Ken Inui and Nguyen Tung National Center for Veterinary ... · PDF fileNational Center for...
Transcript of Ken Inui and Nguyen Tung National Center for Veterinary ... · PDF fileNational Center for...
CSF situation and control in the region
Ken Inui and Nguyen TungNational Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam
Food and Agriculture Organization
1. The Current SituationBig
Problem
2. Towards the Control
CSF situation in Asia: The disease status
• CSF has been endemic in most countries for decades.
• What we know is that we don’t know much about;
• The disease status
• how many, where, etc
• The virus movement
• in the region
• in the country
• value chain
• risk factors
Phylogeny and Genotypes of CSFV in SE and East Asia
VN07-10 Thai03
Thai08-09 Lao09
Lao98 CN98 02
CN98 02
CN97-98 02-06 It92
Korea02-03 CN01-04
CN06
TWN01
CN01-06 TWN01
10-GDST1.2010-Guangdong China
CN04-08
CN05-07
Ref 97-4/sw/NL/Venhorst Holland (2.1a)Ref Paderborn Germany (2.1a)
TWN96-01 Lao98 CNGX06
gi|31323165 98-L123 Laos
CN86-99 Ger80s Ita92 2.3India-09
CN95-03
CN97-04CN95-98
Lao97-9809(10)-NAHC-L028-Vientiane Laos
10(8)-CVVI-CSF21 DakLak(CuKuin)10(10)-HCMC-5144-BenTre VN
10(8)-CVVI-CSF27 DakLak(KrongNang)Lao98
gi|31323157 98-L61 LaosThai01
Ref L67 LaosRef L225 Laosgi|31323161 98-L67 Laosgi|31323159 98-L214 Laosgi|31323155 98-L225 Laos
gi|31323153 98-L47 Laosgi|158515774 Sukoharjo Indonesia
Thai96Italy90,98 CN84, TwN95
China98 Lao98 Thai08
VN10 CM10
TWN 97 3.4
Thai 80s-96 3.3
Korea 88-98 3.2
Thai 88-93 1.3
Thai 50-91 Brescia45 1.2India IVRI vaccine
China 96-06
India 06
Thai 88-93Ref CSFvaccine GPE- (1.1)
Vaccine C LPC Riem
CN 82-99 Shimen
ALD TWNRef ALD (1.1)
Thai 94-01 Korea88 Lom
0.02
1.1
Geno-type
Year
80s 90-95 96-00 00-05 06-11
2.1c
2.1b
2.1a
2.3
2.2
3.4
3.3
3.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
Active2000-10
Died outBy 2000
2.1a
2.2
3.43.33.21.3
2.1c
2.1b
2.3
E2 gene 190nt
Phylogeny and Genotypes of CSFV in China
VN07-10 Thai03
Thai08-09 Lao09
Lao98 CN98 02
CN98 02
CN97-98 02-06 It92
Korea02-03 CN01-04
CN06
TWN01
CN01-06 TWN01
10-GDST1.2010-Guangdong China
CN04-08
CN05-07
Ref 97-4/sw/NL/Venhorst Holland (2.1a)Ref Paderborn Germany (2.1a)
TWN96-01 Lao98 CNGX06
gi|31323165 98-L123 Laos
CN86-99 Ger80s Ita92 2.3India-09
CN95-03
CN97-04CN95-98
Lao97-9809(10)-NAHC-L028-Vientiane Laos
10(8)-CVVI-CSF21 DakLak(CuKuin)10(10)-HCMC-5144-BenTre VN
10(8)-CVVI-CSF27 DakLak(KrongNang)Lao98
gi|31323157 98-L61 LaosThai01
Ref L67 LaosRef L225 Laosgi|31323161 98-L67 Laosgi|31323159 98-L214 Laosgi|31323155 98-L225 Laos
gi|31323153 98-L47 Laosgi|158515774 Sukoharjo Indonesia
Thai96Italy90,98 CN84, TwN95
China98 Lao98 Thai08
VN10 CM10
TWN 97 3.4
Thai 80s-96 3.3
Korea 88-98 3.2
Thai 88-93 1.3
Thai 50-91 Brescia45 1.2India IVRI vaccine
China 96-06
India 06
Thai 88-93Ref CSFvaccine GPE- (1.1)
Vaccine C LPC Riem
CN 82-99 Shimen
ALD TWNRef ALD (1.1)
Thai 94-01 Korea88 Lom
0.02
1.1
Geno-type
Year
80s 90-95 96-00 00-05 06-11
2.1c
2.1b
2.1a
2.3
2.2
3.4
3.3
3.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
Active2000-10
Never present or Died outBy 2000
2.1a
2.2
3.43.33.21.3
2.1c
2.1b
2.3
Phylogeny and Genotypes of CSFV in Thailand
VN07-10 Thai03
Thai08-09 Lao09
Lao98 CN98 02
CN98 02
CN97-98 02-06 It92
Korea02-03 CN01-04
CN06
TWN01
CN01-06 TWN01
10-GDST1.2010-Guangdong China
CN04-08
CN05-07
Ref 97-4/sw/NL/Venhorst Holland (2.1a)Ref Paderborn Germany (2.1a)
TWN96-01 Lao98 CNGX06
gi|31323165 98-L123 Laos
CN86-99 Ger80s Ita92 2.3India-09
CN95-03
CN97-04CN95-98
Lao97-9809(10)-NAHC-L028-Vientiane Laos
10(8)-CVVI-CSF21 DakLak(CuKuin)10(10)-HCMC-5144-BenTre VN
10(8)-CVVI-CSF27 DakLak(KrongNang)Lao98
gi|31323157 98-L61 LaosThai01
Ref L67 LaosRef L225 Laosgi|31323161 98-L67 Laosgi|31323159 98-L214 Laosgi|31323155 98-L225 Laos
gi|31323153 98-L47 Laosgi|158515774 Sukoharjo Indonesia
Thai96Italy90,98 CN84, TwN95
China98 Lao98 Thai08
VN10 CM10
TWN 97 3.4
Thai 80s-96 3.3
Korea 88-98 3.2
Thai 88-93 1.3
Thai 50-91 Brescia45 1.2India IVRI vaccine
China 96-06
India 06
Thai 88-93Ref CSFvaccine GPE- (1.1)
Vaccine C LPC Riem
CN 82-99 Shimen
ALD TWNRef ALD (1.1)
Thai 94-01 Korea88 Lom
0.02
1.1
Geno-type
Year
80s 90-95 96-00 00-05 06-11
2.1c
2.1b
2.1a
2.3
2.2
3.4
3.3
3.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
2.1a
2.2
3.43.33.21.3
2.1c
2.1b
2.3
Active2000-10
Never present or Died outBy 2000
Phylogeny and Genotypes of CSFV in Vietnam
VN07-10 Thai03
Thai08-09 Lao09
Lao98 CN98 02
CN98 02
CN97-98 02-06 It92
Korea02-03 CN01-04
CN06
TWN01
CN01-06 TWN01
10-GDST1.2010-Guangdong China
CN04-08
CN05-07
Ref 97-4/sw/NL/Venhorst Holland (2.1a)Ref Paderborn Germany (2.1a)
TWN96-01 Lao98 CNGX06
gi|31323165 98-L123 Laos
CN86-99 Ger80s Ita92 2.3India-09
CN95-03
CN97-04CN95-98
Lao97-9809(10)-NAHC-L028-Vientiane Laos
10(8)-CVVI-CSF21 DakLak(CuKuin)10(10)-HCMC-5144-BenTre VN
10(8)-CVVI-CSF27 DakLak(KrongNang)Lao98
gi|31323157 98-L61 LaosThai01
Ref L67 LaosRef L225 Laosgi|31323161 98-L67 Laosgi|31323159 98-L214 Laosgi|31323155 98-L225 Laos
gi|31323153 98-L47 Laosgi|158515774 Sukoharjo Indonesia
Thai96Italy90,98 CN84, TwN95
China98 Lao98 Thai08
VN10 CM10
TWN 97 3.4
Thai 80s-96 3.3
Korea 88-98 3.2
Thai 88-93 1.3
Thai 50-91 Brescia45 1.2India IVRI vaccine
China 96-06
India 06
Thai 88-93Ref CSFvaccine GPE- (1.1)
Vaccine C LPC Riem
CN 82-99 Shimen
ALD TWNRef ALD (1.1)
Thai 94-01 Korea88 Lom
0.02
1.1
Geno-type
Year
80s 90-95 96-00 00-05 06-11
2.1c
2.1b
2.1a
2.3
2.2
3.4
3.3
3.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
2.1a
2.2
3.43.33.21.31.2
2.1c
2.1b
2.3
Active2000-10
Never present or Died outBy 2000
CSF situation in Asia: Vaccination
• Effective and safe vaccines available
• Vaccination against CSF is widely practiced
• But not properly managed
• Vaccines• Quality control
• Vaccine handling
• Storage and cold chain
• Vaccination program• Vaccination at too early age
• Efficacy interfered by maternal antibodies
CSF situation in Asia: The others
• Awareness of the farmers/vets on the risk of CSF
• High
• Knowledge of the farmers/vets on how to prevent CSF
• Low
• Farm biosecurity and health management
• Small holders: none
• Medium commercial farm: poor
• Large commercial farm: fair to good
• No compliance to disease control regulations
– Illegal trade and movement, etc.
• Traditional practice with high risk of disease transmission
CSF situation in Asia: Non-technical issues
• CSF is endemic in most countries in Asia
• Not much information is available on
– Disease status (how many, where, economic loss and gain, etc.)
– Risks (virus flow, value chain, etc.)
• Vaccination against CSF is practiced widely, but not properly.
• The risk is increasing as the pig production goes into larger scale without proper biosecurity and health management
CSF situation in Asia: Summary
1. The Current Situation
2. Towards the Control Help me
• CSF has been eradicated in many countries
• Good live vaccines are available
• There is only ONE sero-type
• The mode of transmission is by contact
• Similarity with rinderpest which was eradicated from world
Rinderpest CSF FMD HPAI
Good live vaccine available Yes Yes
Antigenically stableOne serotype
Yes Yes
Transmission by contact,no aerosol transmission
Yes Yes Yes?
High mortality Yes Yes Yes
Control of CSF in Asia: Is it possible? Yes
Ultimate target
• Reduce economic loss in pig production by controlling the major infectious diseases such as CSF and HP-PRRS but not only CSF and HP-PRRS
Immediate target
• Control of CSF
– Control of the disease by vaccination
– No virus circulation in breeding farms
Control of CSF in Asia: Target
• Strong political commitment at all level (regional, national, provincial)
• Good awareness on the disease and the problems by all stakeholders
• Strong ownership of the control program by all stake holders
• Good tools and proper use of those tools (vaccines, diagnostics, etc)
• Targeted approach: focus on the commercial farms
• Holistic approach to improve the efficiency of pig production
Control of CSF in Asia: What do we need?
• Chinese “C” strain– Attenuated by passage in rabbit– Most used globally
• Japanese GPE-negative strain– Attenuated in guinea pig cells– Temperature sensitive
• Other live vaccines– Russian LK & CS strains – Thiverval-Grignon, Mexican PAV-250 (PK15)
• E2 Subunit vaccines– DIVA
Control of CSF in Asia: Vaccines
CSF Vaccine “C-strain”
• How quickly is protection afforded?– 4 days post vaccination
• How long does the immunity last?– Protection >18m, could be life-long
• Does it provide protection against ALL strains?– Gives cross-protection against different genotypes
• Can it be used in an outbreak?– Yes, but it does not work after infection
It is an effective and safe vaccine
• Vaccine handling
– Storage
– Cold chain
– Vaccination equipment, etc.
• Interference by the maternal antibodies
– Appropriate vaccination program
– Different depending on the immune status of farms
Control of CSF in Asia: Vaccination
2560
1280
640
320
160
80
40
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Age of piglet (weeks)
NP
LA A
nti
bo
dy
Tite
r
Protected
Vaccine take =<32
Vaccination: too early for 1/1280
2560
1280
640
320
160
80
40
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Age of piglet (weeks)
NP
LA A
nti
bo
dy
Tite
r
Protected Protected
Vaccine take =<32
Vaccination: good timing for 1/1280
Problems on deciding an appropriate vaccination program
• Depends on the immune status of the farm
– Depends on the antibody level of sows
• Could be very high in virus circulating farms
• Could be variable among sows
– Depends on the colostrum taking by piglets
• Could be variable among piglets even in the same litter
• Can not be a perfect one that is appropriate for all pigs in the same farm
2560
1280
640
320
160
80
40
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Age of piglet (weeks)
NP
LA A
nti
bo
dy
Tite
r
ProtectedProtected
Vaccine take =<32
Vaccination: covers both 160 & 1280
Classified into 3 types of production;
1. Traditional practice• 4-5 pigs per household
• 70% of total pig population
2. Family farm• 10-20 sows or 10-50 fattening pigs
• 10% of total pig population
3. Commercial farm• 8500 farms (3500 breeding, 5000 fattening)
• 20% of total pig population
Control of CSF in Asia: Targeted approach
Which production type should we target at
Vir
Virus
Virus dies out
Virus keep circulating
Large breeding farm Medium breeding farm Small holders
Scenario 3virus introduction results in wide-spread epidemics
Virus
Large scale Medium scale
Breeding Farms Small holders
Virus
• Focus on breeding farms– Breeding farms are the incubator and the disseminator of
the pathogen. When they are clean, lower production unit will be clean.
– Efficient use of resources
– Easier to work with; profit-oriented
• Low investment, Good management, Medium profit
• Work closely with pig producers, pig vets, etc.– Capacity building of these people essential
Control of CSF in Asia: Targeted approach
• Control of CSF is not enough to improve the efficiency of pig production
• Solve all the problems CSF, PRRS, etc together by improvement of farm health management
• Improved production = more MONEY
• Farmers like it
• Sustainable
Control of CSF in Asia: Holistic approach
• Strong political commitment at all level (regional, national, provincial)
• Good awareness on the disease and the problems by all stakeholders
• Strong ownership of the control program by all stake holders
• Good tools and proper use of those tools (vaccines, diagnostics)
• Targeted approach: focus on the commercial farms
• Holistic approach to improve the efficiency of pig production
Control of CSF in Asia: Summary
In countries where CSFV is endemic in the domestic pig population a well-
designed, systematic and intensive vaccination campaign that is supported by
the farming community may provide the basis for an eventual control and
eradication of CSFV. (J.T. van Oirschot, Veterinary Microbiology 96 (2003) 367)
We can do it !!! Thank you!!!