Key fig enshealth - EurOhex 61038 Note: (') 1991, (2) 1992, (3) 1993, (4) 1994, (5) 1995 Source:...
Transcript of Key fig enshealth - EurOhex 61038 Note: (') 1991, (2) 1992, (3) 1993, (4) 1994, (5) 1995 Source:...
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E U R O P E A N
COMMISSION eurostat ülBäii THEME 3 Population and social conditions
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Key figuc^health Pocketbook
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg:
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999
ISBN 92-828-6482-0
© European Communities, 1999
Printed in Belgium
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER
Symbols and abbreviations
* Provisional or estimated data : not available -nil . not applicable 0 less than half the unit used
EU-15 EU-12
Β DK D EL E F IRL I L NL A Ρ FIN S UK
European Union of Fifteen European Community of Twelve (without A, FIN, sincerely) Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom
III
List of tables
Pages
Population Population Statistics, EU-15 1,2
Births and Deaths Vital Statistics, EU-15 3,4
Life Styles Consumption of cigarettes, number of person per year, 1994, EU-15 8 Percentage of population (age over 15) who are daily cigarette smokers, EU-15, 1995 8
Working Conditions Accidents at work with more than three days of absence per 100 000 workers, 1994, EU-15 10
Envrionment Emissions per capita, EU-15 11
Perceived Health and Morbidity Health Status, 1994, EU-12 13, 14, 15 Life expectancy and life expectancy without disability (in years at birth), 1994, EU-12 16 New AIDS cases per million of population, 1996, EU-15 17 Percentage of women (50 years and over) reporting a mammography, 1996, EU-15 17 Percentage of women (25 years and over) reporting a cervical smear test, 1996, EU-15 17
Mortality Standard populations (World and European) 18 Mortality: Standardised death rates, per 100 000 population, selected causes of death, 1995, EU-15 19,20 Road accident deaths, 1996, EU-15 22
Health Ressources and Output Total health expenditure per head of population in PPS (Purchasing Power Standard), 1996-1997, EU-15 . . . . 24 Total health expenditure as percentage of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 1996-1997, EU-15 24 Hospital beds per 100 000 inhabitants, 1990 and 1994, EU-15 25 Percentage of employment in Health and Social Work sector over total employment, 1996 and 1997, EU-15 25 Number of physicians per 100 000 inhabitants, 1990 and 1995, EU-15 26 Number of dentists per 100 000 inhabitants, 1990 and 1995, EU-15 26
IV
List of figures
Pages
Births and Deaths Life expectancy at birth, 1950-2050, EU-15 5 Total population, 1950-2050, EU-15 6
Life Styles Alcohol consumption: litres of alcohol sold per capita, 1994, EU-15 7 Percentage of men and women aged 15-34 who are daily cigarette smokers, 1995, EU-15 9
Perceived Health and Morbidity Percentage of population (16 years and over) with perceived health "very bad" and "bad", 1994, EU-12 . . . . 12
Mortality Change in the number of deaths on EU roads, 1995/1989, in %, EU-15 21
Health Ressources and Output Change (1980-1993) in total and public health expenditure, in constant prices, EU-15 27
For more information, please contact:
Marleen De Smedt Tel: (352) 4301 33673 Fax: (352) 4301 35399
E-mail: [email protected]
KEY FIGURES,
HEALTH AND HEALTH DETERMINANTS
This brochure provides a limited selection of key figures on health and health determinants. The present selection focusses on some core items. In health statistics comparability of data between Member States is, as with many social statistics, difficult for several reasons. Most data which are derived from administrations are determined by social insurance, by the organisation of health care services and the financing of the system. National rules and regulations have a great influence on the quality and comparability of statistics, e.g. on population coverage, specific definitions and classifications. Data based on population surveys tend to be more comparable, but are not always available for all Member States according to the same specification and period. For these and other methodological reasons many differences between Member States should be taken as indicative; small differences between countries should be handled with great care. In some cases the differences could lead to the formulation of hypothesis for conducting in-depth investigations.
The choice of statistical measures is arbitrary. Some readers would prefer absolute numbers; others standardised rates and some ratios or crude rates. Whenever possible emphasis is placed on measures most appropriate for showing the difference between countries, complemented by other measures allowing for a more balanced appraisal. However choice of core items, measures and comparability is influenced greatly deal by incomplete sources, inadequate details and poor harmonisation. Eurostat's thanks go to all international and governmental agencies, in particular to the partners in the framework of the LEG Health, whose co-operation has been indispensable for the compilation of this brochure.
VII
Population na Population statistics, EU-15
EU-15
1.1.1996
1.1.1996
1.1.1997
1.1.1998
2020 , ! . , „ „ , ,2
119
B D K D E L E F I R L I L N L Inhabita nts/km2
332 122 329 79 78 106 52 190 160 374 Total population (x1000)
39242 58258 3620 57333 413 15494 39299 58492 3652 57461 418 15567 39348 58723* 3693* 57563 424 15650* 40307 62831 3909 56543 501 17204
372670 373713
374 566* 388233
10143 10170 10192 10658
5251 5275 5295 5526
81818 82012 82060 84670
10465 10487 10508 11269
96
8055 8068 8075 8443
108
9921 9934 9957 10513
FIN
15
5117 5132 5147 5350
20
UK
240
8838 58704
8844 58902
8848 59084
9470 61038
Note: (') 1991, (2) 1992, (3) 1993, (4) 1994, (5) 1995
Source: Eurostat - Demographic satisfies
eurostat
Population statistics ;V :
Men
Women
Aged under 15
Aged 65 and over
Net migration
Foreign residents
, EU-15 EU-15
48.8
51.2
17.3
15.8
741.6*
17185*
Β
48.9
51.1
17.8
16.3
16.3*
922
DK
49.4
50.6
17.8
15.0
17.5
197
D
48.7
51.3
16.1
15.7
281.5
6991
EL
49.3
50.7
16.1
16.2
21.6
153
E
48.9
51.1
16.0
15.8
47.1*
461
F
48.7
51.3
19.2
15.4
34.2*
3 597 (2)
IRL I
1997 (%)
49.6 48.5
50.4 51.5
23.2 14.7
11.4 17.1
1996 (χ1000)
13.2* 159.4*
1995 (χ1000)
914 624 (4)
L
49.1
50.9
18.6
14.2
3.7
133 (4)
NL
49.4
50.6
18.4
13.4
21.3
757
Α
48.5
51.5
17.3
15.3
5.0
518 (1)
Ρ
48.2
51.8
17.3
14.9
10.2
157
FIN
48.7
51.3
18.9
14.5
3.9
62
Population
S
49.4
50.6
18.8
17.4
5.8
499 (3)
UK
49.1
50.9
19.3
15.7
100.8*
2 024 C)
N o t e : ( ' ) 1 9 9 1 , ( 2 ) 1992, (3) 1993 , (4) 1994, (5) 1995
Source: Eurostat - Demographic satis tics
Births and Deaths
Vital s t a t i s t i c s , EU-15
Live births (xlOOO) Crude birth rate (per 1000)
% of first births
Deaths (xlOOO)
Crude death rate (per 1000) Infant mortality
(per 1000 live births)
EU-15
4 034.6*
10.8
38.6
3 699.533
10.0
5.5*
Β
116.2*
11.4
41.9 (3)
104.2
10.4
5.6*
DK
67.6
12.9
46.2
59.9
11.6
5.6
D
796.0
9.7 37.6 (5)
860.4
10.8
5.0
EL
100.7
9.6
46.7
101.0
9.6
7.2
E
358.9*
9.1 51.9 (5)
356.3
8.9
6.0*
' F
735.3*
12.6
27.84
534.0
9.2
4.8*
IRL 1996
50.4*
13.9
37.7
31.6
8.7
5.5*
I
525.6*
9.2
51.15
553.1
9.7
5.9*
L
5.7
13.7
34.7 (5)
3.9
9.4
4.9
NL
189.5
12.2
45.3
136.0
8.9
5.7
A
88.8
11.0
44.4
79.4
10.0
5.1
Ρ
110.4
11.1
52.7
104.8
10.8
6.9
FIN
60.7
11.8
39.3
49.1
9.6
4.0
S
95.3
10.8
40.9
93.3
10.6
4.0
\=VA eurostat
UK
733.4
12.5
28.1
632.5
10.8
6.1
Note: (') 1991, (2) 1992, (3) 1993, (") 1994, (5) 1995
Source: Eurostat - Demographic satistics
L^ Births and Deaths
Vital s t a t i s t i c s , EU-15
Deaths (xlOOO) Infant mortality
(per 1000 live births)
Life expectancy
men
women
men
women
EU-15 Β DK IRL I H H WB--';·· NL A Ρ FIN 1997
3722.8 104.3 61.0 882.8 100.7 349.3 536.8 31.5 547.4 3.9 137.6 80.8 107.3 49.2
5.3* 6.1* 5.3* 4.9' 6.3* 5.7* 5.0* 6.2* 5.5* 4.2 5.2* 4.7 6.6 3.9
1996
74.0* 73.8* 73.0* 73.6 75.1 74.4* 74.1* 73.3* 74.9* 73.3 74.7 73.9 71.1 73.0
80.5* 80.5* 78.2* 79.9 80.4 81.6* 82.0* 78.7* 81.3* 79.9 80.3 80.2 78.6 80.5
1997 : : 73.7* 75.1* : 74.2* : 74.9* 73.50 74.2* 71.40 73.3*
: 80.0* 81.4* 82.1* 81.3* 79.60 80.5* 78.70 80.3*
S UK
94.1 636.0
3.6 5.9*
76.5
81.5
76.7'
81.8*
74.3
79.4
Note: (') 1991, (2) 1992, (3) 1993, f4) 1994, (5) 1995
Source: Eurostat - Demographic satistics
Births and Deaths rea
Years L i f e e x P e c t a n c y a t b i r t h> 1950-2050, EU-15
90
85
80
75
70
Life expectancy is calculated from observed age-specific mortality rates which can be assumed to develop in the coming years according to trends which were observed in the previous years (baseline scenario). It can also be assumed that mortality will continue to decrease but at a slower rate than previously (low scenario), or at a higher rate than previously (high scenario).
Source: Eurostat - Demographic Statistics
65 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year HIGH 'BASE LOW
L^ Births and Deaths
Millions 500
450
Total population, 1950-2050, EU-15 For population projections three factors are important: fertility, life expectancy and net migration.
For the 'low scenario' for each factor low projections were chosen, for the 'high scenario' high projections and for the 'baseline scenario' medium projections.
400
350
300
Source: Eurostat - Demographic Statistics
250 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year HIGH "BASE LOW
Life Styles L^
Alcohol consumption: Litres of alcohol
UK , , . . „ „ . . - , . , , . I 9.3
s ; : ! | 6.5
FIN 8.2
Ρ 13
A S *" . 12
NL y,7
L
I . ; 10.3
IRL 11.2
F
E S 12
kL* '■; ÎVMÏÎ" ' ' 0 · ο
B M W — 12
0 5 10
.1
1 15.3
14.1
15 20
Consumption of alcoholic drinks and of tobacco products are
important health determinants. There are two main data sources:
population surveys and statistics on sales. Data on sales have a
disadvantage for use as health determinants because they can not
give population characteristics, e.g. number of drinks in a week by
age and sex. Special care should be taken with the interpretation of
data about consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in the Member
States. Due to differences in retail prices (mainly caused by
differences in taxes) people buy those products not only in their
home country but also in other Member States. Therefore in some
Member States, e.g. Luxembourg, sales to nonresidents may be
substantial. And the proportion of products sold to nonresidents in
the different Member States may be very different. Therefore non
survey data do not reflect properly the consumption of the
inhabitants of the Member States. As a result data based on sales
statistics have mainly a general indicative value as health indicators.
Drinking habits are not easy to measure by means of interviewing
people; whereas questions on smoking are less difficult to answer
and with less reservation than questions on beer and alcoholic
beverages.
L^ Life Styles
Consumption of cigarettes: numberperperson peryear, 1994, EU-15 EU-15 Β DK D EL E F IRL I L
3012 2119 1556 1730 1688 2140 1741 2055 1657 1815
NL A Ρ FIN S UK
1685 1660 1777 1091 992 1536
Source: WHO, Health for All Database
Percentage of population (age over 15) who are daily cigarette smokers, EU-15,1995 EU-15 Β DK D EL E F IRL I L
T o t a l 29 31 37 25 39 31 35 29 28 28
M e n 34 34 39 32 49 39 39 31 33 28
Women 25 28 37 18 29 23 31 28 24 28
Source: Eurobarometre 43.0
i 34 37 31
28 35 21
24 37 13
FIN 20 22 18
S 22 18 25
U K , 28 30 27
Life Styles L^
% Percentage of men and women aged 15-34 who are daily 60 cigarette smokers, 1995, EU-15
EU-15 Β DK D EL E <= ">> ' ' NL A Ρ FIN S UK
^Men "Women
Source: Eurobarometre 44.3
rari Working Conditions
Accidei i
Men Women
ts at work EU-15
5960 1936
with more than Β
5598 1723
DK
3333 1358
three D
7513 2165
days of EL
4752 1524
absence per E
7583 2667
F
7289 2383
100 000 IRL
947 536
worke I
5719 2179
rs, 1994 L
7982 2133
, EU-NL
5629 1829
15 A
7280 1977
Ρ
10029 2862
FIN
5295 1717
S
1329 698
UK
2431 1130
Source: Eurostat - European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW)
Environment \m
Emissions percapita, EU-15
EU-15 B DK
1996C0 2 ( t ) 8.0 11.5 14.1
l 9 9 4 S 0 2 ( k g ) 25 30
1994N0 2 (kg) 33 36 53
D
10.9
37
27
EL
7.8
33
E
5.8
53
31
F
6.3
17
26
IRL
9.6
49
33
1
7.0
25
37
L
21.6
31
57
NL.
11.5
9
35
A
7.3
7
22
Ρ
4.4
26
26
FIN
11.7
22
56
■S'
6.6
11
45
UK
9.4
46
42
Source'. Eurostat - Environmental statistics
L^ Perceived Health and Morbidity
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Percentage of population (16 years and
over) with perceived health "very bad" and
"bad", 1994, EU-12
I ■
Bad "Very bad
Source: Eurostat - European Household Panel (ECHP)
The European Community Household Panel (ECHP) is a multi
dimensional and multipurpose survey which covers income,
demographic and labour force characteristics, health, education,
housing, migration and other topics. The survey is based on a
harmonised questionnaire which was designed centrally at
Eurostat and was then adapted by National Collection Units to
reflect national institutional differences.
Health questions in the ECHP used in this chapter:
115. How is your health in general? (very good; good; fair; bad;
very bad)
116. Are you hampered in your daily activities by any chronic
physical or mental problem, illness or disability? (yes, severely;
yes to some extent; no)
Because health is related to age, and the age distribution varies
between EU Member States it could be misleading to compare
Member States totals without age standardisation. For that
reason 'agestandardised' figures are calculated for all Member
States. The age distribution according to the 'European standard
population' was used to recalculate the Member State totals.
Perceived Health and Morbidity [m
Health Status, 1994, EU-12
Hampered in daily activities
because of chronic conditions
Yes, severely
Yes, to some extent
No
EU-12 Β
% not standardised
16
76
6
15
79
DK
5
15
80
EL E F ( ' ) IRL
% standardised according to age
7
18
76
10
83
6
12
82
10
9
81
4
14
82
7
15
78
4
19
77
NL
7
19
75
PÒ
Note:(') France: perceived health = satisfaction with health, (3) Portugal: cutdown of activities: 'physical' includes 'physical and mental'
(2) Cutdown of activities: Euri 1 (excl. France)
Source: Eurostat - European Community Household Panel (ECHP)
UK
9 5
19 18
72 77
aa Perceived Health and Morbidity
Health S t a t u s , 1994, EU-12
Cutdown of activities in two weeks
because of physical and/or mental
reasons ( )
Physical and mental
Physical
Mental
No
EU-12 Β
% not standardised
1
11
1
86
2
89
DK
3
13
2
83
EL E F ( ) IRL
% standardised according to age
1
14
1
83
1
7
1
92
1
10
1
87
NL PÒ
Note:( ) France: perceived health = satisfaction with health, (") Portugal: cutdown of activities: 'physical' includes 'physical and mental'
( ) Cutdown of activities: Euri 1 (excl. France)
Source: Eurostat - European Community Household Panel (ECHP)
UK
2
8
2
89
0
4
1
95
2
11
2
86
4
13
3
81
13
5
83
2
12
1
85
Perceived Health and Morbidity L=0
Health S t a t u s , 1994, EU-12
Cutdown of activities in two weeks
because of physical and/or mental
reasons ( )
Physical and mental
Physical
Mental
No
EU-12 Β
% not standardised
DK D EL E F (') IRL I
% standardised according to age
NL P Ò
Note: (') France: perceived health = satisfaction with health, Ò Portugal: cutdown of activities: 'physical' includes 'physical and mental'
(2) Cutdown of activities: Euri 1 (excl. France)
Source: Eurostat - European Community Household Panel (ECHP)
UK
1
11
1
86
1
8
2
89
3
13
2
83
1
14
1
83
1
7
1
92
1
10
1
87
2
8
2
89
0
4
1
95
2
1 1
2
86
4
13
3
81
13
5
83
2
12
1
85
\ΜΔ Perceived Health and Morbidity
Life expectancy and life expectancy without disability (in years at birth), 1994, EU-12 TDTT 1 ̂ D T\V T\ C T C c EU-12 Β
Men Life expectancy Life expectancy without disability Life expectancy without severe disability
73.6 59.7 69.2
73.3 60.3 69.3
DK
72.7 60.7 69.6
D
73.0 56.6 68.0
EL
75.1 62.9 70.4
74.2 61.8 70.0
73.7 60.1
IRL
73.1 61.2 70.5
74.4 60.2 69.7
73.1 59.1 70.0
NL
74.5 58.9 70.1
71.6 55.0 66.0
UK
74.0 59.0 70.5
Women Life expectancy 79.8 80.1 78.0 79.5 80.1 81.4 81.8 78.6 80.7 79.8 80.2 78.5 79.3 Life expectancy without disability 61.5 61.4 61.2 60.0 65.0 63.5 64.6 63.9 60.8 61.0 58.8 56.7 60.8 Life expectancy without severe disability 74.3 74.3 73.8 74.0 74.4 75.4 72.8 75.7 73.8 76.5 74.0 71.8 74.7
Source: Eurostat - Mortality statistics and European Community Household Panel. Calculated by INSERM (Euroreves)
Perceived Health and Morbidity
N e w AIDS
Men
Women
c a s e s p e r mill ion o f popi
EU-15 Β DK
65
16
34 50
13 10
illation.
D
27
5
1996,
F
109
26
EU-15
EL
35
8
E
249
63
IRL I L NL A
19 133 45 43 28
10 43 14 8 6
Ρ
136
25
FIN
8
1
S
25
5
eurostat
UK
37
8
Source : European Centre for Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS, Paris
Percentage of women (50 years and over) reporting a mammography, 1996, EU-15
EU-15 Β DK D EL E F IRL WÊk L NL A Ρ FIN S UK
29 18 _50_ 75 18_ 21 31 4 22 _36__ 46 36 24 _ 34 52 27
Source: European Commission DG X - Eurobarometre 44.3
Percentage of women (25 years and over) reporting a cervical smear test, 1996, EU-15
EU-15 Β DK D EL E F IRL. I L ?■ 'NL&' A Ρ FN S UK
39 44 67 47 36 30 55 18 33 46 29 52 24 41 31 32
Source: European Commission DG X - Eurobarometre 44.3
[Mi Mortality
Causes of death are regrouped from detailed data, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organisation. The absolute numbers for 1995 are estimates based on definitive data for 13 Member States and data of previous years for 2 Member States.
Comparison of the general (total) mortality rates in Member States is affected by the differences of age structure of the populations. In a relatively 'old population' there will be more deaths than in a 'young population' because mortality is higher in higher age groups. For comparisons the age effect can be offset by the use of a standard population. The standardised death rate (SDR) - here calculated according to direct method - is thus an adjusted crude rate that enables comparisons to be made between countries and between the two sexes. However one should not recalculate absolute numbers from the given SDRs.
The standard reference population is the 'standard European population' i.e. structured by age in the 'region of Europe' as defined by the WHO.
Standard populat ions (world and European) Age group World European (years) 0 2400 1600 1-4 9 600 6 400 5-9 10 000 7 000 10-14 9000 7000 15-19 9000 7 000 20-24 8000 7000 25-29 8 000 7 000 30-34 6 000 7 000 35-39 6000 7 000 40-44 6000 7000 45-49 6 000 7 000 50-54 5 000 7 000 55-59 4 000 6000 60-64 4 000 5000 65-69 3 000 4 000 70-74 2 000 3 000 75-79 1000 2 000 80-84 500 1000 85+ 500 1 000 Total 100000 100 000
Source: J.Waterhouse et al. (eds). Cancer incidence in five continents, Lyon, IARC, 1976 (Vol.3 pi456).
Mortality
Mortality: S t a n d a r d i s e d dea l Men
AIDS (HIV-disease) Cancers: Oesophagus
Lip, oral cavity, pharynx Larynx &trachea/bronchus/Iung Breast
Alcoholic abuse Ischaemic heart diseases Cerebrovascular diseases Asthma Chronic liver disease Transport accidents Suicide and intentional self-harm All causes of death
th r a t e s , \
EU-15* # o f
deaths 15 960 17 080 15 800
151710 510
8 540 330 920 167 600
6 290 33 230 35 820 34 730
1855 200
per 100 000
SDR 8.1 8.9 8.5
77.4 0.3 4.7
167.0 ' 84.1
3.2 17.7 18.6 14.3
947.6
B(')
SDR 2.7 8.2 8.4
113.6 0.4 3.6
132.3 76,9 3.5
14.2 25.9 30.1
1041.0
popi) DK
SDR 8.3 8.7 6.4
81.7 0.2 6.5
257.8 92.3 4.1
21.4 16.5 23.5
1215.0
ι la tior D
SDR ; 4.0 7.5 8.8
73.2 0.3
10.8 216.6 90.5 6.9
30.5 17.2 21.8
1012.0
ι, s e l e c t e d ι ELf;. E
SDR ; 1.1 2.1 2.8
77.5 0.1 0.9
128.1 119.9
0.9 7.9
33.8 5.5
846.0
SDR 21.9 8.1 9.6
81.8 0.3 1.3
103.4 79.9 1.7
24.2 22.4 11.7
896.7
c a u s e s of di ρ
SDR ; 13.2 13.8 16.1 77.9 0.4 6.9
84.5 58.0 2.9
22.9 20.6 29.3
911.6
IRL
SDR 2.5
10.6 6.9
68.5 0.5 1.9
301.8 78.2 3.5 3.2
18.2 18.5
1098.0
e a t h , 1995 , EU-15
I( ) L NL A
SDR 11.6 5.7 7.8
86.8
1.0 124.6 92.8 2.2 1.6
21.0 11.0
891.2
SDR 2.3
10.4 13.5 92.3
5.0 141.1 100.1
5.6 24.0 24.8 21.3
987.8
SDR SDR 4.5 9.7 4.2
96.8 0.3 1.7
164.4 67.7 0.1 6.2
11.9 12.5
954.4
3.4 5.5 9.1
65.3 0.5 5.6
211.8 92.5 4.9
38.3 22.2 32.9
978.1
SDR 16.2 7.5 8.6
49.0 0.6 1.2
102.7 212.8
3.0 34.5 39.9 11.9
1138.0
FIN
SDR 1.2 5.8 3.6
64.5 0.1 4.2
303.9 101.5
1.7 15.7 34.8 41.8
1094.0
g
SDR 1.5 3.7 3.0
34.5 0.2 5.9
230.4 69.2 2.0 7.5 9.4
20.3 825.6
I4H eurostat
UK
SDR 1.6
12.8 4.1
75.4 0.3 1.0
258.2 78.7
1.9 8.8 9.2
11.3 972.5
Note: (1) 1993, f) 1994 Source: Eurostat - Mortality statistics
¡m " ° — ' Mortality
Mortality: Standardised death rates, per 100 000 population, selected causes of death, 1995, EU-15
Women
AIDS (HIV-disease)
Cancers: Oesophagus
Lip, oral cavity, pharynx
Larynx & trachea/bronchus/lung
Breast
Alcoholic abuse
Ischaemic heart diseases
Cerebrovascular diseases
Asthma
Chronic liver disease
Complications ofpregnancy
Transport accidents
Suicide intentional self-harm
All causes of death
EU-15
# o f
deaths
3 520
5990
4060
40 470
76190
2 240
294 520
260 000
7160
16 800
230
12430
12 660
1 876 640
SDR
1.8
2.0
1.5
15.1
30.4
1.1
80.3
67.9
2.4
7.2
0.1
6.6
4.6
556.7
B( ' )
SDR 0.6
1.7
2.0
13.8
35.0
1.0
60.4
61.8
2.7
7.5
0.1
8.1
10.2
588.4
DK
SDR
1.0
3.1
2.4
42.2
44.4
1.9
137.8
72.7
3.9
10.4
0.3
6.6
9.8
802.5
D
SDR 0.7
1.5
1.7
13.8
31.7
2.6
108.7
71.2
3.8
12.3
0.1
5.8
7.1
598.5
EL
SDR 0.2
0.8
0.8
10.9
22.9
0.0
57.4
124.0
0.7
2.8
9.8
1.1
571.2
E
SDR 5.0
0.7
1.2
6.0
24.7
0.2
46.5
64.5
1.8
7.9
0.1
6.4
3.2
497.7
F
SDR 2.9
1.6
1.9
9.6
28.4
1.6
34.7
40.4
2.5
9.2
0.2
7.3
9.9
473.5
IRL
SDR 0.4
6.0
2.0
28.5
37.1
1.2
141.6
69.5
2.5
3.1
6.0
4.9
683.4
Κ2)
SDR 3.0
1.1
1.4
11.8
28.7
0.2
59.4
75.3
1.3
0.8
0.1
5.8
3.2
524.1
L
SDR
0.5
2.5
0.8
14.6
36.3
3.4
54.9
78.9
4.1
7.1
0.4
8.9
8.0
539.5
NL
SDR 0.7
3.0
1.5
19.9
36.6
0.5
71.0
57.6
0.3
3.6
0.2
4.3
6.1
564.6
A
SDR 0.6
0.7
1.5
14.5
31.4
1.1
108.0
74.0
2.1
12.6
0.0
6.4
9.2
582.8
Ρ
SDR 2.8
1.3
1.1
7.5
24.9
0.2
52.9
167.9
1.8
10.0
0.2
10.2
3.9
676.5
FIN
SDR 0.1
1.9
1.5
10.4
25.1
0.7
140.6
827
1.5
4.7
0.0
9.0
11.4
589.9
S
SDR 0.5
1.3
1.4
17.8
24.8
1.0
102.4
54.5
2.3
4.0
0.1
3.5
8.4
510.7
UK
SDR 0.2
5.3
1.5
30.5
35.6
0.4
120.0
69.8
2.4
5.1
0.2
3.2
3.0
615.5 A Note:(')1993,D1994
Source: Eurostat - Mortality statistics
Mortality L^
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Change in the number of deaths on EU roads, 1995/1989, in %, EU-15
o
The data on victims of road traffic accidents cover all categories of road users: pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, car drivers, etc. The data are not derived from statistics on causes of death but from other national registries, e.g. on road traffic accidents.
In statistics on road traffic accidents the number of deaths is counted up to 30 days after an accident. However in some Member States another reference period is used which hampers the comparability of results in Greece (3 days), France (6 days), Italy (7 days) and Portugal (on the spot or on the way to hospital). To help comparisons, the following correction coefficients may be applied: Greece 1.1.5, France 1.60, Italy 1.08 and Portugal 1.30.
Source: Eurostat - Reglo Statistics
eurostat Mortality
Road accident deaths, 1996, EU-15 EU-15 Β DK D EL IRL FIN UK
Per million of private cars Per million of population
276.8(') 3-12.5 301 213.7 885 302.6 322.9 428.4 216(1) 306.4 205.6 278.3 574-8( ) 207.9 126 167.7
118.8(1) 142.9(1) 99.2 115.6(1) 1 9 7 . 6 1 1 3 7 1447(1) 124.9 107.8 170.9 76 127.4 211.5 78.8 60.7 64·4(1)
N o t e : ( ) 1 9 9 5
Source: Eurostat - Regio Statistics
Health Ressources and Output sa The expenditure data are taken from the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) "Ecosanté" database. In its health accounts the OECD looks at the financing aspect of health care in its entirety.
Total health expenditure includes the medical care households receive (ranging from hospitals and physicians to ambulance services and pharmaceutical products), and their health expenses, including cost-sharing and the medicines they buy on their own initiative; government-supplied health services (e.g. schools, vaccination campaigns), investment in clinics, laboratories, etc.; administration costs; research and development; industrial medicine, outlays of voluntary organizations, caritative institutions and non-governmental health plans.
Public expenditure on health is the public financed share (i.e. by central and local authorities, public health centers and social insurance bodies) of total expenditure on health, namely: direct outlays; reimbursements to households (transfers); payments to producers to lower costs (subsidies); direct investments and capital transfers to private investors; the public sector also lowers the household burden through tax deductions and tax credits.
Purchasing Power Standard (PPS): data on health expenditure reflect both volume and prices of services, but prices for the same service may be differ in Member States. PPS allows for some extent for correction of these price differences in order to obtain figures which reflect better differences in the volume of services.
L^ Health Ressources and Output
Total health expenditure per head of population in PPS (Purchasing Power Standard), 1996-1997, EU-15 Β DK D EL E F IRL I L NL Α Ρ FIN S UK
1996 1708 1802 2 278 888 1115 1983 1276 1584 2139 1766 1748 1071 1380 1675 1317 1997 1147 1848 2 339 974 1168 2103 1324 1589 2 340 1825 1793 1125 1447 1728 1347
Source: OECD Health Data 98
Total health expendi ture as p e r c e n t a g e o f GDP (Gross D o m e s t i c Product ) , 1996-1997 , EU-15 Β DK D EL E F IRL I L NL A
1996 7.8 8.0 10.5 6.8 7.4 9.7 7.0 7.8 6.8 8.6 8.0 1997 7.6 7.7 10.4 7.1 7.4 9.9 7.0 7.6 7.1 8.5 7.9
Source: OECD Health Data 98
Health Ressources and Output L ^
Hospital beds per 100 000 inhabitants, 1990 and 1994, EU-15
Β DK D EL E F IRL I L NL FIN
1990 615.0 566.7 : 507.2 427.5 977.1 625.6 723.2 1181.9 1155.3 1030.6 432.7 1254 9
-L994■..._ 593,7 503,6 760.0 497.5 402.5 906.1 __χ 653.5 ___j : 938.3 411.2
S UK
1149.4 590.0
Source: Eurostat - Labor Force Survey
Data on hospital beds include in general, university and specialised hospitals, mental hospitals, institutions for mentally weak persons nursing homes and the like.
The data have limitations because the concepts for the different institutions and for beds are different in Member States These differences hamper the comparability between the data of Member States.
Percentage of employment in Health and Social Work sector over total employment, 1996 and 1997, EU-15
Β DK . D EL E F IRL I L NL A Ρ FIN UK
1996
1997 10.6
10.8
16.8
16.7
9.2 4.4
4.4
5.4
5.6
10.3
10.5
8.3
8.5
5.6
5.8
7.3
7.1
13.2
13.5
7.7
7.8
4.5
4.6
13.9
14.5
Source: Eurostat - Labor Force Survey
20.1
19.6
10.8
10.9
L^ Health Ressources and Output
Numberof physicians per 100 000 inhabitants, 1990 and 1995, EU-15 DK EL IRL NL
1990 336.2 278.0 306.6 339.3 383.2 266.1 155.4 484.8 202.0 251.5 303.4 282.4 243.1 291.5 159.7 1995 364.5 290.6 401.7 388.9 414.4 281.7 199.8 547.4 228.2 : 339.0 293.6 269.8 i_ 164.5 Source: Eurostat - Labor Force Survey
Numberof dentists per 100 000 inhabitants, 1990 and 1995, EU-15 Β DK D EL E F IRL I NL FIN UK
1990 1995
70.9 69.8
71.6 93.2
99.2 102.1
26.7 35.8
67.8 37.4 43.6
Source: Eurostat - Labor Force Survey
52.2 53.1 43.3 46.0
17.0 25.5
90.2 93.4
105.6 38.9 41.0
Population L ^
80
60
40
20
Change (1980-1993) in total and public health
expenditure, in constant prices, EU-15
-20
Β DK D EL E F IRL I L NL A Ρ FIN S UK
Total health expenditure ■ Public health expenditure
Source:OECD - Health Data 1998
European Commission
Key figures on health — Pocketbook
Luxembourg: Office for Officiai Publications of the European Communities
1999 — 2 7 pp. — 1 0 . 5 x 2 1 cm
ISBN 92-828-6482-0
o >
o
OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES • * * OFFICE FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS
ir EUR -k
* OP * * -k * L-2985 Luxembourg
ISBN ΊΞ-flSa-L-MflB-D
789282 864821