Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher...
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![Page 1: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North along the Pacific Coasts of North
and South Americaand South America
• Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging• Matt Edwards – San Diego State University• Jon Dykstra – MDA Federal Inc• Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography
![Page 2: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
• Cost-effective method of mapping and visualizing kelp canopies on a global basis
• Link kelp distributions with physical factors such as temperature, nitrogen concentrations, wave climate, daylength & solar irradiance
• Discriminate localized anthropogenic changes in kelp bed distributions from climate related effects
![Page 3: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Year 2000 ETM+ CoverageYear 2000 ETM+ Coverage
![Page 4: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Data AvailabilityData Availability
ftp://samoa.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat/kelp/
![Page 5: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Original ETM+ ImageryOriginal ETM+ Imageryhttp://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.plhttp://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.pl
![Page 6: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Visualization in Google EarthVisualization in Google Earth
![Page 7: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
San Juan StationSan Juan Station
![Page 8: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
San Juan Station - AerialSan Juan Station - Aerial
![Page 9: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia
![Page 11: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera
![Page 12: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ETM+ - 49 haColor IR Photo - 39
ha
Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera
Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia
Eisenia arboreaEisenia arborea
![Page 13: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Kodiak Kodiak MacrocystisMacrocystis Population Population
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Winter 2002 - FebruaryWinter 2002 - February
![Page 15: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Summer/Fall 2002 - SeptemberSummer/Fall 2002 - September
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Summer/Fall 2002 - SeptemberSummer/Fall 2002 - September
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Winter 2002 - FebruaryWinter 2002 - February
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Kodiak Island SST AnomaliesKodiak Island SST Anomalies
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Irradiance / Nutrient Irradiance / Nutrient Relationship - Sitka Relationship - Sitka
0
10
20
30
40
50
A S O N D J F M A M J J
Nit
rate
(u
Mo
ls)
Adequate Solar Irradiance for Growth
(Stekoll, 1999)
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Solar IrradianceSolar IrradianceJune 1991June 1991
Kodiak – 182 W/m2 Sitka – 255 W/m2
GES DISC DAAC
NASA/GISS
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Northern HemisphereNorthern HemisphereSouthern BoundarySouthern Boundary
• Baja California• Peru / Chile & Argentina• Namibia / South Africa• Australia – Tasmanian
population declines• Subantarctic Islands
– Kerguelen Island– Heard Island– South Georgia Island
J A S O N D J F M A M J
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2004 2005
Tem
per
atur
e (C
)
J A S O N D J F M A M J
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2004 2005
Tem
per
atur
e (C
)12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2004 2005
Tem
per
atur
e (C
)
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Baja Nitrogen EnrichmentBaja Nitrogen Enrichment
(Ladah, 2003)
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Nitrate - TemperatureNitrate - Temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
5 10 15 20 25
Temperature (C)
Nit
rate
(u
Mo
l)
Average Southern California
Baja California periodic occurence CA UnderCurrent ?
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Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera
Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia
Eisenia cokeri Eisenia cokeri
= E. arborea ?= E. arborea ?
Islas DesventuradasIslas Desventuradas
![Page 25: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb05503460f94bb58b9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Eisenia galapagensisEisenia galapagensis
Type - 1934Type - 1934
December 2004December 2004
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Eisenia cokeri Eisenia cokeri Sechura Bay – 5.5Sechura Bay – 5.5oo S S
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Summer 2002Summer 2002MarchMarch
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Winter 2002Winter 2002JulyJuly
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SST - South Georgia IslandSST - South Georgia IslandApril 1998 October 1998
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Summer 2002Summer 2002MarchMarch
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South Georgia SST AnomaliesSouth Georgia SST Anomalies
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Subantarctic Subantarctic IslandsIslands
Kelp on islands north of Antarctic Convergence
with the exception of South Georgia Island
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SST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardSST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardApril 1998 October 1998
Heard Heard
Kerguelen Kerguelen
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Heard Island SST AnomaliesHeard Island SST Anomalies
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Take HomesTake Homes
• Google Earth is an ideal visualization tool for broad scale biodiversity data
• Northern range of Macrocystis in Alaska may be expanding
• Range of Eisenia galapagensis in Galapagos has contracted
• Northern range of Macrocystis in Peru has contracted
• Heard Island may be a useful habitat to look for climate change in the Southern Ocean