K.Akbari Entrepreneurship Development in Iran 1 Entrepreneurship Devlopment in Iran June:2007...

K.AkbariK.Akbari Entrepreneurship Development in Entrepreneurship Development in IranIran

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EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship Devlopment inDevlopment in

IranIranJune:2007June:2007K.AkbariK.Akbari

PhD studenPhD studenMälardalen universityMälardalen university


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IssuesIssues

1-Historical Review1-Historical Review2-Entr. Waves2-Entr. Waves3-Tools for Entreprenurship Developement3-Tools for Entreprenurship Developement4-Entrepreneurial Environment4-Entrepreneurial Environment5-National Innovation System(NIS)5-National Innovation System(NIS)6-Challenges and Solutions6-Challenges and Solutions7-Groups Discussion7-Groups Discussion


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1-Historical Review1-Historical Review

-New education-New education

-Why school?-Why school?

-Why university?-Why university?

-Work concept-Work concept

What is your opinion?(discussion)What is your opinion?(discussion)


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2-Entrepereneurship Waves2-Entrepereneurship Waves

-General informations-General informations

-Entre. Course-Entre. Course

-Small business growth(supported by -Small business growth(supported by gov.)gov.)

-Incubators & parks-Incubators & parks


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3-Tools for Entreprenurship 3-Tools for Entreprenurship DevelopementDevelopement

--CultureCulture

--EducationEducation

-Research & Development(R&D)-Research & Development(R&D)

-Organization-Organization Planning processPlanning process

1-understanding where we are;1-understanding where we are;

2-deciding where we want to go;2-deciding where we want to go;

3-planning how to go there.3-planning how to go there.


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4-Entrepreneurial 4-Entrepreneurial EnvironmentEnvironment

-Economical-Economical

-Social-Social

-Business-Business

-Financial support-Financial support

-....-....


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5-National Innovation 5-National Innovation System(NIS)System(NIS)

The The National Innovation SystemNational Innovation System ( (NISNIS, , National System of InnovationNational System of Innovation) is the ) is the

flow of technology and information among flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is people, enterprises and institutions which is

key to the innovative process on the key to the innovative process on the national level. According to national level. According to

innovation system theoryinnovation system theory, , innovationinnovation and and technology development are results of a technology development are results of a

complex set of relationships among actors in complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, the system, which includes enterprises, universities and government research universities and government research

institutes.institutes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation


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A national system of innovation has been defined as follows:A national system of innovation has been defined as follows:

.. the elements and relationships which interact in the .. the elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new, and economically production, diffusion and use of new, and economically useful, knowledge ... and are either located within or rooted useful, knowledge ... and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a nation state.inside the borders of a nation state. (Lundvall, 1992) (Lundvall, 1992)

... the national institutions, their incentive structures and ... the national institutions, their incentive structures and their competencies, that determine the rate and direction their competencies, that determine the rate and direction of technological learning (or the volume and composition of of technological learning (or the volume and composition of change generating activities) in a country.change generating activities) in a country. (Patel and Pavitt, (Patel and Pavitt, 1994)1994)

.. that set of distinct institutions which jointly and .. that set of distinct institutions which jointly and

individually contribute to the development and diffusion of individually contribute to the development and diffusion of new technologies and which provides the framework within new technologies and which provides the framework within which governments form and implement policies to which governments form and implement policies to influence the innovation process. As such it is a system of influence the innovation process. As such it is a system of interconnected institutions to create, store and transfer the interconnected institutions to create, store and transfer the knowledge, skills and artefacts which define new knowledge, skills and artefacts which define new technologies.technologies. (Metcalfe, 1995) (Metcalfe, 1995)

source:source:wikipedia.comwikipedia.com

http://www.wikipedia.com/


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Entrepreneurship activitiesEntrepreneurship activities/actions /actions in Iranin Iran

-before Revolution 1979-before Revolution 1979(1357)(1357)-during 1981-89(1360-68)-during 1981-89(1360-68)-during 1990-1999(1369-1378)-during 1990-1999(1369-1378)-after 2000 up to now(1379-1386)-after 2000 up to now(1379-1386)

--


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Before Revolution 1979Before Revolution 1979(1357)(1357)

Formation of Private SectorFormation of Private Sector

--Starting of more than 500 Starting of more than 500 EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs

--One One samplesample


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During 1981 – 1989(1360-1368)During 1981 – 1989(1360-1368)

--Developments were mainly by GovernmentDevelopments were mainly by Government

--SMEs Progress was Very SlowSMEs Progress was Very Slow

--Business Formation Rate was very LittleBusiness Formation Rate was very Little

-Iran was facing with Iraq war-Iran was facing with Iraq war


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Governmental Development Continue to GainGovernmental Development Continue to Gain

Private Sector Development was Starting to Grow Private Sector Development was Starting to Grow RapidlyRapidly

Establishing Private Banks, Private InsuranceEstablishing Private Banks, Private Insurance

During 1990-1999(1369-1378)During 1990-1999(1369-1378)


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After 2000-2007(1379-1386)After 2000-2007(1379-1386) Some of active Orgs.Some of active Orgs.

ACECRACECR www.eshteghal.irwww.eshteghal.ir

www.jobiran.comwww.jobiran.com

Third 5-year programmeThird 5-year programme(1378-1381)(1378-1381)

KARADKARAD www.karad.sanjesh.irwww.karad.sanjesh.ir

Universities: Universities: -Entre. Centres in Universities-Entre. Centres in Universities

-Entre. Course-Entre. Course

Iran Small business and industerial towns Iran Small business and industerial towns www.iraniec.irwww.iraniec.ir

Incubators&ParksIncubators&Parks www.incubators.irwww.incubators.ir

http://www.eshteghal.ir/

http://www.jobiran.com/

http://www.karad.sanjesh.ir/

http://www.iraniec.ir/

http://www.incubators.ir/


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IndusterilDev.&Renovation Org. IndusterilDev.&Renovation Org. www.idro.org

1. Helping Companies to Grow2. Investment on High Tech Companies3. Starting Big Projects4. Financial Support of more than 200 small Business5. Developing 10 SBDCs (small business development

center)6. Cooperating in Entrepreneurial Plans7. Getting University Students’ Ideas & Helping them8. Helping Entrepreneurs in Sale, Marketing, …9. Finding Persian Books & Magazines & Articles (more than

3000) Related to Entrepreneurship

AfterAfter........

http://www.idro.org/


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Ministry of LaborMinistry of Labor

-Educating Some Technical Skills-$2500 to $4500 Loan for each new small Business

Ministry of Labor Programs for Entrepreneurship:Ministry of Labor Programs for Entrepreneurship:

1. Increasing Entrepreneurship Budget

2. “Establishing 100,000 Small Business in Year” Plan

3. Training Courses for Young Entrepreneurs

4. Increasing Loans & Supports

5. Supporting Marketing, Financial, Management, Legal needs for SMEs


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6-Conclusion;6-Conclusion; Challenges&Solutions Challenges&Solutions


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ChallengesChallenges

Researches on Different Entrepreneurial SubjectsResearches on Different Entrepreneurial Subjects

Increasing Governmental Support on EntrepreneursIncreasing Governmental Support on Entrepreneurs

Developing Business towards better Competition & Stable Developing Business towards better Competition & Stable Investment Environment Investment Environment

Reinforcing Business Values & Ethics on Families, Schools & Reinforcing Business Values & Ethics on Families, Schools & Universities as the core Center of Business FormationUniversities as the core Center of Business Formation

Therefore, Developing more business & Entrepreneurial Skills Therefore, Developing more business & Entrepreneurial Skills through Educational Systemsthrough Educational Systems

Business Permission is Scattered among 17 MinistriesBusiness Permission is Scattered among 17 Ministries


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ChallengesChallenges--More Coordination Between Educational & Industrial & More Coordination Between Educational & Industrial & Services MinistriesServices Ministries

-Training at least 100 Entrepreneurship Teachers-Training at least 100 Entrepreneurship Teachers

--Increasing Yearly Entrepreneurship FestivalsIncreasing Yearly Entrepreneurship Festivals

--Developing awareness Programs through Media SectorsDeveloping awareness Programs through Media Sectors

--Publishing more Books about EntrepreneurshipPublishing more Books about Entrepreneurship

-Establishing more than 100 Entrepreneurship Consulting & -Establishing more than 100 Entrepreneurship Consulting & Training InstitutionsTraining Institutions


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Statistical Number of Businesses Formation is UnknownStatistical Number of Businesses Formation is Unknown

Rate of Business Formation per year is UnknownRate of Business Formation per year is Unknown

Strategies of Development in Different Sectors such as Strategies of Development in Different Sectors such as Industries, Services, ICT, New Technologies due to competitive Industries, Services, ICT, New Technologies due to competitive advantageness are unknownadvantageness are unknown

ChallengesChallenges


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7-Groups Discossion7-Groups Discossion60 min.60 min.

1-1-

2-2-

3-3-

4-4-


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