HOBbiE KHHIH

Tepe3a TOpaHCKaR JlKy6 EepMaH

HElABHCHMOCTh nocoBETCKH llIlIACTh

BepHO IIU ITO I3bl rOMYIIKY apeCTOl3artU nOTOMY ITO OH TO)f(e HaMepel3artCR 6eJICaTb

- R cnbIWaJI TllKylO BepcHlO U ua)Ke cnOpHJI C HeR CMbIcna B

HeH He 6bIJIO Beob He B TOM COCTOIDI KOHcpmnltr C fOMYJIlCOH

KOHeIlHO roBOPHJl 11 y Hac eCTb npeTeH3HH K fOMYJIKe HO OHH

nOJIHTHlleCKOro a He yrOJIOBHOro CBOHCTBa H He B TOM OHH liTO OH XOlleT OO)KJlTb

- TaK 3a ITO )f(e ezo apeCTOl3artU

- R HHKaK He Mor nOBJIHJlTb Ha 3TO peweHHe TeM 6oJIee tfTO

JI JIe)KaJl B 6oJIbHH1(e A Korua 11 0 peweHHH Y3HaJI TO npoTeCTOBaJI

npoTHB Hero caMbIM pe3KHM 06pa30M XOTb U 6e3ycneWHO KOHeIJshy

HO 11 He Tpe3BOHHJl no BceMY CBeTY 0 CBOOM HecomaCHH HO 6bIJI

y MeHJI pe3KHH pa3rOBOp C BepyroM nOHJITHO C ma3Y Ha ma3

TOJIbKO HeuaBHO y3HaJI JI tfTO U POMKOBCKHH TO)lCe npoTeCTOBaJI

H npHBO)JWI CBOH oOBOllbl oeRCTBOBaJI OH COBepweHliO He38BHCUMO

1-13 KHHrH Tepe3h1 TopaHCKolt OHH 3TOT C60PHHK HHTepBbIO C

6h1BWHMH nonbCKHMH KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHMH oeJlTenJlMH 6h1n H3shy

oaH B nomwe B HenooIteH3ypHOM H3oarenbCTBe Przedswit I H II faCTH HHTepBbIO CM B HOMepax 15middot16 H 1718

OT MeHJI H nO-MOOMY HHlJero He 3HaJI 0 Moeii n03HnHH Deno 6bIJIO

BepoJITHO B TOM tfTO OH 3HaJI fOMYJIKY eme co IIIKOJIbI HM ileHHshy

Ha npH KOMHHTepHe OH )KHJI C HHM Torua B OllHOH KOMHaTe

TaK KTO)f(e I3ce np06eJl PaOKe6UQ

- He llyMalO tfT06bI TaKOe lleJIO umo tfepe3 PallKeBHIJa

- 3HaQUT EepYT

- RCHo liTO 3TOro He Momo 6bl npoH30HTH 003 comacuJl

BepYTa Y BepYTa B OTHOWeHHH fOMynKH 6bIJ1 KaKOH-TO KOMDJIeKC

(tfTO KOHeIlHO HHKaK ero He onpaBllbmaeT) KOTOPbrH MOe 6bIJIO

TpyllHO nOHJITb H OCTaJICJI Y Hero 3TOT KOMnneKC eme CO BpeMeH

OKKynaUHH He TO tfTO fOMynKa - npeuaTeJIb (B no BepYT HaBepshy

MKa He BepHJI) npoCTO He 6bIJIO Y Hero nOJIHOrO oOBepuJl K foshy

MYJIKe OH Bce KOJIe6aJICJI He 3HaJI lITO C HHM lleJIaTb UyMaIO lITO

no nCUXOJIOrHIeCKoe npeopacnOJIO)lCeHHe Bepyra HCnOJIb30BaJlH

COBeTHHKH U3 CCCP H He HCKJIIOlJaIO lITO caM CTaJlHH HenocpeoCTBeHshy

HO nOBJIHIDI Ha TO llT06bI Bepyr OTllaJl npHKa3 06 apecre fOMYJIKH

- A KaKoe 6blllO ifjopMartblfoe oClfo6alfue

- Ha fOMYJIKY naJIo noo03peHHe

KaK 6cezOa - 13 UmUOHQ)f(e

- 3a PYKY fOMynKY HHKTO He nOHMan H MbI B ero H3Meuy

He BepHJIH HO llBYWI rouaMH paHee HWI fOMynKH npo3ByqaJIO Ha

npouecce PaRKa B ByuaneWTe H KOHeIHO no He 6bIJ10 cnyqaiimiddot

HOCTbIO npasua no ynoMHHaHHe eme He BbImlllleJIO noo03peHHeM

B H3MeHe KaK n03llHee Ha npouecce CnaacKoro B npare HO BbICKashy

3aHO 6bIJIO B 38ByanHPOBaHHOH nOKa cpopMe tfTO 6bIJIH Me)Klly

HHMH KaKUe-TO KOHTllKTbI Toroa )ICe B ByuaneWT npurJIaCHJIH

npeoCTaBHTeneH Hawero YB (nOJIbCKHe opraHbI roc6e30naCHOCshy

TH - Peo) TllK KaK COBeTCKHe COBeTHHKH xorerm tfT06bl Mbl 0611shy

38TenbHO BOcnOJIb30B8JIHCb lleJIOM PaAK8 OHH ynOpHo H8craHBaJIH

llT06bI MbI H Y ce6JI npoBeJIH TaKOH npouecc

164 165

i - KaJICeTCR 3a iJee HeoertU 00 np014eCca Parae Ha oonpoce

euroI npUCYTCTeuu iJeyx eawux COTPYOHUK06 U3 YE OTKa3aJ1CR or ceoux npeJICHux npU3HaHUU euroI U3MeHe U wnUOHaJICe

- 3TO M3JIOBepoJImO II Tatltoro 4gtaKTa He nOMHIO 3HalO

TonhKO lITO Ha npouecc OT HaC nOeXIIJIH B lHCJIe PpyrHX 3aM6poBCo

KHH KOTOPhIH pa60Tan Torpa B apMHH H POMKOBCKHH BepHYnHCh

OHH nonHhle COMlleHHH H Kone6aHHH POMKOBCKHH CKalaJI MIle

npouecc He KneHJICB He BblrnIpen )Kene3HO PIP MOMeHTOB

npo6Y)KIJIIJl COMHeHHI BOT Bee IITOI 3anOMHHJI

- PauKa Ka3HUIlU

- J]a HO B 1956 r ero pea6HJIHmpoBIIJIH

Ha HaC paBHJIH BOBCIO paBHJIH 1IT06bI nop06Hb1ii npouecc

6hl1l npoBepeH npomB fOMllKH BbIlJBHHYnH npeIJ1IOlKeHHe IIT06hl

HeCK01IhKO TOBapHlueH nOeXaJ1H Ha OlepeIJHOH nponecc - CnaHCKoshy

ro B ilpare ilOCJIaJIH Mbl TYpa napTHiiHYIO peneraIUllO B COCTaBe

4-5 lenOBeK B TOM lHCJIe ilIDonKoBcKoro H BOHrpoBCKoro Ha

nOM npouecce BCfi1Ib11l0 peno BeCJIaBa B CBI3H C KOTOphlM ylKe

003 06HHIKOB YKa3bmanOCb Ha CBI3H fOMYnKH co CnaHCKHM

OIJHaKO HHKaKHX pOKa3aTenhCm BHHbI fOMllKH He 6bl1l0 npepshy

CTaBJIeHO - HX H He 6h11l0 IiHKTO He Mor npepCTaBHTb npH3HaHHe

B KOTOPOM HMenHCIgt 6b1 06BHHeHHJI fOMYnKe Ho pa3 BCTpeIH 6blshy

nH TeHb pena CnaHcKoro fiaJ1a H Ha fOMyrIKY

- CmzHCK020 U oeCRTepblx 0PY2UX TOeapUll4eu Ka3HUIlU

- Ho nOTOM HX TO)Ke pea6HJIHTHpoBMH

A Bbl-TO Katlt pyMaeTe ~I IIero npoBOIJHJIH TatltHe nOKa3ashy

TenlgtHhIe npoueCCbl B DonrapHH B BeHrpHH B lIeXOCJIOBatltHH lITOshy

6bl TatltHe pena OXBaTHJIH BeCh counareplgt Ho Mbl He 3allDlH TaK

laJ1eKO KaK mum coee)JH H He ponyCTHJlH cypa HaP fOMyrIKoii

Mbl Bee 06BHHeHHI npomB Hero OTpHUaJIH B 3TOM CMbICJIe Mbl -

HCKnlOIIeHHe TonbKO Mbl 0pHH He laJ1H BblpBaTb ueHTpaJIIgtHbIX 4gtHshy

ryp H3 PYKOBopcma napnm

- A OUI lIe20 CTaJ1UH 3TO oertaJ1

166

r BO)JHTe nH K8)KIJhIH CJIYII8H OTCyYnHHIIeCTBa peHeraTcma

Bbl3bmaeT Bonpoc oui prodest - KOMy no BbITOIJHO MOCTOshy

pHlO C fOMyrIKOH C nOH TOllKO 3peHHI OueHHBaJIO 11 BOBee ee He onshy

paBpbmalO HO Hapo nOHIYIgt 3TOT nO)KHbIH nopxop BbITeKaJI 03

npHHuuna lITO npoTHBHHKa CJIepyeT P06UBaTh PP KOHDa

- BnrlOTb 00 e20 YHUITOKeHWf KaK 3TO 6wl0 euroI CoeeTCKOM Come euroI 19382

- ilopyMaeM CHaIIaJIa 3alleM CTIIJlHH Torpa lTO cpenaJI BelJlgt

He COlllen lKe OH C YMa HeT He COlllen OH nOlllen no 3TOMY nym

IIOTOMY lITO B Katltoii-TO MOMeHT OTKpbI1I liTO 6bl1l0 6b1 Hey6e)JHshy

TenhHO BblIJBOraTh IIpomB OnIIOHeHTOB KOTophIe HapyrualOT e)JHHCTshy

BO 0 MelllalOT pa60TaYlgt lHCTO nOnOTHleCKOe o6BoHeHHI IIT06bI

YCTpaHHTb OX HJIO nOKBO)JHpoBaTb HY)KHO yHHIITO)I(UTb OX MOpllJI1gtshy

HO Tatlt I 06bICHJIIO 3TO ee6e HO He06xo)JHMO 1I0MHHTb TatltlKe

lITO Bee lTO npoHCXOIJHJIO Korpa Bee BhIllle nOpHHMIIJI ronOBY

fOTJIep H yrP03a COBeTCKOMY COlO3Y co CTOPOHbl fepMaHHH

CTaHOBHJIaCIgt Bee 60nee OlleBHIJlIOii a IIOTOMY CTaHOBHnOCb He06xoshy

)JHMOCThIO H e)JHHCmO peHcmoH cnnOlleHHOCTb pMOB ilopo6HaJI

CHTYaIUlJI XOTJI H B MeHhllleH cTelIeHH IIOBTOpHJIaCh 0 B KOHue

4O-x - HaIIaJIe 50-x roPOB H60 mpp nOMHHTb lITO Ka)I(JOe ooocTpeshy

HHe Me)KIJYHapoIJHOH 06CTaHOBKO Katlt IIpaBHJIO CHaIIaJIa BepeT K

060CTpeHHIO )JHCKYCCHO liTO MeruaeT KOHConHIJ8IUIO CH1I lIepep

nHUOM Bpara a 3aTeM 0 K OOOCTpeHHIO BHYTpeHHero nOnOlKeHHI

Torpa TO)Ke cymecTBOBaJIa peaJIbHaJI yrpo3a co CTOPOHbI AMepOKH

H lIepep nOH yrP030H BeCb COII)larepb pOn)KeH 6bl1l ome)JHHHThCI

OTCIOpa - YCTpaHeHHe BOlJHblX peITeneii BO MHorox rrapTHIX He

OCKnIOIIalO JI TaKlKe 0 no60IIHbIX npHIIHH no KOTOpblM OM IIpellhIBshy

nI1IHCb TJI)KeneHume 0 6ecCMbIC3leHHbIe 06BOHeHHJI 3TO 6bl1l rophshy

KHH MpaIIHbIH nepHOP KOTOPblH HY)KHO 6bl1l0 lIepe)KlJ3Th 0 JI IIpHshy

HI1I nO-MoeMY e)JHHCTBeHHO IIpaBHnbHYIO TaKTHKY BbIUrpaTh

BpeMI He pOIIYCKaTb BbIHeCeHHI npHrOBopoB 3aBepllleHHI pen pO)I(JaThCI MOMeHTa Korpa MO)KHO 6ypeT OCBo60)JHTh nlOpeH

- Ha cneoYlOll4UU oeHb nocle apeCTa rOMYlKU HaIlaJ1CR nposhy14eCC 2eHepaJ1a Tampa U eOCbMU 0pY2UX orjiU14ep06 ApMUU KpauoshyeuroIou 3ro clYlauHOe coenaoeHue

167

_ HeT TlUCHX cnyqaHHOCTeH He 6bmaeT llaJteKo HmJiUIe mIashy

HbI npeoyCMllTpHBaJIH ome~HeHHe 3THX ooyx ]JelI HaBepIDlKa

no 6bDIO CBH38HO C nOHCKaMH )]OKa3aTelIbCTB H3MeHbI fOMYlIKH

KOTOPbIX nOBTOpHIO He 6bIlIO

_ lIpOl-Iecc TaTapa HailallCJI 31 UlOlJI 1951 z He OIlJl TOZO IlU

IlTo6b 1 aBzycTa B ceObMYlO ZOOOBU4UHY BapwaBcKozo BOCCTaHUJI

Bce Za3eTbl MOZIlU Ha nep8Nx nollOCax nucaTb 0 zepOJlX lIollbwu

aHTUHapooH(JJI waUKa fiaHouTOB XaIlKUe MOON npecryMeHUJI ~ KapllUKu-nullcyOIlUKU U T n

_ IIpH3HaIOCb H 3TH lJ3TbI He CBH3hIBaJI H TOHKOCTb 3TOH

KOppemmHH OT MeIDl yCKOlIb3HYlIa Ho H KOHeIHO 3HalI lfIO npHshy

MllH uelIb npouecca - CHlIbHbm ylJ3p no ApMHH KpaHOBOH If ee

lIOHAOHCKHM ]JeJITelIIIM H TorlJ3 KaK pa3 nepeHec OnepauH1O H noqTH

He Mor pa60TaTb HO nepe)] rrpoueCCOM MllTepHalIbI HaIIpaBHlIH MHe

raK KaK 3TO )]elIO IIIlIO rrpHMO rro JIHHHH YB KaXlteTCJI H H3yqaJI

MllTepHaJIbI BMeCTe C MHHIIeM MbI BHeCIDl napy norrpaBoK HO HHKashy

KHX qy)]ec COBepWHTb He MornH IIoKa3aHHH 6bIlIH H TaKHe H 3lJ3shy

KHe HO H3 HHX CKlIaJ]bmaJIaCb KapTHHa qpeBaTaH 06BHHeHHIIMH

- KaK(Jl xe

_ qTO cymeCTBOBaJI 3arOBOp HaCHlIbCTBeHHoro H3MeHeHHH

rOCYlJ3pCTBeHHoro CTpoH HapoJ]Hoii IIolIbWH

- JCHO H OeUCTBUTet1bHO TaKOU 3al080p UMet1 MeCTO

_ CymeCTBeHHo qro 3TO BbITeKaJIO H3 npe)]CTaBlIeHHbIX MHe

MllTepHaJIOB lJ3 6bIlI 3aroBop TaM 6bIlIH rrpH3HaHHH 06BHHHeMbIX

rrOK83aHHH CBH)]eTelIeii - Bee lfIO HYXltHO )JllH OCY)K)JeHHH H Bee

6bIlIO YaK JlOrHlHO ysH3aHO qro npH)]paTbCJI 6bDIO He K qeMy

Y MeIDl BbI3BaJIO COMHeHHII TOJlbKO qro reHepan TaTap B03Bpashy

maHCb H3 3MHrpauHH CHIIJl C ]Jerr03HTa B aHmHHCKHX 6aHKaX H npHshy

Be3 B IIOJlbIIIY 30JlOTO rrpHHa)JllegtK8BIIIee )]OBoeHHOMY rrOJlbCKOMY

rrpaBHTeJlbCTBY MHe He rrOKa3aJIOCb y6e~TeJlbHbIM lfIO OH )]OCTashy

BHlI 3TO 3OJlOTO C oypHbIMH HaMepeHHHMH lfI06bI HaC KyrrHTh

(KaK rrbITaJIOCh )]OKa3aTb cne)]CTBHe) a He H3 rraTpHOTHqeCKHX

n06YlKlJeHHii KOHeIHO mnOTe3Y cne)]CTBHII HeJlh3H 6bIJlO HCKJllOshy

lIHTb nOlIHOCThlO HO MeHII OHa He y6eJ]HlIa H yueIIHlICII 3a 3TO H B

3aKJllOqeHHH no o6BHHHTelIhHOMY aKTy HaIIHcan lfIO He TOlIbKO

Tarap HO H )]pYrHe o6BHIDleMble HH B KoeM cnyqae He )]OJlXltHbI

6bITb npHrOBopeHbI K CMepTHOH K83HH 3TO 6bIJlO Bee lITO H MOr

c)]elIan H npe)JllO)lQfJl BbIHeeeM npHroBopbI a nOTOM BpeMII nOKashy

XlteT H qepe3 CKOJlhKO-TO lIeT MbI YlHaeM npaBJJY H He OTpHIIaJI HX

Bp8)K)Je6HOH )]eHTelIhHOCTH H lJ3)I(e He Mor npHBOJ]HTb TaKOro PO)]a

apryMeHTbI HO CMeprHble npHrOBOPbI II ClIHTaJI KpaiiHe BpeJ]HbIMR

)Jllll 3Toro )]eJla OHO 6bIJlO 6bI 3aKPbITO ecnH JlIO~ 6bIJlH 6bI K83shy

HeHbI 3TOro H He XOTelI Hao60poTbull II XOTelI lIT06hI OHH MornH

BepHYTbCH K aKTHBHoii )l(H3HH K CqaCThIO MHe y)JaJ10Cb y6e~Th B

nOM Bepyra nOTOMY lfIO caM II He CMor 6bI OTCTOllTh ny CBOIO

TOlIKy 3peHHJl P83roBOP C BepyTOM 6bDI HelIerKHM H omllCHIIJl

eMY lfIO CMepTHbIe npHrOBopbI HenelIecoo6pa3HbI H60 OHH He cnyshy

)l(8T HaweMY )JeJly a rrpHHOCJIT eMY Bpe)] H HaCTaHBaJI Ha nOM YaK

roplllO H KaTeropHlHO ITO Bepyr B KOHIIe KOHIIOB co MHoii comashy

CHlICII MOXlteT 6hITh no 06UCHIIJlOCh H TeM lITO H TOJlhKO lfIO neshy

peHec 6oJle3Hb )]a K TOMY )ICe 6bIJl HeMHOrO eep~T Ha Bepyra 3a

apeCT fOMYJlKH Bepyr BbI3BaJI POMKOBCKOro H npHKa3aJI eMY

CMepTHbIX npHroBopoB He BbIHOCHTb TOT 6bDI OWeJlOMlIeH 1la H Bee OHH 6bDIH oweJlOMlIeHbI

- 3HaIlUT eU4e KTO-TO KTO

- COBeTHHKH H3 CCCP KOTopble nOT npouecc nOJ]fOTaBlIHshy

BaJIH B paCleTe Ha eepbe3HbIe pe3yJIhTaTbI IIo-MoeMYOHH paCClIHshy

ThIBaJIH Ha 4-S BbIWeK 6bIJIH pa30qapoBaHbI a BeCh MHp 6bIJl

H3YMlIeH 3TO 6bIJl nepBbIH TaKoii npouecc B IIolIbwe nOK83aTelIbshy

Hbm - H HH OJ]Horo cMepTHoro npnrOBQpa XOTH BbIHeeeHHble npHshy

rOBopbI 6bDIH OleHb CYPOBbIMH

qeTbpe nOJICU3HeHHblx

- CY)JhH omawaH rrpHroBop c006IuHlI 0 BH3HTe POMKOBCKOshy

ro K Bepyry raK qro BCII cnaBa AQCTalIaCb eMY - H npaBHlIhHO K

CO)l(aJ1eHHIO npouecc TaTapa 6bIJl HCKlIIOIeHHeM B )]pyrnx BTOposhy

CTerreHHbIX npoueccax ApMHH KpaHOBOii J]aBJleHHe COBeTHHKOB

168 169

r

6bIJIO KpaiiHe BpelJOHOCHbIM H HHIerO He Mor ClJenatb H CMeptshy

HbIX npHrOBopoB 6bIJIO MHOro

BTopocreneHHble np0l4eCCbl 6b1llU 3aKph1TblMU npo6oiJushy

IlUCb 6 TlOpeMHblX KaMepax KaK 6 J1e(jopT060 UIlU Ha J1YWfHKe

B tlOPbMaX HO He B KaMepaX H B cneummbHblX 3anax

YaK itO CPOpManbHble tpe60BaHHH 006nIOlJanHCb 06bHCHHnOCb

itO no lJenaetCH J1IJt 6e30naCHOCtH 3aKnlOIeHHbIX lt06bl HX He

MornH Ot6Hth npH nepeB01Ke B llJaHHe CYlJa CaMS lHaete taKHe

teKCtbl BeerlJa taM BbIlJalOt

Ife TaK IlU nozu6 nOllK06HUK IfUil (noiJnollbHaR KIlUqKa

3MUIlJf fJellbiJop(ja)

TaKoro lJena Jt He npHDOMHHalO

- HHTepeCHO qyTb IlU He KaJlCiJozo U3 6ac Jf 063TOM cnpaUlushy

6alO U HUKTO 3TOU (jaMUIlUU He 3HaeT A eeiJb 3TO 6b1ll zepou MaCUlTashy

t5a OKYIlUItKOZO U FP0Ta-P06eItKozo bull OH 6b1ll KOMaHiJupoM iJushy

6epcuoHHOZO oTiJella APMUU Kpau060u ZOT06U1l nOKYUleHue Ha

Kyqepy U onepaltulO no oC6060JlCiJeHulO Y3HUK06 ApCeHtlIlbCKOU

mpbMbl 6b1ll KOMaHiJupoM opZaHu3altUU lfeT oaqalla ezo

apeCT06a1l IfKBJ U noclQIl 6 Cu6upb a KoziJa OH 6epHYIlCJI ezo

apecr06a1l0 YEo

- ECJ1H OH npHHaJ1Ie)lQUl K KOMaHlJOBaHHlO ApMHH Kpaiioshy

BOH to KOHeIHO ero JJeno paCCMaTpHBanOCb He Ha HH3KOM ypoBHe

Ho MeHH OHO BepoJttHo o60llDIo

- CMepTHblU npUZ060p KOTOPblU OH nOllyqUll 6blHOCUil Tashy

KOU 60T He3a6UCUMblU KaK 6bl CqUTaeTe cyiJ

- Y Bac Bee OleHb npoCTO CYlJ 3aBHCHMbIH HnH He3aBHCHshy

MbIii pa60raet C MatepHanOM KOtOPblH lJalOt eMY cnelJCTBeHHble

bull KOMSHlJHPbl ApMHH KpaAOBOH - llpHMeqaHHe IlepesO)lIHKamp

170

opraHbI OHH CMOrJIH y6e)JHtb BepYTa KOtOPbIH 6YAYtJH IenOBeshy

KOM yMHbIM H nOpAAOIHbIM Bee-YaKH nonHoCtblO nOBepHD B BHHY

CnblxanbCKoro H rOMYJIKH 3HatJHT cnelJCtBHe Morno y6elJHTb

H CYlJ BelJb Ha 3aeelJaHHJtX CYlJa Bee nOlJCY)JHMble qysCtBOBanH

ce6H CKOBaHHO H Hy~H 6bIJI He06bllaiiHo tBeplJbIH xapaKtep

lt06b1 npotHBOCtoJtth lJaBneHHIO CYAamiddot

_ tPellbiJop(j MOqapCKUU KyponecKa J1ex06Uq COXpaHUIlU

TaKOU xapaKTep H iJo KOHlta

- 3toro Jt He 3HaIO 710 BelJb cnyXH KOHeIHO HaWH CYlJbI

6bIJlH lJaneKH OT coBepWeHCtBa Jla H npo6neMa nO-MQeMY 6bIJIa

He B tOM itO 3aeelJaHHJt npoBOIJIDIHCb B TIOpeMHbIX nOMeIlJeHHJtx

a B tOM tJTO cylJbB 6bIJlH 3apasee HaCtpoeHbl npoTHB nOlJCY)JHMbIX

H notOMY He BeerlJa 06beKtHBHbl

- TOllbKO TaKUX 6bl U Ha3HaqallU

- He MIl - COBeTHHKH CYlJeii 6panH H3 cnYlK6 6e30naCHOCtH

KaK H B COBetCKOM COI03e OHH BelJb CBOH MeTOlJb1 CYlJOnpoH3BOlJshy

CtBa npHBHBanH H HaM II03TOMY CYlJb1 CPOpMHPOBanHCb no COBeTeshy

KHM 06pa3IJaM

- OHU U 6blHOCUllU npUZ060pbl

_ IIpHroBopbl BbIHOCHJIHCb B COOtBeTCtBHH C yronoBHblM KOshy

lJeKCOM H laBHeenH OHH ot CteneHH H xapaKtepa BHHbl Mbl BMeWHshy

BanHCb TOObKO B BalKHeHWHX KnIOleBbIX cnyqaJtx B o CtanbHblX Hamiddot

Ka3aHHe onpelJenHJIOCb HopManbHo

- EOJICe MOU

_ CornaeeH no He 6bIJIH HOpManbHble CYlJbI H cylJbH He 6blshy

JIH CJ1HWKOM npoHHIIaTenbHblMH HO BbI lJOnlKHbI nOHHth CYlJbH

lKenanH IeCTHO BblnonHHtb CBOH napTHiiHble 06H3aHHOCtH BbIteshy

KalOIlJHe H3 rOCYlJapCTBeHHOH He06xolJHMOCtH BbI ~ lHaete

KaK lto 6bIBaeT IIHorlJa HHTepeCbI nHtJHOCTH npHXO)JHTCH nolJtJHshy

HHth mnepecaM rOCYlJapCtBa a KorJJa rOCYJJapCtBO nOlJ yrpo30H

171

nOA03pemUI pal~aIOTCll lT06hI npHoaTb HM BHAJMOCTb npaBllOshy

nOA06Hll H He OT~alO 6hmH JIO)(Hhle npHrOBOplgtI B03MO)(HO

ecnH 6hI CYllJgtH 6hmH llpyrHMH MHorHX olIIH60K Yll3J10Ch 6101 H3OOshy

lKaTb Ho TPYllHO 6hmo HaHTH CYlleii KOTopble CMorllH 6101 coxpashy

HHTb JI01lJ1bHOCTb H B OTHomeHHH K HaM H no OTHOmeHHlO K 0OOHshy

H1leMhIM ITO He06xollHMO WIll BhlHeeeHHll cnpaaelJllHBorO npHshy

rOBopa

- Kozoa R CJlbluY U3 YCT BaM no006HbiX CJlOBa cnpaBeoIlUshy

BOCTb paBeHCTBO COijUMU3M R OpOJlC)l OT crpaxa

- (c yn1gtl6KOii) TaK y cnytlHJ10Cb K HeCtlaCTblO ITO Hllell

OKalaJlaCb llHCKpeAJTHpoBaHHoii Ho npoH30IllJ10 3T0 He nOTOMY

ITO ee HCKa3H11H a nOTOMY ITO npH ee ocymeCTBneHHH 6hmH HCshy

nonb30BaHhI MeTOllhI KOTophIe npHBenH K HenpellBHlleHHhIM OTpHshy

QaTenhHIgtIM pelYnbTaTaM ClgtlrpallO ponb TaK)(e HaCTYDJIeHHe pa3shy

nHlHhIX CIUI Bpa)l(lle6HhIX COuHaJlH3MY

- 0 KOHelHO Ho 1lYlUe BepHeMCR K centaKTaM

H He xoqy 000nllTh lleHCTBHTenbHO n030pHhle qaKThl YBhI

TaK nOT MexaHH3M pa60TaJl H TYT 11 HHIero nOllenaTb He Mor Moe

nonO)l(eHHe 6hmo OCOOOHHO TpYllHhIM H60 H COBeTCKHe COBeTHHKH

610mB 60nee H1IH MeHee OCBellOMneHhI 0 TOM KaK CTaJlHH KO MHe

OTHOCHTC1l EC1IH HM oa)l(e 06 3TOM npllMO He rOBOpHllH TO Bee )(e

KaKHM-TO 06palOM HX HaCTpoHnH B TOM CMhIcne ITO co MHOH MO)(shy

HO He ClHTaThCll

- 11 HOR6pR 1952 Z Bbl apeCTOBMU zeHepMa BaijllaBa Koshy

Mapa

HaCTynHno BpeMll Koroa B H3MeHe HalaJlH nOll03peBaTb

A06poBOJIbUeB Cpa)I(aBlIIHXCll B J1cnaHHH B 6aTaJlbOHe HMeHH JlOM6shy

poBcKoro B03HHK UeJIhIH KOMImeKC nOll03peHHH npoTHB OTllena

KOMapa KOTOPhIH B npelllIleCTByroIUHe rollhI 6hm HalaJlbHHKOM

IIITa6a BToporo OTllena BOHcKa llonbcKoro (BoeHHoH palBellKH

llpHMetlaHHe nepeBOlllHKa) OH YKOMImeKTOBaJl 3TOT OTllen maBshy

HhlM 06pa30M CBOHMH OOH3KHMH TOBapHIUaMH B OCHOBHOM llOMshy

6POBQaMH lloITH Bee OHH 610mB YCTpaHeHhI

- To eCTb nOCllJICeHbl

- JIa oa 6hmH apeCTOBaHhl caM BaueK KOMap flellep ()naTO

H Bee BpeM1l npHCMaTpHBaJlCll K HX lleny lT06hI nOCTaBHTh noll

COMHeHHe BbmOllhI KOTophIe BenH K HX OCY)I(lleHHlO Ho II He Mor

oCBo60llHTb HXbull ilJIR 3TOro Y MeHR He 6bmo llOCTaTOlHhIX DaHHhIX

- He 6bllo OoCTaTOlHO ux HeBuHoBHOCTU

HeBHHOBHOCTH 6hmo 6101 llOCTaTOIHO HO ee HallO 6hmO CHamiddot

lalla llOKa3aTb yaK KaK HM npeDhRBn1lJ1H BnonHe KOHKpeTHhle

06BHHeHH1l CeHIaC II He 6yAY 06CY)I(JJ8Tb - MHHMbie HJIH npaBHnbshy

Hhle HO 06BHHeHH1l 610mB B XOlle cnellCTBH1l 3TO HallO 6hmo Blomeshy

HHTb J1 Mbl nlgtlTaJlHCb no BhIRCHHTb

- Bbl3HMU KOMapa lleoepa

- KOHeIHo

- TaK lTO JlCe TYT 6bllO BbIRCHRTb

- BHllHTe nH cxeMhI npaBoa - HenpaBoa sHROBeH He-

BHHOBeH yahl nerKO MeH1llOTC1l B CHTYaII)IH Koroa aTMOCqepa

HaChlIUeHa nOll03peHHRMH H IlOll03peHHR Bee 60nbme nOllOrpeBaIOTshy

C1l H He Mor anpHopHO yYBep)l(JJ8Th ITO Bee 06BHH1leMhle B 1lIIIH0shy

Ha)l(e HeBHHOBHhI Toroa MHe npHnmocb 6101 npellI10nO)I(HTh ITO Bpashy

)l(eCKHe pa3BellKH nepecTaJlH 3aHHMaTbCR llOJIbmeH H JIHKBHllHPOshy

BaJlH CBOlO areHTYPY B CTpaHe a 3TO IlpellI10nO)l(eHHe lHCTU OOeshy

CMhlcnHua llpo6neMa CTaJlO 6hlTb COCT01lJ1a B TOM lT06hl BhmaBshy

lIHBaTb IlOWIHHHhIX areHTOB lT06hl YB pa60TaJlO OO301IIH60IH0

BepoRTHO 6h1BalIH TOlHble IlOIlaDaHHR HO 610mB H 01IIH6KH OllHaKO

Ka)l(llOe lleno HallO 6hmo BhmCHHTb ll0 KOHUamiddot

- ilocpeiJcTBoM nblToK

KOMapa He IlbITaJlH Pa3Be ITO B CMblcne nCHXHIeCKOrO B03shy

lleHCTBHR HO He qH3HIeCKoro HanpHMep nyrallH ITO 6YAYT clleshy

naHhI BhmOllJgt1 B OTHomeHHH eeMbH B o6iueM TaKHe BeIUH KOTophle

172 173

llpaKTHKyroTCH B nHX enyIaJIx 06 H36HeHHHx H He enbIIUaTI Aa H OH

BnoeneACTBHH Ha no He )(3J10BaJICJI

3HaIlUT OH AZflIl H OH U Heoep (JJltlTO U zeHepflllbl Kyposhy

neCKa TaTap Moccop KupxMaiiep CKu6uHCKUU u HaKOHe14 Moshy

lIapcKuii KOTOPblU onucflIl 49 6U006 nbITOK npUMeHeHHblX K HeMY

H lIliTaJI 3TO H CPaKTOB 3THX He OTpHUaID MbI C03AaJIH KOshy

MHCCHID lTIH npoBepKH - 6bIDT HJIH He 6bIDT EbIJlH 06HapY)f(eHbI

CPaKTbI npeBbIWeHHJI BnaCTH H MbI npHHHJ1H MepbI no llHCUHImHHapshy

Hoii nHHHH 3m CAenaJIH MbI TO eCTb EepYT H JI HecKonbKHx OCPHshy

uepoB He noMHIO CKOJIbKHX HaKa3aJIH HXnpHBneKJIH K OTBeTCTBeHshy

Hoem no llHCUHImHHapHOii nHHHH OHH nOJIytlHJIH BbIfOBOPbI HX

OTCTpaHHJIH OT HCIlOJIHeHM CllY)f(e6HbIX 06J13aHHOCTeii Ha HeCKOJIbshy

KO MeCJlueB a TO H Ha nonrOAa CornaceH HaKa3aHHe 6bIJlO 60nbwe

lTIH BHAY tfeM no CYlUeCTBY nOAeiiCTBOBaJIO OHO JIHWb Ha KOPOTshy

Koe BpeMJI CHCTeMbI He H3MeHHJIO H MaWHHa KpYTHJIaCb AaJIbwe

IlpoH30IIDIO TaK nOToMy ITO Bo-nepBblx annapaT roc6e30nacHOCshy

TH CTaJI CTaBHTb ce6JI Hall napTHeii KaK H B COBeTCKOM COID3e OH

Mor MaHHnynHpoBaTb BCeMH HCTOIHHKaMH HHcpopMaUHH H MbIIacshy

TO 6bIJIH npoCTO 6eCCHJIbHbl nepeA HHMH BO-BTOPblX KOHTponb Hall

CTOJIb 3aMKHyTblM KnaHOM KaKHM CTanH opraHbI roc6e30naCHocshy

TH 6bIJ1 KpaiiHe 3aTpYAHeH HX COTPYAHHKH APyr Apyra nOKpbIBashy

nH H AOKa3aTb lITo-nH60 MO)f(HO 6bIJ10 TonbKO eCllH Y Te6J1 6bIJlO Ha

Koro onepeTbCH 3HaIHT KTo-TO AOn)f(eH 6bIJ1 OTKpbITb HX BHYTpeHshy

HHe ceKpeTbI TO eCTb enY)f(e6HbIe TaiiHbI

- H 6-TperbUX 6 bl npeonOllUTflIlU He 3HaTb He npaeoa AU

- HeT Mbl npocm He BepHJIH B TaKoe 3sepCTSO CornaceH

BO3MO)f(H0 MbI 6b1J1H enenbI He SepHJIH CImeTlUIM ClHTaJIH HX

Bpa)f(eCKOii nponaraHAoii nOToMY ITO cnYXOB H Bpa)f(eCKHX H3shy

MbIIIDIeHHii Ha Haw CIeT 6bIJIO MHO)f(eCTBO HaAo AoporaJi naHH

OTAaBaTb ce6e OTtfeT B KaKoii 06CTaHOBKe MbI )f(HJ1H a OHa 6b1J1a

TaKOBa ITO Aa)f(e MHorHe H3 aIlnapaTa roc6e30naCHOCTH B OCOshy

6eHHOCTH nIDllH HAeiiHbIe nOBepHJIH B HeKOTopbIe MHCPbl H neshyreHAb 0 HaBHCWeii yrpo3e H AeiicTBOBaJIH He npoCTO noll BJ1HJlHHeM

COBeTHHKOS H HaIaJIbHHKOB HO no y6e)f(IJeHHID B npaBHJIbHOCTH

penpecCHii

- SOJICe no y6eJICoeHuIO 6blpbl6aTb HOZTU oT6u6aTb nolKU

oepxaTb 6 XOAOOHOii 60oe

EenH 6b JI 3HaJI 06 3TOM TaKHe OCPHUepbl He 3aAep)(3J1HCb

6bI Y MeHJI H nJiTH MHHyT

- TaK Haoo 6bllO nouru 6 TIOPbMY (KPmc) npo6eOaTb C60UX

opY3eu

- 3Toro JI lJeiiCTBHTeJ1bHO He CAenaJI Bo-nepBbIX JI 6bIJI

CBJl3aH B CBOHX nepeABH)f(eHHJlX SO-BTOPbIX JI He OleHb-TO sepHJI

CllyxaM

- Ho He 6yoeTe JlCe 6bl YT6epJICOaTb lTO 6bl He 3HaAU KaK

6ac HeHa6UOJlT

- A Sb AYMaeTe liTO XOTb KTO-TO H3 HaC peWHJICJI Ha nepeBOshy

poT S 06lUeCTBe TOJIbKO nOTOMy ITO ero He nID611T

- qTO 6bl UMeere 6 6UOy

- KOHeIHO M0)f(80 6bIJ10 6bI CKa3aTb noene Hac XOTb no-

Ton HO KOMMYHHCT MblenHT He TaK KOMMYHHCT AOll)f(eH SHAeTb

XOA MHposoro npouecca H nblTaTbCJI H3MeHHTb MHp OH AOn)f(eH OTshy

BellaTb 3a CBOH nOC1)IIIltH H cnaem HaPOA OT KaTaCTpoCPbI

- 3HalUT KOMMYHUCTbl npUHOCJT ce6J1 6 JlCepT6y pOOUHe

- MbI He npHHOCHJIH ce6J1 B )f(epTBY a BblnonHHllH H BbmOJishy

HJleM nepeA Heii CBoii Aonr IlpHlHHa npocTa eCllH 6bI MbI He CTpaAashy

nH TO IlonbWY pa3AaBHJ1H 6b1 B neneWKY (KpH1IHT) He 3HaID

KOrAa 3Ta HCTHHa AoiiAeT AO rOJIOB 3THX MHJIllHOHOB HO KOrAashy

HH6YAb AoiilJeT H OHH nOCTeneHHO nOHMYT OT KaKoii onaCHOCTH MbI

HX y6epernH

174 175

-Ma30XU3M

- nOlJeMY Ma30XH3M

- A ITO JfCe eUje lJaCTb HapOOa nmOeT Ha BaC OPYZt1Jl npoKIlUshy

HaeT a 90 - He XOTJlT Bac

- Hy-HY He 6yoeM ToprOBaThCB HaClJeT npoueHTOB CornaeeH

eCllH 6hl He 6htJIO 3a HaMH npaBoThI HlIH eCJIH 6hl npaBOTa HallIa 6hlshy

na MHHMoii Toroa KOHeIHO MO)lQO 6htJIO 6hl CKa3aTh OHH OO3YMshy

IJh1 Ho 3a HaMH eCTh npaBOTa BnonHe palyMHaJI npasoTa H nepcneKshy

THBa KOTOPyro B Y)ICe He pa3 BaM paCKphman 6htJIa H eCTh peanhHaJI

nepcneKTHBa C 3THM HHt(ero He nooenaeWh a t(TO Hac 6hmo H OCTashy

nOCh HeMHoro Ho HCTOPHJI yqHT t(T0 Beeroa MeHhWHHCTBO cnacaeT

6onhWHHCTBO

- He 3HaHJ ITO Ha 3TO OTBeTUTb bullbullbull MOJfCeT 6blTb nozoBopUM

o Bazueu IlUIHOU JlCU3HU Dbl JICUIlU Ha KIleHOBOu Yllu 14e

- Jla nepBhlii 3Ta)IC oOMa 3aHHMan B BTopoii - liepyr Tpeshy

THii - KaKOe-TO BpeMB lIIBanhOO (KoonepaTHBHhIH oeBTenh B03rnashy

BHlI ry IJaCTh PYKOBooCTBa rrnc KOTOpaB KanHrynHpoBana nepeo

KOMMYHHCTaMH H nomna Ha o6helJHHeHHe C HHMH B nopn - npHshy

MeIJaHHe nepeBoolHKa) Y MeHJI 6htJIO t(eThlpe KOMHaThl H oOBonhHO

npHBTHaJI npHXogtICaJI B 1954 r MHe )]anH oaqy B KOHCTaHTHHe MOB

oa1Ja CTOMa PJI)lOM Coat(eii PaoKeBHIJa HanpoTHB oa1lK liepyra qYTh

oanhwe CTOM oOM MHHIJa gtKH3Hh B Ben cnoKoiiHlO BCTaBan B BOshy

eeMh HHoroa B nonBochMoro 3asTpaKan BMecre C gtKeHoii H Mhl 000

exanH Ha pa60ry gtKeHa B I1HCTHTyr peBMaTonorHH Ha CnapTaHCKOii

B - B UK HlIH B COBeT MHHHCTPOB Ha oeBBThlii 3Ta)IC Y HaC 6hma

oOMaWHBJI pa60THHna

- llpUCIlaHHtVl

- KOHeIHo B MHHHCTepCTBe rocOO30DaCHOCTH 6hDI OToen

OXpaHhI llIeHOB npaBHTenhCTBa OH oneKan Beex Koro eM) 6hDIO noshy

pyt(eHO OXpaHJITh 3TOT OToen OpraHH30Bhman HaW OTruIX H CJIyshy

)lCe6HhIe nOe3lJKH npHchman ooMpa60THHu H HalHat(an oXpaHy Y MeHJI 6hDIO 4-5 qenOBeK KOTophle CMeHBnH opyr opyra Kpyrnhle

CYIKH Bee OHH HMenH onpeoeneHHhle 06B3aHHOCTH

- KTO ux Ha3Hal(Jll

- Bhl Be)lh nOHHMaeTe OHH MHe He oOKna)lhIBanH (Yllw6Ka)

- Ho Bbl JfCe 6blllU ux Hal(JllbCTBOM

- 3TO HeBa)lQO OHH co6HpanH HH$OPMaUHIO 060 MHe H 060

Bcex KTO 6hm noo HX oneKoii TO eCTh 060 Beex HaIlHHaJI C MHHHCTshy

POB H Kyoa-TO ee nepeoaBanH Koroa qenOBeK 6hmaer Ha pa60Te

KTO ero nocewaeT OnHaKO palrOBopoB OHH CJIhIllIaTh He MornH

nOToMy t(T0 CHoenH B KOpHoOpe B nepelJHeii a neTOM - nepeo

oOMOM

- Ho He B KBaprupe

- HeT BHe oOMa HO B npeoenax oOCBraeMOCTH Mbl-TO palroshy

BapHBanH TonbKO B 3aKphIThIX Ka6HHeTax

- llOOCIlYZUUBaHUJl He 6blllO

- He )lyMalO MegtKoy TpeMJI H qeTblPbMJI B exan ooMoii 000shy

oan C )lCeHoii H oot(ephlO H B03BpawancB B UK I1Horoa npHe3gtKan

ooMoii YgtJCHHaTb HO t(awe MHe B Ka6HHeT npHcbmanH 6YTep6poohl

Ka6HHeT no cymecTBY)lBa (OlJHH B COBeTe MHHHCTpoB opyroii - B

UK) 6hDI Y MeHB 6onhWOii 60nhwe 3TOii KOMHaThI llBa Tene$oHa

0)lHH 06hlt(Hhlii ropoocKoii opyroii - Bq cneUHanbHwH no KOTOshy

POM) MO)ICHO 6htJIO 3aKa3hmaTh pa3roBophI C MOCKBOii npBMoro

Tene$OHa He 6hmo OH 6hm He HY)lCeH CBB3b qepe3 Bq oaBanaCh

HeMell)leHHO CTanHH BBen pegtICHM pa60ThI KOTOPhIH 6hDI 06B3amiddot

TenhHhlM no BeeM) COBeTCKOM) COlO3Y H no BceM) COIJJIareplO

CHoenH B KOHTOpaX 00 n03lJHeii HOIH CTanHH 06hIlHO HaIHHan pashy

60Tan B weCTb Beqepa MegtKoy weCThlO H nOnHOt(bIO a TO H t(aCOM

HOlIK OH CBB3hmanCB CO BeeMH n03TOMY Bee KTO Mor eM) noHalJOshy

6HTbCB HnH OTBeTHTb Ha Bonpoc )IC)lanH ero 3BOHKa nOHHMaJI t(T0

OH MO)ICeT n03BOHHTh B nlO6yro MHHry

- 3HalUT cuoenu 6 OJfCUOaHUU 360HKa

176 177

Mhl He CHlenH 003 lena BhmonIDllIH CBOIO paGoTY TOxre

3BOHHJIH pa3HhlM nIOlJIM B ysepeHHOCTH IJTO KagtlClUgtlH CHlHT Ha Mecshy

Te 3HaR 1fI0 H HM Moryr n03BOHHTb 33larb Bonpoc HllH nepeshy

)]arb HH4gtOPMa~IO

- no eOCKpeCeHbRM TOJICe

- HeT B BocKpeeeHhe Y IlIeHOB nonHToIOpo ohIBanH lpyxrecshy

KHe BCTpeltH H B OCHOBHOM BCTpeltanCR C IlIeHaMH Haweii TpoiiKH -

EepyroM H MwmeM XOlHnH lpyr K lPYry Ha y)KHHhl Ha 0OOlh1

Ha IJaii JIeToM 0hD10 Gomwe CBoGollHoro B peMeHH H MhI MornH

XOlHTh Ha nporynKH B KOHCTaHTHHe HO HeuaneKO B npelenax Hashy

weii 3aKPhlroii teppHTOpHH Ho H BO BpeMR nporynoK MhI 3aHHMashyJIHCh ThlCRIJeii len HalO npH3HaTh Hawa ltaCTHU )KH3Hh OhIna OOlshy

HOBaTa

CnYI(JJlOCb 6aM pan06apUeaTb OPY2 c 0PY20M 00 apecTOshyeaHHblX T06apUJfOX

- Bce nOHHManH onaCHOCTb nonoxreHHR B leKaope 1952 r

npoI1llIH JJBa CTp3llIHhlX npouecca B MOCKBe 23 CMepTHbIX npHroBoshy

pa 3a KOCMOnOnHTH3M (0 TaKOM npouecee HHIJero He H3BeCTHO B03shy

MO)KHO HMeeTCR B BHAY Ka3Hh eBpeiicKHX KynbtypHhIX H nOnHTHshy

lJeCKHX leRTeneii KOTOPYIO npHHRTO )]aTHpoBaTh 12 asryCTa

1952 r - ITpHMeIJaHHe nepeBOl1JHKa) B ITpare - 11 B TOM ItHcne

CnaHCKOMY H KneMeHTHcy 14 mmapR 1953 r OhI1l0 ony6nHKoBaHo

coooIIIeHHe 0 paCKphITHH 3arOBOpa KpeMneBCKHX BpaIJeii 1fI0 npelshy

BeIIIano OIJepellHYIO GonhWYIO ItHcmy CHOBa HaJJBHranaCh rpo3a

Ko MHe npHwen 3HrMYHT MOl3eneBCKHii (BeTepau KOMnapshy

THH HCTOPHK H lHnnOMaT IlIeH UK - ITpHMeltaHHe nepeBOlItHKa)

1tT00hI noroBopHTh 0 lene rpynnhl KOMapa OCOOOHHO 0 JIelepe

KOToporo OH 3Han C lOBOeHHhIX BpeMeH H lPyxcHl1 CHHM eeMMIMH

JIelep caM OhIn ChIHOM BHlHorO leRTenR KITIT Crrywaii - CKa3an

II eMY eeiiltac II HHIJerO Clenau He MOry TaKOe yxc nonoxceHHe

Ho II reOO 0OOIIIam qro IJepe3 rOl-nonTOpa MHe y)]aCTCR HX KaK-TO

BhlTaIIIHU Ii yuanOCb

- Ho He TaK yJIC ObICTpo 5 MapTa nepecTaIlo OUTbCR cep014e

178

60JICOR IletlOeelieCTea oceo60ouTetIR nOflbCK020 HtlpOoa KOTOPblU O(JJl HaM ceo60oy Oblll HaM eceM OT140M eelUK020 Cr(JJlUHtl

- H no nOWlTHhlM npHItHHaM Ha noxopoHhl He noexan

- U HaCT(JJlO epeMR CaMblX TRJlCetlbIX OflR HapoOa COObITUU Hal(JJlocb epooe Obi He6UHHO CHaIl(JJla 7 MapTa nepeUMeHOe(JJlU

KaTOeU14e e CT(JJlUH02PYO

3ro OhInO myno H B03lepXCanCR np ronOCOBaHHH

- DbiflO 20flocoeaHue

-EhInO

- 3TO OblllO npeoflOJICeHUe DepYTa

-He nOMHIO

- A KTO Oblll 3a

- ITpeunoxceHHe nponmo OonhlIIKHCTBOM ronOCOB TaK IJTO

CItHTaTh tyT Heqero B TaKHX cnYIJaJlx MoryT ChlrpaTh ponh cnyqaiio

Hhle oocToRrenhcma HecymeCTBeHHhle He BhlTeKamIIIHe H306IIIeii

HleH Mory Bac Bee xre YTenmTh qro C Moeii nOMOIIIhIO yuanOCb

cnYCTHTh Ha ropM03ax coopyxreHHe naMITJHKa CTanHHY nepel

llB0puoM KynbtyphI H HaYlH

- nOTOM ObflU YOUTbl 19 nOflbCKUX ocentu14epoe U3 91 npu20shyeopeHH020 K cMepmou Ka3HU 6 npeOblOYJfUe 200bl

- H He xoqy 00 3TOM rOBopHTh 3TO ohma CKBepHaR HCTOPHR

KOTOpIUI MOxreT npelCTaBHTh B MOXOM CBeTe Eepyra OH OhIn onaroshypollHhIM IJenOBeKOM H TonhKO 6JIaroAaPll eMY BhI Boo6IIIe co MHoii

ceiiqac pa3roBapHBaeTe TaK IJTO BbIlJepKHHTe TO IJTO II BaM ceiiqac

paccKaxcy H OhIn B EenhBelepe (TOrAaWWlR pe3HleHUHR EepyTa

KaK npe3HleHTa rocYAapcTBa - ITpHMeqaHHe nepeBol1JHKa) wen

no KOPHlOPY H TyT OH MeHlI ocraHOBHn Cnywaii - roBOPHT - II

179

TeOO l)lM 3m oeJIa IIpollHTaH nOJJyMaH H nOCOBeTYH lT0 MHe C

HHMH AeJIaTIgt H eMY OTBeTHJI JI 3m JJeJIa He B03bMY MHe H3BeCTHO

KaK OHH cpa60TaHbl HHKaKOrO aHaJIH3a JI npoBecm He cMory Bee

coeJIaHO TaK lT0 BblllHTaTb H3 HHX Hlero HeB03MO)I(H0 06 OJJHOM

TeM TOJIbKO npomy - He l)lBaH CMepTHblX npHrOBopoB nOKa JJeJIO

He 3aKpblTO MO)I(HO erue lTO-TO BbIJICHHTb a lenOBeK Bee-TaKH

)IQIB EcnH l)l)Ke HeCKOJIbKO JIeT nOCTpal)leT y Hero eCTb maHc BbIshy

)(HTb BepHyJICJI JI AOMOH H l)l)l(e yrpbl3eHHJI coBecm nOttyBCTBOBaJI

MOlKeT 6blJI0 6b1 JIyqrne eCJIH 6bl IJ B3M 3m nanKH Ho coeJIaTb -TO

HHlerO 6blJI0 HeJIb3J1 TaM BeAlgt 6hIJIH CBHoereJIbCKHe nOKa3aHHJI

npH3HaHHII BHMbI Bee oTpa60TaHO H npHrHaHO He 3a lT0 6blJI0 6bl

3auenHTbCJI H Mor 6b1 HanupaTIgt JIHmb Ha MOpaJIbHyIO cropoHy

oeJIa lT0 JIYlJIIle MOO Bpy6HTb 60nblllHe CPOKH HO He CMepTHbie

npHrOBopbl K CO)l(aJIeHHIO Bepyr MeHIJ He nocnymaJI Peroco cnyshy

JaJIOCb IT06bl OH He nocnyman Moero COBeTa HO BOT cnYllHJIOCb

OH K CO)KaJIeHHIO CJIHlllKOM BepHJI B 3m 6YMarH

- H HOKOHell npUUllO OiepeOb llepK6u 23 ceHTJl6pJl 1953 z

nOClle cepuu HanaOOK 6 nelOTU U npOlleCC06 C6JlUleHHUK06 6bll

opeCT060H npUMOC RbIUlUHCKUU

- H 3TOMY npOmBHJICR HO He CMor nOBJIHRTb HacrOJIbKO lT0shy

6bl peweHHe 6b1JIO OTMeHeHO Bo06IUe-TO HaMelaJICJI He apecr a HHshy

repHHpoBaHHe B MOHaCTbIPb TO ecrb B JIYlWHe ycnOBHR Ho oeIllJIH

He HMeJIH 3HaleHHII - Bee no 6b1JIO OOccMblcneHHo Bbl )Ke 3Haere

B nOJIHmleCKHX Hrpax JJeJIaIOT pa3JIHlHble XOJJbI He Bcerlla YllaIHble

H YMHble Apecr npHMaca R OTHOWY K llBHO HeYMHbIM XOllaM coeshy

JIaJIH H3 BbIWHHCKoro erue oJJHoro MyqeHHKa H BMecro Toro lT0shy

6bl ocna6Hrb UePKOBb YKpelUUlH ee

- A n) oUlu6KY KTO coeepUlUll

- Bepyr

Ee3 nOMOUlu opY3eu

- Be3 ApecT npHMaca 6blJI0 HalllHM peweHHeM pemeHHeM

HalllHX BJIacreii a KOHKpeTHO - BepYTa raK KaK UePKOBb 6blJIa

B ero KOMDereHUHH lleJIo lllJIO He 0 KaKoii-TO MeJIOllH a 0 npHMaee

B KaTOJIHIeCKOii CTpaHe Ho Haoo nOHHMan ITO B nOM cnyqae

HMenaCb B BHAY He JIHlHOCTb npHMaca a caMa UepKOBb

- Rbi XOTetlU ee Pa3PYUlUTb

Mbl l)l)l(e H He nbITaJIHCb - Ha 3TO He 6blJI0 HHKaKHX maHshy

COB Ho Bcerl)l 000 CTOpoHbl cTapalOTCJI nOOYllHTb KaK MO)I(HO 6onbshywe K03blpeH KaTOJIHIeCKaR UePKOBb pe3Ko paclllHpHJIa CBoe BJIHJIshy

HHe H HaM HaAO 6b1JIO TaK HJIH HHaIe Ha 3TO OTBeTHTb Ha peweHHe

Bepyra nOBJIHJlJIa TaKlKe H 06ruaR CHTYanHIJ COBnaoeHHe HeCKOObshy

KHX He6naronpHlJTHbIX 06cr0IJTeJIbCTB C OJJHOH crOPOHbl erue npH

)(H3HH CTaJIHHa 6b1JIH HaMeqeHbl aKlJHH no AHCKpeAHTanHH UepKBH

C ApyrOH crOPOHbl B 1953 r CTaJIO JlCHO lT0 tBH)KeHHe CBJlrueHshy

HHKOB-naTpHOTOB H IIaKC (opraHH3auHIJ CBeTCKHX KaTOJIHshy

KOB HHcnHpHpoBaHHaJI npaBHreJIbCTBOM - IIpHMelaHHe nepeBOoshy

lIHKa) He CMOryT coeplKaTb aKTHBHocm UepKBH

- C6JlUleHHUK06-nOTpUOToe TO eCTb Tex KOTopble XOTetlU

p036uTb llepK06bU3HYTpU

- HeT OHH K 3TOMY He crpeMHJIHCb TaKoe oeno 6blJI0 06peshy

leHO Ha HeyllalY BMecre C JIaKCOM OHH nblTaJIHCb C03llaTb omIOshy

3HDH1O BHYTPH UepKBH UeHTP KOTOPblH Mor 6bl 3aMeHHTb B cnyqae

Hao06Hocm UePKOBHblX JIHJJePOB Ha neperoBOpax C rocyllapshy

CTBOM H B TO )l(e BpeMR orpaHHlHTb MacwTa6b1 JJeRTeJIbHOcm

UepKBH H ee arpeCCHBHOCTb H60 Mbl paCCMarpHBaJIH UePKOBb KaK

opraHH3anHlO nYCTb He llBCTBeHHO nOJIHmleCKyro HO HaCTpoeHshy

HyIO HeA06po)KeJIaTeJIbHO no OTHOWeHHIO K CTpolO H K 00360)1(shy

HblM HoeRM KOTopble C HHM CBJl3aHbI OJJHaKO Mbl oOJIroe BpeMJI

OCOOOHHO AO 1947 r XOreJIH npHBJIelb uepKoBb Ha CBOIO CTOPOHY

B nepsylO OlepeAlgt - BepYlOlllHx

roeOPJl nonpocTY nOOlUHUTb

- Her HeT Mbi CTOJlJIH Ha n03HUHJlX MHPOB033peHleCKOshy

ro nJIlOpaJIH3Ma npH3HaHHIJ 3a rpalKAaHaMH a6COJIIOTHOH CB060shy

obl COBeCTH MbI He co6HpanHCb MemaTb UepKBH B BblDOJIHeHHH

180 181

TeOO l)lM 3m oeJIa IIpollHTaH nOJJyMaH H nOCOBeTYH lT0 MHe C

HHMH AeJIaTIgt H eMY OTBeTHJI JI 3m JJeJIa He B03bMY MHe H3BeCTHO

KaK OHH cpa60TaHbl HHKaKOrO aHaJIH3a JI npoBecm He cMory Bee

coeJIaHO TaK lT0 BblllHTaTb H3 HHX Hlero HeB03MO)I(H0 06 OJJHOM

TeM TOJIbKO npomy - He l)lBaH CMepTHblX npHrOBopoB nOKa JJeJIO

He 3aKpblTO MO)I(HO erue lTO-TO BbIJICHHTb a lenOBeK Bee-TaKH

)IQIB EcnH l)l)Ke HeCKOJIbKO JIeT nOCTpal)leT y Hero eCTb maHc BbIshy

)(HTb BepHyJICJI JI AOMOH H l)l)l(e yrpbl3eHHJI coBecm nOttyBCTBOBaJI

MOlKeT 6blJI0 6b1 JIyqrne eCJIH 6bl IJ B3M 3m nanKH Ho coeJIaTb -TO

HHlerO 6blJI0 HeJIb3J1 TaM BeAlgt 6hIJIH CBHoereJIbCKHe nOKa3aHHJI

npH3HaHHII BHMbI Bee oTpa60TaHO H npHrHaHO He 3a lT0 6blJI0 6bl

3auenHTbCJI H Mor 6b1 HanupaTIgt JIHmb Ha MOpaJIbHyIO cropoHy

oeJIa lT0 JIYlJIIle MOO Bpy6HTb 60nblllHe CPOKH HO He CMepTHbie

npHrOBopbl K CO)l(aJIeHHIO Bepyr MeHIJ He nocnymaJI Peroco cnyshy

JaJIOCb IT06bl OH He nocnyman Moero COBeTa HO BOT cnYllHJIOCb

OH K CO)KaJIeHHIO CJIHlllKOM BepHJI B 3m 6YMarH

- H HOKOHell npUUllO OiepeOb llepK6u 23 ceHTJl6pJl 1953 z

nOClle cepuu HanaOOK 6 nelOTU U npOlleCC06 C6JlUleHHUK06 6bll

opeCT060H npUMOC RbIUlUHCKUU

- H 3TOMY npOmBHJICR HO He CMor nOBJIHRTb HacrOJIbKO lT0shy

6bl peweHHe 6b1JIO OTMeHeHO Bo06IUe-TO HaMelaJICJI He apecr a HHshy

repHHpoBaHHe B MOHaCTbIPb TO ecrb B JIYlWHe ycnOBHR Ho oeIllJIH

He HMeJIH 3HaleHHII - Bee no 6b1JIO OOccMblcneHHo Bbl )Ke 3Haere

B nOJIHmleCKHX Hrpax JJeJIaIOT pa3JIHlHble XOJJbI He Bcerlla YllaIHble

H YMHble Apecr npHMaca R OTHOWY K llBHO HeYMHbIM XOllaM coeshy

JIaJIH H3 BbIWHHCKoro erue oJJHoro MyqeHHKa H BMecro Toro lT0shy

6bl ocna6Hrb UePKOBb YKpelUUlH ee

- A n) oUlu6KY KTO coeepUlUll

- Bepyr

Ee3 nOMOUlu opY3eu

- Be3 ApecT npHMaca 6blJI0 HalllHM peweHHeM pemeHHeM

HalllHX BJIacreii a KOHKpeTHO - BepYTa raK KaK UePKOBb 6blJIa

B ero KOMDereHUHH lleJIo lllJIO He 0 KaKoii-TO MeJIOllH a 0 npHMaee

B KaTOJIHIeCKOii CTpaHe Ho Haoo nOHHMan ITO B nOM cnyqae

HMenaCb B BHAY He JIHlHOCTb npHMaca a caMa UepKOBb

- Rbi XOTetlU ee Pa3PYUlUTb

Mbl l)l)l(e H He nbITaJIHCb - Ha 3TO He 6blJI0 HHKaKHX maHshy

COB Ho Bcerl)l 000 CTOpoHbl cTapalOTCJI nOOYllHTb KaK MO)I(HO 6onbshywe K03blpeH KaTOJIHIeCKaR UePKOBb pe3Ko paclllHpHJIa CBoe BJIHJIshy

HHe H HaM HaAO 6b1JIO TaK HJIH HHaIe Ha 3TO OTBeTHTb Ha peweHHe

Bepyra nOBJIHJlJIa TaKlKe H 06ruaR CHTYanHIJ COBnaoeHHe HeCKOObshy

KHX He6naronpHlJTHbIX 06cr0IJTeJIbCTB C OJJHOH crOPOHbl erue npH

)(H3HH CTaJIHHa 6b1JIH HaMeqeHbl aKlJHH no AHCKpeAHTanHH UepKBH

C ApyrOH crOPOHbl B 1953 r CTaJIO JlCHO lT0 tBH)KeHHe CBJlrueHshy

HHKOB-naTpHOTOB H IIaKC (opraHH3auHIJ CBeTCKHX KaTOJIHshy

KOB HHcnHpHpoBaHHaJI npaBHreJIbCTBOM - IIpHMelaHHe nepeBOoshy

lIHKa) He CMOryT coeplKaTb aKTHBHocm UepKBH

- C6JlUleHHUK06-nOTpUOToe TO eCTb Tex KOTopble XOTetlU

p036uTb llepK06bU3HYTpU

- HeT OHH K 3TOMY He crpeMHJIHCb TaKoe oeno 6blJI0 06peshy

leHO Ha HeyllalY BMecre C JIaKCOM OHH nblTaJIHCb C03llaTb omIOshy

3HDH1O BHYTPH UepKBH UeHTP KOTOPblH Mor 6bl 3aMeHHTb B cnyqae

Hao06Hocm UePKOBHblX JIHJJePOB Ha neperoBOpax C rocyllapshy

CTBOM H B TO )l(e BpeMR orpaHHlHTb MacwTa6b1 JJeRTeJIbHOcm

UepKBH H ee arpeCCHBHOCTb H60 Mbl paCCMarpHBaJIH UePKOBb KaK

opraHH3anHlO nYCTb He llBCTBeHHO nOJIHmleCKyro HO HaCTpoeHshy

HyIO HeA06po)KeJIaTeJIbHO no OTHOWeHHIO K CTpolO H K 00360)1(shy

HblM HoeRM KOTopble C HHM CBJl3aHbI OJJHaKO Mbl oOJIroe BpeMJI

OCOOOHHO AO 1947 r XOreJIH npHBJIelb uepKoBb Ha CBOIO CTOPOHY

B nepsylO OlepeAlgt - BepYlOlllHx

roeOPJl nonpocTY nOOlUHUTb

- Her HeT Mbi CTOJlJIH Ha n03HUHJlX MHPOB033peHleCKOshy

ro nJIlOpaJIH3Ma npH3HaHHIJ 3a rpalKAaHaMH a6COJIIOTHOH CB060shy

obl COBeCTH MbI He co6HpanHCb MemaTb UepKBH B BblDOJIHeHHH

180 181

ee peJIHIH03HblX $HKUHH a no KaK BaM H3BeCTHO n03HUHH

COBepweHHO npoTHBOnOJIOJKHaH TOH lITO npHHIlJlH HaWK coceIJH

MbI He XOTeJIH BOeBaTb C uepKOBblO He XOTeJIH coBepwaTb noCTyIlshy

KOB HenpHHTHbIX H HeYMHblX

BHaIaJIe HaM 3TO ynaBaJIOCb focynapcmeHHble AeHTeJIH

yqaCTBOBaJIH B npoueCCHHX B npa3IJHHK TeJIa XpHCTOBa UePKOBHble

Hepapxn - B UepeMOHHHX OTKpblTHH HOBbIX llIKOJI H 3aBOAOB OAshy

HaKO C TeJeHHeM BpeMeHH H C o60cTpeHHeM Me)K)lyHapoAHOH 06shy

CTaHOBKH BbIJIHBWeHCH B XOJIOAHYIO Bonuy HaWK OTHOWeHHJI C

UepKOBblO H3MeHHJIHCb ITO npHBeJIO K HCKa)((eHHIO Hawux nepBOshy

HaJaJIbHbIX nnaHOB Erue B 1950 r Mbl nbITaJIHCb npHHTH K comashy

weHHIO H nOAfiHCaJIH C BbIWKHCKHM OqeHb xopoWHii AOKYMeHT

(IacTHlHo nOTOM H3MeHeHHbIii) KOTOPblH CblrpaJI nOJIO)((HTeJIbHYIO

POJIb npaBna He HaAOJIro H60 ero He Bcerna K CO)((aJIeHHIO C06nIOshy

AaJIH

- rllaeHblM 06pa30M - ebl ITO OOK03bleaeT AHOJICeU MU14eecshyKUU (e KHuze HaKC U 3HaK)

- 3TO 06blllHO lITO Ka)(()laJl CTOpoHa HMeeT npereH3HH K APYshy

ron AQKa3bffiaJI ITO OHa-TO BeJIa ce6H 6e3ynpelH0 Ho 3TO HeB03shy

MO)((HO TaK KaK petIh HAeT 06 orpoMHbIX Maccax JIIOAeH 0 )((HBOM

OpraHH3Me COCTOHrueM H3 MHo)((eCTBa JIHlIHOCTen C pa3JIHlHbIMH

TeMnepaMeHTaMH B3mHnaMH H HaCTpoeHHHMH Y Hac 6bIJIH npeTeHshy

30H K HHM a Y HHX - K HaM H H He MOry 06BHIDtTb B 3TOM npHMashy

ca BbIWHHCKoro KOTOpbIii 6bIJI JeJIOBeKOM WKpoKHX B3mHAOB

ueHHJI 3aKJIIOJeHHoe C HaMH COrJIaWeHHe H MHe Ka)((eTCH Hennoxo

OTHOCHJICH K Bepyry TaK qTO Bepyr Mor 6bI C HUM AorOBOpHTbCJI

Ho H BbIWHHCKHH He Mor nOBJIHHTb Ha TO lITO rOBopHT TOT HJIH

HHon CBmueHHHK HJIH ellHCKon

- 3a ITO ezo KOHKpemo apecToeanu

- 3TH penpecCHH (H comaceH lITO OHH 6bVlH HeYMHbIMH)

BbITeKaJIH H3 06rueH CHTyaUHH HX HaAO BHAeTb B nOJIHOM KOHshy

TeKCTe C06b1THn Qepe3 HeCKOJIbKO MeCJlUeB nocne cMepTH CTaJIHHa

B HIOHe npoH30IllJIH H3BeCTHbIe C06bITHH B f llP H BepnHHcKoe

BOCCTaHHe Koe-KTo Y HaC TO)((e HatJaJI BepHTb B nepeMeHbI B TO qTO

KapTa EBponbI MO)((eT H3MeHUTbCJI npOH30IllJIa KOHCOJIHDaUHH

H aKTHBH3auHH onn03HUHOHHbIX rpynn BepYT nbITaJICJI HX nonashy

BHIb

- KTO eMY nOMozan

- Ma3YP H nlOHa BpHCTHrep KOTOpaH co6Hpana JJUI Hero

HH$OpMauHlO no JIHHHH MHHUCTepcma rocynapcmeHHoH 6e30nacshy

Hoem

- He OHa IlU Toeoa zOToeUila nOKa3QTeIlbHblU np014eCC enUCKOshyna Kelle14Koeo qeCllaea KaIMapeKll OCYxOeHHOzo KQK U MHozue CeJluteHHUKU 3a UmUOHaJIC

- He JJyMaIO XOTH BepoHTHO OHa 6bIJIa 3HaKOMa C 3THM ]Ieshy

JIOM OHO 6bIJIO B ee KOMneTeHUHH B03MO)((H0 qTO OHa rOTOBHJIa

HeKOTopble AOKYMeHTbl AJIH cneACTBeHHOrO OTAeJIa rAe KaK BbI

3HaeTe CHAeJI PY)((8HCKHH 3AeCb ee HH$OpMauHJI B TOM llHcne

H HenOJIHaJI H HeTOlHaJI npoBepJlllaCb my6)((e HHorna MeTonaMH

He cnHWKOM AOCTOHHbIMH H H3 Hee AeJIaJIHCb re HJIH HHble BbIBOAbl

Mbl KaK Bbl 3HaeTe PY)((8HCKOrO CHJlJIH

- Hy oaneKO He cp03y

- fOAOM n03)((e nocne OKTH6pbCKoro nneHYMa

- A TaKJlCe noclle 6ezcTea CeJlTIlO U eeo nepeOal no paouo Ceo60oHaJf Eepona He TaK IlU

- PaHee Mbl He pacnOJIaraJIH npJlMblMH AOKYMeHTHpoBaHHblshy

MH YJIHKaMH KOTopbIe AaJIH 6bI OCHOBaHHe AJIJI CHJlTHJI Py)((aHCKOshy

ro C nOCTa

- Oa HY BeOb 0 eeo oellax 3Hana Iyn IlU He eCJl HOIlbUla

- nereH)lb1 0 qbeM-TO ca1JH3Me MOfYT 6blTb npauAHBbIMH

HO Moryr 6bITb H HeBepHbIMH H 3JIOHaMepeHHbIMH ECJIH 6bI H 06 3TOM 3HaJI flJITH MHHyT 6bIbullbullbull

182 183

- A PailKe6uI 3TOT 6poiJe 6b noPJlOOlHbU IUIl00eKbullbullbull

- HeCOMHeHHO

- nOleMy OH 31UM He nOUHTepeC06Q1lCJI

06 H36HeHHJlX H yace roBOpHJl Mbl orKphDlH HeCKonhKO

AHCWUUJHHapHhIX pen 113 cnepcmeHHoro annapara KOrophlM pyshy

KOBOAHJl Py)J(aHCKHH ro)J(e 6hDlH YAaneHM HeCKOJlhKO qenOBeK

fI BOBce He ymep)l()J8IO ITO Bee npoHCXODHBmee 6hDIO npeKpaCshy

HMM HasepHoe He HallO 6hDlO PO)J(HAaThCH nOKa HaKonHTCH

CTOJlhKO MarepHana npoTHB Py)J(aHCKOro HaPO 6hDlO peHCmOBaTh

paHhme H peillHrenhHeH CHaqana MhI ero nepeBenH Ha nocr AHpeKshy

TOpa fOCH3Aara Ho qepe3 HeCKOJlhKO MeClIIeB KorAa HaKOIIHJlOCh

CTonhKO o6BHHeHHii qro npHumoch ero apeCTOBaTh OH 6hDI npHBnemiddot

qeH K yronoBHOH omerCmeHHOCTH 3ro npoH30umo eme KorAa H

6hDI Ha nocry TorAa ace MhI HaqanH nepeCMarpHBarh Bee pena B

oco6eHHocm re KoropMe Bena BOeHHaH KOHTppa3BepKa raM Hashy

KOIIHJlaCh Macca qenyXH eme 6onhme qeM B YE I1taK Hacrano

BpeMII 0 KOTOPOM II roBOPHJl MOll3eneBcKoMy H HMeHHO II Qepe3

Bepyra ycrpoHJl C031gtIB cneIJHanhHOH KOMHCCHH C yqaCTHeM OxaGa

)lJlll nepeCMorpa ~n Korophle Bena BOeHHall KOHrppa3BepKa

- KOMUCCUIO 6b C030a1lU nOTOMy ITO ZeHepQIl KOMap npu3shy

HQIlCJI 60 ZIla6e umUOHCKOU ce1U 6 KOTOPOU OH pa60TfJll CTOJlIlU

EepYT U Ma3YP

o Bepyre He cnhIllan BO BCHKOM cnyqae HaM )Toro He

C006LUHJlH MO)J(er 6h1Th ytaHJlH Ho KOMap peHcmHrenhHo )J(enaH

BMropoAHTh ce6ll cran rOBOpHTh rnynoCTH a 3areM o6BHHIITh Bcex

nollpIIA

-H6ac

- MeHJI Ka)J(erCII Her )lo MeHII HHlero He lloumo MO)J(er

6hITh He xorena MeHJI rporaTh KOMap HalBan Ma3Ypa 3asallCKorO

Mop3eneBcKoro Beex noppllp lJepe3 MHoro ner MbI BCTpemnHCh Ha Knap6HLUe (Koro ronhKo

He BCTpeTHillh Ha noxopoHax) OH nopomen KO MHe H cnpoCHJl

He llepy nH JI Ha Hero ma 38 ro ITO OH Ha3Ban 3TH HMeHabull fI orshy

BeTHJl eMy Iro MyllpeUM rOBOpIIT XOleillh Koro-ro ynpeKHYTh

npepCtaBh ee611 Ha ero Mecre bull fI ce611 B moeM nonO)J(eHHH npepcTamiddot

BHTh He MOry n03ToMY II He Mory eepAHThCJI 3a ro ITO Thl penan

rnynoCTH Mory TonhKO CKa3aTh ITO Thl ~nan HX H K TOMy

ace y)J(aCHhIe rpyllHO 6hDlO npeABHpeTh K KaKHM nocnepCTBHIIM

)lJlll Ha3BaHHhlX ro60H nIO~H 3TO npHBeper

Co CTOpoHM BaueKa o6BHHeHHe lneHOB nonHroIOpo B 1lllIH0shy

Haace 6hDlO OTIaHHHOH nOnhITKOH CBecm Bee cnellCTBHe K a6cypshy

JJY OH BepollTHO xoren lT06M Ha ero lleno B3rnJlHYnH no-llpyshy

roMy Ho TaKHe paCqeThl poBonhHO PHCKOBaHHhI H Moryr npHBecm

nHillh K HOBhIM 6epaM

KOMHCCHIO Mhl C031JanH He3aBHCHMO or npH3HaHHH KOMapa

noroMy ITO YMep CranHH H n03rOMY HaqanCII nepeCMOrp Bcex llen

- KOMUCCUJI 6bllla c030aHa 60npeKU POKOCC06CKOMY

- KOHeIHO BeAfgt OH 6hDI aenocpellCTBeHHMM HalanhHHKOM

BoeHHOH KOHTppa3BepKH

- OH COnp01U6IlMCJI

- HaBepHOe OH He 6hW poBOJleH Brop)J(eHHeM B ero pena HO

oH He npoTeCTOBan Yace HaCTanH llpyrne BpeMeHa H MHOrHX COBeTCshy

KHX COBerHHKOB Mhl HallanH orChwaTh llOMOH TIepep 0ne3llOM OHH

npHXOAHJlH KO MHe CpeAH HHX 6hDIH BoeHHhle lIlIeHhI Hamero Bepshy

XOBHoro cypa OHH npoCHJlH lT06hl JI He llHcan nnoxoro B HX xamiddot

paKrepHCTHKax - 60MHch nOnyqHrh no mee nocne B03BpameHHII

11 ~HcmHrenhHO HeKOTophlX DOcaAHJIH HeCKonhKO ner nonyqHn

CK)JIh6ailleBcKHH a B03HeeeHCKHH - lleCIITh ner K CO)J(aneIDfIO

OH 6hDI 311reM KaponJi CBepleBCKOrO - OH aceHHJlCH Ha ero llOqepH

tIneHhl KOMHCCHH OxaGa no6ecepoBanH C apeCTOBaHHMMH H MHOrHM 6hDI H3MeHeH pe)J(HM copep)J(aHHII 3ro OTpa3HJlOCh B

BocnOMHHaHHn KorophIe OHH BnocnellCTBHH ony6JmKoBanH

TaK KyponeCKa KOTOpMii KaXlteTCJI CHAen ponhme Beex clHTan

6narOAeJIHHeM ITO ero nepeBenH H3 TIOphMhI KOHTppa3BepKH B

184 185

- A PailKe6uI 3TOT 6poiJe 6b noPJlOOlHbU IUIl00eKbullbullbull

- HeCOMHeHHO

- nOleMy OH 31UM He nOUHTepeC06Q1lCJI

06 H36HeHHJlX H yace roBOpHJl Mbl orKphDlH HeCKonhKO

AHCWUUJHHapHhIX pen 113 cnepcmeHHoro annapara KOrophlM pyshy

KOBOAHJl Py)J(aHCKHH ro)J(e 6hDlH YAaneHM HeCKOJlhKO qenOBeK

fI BOBce He ymep)l()J8IO ITO Bee npoHCXODHBmee 6hDIO npeKpaCshy

HMM HasepHoe He HallO 6hDlO PO)J(HAaThCH nOKa HaKonHTCH

CTOJlhKO MarepHana npoTHB Py)J(aHCKOro HaPO 6hDlO peHCmOBaTh

paHhme H peillHrenhHeH CHaqana MhI ero nepeBenH Ha nocr AHpeKshy

TOpa fOCH3Aara Ho qepe3 HeCKOJlhKO MeClIIeB KorAa HaKOIIHJlOCh

CTonhKO o6BHHeHHii qro npHumoch ero apeCTOBaTh OH 6hDI npHBnemiddot

qeH K yronoBHOH omerCmeHHOCTH 3ro npoH30umo eme KorAa H

6hDI Ha nocry TorAa ace MhI HaqanH nepeCMarpHBarh Bee pena B

oco6eHHocm re KoropMe Bena BOeHHaH KOHTppa3BepKa raM Hashy

KOIIHJlaCh Macca qenyXH eme 6onhme qeM B YE I1taK Hacrano

BpeMII 0 KOTOPOM II roBOPHJl MOll3eneBcKoMy H HMeHHO II Qepe3

Bepyra ycrpoHJl C031gtIB cneIJHanhHOH KOMHCCHH C yqaCTHeM OxaGa

)lJlll nepeCMorpa ~n Korophle Bena BOeHHall KOHrppa3BepKa

- KOMUCCUIO 6b C030a1lU nOTOMy ITO ZeHepQIl KOMap npu3shy

HQIlCJI 60 ZIla6e umUOHCKOU ce1U 6 KOTOPOU OH pa60TfJll CTOJlIlU

EepYT U Ma3YP

o Bepyre He cnhIllan BO BCHKOM cnyqae HaM )Toro He

C006LUHJlH MO)J(er 6h1Th ytaHJlH Ho KOMap peHcmHrenhHo )J(enaH

BMropoAHTh ce6ll cran rOBOpHTh rnynoCTH a 3areM o6BHHIITh Bcex

nollpIIA

-H6ac

- MeHJI Ka)J(erCII Her )lo MeHII HHlero He lloumo MO)J(er

6hITh He xorena MeHJI rporaTh KOMap HalBan Ma3Ypa 3asallCKorO

Mop3eneBcKoro Beex noppllp lJepe3 MHoro ner MbI BCTpemnHCh Ha Knap6HLUe (Koro ronhKo

He BCTpeTHillh Ha noxopoHax) OH nopomen KO MHe H cnpoCHJl

He llepy nH JI Ha Hero ma 38 ro ITO OH Ha3Ban 3TH HMeHabull fI orshy

BeTHJl eMy Iro MyllpeUM rOBOpIIT XOleillh Koro-ro ynpeKHYTh

npepCtaBh ee611 Ha ero Mecre bull fI ce611 B moeM nonO)J(eHHH npepcTamiddot

BHTh He MOry n03ToMY II He Mory eepAHThCJI 3a ro ITO Thl penan

rnynoCTH Mory TonhKO CKa3aTh ITO Thl ~nan HX H K TOMy

ace y)J(aCHhIe rpyllHO 6hDlO npeABHpeTh K KaKHM nocnepCTBHIIM

)lJlll Ha3BaHHhlX ro60H nIO~H 3TO npHBeper

Co CTOpoHM BaueKa o6BHHeHHe lneHOB nonHroIOpo B 1lllIH0shy

Haace 6hDlO OTIaHHHOH nOnhITKOH CBecm Bee cnellCTBHe K a6cypshy

JJY OH BepollTHO xoren lT06M Ha ero lleno B3rnJlHYnH no-llpyshy

roMy Ho TaKHe paCqeThl poBonhHO PHCKOBaHHhI H Moryr npHBecm

nHillh K HOBhIM 6epaM

KOMHCCHIO Mhl C031JanH He3aBHCHMO or npH3HaHHH KOMapa

noroMy ITO YMep CranHH H n03rOMY HaqanCII nepeCMOrp Bcex llen

- KOMUCCUJI 6bllla c030aHa 60npeKU POKOCC06CKOMY

- KOHeIHO BeAfgt OH 6hDI aenocpellCTBeHHMM HalanhHHKOM

BoeHHOH KOHTppa3BepKH

- OH COnp01U6IlMCJI

- HaBepHOe OH He 6hW poBOJleH Brop)J(eHHeM B ero pena HO

oH He npoTeCTOBan Yace HaCTanH llpyrne BpeMeHa H MHOrHX COBeTCshy

KHX COBerHHKOB Mhl HallanH orChwaTh llOMOH TIepep 0ne3llOM OHH

npHXOAHJlH KO MHe CpeAH HHX 6hDIH BoeHHhle lIlIeHhI Hamero Bepshy

XOBHoro cypa OHH npoCHJlH lT06hl JI He llHcan nnoxoro B HX xamiddot

paKrepHCTHKax - 60MHch nOnyqHrh no mee nocne B03BpameHHII

11 ~HcmHrenhHO HeKOTophlX DOcaAHJIH HeCKonhKO ner nonyqHn

CK)JIh6ailleBcKHH a B03HeeeHCKHH - lleCIITh ner K CO)J(aneIDfIO

OH 6hDI 311reM KaponJi CBepleBCKOrO - OH aceHHJlCH Ha ero llOqepH

tIneHhl KOMHCCHH OxaGa no6ecepoBanH C apeCTOBaHHMMH H MHOrHM 6hDI H3MeHeH pe)J(HM copep)J(aHHII 3ro OTpa3HJlOCh B

BocnOMHHaHHn KorophIe OHH BnocnellCTBHH ony6JmKoBanH

TaK KyponeCKa KOTOpMii KaXlteTCJI CHAen ponhme Beex clHTan

6narOAeJIHHeM ITO ero nepeBenH H3 TIOphMhI KOHTppa3BepKH B

184 185

TIOpbM YB napaAOKC 6bm B TOM ITO 3AeCb OH nOlJBCTBOBan ee611

6e30nacHee TaK KaK 3AeCb He 6bmO H36HeHHii KOTOpbJe H3MIHJIH

ero B BoeHHOH TIOpbMe KOMHCCHR Oxa6a nonyqHJ1a npHMOH JJOCTyn

K oenaM H BbIBCHHna ITO 6bmo HeMano a6cYPoHhJX o6BHHeHHH

o CO6eHHO B BoeHHOH pa3BeoI(e )lena paCCJJeooBanH 3aROBO pacshy

nYTbmanH pacKpyqHBanH H CTanH onpaBDbmaTb H BhmYCKaTb moshy

AeH

- He ToponuTecb TeM 6peMeHeM 6ac nOHU3U1lU 8 OOAJlCHOC1U

- HeT 11 TaK He DyMaKl H nomiddotnpe)KHeMY yqaCTBOBan BO Beex

JaeeoaHHJIX nonHT6Klpo H BbmOnHJIn Bee npe)KHIle 4lyHKUHH 06

OTCTpaHeHHH MO)KHO 6bmo 6bJ rOBopHTb paHbWe Koroa Haoo MHOH

BHeena yrp03a HeooBepHJI CTanHHa ITO orpaHHlHBano B03MO)KHOC

TH MoeH AeJiTenhHOCTH H ylaCTHJI BO Beex oenax

- B 1954 Z 6bl nepeCTatlU OblTb ceKperapeM aK

TaK KaK CTan BH~emiddotnpeMbePOM TO eCTb npooBHHynCJl

BhJWe

- HeY)ICetlu

CornaeeH 3TO 6bm KaK 6hJ nHHOK HaBepx Koe-KoMY

6hmo Ba)KHO lT06bJ II ywen H3 eeKpeTapHaTa UK KOHelH0 He

BepYTY HO OH noolHHHnCJI (TaK II oyMaKl nOTOM ITO TOlHbIX CBeshy

AeHHH Y MeHR HeT) oaBneHHKl XpyrueBa TOT npasoa He 6bm aRTHshy

eeMHTOM B 06hIlHOM CMbJCJJe CJJOBa HO KaKHe-TO KOMnJIeKCbJ Tashy

Kora pooa Y Hero 6hmH OH YTBep)KJan ITO B HaweM PYKOBooCTBe

CllHIllKOM MHoro eBpeeB Era CJJOBa )Karow nonxaaThmanH H npHBoshy

oHnH B KaleCTBe peKoMeHoanHii XpyweBY Ka3anOCb ITO JlIJI 06shy

wero ycnoKOeHHJI H oCJJa6neHHJI HanpJIlKeHH1I B CTpaHe 6YAeT noshy

ne3HO MeHJI OTCTPaHHTb H CBanHTb Ha MeHJI OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a

Bee npoHcweouree )leno paCCMaTpHBanOCb B KpeM1le H pa3DyMhmashy

nH KaKOH nOCT MHe oaTb KaK MHe paCCKalhmanH B KaKOH-TO

MOMeHT MonOTOB B nOHcKax npHnHlHO BhJrnJIAeBWerO BhJXOshy

oa npeJlIO)KHJ1 a He coenaTb nH ero BHIJe-npeMbepoM lT06hl He B03shy

HHKno o6BHHeHHJI B oHCKPHM1fHaIJHH BepYT COrnaCHnCJl Ho nKloH

B BapmaBe 3HaKOMbJe C 3aKynHCHOH nOnHTHleCKOH HrPOH npamiddot

BHnbHO O~eHHnH ynaneHHe MeHR H3 eeKpeTapHaTa UK H BHIJemiddot

npeMbepCTBO He ClHTanH npooBH)KeHHeM

- CTape6UfI KaCMflH U CTaUle6CKUU 1JblUl OTCTpaHeHbl no TeM

)ICe npUIUHaM

- He 3HaKl

- 3HalUT MOAOT06 nOMOZatl6aM 00 KOHijO

- H laCTO C HIlM BCTpelanCJI OC06eHHO BHalane Koroa pewashy

nOCb MHO)Kecmo oen KacaKlwHXCJI IIonbJIlH H nOTOM Koroa B03middot

HHKana KaKaJI-HH6yDb nonHTHleCKaJI npo6neMa II npe)KJe Bcero 06shy

pawanCJl K HeM TaK 6bmo B 1948 r C KOHrpeccoM MHpa Koroa 11

3BOHHn eMY H3 BpolJ)laBa mua cnaeeHHJI H OH 3TO Aeno cnac OH

6bm co MHOH Be)lOUl8 Ho OHH Bce 6hmH BelKnHBbJ - H KaraROBHl

H MHKOJIH Bee BelKnHBOCTb BXOoHT B pHryan Ho CHMnaTHKl II noshy

lJBCTBOBan TonbKO co CTOPOHbJ ManeHKOBa Koroa 1epe3 HeCKonampshy

KO neT B 1954 r ylKe nOCJJe CMepTH CTanHHa 11 CHOBa npHexan

B MOCKBY ManeHKoB nooan MHe PYlCY H CKa3an 3opaBCTBYH

HKOB H 3Han 0 HeM ManO TonbKO TO ITO OH 6bm qneHOM nonHTshy

6Klpo OH yqacmoBan BO BCTpelaX HHoroa Mhl CHAenH PRoOM 6eshy

eeoOBanH HO npHHIJHnHanbHbJX oHCKYCCHH II C HHM He Ben A ryT

OH coenan TaKOH oPY)KeCKHH )KeCT Bpooe 6bJ HHlerO oco6eHHoro

HO Bee lKe no 6hmO CBHoerenbCTBOM CHMnaTHH C HHMH TaKoe

peoI(O CJJYtJanOCb

- KTO 6blUletl nepeblM U3 3aKAIOIeHUJl rOMYAKa

- He 3HaKl 6bm nH OH nepBbJM HO lepe3 napy neT C Hero

CHRnH Bee 06BHHeHHJI H OH BbDlIen B KOHUe 1954 rooa Ero

MO)KHO 6bmo BbmyCTHTb H paHbwe HO TaK YlK CJJyqHJ10Cb H oPyrHe

HatJanH BbJXOoHTb OCBo60oHJIH ~enyIO rpynuy nKlAeH MOJI AHKa

llypal npHUYTaRHbJe K oeny ltlgtwIboOB HaM nOMorno ITO B BeHrpHH

oeno ltlgtwIboOB TO)Ke 06aRKPOTHnOCb H Bearpbl HalaJIH H3 Hero Bblshy

nYTbmaTbCJI BeCCMblCJJeHHaJI 6bma HCTOPH1I MHO)Kecmo nKlAeH 6hlshy

no 06H)KeHO MHorne nOCTpananH a re~OB oa)Ke yMep

186 187

- A Ta1Xe zeHepail FepMaH 1l01l1013HU1 OOtJyJICUHC1UU nOIlshy

1013HU1 Bepyw-K013a1lbC1UU A opyzue moou U3 APMUU Kpauoshy

130U OCTa8a1lUCb 8 3a1lllOlIeHUU

- OCBo60xmeHHe fibDlO npoueCCOM a He euHHOBpeMeHHoH aKshy

lJHeH IIpoBepKa Aen H oCBo60iKtleHHe Tpe60BaJIH BpeMeHH H npoHCshy

XOuHnH nOCTeneHHO XYgtKe Beero oficrollJ1O ueno C ofiBHHeHWlMH B

lllllHOHagtKe IlBa uena TJlHynHcb nO)l03pHTenbHO uonro MeIDl 3nHnO

ITO B 1955 r Korua nOiTH Bce KOMMYHHCTbI YKe BbIllDlH Ha CBo60shy

uy npouOJl)(llJ1H CHueTb BaueK KOMap H MapHaH CnbIXaJIbCKHH Ho

BepYT OTKJIa)lblBaJI HX oCB060iKtleHHe Y Hero CJlO)KHJICII ueJlbIH

KOMIIJ1eKC nou03peHHH paCeellTb KOTopbIe MHe He yuaBaJIOCb H OTHOwy 3TO Ha CeT ero 3aKOCTeHeBIIIHX uOKTpHHepCKHX B3rnlluOB

OTCIO)]a - em Bepa BO Bee fiYMUCKH KOTOpbIe nouCOBblBaJIa eMY

YB OH HM BepHn OleHb BepHn

- A 13bl He 13epUlu

- Y MeIDl 3TH nou03peHHII Y)Ke nonHOCTblO HCIe3JlH a Y Hero

eIIIe HeT lleno TYT B OTHOllleHHH K CJleuCTBeHHOMY MaTepHaJIY

OuHH lHTaeT ero C HaMepeHHeM 06enHTb nou03peBaeMoro upyrOH

60nbille BepHT CJle)lOBaTeJlIO BepYT no-npe)KHeMY BepHn 06BHHeshy

HHIO n03TOMY B pa3rOBOpax C HHM II He CTaBHn Bonpoca BHHOBHbI

HnH HeBHHOBHbI CnbIXaJIbCKHH H KOMap H npe)JllaraJI 1TofibI

CJleuCTBHe no HX AeJlaM BeJlOCb OTKPbITO ITO npHuano fibI eMY

COBepllleHHO HHOH xapaKrep 0 KOMape rOBOpHn II C BepYToM

HeO)lHOKpaTHO 3TO He uaJIO HHKaKHX pe3yJIbTaTOB II03TOMY Beeshy

HOH 1955 r bull II nOCTaBHn Bonpoc 0 ero oCB060xmeHHH Ha nonHTshy

firopo Ho II OKa3aJICIl B OuHHOleCTBe H ua)Ke 3a60nen H3-3a 3Toro

nonyIHll MHKpoHHqapKT H HeCKonbKO Heuenb npone)KaJI B nOCTenH

OceHblO 1955 r II BHOBb no)lHllJ1 Bonpoc 06 oCBo60xmeHHH Ha

3TOT pa3 - CnbIXaJIbCKoro Ho Moe npe)JllO)KeHHe CHOBa npoBashy

JlHnOCb

A 1a1 ZOIlOC013a1l MUH14

- He nOMHIO PelllaJI BO BCIIKOM CJlYlae BepYT H KaK Beershy

)]a B AeJlax rOCY)]apcTBeHHOH Ba)KHOCTH ronoc IIepBoro nepeBeCHn

000 npocHAenHuo 1956 r

188

- CnbIXaIlbC1UU - 00 XX COe30a U cMepTU EepYTa a oou14013

APMUU Kpau080u 13bmYCTUIl IlUWb OxatJ no flMHUCTUU otJM8lleHshy

Hoil 8 anpelle 1956 z

- Ha XX Chelu MbI noeXaJIH BTpoeM - BepYT E)KH MopaBcshy

KHH H II BepYT yBCTBOBaJI ee6ll MOXO OH 6bIJl CJlafi nOCJle Tonbshy

KO ITO nepeHeeeHHoro rpHnna Cbelu OKa3aJ1CII )JlIII Hero TIIgtKeJlbIM

nepe)KHBaHHeM Y)Ke BbIcrynneHHe MHKOllHa B HaqaJIe Che3ua npeushy

BeIIIaJIO ITO-TO HOBoe MHKOllH KOHeIHO HHKaKHX OTKPbITHH He

cuenaJI HO paCCYaHOBKa aKueHTOB B ero peIH nOKa3blBaJIa ITO

HacrynaeT HOBbIH 3Yan MeIDl laxsaTHnO pauocTHoe yBCTBO H nou

ero BJlHIlHHeM II BbIDHn C MOpaBCKHM Ha fipYAePIllaqT

XpymeB BbICTynHn B nOCJle)lHHH ueHb Che3)]a Ha 3aKPbITOM

3aee)laHHH TOJlbKO )l1III IleJleraTOB I1HocTpaHHbIe rOCTH He fibIJlH

npHrnameHbI B 3aJ1 Ha CJleuyIOIIIHH AeHb JI uon)KeH fibIJl B03BpamaTbshy

CIl B CTpaHY BepYT nonyIHll TeKCT uOKJIa)la XpymeBa H uan ero MHe

Ha nOCJle)lH101O HOIb KOHeIHO uOKJla)] npOH3Ben Ha MeHII fionbilloe

BnelameHHe HO BH1JHMO II BocnpHWln ero CDOKOHHee qeM BepYT

TaK KaK uOCTaTOIHO KPHTHeCKH OTHOCHJICII K CTanHHY Hero uellshy

TeJlbHOCTH bull Ila H BepYT uOJl)KeH 6bIJl OTHOCHTbCll YaK )Ke Be)lb CeMbJl

ctgtoPHaJIbCKOH ()KeHa BepYTa - IIpHMelaHHe nepeBoulHKa) CTpamshy

HO nOCTpauana BO BpeMJI 60nbWHx lHCTOK H BepYT Korua fiblBaJI

B MOCKBe KaiKtlbm pal CDpaIllHBaJI 0 ee )]aBHO yfiHTbIX fipaTbllX B

HaueiKtle ITO KTO-TO Hl HHX MOgtKeT fibITb eIIIe )KHB Hero MO)KHO

BbITaIIIHTb TaK ITO H Y BepYTa uon)KHO fibDlO HMeTbCll npoTHBOJlshy

uHe npoTHB nOTpllCeHHII Ho 0)lH0 ueno Korua lHaeIIlb OTuenbHbIe

CJlYIaH a uPyroe Kor)]a npeuCTaeT nepeu rnaaaMH ofiIIIall KapTHHa

BepYT 6bDl nOTplleeH

- ilOHlIl Ha1OHe14 1OMY OH ClyJlCUl

- He B TOM ueno ITO CJlY)KHJI BepYT npocTO He Mor nOIDITb

KaK Y CTaJIHHa )lO noro uOIIInO TYT YK He HMeno 3HaleHWl QTO

pa306JIaQeHHe gtKeCTOKOCTeH yrPO)(llJ10 OcyiKtleHHeM CTaJIHHa H reM

ITO ero BbIlepKHyY H3 HCTOpHH 3TOro cuenaTb He yuaCTCII OH no-

6euHn fHmepa H nOTOMY OH OCTaHeTCII B MHPOBOH HCTOPHH Hecshy

MOTPll Ha Bee COBepllleHHble HM rnynocTH

- He zllynoCTU a npecTynlleHUJI

189

- A Ta1Xe zeHepail FepMaH 1l01l1013HU1 OOtJyJICUHC1UU nOIlshy

1013HU1 Bepyw-K013a1lbC1UU A opyzue moou U3 APMUU Kpauoshy

130U OCTa8a1lUCb 8 3a1lllOlIeHUU

- OCBo60xmeHHe fibDlO npoueCCOM a He euHHOBpeMeHHoH aKshy

lJHeH IIpoBepKa Aen H oCBo60iKtleHHe Tpe60BaJIH BpeMeHH H npoHCshy

XOuHnH nOCTeneHHO XYgtKe Beero oficrollJ1O ueno C ofiBHHeHWlMH B

lllllHOHagtKe IlBa uena TJlHynHcb nO)l03pHTenbHO uonro MeIDl 3nHnO

ITO B 1955 r Korua nOiTH Bce KOMMYHHCTbI YKe BbIllDlH Ha CBo60shy

uy npouOJl)(llJ1H CHueTb BaueK KOMap H MapHaH CnbIXaJIbCKHH Ho

BepYT OTKJIa)lblBaJI HX oCB060iKtleHHe Y Hero CJlO)KHJICII ueJlbIH

KOMIIJ1eKC nou03peHHH paCeellTb KOTopbIe MHe He yuaBaJIOCb H OTHOwy 3TO Ha CeT ero 3aKOCTeHeBIIIHX uOKTpHHepCKHX B3rnlluOB

OTCIO)]a - em Bepa BO Bee fiYMUCKH KOTOpbIe nouCOBblBaJIa eMY

YB OH HM BepHn OleHb BepHn

- A 13bl He 13epUlu

- Y MeIDl 3TH nou03peHHII Y)Ke nonHOCTblO HCIe3JlH a Y Hero

eIIIe HeT lleno TYT B OTHOllleHHH K CJleuCTBeHHOMY MaTepHaJIY

OuHH lHTaeT ero C HaMepeHHeM 06enHTb nou03peBaeMoro upyrOH

60nbille BepHT CJle)lOBaTeJlIO BepYT no-npe)KHeMY BepHn 06BHHeshy

HHIO n03TOMY B pa3rOBOpax C HHM II He CTaBHn Bonpoca BHHOBHbI

HnH HeBHHOBHbI CnbIXaJIbCKHH H KOMap H npe)JllaraJI 1TofibI

CJleuCTBHe no HX AeJlaM BeJlOCb OTKPbITO ITO npHuano fibI eMY

COBepllleHHO HHOH xapaKrep 0 KOMape rOBOpHn II C BepYToM

HeO)lHOKpaTHO 3TO He uaJIO HHKaKHX pe3yJIbTaTOB II03TOMY Beeshy

HOH 1955 r bull II nOCTaBHn Bonpoc 0 ero oCB060xmeHHH Ha nonHTshy

firopo Ho II OKa3aJICIl B OuHHOleCTBe H ua)Ke 3a60nen H3-3a 3Toro

nonyIHll MHKpoHHqapKT H HeCKonbKO Heuenb npone)KaJI B nOCTenH

OceHblO 1955 r II BHOBb no)lHllJ1 Bonpoc 06 oCBo60xmeHHH Ha

3TOT pa3 - CnbIXaJIbCKoro Ho Moe npe)JllO)KeHHe CHOBa npoBashy

JlHnOCb

A 1a1 ZOIlOC013a1l MUH14

- He nOMHIO PelllaJI BO BCIIKOM CJlYlae BepYT H KaK Beershy

)]a B AeJlax rOCY)]apcTBeHHOH Ba)KHOCTH ronoc IIepBoro nepeBeCHn

000 npocHAenHuo 1956 r

188

- CnbIXaIlbC1UU - 00 XX COe30a U cMepTU EepYTa a oou14013

APMUU Kpau080u 13bmYCTUIl IlUWb OxatJ no flMHUCTUU otJM8lleHshy

Hoil 8 anpelle 1956 z

- Ha XX Chelu MbI noeXaJIH BTpoeM - BepYT E)KH MopaBcshy

KHH H II BepYT yBCTBOBaJI ee6ll MOXO OH 6bIJl CJlafi nOCJle Tonbshy

KO ITO nepeHeeeHHoro rpHnna Cbelu OKa3aJ1CII )JlIII Hero TIIgtKeJlbIM

nepe)KHBaHHeM Y)Ke BbIcrynneHHe MHKOllHa B HaqaJIe Che3ua npeushy

BeIIIaJIO ITO-TO HOBoe MHKOllH KOHeIHO HHKaKHX OTKPbITHH He

cuenaJI HO paCCYaHOBKa aKueHTOB B ero peIH nOKa3blBaJIa ITO

HacrynaeT HOBbIH 3Yan MeIDl laxsaTHnO pauocTHoe yBCTBO H nou

ero BJlHIlHHeM II BbIDHn C MOpaBCKHM Ha fipYAePIllaqT

XpymeB BbICTynHn B nOCJle)lHHH ueHb Che3)]a Ha 3aKPbITOM

3aee)laHHH TOJlbKO )l1III IleJleraTOB I1HocTpaHHbIe rOCTH He fibIJlH

npHrnameHbI B 3aJ1 Ha CJleuyIOIIIHH AeHb JI uon)KeH fibIJl B03BpamaTbshy

CIl B CTpaHY BepYT nonyIHll TeKCT uOKJIa)la XpymeBa H uan ero MHe

Ha nOCJle)lH101O HOIb KOHeIHO uOKJla)] npOH3Ben Ha MeHII fionbilloe

BnelameHHe HO BH1JHMO II BocnpHWln ero CDOKOHHee qeM BepYT

TaK KaK uOCTaTOIHO KPHTHeCKH OTHOCHJICII K CTanHHY Hero uellshy

TeJlbHOCTH bull Ila H BepYT uOJl)KeH 6bIJl OTHOCHTbCll YaK )Ke Be)lb CeMbJl

ctgtoPHaJIbCKOH ()KeHa BepYTa - IIpHMelaHHe nepeBoulHKa) CTpamshy

HO nOCTpauana BO BpeMJI 60nbWHx lHCTOK H BepYT Korua fiblBaJI

B MOCKBe KaiKtlbm pal CDpaIllHBaJI 0 ee )]aBHO yfiHTbIX fipaTbllX B

HaueiKtle ITO KTO-TO Hl HHX MOgtKeT fibITb eIIIe )KHB Hero MO)KHO

BbITaIIIHTb TaK ITO H Y BepYTa uon)KHO fibDlO HMeTbCll npoTHBOJlshy

uHe npoTHB nOTpllCeHHII Ho 0)lH0 ueno Korua lHaeIIlb OTuenbHbIe

CJlYIaH a uPyroe Kor)]a npeuCTaeT nepeu rnaaaMH ofiIIIall KapTHHa

BepYT 6bDl nOTplleeH

- ilOHlIl Ha1OHe14 1OMY OH ClyJlCUl

- He B TOM ueno ITO CJlY)KHJI BepYT npocTO He Mor nOIDITb

KaK Y CTaJIHHa )lO noro uOIIInO TYT YK He HMeno 3HaleHWl QTO

pa306JIaQeHHe gtKeCTOKOCTeH yrPO)(llJ10 OcyiKtleHHeM CTaJIHHa H reM

ITO ero BbIlepKHyY H3 HCTOpHH 3TOro cuenaTb He yuaCTCII OH no-

6euHn fHmepa H nOTOMY OH OCTaHeTCII B MHPOBOH HCTOPHH Hecshy

MOTPll Ha Bee COBepllleHHble HM rnynocTH

- He zllynoCTU a npecTynlleHUJI

189

- If npeCTynneHHII KOHeIHO Ho OH coBepwan HX B y6elKAeshy

HHH ITO 310 nOenYlKHT neny peBonIOJJHH H3 HneHHhIX n06YlKAeshy

HHHbullbullbull

if rUTllep TOJICe npowy 3aMeTUTb

OCTaBbTe Y CTanHHa 6bma Hnell - BenHKall Hnell - 3amHshy

THTb peBOJIIOJJHIO nI060H ueHoH

- A y rUTllepa - 3alqUTUTb 1UCTOTY pacbl

- HeT (KPHIHT) HeT 310 BemH HecpaBHHMbIe

- Ho pe3YllbTaT TOT JtCe

- TaKoBbl napanOKCbI HCTOpHH OHH TIIxltenhI 6one3HeHHbI HO

yYT yxlt HHIero He nonenaellib ITOTOMY H CTan TaKHM nOTplleeHHeM

noKJIan XpYIUeBa He3aBHCHMO OT Toro npaBHJIbHO nH OCSeTHJI OH

TOT HJIH HHOH Bonpoc CaMHM 4gtaKTOM BhIClynneHHlI C UeJIbIM Pllshy

nOM 06BHHeHHH npoTHB CTanHHa XpYIUeB 06HaPy)I(HJI 6oJIblllYIO

CHJIY xapaKTepa Bepyr pacXBOpanCII HO II He nyMaJI ITO 3TO

CMepTeJIbHO R BepayJIClI C MOpaBCKHM B BaplllaBY Pa306JIaIJeHHlI

XpYIUeBa nOlllJIH CIOna OleHb 6hICTPO OHH BbI3BaJIH paClepllHHOCTb

6poxlteHHe CHTYauHII eme 60nee oenOXltHHJIaCb BbIJIO naXlte HeCKOJIbshy

KO caMoy6HHcm He Bee BbInepXltaJIH TaKoe HepBHoe HanpllxlteHHe

OT3BYKH lTHX C06bITHH no pa3HbIM KaRarIaM nOXOnKJIH no Bepyra

OH IaCTO 3BOHHJI H3 MOCKBbI B OCHOBHOM MHe Ero OleHb 6ecnoshy

KOHJI xaoc B03HHKIIIHH B BaplllaBe R lYBClBOBan ITO OH HeMHoro

xltaneeT MeHll nOHHMall ITO II He Mory OBJIaneTb nonoxlteHHeM R nblTaJICII no B03MOlKHOCTH ycnOKOHTb ero rOBOpHJI ITO nonoxlteshy

HHe neHcmHTenbHO HeJIefKOe HO MbI CnpaBHMCII nyClb He 6ecnoshy

KOHTClI Bnpyr 3BOHHT MHe H3 MOCKBbI BaRna rypCKalI ITo ee

enOBaM BepYT 3360JIen BocnaneHHeM JIerKHX H 6hm npH CMepTH

R Cpa3y xlte BbmeTen B MOCKBY ITpHJIeTeJI II BO BTOpoM lacy AHlI

H npllMO C a3ponopra noeXarI K BepyyY BaRna KOTOPall CHnena

OKOJIO Hero Bce BpeMll Bblllma KO MHe H3 ero KOMHaTbI R 06paTHJIshy

ClI K npo4gtecoopy MapKoBY - Bpaqy Ha3HaIJeHHoMY JJl(II nOCTOllHshy

Horo Ha6nIOneHHII 3a BepyroM - 3a pa3pellleHHeM YBHneTb BepYTa

MapKOB omeTHJI - HeT MbI 6oHMcII lITO pa3roBOp C BaMH enHIlIKOM

B3BOJIayeT Bepyra a 3TO npoTHBOnOKa3aRO eMY OlKa3 BbIrJIIInen

OleHb Hey6enHTeJIbHO BHlHMO OH nOJIYIHJI TaKHe pacnopllxlteHHII

MHe olJem 6bmo 6oJIIgtHo II npHJIeren nonpomaTIgtCII a MeHII He noshy

nYCKaIOT MeHll OXBaTHJIO OTIJalIHHe

IToene CMepTH BepYTa npHJIeTenH 3aBanCKHH H Ma3YP 3aBancshy

KHH nOmKeH 6bID npoH3HeClH pellgt B loMe ooI030B HII nOMoraJI eMY

rOTOBHTb pelJb II nYlllle 3HaJI PYCCKHH rpo6nOClaBHJIH B lOMe COlOshy

3OB a Hac BbICTPOHJIH y rpo6a MHe omenH MeClO nOnaJIbllle a MeCTO

Ma3Ypa OKaJaJIOCb 6rIHXlte R yaHnen B 3TOM omIICHeHHe nOleMY Meshy

HlI He nonyCTHJIH K BepYTY CTaJIO IICHO ITO 3TO KOHeu

Qepe3 nsa MeClIIJa II Yllien B OTCTaBKY IIT06bI o6nerIHTb noshy

nOXlteHHe HOBoro PYKOBOnCma a lJepe3 IeTbIpe MeCllua npHllIeJI

OKTII6pb 3HaleHHe ero 6bmo nsOllKHM HM 6ypHO 3aKOHlHJICII

MeJJl(eHHbIH npouecc OTTeneJIH HalJaTbIH HaMH H B TO Xlte BpeMII

BIgtICB060nKJIHCh 3JIbIe CHJIbI TaHBIlIHeCII B MbIllIJIeHHH nOnllKOB

- geM 8ce 3TO DbllO 8b138aHO no 8aweMy MHeHUlo

- Tenepb CTaJIO MOnHhIM aHaJ1H3HpOBaTIgt KPH3HCHIgtIe cHTyashy

JJHH H Ka)KJJbIH 6oJITaeT ITO B ronOBY B36peneT R CIJHTaIO lyY

lHCKYCCHIO 6eCIDIOnHoH B HeH 6hD1 6bI CMbIen TonbKO eCJIH pelJb

llIJIa 6bI 06 oIIIH6Kax B lKOHOMHIeCKHX Bonpocax

- KaKue JlCe owuDKu DbllU c08epUleHbl 8aMu

- OmeTHTb Ha lTOT Bonpoc TPYnHO Bengt KalKAYlO CHyYauHIO

cnenyeT paCCMaTpHBaTb BO BceH ee cnOlKHOCTH JIerKo 3annaHHposhy

BaTb IITO-JIH60 3a ClOJIOM B Ka6HHeTe H ClHTaTb IJlO HaiineHo CaMoe

MYnpoe pellleHHe TpYnHee OCYIUeClBJIIITb nnaRbI Benb Ha HX OCYshy

meClBJIeHHe BJIHIIeT MHOXlteClBO 4gtaKroPOB B TOM IJHcne H Me)f(lJyHashy

ponHlgtIX HalllllleClHJIeTHHH nnaH B HalJarIe OleHb YMepeHHbIH npHllIshy

nOCb nepeCMOTpen He nOTOMY IJTO HaM TaK XOTenOCb XOJIOnHalI BOHshy

Ha npHHYnKJIa HaC pacIIIHpHTb nporpaMMY BoopYXlteHHH H H3MeHHTb

OOOTHOllleHHe MeXltnY CTaTblIMH pacxonoB ITO npHBeJIO K CHHXlteHHIO

lKH3HeHHoro ypoBHlI a BcnencmHe noro - K HenOBOJIbcmy If reshy

peK Toxlte Mor 6bI cnPaBHTbCII C lKOHOMHlJeCKHM KPH3HCOM eCJIH

6bI He MexltnyHapOnaall 06CTaROBKa KOHKpemee 06mHH KpH3HC

190 191

MHpoBoro x031lHcma IIonbcKHH KpHlHC 6bIll CJle]CTBHeM MHpoBOshy

roo no 1975 r Bce KaK-TO llDlO H llDlO 6101 ]lIJIbwe eCJ1H 6101 He

npoH30llDla KaTaCTpoltigta Ha 3ana]e Ho OHa npoH30llDla H repeK He

Mor paCCttHnmaTb HH Ha nOMomb HH Ha Kpe)lHTbI

- Ho 8bl YT8epJlC(MU liTO KanUTMUCTUileCKue KPU3UCbl He

8lURIOT Ha nnaH080e COijUMUCTUileCKoe X03RUCT80

- He MornH He nOBnHJlTb

- Ho 8bl YT8epxoMu liTO He 8lURIOT

- OHH He BJ1HMH 6bI eCJ1H 6bJ MbI He 6bDIH CBJl3aHbI C KanaTashy

J1HCTHleCKHM MHpoM 3KOHOMHlftlCKH Ho Mbl Bcer]a 6bDIH CBJl3aHbl

H HaM 6bDIO Ba)I(HO paClllHPJlTb 3TO COTpY)lHHqeCTBO a He CBepTblshy

Ban ero HameH UeJ1blO 6bDIO palBHTHe TOproBblX OTHomeHHH co

BceMH CTpaHaMH - He TonbKO co CTpaHaMH COlJHanHCTHlftlCKOrO

6noKa HO H co CTpaHaMH 3ana]a H Tpenero MHpa Mbl CTapashy

J1HCb COXpaHJlTb ToprOBblH o60poT C COBeTCKHM COlO30M B npe]eshy

nax 30 H60 npH 60nbmeH ero ]one HanpHMep OKono 40 3TO

]lIJIO 6bI OTPHIJaTeJ1bHbIe nOCJ1e]CTBHJI - npHBeno 6bl K 3KOHOMHshy

lftlCKOH 3aBHCHMOCTH a 3areM H K nOJ1HTHlftlCKoH Be]b TaKHe BemH

onpe]enJlIOT rpaHHubI caMOCTOJlTenbHOCTH Tenepb )Ke MO)KHO 6blshy

no paccttHnmaTb Ha nOMOlIJb TOnbKO C coBeTcKoH CTOpoHbl 3TO

ycyry6Hno onaCHOCTb KOTOpyro nbrranOCb npe]OTBpaTHTb Hame

PYKOBO]CTBO

npyroi npHttHHOH nOJ1bCKOrO KpR3Hca JlBMeTCJI o60CTpeHHe

He pemeHHblX paHee npo6neM He npoBe]eHHble BOB peMJI peltigtOPMbI

H3-la lToro 6bDIO YTpatJeHO ]OBepHe K MeTO]aM PYKOBO]CTBa

HeCOMHeHHO Y HaC 6bDIH ]eltigteKTbI H ]a)Ke ]eltigtopMaIJHJI OC06eHHO

B nepHO] xonO)lHOH BOHHbl B 1949-1953 ro]ax 60J1ee Bcero

B 1953 r CneilYeT nOHJITb O]llaKO qTO penpeccHH (JI cornaceH

H)lHOTCKHe) KOTopble HaqanHCb nOCJ1e CMepTH CTanHHa OObJlCHJIshy

J1HCb COqeTaHHeM He6naronpHJITHbIX 06CTOJlrenbCTBmiddot r)JP oxsaTHnH

BOnHeHHJI H la6aCTOBKH BcobIXHYno Bep1IHHCKOe BOCCTaHHe B

IIonbme aKTHBH3HpoBanHCb Bpa)K]e6HbIe CHIlbl B Ha]e)K]e qm

Kapu EBponbl MO)KeT H3MeHHTbCJI 3TH HaCTpoeHHJI no]]ep)KH8anH

lana]Hhle palrHOCTaHlJHH B OCOOOHHOCTH CB060J]HaJI EBpona

192

MHe npRllDlO TOr]a B r0J10BY CJl0Be~0 npoltigtHJI R H He nO]03shy

peBan Tor]a IJTO OHO TaK paCOPOCTpaHHTCJI R BH]en 3aKOCreHeshy

HHe 6IOPOKpaTH3aIJH1O O~)K]eHHe He TonbKO B 06I1JeCTBeHHoH

HO H B nOnHTUqeCKOH )KH3HH 3TH JlBneHHJI B03HHKnH B nepRo]

xonOJ]HOH BOHHbI H3-3a HenOHHMaHHJI npoueCCOB npoHCXO)lHBshy

IIIHX B MHpe KaK-TO BeqepoM B pa3rOBOpe C )KeHOH JI nonbITanCJI

HaHTH nO]xO]JlllJee onpe]eneHHe lJJUI 3THX JlBneHHH OT mneprepshy

MHH (neperpeBa) Mbl npHllDlH K aTpoltigtHH - norepe qyBCTBHTeJlbshy

HOCTH R npoqen ]oKJIa] Ha 3Ty TeMY Ha]eJlCb nOMOqfgt ]eJly Be]b

HaCTYJ1HIla nopa nepeMeH BCTan Bonpoc 0 nOBblllleHHH )KHlHeHHOshy

ro ypoBHJI HaceneHHJI IJTO CTanO B03MO)KHblM B pe3ynbTare 0CJ1a6shy

nemul Me)KoyHapoJ]HoH HanpJlgtKeHHOCTH nOCJ1e OKOHqaHHJI BOHHbI B

Kopee H 3aKJ1lOtJeHHJI BeHCKoro ]oroBopa 3TH npo6neMbl Morshy

J1H 6bITb pemeHbI eCJ1H 6bI HaIIIa rpynna B PYKOBO]CTBe He pacnashy

naCb H eCDH 6101 He npoH30WJIH co6b1THJ1 B II03HaHH KOTopbIe Heshy

COMHeHHO 3aTOPM03ID1H OTreneJ1b H nOMeIIIaJlH pa3BHTHIO no nym

HaMeqeHHOMY HaMH

rOMYJlKa 8 1970 z TOJICe He npeycnen

- CTpenJlTb OH npHKa3aJ1 003 BCJlKOH Hy)K]bI OT CTpaxa

OH nO-CBoeMy 3a60THIlcJI 0 IIOJ1bme bull no caMoro na]eHHJI OH 6bIll

yOO)K]eH IJTO COBepIDHII BenHKoe ]eno H OH ]eHCTBHTenbHO COBepshy

IDHII ero laKJ1lOttHB cornameHHe C BpaH]TOMnonyqHTb]JIJI IIOJ1bIDH

rapaHTHH Ha Bna]eHHe 3anaJ]HblMH 3eMJ1J1MH 6bDIO ero Meqmii OH

BnO)KHJl B 3TO BCIO )l(H3Hb HeCOMHeHHO ]orOBOp C ClIpr - ero HCTOshy

pHqeCKaJI laCJ1yra Ho OH ee nepeOueHHlI OHa BCKpY)KHJIa eMy rOJ1Qshy

BY H OH peIDHII qm eMy Bce n03BoneHO Ho TYT npoH30WJIO BbICTyDshy

neHHe Ha IIo6epe)Kbe OKalanOCb qTO nlO)lH COBceM He B BOCXHIIJeshy

HHH OT Hero 3TO cnoMHIlO rOMynKY K TOMy gtKe OH ~ 3BOHKa

OTTy]a OH pacCttHTbman IJTO ero no]]e~T Ho HHKTO He n03BOshy

HHJI rOMynKa 6bDI B OTqaJlHHH A TaM nonpocTy peIDHIIH IJTO ero

KapTa 6HTa H yxsaTHIlHCb 3a repeKa Ho H TOT OKalanCJI He TaKHM Y)K

OOnbIDHM K03blpeM B 3TOM CKalanaCb nonHTHtJeCKaJI mynoCTb oprashy

HHlaTOPOB r]aHbCKHX H melJHHCKHX OOcnOpJlilKOB y30CTb HX B3mJlshy

]OB H HeyMeHHe oueHHTb Bpe] KOTOpblii OHH HaHeCJIH nonbme

HeyJICenu A KTO OUlUOanCJI 8 l103HaHu

193

KaJltHe TaM CWlbl lJeHCTBOBaJIU MHe CYlHTb TpylJHO TaM

COllJ3JJaCb HanpJIliCeHHaJI 06CTaHOBKa OTCIOJJa MOXltHO CIJeJIaTb Bblshy

BOJJ ITO BUlJHMO cymeCTBOBaJIU CHJIbI 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbIe B Harshy

HeTIIHHH HaJIpJIlICeHHOCTH

- Bbl UMeeTe B BUOy opzaHbl oesonaCHOCTU

He JJYMalO KaK pa3 OHH HHKaK B nOM He 6bUIU 3aHHTepeshy

COBaHbI TaK xre KaK U COBeTCKUH COI03 Ha060poT n03HaHbCKUe

C06bITHfI nOlJpbmaJIU elHHCTBO napTHU KOTopoe 6bUIO OqeHb BaXltHo

PJIJI COBeTCKoro PYKOBOlJCTBa bull R TorJJa HaJIUCaJI nUCbMO Oxa6y

nOTOMY ITO BCTpeTHTbCJI C HHM JI yxre He Mor - JI 6bUI OTerpaHeH

OT lJenbull R He OTPHlIaJI ITO B lI03HaHH lJeHCTBOBaJIU CHJIbI KOHTppeshy

BOJIIOlJHH HO B oueHKe C06bITHH JI npUHHMaJI BO BHHMaJIHe MaCIlITashy

6bI HaIlIUX OIlIH60K H HelJOBonbCTBa pa60qero KJIacca u60 3TH cpaKshy

TOpbl 6bUIH TaM peIlIalOmHMUbull R npU3bmaJI Oxa6a K yeraHOBneHHIO

BlauMonOHHMaHHJI C pa60IHM KJIaCCOM 3TO n03Bo][HJIO 6b1 OTbICshy

KaTb BbIXOlJ He TOJIbKO B lI03HaJIH CeHqaC KOHequo MOXltHO pallJyshy

MblBaTb lJOCTaTOquo nH 6b1CTPO 1l1l1U MbI no nyTH 06HOBJIeHHJI

H60 MbI HallaJIU 06HOBJIeHHe nyCtb He B CTporOM CMbICJle CJlOBa

HO TaKUM nyTeM Ha KaKOH MbI 6bUIH Clloco6HbI MoXltHO cnpaIlIUshy

BaTb BepHO JIU MbI lJenaJIU Ha)KHMaJI Ha TopM03a lJeHCTBYJI MelJshy

neHHO nOCTeneHHO pa31JenJIJI npouecc nHOOpanu3aunu Ha 3TanbI

IIoleMy MbI TaK noerynaJIu lIoTOMY ITO 60MHCb 60MUCb TOshy

ro ITO B3PbillaJIOCb B 1956 U 1980 rOJJax a Momo 6bI B30pBatbshy

CJI eme B 1954 r lIonbIlIa - 3TO JIIUHK IIaHlJOPbI 31JeCb nerKO Bblshy

nyCTHtb 3JIbIX JJYXOB HO 3arHaTb ux 06paTHo TPYIJHO

- KaKux 31 blX OYX06

- 3TO ueJIbIH KOMllJIeKC lIO][bIlIa BeJ1UKaJI lJeplKaBHaJI

CBeTOq HapolJOB nOJIJIKU - H36paHHbIH HapolJ 3TH MHCPbI no-npelKshy

HeMy )l(HByt B pa3HbIX CJ10JIX 06meCTBa npu06peTaJI Bee HOBbIe

CPOPMbI 06JIHlbJI orreHKU KaK BbI JJYMaeTe nOqeMY fOMynKa B

1956 r npu06pen TaKYIO nonynJIpHOCTb KaKOH HHKTO B nOCJ1eBOeHshy

HOH lIOJIbIlIe He UMeJ1U npuIlIeJ1 K Bnacm 3ry nonYJIJIpHOerb noshy

poJJHJIO HMeHHO TO qero MbI 60Mucb U ITO HaC CKOBbillaJIO OH Heoshy

)KHJJaHHO PJIJI ee6JI caM Toro He xreJIaJI npo6YJJHJI HaJJe)KJJbI Ha

B03BpaT CTapoH lIonbIlIU KOTOPaJI 6YJJeT npoTHBOCTOJITb COBeTCshy

KOMY COlOlYmiddot 06 nOM He rOBopHJIH OTKPbITO HO sa IIo][OBHHY HJIU

XOTJI 6bI Ha qeTBepTb no 6bUIa HalJe~ Ha KaKYIO-TO KOHcppoHTashyUHIO lIOJIbIlIU U COBeTcKoro COI03a

- Pelb lUla oOoceoooJKi)enuu

- Jla A BCH HCTOPHH B fJJaHbCKe Ha Cbe31Je COJIUJJaPHOcm

C B033BaHHeM K HaPOJJaM COBeTCKoro 6JIOKa Ha ITO OHa 6bUIa pacshy

ClHTaHa Ha ITO eCJ]H He Ha pa3BaJI CoBeTCKoro COlOla MOlKHO JIU

6bUIO HalJeHTbCH ITO no CTepnJIT tho no npomoTHT A 3a KaKHM

ePTOM KOMY no 6bUIO HYlKHo A BelJb n01l1l1H Ha 3TO A IIOTOM

eme KPUllaJIU 3TO 6YIJeT nOCJ1eJJHHH U peIlIHTeJIbHhIH BCllOMUshy

HaJIU HHTepaalJHoHaJI (ynapHeT KynaKoM no CTOlly)

- IloJCQlyiicTa He HepeHUIaUTe 3TO Oblll KapOllb MooseshylleeCKUU

Hy H ITO C TOro ITO 3TO Cbill 3urMyHTa Cbill 3UrMyHTa

TOxre MOlKeT lJenatb mynoCTH lIapeHh OH HHteJIJIUreHTHbIH HO BnaJI B palK H la6bUI 060 BceM

A YHHlTOlKeHUe COBeTCKUX KJIaIJOOm u naMHTHHKOB 0 qeM

no rOBopuT A BelJb HHKTO noro He OpraHH30BbmaJI YHHqTOlKaJIH

UX CTHXHHHO U B MaCCOBOM MaCIlITaOO

OxaoYTBepJlC(aeT ITO 3TO OellQl YEo

- Oxa6 ClHTaeT TaK a H UHaqe bull R YTBep~lO ITO no 6bUI B3pbm HeCJlbIXaHHOH HeHaBHCTH

Hnu BOT MHXHHK lIoqeMy MuXHHK BhICtynaeT npoTHB Rntbl

qTO 6bl MbI lJeJIaJIH 003 Rntbl qeM 6hl Mbi 6bIJIH CaMoe 6onbIlIoe _

KHJIlKeCTBOM BapIlIaBCKUM TYT-TO MhI U BUJJHM HeJIoruqHOCTh

H KaTaerpoCPHqeCKUH xapaKTep Mbl1l1l1eHHH KpaHHHX OHH He OTJJaIOT

ceOO oneTa B TOM ITO UX lJeHCTBHH yrpolKaIOT ueJIOCTHoeru lIonampshyIlIU BelJYT K npeBpameHHIO ee B KHJIlICeCTBO BapIlIaBCKoe flJe lICe

ryT CMbICJI H 3TO BbIJJaIOT 3a my60Koe nOJIUTHleCKoe MbWUIeHHe

ECJIH 3TO MbWUIeHHe TO BpelJHOe HHKYJJa He BeJJyIUee CBHIJeTeJIbCTshy

BYlOmee 06 POCTH ropu30HTa COJIHJJaPHOCTH A HaIaJIOCh Bee C

194 195

OOaropoAHblX nopbmOB HuymHX H3 3]opoBoro HCTOllHHKa OT 3u0shy

poBbIX KopHeH - C HCIIpasneHHR OlIlHOOK C yTBep~HHR HOBbIX

npHHUHnoB A K lIeMY npHBeno K pa3iJYBaHHlO ~e 6bInO npHTHXshy

lIlHX MeITaHHH 0 He3aBHCHMOCTH q~3CKoro TonKa He33BHCHshy

MOCTH nonyae3aBHCHMOCTH lIemepTbHe33BHCHMOCTH H IepT 3HaeT

lIero eme B pa3DHlHbIX Kpyrax lTO BbIrnR]enO no-pa3HOMY HO Bce

He OTuaBaR ee6e B TOM OTleTa nOlIInHKaK CTauOBene] 3a HHTennHshy

reHUHeH BOT HX n03HUHR n03HUHJI lIlHpoKHX KpyroB nonbCKoH

HHTennHreHUHH BOT 3TO Bbl3bmaeT BO MHe 6onb Be]b lTO nlOnH

pa3YMHbIe paUHoHanbHo MblenlllLlHe A KYua OHH cTpeMnCJI K lieshy

MY BeuyT

- K He3a6UCUMOC1U

- fnynocTb (KPHqHT) HnHOTH3M lIHcTeHlIlHH HJJHOTHlM

Beub Mbl )l(HBeM B upyrYIO 3IIoxy B uPyroM BeKe I10ene nepBoH

MHPOBOH BOHHbl MO)I(HO 6bDlO eme HMeTb H1IJ1103HUHH CTpoHTb

nnaHbl TO)l(e He enHWKOM yuaIHbIe KaK lTO ]enan IlHnCY]CKHH

Ho noene BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbl lTO ~e CTano a6cypuOM qTO-TO

B MHpe H3MeHHnOCb HeY)l(enH Bbl 3Toro He BHJJHTe HeT Y)l(e cyseshy

peHHblX roCyuapCTB eCTb TonbKO nonyae33BHCHMble CreneHb 3ashy

BHCHMOCTH MO)l(eT 6bITb 60nbllIeH HnH MeHbweH HO OHa eCTb Beerua

I10cMOTpHTe liTO uenaeT ClJpaHlJlUl CHnbHaH ClJpaHUHH MaHeBpHpyeT

Ewe ]Je fonnlO xsarano CHnbl BonH H X8paKrepa IT06bl BeCTH cashy

MocTORTenbaylO nonHTHlIeCKIO nHHHIO HO MHTTepaa ~e nneTeTCB

B XBOCTe HOO TaKOB MHpH no eneuyeT BHueTb Ii yKnOHHTbCH OT

noro Henb3H Hellero Ha lTO paCClIHTblBaTb Mblenb 0 TOM ITO Mbl

ce6e yCH]eMCB B yronKe OAHHM ynbI6HeMCR upyrHM YCMeXHeMshy

CR - 310 rnynocTb KOTOpaR CBHneTenbcmyeT 0 He3HaHHH reorpashy

qHH H 3DeMeHTapHblX OCHOB nOnHTHKH I10nbUIa MO)l(eT 6bITb nHOO

npoCOBeTCKOH nuoo npoaMepHKaHCKOH ]pyrnx B03MO)I(HOCTeH

HeT HeT (KPH1IHT) I10nbllIY Henb3R BblpBaTb H3 COBeTCKoro 000shy

Ka Beub ecnu BblpBaTb TO rue ee nOMeCTHTb Ha nyae I10nbUIa

ne)l(lfT Me)I(JJY COBeTCKHM COI030M H 3anaAHOH EBponOH H nonoshy

)l(eHHe ee HCHO HnH - HnH HeT npoMe~TOIHbIX KpaCOK B B03uyshy

xe ee He nOBecHWb 061eKTHBHaH peaJIbHOCTb TaKOBa liTO eenH

AMepHKe yuaCTCR C03uaTb 3ueCb raKoe 6po)l(eHHe 1m HaC CBeprshy

HyT TO TorJJa eCTecmeHHO npoH30HneT HHTepBeHlJlUl H60 nora

nOTpe6YlOT BbIClIlHe HHTepeCbI COBeTCKOrO COI033 Ii nOnbeTCB

KPOBb HaPO] H30HneT KpoBblO 3m HH lJTUJ Koro He MO)l(eT 6bITb

perueHHeM Bonpoca linH )I(e COll)1arepb nOTepillU nOpa)l(eHHe

I10nbwa CTaHeT KHJJ)I(eCTBOM BapWaBCKHM BcnblXHeT TpeTbR MHshy

poBU BOHHa H 6yneT YHHITO)l(eHa BCR EBpona HnH ee lIaCTb Jlpyrnx

nepcneKTHB R He BH~ H He nOHHMaIO nOlleMY He BHnHT noro

nonbCKoe o6nrecmo nOnbCKaH HHTennHreHlJlUl H CTapalOCb nposhy

HHKHYTb B HX nCHxonorHIO H nOHJJTb lIero OHH KHDRTRTCR 3alleM

OHH BOpoUIaT npownoe Ii npHxo~ Bce BpeMR K OJJHOMY BbmoJJY

pa3HbIe HenpHRTHOCTH orpaHHlIeHHH H oonRlIKH TaK 3aenOHJJIOT

HX none 3peHHR liTO OHH He MoryT OTnenHTb OCHOBHbIX npoOOeM

OT BTopoCTeneHHblX Ho OHH Bee YSIUVIT uon)l(Hb1 6YJJYT YSHueTb

MO)l(eT 6bITb ~e noene MoeH CMepTH ITO nOKa ]ena 06CTORT TaK

a He HHalle Mbl 06pelleHbl cymecmOBaTb B 3TOH CHCTeMe Be MO)I(HO

ynYlIUIaTb HcnpaBnRTb CMJIrlIaTb HO OHa 6yueT cymecmOBaTb

BMeCTO YCHnHH CBaJIHTb ee HauO ysenHlIHTb YCHnHJI uml CnaCeHHJI

I10nbIIlH TaKOH KaKOH MbI ee C03JJanH co BeeMH HalIlHMH Heuoeshy

raTKaMH H OlIlH6KaMH - CHnbHOH I1onblIlH Ha]O H36aBHTbCJI OT

a6CYPAHbIX MHqOB H HepeaJIbHbIX Haue)l(l HOO OHH HJJyT npoTHB

3aKOHOB npHpo]bI

- IlpoTU6 3aKOH06 npupOObl Hbmeumee n0J10JICeHUe 6ezqeU

- Hy BOT onRn fOMynKa TO)l(eB KOHlle KOHIIOBnOHRn

ITO TOJ1bKO H1IJ1I03HH cnnomnu nonHKOB BOKpyr Hero MO)l(eT

6blTb OH nOHJIJ1 lTO He cpa3y MO)l(eT 6blTb nonHoCTbIO lTO uowno

]O Hero nHWb B 1957 a TO H B 1958 r He 3HaIO Ho MHe Ka)l(eTCR

ITO IaCTHlHoe nOHHMaHHe npHwno K HeMY Y)l(e BO BpeMR MHTHHra

Ha nnom~ IIapauOB (BeeHapoAHbIH MHTHHr B nOMep)I(KY HOBoro

Kypca COCTORBWHHCH noene VIII nneayMa UK I10PII B OKTH6pe

1956 r I1pHMellaHHe nepeBO]lIHKa) BepoHTHo OH 6bIn nOTpJIshy

ceH HOO nOHJIJ1 DBOHCmeHHocTb CBoero nonO)l(eHHR C OnHOH CTashy

poHbl OH OTuaBan ee6e OTleT B TOM ITO KaKHe-TO 6aPbePbl PYXHYshy

J1H Ho OH nOHHMan TaK)I(e ITO pa3pbm 6y]eT paClIlHpnbCJI H ]OHshy

neT uo TOro ITO nou yrP03y 6yueT nOCTaBneHa BCH CHCTeMa enoshy

)l(HBWaHCH noene BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbl KOTOpaH 1tBnHeTCR OCshy

HOBOH Hawero BnaneHHH 3aDaJJHbIMH 3eMDHMH H Bcero Hawero roshy

cyJJapcmeHHoro 6bITHH Be]b ITO HallaJIOCb OJJHH nuWb paCCy)l(uaJ1H

196 197

KTO XOpollIHH nmUIK a KTO - HeT HO lJpyme CTaIIH lleHCTBOBan

OIJHH KpHWlH lITO OHH XOTJIT BOCKpeCHTb HaDHOHanbHYIO lJeMOshy

KpaTHIO lJpyme XOTeJIH BOCCTaHOBHTb napTHIO TpYlJa TpeO(manH

TaKHX peipOPM H lTaKHX pecpOpM fOMynKa paCTepMCJI OH CTan

nOnpaBJIJITb caMora eefiJI HHorDa npaBHJIbHO HHorlJa HeT HOO Y

Hero He XBaTanO tTbJI H nOHHMaHHJI KaK OTIJeJIHTb OIJHO OT lJpyshy

roro A nOCKOJIbKY MbICJIHJI OH Y3KO TO OecnpepbmHO coBepwan

OllIHOKH K TOMY lKe OH He o6JIaDaJI TanaHTOM OpraHHlaTOpa HMeJI

MHO)Kecmo HelJOCTaTKOB ObD1 CJ1HWKOM caMOYBepeH H qpe3Mepshy

HO BepHJI B apHqMeTHqeCKHe paCqeTbI OH OTTOJIKHYJI OT eeOJI

HeCKOJIbKHX YMHbIX npeDaHHbIX napTHH nlOIJeH no-rnynoMY OOMshy

CJI CTapoH HHTeJIJIHreHlJHH H WeJI Ha OOOCTpeHHe KYpca 3a eleT

peqOpM A noqeMY 1-13 OOJI3HH H3-3a onaceHHH H33a TOro qTO

nOTepJDl rOJIOBY B KOHUe KOHUOB lJ0 Hero lJoumo OKOHtJayeJIbHO

qTO nOlJHJlJIaCb BOJIHa CTpeMlIeHHJI K He3aBHCHMOCTH KOTOPYJO

HY)l(HO CIJep)KaTb HOO eCllH He olJOJIeTb ee OHa ero 3aXJIeCTHeT

KaK OKeaH

- H 00 KaKUX nop ebl Hf1MepeeaeTeCb C31UM 6oporbCJl

- 1160 H 100 JIeTeCJ1H nOHalJOOHTCJI HO 3TO HY)l(HO olJOJIeTb

(6heT KYJlaKOM no croJlY)

- Ho eeOb U3a 150 He OOoJI(IlU

- Ho OlJeJIeeM (KPHIHT) HapolJ lJOJIlKeH BJIHTbCJI B HOBble

410pMbI llOJIlKeH

-Her

- KOHeIHO lITO ObI HapolJ npHHJDl HOBbIe ueHHOCTH HHbIe

qOpMbl )KR3HH HeOOXOIJHM nepenOM KaKOrO eme He 0bD10 B ero

TbICJIlJeJIeTHeH HCTOpHH 150 JIeT pOCCHHCKoro ymeTeHIfJI H OOPbObl

C POCCHeH HeJIerKO BbIlJepKHyn H3 naMJITH 3TO OCTaBHJIO rnyooKHe

CIlelJbI B HapolJllOM C03HaHHH HH Y OlJllOH CTpaHbI HeT TaKOrO HCshy

TOpHqeCKOrO onblTa KaK Y Hac B 3TOM OTHOIDeHHH HH qeXH HH

BeHrpbI HH PYMblHbI He MorYT CpaBHHTbCJI C HaMH qeXH nepe)I(HJIH

KaKHe-TO nepeMeHbI HO Y HHX He ObIJIO TaKoro rnYOOKoro nOTpJIshy

eeHIfJI KaK Y HaC BeHrpbI rrOTepHJIH nOClle BOHHbI TpaHCHJIbBaHHIO

3Ta 3aH03a CHlJHT B HX DyWax BepoJITHO lJ0 CHX rrop HO 3aTO OHH

MHoro rrpHoopenH - HeKOTOpylO la)KRTOIHOCTb YCTOHlHBOCTb I1cshy

TOpllJI PYMbIHHH TOlKe He CTOJIb lJpaMaTHlJHa KaK Hawa MbIoopeqeshy

HbI BJIaIHTb Ha ITJIeqax orpoMHbIii rpY3 CBoero TblCIIlJeJIeTHero orrbIshy

Ta npouecc pa3pbma C TpaDHUWlMH YCBoeHHe HOBblX qOPM He MOshy

)KeT OblTb JIerKHM He MO)l(eT HIJTH rnaIJKo H nOCTerreHHO HeH30e)Kshy

HbI nOTpllCeHIfJI KOTopbIe B TOH HJIH HHOH qOPMe OYDyT BpeMII OT

BpeMeHH BbIXOIJHTb Hapy)K nOBTOpHTbCII TeM ooJIee lITO lJ0 CHX

rrop )KRBbl Bce 3TH JIreJIJIOHCKHe MellTaHHH 0 BeJIHKOH 3KcnaHCHH

Ha BOCTOK KOTopble H3BeCTHbI HaM H3 POMaHOB CeHKeBHtJa OHH

)l(HBYT B C03HaHHH rrOJIIIKOB rrOTOMY lITO HX JIeJIeMH B pa3HbIX

CIlOllX o6mecma Bee nOKOJIeHIfJI BocnHTaHbI Ha lTHX HlJellX H rrposhy

lJOJI)KaIOT BOCnHTbmaTbCH Ha HHX )Ke HecMoTpll Ha Bee YCHJIHII C

HaweH CTOpoHbI nepeqepKHYTb lTO OlJllHM MaXOM HeB03MO)I(H0

3Toro HeJIb311 HcnpaBHTb caMbIMH JIOBKO HanHCaHHbIMH yqeOHHKaMH

HCTOPHH H CTaTbllMH (npaBDa II H He ymep)l(DalO lITO HaITHcaHHoe

ObIJIO lJOCTaTOIHO yMHO HaBepHHKa enelJOBano ObI MeHbwe lJeHCTshy

BHTeJIbHbIX qaKTOB laManlJHBaTb) Ho pacClHTbmaTb Ha TO lITO TOT

HJIH HHOH palrOBOp qHJIbM HJIH KHHra la 30-40 JIeT MOryT H3MeHHTb

C03HaHHe CIlo)I(HBweecII BeKaMH ObDIO ObI HITJII03HeH KaKOHHH

oyIJb ytJHTeJIb Mor BnaCTb B pa30qapoBaHHe eCllH ero YCHnHII He lJashy

DyT )l(eJIaHHbIX pe3ynbTaTOB Ho BelJb Cpa3y TaKOro He MO)KeT

CIlytJHTbCJI H He BeplO B MarHlJeCKOe B031JeHCTBHe enOB 11 Bee )I(e II

YOe)l(lJeH lITO COBOKynHOCTb noenelJOBaTeJIbHO H YMeJIO rrpoBOIJHshy

MbIX HaMH lJeHCTBHH B KOHeIHOM ClJeTe rrpHHeeeT pelYJIbTaT H

C03DaCT HOBoe C03HaHHe Y nOJIIIKOB 1160 npoHBHTCII - lJOJI)l(HbI

rrpOJIBHTbCH - BbIrOlJb1 HOBOH CHCTeMbI EcJIH He YHHIlTO)KRT Hac

aTOMHaH BoiiHa H Mbl Bee He KaHeM B JIeTY TO HaCyYnHT HaKOHeu

rrepeJIOM B HX MbWIJIeHHH lITO npllDaCT eMY HOBoe COlJep)KaHHe H

KalJeCmo 11 TOrDa MbI KOMMYHHCTbI CMO)KeM npHBeCTH B lJeHCTBHe

Bee npHHIJHnbl lJeMOKpaTHH qero Tenepb Mbl CIJeJIaTb He MO)l(eM HOO

lTO 3aKOHlJHTCJI HallIHM nop~eHHeM H YCTpaHeHHeM MO)KeT ObITb

no rrpoH30HIJeT qepe3 50 JIeT MO)l(eT ObITb Qepe3 100 HHe XOTeJI ObI

npopoQeCmOBaTb HO H ysepeH lITO KorDa-HHOYIJb 3TO npoH30HDeT

Hepeeoo BaOUMa MeHUKepa

199 198

KTO XOpollIHH nmUIK a KTO - HeT HO lJpyme CTaIIH lleHCTBOBan

OIJHH KpHWlH lITO OHH XOTJIT BOCKpeCHTb HaDHOHanbHYIO lJeMOshy

KpaTHIO lJpyme XOTeJIH BOCCTaHOBHTb napTHIO TpYlJa TpeO(manH

TaKHX peipOPM H lTaKHX pecpOpM fOMynKa paCTepMCJI OH CTan

nOnpaBJIJITb caMora eefiJI HHorDa npaBHJIbHO HHorlJa HeT HOO Y

Hero He XBaTanO tTbJI H nOHHMaHHJI KaK OTIJeJIHTb OIJHO OT lJpyshy

roro A nOCKOJIbKY MbICJIHJI OH Y3KO TO OecnpepbmHO coBepwan

OllIHOKH K TOMY lKe OH He o6JIaDaJI TanaHTOM OpraHHlaTOpa HMeJI

MHO)Kecmo HelJOCTaTKOB ObD1 CJ1HWKOM caMOYBepeH H qpe3Mepshy

HO BepHJI B apHqMeTHqeCKHe paCqeTbI OH OTTOJIKHYJI OT eeOJI

HeCKOJIbKHX YMHbIX npeDaHHbIX napTHH nlOIJeH no-rnynoMY OOMshy

CJI CTapoH HHTeJIJIHreHlJHH H WeJI Ha OOOCTpeHHe KYpca 3a eleT

peqOpM A noqeMY 1-13 OOJI3HH H3-3a onaceHHH H33a TOro qTO

nOTepJDl rOJIOBY B KOHUe KOHUOB lJ0 Hero lJoumo OKOHtJayeJIbHO

qTO nOlJHJlJIaCb BOJIHa CTpeMlIeHHJI K He3aBHCHMOCTH KOTOPYJO

HY)l(HO CIJep)KaTb HOO eCllH He olJOJIeTb ee OHa ero 3aXJIeCTHeT

KaK OKeaH

- H 00 KaKUX nop ebl Hf1MepeeaeTeCb C31UM 6oporbCJl

- 1160 H 100 JIeTeCJ1H nOHalJOOHTCJI HO 3TO HY)l(HO olJOJIeTb

(6heT KYJlaKOM no croJlY)

- Ho eeOb U3a 150 He OOoJI(IlU

- Ho OlJeJIeeM (KPHIHT) HapolJ lJOJIlKeH BJIHTbCJI B HOBble

410pMbI llOJIlKeH

-Her

- KOHeIHO lITO ObI HapolJ npHHJDl HOBbIe ueHHOCTH HHbIe

qOpMbl )KR3HH HeOOXOIJHM nepenOM KaKOrO eme He 0bD10 B ero

TbICJIlJeJIeTHeH HCTOpHH 150 JIeT pOCCHHCKoro ymeTeHIfJI H OOPbObl

C POCCHeH HeJIerKO BbIlJepKHyn H3 naMJITH 3TO OCTaBHJIO rnyooKHe

CIlelJbI B HapolJllOM C03HaHHH HH Y OlJllOH CTpaHbI HeT TaKOrO HCshy

TOpHqeCKOrO onblTa KaK Y Hac B 3TOM OTHOIDeHHH HH qeXH HH

BeHrpbI HH PYMblHbI He MorYT CpaBHHTbCJI C HaMH qeXH nepe)I(HJIH

KaKHe-TO nepeMeHbI HO Y HHX He ObIJIO TaKoro rnYOOKoro nOTpJIshy

eeHIfJI KaK Y HaC BeHrpbI rrOTepHJIH nOClle BOHHbI TpaHCHJIbBaHHIO

3Ta 3aH03a CHlJHT B HX DyWax BepoJITHO lJ0 CHX rrop HO 3aTO OHH

MHoro rrpHoopenH - HeKOTOpylO la)KRTOIHOCTb YCTOHlHBOCTb I1cshy

TOpllJI PYMbIHHH TOlKe He CTOJIb lJpaMaTHlJHa KaK Hawa MbIoopeqeshy

HbI BJIaIHTb Ha ITJIeqax orpoMHbIii rpY3 CBoero TblCIIlJeJIeTHero orrbIshy

Ta npouecc pa3pbma C TpaDHUWlMH YCBoeHHe HOBblX qOPM He MOshy

)KeT OblTb JIerKHM He MO)l(eT HIJTH rnaIJKo H nOCTerreHHO HeH30e)Kshy

HbI nOTpllCeHIfJI KOTopbIe B TOH HJIH HHOH qOPMe OYDyT BpeMII OT

BpeMeHH BbIXOIJHTb Hapy)K nOBTOpHTbCII TeM ooJIee lITO lJ0 CHX

rrop )KRBbl Bce 3TH JIreJIJIOHCKHe MellTaHHH 0 BeJIHKOH 3KcnaHCHH

Ha BOCTOK KOTopble H3BeCTHbI HaM H3 POMaHOB CeHKeBHtJa OHH

)l(HBYT B C03HaHHH rrOJIIIKOB rrOTOMY lITO HX JIeJIeMH B pa3HbIX

CIlOllX o6mecma Bee nOKOJIeHIfJI BocnHTaHbI Ha lTHX HlJellX H rrposhy

lJOJI)KaIOT BOCnHTbmaTbCH Ha HHX )Ke HecMoTpll Ha Bee YCHJIHII C

HaweH CTOpoHbI nepeqepKHYTb lTO OlJllHM MaXOM HeB03MO)I(H0

3Toro HeJIb311 HcnpaBHTb caMbIMH JIOBKO HanHCaHHbIMH yqeOHHKaMH

HCTOPHH H CTaTbllMH (npaBDa II H He ymep)l(DalO lITO HaITHcaHHoe

ObIJIO lJOCTaTOIHO yMHO HaBepHHKa enelJOBano ObI MeHbwe lJeHCTshy

BHTeJIbHbIX qaKTOB laManlJHBaTb) Ho pacClHTbmaTb Ha TO lITO TOT

HJIH HHOH palrOBOp qHJIbM HJIH KHHra la 30-40 JIeT MOryT H3MeHHTb

C03HaHHe CIlo)I(HBweecII BeKaMH ObDIO ObI HITJII03HeH KaKOHHH

oyIJb ytJHTeJIb Mor BnaCTb B pa30qapoBaHHe eCllH ero YCHnHII He lJashy

DyT )l(eJIaHHbIX pe3ynbTaTOB Ho BelJb Cpa3y TaKOro He MO)KeT

CIlytJHTbCJI H He BeplO B MarHlJeCKOe B031JeHCTBHe enOB 11 Bee )I(e II

YOe)l(lJeH lITO COBOKynHOCTb noenelJOBaTeJIbHO H YMeJIO rrpoBOIJHshy

MbIX HaMH lJeHCTBHH B KOHeIHOM ClJeTe rrpHHeeeT pelYJIbTaT H

C03DaCT HOBoe C03HaHHe Y nOJIIIKOB 1160 npoHBHTCII - lJOJI)l(HbI

rrpOJIBHTbCH - BbIrOlJb1 HOBOH CHCTeMbI EcJIH He YHHIlTO)KRT Hac

aTOMHaH BoiiHa H Mbl Bee He KaHeM B JIeTY TO HaCyYnHT HaKOHeu

rrepeJIOM B HX MbWIJIeHHH lITO npllDaCT eMY HOBoe COlJep)KaHHe H

KalJeCmo 11 TOrDa MbI KOMMYHHCTbI CMO)KeM npHBeCTH B lJeHCTBHe

Bee npHHIJHnbl lJeMOKpaTHH qero Tenepb Mbl CIJeJIaTb He MO)l(eM HOO

lTO 3aKOHlJHTCJI HallIHM nop~eHHeM H YCTpaHeHHeM MO)KeT ObITb

no rrpoH30HIJeT qepe3 50 JIeT MO)l(eT ObITb Qepe3 100 HHe XOTeJI ObI

npopoQeCmOBaTb HO H ysepeH lITO KorDa-HHOYIJb 3TO npoH30HDeT

Hepeeoo BaOUMa MeHUKepa

199 198