Supplementation of Kemuning Leaves Powder (Murraya paniculata) and LingzhiPowder (Ganoderma lucidum) in the Diets on Milk Production of PE oats !" Suningsih#$ D" Evv%ernie&'$ and (" )" Sukria&1Major Program of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Graduate School, Bogor Agricaltural University

!e"artement of Nutrition and Feed #echnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricaltural University$ln% Agatis, &am"us 'PB !armaga Bogor 1(()*, 'ndonesia+,orres"onding -.mail/ erniedea)012gmail%com)*S+,)-+#his study aimed to evaluate the su""lementation of 3emuning leaves "o4der andling5hi "o4der indiets for mil3"roductionof -tta4a cross6red7P-8 goats% #hee9"erimental design used 4as a randomi5ed 6loc3 design consisting of : treatments and0 goats 6loc3% #he treatments 4ere #* ; 6asal diets, #1 ; #* < => 3emuning leaves"o4der, #;#*ling5hi "o4der% !ata4ereanaly5edusingAN?@Aand!uncan test% @aria6les o6served 4ere the inta3e of dry matter 7!M8and organic matter7?M8, the digesti6ility of !M and ?M, the mil3 "roduction, and the mil3 Auality% #heresults sho4edthat thesu""lementationof =>3emuningleaves "o4der and*%=>ling5hi "o4der in diets gave the same effect4ith controlto the all varia6lesmeasurement% From this study it could 6e concluded that su""lementation => 3emuningleaves "o4der in the diets 4as a6le to maintain lactating "ea3 on mil3 "roduction loss"hase so it might 6e used as feed su""lement to im"rove mil3 "roduction of P- goats%Ke% words/ 3emuning leaves 7Murraya paniculata8, ling5hi 7Ganoderma lucidum8, P-goats, mil3 "roduction)*S+,)KPenelitian ini 6ertujuan untu3 mengevaluasi su"lementasi te"ung daun 3emuningdan te"ung ling5hi di dalam ransum terhada" "rodu3si susu 3am6ing Perana3an -tta4a7P-8%Bancangan"erco6aanyangdiguna3anadalahrancanganaca33elom"o3yangterdiri atas:"erla3uanransum dan03elom"o3terna3% Perla3uanyangdico6a3an11212345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293034yaitu #*; ransum6asal,#1 ; #* % !ata dianalisisdengan AN?@A dan uji !uncan%Peu6ah yang diamatiadalah 3onsumsi 6ahan 3ering 7B&8 dan 6ahan organi3 7B?8, 3ecernaan B& dan B?,"rodu3si susu, dan3ualitassusu%Casil "enelitianmenunju33an6ah4asu"lementasite"ung daun 3emuning => dan te"ung ling5hi *%=> mem6eri3an "engaruh yang samadengan 3ontrol terhada" semua "eu6ah yang diu3ur%!ari "enelitian ini da"atdisim"ul3an6ah4asu"lementasi te"ungdaun3emuning=>di dalamransumda"atmem"ertahan3an"unca3la3tasi "adafase"enurunan"rodu3si sususehinggada"atdiguna3an se6agai su"lemen "a3an untu3 mem"er6ai3i "rodu3si susu 3am6ing P-%Katakunci/daun3emuning 7Murrayapaniculata8, ling5hi 7Ganodermalucidum8,3am6ing P-, "rodu3si susu% .!+,/D0-+./!'ncreasingthenum6er of"eo"lein'ndonesiaalsoaccom"anied6yincreasing"u6lic a4areness of the im"ortance of consuming mil3, goatDs mil3 4hich can "rovideadditional 6enefitstothenutritional valueandhealth7Silani3oveet al.,*1*8% #hiscondition is not matched 4ith the availa6ility or sufficient of mil3"roduction% 'n theyears *1 . *1: the availa6ility of mil3 in 'ndonesia 4as *%E:>4hile theconsum"tionof mil3 6y 1E%:1> 7B&P, *108%'t is meant 'ndonesia 4as still deficientmil3 su""ly for 1(%1(> and 'ndonesia im"orted mil3 for sufficient it7Mar4ah et al%,*1*8%?ne cause of the lo4 mil3 "roduction in 'ndonesia is due to disease in animals,such as mastitis disease and "arasitic 4orms 7Purnomo et al%, **(F Moreno.Gon5alo etal%,*18%Mastitisisan inflammationofinternalmammarygland tissue mar3ed 6y"hysical change in mammary gland 7clinical mastitis8 or no "hysical change inmammarygland7su6clinicalmastitis87Na5ifietal%,*11F $acomeet al.,*108% #he

563132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545578"revalence of su6clinical mastitis in 'ndonesia until the year **1 4as )=> 7Bahayu,**18%Manysu6clinical mastitis is caused6y"athogenic microorganismssuchasStaphylococcus aureus7Su4ito and 'ndarjulianto, *1:8 that had im"act on decline ofmil3 "roduction 6y 1*> . => 7Geitner et al%, **)8% #he "arasitic 4orm infections 4illresult in a decrease in mil3 "roduction 6y (%=> . 1%=> 7Al6erti et al%, *1 #he useof chemicaldrugs as anti6iotics to overcome incidence of mastitis and also "arasiticinfection 4ill cause resistance in animal,found drug residues in animal "roduct7meat,mil3, and eggs8 7Nel4ida et al%, **)F Fatisa, *1:8 so it can 6e harmful to consumers%Utili5ation of natural materials that can serve as antimastitis and also as anti"arasiticneeds to 6e done instead of chemical drugs, so that the "ur"ose of the increase in mil3"roduction can 6e achieved 4ithout endangering cattle, consumer and also reduce lossesof farmers%Natural materials su""lementation such as 3emuning leaves 7Murraya paniculata8has"reviously6eendoneinthediet 6othinvitroandinvivo, 6ut hasnot sho4nsignificant results 7Huniarti et al%, *1=F Nurjannah et al%, *1=8 that need to 6e studiedfurther,&emuningleaves orMurraya panicualata7Ginn%8 $ac3 included in the familyButaceae 7A5i5et al.,*1*8%&emuning leaves commonly 3no4n as orange jasmine,satin4ood, honey6ushandsoon% &emuningleavescontainavarietyof6ioactivecom"onents are flavonoids, indole al3aloids, s"iroAuina5oline, coumarin, isoflavonoids,essential oils, "olysaccharides, andfattyacids7Gillet al%, *10F ,ho4dhuryet al%,**)8% #he 6ioactive com"onents can sho4antio9idant activity, anti.im"lantation,antinocice"tion, antiinflammatory, immunorea3tif, antiinfertil, antimicro6ial, antifungal,stimulants, anddysentery7,henet al%, **1F Boutet al%, **EF Shar3erandShaid,**18%:9105657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778791112#he ling5hi mushroom orGanoderma lucidumincluded in the familyPoly"oraceae andhas another name, 4oodmushrooms, redmushroom, andreishi7Ningsih et al%, **1F Furi and Arifah *118% Ging5hi mushroom 7Ganoderma lucidum8containing"henoliccom"onentsasmuchas01%=mgIgandflavonoidsasmuchas1*%(( mgIg can act as an antio9idant, antifungal, anti6acterial, antiinflammatori, anti.carcinogenic, and antidia6etic 7,eli3 et al%, *10F Ningsih et al%, **18% Also accordingto Parjimo and Cardi 7**)8 Ging5hi mushrooms contain 0:%1> car6ohydrate, (%0>"rotein, 0%=> fat, 11%*> ash and (%1> 4ater% #he 6ioactive com"onents in ling5hi areclassified into : namely solu6le in 4ater :*> 7"olysaccharides and organicgermanium8,solu6le in organic solvents as much as (=> 7adenosine and ter"enoids8and volatile com"onents as much as => 7ganoderat acid8% Polysaccharides are immuneactivator su6strate 7Gu, *118% Utili5ation ofGanoderma lucidumas su""lements canim"rove immunity in shee" 7&hal3hane et al%, *1:8%Basedon the descri"tion, in this study4as conducted su""lementation of3emuning leaves "o4der and ling5hi "o4der in goatJs diets% #his study aimed to assesstheeffectofsu""lementationof3emuningleaves"o4derandling5hi"o4derinthedietson!Mand?Minta3e,!Mand?Mdigesti6ility, mil3"roduction,andmil3Auality%M)+E,.)LS )!DME+(/DSKemuning Leaves Powder$ Lingzhi Powder$ E1perimental Diets$ and )nimals&emuning leaves "o4der o6tained 6y drying the 3emuning leaves in the sun thatis "rotected 6y the cano"y for 0) hours, then dried at (*K, oven for 0) hours% ?ncedried and then milled using a grinding machine !is3 Mill to 6e o6tained in the form of"o4der% #he ling5hi "o4der o6tained 6y cho""ing advance, then dried in the sun and0131480818283848586878889909192939495969798991001011021031516then dried at (*K, oven% ?nce dry milled in a machine "o4der ling5hi 6rands Hama3u!is3 Mill Model FF,.:E made in $imo Shandong ,hina 4ith a s"eed of :(** r"m%#reatment given diets consisting of :=> forage and (=> concentrate 7#a6le 18%Forage consists of grass and "ellet of indigofera% ,oncentrate consisting of the dregs of"alm, soy6ean dregs, coconut ca3e, 6ran, !,P, and ,a,?:% #he amount of feed given toeach goat is 0> !M of their 6ody 4eight a goat% Lhile the drin3ing 4ater "rovided adli6itum%#he 6asal diet in this study is the 6est diets o6tained from research Huniarti et al.,7*1=8%#hedietsformulationusedinthis studycontains nutrients suita6lefor themaintenanceand "roductivity ofgoatlactation%AccordingtoNB,7**E8, the crude"roteinreAuirement ofgoat lactationranged6et4een1.1E>,#!Nranged6et4een=:> . ((>, and feeding in the form of dry ingredients ranged 6et4een %)> . 0%(> !Mof 6ody 4eight%#his study uses 1 P- goats in lactation to . 0 7M 111th day in lactation or 4ee3 .1=8, the "eriod of lactation 1.0 4ith average 6ody 4eight . average ==%E( 3g M 1*%*:%the Ggoats are "laced in individual cages%Design of E1periments$ -hemical )nal%sis$ and Data -ollection#he e9"erimental design used 4as a randomi5ed 6loc3 design 4ith : treatments and 0grou"s of goats% Grou"ing is 6ased on daily mil3 "roduction of goat mil3 "roduction isvery lo4 grou" 4ere coded 1 701( ml . (: ml8, lo4.coded7(0* ml . )*0 ml8, 4asgiven a code : 7)1 ml . 10* ml8, and high coded 0 71**( ml . 1:1( ml8% #he treatments4ere tested, namely #* ; 6asal diets, #1 ; #* < => 3emuning leaves "o4der, and # ;#* < *%=> ling5hi "o4der% Su""lementation => 3emuning leaves "o4der is 6ased onthe dosage of 1> e9tract 3emuning leaves eAuivalent to => of 3emuning leaves "o4der=171810410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912012112212312412512612719207level tests have 6een conducted in vitro8% #he ling5hi su""lementation of *%=> is 6asedon the dosage of *%*> ling5hi e9tract 71* g e9tractI=* 3g 6ody 4eight of cattle8 iseAuivalent to*%=>of"o4derling5hi% #hevaria6les4ereo6servedinthisstudyisinta3e of !M and ?M, digesti6ility of !M and ?M, mil3 "roduction and mil3 Auality%Also on the discussion 4ill 6e a correlation 6et4een the inta3e of B?IL*%E= 7meta6olic6ody 4eight8 4ith a mil3 "roduction of (> F,M 7Bice, 11E*8, Formula mil3 yieldof(> F,M 7Fat corrected mil38 are as follo4s/(> F,M 73g8 ; 7*%0 M < 1= F8 I 1%:Notes/ M ; mil3 "roduction 73g8F ; mil3 fatAnalysis of thenutrient content of thedietsdonePro9imatemethod7A?A,,**=8% !ensity ofmil3 ismeasured6y usingthetool Ga3todensimeter, mil3fat4asmeasured6ythemethodof Ger6er, andmil3"roteincontent 4as measuredusingFormol #itration%#hesolidnonfat ofmil3calculated6ysu6tractingthetotal solidcontent of mil3 4ith fat mil3, 4hich total solid of mil3 calculated using the Fleischmanformula/#otal solid of Mil3; 1%: G < %E1 1** 7! N 18!Notes /G ; mil3 fat! ; density-ollecting and )nal%sis of Data#he datacollectingoffeed inta3e and mil3 "roduction is done every daythroughout the study% Mil3ing is done every t4o times a day ie morning 7E/** am8 andafternoon 71E/** "m8% Mil3 "roduction 4as measured using a scale measuring cu" 1 G%(21221281291301311321331341351361371381391401411421431441451461471481491501512324#o determine the digesti6ility of dry matter and organic matter carried colecting feedfaeces for E days 6efore the study ended%!ata 4ere statistically analy5ed using analysis of variance 7AN?@A8 and if thereare significant differences 6et4een treatments, carried out a further test !uncan 7Steeland #orrie, 111:8% !ata analysis using SAS 1%: statistical soft4are assistance%,ES0L+ )!D D.S-0SS./!.ntake and Digesti2ilit% of Diets#he value of dry matter 7!M8 inta3e and organic matter 7B?8 inta3e, !M and B?digesti6ility in goats 4ere given diets of treatment is sho4n in #a6le % #he inta3e valueand digesti6ility in this study, the control treatment 7#*8, the treatment receivedsu""lementation =>3emuning leaves "o4der 7#18 and the treatment receivedsu""lementation of "o4der ling5hi *%=> 7#8, 6oth in did not differ significantly% #hissho4s that the treatment of #1 and # have the same "otential 4ith #* in influencinginta3e and digesti6ility% 'n the treatment of #1 seen no trend of increased !M and ?Minta3e, !M and ?M digesti6ility% #his indicates that the addition of 3emuning leaves"o4der 4ithin => relative increase the "alata6ility of the feed diets% #he "alata6ility offeed is affected 6y the aroma, flavor, color and "hysical feed% 'n this case the 3emuningleaves"o4dersu""lementation can cause a distinctive aroma 6ecause it containsessential oils that are volatile as sesAuiter"enoids 701%*>8, O.cyclocitral 7%1>8, andmethyl salicylate 7%0>8 7?la4ore et al.,**=8 4hich can increase livestoc3 to feedfavorite 7Bochfort et al%, **)F Ba"isarda et al%, *18%#he !M inta3e value in this study :%1(> lo4er than the research Mar4ah et al.,7*1*8 4ho did 3atu3 7Sauropus adrogynus8 leaves "o4der su""lementation in the dietsgoats% Co4ever, !M and ?M digesti6ility values in this study 4as :1%E1> seAuentiallyE25261521531541551561571581591601611621631641651661671681691701711721731741752728and :1%E(> higher than the !M and ?M digesti6ility value on research Mar4ah et al%,7*1*8% #hismeansthat thefeedusedinthisstudycan6e"ut togooduse6ytheanimalDs 6ody%Milk Production'nFigure14ecanseetheeffect of6asaldiets7#*8, su""lementationof=>3emuning leaves"o4der 7#18andsu""lementation of*%=> ling5hi"o4der 7#8 indiets for goat mil3 "roduction% #he average mil3 "roduction at #* 4as *%E0 GIheadIday,#1of *%): GIheadIday, and # of *%(1 GIheadIday% #he mil3 "roduction of (> F,M7#a6le 8 at #* treatment 4as *%1* GIheadIday, #1 treatment as much as *%11GIheadIday, and # treatments as much as *%)0 GIheadIday%Mil3 "roduction is the main o6jective of raising dairy cattle% Mil3 "roduction inthis study 4ere o6served for :* days, from day 111 to day.to.10* 4ith the average dailymil3 "roduction of *%E=1 GIheadIday% ?n the 11=th day mil3 "roduction almost at thesame "oint for all treatments, 4ith a range of mil3 "roduction 6y *%EE(.*%)*GIheadIday% ?6servations mil3 "roduction until the last day of a decline of 0%1)> to*%()1.*%):*GIheadIday% !ailymil3yield7*%E=1GIheadIday8 inthisstudyishigher=%*(>ofdailymil3"roduction7*%E1:GIheadIday8 goat onresearch Huniartiet al%,7*1=8 4hich uses multi"le levels dregs of "alm in goat ration% Mil3 "roduction in #*treatment decreased 6y =%=1> on the last day of o6servation 7day 10*8% Mil3 "roductionin #1 treatment decreased 6y *%E(> and mil3 "roduction in # treatment decreased 6y1%1=>% Factors affecting mil3 "roduction during lactation is among others feed,genetic, season, "arity num6er, ages, 6reeds, and months of lactation 4here mutuallyinfluence each other and su""ort 7'shag et al%, *1F Assan, *1=F Laheed and &han,*1:F Marete et al%, *108%)29301761771781791801811821831841851861871881891901911921931941951961971981993132Goats 4ere used in this study 4as the goat on the "hase of the 0th lactation monthor4ee31=, 4heremil3"roductionisonlyaround:)%)1>ormil3"roductionhasdecreased 6y (1%11> from the "ea3 mil3 "roduction that has occurred in the 4ee3 :rd7Fitriyanto et al%, *1:F Laheed and &han, *1:8 and goat mil3 "roduction is li3ely tocontinuetodeclineuntil thedry"eriod% 'nFigure1the"roductionofmil3inthetreatment of #1 sho4ed "ea3 "roduction at day . 10 and 1(, the #* treatment of mil3"roduction "ea3 occurred on day . 1= and in treatment # "roduction "ea3 occurred onday . 11)% Based on these results, su""lementation of "o4der 3emuning leaves => inthediet can"rolonglactation"ea3andslo4thedeclineinmil3"roduction% 't issus"ected that the diet rich in 6ioactive com"onents used to im"rove the "hysiologicalcondition of the 6ody, es"ecially "hysiological udder gland 7Mardalena et al%, *118 soas to e9tend the "eriod of lactation%Furthermore, 6y com"aring the "roduction of mil3 in treatment #1 7*%):*GIheadIday8 4ith the "roduction of mil3 7*%)1 GIheadIday8 of goat 6reeders 4ere givenrations consisting of ele"hant grass, soy6ean dregs, "ollard, coconut ca3e, 6ran, "remi3,and,a,?:7Nurjannahet al., *1=8, 3no4ndistinctionmil3"roduction6y%::>higher at #1% 't is sus"ected 3emuning leaves of "lants 6elonging to the grou"galactogogue 7im"rove mil3 "roduction8 seems li3e alfalfa and 6orage 7Pu""aet al.,*1*F Farhadiet al.,*18, 4hichis galactogogue mechanismthroughdo"aminerece"tor antagonists that activates the hormone "rolactin, 4hich is hormones that canstimulate the "roduction of mil3 7!iana and Gisa **18%+he correlation 2etween the /M intake3 45"67 with 89 :-M Milk Production@alue regression in this calculation aims to e9amine the relationshi" or correlation6et4een the inta3e of B? I L*%E= 4ith (> F,M mil3 "roduction as sho4n in Figure %#he regression eAuation at #* treatment is H ; .(=%1EQ < 1%0 7B

; *%*1(, B ;133342002012022032042052062072082092102112122132142152162172182192202212222232243536*%:*0*8, #1isH;E),1*(Q*%=>donot haveanegative im"act on the Auality of mil3%1*37382252262272282292302312322332342352362372382392402412422432442452462472483940Goat mil3Aualitystandardsthat have"remiumaccordingto#haiAgriculturalStandard 7**)8 contains a "rotein contentS :%E*>, fat contentS 0>, dry matterS 1:/**%'n this study, 6oth from goat mil3 Auality in the given control diet, su""lementation of"o4der 3emuningleaves=>7#18 and"o4der ling5hi *%=>7#*8 alreadymeet thee9isting standards of mil3 Auality, ie 1%*:** to density, 1(%E0> . 1(%1 > for B&, :%)= .0/**> for "rotein, E%*= to E%*E> for fat, and 1%() . 1%)E> for BG% Factors affectingtheAualityof4hichisthenationDsdairymil3cattle, lactationstatus, environmentalconditions, feed,and mil3ing"rocedures 7Mahmoudet al%,*10F Mutamimahet al%,*1:8% #he value of mil3 "rotein concentrate is affected 6y the "rovision Su3arini 7**(8as an energy source, es"ecially solu6le car6ohydrates, 4hich facilitates theesta6lishment of "ro"ionic availa6ility there6y reducing the need for amino acids forgluconeogenesis that ma3es moreaminoacids availa6leinthesmall intestine andsynthesis of "rotein in the mammary gland 7Purriyati et al%, *11F Su3arini **(F Utariet al% *18% Goat mil3 fat in this study e9ceeded e9isting standards% #his is "resuma6ly6ecause the ration 6eing used is rich in antio9idants that tend to increase theconcentration of mil3 fat 7Boerman et al%, *10F ,a6iddu et al.,**(8% Several otherstudies also noted that the "recursor of mil3 fat is acetic acid as a "roduct of fi6rousfeed fermentation in the rumen% #he higher "roduction of acetate, the more the synthesisof fatty acids% #hus the higher the fat content of mil3 7Purriyyati et al%, *118%-/!-L0S./!Su""lementation "o4der 3emuning leaves => and *%=> ling5hi "o4der in rationgives the same effect 4ith control over inta3e and B? B&, B& and B? digesti6ility,mil3 "roduction and mil3 Auality% Su""lementation "o4der 3emuning leaves => in "ea31141422492502512522532542552562572582592602612622632642652662672682692702712724344lactation ration a6le to maintain the reduction in mil3 "roduction "hase so that it can 6eused as a feed su""lement to im"rove the "roduction of goatDs mil3%)-K!/4LEDEME!+#he author 4ould li3e to than3 !'PA 'PB through medicinal Study ,enter GPPMfiscal year *10 that has funded this study to com"lete%,E:E,E!-ES)" S" ,ao" **E% Bioactive com"oundsandantio9idant "otential of mango"eel e9tract% $%-lsevier Food,hemistry%1*=/1)N1))% )l2erti$ E" >"$ S" )" ?anzani$ !" :errari$ " *runi$ = M" +" Manfredi" *1% -ffectsof gastrointestinal nematodes on mil3 "roductivity in three dairy goat 6reeds% $%Small Bumin% Bes. 1*(/1N1E%)/)-")ssociation of /fficial )nal%tical -hemists"&557"?fficial methods ofA?A, 'nternational% 1)ed Assoc% ?ff% Ana% ,hem, Lashington !, 7US8%)ssan$ !" *1=% Significance of "arity, year.season and "rolificacy in influencing goatmil3 "roduction traits% Agricultural Advances% 1/1.(%)ziz$S"S"S")"$ M")"Sukari$ M",ahmani$ M"Kita")hpandi" *1*% ,oumarins from Murraya paniculata 7Butaceae8% #he Malaysian$% of Analytical Sciences% 1/1N=%*KP" *10% Statisti3 3etahanan "angan *1:% htt"/II63"%"ertanian%go%idI T1: $uni *1=U%*odas$,"$ S"Lopez$ M":ernandez$ ,"arcia@onzalez$)"*",odrAguez$,">"4allace$ = >" S" onzalez" **)% 'n vitro screening of the "otential of numerous"lant s"ecies as antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants% $% Anim% Feed Sci%#echnol% 10=/0=N=)%145462732742752762772782792802812822832842852862872882892902912922932942952964748*oerman$ >" P"$ -" L" Preseault$ >" Kraft$ +" (" M" Dann$ = )" L" Lock" *10% Shortcommunication/-ffect of antio9idant su""lementation on mil3 "roduction, mil3fat synthesis, and mil3 fatty acids in dairy co4s 4hen fed a diet designed to causemil3 fat de"ression% $% !airy Sci% 1E/1*EE.1*)1% -a2iddu$)"$ M")ddis$ "Pinna$ S"Spada$ M":iori$ M"Sitzia$ )"Pirisi$ "Piredda$= "Molle"**(% #heinclusionofadaisy"lant 7Chrysanthemumcoronarium8 in dairy shee" diet% 1, -ffect on mil3 and cheese fatty acidcom"osition 4ith "articular reference to ,1)/cis.1,trans.11% $% Giv% Sci% 1*1/=EN(E, -elik$"B"$ D"/n2asli$ *")ltinso%$= (")lli"*10% 'nvitroantimicro6ial danantio9idant "ro"erties of Ganoderma lucidum e9tracts gro4n in tur3ey. -uro"ean$% of Medicinal Plants% (/ E*1.E%-hen$ -" ("$ P" B" -hen$ +" (" Lee$ = -" K" Lee" **1% Antio9idant activity of some"lant e9tracts to4ards 9anthine o9idase, li"o9ygenase and tyrosinase% $%Molecules% 10/ 10E.1=)%-howdhur%$ >" 0"$ M" !" ." *hui%an$ = M" Busuf" **)% ,hemical com"osition of theleaf essential oils ofMurraya koenigii7G%8 S"reng and Murraya paniculata7G%8$ac3% Bangladesh $% Pharmacol% :/ =1.(:% -igari$:"("$ M"Khorvash$ ","hor2ani$ M"Kadivar$+")",iasi$=?e2eli"*10% -ffect of su""lementation 4ith a "hyto6iotics.rich her6al mi9ture on"erformance, udderhealth, andmeta6olicstatusofColsteinco4s4ithvoriuslevels of mil3 somatic cells counts% $% !airy Sci% 1E/1.11%4"Diana$= M"Lisa" &55C" #he 6reastfeeding motherJs guide to ma3ing more mil3%United States/McGra4.Cill%1:49502972982993003013023033043053063073083093103113123133143153163173183193205152Farhadi, R., M. Salehi, H. Balashahri, G. Tilebeni,&M.Sadeghi.2012. Pharmacologyofborage(BoragoofcinalisL.)Medicinal Plant% 'nt% $% Agron% Plant Prod%2: 73-77.:atisa$ B"*1:%!aya anti6a3teri estra3 3ulit dan 6iji 6uah "ulasan7Nepheliummutabile8 terhada" Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro. $%Peterna3an% 1/:1 N :)%:itri%anto$ B")"+riana$= 0"Sri"*1:% &ajianvis3ositas dan6erat jenis susu3am6ing Perana3an -tta4a 7P-8 "ada a4al, "unca3, dan a3hir la3tasi% $%'lmiahPeterna3an% 1/ 11.:*(%:uri$P","= S"4" )rifah"*11%Pengaruh e3stra3 etanol jamur ling5hi 7Gnodermalucidum8 terhada" 3adar hdl 7high density li"o"rotein8 "ada ti3us disli"idemia% $%Pharmacon% 1/1.)%ill$!"S"$ !"Kaur$ = ," )rora"*10%Murraya paniculata Linn% 'nternational $%of'nstitutional Pharmacy and Gife Sciences% 0/ 01.()*E%(artadi$ ("$ S" ,eksohadiproDcome#$ ." 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< *%**) 7S&8 7B-#N8 < *%111 7G&8 7B-#N8 F,M 7GIheadIday8*%1*M*%*= *%11M*%*= *%)0M*%*)Notes /#* ; 6asal diets, #1 ; #* < => 3emuning leaves "o4der, # ; #* < *%=> ling5hi "o4der, !M ;dry matter, ?M ; organic matter, F,M ; #at corrected milk1173744384394404414424434444454464474484494504514524534544557576Figure 1% Mean of mil3 "roduction 7GIheadIday8 goats 4ere given treatment diets, #* ; 6asal diets, #1 ; #* < => 3emuning leaves "o4der, # ; #* < *%=> ling5hi "o4der%Figure%#he correlation 6et4een ?M inta3eIL*%E= 4ith mil3 "roduction of (> F,MF #* ; 6asal dietsF#1 ; #* 3emuning leaves "o4derF # ; #* < *%=> ling5hi "o4der%#a6le :% #he Auality of goatDs mil3 treatment fedtail@aria6le#reatments #* #1 #Mil3 density 1%*:M*%** 1%*:M*%** 1%*:M*%**#otal solid 7>8 1(%)EM*%=1 1(%E0M*%(1 1(%1M*%E(Mil3 "rotein 7>8 0%**M*%:1 :%)=M*%0 :%1=M*%00Mil3 fat 7>8 E%*EM*%0: E%*(M*%0= E%*=M*%=:Solid non fat 7>8 1%)1M*%= 1%()M*%:: 1%)EM*%ENotes / #* ; 6asal diets, #1 ; #* < => 3emuning leaves "o4der, # ; #* < *%=> ling5hi "o4der% *77784564574584594604614624634644654667980