DER VATER EUROPAS KARL DER GROßE (747 – 814) Prägende Persönlichkeiten der Geschichte.
Karl der Große / Charlemagne
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Transcript of Karl der Große / Charlemagne
Erin Eckstein Karl der Große/Charlemagne
Quick BackgroundBy the 6th century
the West Roman Empire had fallen and was ruled by the Merovingians then later Pippin the Short of the Carolingian dynasty
Franks were falling back into barbarian ways (abandoning education and religion)
Saxons of north Europe were still pagans
Roman Catholic church was trying to recover land confiscated by the Lombard kingdom of Italy
Birth His exact birth date/
place is not known
741-ish
Aachen-ish
Charles le Magne "Charles the Great” named after his grandfather Charles Martel
Eldest child of Pepin the Short and his wife Bertrada of Laon
Rise to greatness768 Charlemagne
(26) and his younger brother (Carloman) inherited the kingdom of the Franks.
771 Carloman died, and Charlemagne became sole ruler of the kingdom
Military Campaigns Charlemagne was determined
to strengthen his kingdom and bring order to Europe
772 he began 30-year military campaign
Began with Lombardy: Pope Adrian I in 772 enlisted the help of Charles to regain lost land in Italy
Fifty-three campaigns- nearly all led in person
Military Campaigns Charlemagne's
success was the result of the new novelty idea of a siege
Large numbers of horses were used because of their speed and durability which was vital to transporting such a large army
Conquered Bavaria and Saxony, destroying the Avars
Shielded Italy from the raiding Saracens
Defended Francia against Moors from Spain.
The Saxons on his eastern frontier were pagans (burned down a Christian church) and made occasional raids into Gaul
This resulted in 18 campaigns in which Charlemagne gave the Saxons the choice of baptism or death (4500 Saxon rebels beheaded in one day)
Empire 800 Charlemagne was the
undisputed ruler of Western Europe
France, Switzerland, Belgium, and The Netherlands, half of present-day Italy, Germany, and parts of Austria and Spain.
Charlemagne restored much of the unity of the old Roman Empire
Paved the way for the development of modern Europe.
Personal life 781 he made his two younger sons kings,
having them crowned by the Pope.
Eldest was Carloman, made king of Italy taking the Iron Crown and renamed "Pippin."
The 2 oldest was Louis, who became king of Aquitaine
Determined to have his children educated (even his daughters)
His sons learned archery, horsemanship, and other outdoor activities
Had a an official marriage and some other relationships less official
Death 813 Charlemagne crowned his last
surviving sun (Louis the Pious of Aquitaine) to be co-emperor
Returned to Aachen November 1 can caught pleurisy and became depressed and died January 28 after taking communion
47 years of reigning
He was buried on the day of his death in Aachen Cathedral
1165, Frederick I re-opened the tomb and placed the emperor in a sarcophagus beneath the floor
In 1215 Frederick II put him in a casket made of gold and silver
Cultural Influences Abandoned the gold standard, (shortage of
gold itself was the consequence of the loss of their trade routes to Africa and to the East)
This standardization economically unified currencies thus simplifying trade
Brought the culture and knowledge of other countries to germany and the rest of his empire (especially Visigothic Spain, Anglo-Saxon England, and Lombard Italy)
Due to his conquests he greatly increased the amount of schools and books in Francia
Most of the presently surviving works of classical Latin were copied and preserved by the scholars
Many of the earliest manuscripts available for many ancient texts are Carolingian
Cultural Influences Charlemagne himself was accorded
sainthood inside the Holy Roman Empire after the twelfth century
Public participation in government was seen in semiannual assemblies of property owners at Worms, Valenciennes, Aachen, Geneva, Paderborn
King submitted smaller groups of nobles/ bishops his proposals for legislation; they considered them, and returned them to him with suggestions
Created chapters of legislation, and presented these to the people for their shouted approval; or the assembly voiced disapproval with a collective grunt
Fun Facts Karl's full title at 800 was:
Karolus Serene Highness Augustus a Deo coronatus magnus pacificus imperator Romanum gubernans imperium, qui et per Misericordiam dei rex Francorum atque Langobardorum
(Translated): "Karl, your Highness Augustus, God-winning, large peace-building by the Emperor, the Roman rich governments, the grace of God and King of the Franks and Lombards "
Aachen has, since 1949, awarded an international prize (called the Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen) in honor of Charlemagne.
Awarded to "personages of merit who have promoted the idea of western unity by their political, economic and literary endeavors.“
In many European languages"king" comes from from Charles' name
Polish: król Czech: král Lithuanian: karalius, Latvian: karalis, Hungarian: király, Bulgarian: крал, Serbian: краљ, Croatian: kralj, Russian: король, Turkish: kral Slovak: kráľ
Fun Facts Annual feat January 28 in Aachen
and Osnabrück
Spoke German Latin, little Greek, and maybe Arabic
792 he banished his eldest (illegitimate) son, Pippin the Hunchback to the monastery of Prüm (he had joined a rebellion)
Wore embroidery and jewels for feasts but he hated wearing it and usually dressed like the common people
Christmas Day in 800, while Charlemagne knelt in prayer in Saint Peter’s in Rome, Pope Leo III placed a golden crown on the bowed head of the king. Charlemagne is said to have been surprised by the coronation, declaring that he would not have come into the church had he known the pope’s plan