Kajang Local Plan Sustainable Development

8/12/2019 Kajang Local Plan Sustainable Development

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PagesIntroduction 3

Kajang Local PlanA. Quality of Development

B. Integrating Transport and Development

C. Minimum environmental impact due to surge intravel demands

D. Development Access: Pedestrians, disabled people, cyclists, public transport, privatetransport

E. Parking

F. Urban Design Principles

G. Context: compatible with existing landformsand natural features, retain, and where possibleenhance important existing urban spaces,townscape, parkland, natural or historicalfeatures; respect the existing layout of buildingswithin the street space, integrate into the localcommunity

H. Safety and Security

I. Landscape and Biodiversity

J. Renewable Energy

K. Air Quality

L. Water Quality and Drainage

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Conclusion 49



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Because of political and governance structures in most jurisdictions, sustainable

planning measures must be widely supported before they can affect institutions and

regions. Actual implementation is often a complex compromise.

Urban planning is not only a reactionary field but also an area concerned with prediction. A big part of urban planning is the forecasting of the future needs and

requirements of a built up area so that the population will remain happy, healthy and safe.

This means that a great deal of research needs to be done and maintained so that every

aspect of each built up area is monitored. Water levels, traffic levels, road use, population

levels, health and education requirements, police and fire coverage and new development

areas all need to be closely watched.

A. Quality of Development

This concept is taken from the Oregon Shines which is very useful in order to implement

sustainable concept in Kajang. Oregon‟s strategic plan is detailed in a series of

periodically updated publications called Oregon Shines. It is based on the assumption that

the social and economic well-being of Oregonians depends on the interconnectedness of

quality jobs, a sustainable environment, and caring communities. This “Circle of

Prosperity” is illustrated in figure below and states the followin g beliefs.

1. A clean, appealing environment, a talented workforce and responsive public

services will attract and find a base for diverse, value-adding industries that

provide well-paying jobs.

2. Diverse, value-adding industries that provide well-paying jobs will:

create opportunities for Oregonians, reducing poverty and crime, and

Generate revenue for excellent schools, quality public service and public facilities.

3. Opportunities for Oregonians, reduced poverty and crime, and revenues for

excellent public schools, services and facilities will result in a clean, appealing

environment, a talented workforce and responsive government



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B. Integrating Transport and Development

In Kajang, if, at peak hour, you want to get from your home into the city and vice versa

by bus, you usually can. Aside from that you‟re pretty stuck. Buses are infrequent, don‟t

connect well to other buses or trains, and sometimes routes only have minor differences

to each other. There‟s a whole bunch of routes going from A to B, but the whole thing

doesn‟t work as a network.

Using the concept of public transportation in Auckland, buses are to be treated as

part of an integrated and more grids like public transport network. The headline fact isthat on key routes from 7am till 7pm there will be a bus at least every 15 minutes. There

will be a few less routes, but there will be more interchange points, so people can link

from a bus to another bus or train. Getting into the city will still be easy, but there will

also be more crosstown buses. The image below outlines the basic theory behind the new



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idea. Less routes, routing through an interchange. Less routes frees up resources for more

frequency.

Integrated ticketing allows a person to make a journey that involves transfers

within or between different transport modes with a single ticket that is valid for the

complete journey, modes being buses, trains, subways, ferries, etc. The purpose of

integrated ticketing is to encourage people to use public transport by simplifying

switching between transport modes and by increasing the efficiency of the services.

In most cases, integrated ticketing is made possible by electronic ticketing

technologies such as magnetic stripe cards or smart cards. Some smart card systems are

also used for paying for goods and other services. Some public transport systems also use

paper cash tickets that allow transfers within a specified area, allow unlimited travel

during specified times. In Malaysia, we can use the smart tickets such as Touch N Go for

the RapidKL and KTM.

In order to achieve sustainable country, we need to promote in cycling and walking

for the citizen to mobilise. We all know the benefits of cycling and walking - which

include:



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Improves general health, helps to lower both blood pressure and improves heart

health, as well as improving mental health and wellbeing.

Helps with weight and stress management.

Improves fitness.

In congested areas cyclists and pedestrians breathe in less fumes than drivers.

Saves you money.

Produces no pollution so good for the environment and tackling climate change.

Often quicker to get around in towns and cities.

Fewer cars on the road and more cyclists and pedestrians means safer roads.

Have fewer days being ill each year.

A passenger information [display] system (PIS or PIDS) is an electronic

information system which provides real-time passenger information. It may include both

predictions about arrival and departure times, as well as information about the nature and

causes of disruptions. It may be used both physically within a transportation hub and

remotely using a web browser or mobile device.



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Current operational information on service running is collected from automatic

vehicle location systems and from control systems, including incident capture systems.

This information can be compared by computers with the published service timetable to

generate a prediction of how services will run in the next few minutes to hours.

This may be informed by additional information: for instance, bus services will be

affected by congestion on the road network, while all services may be affected by adverse

weather conditions.

The capital and revenue costs for traveller information systems can be calculated

with reasonable accuracy. However, the derivation of tangible financial benefits is far

more difficult to establish and as a consequence, there is very little research. This directs

the business model for information systems towards the "softer" merits such as travellerconfidence etc. It is worth noting that there must be an actual value as individuals are

willing to pay for systems that give them access to real time data relating to their journey.

The difficulty is establishing what this is for each individual person and perhaps each

individual piece of roadside hardware. The figure below shows an example of application

device used for public transportation in Singapore that we can implement in Kajang.



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C. Minimum Environmental Impact Due To Surge In Travel Demands

The environmental impact of transport is significant because it is a major user of energy,

and burns most of the world's petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous

oxides and particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming through

emission of carbon dioxide, for which transport is the fastest-growing emission sector. By

subsector, road transport is the largest contributor to global warming.

Environmental regulations in developed countries have reduced the individual

vehicles emission; however, this has been offset by an increase in the number of vehicles,

and more use of each vehicle. Some pathways to reduce the carbon emissions of road

vehicles considerably have been studied. Energy use and emissions vary largely between

modes, causing environmentalists to call for a transition from air and road to rail andhuman-powered transport, and increase transport electrification and energy efficiency.

Other environmental impacts of transport systems include traffic congestion and

automobile-oriented urban sprawl, which can consume natural habitat and agricultural

lands. By reducing transportation emissions globally, it is predicted that there will be

significant positive effects on Earth's air quality, acid rain, smog and climate change.



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D. Development Access: Pedestrians, disabled people, cyclists, public transport,private transport

Accessible design is a requirement and does not depend on the number of users. Practice

in accessible design should be as advanced as vehicle usage design. When sidewalks are

not available, pedestrians are forced to share the street with motorists, access to public

transportation is restricted, and children have fewer play areas that are safe. Therefore,

whenever possible, accessible sidewalks should be provided.

Develop sidewalks as integral parts of all city streets

If landuse plans anticipate pedestrian activity, construct sidewalks as part of

street development;

Sidewalks should connect nearby urban communities



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Provide sidewalks in rural and suburban areas at schools, local businesses,

and industrial plants that result in pedestrian concentrations

Provide sidewalks whenever the roadside and land development conditions

are such that pedestrians regularly move along a main or high-speed highway

Incorporate sidewalks in rural areas with higher traffic speeds and general

absence of lighting

Construct sidewalks along any street or highway without shoulders, even if

there is light pedestrian traffic.

Installing sidewalks is critical to providing pedestrian access. However, prioritizing

the needs of pedestrians extends beyond the basic step of providing a sidewalk network.

The quality of the pedestrian experience should also be addressed during the project

planning process. The first step towards providing a quality pedestrian experience is to

provide a buffer zone that separates the pedestrian from the motorist. This can be

accomplished by providing a wide sidewalk or a sidewalk setback, such as a planting

strip.

Attractive building facades (e.g., pedestrian scale, street oriented windows and

building entrances)

Street trees and landscaping

Benches

Pedestrian oriented signs and traffic control devices

Designated for the disabled

Public art



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E. Parking

Limit car parking ≤ standard

Provides parking for disabled persons

Secure cycle parking

lorry and motor cycle parking

Below are some sustainable design for parking which suggest to be apply in Kajang

Local Plan for Sustainable for Development.

Interlocking parking design

Figure: Interlocking parking



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Parking lots are a primary contributor to stormwater runoff in our cities due to their scale

and impervious character. Parking lots, unless they are low-frequency use parking lots,

must have a certain level of imperviousness to them for the functional aspect of vehicle

movement.

In the sketch above, you will notice that the areas of the parking lot where

vehicles are parked are semi-porous brick. The brick utilized for these areas is designed

and constructed to maximize the size of openings at the surface to maximize infiltration.

Another feature that you may see are the trees and tree grates within the parking lot.

There are trees located in islands as there are in many parking lots, however additional

trees are incorporated in tree grates, rotated 45 degrees. These trees are able to gather

rainwater at the grates.

Parking controls, raising parking prices or reducing the amount of parking areas,

can be used to deter the use of privately owned vehicles in areas of highest demand by

raising the price of commuting to high density areas. By use multi center strategy we can

reduce the traffic jam in the city center and solve the parking problem and by construct

Kajang Central in Kajang station location, all the parking problem will be solved.

Figure: Vegetated permeable pavement



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Automated parking facilities

Figure: Automated parking facilities

Automated parking facilities are parking structures where drivers leave their cars and

robotic controls store and retrieve the vehicles. If the layout of the storage racks, transfer

cabins and transfer isle is done properly, automated parking facilities can have about 75

percent of the footprint than a conventional parking structure.

Another environmental benefit of automated parking facilities is the reduced use of

vehicles within the parking facility. In a conventional parking lot or structure, the user

has to circle at low speeds until they find a space. This process is performed again in

reverse when the user leaves. All of this circling and idling creates carbon emissions. In

automated parking facilities, the user drives a short distance to the entry/exit vestibule



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and turns off the engine. The storage mechanisms do the rest. Therefore a significant

amount of emissions are eliminated.

Other green aspects of automated parking structures:

Reduced height, approximately 75 percent less height than conventional parking

structure, requires less façade. Less façade means less energy to produce,

transport and install the façade.

Only minimal energy lighting is needed inside the storage compartment, which

reduces energy consumption.

If the entry/exit vestibules are on the ground floor, elevators can be eliminated

which reduces energy consumption and materials use.

The superstructure for automated parking structures is structural steel which has a

high recycled materials content.

However, automated parking structures have the following green drawbacks:

The storage and retrieval machines require substantial energy to fabricate and

operate, so a full energy analysis should be performed.

There are only a few manufacturers in the U.S., most are in Europe. Therefore,

the 500-mile limit on sourcing materials is impacted.

Consideration should be given to the use, as automated parking may create anatural deterrent to parkers. Automated parking is more favorable for return and

long term users.

Figure: Parking for disabled.



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Figure: Motorcycle parking.

Green roof parking system

Since the roofs of most parking facilities are used for parking, the opportunity to install a

green roof without adding a level of structure is limited to stair and elevator tower roofs.

The costs of adding structure for a full green roof should be compared against the

reduced storm water control measures, elimination of snow plowing on the upper deck,

decreased maintenance/restoration costs and the opportunity for additional uses. A good

application of a green roof on a parking structure is the Blue Cross/Blue Shield Parking

Structure in Detroit7. A level of precast structure was added to the building for a green

roof and running track for the adjacent office building.



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Figure: Statistics of relationship between CO2 emission per household in Chicago.

Sustainable and Green Not sustainable or green



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Figure: The sustainble or not sustainable in relating transport in urban design.

Figure: Links through spaces

New development should respect the historic street patterns, intricate grain and vertical

and horizontal rhythms (e.g. the building widths, the proportion and scale of windows



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and doors etc.) of the Town Centre. Opportunities to repair street pattern and grain where

this has been lost should be exploited.

Figure: Wrapping the box

Relationships between developments of different scales may be reso lved by „wrapping‟

large spaces with smaller bui ldings; „stepping‟ a large mass down to its neighbour; and

ensuring that the ground level is as active and interesting as possible. Where „stepping

down‟ is adopted the change in height should arise out of the requirements of the

designer‟s brief and should avoid a lop-sided appearance in the new building which

merely emphasises the difference in height between it and the neighbouring building.

Figure: Mixed building uses and car parking



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Developments including large stores and other „big box‟ units, such as multi -storey car

parks, can create exposed „dead‟ frontages (the Bridge Street frontage to the Rushes is a

local example). Careful design will be required in any future developments of this nature

to ensure the retention/creation of active and attractive street frontages which are

compatible with the fine-grain of the Town Centre.

Figure: Public and private space.

Legibility – A place that has a clear image and is easy to understand. The main entrances

to public and other major buildings should be emphasised through carefully designed

streets, lighting, signage and paving.

G. Context: compatible with existing landforms and natural features, retain, and

where possible enhance important existing urban spaces, townscape, parkland,

natural or historical features; respect the existing layout of buildings within the

street space, integrate into the local community

The design, location and function of buildings can help reinforce the identity of

routes and spaces within the public realm.

Well-designed public spaces such as paths, streets, squares, parks and plazas can

help people find their way around the city and provide informal, civic, or

recreational space.



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Figure: Residential open space (top), park design open space (middle), central business

district green open spaces (bottom)



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Figure: Man built lake

Figure: Large garden

H. Safety and Security

Security and safety in Kajang shall provide sufficient police stations, police posts, police

patrols. Place the closed-circuit television (CCTV) at the place that always happen crime



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activities. Awakened the important of resident ‟s cooperation to help people when they are

in difficult situation.

Figure: Place CCTV at place crime is frequent occurs.

Figure: Police station Kajang



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Figure: Fire station Kajang

CPTED: crime prevention through environmental design. Planning and design must

conceive urban spaces so that they create and encourage a sense of territory, and be aware

of which physical characteristics (such as being open or closed, visible or hidden, light or

dark, accessible or inaccessible, public or private) allow or prevent the opportunity for a

criminal act.

Employing these principles in the design or redesign of a public space can contribute to

the safety of that space as part of a comprehensive crime prevention strategy. These

principles also can be applied to multi-unit residential sites, retirement village.

i. Lighting;

To ensure the appropriate placement of lighting to avoid shadows and glare which

might put pedestrians at risk

ii. Natural surveillance and sightlines;

To provide unimpeded sightlines, particularly along pedestrian pathways.

To encourage natural surveillance from surrounding buildings and land uses.



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Encourage mixed use developments to facilitate day and night use of public spaces,

taking into account compatible uses and avoiding potentially conflicting uses.

Figure: Land use mix, facilitating casual surveillanceiii. Signage;

To provide adequate, easily legible signage to assist pedestrians, particularly older

people and people with disabilities, to find their way safely.



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Figure: Signage

Figure: The signage design suggest for Kajang.

iv. Building design;

To reduce the risk of public buildings contributing to crime or safety problems.

Consider crime reduction measures in the early design stages of public buildings

and ensure that measures are compatible with other design criteria. For example,

provide windows overlooking public areas, avoid locating toilets, service areas

and ramps in isolated areas and avoid designing features that create entrapment

spaces.

v. Land use mix;

To create a mix of uses (such as restaurants, businesses and shops which open at

night and after hours) which promote round-the-clock surveillance and arecompatible with neighbouring uses such as residential areasTo create a mix of

uses (such as restaurants, businesses and shops which open at night and after

hours) which promote round-the-clock surveillance and are compatible with

neighbouring uses such as residential areas



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vi. Management and maintenance.

Promptly repair damage to public spaces to ensure safety for all users and to

reduce the risk of crime. Use imaginative solutions to overcome vandalism

problems, such as wallmurals painted by local street artists and formalising

informal pathways subject to vandalism.

I. Landscape and Biodiversity

Currently Kajang is under development to a bigger town, so the landscape is more to

commercial area. Thus, our suggestion to improve the landscape of Kajang is do not

develop the reserved forests like area in UKM, reforest, plantation in city and do a green

landscape in houses.



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Nowadays, a rapid development is around us. While in developing, we also ignore

the impacts brought to the environment. Thus, at here our group is emphasizing a green

environment rather than commercial environment. Local authority should not approve

any apply from developer who wish to develop a reserved forest area. This is because

forest can reduce the effect of global warming and also can provide a living area to wild

animals.

Other than that, activities replant should be organized and taken part by public.

Replant can recover destroyed forest can get back our green landscape. Below is a poster

of a replant campaign.

As we known, city is a representation of a developed area. In this developed area

is full of commercial area, buildings. Thus, plantation in city will make a greener

landscape in Kajang.



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Besides that, residents in Kajang also have to take effort to create a green landscape in

Kajang. Residents can build a garden for those have big yard at home.

With a green landscape sure will have a good biodiversity.

Trees offer many environmental benefits. Trees reduce the urban heat island effect through evaporative cooling and

reducing the amount of sunlight that reaches parking lots and buildings.

This is especially true in areas with large impervious surfaces, such as parking

lots of stores and industrial complexes.



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Trees improve our air quality by filtering harmful dust and pollutants such as

ozone, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide from the air we breathe.

Trees give off oxygen that we need to breathe.

Trees reduce the amount of storm water runoff, which reduces erosion and

pollution in our waterways and may reduce the effects of flooding. Many species

of wildlife depend on trees for habitat.

Trees provide food, protection, and homes for many birds and mammals.

J. Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are

naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and

geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas:

electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy

services.

About 16% of global final energy consumption presently comes from renewable

resources, with 10% of all energy from traditional biomass, mainly used for heating, and

3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar,geothermal, and biofuels) account for another 3% and are growing rapidly. At the

national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy

contributing more than 20% of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are

projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond. Wind power,

for example, is growing at the rate of 30% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity

of 282,482 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2012.

Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast toother energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid

deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy

security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In international public



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opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar

power and wind power.

At here, our group suggest that in Kajang city, we can conduct few renewable energy like

wind power, solar power and hydropower. As we know, Malaysia is geographically

located at the equator and we receive sun 12 hours a day. Thus solar power as a

renewable energy in our city is not a big deal.

Local authority had to strictly request developer or any building project to install

a solar system in their building. In the future, all housings will be having a solar system

and the usage of electricity from TNB can be reduced.



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And lastly, hydro power also can be conducted in our city since there are few rivers in

Kajang. What we suggest is conducted in small stream because the river in Kajang is notvery big.



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K. Air Quality

Air quality is very important to us because we could go days without food and hours

without water, but you would last only a few minutes without air. On average, each of us

breathes over 3,000 gallons of air each day. We must have air to live.

Air pollution can damage trees, crops, other plants, lakes, and animals. In addition

to damaging the natural environment, air pollution also damages buildings, monuments,

and statues. It not only reduces how far you can see in national parks and cities, it even

interferes with aviation.

Breathing polluted air can make our eyes and nose burn. It can irritate our throat

and make breathing difficult. In fact, pollutants like tiny airborne particles and ground

level ozone can trigger respiratory problems, especially for people with asthma. Asthma

sufferers can be severely affected by air pollution. Air pollution can also aggravate health

problems for the elderly and others with heart or respiratory diseases.



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Some toxic chemicals released in the air such as benzene or vinyl chloride are

highly toxic and can cause cancer, birth defects, long term injury to the lungs, as well as

brain and nerve damage. And in some cases, breathing these chemicals can even cause

death.

Other pollutants make their way up into the upper atmosphere, causing a thinning

of the protective ozone layer. This has led to changes in the environment and dramatic

increases in skin cancers and cataracts (eye damage).

Air pollution isn‟t just a threat to our health, it also damages our environment.

Toxic air pollutants and the chemicals that form acid rain and ground-level ozone can

damage trees, crops, wildlife, lakes and other bodies of water. Those pollutants can also

harm fish and other aquatic life.

The health, environmental, and economic impacts of air pollution are significant.

Each day, air pollution causes thousands of illnesses leading to lost days at work and

school. Air pollution also reduces agricultural crop and commercial forest yields by

billions of dollars each year.



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Thus, a good planning to get rid of air pollution also is definite in our urban planning.

Here is some ways to improve our air quality, and this needs to get awareness from

public and co-operation from local authorities.

Keep car well-serviced and tyres properly inflated.

This will reduce exhaust emissions, increases fuel efficiency and saves you

money.

Only fill the petrol tank to the first click.

This will avoid spillage and reduces the release of petrol fumes into the air.

Switch to unleaded petrol.

This will reduce atmospheric lead levels. Unleaded petrol can be used in some pre-1986 vehicles. Check with the manufacturer.

Drive smoothly

Avoiding excessive acceleration and braking reduces exhaust emissions and helps

save money on petrol.



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Combine car trips.

Cold engines produce much more emissions than if the car is already warm, so

combining all of your errands into a longer journey reduces the level of emissions

produced.

Carpool with friends or co-workers.

This reduces the number of vehicles on the road and emissions. It also helps save

money by sharing petrol and toll expenses.

Walk or cycle.

This is a cheap, healthy alternative for short trips.

Catch public transport.

By catching the bus, train or ferry once a week you can reduce your contribution

to weekday air pollution by up to 20 per cent.

So from above, the planning can be conducted in urban planning is designing

more convenient and accessible public transport in Kajang, so that public will take public

transport rather than driving a car.



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In other way is planting in middle of city. As we known, plants is a cleaner in our

environment, thus planting in city sure can improve air quality and also can build out agreen environment.



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L. Water Quality and Drainage

Every living thing on earth needs water to survive. Human bodies are made up of

more than 60 percent water. We use clean water to drink, grow crops for food, operate

factories, and for swimming, surfing, fishing and sailing. Water is vitally important to

every aspect of our lives. Monitoring the quality of surface water will help protect our

waterways from pollution. Farmers can use the information to help better manage their

land and crops. Our local, state and national governments use monitoring information to

help control pollution levels. We can use this information to understand exactly how we

impact our water supply and to help us understand the important role we all play in water

conservation.

Water quality can be difficult to measure. Water is a vast network of branching

rivers, springs, creeks, swamps, estuaries, wetlands, lakes, bays, etc. Each water body can

contain dramatically different levels of pollution. Water quality issues influence human

and environmental health, so the more we monitor our water the better we will be able to

recognize and prevent contamination problems.

A good water quality will increase our life quality, thus improvement of water

quality and drainage should be executed in Kajang city.



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Keep paved surfaces clean

Sweep grass clippings and rake leaves from the street and storm drain. Clean up

spilled fertilizer, oil, and other chemicals and dispose of properly.

Turn downspout onto lawn

Runoff directed down driveway can pick up oil, yard waste, and other debris. Be a

good neighbor and be careful not to redirect the water towards neighbor‟s

property or a highly erodible area.

Reduce fertilizer use

Have soil tested before applying fertilizer to lawn. Excess fertilizer can runoff or

leach from the soil and impacts our lakes, creeks, and wetlands. Using a mulching

mower can be roughly equivalent to one free fertilizer application per year.

Wash vehicles on the lawn

Many soaps and detergents can contain phosphorus or other nutrients which may

benefit lawn but run off readily from paved surfaces where they can negatively

impact our water resources.

Capture and infiltrate your runoff

Install a rain garden or rain barrel. Reduce unnecessary impervious surfaces or

replace failing surfaces with pervious pavers to help increase the amount of runoff

absorbed into the ground.



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In our opinion, the most important to supply a good water quality is have a good water

treatment plant. As we know, almost all residents are getting water from pipe. And water

from pipe is come after from water treatment plant. The function of water treatment plant

is the most important to supply clean water.



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This is a planning to build a treatment plant in a green environment. Besides that, the

rainwater harvesting also can be applied to new housing area or building project. The

water from rainwater is clean enough.

Lastly, we suggest that using underground tunnel as Kajang ‟s drainage system. A good

drainage system can avoid flooding and protect public from danger.



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Conclusion

Strategic urban planning is very important in ensuring sustainable utilization of

land available in urban areas. Authorities need to come up with sustainable plans to make

use of the resources available in the highly populated areas. A good urban planning plan

can help to promote development in an area as well as solve some of the problems that

face urban areas such as high population and sanitation problems.

One of the importance of urban planning is to enable correction of mistakes that

had earlier being made in the design of urban areas. Some of these problems include

sanitation problems that have rendered some of the major cities in the world unhealthy

for human occupation. Effective urban planning takes into consideration all the

demographic factors in the area to ensure that the population has access to clean water

and other basic necessities of life.

Environmental protection is also one of the reasons why companies offer urban

planning services. It aims at protecting and conserving the natural resources available in

the urban areas. Global warming and environmental degradation has destroyed the

environment leading to reduction of resources that are offered by the environment.



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Pollution of the environment by the various human activities such as agricultural projects

has led to degradation of the environment. Hence urban planning aims at minimizing

degradation of the environment and sustainable use of resources available in the urban

areas.

Sustainable infrastructure is one of the reasons why most of the urban areas are

seeking the services of urban planning companies. The high rate of increase in population

has led to the need to develop good infrastructure to serve the large population. This

helps in easing congestion in the cities that in most cases causes traffic jams and even rise

in the number of accidents per day.

Health of a population is very important in promoting development and economic

advancements. There is need for urban areas to implement effective plans that aim tomake the urban areas more conducive for human occupation. Urban planning aims at

reducing some of the problems such as pollution that is usually caused by human

activities. Air pollution has led to deterioration of the air quality leading to health

complications that are caused by high concentration of gases in the atmosphere. This can

be reduced by putting in place regulations and effective industrial plans that do not

pollute the environment.

Buildings are being erected in urban areas at a very high rate. This has resulted in

a reduction land available for other purposes such as agricultural activities. In the

developing countries, agriculture is the backbone of the economy. Lack of enough space

to cultivate can lead to low production of agricultural products that contribute to the

economy. Urban planning helps to solve this problem by putting in place plans that

ensure that land is used in a way that there is enough land to carry out agricultural

activities. Hence urban planning is very important in development of sustainable urban

areas. It can help in promoting development and prevent occurrence of disaster throughimplementation of strategic risk management plans in urban planning.



KAJANG LOCAL PLAN

Kajang Local Plan Sustainable Development

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Transcript of Kajang Local Plan Sustainable Development