSkilful at sthSkilled at sthSlow in sthSorry about sth(fell) sorry for sbSufficient for sb/sthSuperior to sb

Sure of/about sthSurprised at/by sthSurrounded by sthSuspicious of sthSympathetic to/towards sb

T

Terrified of sthTired of/from sthTypical of sb

UUnaware of sthUpset about sthUsed to sth

WWeak in/at sthWrong about sth

IV. CM GII TMt s cm gii t thng dng:

ALLAll along: ngay tuAll of a sudden = all at once: thnh lnh

ATAt the age of: tuiAt any rate/cost: bt k gi noAt disadvantage: gp bt liAt fault: sai lmAt present: hin ti, by giAt times:thnh thongAt heart: vc bn, quan tm nhtAt risk: ang gp nguy himAt first sight: ngay tci nhn u tinAt first: u tin

At ease: th ginAt a glance: lic nhnAt last: cui cngAt the end of: on cuiAt least: ti thiuAt a loss: thua lAt a profit: c liAt sea: ngoi binAt once: ngay lp tcAt war:ang c chin tranhAt work: ang lm vic


12/45


ASAs often as not = more often than not: huht mi trng hpAs usual: thng thng

BYBy accident = by chance = by mistake: tnh cBy air: bng ng khngBy far:cho n tn by giBy name: c tn lBy oneself:mt mnhBy the way:nhn tin yBy heart:hc thuc lngBy surprise: mt cch kinh ngcBy cheque: bng ngn phiuBy coincidence: ngu nhin

FORFor fear of: lo s vFor life:c cuc iFor the foreseeable future: mttng lai cthon trcFor instance = for example: chng hnFor sale: by bnFor a while: mt chc, mt ltFor the moment: tm thiFor the time being: tm thiFor ages: lu ri= for a long timeFor ever = for good: mi miFor a change: thay i

FROMFrom now then on: k t ngy by gi triFrom time to time: thnh thongFrom memory: theo tr nhFrom bad to worse: ngy cng ti tFrom what I can gather: theo nhng g ti bit

INIn addition (to): ngoi ra, thm vo.In advance (of): trcIn agreement (with): ng viIn conclusion: kt lunIn comparison with: so viIn all likelihood/probability :c khnngIn common:c im chungIn detail: c thIn general: ni chung

In charge of: chu trch nhimIn dispute with sb/st:trong tnh trng tranhchp viIn the end: cui cngIn favour of: ng h

In fact: tht sIn fear of doing st: lo siu gIn (good/ bad) condition: trong iu kin tthoc xuIn a hurry/rush: ang viIn a moment: mt lt naIn pain: ang bauIn the past: trc yIn the hope of: vi hi vngIn practice: ang tin hnhIn particular: c bitIn public: trc cng chngIn short: tm liIn trouble with: gp rc ri vIn time: va kp giIn turn: ln ltIn silence: trong syn tnh

In recognition of: c cng nhnIn no time at all = in next to no time: sm thi

ONOn air: ln sng, rt vuiOn average: tnh trung bnhOn behalf of: thay mt choOn board:trn tuOn business: ang cng tcOn duty: trc nhtOn foot: bng chnOn fire: ang chyOn the contrary to: tng phn viOn one's own: mt mnhOn loan: i vay mnOn the market: ang c bn trn thtrngOn the phone:ang ni chuyn in thoiOn strike: nh cngOn time: ng giOn the verge of: ang ng bn b/ sp saOn the whole: ni chung

On a diet: ang n kingOn purpose: c tnhOn the other hand: mt khcOn trial: trc nghim

OUT OFOut of breath: th hn hnOut of control: ngoi tm kim sotOut of character: xa l vi tinh cch thngngyOut of doors: ngoi triOut of date: li thiOut of focus: l mOut of luck: khng may mnOut of order: h hng( my mc)Out of the ordinary: khng bnh thng


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Out of practice: khnh thc hin cOut of place: khng ng chOut of print: khng in nOut of the question: khng th thc hinOut of reach: ngoi tm tayOut of sight, out of mind: xa mt cch lngOut of season: ht maOut of work: b tht nghipOut of tune: ht sai ging

UNDERUnder age: cha n tuiUnder arrest: b btUnder no circumstance: trong bt k trnghp no cng khngUnder control: b kim sotUnder the impression: c cm tng rng

Under cover of: i lt, gi danhUnder guarantee: c bo hnhUnder pressure: chu p lcUnder discussion: ang c tho lunUnder an (no) obligation to do : c (khng) cbn phn lm g

Under repair: ang c sa chaUnder suspicion:ang nghi ngUnder stress:biu khin bi aiUnder one's thumb: chu nh hng bi aiUnder the influence of: di nh hng caUnder the law:theo php lut

WITHOUTWithout a chance:khng c c hiWithout a break:khng c nghngiWithout doubt:khng nghi ngWithout delay: khng trm tr, khng tr honWithout exception: khng c ngoi lWithout fail: khng tht biWithout success: khng thnh cngWithout a word: khng mt liWithout warning: khng c cnh bo

WITHWith the exception of: ngoi trWith intent to : c tnhWith regard to: cp tiWith a view to + Ving : vi mc ch lm g

T D NHM LN

ALMOST/MOSTAlmost (adv.): gn nhMost (adj.): hu ht (Most + noun)Most of + pronoun/determinerThe most dng trong so snh nhtMost (adv.): rt

RATHER/QUITEQuite (adv.): kh (dng trong li khen)Quite=Rather (adv.): kh (dng trong li nhnxt tiu cc)Rather (adv.) dng trong so snh hn

Quite = completely (adv.): hon ton

LIKE/ALIKE/ASLike (prep.) + noun/pronoun: ging nhAs (prep.) + clause/preposition clause: bng,nhAs + noun/pronoun: vi t cch, nh lmt(ch vai tr)As + adj + as : dng trong so snh bngAlike (adj.): ging nhau (c bit khng ngtrc danh t)

EQUALLY/SIMILARLY/THE SAME/ ALIKEEqually: ngang bng, tng ngSimilarly: tng t, ging nhauThe same: theo cch ging nhau, nh nhau

Alike: nh nhau

AFTER/AFTERWARDSAfter (prep.): sau; after (conj.) + clause: saukhiAfterwards (adv.): sau

DOUBLE/TWICEDouble (det.): gp i = twice as many / twiceas muchPERCENT/PERCENTAGEPercent (n.): phn trm

Percentage (n.) t l phn trmLIVE/ALIVEAlive (adj.): cn sng (khng ng trc danht)Live (adv.): trc tip.

NEAR/NEARLYNear (prep.): gnNearly (adv.): gn nh

BESIDE/BESIDESBeside (prep.): bn cnhBesides (prep./adv.): ngoi ra, hn na


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HUNG/HANGEDHang (hung/hung): mc, treoHang (hanged/hanged): treo c

RAISE/RISE/ARISE/AROUSERise (v.) [ni ng t]: mc, tng lnArise (v.) [ni ng t]: xut hin, ny sinhRaise sth (v.) [ngoi ng t]: tng, nng ci glnArouse sb/sth (v.) [ngoi ng t]: nh thc,khi dy

GO (GET)Dng cho nhng thay i v tnh cch, ngoihnh, c thDng cho cc thay i t ngt (thng l ccthay i xu)

TURN (GET)Thng dng cho mu sc

GET/BECOMEGet v become u c th thay th cho nhaukhi i vi cc tnh tnh: angry, bored,excited, depressed, upset, impatient Tuynhin become mang tnh cht trang trng hn,ph hp vi vn vit.Tuy nhin, ch dng become cho cc tnh tnh: extinct, (un)popular, homeless, famous.

VIEWER/SPECTATOR/AUDIENCE/OBSERVERViewer: ngi xem chng trnh TVSpectator: ngi xem s kin (c bit l skin th thao)Audience: khn gi (xem phim hay biu dinvn ngh)Observer: quan st vin

INTERVAL/PAUSE/INTERRUPTIONInterval : thi gian ngh (gia cc phn ca bphim, kch)Pause : s dng liInterruption : s lm gin on

MAKE/BRAND/NAME/LABLEMake : nhn hiu (ni sn xut, dng cho xe cv my mc)Brand : nhn hiu hng haName : tn

Label: nhn hiu

CUSTOMER/CLIENT/WAITER/GUESTCustomer: khch hng (mua hng ha, dch v)

Client: khch hng (tr tin cho cc dch vchuyn nghip nh bc s, lut s)Waiter: bi bnGuest: khch mi (n nh hoc n nh hngm bn l ngi tr tin)

SHADE/SHADOW

Shade: bng rmShadow: bng, hnh phn chiu; beyondany/the shadow of doubt: khng cht nghi ng

AFFECT/EFFECTAffect (v.) sb/sth: nh hng nEffect (n.) snh hng

STABLE/STEADYSteady (adj.): n nh, c th tin cy c, lu

diStable (adj.): khng thay i, khng c khnng xu i mt cch t ngt

CLASSIC/CLASSICALClassic (adj.): kinh in, in hnhClassical (adj.): cin

CHILDISH/CHILDLIKEChildish: ngc nghch, kh di (ngha tiu cc)Childlike: ngy th, hn nhin (ngha tch cc)

ECONOMIC/ECONOMICALEconomic: thuc v kinh tEconomical: c tnh cht tit kim

ELECTRIC/ELECTRICALElectric dng vi loi in t c thElectrical dng vi danh t chung

HISTORIC/HISTORICAL

Historic: dng vi cc a danh, di tch lch s;mang ngha lch sHistorical: lin quan n lch s, tn ti tronglch s

VARIABLE/VARIOUSVariable: bin i, dthay iVarious: a dng, nhiu loi

CONTINUOUS/CONTINUALContinuous: lin tc, khng ngngContinual: lp i lp li

IMAGINARY/IMAGINATIVEImaginary: khng tht, do tng tngImaginative: giu tr tng tng


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MAGIC/MAGICALMagic (adj.): ma thut

Magical (adj.): tuyt vi

TIN T - HU TI. TIN T

Mt s tin tthng gp

Tin t Ngha V d Tin t Ngha V dA- Khng Amoral Ante- Trc AntecedentAnti- Chng li Antivirus Arch- ng u Archangel

Auto-Tng, tmnh

Autobiography Bi- Hai Bipartian

Bio- V sinh hc Biodiversity Circum- Trn CircumferenceCo- Cng nhau Co-operation Contra- Tri ngc ContradictionDe- Lm tri li Demystify Demi- Bn, na DemigodDi- Hai Dialouge Dis- Tri ngc Disagree

Du-/Duo- Hai Duolouge Eco- Thuc sinhthi hc Eco-tourism

Euro-Thuc v Chuu

Eurodollar Ex-Trc yRa khi

Ex-wifeExtract

Fore- Pha trc Forerunner Hyper- Rt ln Hypermarket

In-Khng, tri liVo, vo trong

IndependentInsert

Inter- Gia, lin Inter-state

Intra- Bn trong Intravenous Mega- Rt to MegastarMid- Gia Midlife Mini- Nh MinimarketMono- Mt Monogamy Multi- Nhiu Multi-playerNeo- Mi Neolithic Non- Khng, tri vi Non-partisanOut- Ngoi Outreach Over- Qu OverreachPoly- Nhiu Polymath Post- Sau Post-election

Pre- Trc Pre-election Re- Lp liTr li

RerunReverse

Self- T mnh Self-sufficient Super- Siu, hn bnhthng Superman

Sur- Hn c Surreal Trans- Vt qua Trans-SiberiaTele- Xa Telephone Tri- Ba Tripartie

Ultra- Qu, cc Ultraviolet Un- Tri li, khng

o ngc liUnnecessaryUntie

Under- Di mc Underachive Uni- Duy nht UnitaryVice- Ph Vice-president

II. HU T

Mt s hu tthng gp

Hu tng t:-ify-ize/-ise

Hu tTrng t-ly-ward(s)-wise


16/45


Hu tTnh t-able/-ible-al/-ial-ate-ed-esque-ful-ic-ical-ish-ive-less-like

-ous-y

Hu tDanh t-age-ant/ent-ation/-ion-dom-ee-eer-er-ery-ess

-ette-hood-ing-ism-ist-ity-ment-ness-ocracy-or-ship-ster

DNG NG TTa bit, ng t ting anh c chia theo th , tu vo ng cnh ca tng cu. ng t mt khikhng chia theo th (tense) th s mang 1 trong 4 dng sau y :

- bare inf (ng t nguyn mu khng c to )

- to_inf ( ng t nguyn mu c to )

- V_ing (ng t thm _ing )

- Participle ( ng t dng phn t )

I. BARE INFINITIVE

ng t nguyn mu khng to c dng trong cc trng hp sau:

1. Sau cc ng t khim khuyt:can, could, will,shall, would, may, might, ought to, mustI must leave now (Ti phi i b}y gi).

2. Sau cc ng tnh:see, notice, observe, watch, find, catch, hear, listen to, feelmang nghabt gp, nhn thy cm thyai lm g (trn vn).

I heard them talk about Marria. (Ti nghe h ni v Marria)

3. Sau make, have (chng), let, helpmang ngha lm cho, bo, cho, gip cho ai lmg . (xem thm phn cu cu khin)

I have him repair my bycicle (Ti nhanh y sa xe p).

4. Sau cc cm t nh: had better, would like to, needn't, would rather, would sooner, besupposed to

I would rather stay home than go with you to that stupid place. (Ti th nh{ cn hn i vianh n ci chngu ngc ).

5. Sau cc cu trc:Why/ why not?, Do + anything/ everything/ nothing + but + V_bare.I do nothing but listen to music (Ti chng lm g ngoi nghe nhc).

II. To_INFINITIVE

ng t nguyn mu c to c dng trong cc trng hp sau:

1. Ch mc ch.You should take a few days off to recover (Anh cn nghv{i ng{y ly li sc)

2. Sau cc cm tnh: would like, would love, would preferI would love to dance with you (Ti mun c nhy cng bn)

3. Sau nhng cu trc nh:too/enough + adj + to_inf it + be + adj + to_inf


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so + adj + as + to_inf for + noun/pronoun + to_infbe + the first/secondnext/last/best + to_infit takes + time + to_infto be likely + to_inf

She is too tired to cook (C y qu mt mi khng thnu n c).

4. Trong cc li ni nh:To tell you the truth, to begin with, to be honest,

To be honest, I dont know how to react. (Tht tnh ti chng bit phn ng sao).5. Sau Only din t s khng hi lng.

He won in the lottery only to lose at the casino. (Anh ta trng s cht ht vo sng bc).

6. Sau nhng ng tnh:afford, appear, ask, bear, begin, choose, decide, expect, forget, hate,hesitate, intend, like, manage, neglect, prefer, pretend, propose, regret, seem, swear, try, wish, agree,arrange, attempt, beg, care, consent, determine, fail, happend, help, hope, learn, love, mean, offer,prepare, promise, refuse, remember, start, trouble, want

7. Sau tn ng ca nhng ng tnh:advise, ask, be, command, encourage, forbid, get, help,intend, leave, mean, oblige, permit, prefer, recommend, remind, tell, allow, bear, cause, compel,

expect, force, hate, instruct, invite, like, need, order, persuade, press, request, teach, tempt, trouble,warn, want, wish

8. Sau nhng t hi WH_/H_: what to do, where to go, how to get

9. Ch : Nu c n hai ng t nguyn mu c to c ni vi nhau bng and hocor,th to ca ng t th hai c thc lc b.

I love to dance and sing (Ti yu khiu v v{ ca h|t).

III. V_ING

ng tthm _ing c dng trong cc trng hp sau:

1. Lm ch ngSmoking is banned (Ht thuc b cm).

2. Sau gii tHe became rich by working for a foreign company. ( Anh ta giu ln nh lm vic cho mt cngty nc ngoi).

3. Sau cc ng tnh:see, notice, observe, watch, find, catch, hear, listen to, feel mang nghabt gp, nhn thy cm thyai ang lm g (khng trn vn).

I heard her singing at the time I came home. (Lc v nh ti nghe c y ang h|t).

4. Sau cc cm tnh:be busy, feel like, its no use, its no good, its (not) worth, whats the use of,cant help, theres no point (in), theres no chance of, cant stand, can't resist, have difficulty (in), inaddition to, as well as, have trouble, have a hard/difficult time, look forward to, be/get used to,be/get accustomed to

Theres no point in arguing. ( Tranh c~i cng khng ch g).

5. Sau nhng ng tnh:admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, confess, consider,deny, delay, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, invlolve, justify,keep on, leave off, mention, mind, miss, prefer, practise, prevent, permit, postpone, quit, recommend,resent, resist, resume, risk, save, tolerate, suggest, recollect, stop, pardon, understand

6. Ch :Prefercng c th dng vi to_inf: Prefer + to_inf + rather than + bare_inf.

Mindcng c thi vi if-clause.IV. PARTICIPLES

ng t dng phn tc dng trong cc trng hp sau:

1. Nh mt tnh t.


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2. Th hin cm xc ca con ngiI was bored by the film. ( Ti pht chn vi b phim).

3. S dng trong th, th bng (xem thm cu cu khin)

CU IU KINI. MY LU VCU IU KIN

Cu iu kin gm c hai phn: Mt phn nu ln iu kin v mt phn cn li nu ln kt qu hayc gi l mnh chiu kin v mnh ch kt qu.

If it rains, I will stay at home.You will pass the exam if you work hard.

Hai mnh trong cu iu kin c thi chc cho nhauYou will pass the exam if you work hard.

II. CC LOI CU IU KIN

1. Type 1: iu kin c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.

If + S + Simple Present, S + will/ Simple Present/ modal Verb.If I have enough money, I will buy a new car.

If + S + Simple Past, S+ Simple Past.We went home early if it was foggy.

2. Type 2: iu kin khng th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai -c mun hin ti.(Nhng thc tkhng th xy ra c).

If + S + Simple Past ( Past subjunctive), S + would + VIf I had millions of US dollars now, I would give you a half. (Nu giti c hng mt triu -la,

ti scho bn mt na.)If I were the president, I would build more hospitals.

Ch : cu iu kin loi 2 (Type 2), trong v "IF", to be ca cc ngi chia ging nhau v l t"were", ch khng phi "was".

3. Type 3: iu kin khng th xy ra trong qu kh - mang tnh c mun trong qu kh.(nhng thc tkhng th xy ra c).

If + S + Past Perfect, S + would have + Past ParticipleIf they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa. (Nu h~ c tin, h smua bit th.)

If we had found him earlier, we might/could saved his life.4. Type 4: Cu iu kin Hn hp:Trong ting Anh c nhiu cch khc nhau c dng din tiu kin trong mnh chiukin vi "If". Ngoi 3 loi chnh nu trn, mt s loi sau cng c s dng trong giao tip vngn ng vit:

Type 3 + Type 2:If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now. (He is not a student now)

Cu iu kin dng o.

Trong ting Anh cu iu kin loi 2/3, Type 2 v Type 3 thng c dng dng o.Were I the president, I would build more hospitals.Had I taken his advice, I would be rich now.

III. MT S CCH NI DIN T CU IU KIN

1. When:


19/45


When you depress this button, you will hear his voice.

2. Suppose/supposing:Suppose the news is true.

3. Provided (that)/providing (that):Ill accept your invitation provided you go with me.

4. Assuming:Assuming we have good weather, we shall be there by dusk.

5. Without:Without his book, he would know nothing.

6. On condition that:I shall go on condition that you go with me.

7. Mnh lnh cch + and:Do that again and Ill call a policeman!If you do that again, Ill call a policeman.

8. Unless + positive = if ... not: Trphi, nu khng.You will be late unless you start at once.

9. But for that + unreal condition: Nu khng th

Mnh sau n phi li mt th.

-Hin tiMy father pays my fee, but for that I couldn't be here.

-Qu khMy car broke down, but for that we would have been here in time.

10. Otherwise + real condition: Ko, nu khng th.

We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out.

11. Otherwise + unreal condition: Ko, nu khng th.

Sau n phi l iu kin khng th thc hin c, mnh sau n li mt th.

+ Hin tiHer father supports her finance otherwise she couldn't conduct these experiments (But she canwith her father's support).

+ Qu kh:I used a computer, otherwise I would have taken longer with these calculations (But he didn't

take any longer).*Lu :Trong ting Anh thng tc (colloquial English) ngi ta dngor else thay thcho otherwise.

IV. CCH S DNG IF V WILL, WOULD, COULD, SHOULD TRONG MT STRNGHP KHC

Thng thng cc trng tny khng c s dng vi if trong mnh iu kin ca cu iukin, tuy nhin vn c mt s ngoi lnh sau:

1. If you (will/would): Nu ..... vui lng. Thng c dng trong cc yu cu lch s. Would lch

shn will.If you will/would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr Conner is here.

2. If + Subject + Will/Would: Nu ..... chu. din t t nguyn.If he will listen to me, I can help him.

Will cn c dng theo mu cu ny din t s ngoan c: Nu ..... nht nh, Nu ..... c.


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If you will turn on the music loudly so late tonight, no wonder why your neighbours complain.

3. If you could: Xin vui lng. Din t lch s 1 yu cu m ngi ni cho rng ngi kia sng nh l mt lng nhin.

If you could open your book, please.

4. If + Subject + should + ..... + command: V phng nh. Din t mt tnh hung d c th xyra c song rt kh.

If you should find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me.

C tho shouldln trn ch ng v bifShould you find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me.

V. CCH S DNG IF TRONG MT STRNG HP KHC

1. If... then: Nu... thIf she cant come to us, then we will have to go andsee her.

2. If dng trong dng cu suy din logic (khng phi cu iu kin): ng t cc mnh din bin bnh thng theo thi gian ca chnh n.

If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice.3. If... should = If... happen to... = If... should happen to... din t s khng chc chn (Xem thmphn s dng should trn)

If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs. (Ng nhm anhc tnh cgh qua chc lmua cho em t trng)

4. If.. was/were to... Din t iu kin khng c tht hoc tng tng. N gn ging cu iukin khng c tht hin ti.

If our boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble.

Hoc c th din t mt lch skhi a ra nghIf you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down. (Nu anh vui lng dch ghca anh ramt cht th chng ta c thcng ngi c).

Note: Cu trc ny tuyt i khng c dng vi cc ng ttnh ti hoc ch trng thi t duyCorrect: If I knew her name, I would tell you.Incorrect: If I was/were to know...

5. If it + to be + not + for = But for: Nu khng v, nu khng nh vo.

Th hin ti:If it wasnt/werent for the children, that couple wouldnt have any thing to talk about. (Nukhng v nhng a con th vchng nh y ch c chuyn g m ni)

Th qu kh:If it hadnt been for your help, I dont know what to do. (Nu khng nhvo sgip ca anhth ti cng khng bit phi l{m g }y).

C tho li:Had it not been for your help, I dont know what to to.

6. Noti khi c thm vo nhng ng t sau if by t s nghi ng, khng chc chn. (Cnn ... Hay khng ...)

I wonder if we shouldnt ask the doctor to look at Mary.

7. It would... if + subject + would... (s l... nu khng c dng trong vn vit)It would be better if they would tell every body in advance. (Sl tt hn nu h kcho mi

ngi ttrc).8. If...d have...d have: Dng trong vn ni, khng dng trong vn vit, din t iu kin khngth xy ra qu kh


21/45


If Id have known, Id have told you.If shed have recognized him it would have been funny.

9. If + preposition + noun/verb... (subject + be blc b)If in doubt, ask for help. (= If you are in doubt, ...)

10. If dng vi mt s tnh any/anything/ever/not din t phnhIm not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised. (Ti khng gin d}u. M{ c chng ti cmthy hi ngc nhin)

Cch ni ny cn din t kin m th: Nu c...Id say he was more like a father, if anything. (Ti xin ni rng ng y cn hn c mt ngi cha,nu c thni th.)

12. If + Adjective = although (cho d l)

Ngha khng mnh bng although - Dng din t quan im ring hoc vn g khngquan trng.

His style, if simple, is pleasant to read. (Vn phong ca ng ta, cho d l{ n gin, th c cngth)

Cu trc ny c th thay bng may..., butHis style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read.

13. If only + S + simple present/will + verb = hope that: hi vng rngIf only he comes in time.If only he will learn harder for the test next month.

14. If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that (Cu kkhng thc = gi m)If only he came in time now.If only she had studied harder for that test

15. If only + S + would + V:

Din t mt hnh ng khng th xy ra hin tiIf only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drove more slowly.

Din t mt c mun v vng v tng laiIf only it would stop raining.

CU CU KHIN1. To have sb do sth = to get sb to do sth = Sai ai, khi n ai, bo ai lm g

Illget Peter to fix my car.

2. To have/to get sth done = lm mt vic g bng cch thu ngi khcI have my hair cut. (Ti i ct tc - chkhng phi ti tct)

3. To make sb do sth = to force sb to do sth = B t buc ai phi lm gThe bank robbers made the manager give them all the money.

ng sau tn ng ca make cn c th dng 1 tnh t: To make sb/sth + adjWearing flowers made her more beautiful.

4. To make sb + P2 = lm cho ai b lm saoWorking all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday.

5. To cause sth + P2 = lm cho ci g b lm sao

The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged.Nu tn ng ca make l mt ng t nguyn th th phi titgia make v tnh t, t ng tra pha ng sau: make it + adj + V as object.

The wire service made it possible to collect and distribute news faster and cheaper.


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Tuy nhin nu tn ng ca make l 1 danh t hay 1 ng danh tth khng ctitgia make v tnh t: Make + adj + noun/ noun phrase.

The wire service made possible much speedier collection and distribution of news.

6. To let sb do sth = to permit/allow sb to do sth = cho ai, cho php ai lm gI let me go.

7. To help sb to do sth/do sth = Gip ai lm gPlease help me to throw this table away.

Nu tn ng ca help l mt i tv nhn xng mang ngha ngi ta th khng cn phi nhcn tn ng v b lun cto ca ng tng sau.

This wonder drug will help (people to) recover more quickly.

Nu tn ng ca help v tn ng ca ng t sau n trng hp vi nhau, ngi ta s b tn ngsau help v b lun cto ca ng tng sau.

The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation.

O NG

Trong mt strng hp cc trng tkhng ng vtr bnh thng ca n m o ln ng u cu nhm nhn mnh vo hnh ng ca ch ng. Trong trng hp ng php sthay i,ng sau trng tng u cu l trng t ri mi n ch ngv ng t chnh:

1. Hardly/Rarely/Seldom/Never/Only + Trng t + S + V:

Never have so many people been unemployed as today. (So many people have never beenunemployed as today)Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands. (He had hardly fallenasleep when he began to dream of far-way lands.)

2. Mt s cc trng tc bit khc cng thng ng u cu, phi o cu trc cu

nh trn:In/ Under no circumstances: D trong bt c hon cnh no cng khng.

Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.

On no account: D bt cl do g cng khngOn no accout must this switch be touched.

Only in this way: Ch bng cch nyOnly in this way could the problem be solved

In no way: Khng sao c thIn no way could I agree with you.

By no means: Hon ton khngBy no means does he intend to criticize your idea.

Negative ..., nor + auxiliary + S + VHe had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow.

3. Khi mt mnh mu bng cc thnh ng chni chn hoc trt tth ng t chnhc th o ln ch ngnhng tuyt i khng c s dng trng t trong trnghp ny.Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary)

In front of the museum is a statue.

First came the ambulance, then came the police. ( Thot u l xe cu thng chy n, tip saul cnh st.)

4. Khi mt ng gii t lm trng t cha im hoc phng hng ng u cu, ccni ng tt ln trc ch ngnhng tuyt i khng c s dng trng t trong


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loi cu ny. N rt ph bin trong vn m t khi mun din t mt ch ng khng xcnh:

Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.Directly in front of them stood a great castle.On the grass sat an enormous frog.Along the road came a strange procession.

5. Tnh tcng c tho ln trn u cu nhn mnh v sau l lin tnhng tuyti khng c s dng trng t.So determined was she to take the university course that she taught school and gave musiclesson for her tuition fees.

6. Trong mt strng hp ngi ta cng c tho ton bng t chnh ln trn chng nhn mnh, nhng ng tc o ln trn trong trng hp ny phn ln umang sc thi bng nhng hon ton khng c ngha bng.

Lost, however, are the secrets of the Mayan astronomers and the Inca builders as well as manymedicinal practices. (Mt i vnh vin, tuy vy, li l nhng b mt ca nhng nh{ thin vnthuc nn vn minh Mayan, ...)

7. Cc trng t away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up... c th theo sau l mtng t chuyn ng v sau l mt danh t lm ch ng:

-Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up...+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject.Away went the runners/ Down fell a dozen of apples...

-Nhng nu mt i tnhn xng lm ch ngth ng t phi sau ch ng:Away they went/ Round and round it flew.

-Trong ting Anh vit (written English) cc ng gii t m u bng cc gii t down,from, in, on, over, out of, round, up... c th c theo sau ngay bi ng t ch v tr(crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand...) hoc cc dng ng t ch chuyn ng, cc ng tnh be

born/ die/ live v mt s dng ng t khc.From the rafters hung strings of onions.In the doorway stood a man with a gun.On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot.Over the wall came a shower of stones.

Lu : 3 v du ca cc v d trn c th din t bng mt VERB-ING mu cho cu vng tBE o ln trn ch ng:

Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion.Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun.Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.

8. Hin tng ny cn xy ra khi ch ng sau cc trng t so snh as/than qu di:She was very religious, as were most of her friends.City dwellers have a higher death rate than do country people.

9. Tn ng mang tnh nhn mnh cng c tho ln u cu:Not a single word did he say.

10. Here/There hoc mt s cc trng ti kt hp vi ng tng u cu cng phio ng t ln trn ch ng l mt danh t, nhng nu ch ng l mt i t th khngc o ng t:

Here comes Freddy. (Incorrect: Here comes he)Off we go. (Incorrect: Off go we)


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CU TNG THUT

BNG I I TNHN XNG VTNH T S HU

Direct speech Indirect speech

I He /She

We They

Me / You Him /Her

Us Them

Mine His / Hers

Ours Theirs

My His / Her

Our Their

Myself Himself / herself

BNG ING T

Direct speech Indirect speechSimple present Simple past

Present progressive Past progressive

Present perfect (Progressive) Past perfect (Progressive)

Past progressive Past perfect continuous

Simple past Simple past or Past perfect

Past perfect Past perfect

Will/Shall Would/ Should

Be going to Was/ Were going to

Will be V-ing Would be V-ing

Future perfect Perfect conditional

Can/May/ Could/ Might/

Must/Have to Had to

Neednt Did not have to

Must/ Should/ Shouldn't Must/ Should/ Shouldn't

Present conditional Perfect conditional

BNG I CC I TCHTH, TRNG TCHA IM V THI GIANNow Then

Today That day

Tonight That night

Yesterday The day before/ the previous day

The day before yesterday Two days beforeTomorrow The next/ the following day/ the day after

The day after tomorrow In two days' time/ two days after

Next + Time The following + Time

Last + Time The previous + Time/ The + Time + before

Time + ago Time + before/ Time + earlier

This, these That, those

That That

Here, Overhere There, Overthere


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I. MC NNG CAO

1. Dng 1: S + V + ngi + (not) TO Inf.

Cc ng tthng c s dng trong dng ny l : invite (mi ), ask, tell, warn ( cnh bo ),order ( ra lnh ), beg ( van xin ), urge ( thc hi) .....(xem thm To_INFINITIVE)

The man invited me to go out with him. (Ngi {n ng mi ti i ra ngo{i vi ng y).

Nu bo ai khng lm chuyn g, th t NOT trc to inf .She reminded me not to stay up late (C y nhc nhti khng thc khuya).

2. Dng 2: S + V + ngi + gii t + Ving / N

Cc ng t thng c s dng trong dng ny l: Accuse sb of (buc ti ai v....),congratulate sb on ( chc mng ai v vic g ), blame sb for( li ai v vic g ), blame sth on sb (ti g cho ai ), prevent sb from (ngn khng cho ai l{m g), warn sb against ( cnh bo ai khngnn l{m iu g ) - lu mu ny ch dng not vi to_V, thank sb for( c|m n ai v vic g ),criticize sb for ( ph bnh ai vic g) (xem thm Cm ng t).

He accused me of having stolen his bicycle ( anh ta buc ti ti ~ n cp xe p ca anh ta )He warned me against swimming too far. ( anh ta cnh b|o ti ng bi qu| xa )

= He warned me not to swim too far.3. Dng 3: S + V + VING

Cc ng tthng c s dng trong dng ny l : Advise ( khuyn ) , suggest ( ngh ), Admit( th nhn ), deny (chi) ....(xem thm V_ING)

She suggested going for a swim (C y nghi bi).

4. Dng 4: S + V + to Inf.

Cc ng tthng c s dng trong dng ny l : Promise (ha), agree (ng ), threaten (eda), propose (c nh), offer( ngh gip ai) , refuse (tchi)... (xem thm To_INFINITIVE)

He threatened to kill me if I did not do that. (Hn ta da git ti nu ti khng lm vy).She promised to visit us (C y ha thm chng ti)He offered to give me a hand (Anh y nghc gip ti mt tay)

II. CC DNG C BIT

1. Cc dng cu s dng advise: S + advise + O + to inf.

C mt s dng cu nh cu hi, cu iu kin nhng khi tng thut li th khng dng dngcu hi m li p dng cng thc ca cu mnh lnh vi ng t advise.

Chng hn nh: S + had better, S + should, Why dont you., If I were youMy mother said,Youd bettergo to school early=>My mother advised me to go to school early.Why dont yougo to school early? , said my mother.=>My mother advised me to go to school early.My friend said to me, IfI were you, I would met him=> My friend advised me to meet him.

2. Cc dng cu s dng suggest: S + suggest + Ving

Khi gp cc mu sau: Lets, Why dont we, Shall we, How about ..My friend said to me,Lets goout for a drink=>My friend suggested going out for a drink.My friend said , Why dont wego out for a drink ?

=> My friend suggested going out for a drink.3. Cc dng cu s dng invite: S + invite + O + to inf

Khi gp cc mu sau: Would you like .?Would you liketo come to my party


26/45


=> He invited me to come to his party.

4. Cc dng cu kp (c 2 cu ni trong 1 du ngoc kp) :

Thng thng cc cu cho thng chc 1 cu, nhng i khi cc em cng gp cc cu cho 2 cu. i vi cc trng hp ny cc em phi dng lin t ni chng li; cc lin tthng dng l :

- Nu 2 cu l nguyn nhn, kt qu ca nhau th theo ngha m dng: Because/ SoDont tell me to do that. I dont like it => He asked me not to tell him to do that because he did not like it.

- Nu 2 cu khng c lin quan v nhn qu m ch l 2 cu ni lin tip nhau th dng:Andadded that ( v ni thm rng).

I miss my mother. I will visit her tomorrow.=> She said that she missed her mother and added that she would visit her the next day.

- Nu 2 cu khc dng nhau th ty cu u vn lm bnh thng sau thm and v ng ttng thut ring ca cu sau.

This is my book. Dont take it away. (c}u u dng pht biu, cu sau dng mnh lnh)

=>She said that was her book and told me not to take it away.Tomorrow is my birthday. Do you remember that?(c}u u dng pht biu, cu sau dngcu hi)=> She said that the next day was her birthday and asked me if I remembered that.

5. i vi dng cu cu cm: S + exclaim with + danh t biu l trng thi that

Dng ng ttng thut exclaim ( ku ln , tht ln)

Cc danh tthng dng trong mu ny l: delight( thch th, vui sng), admiration (ngngm ), horror ( shi), satisfaction (hi lng), surprise ( ngc nhin), pain (au n), regret (ticnui), disappointment ( tht vng)

What a lovely dress !(i, c|i |o m p qu)=>She exclaimed with delight that the dress was lovely.Oh! Ive cut myself said the little boy. (i, ti bt tay ri!)=>The little boy exclaimed with pain that he had cut himself. (Thng b ku ln au n rngn bt tay)

6. Mt s dng khc:

-Li cho dng : greet

- Cm n dng : thank

- Li chc dng: wish

She said to me hello!=>She greeted me. Thank you very much for your help=> She thanked me for my help.Happy new year!=> She wished me a happy new year.

CU HI UI1. Cu u l I WISH:ngMAY

I wish to study English, may I ?

2. Ch tl ONE: dngyou hoc one

One can be ones master, cant you/one?


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3. Cu u c MUST: must c nhiu cch dng cho nn ty theo cch dng ms c cu hi ui khc nhau

-Must ch s cn thit: => dng needntThey must study hard, needntthey?

-Must ch s cm on: => dng mustYou mustntcome late, must you ?

Must ch s don hin ti: => da vo ng t theo sau mustHe must be a very intelligent student, isnthe? (Anh ta t hn l 1 hc sinh rt thng minh, phikhng ?)

-Must ch s don qu kh ( trong cng thc must +have+ p.p) : => dng have/hasYou must have stolen my bike, haventyou? (Bn chc hn l{ ~ ly cp xe ca ti, phikhng?)

4. Letu cu: letu cu c nhiu dng cn phn bit:

- Let trong cu r(lets ): dng shall we ?

Lets go out, shall we?-Let trong cu xin php (let us /let me ): dng will you ?

Let us use the telephone, will you?Let me have some drink, will you?

- Lettrong cu nghgip ngi khc (let me): dng may I ?Let me help you do it, may I ?

5. Cu cm thn: ly danh ttrong cu i thnh i t; dng is, am, areWhat a beautiful dress, isnt it?What a stupid boy, isnt he?How intelligent you are, arent you?

6. Cu u c I + cc ng t sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy,imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel + mnh ph:

- Ly mnh ph lm cu hi ui.I think he will come here, wont he?I dont believe Mary can do it, can she? ( lu M chnh c not th vn tnh nh M ph)

-Cng mu ny nhng nu ch t khng phi l I th li dng mnh u lm cu hi ui.She thinks he will come, doesntshe?

7. Cu u c It seems that + mnh : ly mnh lm cu hi ui.

It seems that you are right, arent you?8. Ch t l mnh danh t: dng it

What you have said is wrong, isntit?Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesntit?

CU NHNG B1. Despite/Inspite of (bt chp, cho d, ...)

ng sau hai cm t ny phi dng mt danh t hoc ng danh t, khng c dng mtcu hon chnh.

Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades.Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades.


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2. Although/Even though/Though (mc du)

ng sau 3 cm t ny phi dng mt mnh hon chnh (c c ch ng v ng t),khng c dng mt danh t.

Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has bad grades.

Nu though ng mt mnh, cui cu, tch bit khi cu chnh bi du phy th n mangngha tuy nhin.He promised to call me, till now I haven't received any call from him, though.

3. However + adj + S + linkverb = d c .... i chng na th ....However strong you are, you can't move this rock.

4. Although/ Albeit + Adjective/ Adverb/ Averbial ModifierHer appointment was a significant, althought/ albeit temporary success. (Vic b y c bnhim l mt thnh cng quan trng, nhng du sao cng chl nht thi).Her performed the task well, althought/ albeit slowly. (Anh ta thc hin nhim v kh| tt,tuy rng chm.)

SO SNH1.So snh ngang bng: S + V + as + {adj/ adv} + as + {noun/ pronoun}

My book is as interesting as yours.His car runs as fast as a race car.

Nu l cu ph nh,asth nht c th thay bngso.He is not as tall as his father.He is not so tall as his father.

Sau asphi l mt i t nhn xng ch ng, khng c l mt i t tn ng.

Peter is as tall as I. (NG)Peter is as tall as me. (SAI)

Khi so snh bng danh t, s dng cu trc sau:

S + V + the same + (noun) + as + {noun/ pronoun}My house is as high as his.My house is the same height as his.

Ch rng ngc ngha vi thesame...as l different from... Khng bao gi dngdifferent than.Sau y l mt s v d khc v so snh bng danh t.

Her address is the same as Ritas.

Their teacher is different from ours.2. So snh hn km

Trong loi so snh ny ngi ta chia lm haidng: tnh t v trng tngn (ch c mt hoc haim tit khi pht m) v tnh t, trng tdi (3 m tit tr ln). Khi so snh khng ngang bng:

i vi tnh tv trng tngn chcn cng ui -er. (thick thicker; cold-colder;quiet-quieter)

i vi tnh tngn c mt ph m tn cng (trw,x,z) v{ trc l{ mt nguyn m,phi gp i ph m cui. (big-bigger; red-redder; hot-hotter)

i vi tnh t, trng tdi, thm more hoc less trc tnh thoc trng t (morebeautiful; more important; more believable).

i vi tnh ttn cng l ph m+y, phi i y thnh -ier (happy-happier; dry-drier;pretty-prettier).


29/45


i vi cc tnh tc hu t-ed, -ful, -ing, -ish, -ous cng bin i bng cchthm more cho d chng l tnh tdi hay ngn (more useful, more boring, morecautious)

Trng hp c bit: strong-stronger; friendly-friendlier than = more friendly than. Ch khi ~ dng more th khng dng hu t-erv{ ngc li. Cc v d sau l SAI:

more prettier, more faster, more better

Ch :1. Ch mt s trng tl c ui er, bao gm:faster, quicker, sooner, latter.

2. Nh dng dng thc ch ng ca i t sauthan, khng c dng dng tn ng.Johns grades are higher than his sisters.He speaks Spanish more fluently than I. (khng dng than me)

So snh khng ngang bng c th c nhn mnh bng cch thm muchhocfartrc cm tso snh:

S + V + far/much + adj_ER/adv_ER + than + noun/pronoun

S + V + far/much + more + adj/adv + than + noun/pronounA waterlemon is much sweeter than a a lemon.His car is far better than yours.

Danh t cng c dng din t php so snh ngang bng hoc hn/km. Ch dng tnht b ngha ng vi danh t m c hoc khng m c.

S + V + as + many/much/little/few + noun + as + noun/pronoun

S + V + more/fewer/less + noun + than + noun/pronounHe earns as much money as his brother.February has fewer days than March.

Khi so snh mt ngi/ mt vt vi tt c nhng ngi hoc vt khc phithm else sau anything/anybody...He is smarter than anybody else in the class.

Lu : ng sau as v than ca cc mnh so snh c thloi b ch ngnu n trng hp

vi ch ngthnht, c bit l{ khi ng tsau than v as dng bng. Lcny than v as cn c thm chc nng ca mt i tquan h thay th.

Their marriage was as stormy as had been expected. (Incorrect: as it had been expected).He worries more than was good for him. (Incorrect: than it/what was good for him).

Cc tn ngcng c thb loi bsau c|c ng tmnh sau THANvAS:They sent more than I had ordered. (Incorrect: than I had ordered it).She gets her meat from the same butcher as I go to. (Incorrect: as I go to him).

3. S hu cch:

Incorrect: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor.(Cu ny so snh cc bc tranh vi ngi chdn)Correct: His drawings are as perfect as his instructors.(instructor's = instructor's drawings)

4. Dng thm that ofcho danh t s t:

Incorrect: The salary of a professor is higher than a secretary.

(Cu ny so snh salary vi secretary)Correct: The salary of a professor is higher than that of a secretary.(that of = the salary of)


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5. Dng thm those ofcho cc danh t s nhiu:

Incorrect: The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than a teacher .

(Cu ny so snh duties vi teacher)Correct: The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than those of a teacher(those of = the duties of)

6. Cc tnh t v trng tc bitMt s t tnh t v trng t c dng thc so snh c bit. Chng khng theo cc quy tc nutrn.

Tnh t hoctrng t

So snh hnkm

So snh nht

farfartherfurther

farthestfurthest

Little/few less least

Much/many more mostGood/well better best

Bad/badly worse worstI feel much better today than I did last week.He has less time now than he had before.

Lu :fartherdng cho khong cch;furtherdng cho thng tin hoc cc trng hp trutng khc.

The distance from your house to school is farther than that of mine.If you want further information, please call to the agent.

8. So snh bi s: bng na (half), gp i (twice), gp ba (three times),...S + V + number multiple + as + much/many + (noun) + as + noun/pronoun

Khng c s dng so snh hn km m s dng so snh bng, khi so snh phi xc nhdanh t l m c hay khng m c, v ng trc chng cmany/much

This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one.Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.

Cc li ni:twice that many/twice that much= gp i ngn y... ch c dng trong khu ng,khng c dng trong vn vit.

We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up. (twice as many as

that number).9. So snh kp

L loi so snh vi cu trc: Cng... cng... Cc Adj/Adv so snh phi ng u cu, trcchng phi cThe. Dng mt trong hai mu cu sau y so snh kp:

The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V

The more + S + V + the + comparative + S + VThe hotter it is, the more miserable I feel. (Tri cng nng, ti cng thy kh chu)The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you. (Cng nhn vo mt em, anh cng yu emhn)

Sau The more v th nht c th thmthatnhng khng mu cu ny khng ph bin. The more (that) you study, the smarter you will become.

Trong trng hp nu c hai v u c ch ng giit is,hoc nu c hai v u dngto be th cth b chng i


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The shorter (it is), the better (it is).The closer to the Earths pole (is), the greater the gravitational force (is).

Cc cch ni: all the better(cng tt hn),all the more(cng... hn),not... any the more...(chng... hn... t no),none the more... (chng cht no) dng nhn mnh cho cc tnh thoc trng t c em ra so snh. N ch cdng vi cctnh t tru tng v dng trongvn ni,khng dng cho c|c tnh t c th:

Sunday mornings were nice. I enjoyed them all the more because Sue used to come round tobreakfast.Those pills have made him all the slimmer. (SAI)

10. So snh hn km khng dng than (gia 2 i tng)

Khi so snh hn km gia 2 ngi hoc 2 vt m khng dng than, mun ni i tng no l tt hn, gii hn, p hn,... th trc adjv advso snh phi cthe. Ch phn bit trnghp ny vi trng hp so snh bc nht di y (khi c 3 i tng tr ln). Trong cuthng c cm tof the two + noun, n c th ng u hoc cui cu.

Harvey is the smarter of the two boys.Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier.

11. So snh bc nht (t3 i tng tr ln)

Dng khi so snh 3 ngi hoc 3 vt tr ln, mt trong s l u vit nht so vi cc itng cn li v mt mt no . bin tnh t v trng tthnh dng so snh bc nht, pdng quy tc sau:

i vi tnh tv trng tngn: thm ui -est. i vi tnh tv trng tdi: dng most hoc least. Trc tnh thoc trng tso snh phi c the. Dng gii tin vi danh tst m c. Dng gii tof vi danh tsnhiu m c. John is the tallest boy in the family.Deana is the shortest of the three sisters.

Sau cm tOne of the + so snh bc nht + noun phi m bo chc chn rngnounphi l snhiu, v ng t phi chia s t.

One of the greatest tennis players in the world is Johnson.Kuwait is one of the biggest oil producers in the world.

Cc trng tthng khng c cc hu t -erhoc est. Chng c chuyn sang dng so snhtng i bng cch thmmorehocless; sang dng so snh tuyt i bng cchthm mosthocleastpha trc chng.

Sal drove more cautiously than Bob.

Joe dances more gracefully than his partner.

Mt s cc tnh t hoc trng t mang tnh tuyt i th khng c dng so snh bc nht, hnch dng so snh hn km, nu buc phi dng th b more, chng gm: unique/ extreme/perfect/ supreme/ top/ absolute/prime/ primary

His drawings are perfect than mine.

12. Nhng kiu ni c tnh cch so snh:

Other...than...: khc.I want to read other novels than these.I have no other friend than you.

Rather than: hn l.I drink water rather than coffee.We want to be poor rather than rich.

Had better: nn.


32/45


You had better stay at home.You had better stay at home than go fishing.

Had rather hocwould rather: thch hn.We had rather go to the theatre.We had rather go to the theatre than to the movies.

TH GINH TRONG MT STRNG HP KHC1. Dng din t mt c mun hoc mt li nguyn ra, thng bao hm cc thlcsiu nhin.

God be with you = Good bye.Curse this toad. (Cht tit ci con cc ny.)

2. Dng vi ng tMaytrong mt strng hp c bit sau:

Come what may =D th no chng na, d bt c truyn g.Come what may we will stand by you.

May as well not do sth .... if ....= C th ng..... nu khng.You may as well not come if you can't be on time. (Cc anh c thng n nu khng nc ng gi.)

May/Might (just) as well do smt =Chng mt g m li khng, mt g ca b.Since nobody wants that job, we might (just) as well let him have it (V khng ai thch vi c ny,mnh chng mt g m li khng cho hn ta lm n)

May din t mt li ngh m ngi ni cho rng cha chc n c thc hin:The sign on the lawn says clearly that people may not walk on the grass.(khng dng shouldtrong trng hp ny).

May + S + link verb + adjhocMay + S + verb + complement(Cu chc cho).May you both very happy (Chc cc bn bch nin giai lo.)May the conference be successful ( Chc hi ngh thnh cng rc r.)Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune (Chc cho nng sng l}u hng vn may canng.)

3. If need be = If necessary = Nu cnIf need be, we can take another road.

4. Dng vi ng t to be, bto sau if ch mt s ginh cha c phn nh rrng l ng hay sai.

If that be right, then it would be no defence for this man to say he's innocent.

5. Let it be me: Gi s l ti, gi phi tay ti.- Husband: Let it be me.- Wife (suddenly appearing) : If that be you, what would you do.

6. Be that as it may... = whether that is true or not... = Cho d l phi thhay khng.Be that as it may, you have to accept it.

7. Then so be it: C phi vy thi.If we have to pay $2,000, then so be it (th c phi tr thi)

8. Cu ginh dng vi it + to be + time

It's time (for sb) to do smt: n lc ai phi lm g (Thi gian va vn, khng mang tnhgi nh).It's time for me to getto the airport: ~ n lc ti phi ra sn bay.

It's time (hightime/about time) (for sb) did smt: n lc m (thi gian tr, mang tnh gi nh)It's time I got to the airportIt's hightime the city government did smt to stop the traffic jam.


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MNH CH NGUYN NHN KT QUI. NGUYN NHN

Because/ as/ since/inasmuch as/ in that/ seeingthat/ seeing as/ now (that)On account of the fact that/in view of the fact that/owing to the fact that/because of the factthat

S + V

Jan was worriedbecause it had started to rain.NowI've got a car, I don't get as much exercise as Iused to.Inasmuch as I already know you, I shall call youJim, not James.Because of the fact thatthere is so little known abouthim, no one trusts him.

Because of/ on account of/ inthe view of/ owing to/ as aresult of/due to( thngdng vi to be)

Noun

He was blindedas a result ofa terrible accident.Because ofthe rain, we have cancelled the party.The accidentwas due to the heavy rain.

II. KT QU

1. Too v Enough- Too (qukhng th):

S + BE (look, become, seem, get) + too + adj (for + O) + to_inf

S + BE (look, become, seem, get) + too + adj + that + S + cant + V

S + V + too + adv (for + O) + to_inf

She is too tired to cook.She is too tired that she cant cook.He ran too fast to be caught.

- Enough (. c th)

S + BE + adj +enough (for + O) + to_inf

S + V + adv + enough + (for + O) + to_inf

S + V + enough + noun (for + O) + to_inf

He is good enough to do this work.She has enough money for her son to buy this car.I sing well enough for them to admire.

2. So v such.Ngi ta dng cu trcso/such .... that(n ni m) theo nhiu cch s dng.

Dng vi tnh t v trng t:

S + V + so + adj/adv + that + S + V

Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary.

Dng vi danh t m c s nhiu: Cu trc vn lso ... thatnhng phidng manyhocfewtrc danh t .

S + V + so + many/few + plural countable noun + that + S + V

I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.The Smiths had so many children that they form their own baseball team.

Dng vi danh t khng m c:Cu trc lso ... thatnhng phi dngmuchhoclittletrcdanh t .


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S + V + so + much/little + uncountable noun + that + S + V

He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Dng vi danh t m c s t:

S + V +such + a + adjective + singular countable noun +that + S + V

S + V +so + adjective + a + singular countable noun +that + S + VIt was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.

Dng such trc tnh t + danh t:

S + V +such + adjective + plural countable noun/ uncountable noun +that + S + V

They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Lu :KHNG c dng sotrong trng hp ny.

TH CA NG TI. TH HIN TI

1. Th hin ti n

-Dng din t mt hnh ng mang tnh thng xuyn (regular action), theo thi quen (habitualaction) hoc hnh ng lp i lp li c tnh qui lut.

I walk to school every day.

-Din t mt s tht lc no cng ng.The Earth goes around the Sun.

-Din t nhng iu ng cho hm nay nhng khng chc chc ng theo thi gian.

He lives in London-Din t nhng hnh ng sp xy ra theo lch trnh sn

The train starts at 7:00

-M u mnh iu kin c tht hin ti.If I have free time, Ill show you my paint.

-Din t suy ngh hay cm gic. Thng dng cc ng t sau:knowbelievehearseesmellwishunderstandhatelove

likewantsoundhaveneedappearseemtasteown

-Thng dng thi hin ti thng vi mt s cc trng t ch thi gian nh today, present day,nowadays,... v vi cc trng t ch tn sut nh: always, sometimes, often, every + thi gian ...

2. Th hin ti tip din: S + to be + V_ing

-Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra vo thi im hin ti. Thi im ny c xc nh c th

bng mt s ph t nh : now, rightnow, at this moment.The president is trying to contact his advisors now. (present time)

-Dng thay th cho thi tng lai gn, c bit l trong vn ni.We are flying to Paris next month. (future time)


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-Cc ng t trng thi (stative verb) bng sau khng c chia th tip din (bt c thi -no) khi chng l nhng ng ttnh din t trng thi cm gic ca hot ng tinh thn hoctnh cht ca s vt, s vic.

knowbelieve

hearseesmellwishunderstandhatelove

likewant

soundhaveneedappearseemtasteown

-Nhng khi chng quay sang hng ng thnh ng th chng li c php dng th tipdin.

I think they will come in time.I'm thinking of my test tomorrow. (ng th{nh ng: ang ngh v)

3. Th hin ti hon thnh: S + has/have + Past Participle

-Din t mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im khng xc nh trong qu kh.

John has traveled around the world. (We don't know when)

-Ch mt hnh ng xy ra nhiu ln trong qu kh.

George has seen this movie three time.

-Mt hnh ng bt u din ra trong qu kh v vn cn xy ra hin ti.John has lived in that house for 20 years. (He still lives there.)

= John has lived in that house since 1984. (Gi shin nay l 2004)

3.1 Cch dng SINCE v FOR:

-FOR + khong thi gian: for three days, for ten minutes, for twenty years ...

-SINCE + thi im bt u: since 1982, since January, ...

3.2 Cch dng ALREADY v YET:

-Already dng trong cu khng nh, already c th ng ngay sauhavev cng c th ng cuicu.

We have already written our reports.

We have written our reports already.-Yet dng trong cu ph nh, cu nghi vn. Yet thng xuyn ng cui cu.

We haven't written our reports yet.Have you written your reports yet?

-Trong mt s trng hp th ph nh, yet c th ng ngay sau have nhng phi thay i v mtng php: ng t PII tr v dng nguyn th cto v khng dng not.

John has yet to learn the material = John hasn't learnt the material yet.

3.3 Thi hin ti hon thnh thng dc dng vi mt scm tchthi gian nh sau:

-Dng vi now that... (gi y khi m...)

Now that you have passed the TOEFL test successfully, you can apply for the scholarship.-Dng vi mt s ph t nh till now, untill now, so far (cho n gi).Nhng cm t ny c th ngu cu hoc cui cu.

So far the problem has not been resolved.


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-Dng vi recently, lately (gn y)nhng cm t ny c th ng u hoc cui cu.I have not seen him recently.

-Dng vi beforeng cui cu.I have seen him before.

4.Th hin ti hon thnh tip din: S + has/have + been + V_ING

-Ch i vi cc hnh ng thc loi (3) ca th hin ti hon thnh chng ta mi c th dng th hinti hon thnh tip din.John has been living in that house for 20 years.= John has lived in that house for 20 years.

Phn bit cch dng gia hai thi:

Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive

Hnh ng chm dt hin ti do c ktqu r rt.

I've waited for you for half an hour.

(and now I stop waiting because you didn't come).

Hnh ng vn tip din hin ti, c kh nng lanti tng lai do khng c kt qu r rt.

I've been waiting for you for half an hour.

(and now I'm still waiting, hoping that you'll come)

II. TH QU KH

1. Th qu khn: S + V (in past tense)

-Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra dt im ti mt thi gian xc nh trong qu kh (khngcn din ra hoc nh hng ti hin ti). Thi im trong cu c xc nh r rt bng mt s cc

ph t ch thi gian nh: yesterday, at that moment, last week, ...He went to Spain last year.Bob bought a new bicyle yesterday.Maria did her homework last night.

2. Th qu kh tip din: S + was/were + V_ING

-Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra trong qu kh th b mt hnh ng khc chen ngang (khiang... th bng...). Trong trng hp ny, mu cu chung l:

S1 + past progressive tense + when + S2 + simple past

When + S1 + simple past, S2 + past progressive tense

I was watching TV when she came home.When she came home, I was watching television.

-Din t hai hnh ng cng ng thi xy ra trong qu kh. Trong trng hp ny, mu cu sau cp dng:

S1 + past progressive tense + while + S2 + past progressive tense

While +S1 + past progressive tense, S2 + past progressive tense

Martha was watching television while John was reading a book.While John was reading a book, Martha was watching television.

-Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im xc nh trong qu kh:Martha was watching TV at seven oclock last night.What were you doing at one oclock this afternoon?

3. Th qu kh hon thnh: S + had + past participle

-Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh. Trong c 2 hnh ng dinra trong qu kh th:

1st

action: Past perfect, 2nd

action: Past simple

-Thi qu kh hon thnh thng c dng vi 3 trng t ch thi gian l: after, before v when.


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S + simple past + after + S + past perfect

After + S + past perfect, S + simple past

S + past perfect + before + S + simple past

Before + S + simple past , S + past perfect

John went home after he had drunk with his friends

After John had drunk with his friends, he went homeJohn had drunk with his friends before he went homeBefore John went home, he has drunk with his friends

-Trng t whenc th c dng thay cho afterv beforetrong c 4 mu trn m khng lm thay i ngha ca cu. Chng ta vn bit hnh ng no xy ra trc do c s dng qu kh hon thnh.

The police came when the robber had gone away.

-Din t mt trng thi tn ti mt thi gian trong qu kh nhng chm dt trc hin ti.Trng hp ny tng t trng hp 3 i vi hin ti hon thnh nhng trong trng hp ny khngc lin h g vi hin ti.

John had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to VN.

4. Th qu kh hon thnh tip din: S + had + been + V_INGCh i vi cc hnh ng thuc nhm 2 ca thi qu kh hon thnh ta mi c th dng thi qu khhon thnh tip din, vi ngha ca cu khng thay i.

John had been living in New York for ten years before he moved to VN.

Lu :Thi ny ngy nay t dng, ngi ta thay th n bng Th qu kh hon thnh v ch dng khino cn in t tnh chnh xc ca hnh ng.

III. TH TNG LAI

1. Th tng lai n: S + will/shall + V_inf

-Ngy nay ng php hin i, c bit l ng php M chp nhn vic dng willcho tt c cc ngi,cn shall ch dng vi cc ngiI, wetrong mt s trng hp nh sau:

a ra ngh mt cch lch s:Shall I take you coat?

Dng mi ngi khc mt cch lch s:Shall we go out for lunch?

Dng ng gi trong khi mc c, mua bn:Shall we say : $ 50

Thng c dng vi 1 vn bn mang tnh php qui buc cc bn phi thi hnh iu khon trong

vn bn:All the students shall be responsible for proper execution of the dorm rule.

-Trong ting Anh bnh dn , ngi ta thay shall = must dng cu ny. N dng din t mt hnhng s xy ra mt thi im nht nh trong tng lai nhng khng xc nh c th. Thng dngvi mt s trng t ch thi gian nh tomorrow, next + time, in the future, in future, from now on.

2. Tng lai gn: S + am/is/are + going to + V_inf

-Din t mt hnh ng s xy ra trong tng lai gn, thng dng vi cc trng t di dng:In amoment (ltna), at 2 o'clock this afternoon....

We are going to have a reception in a moment

-N ch 1 vic chc chn s phi xy ra theo nh d tnh cho d thi gian l tng lai xa.

We are going to take a TOEFL test next year.

-Ngy nay ngi ta thng dng Th hin ti tip din.


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3. Th tng lai tip din: S + will/shall + be + V_ING

-Dng din t mt hnh ng s xy ra vo mt thi im nht nh trong tng lai.At 8:00 am tomorrow morning we will be attending the lecture.Good luck with the exam! We will be thinking of you.

-Dng kt hp vi present progressive khc din t hai hnh ng ang song song xy ra. Mt hin ti, cn mt tng lai.

Now we are learning English here, but by this time tomorrow we will be attending the meetingat the office.

-c dng cp n cc s kin tng lai c xc nh hoc quyt nh (khng mang ngha tip din).

Professor Baxter will be giving another lecture on Roman glass-making at the same time nextweek.

-Hoc nhng s kin c mong i l s xy ra theo mt tin trnh thng l (nhng khng din t nh ca c nhn ngi ni).

You will be hearing from my solicitor.I will be seeing you one of these days, I expect.

-D on cho tng lai:Don't phone now, they will be having dinner.

-Din t li ngh nh nhn mun bit v k hoch ca ngi khcWill you be staying in here this evening? (ng c dnh li }y ti nay ch)

4. Th tng lai hon thnh: S + will/shall + have + past participle

Dng ch mt hnh ng s phi c hon tt vo mt thi im nht nh trong tng lai. Nthng c dng vi trng t ch thi gian di dng: by the end of....., by the time + sentence

We will have accomplished the English grammar course by the end of next week.

By the time human being migrates to the moon, most of the people alive today will have died.MNH CH MC CH1.So that + S + V

ng t mnh sauso thatphi li mt thi so vi thi ca ng t mnh chnh.He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.She is sending the package early so that it will arrive in the time for her sisters birthday.Susan drove to Miami instead of flying so that she could save money.

Ch :

Phi phn bitso thattrong cu trc ny viso thatmang ngha do (therefore). Cch phn bitl thi ca ng t ng sauso thatmang ngha do din bin bnh thng so vi thi cang t mnh ng trc.

We heard nothing from him so that we wondered if he moved away.

Cng cn phn bit vi cu trcso + adj/adv + thatnu phn Mnh ch nguyn nhn kt qu.Trong ting Anh ni c th bthattrong cmso thatnhng trong ting Anh vit khng c

bthat. y l by m bi thi TOEFL thng nu ra.

2. In order that + S + VWe came early in order that we could find places to sitPut the milk in the fridge in order that itdoesnt spoil

3. In order to + V_infWe came early in order to find places to sit

4. (Just) In case + S + V (phng khic th)In case you bump into Jack, tell him to come to the office


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I don't expect much traffic, but in case there is some, I think we should leave early

5. In case of + Noun/V_ING (trong trng hp)In case of fire, ring the alarm bell

6. Lest + S + (should) V_inf (v s rng)Lest anyone should doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its truthThey evacuated the area lest war (should) break out

7. For fear (that) + S + would/could/might/will/should+ V (v e rng)I had to run away for fear (that) he might kill meThey didnt let their dog outside for fear (that) it would get lost

8. For fear of + V_ING (v s rng)We spoke quietly for fear of waking the guardsI didn't want to watch TV for fear of waking her up

CCH S DNG HOPE V WISH.Hai ng t ny tuy cng ngha nhng khc nhau v cch s dng v ng php.

1. Hope dng din t mt hnh ng hoc tnh hung c th s xy ra hoc cth xy ra. Th ca mnh sau hope (hi vng rng) c th l bt k th no.

We hope that theywill come. (We dont know if they are coming or not) We hope that he came thereyesterday. (We dont know if he came there or not.)

2. Wish dng din t mt iu chc chn s khng xy ra hoc chc chn khng xy ra. Th ca mnh sau wish bt buc khng c th hin.

We wish that they could come. (We know they can t come)We wish that he had come thereyesterday. (He didnt come)

2.1 Wish tng lai: S + wish + (that) S + [could/wouldV_inf]/[ were + V_ING]

Thatl tu chn (c hoc khng c). Hai ch ng (S) c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau.We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (We known you can't come)

2.2 Wish hin ti: S + wish + (that) + S + simple past tense ...

ng t mnh sauwishs chia Simple past, to bephi chia lwere tt c cc ngi.I wish that I had enoug

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