Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher...
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Transcript of Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher...
Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North along the Pacific Coasts of North
and South Americaand South America
• Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging• Matt Edwards – San Diego State University• Jon Dykstra – MDA Federal Inc• Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
• Cost-effective method of mapping and visualizing kelp canopies on a global basis
• Link kelp distributions with physical factors such as temperature, nitrogen concentrations, wave climate, daylength & solar irradiance
• Discriminate localized anthropogenic changes in kelp bed distributions from climate related effects
Year 2000 ETM+ CoverageYear 2000 ETM+ Coverage
Data AvailabilityData Availability
ftp://samoa.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat/kelp/
Original ETM+ ImageryOriginal ETM+ Imageryhttp://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.plhttp://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.pl
Visualization in Google EarthVisualization in Google Earth
San Juan StationSan Juan Station
San Juan Station - AerialSan Juan Station - Aerial
Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia
Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera
ETM+ - 49 haColor IR Photo - 39
ha
Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera
Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia
Eisenia arboreaEisenia arborea
Kodiak Kodiak MacrocystisMacrocystis Population Population
Winter 2002 - FebruaryWinter 2002 - February
Summer/Fall 2002 - SeptemberSummer/Fall 2002 - September
Summer/Fall 2002 - SeptemberSummer/Fall 2002 - September
Winter 2002 - FebruaryWinter 2002 - February
Kodiak Island SST AnomaliesKodiak Island SST Anomalies
Irradiance / Nutrient Irradiance / Nutrient Relationship - Sitka Relationship - Sitka
0
10
20
30
40
50
A S O N D J F M A M J J
Nit
rate
(u
Mo
ls)
Adequate Solar Irradiance for Growth
(Stekoll, 1999)
Solar IrradianceSolar IrradianceJune 1991June 1991
Kodiak – 182 W/m2 Sitka – 255 W/m2
GES DISC DAAC
NASA/GISS
Northern HemisphereNorthern HemisphereSouthern BoundarySouthern Boundary
• Baja California• Peru / Chile & Argentina• Namibia / South Africa• Australia – Tasmanian
population declines• Subantarctic Islands
– Kerguelen Island– Heard Island– South Georgia Island
J A S O N D J F M A M J
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2004 2005
Tem
per
atur
e (C
)
J A S O N D J F M A M J
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2004 2005
Tem
per
atur
e (C
)12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2004 2005
Tem
per
atur
e (C
)
Baja Nitrogen EnrichmentBaja Nitrogen Enrichment
(Ladah, 2003)
Nitrate - TemperatureNitrate - Temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
5 10 15 20 25
Temperature (C)
Nit
rate
(u
Mo
l)
Average Southern California
Baja California periodic occurence CA UnderCurrent ?
Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera
Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia
Eisenia cokeri Eisenia cokeri
= E. arborea ?= E. arborea ?
Islas DesventuradasIslas Desventuradas
Eisenia galapagensisEisenia galapagensis
Type - 1934Type - 1934
December 2004December 2004
Eisenia cokeri Eisenia cokeri Sechura Bay – 5.5Sechura Bay – 5.5oo S S
Summer 2002Summer 2002MarchMarch
Winter 2002Winter 2002JulyJuly
SST - South Georgia IslandSST - South Georgia IslandApril 1998 October 1998
Summer 2002Summer 2002MarchMarch
South Georgia SST AnomaliesSouth Georgia SST Anomalies
Subantarctic Subantarctic IslandsIslands
Kelp on islands north of Antarctic Convergence
with the exception of South Georgia Island
SST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardSST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardApril 1998 October 1998
Heard Heard
Kerguelen Kerguelen
Heard Island SST AnomaliesHeard Island SST Anomalies
Take HomesTake Homes
• Google Earth is an ideal visualization tool for broad scale biodiversity data
• Northern range of Macrocystis in Alaska may be expanding
• Range of Eisenia galapagensis in Galapagos has contracted
• Northern range of Macrocystis in Peru has contracted
• Heard Island may be a useful habitat to look for climate change in the Southern Ocean