Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

34
Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat

Transcript of Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Page 1: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

EurostatEurostat

ISCO revision

Michael MietznerEurostat

Page 2: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Introduction

• The updated International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) was adopted by a Tripartite Meeting of Experts in Labour Statistics in December 2007.

• ISCO-08 was endorsed by the Governing Body of the International Labour Organization in March 2008.

• The aim was that the updated classification, or national adaptations of it, would be available for use in the 2010 round of national population censuses.

2

Page 3: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Why was ISCO updated?

• Recent ISIC revision - similar revision cycle for ISCO since

1958

• ISCO-88 was 20 years old!

• Global economy has changed significantly (ICT etc.)

• ISCO-88 was not perfect and we have learned meantime

• Experiences gained at national level

3

Page 4: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Revision time schedule

34th session of the UN Statistical Commission 3/2003

First round of questionnaires 12-2004

Second round of questionnaires (9-2006)

Set up of Technical Expert Group for updating ISCO (TEG/ISCO) – 3/2005

1st meeting (TEG/ISCO) – 11/2005

3rd meeting (TEG/ISCO) – 12/2006

2nd meeting (TEG/ISCO) – 7/2006

4th meeting (TEG/ISCO) – 4/2007Final draft adopted by a Tripartite Meeting of Experts in Labour

Statistics 12-2007

Endorsement to the Governing Body of the International Labour

Organization 3/2008

Page 5: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

What is different in ISCO-08?Major group Sub-major groups Minor groups Unit groups

1 Managers, senior officials and legislators

4 (3) 11(8) 30 (33)

2 Professionals 6 (4) 27(18) 92 (55)

3 Technicians and associate professionals

5 (4) 21 84 (73)

4 Clerks 4 (2) 8 (7) 29 (23)

5 Service and sales workers 4 (2) 13 (9) 40 (23)

6 Skilled agricultural, fishery, and forestry workers

2 6 (6) 15 (17)

7 Craft and related trades workers 5 (4) 14 (16) 66 (70)

8 Plant and machine operators, and assemblers

3 14 (20) 44 (70)

9 Elementary occupations 6 (3) 11 (10) 33 (25)

0 Armed forces occupations 3 (1) 3 (1) 3 (1)

Total ISCO-08 (ISCO-88) 42 (28) 128 (116) 436 (390)

5

Page 6: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

General principles

Page 7: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Skill level

• The nature of the work performed has been given more emphasis than the formal education and training required in determining the skill level of an occupation.

• Jobs requiring similar tasks or skills should be always grouped together, regardless of: Qualifications held or required. The industry in which the job is held.

7

Page 8: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Skill level

• No need for parallel groups in different major groups to cater for cases where the education and training requirements for a particular occupational group differ between countries. Virtually all teaching occupations are classified in

sub-major group 24, teaching professionals. Nurses are classified in major groups 2 or 3

depending on tasks performed and not on qualifications alone.

Note: Due to differences in national practice and legislation it is not unlikely that all nurses in one country are classified in Major Group 2 and in another country they are all in Major Group 3.

• Elements of industry or sector classification should be avoided.

8

Page 9: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Detail level

• Efforts have been made to ensure that the level of detail provided is appropriate and useful considering the main purposes of an international classification.

• Given the nature of the occupational distribution of the labour market at international level, the issues of the size of groups and different levels of detail in different parts of the classification, were important, but not overriding, considerations.

• Minor groups and sub-major groups that are very small in all countries should be avoided.

• Changes made to reflect changing structure of work force.

9

Page 10: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

International comparability and consistency

• Concerns that it is not feasible to make distinctions between certain categories in ISCO-88 on a consistent basis internationally (data collected in a census or in surveys.

• Adjustments have been made that aim to improve international comparability and consistency of reporting. Example: Managers in agriculture

10

Page 11: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Basic changes

Page 12: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Corporate managers vs. general managers

• Reorganisation of managerial occupations in major group 1.• The sections of the classification dealing with managerial

occupations have been reorganised, so as to overcome problems with the distinction between corporate managers and general managers experienced by users of ISCO-88.

12

Page 13: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

ICT (Information and Communication Technology)

• Major updating and expansion of occupations in information and communications technology: 2 new sub-major groups in major groups 2 and 3. Allowing for the identification of professional and

associate professional occupations in this field at the second level of the classification.

13

Page 14: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Health services occupations

• Improved coverage and upgrading of health services occupations: Identifiable at sub-major group level in major

groups 2 and 3 and at minor group level in major group 5, sales and service workers.

providing sufficient detail to allow ISCO-08 to be used as the basis for the international reporting of data on the health work force to the World Health Organisation and other international and intergovernmental organisations.

14

Page 15: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Clerical support workers

• Reorganisation of the section of the classification dealing with office clerks: Impact of information and communications

technology. Increase from 2 to 4 sub-major groups in major

group 4, clerical support workers. Providing more meaningful detail for occupations

in which large numbers of women are employed.

15

Page 16: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Sales and service workers

• Reorganisation of the aggregate groupings for sales and service workers: Increase from 2 to 4 sub-major groups in major

group 5. Includes new groups at the second level of the

classification for personal service, personal care and protective services workers.

16

Page 17: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Agricultural workers

• More detailed categories and greater clarity for some occupational groups involved in agriculture: Farmers and farm managers are, with some

exceptions, classified in major group 6. Provision is made to allow separate identification

at the second level of the classification of skilled agricultural workers from forestry, fishery and hunting workers.

17

Page 18: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Customer service occupations

• More detailed categories are available for occupations involved in the provision of information and services to clients, including those related to tourism.

18

Page 19: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Plant and machine operators

• The groups for plant and machine operators have been rationalised, in response to concerns that this part of ISCO-88 was excessively detailed and out-of-date in some areas.

• Rationalisation and restructuring of groups for plant and machine operators: Some reduction of detail considered excessive by

many observers. New minor group for process control operators in

major group 3.

19

Page 20: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Informal sector

• Extended coverage of occupations that are significant in the informal sector: Associated increase in the number of sub-

major groups in ISCO major group 9, elementary occupations from 3 to 6.

20

Page 21: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Alternative groupings

• Thematic (or alternative) groupings will be provided based primarily on the goods or services produced, independently of skill level.

21

Page 22: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

13-Jul-07

Major Group 0

• Stable in time• Representing 0.66% of total EU employment• But nevertheless problematic

22

Page 23: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Scope of the armed forces

2 problems:• In many countries, it is not possible to produce

information about the nature of the work performed by members of the armed forces.

• Difficulty in drawing a borderline between “real military occupations” and “military occupations similar to civilian jobs”. Where to classify a military truck driver, a human resource officer, operators of electronic military equipment? Nowadays probably most of the military occupations have somehow equivalents in civil life.

23

Page 24: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Scope of the armed forces

Military forces trained for combat

Cooks

Drivers

Doctors

Secretaries

Kitchen staff

24

Page 25: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Uncommon occupations in the EU

• Traditional chiefs and heads of village• Water and firewood collectors• Subsistence crop farmers• Subsistence livestock farmers• Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers• Paramedical practitioners• Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers• Scribes and related workers• Community health workers • Medical records and health information technicians• Medical assistants

25

Page 26: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Uncommon occupations in the EU

• Hunters and trappers• Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery• Midwifery associate professionals• Hand and pedal vehicle drivers• House builders• Nursing associate professionals• Traditional and complementary medicine associate

professionals• Companions and valets• Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers

26

Page 27: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Translations of ISCO-08• English structure, definitions and correspondence table

available on ILO website on http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/index.htm

• French translation in the process of being finalised.• German translations available at Statistics Austria website

on http://www.statistik.at/web_de/klassifikationen/oeisco08_implementierung/informationen_zur_isco08/index.html

• Russian translation available on the ILO website on http://www.ilo.org/public/russian/region/eurpro/moscow/areas/isco.htm• Comments on the draft are still welcome!

27

Page 28: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Implementation

Page 29: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Developing or adapting national classifications based on ISCO

• Adopt ISCO directly for national use• Much less than ideal• Some small countries with limited resources have no

other choice• Collaborating with similar neighbouring countries may

be an option

• Adapt ISCO to suit national circumstances• A popular choice

• National occupation classification (NOC) not based on ISCO• A common situation for countries with own tradition or

history of occupation classification• May make adjustments to national classification to

improve comparability with ISCO or take advantages of new features in ISCO

29

Page 30: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Adopting ISCO directly for national use

• Some work at national level still required• Translate to national language(s) if necessary• Identify where national occupational groups/titles

fitEg for nursing occupations

• Develop national index of occupational titlesNeeded to code responses in statistical and other data collectionsISCO index can be adapted but national index should be based on terms used

in your country

• Methods for implementation in national collections

Questions, coding procedures, presentation of output

30

Page 31: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Adapt ISCO to suit national circumstances: (1) Starting from scratch

• In addition to everything on the last slide:• Decide at what level of ISCO-08 you will provide

internationally comparable data (Eg 3 or 4 digits)• Collapse ISCO categories that are too detailed for

national requirementsEg by making a minor group into a unit group.

• Create more detailed categories where needed to suit national labour market, user requirements:

By adapting the 4th level or creating a 5th level

• Adjust the classification code structure as needed while maintaining correspondence table with ISCO-08

• Create a national index of occupations containing both NOC and ISCO codes

• Develop definitions of new or changed categories• Review and amend ISCO-08 definitions to ensure

national relevance Eg lists of included occupations31

Page 32: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Adapt ISCO to suit national circumstances: (2) Existing national classification

• In addition to almost everything on the previous two slides:• Map old classification to ISCO-08 and identify

features of each you want to retain or not use, to create a new national classification structure

• For national classifications based on ISCO-88 the ISCO correspondence table will be a useful tool

• National features from old classification you want to retain are reflected within an overall framework based on ISCO-08

• Develop correspondence tables between old and new

• Update index of occupational titles• Consider need for 3 or 4 code sets

32

Page 33: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

National occupation classification not based on ISCO

• Understand what your users need• Identify features of ISCO-08 that you want to

incorporate in NOC• Adjust NOC structure to facilitate reporting to

ISCO and incorporate new features• Develop correspondence table and possibly dual-

or tri-coded index.

33

Page 34: Eurostat ISCO revision Michael Mietzner Eurostat.

Occupation – information needed for coding

• For accurate coding to any level of ISCO (and related national classifications) information is needed on:• Name or title of occupation• Main tasks or duties usually performed in the job

• The following may information may also be useful• The type of economic activity of the

establishment (industry)• Whether or not the main aim of the activity is own

consumption (subsistence)

• Information about the level of skill or qualifications of an individual is not necessary and not useful

34