t]Pp-I-fn¬

]pkvXIw - 47

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy 90 cq]

H‰{]Xn- 7.50 cq]

e°w 4

Pqembv2007

sh_vssk‰v :- WWW.localgovkerala.net

C---sabn¬: panchrajmag@localgovkerala.net

FUn-‰-dpsS t]Pv

Du¿÷-kp-c£ ssIh-cn-°m≥

HsØm-cp-an®p {]h¿Øn°mw......... ................. .................... 2

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥

hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{XW ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS ]pØ≥ Nph-Sp-shbv]v

˛ B¿.-F¬. mSy ............................................................. 3

Bh-iy-Øn\v Du¿÷w

F√m-h¿°pw F√m\mfpw

˛ ]mtemfn apl-Ω-ZvIp´n ................................................... 6

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ Gsd

˛ F.-sI. _me≥ ............................................................ 8

DØ-c-hp-Iƒ, k¿°p-edpIƒ, ÿncw ]w‡nIƒ...

teJIcpsS A`n{]mbw k¿°mcnt‚Xmbncn°Wsa∂n√, AhbpsS ]q¿Æamb DØchmZnXzw teJI¿°v am{Xambncn°pw.

Ih¿ Unssk≥ & te Hu´v - tKmUvs{^

FUn-‰¿

F. APnXvIpam¿, IAS���� ������

Akn v FUn-‰¿

Pn. lcn-Ir-jvW≥���� �����

D]tZiI kanXnsNb¿am≥

{io. ]mtemfn apl-ΩZvIp´n, Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp∏v a{¥n{io.Fkv.-Fw. hnP-bm-\μv , sF.F.-Fkv.

({]n≥kn∏¬ sk{I´dn, Xt±ikzbw`cWhIp∏v)

{io. sI. \mcm-b-W≥, {]kn-U‚v(tIcf {Kma]©mbØv Atkmkntbj≥)

{io. -Pn. lcn-Ir-jvW≥(]ªnkn‰n Hm^ok¿)

{io. ]n. thWp-tKm-]m¬, sF.F.-Fkv(UbdIvS¿, C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dntej≥kv hIp∏v)

{io. _n.F-kv. {]k-∂≥(sk{I´dn, {]kv ¢∫v, Xncph\¥]pcw)

{io. F. APnXvIpam¿, sF.F.Fkv.(]©mbØv UbdIvS¿, I¨ho-\¿)

DØ-c-hp-Iƒ, k¿°p-edpIƒ, ÿncw ]w‡nIƒ...

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥

cq]o-I-c-Whpw \mƒh-gnbpw

˛ ]n.-hn. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ .......................................................11

sNdp-InS Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ

Hcp am¿§-tcJ

˛ A\n¬. Pn .....................................................................20

{Kma-߃ C\n apX¬

Sqdn-Ãp-I-fpsSbpw kz]v\- qan

˛ ]©m-bØv \yqkv k¿Δokv ..........................................28

]©m-bØv {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw _m[-I-am-°nb

sI´nS \n¿ΩmW N´-߃ : Hcp kw£n]vXw

˛ sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ ...........................................................30

]©m-bØv cmPv

Du¿÷ kpc£ ssIhcn°m≥

HsØmcpan®p {]h¿Øn°mw

kºq¿Æ km£cXm {]ÿm\hpw P\Iobmkq{XW ]cn]mSnbpw Gs‰SpØv hnPbn∏n®

tIcfP\X ]Xns\m∂mw ]©h’c ]≤XnbpsS `mKambn ]pXpabp≈ as‰mcp ]cn]mSn

Gs‰Sp°pIbmWv. tIcfØnse F√m IpSpw_߃°pw PohXv {][m\ Du¿÷ e`yX Dd∏p

hcpØpIsb∂ e£yhpambn tIcfk¿°m¿ cq]oIcn®n´p≈ ""kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m

anj≥'' ]cn]mSnbmWv AXv. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£manjs‚ Hu]NmcnIamb {]h¿Øt\mZv

LmS\w C°gn™ Pq¨ A©n\v BZcWob\mb tIcf Kh¿W¿ {io. B¿. F¬. `mSy

\n¿hln°pIbp-≠mbn.

G‰hpw BZyw \qdpiXam\w {KmasshZypXoIcWsa∂ e£yw t\Snb kwÿm\ßfn

sem∂mWv tIcfw. F∂m¬ 2001˛se sk≥kkv IW°\pkcn®v GXm≠v 30% hoSpIƒ

tIcfØn¬ C\nbpw sshZypXoIcn°s∏SmsXbp≠v. Chbn¬ _lp`qcn]£hpw ]´nIPmXn

]´nIh¿K hn`mKßfpsSbpw a‰p ]m¿izhXvIrX P\hn`mKßfpsSbpamWpXm\pw. IqSmsX

`h\ sshZypXoIcWØns‚ {Kma˛ \Kc hyXymkhpw {it≤bamWv. AXmbXv Du¿÷tkh\

ßfpsS e`yXbn¬ hy‡ambpw ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂Xv kaqlØnse ]m¿izhXvIrX P\

hn`mKßfmb BZnhmknIfpw ]´nIPmXn P\hn`mKßfpw ]cºcmKX a’ysØmgnemfnI

fS°ap≈ a‰p Zcn{ZP\ßfpamWv. ]mNIC‘\e`yXbpw, e`n°p∂ Du¿÷tkh\ßfpsS

KpWta∑bpw IqSn IW°nseSpØm¬ Du¿÷hnIk\Ønse ]m¿izhXv°cWØns‚ Nn{Xw

IqSpX¬ hy‡amIpw. XpeyXbv°pw Imcy£aXbv°pw ]m¿izhXvIrX hn`mKßtfmSp≈

{]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\bv°pw {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ {]h¿Ø\]cn]mSnbneqsS am{Xta Cu {]iv\

߃°v ]cnlmcw Is≠Øm\mIq. kmaqlnI\oXn°pw kmt¶XnIanIhn\pw Xpey {]m[m\yw

\¬Ip∂ kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£manjs‚ {]h¿Ø\w {]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂Xv C°mcW

ØmemWv.

As\¿´v, C.Fw.kn., sshZypXnt_m¿Uv XpSßnb Du¿÷taJemÿm]\ßfpsSbpw

Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw {]h¿Ø\ßsf GtIm]n∏n°pIbpw ]ckv]cm\p

]qcIam°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v tIcfØns‚ Du¿÷taJebpsS khntij {]iv\ßsf

t\cnSm\mWv ""kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£manj≥'' e£yan´n´p≈Xv. Cu {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS

hnPbw hensbmcfhv B{ibn®ncn°p∂Xv, \ΩpsS hnhn[ Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfnse

P\Iob {]h¿ØIcpsSbpw Poh\°mcpsSbpw I¿ΩIpieXbnepw Bflm¿∞Xbnepw Xs∂

bmWv. {]mtZinI Du¿÷e`yXbpsSbpw Du¿÷ hnXcWØns‚bpw bYm¿∞ hniZmwi߃

tiJcn®pw {]iv\߃ Xncn®dn™pw, P\]£Øp\n∂p sIm≠v {KmahnIk\Øn\pw IqSpX¬

sXmgnehkc߃ krjvSn°p∂Xn\pw DXIp∂ hn[Øn¬ Du¿÷taJemhnIk\w \S∏m

°p∂Xn\v Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS ap≥ssI IqSntb Xocq. AXneqsStb tIcf

Øn\v kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£ ssIhcn°m\pamIq. AXn\mbn \ap°v HsØmcpan®p {]h¿

Øn°mw.

FUn-‰-dpsS t]Pv Pqembv 2007

F. APnXvIpam¿, sF.F.Fkv.

FUn‰¿

]©m-bØv cmPv

am\h hnIk\ kqNnIIfnse

t\´ßfpsS ImcyØn¬ C¥ybnse

at‰sXmcp kwÿm\tØ°mfpw hy‡

amb ap≥Xq°w ssIhcn®n´p≈

kwÿm\amWv tIcfw. Cu t\´w

ChnSsØ kmaqlnI ]cnjvIcW

{]ÿm\ßfpsSbpw P\Iob apt∂‰

ßfpsSbpw P\m[n]Xy k¿°mcpIƒ

ImemImeßfn¬ kzoIcn® P\]

£\S]SnIfpsSbpw ^eamWv. P\

t£a \S]SnIƒ i‡ns∏SpØp∂Xn

\pw am\hhnIk\amXrIIƒ sa®s∏

SpØp∂Xn\pap≈ H´\h[n \ho\

tZiob amXrIIƒ apt∂m´p hbv°p∂

Xn\v tIcfØn\v Ign™n´p≠v.

kºq¿Æ km£cXm {]ÿm\hpw

hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWw ^e{]Zam°p

∂Xn\mbp≈ P\Iob ]cn]mSnbp

sams° CØcØnepff \S]SnIfmbn

cp∂p. AXns\ms° XpS¿®bmbn tIcf

P\Xbv°v PohXv {][m\ Du¿÷˛

sshZypXne`yX Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn

\p≈ Hcp ap≥\nc ]≤Xn°v kwÿm\w

cq]w-\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂Xv BÀmZ

IcamWv. Cu {]h¿Ø\Øn\v F√m

`mhpIßfpw Adnbn°s´.

Fgp]XpIfn¬ Xs∂ \qdp iXam\w

{KmasshZypXoIcWsa∂ e£yw

ssIhcn® Npcp°w Nne kwÿm\

ßfnsem∂mWv tIcfw. F∂m¬

kºq¿ÆDu¿÷ kpc£m anj≥:hntI{μoIrXmkq{XW ]cn]mSnbpsS ]pØ≥ NphSpshbv]v

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-js‚ {]h¿Ø-t\m-ZvLm-S\w {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm≠v -tIcf Kh¿Æ¿B¿.-F¬.-`mSy kwkm-cn-°p∂p. 2007 Pq¨ 5 ˛ ]me-°mSv ap\n-kn-∏¬ Su¨ lmƒ

tIcf Kh¿Æ¿ B¿.F¬. `mSybpsSDZvLmS\ {]kwKØn¬ \n∂pw

P\t£a \S]SnIƒi‡ns∏SpØp∂Xn\pwam\h hnIk\amXrIIƒ sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\pap≈H´\h[n \ho\ tZiobamXrIIƒ apt∂m´phbv°p∂Xn\vtIcfØn\vIgn™n´p≠v. kºq¿Ækm£cXm {]ÿm\hpwhntI{μoIrXmkq{XWw^e{]Zam°p∂Xn\mbp≈ P\Iob]cn]mSnbpsams°CØcØnepff\S]SnIfmbncp∂p.AXns\ms°XpS¿®bmbn tIcfP\Xbv°v PohXv{][m\ Du¿÷˛sshZypXne`yXDd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p≈Hcp ap≥\nc ]≤Xn°vkwÿm\w cq]w-\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂XvBÀmZIcamWv.

3

]©m-bØv cmPv

`h\sshZypXoIcWØn¬ Db¿∂

t\´w ssIhcn°m≥ tIcfØn\mbn´n√.

]´nIPmXn, ]´nIh¿§ hn`mKßfp

sSbpw ]cºcmKX a’ysØmgnemfn

IfpsSbpw Zmcn{ZytcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈

a‰p ]m¿izhXvIrX P\hn`mKßfp

sSbpw hoSpIƒ sshZypXoIcn°p

∂Xn¬ C\nbpw Hcp]mSp apt∂td

≠Xp≠v. Xt±i`cWÿm]\ßfp

ambn tN¿∂p \S∏m°p∂Xn\mbn

kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ cq]w \¬Inbn

´p≈ Cu ""kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc

£manj≥'' F∂ ap≥\nc t{]mPIvSn\v,

\mw Gsd\mfmbn B{Kln°p∂

\qdpiXam\w h\sshZypXoIcWhpw

Hmtcm IpSpw_Øn\pw {]XnZn\w

Ipd™Xv Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXnbpw

F∂ e£yw t\Sm\mIpsa∂p

{]Xo£n°p∂p.

Km¿lnI Du¿÷ kpc£ F∂Xn¬

]mNI C‘\e`yXbpw Gsd

{][m\amWv. F√m IpSpw_Øn\pw

{]Xnamkw Btfmlcn c≠p Intem{Kmw

F¬.]n.Pn.bv°p Xpeyamb ]mNI

C‘\w e`yam°m\mIWw F∂

e£yamWv tZiobXeØn¬ Bkq

{XW IΩoj≥ apt∂m´p h®n´p≈Xv.

F¬.]n.Pn., asÆÆ, ssPhhmXIw,

s{]mUyqk¿ Kymkv, hndIv F∂nßs\

e`yamb hnhn[ C‘\cq]ßsf

Db¿∂ Imcy£aXtbmsS D]tbmK

s∏SpØns°m≠v P\߃°v ]mNI

C‘\e`yX Dd∏m°p∂Xn\p≈

{iaßfpw kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m

anjs‚ e£yambncn°Ww. Km¿lnI

taJebnepw tlm´epIƒ, Bip]

{XnIƒ XpSßnb ÿm]\ßfnepw

Bhiyamb NqSpsh≈w e`yam°p

∂Xn\v kucXmt]m¿÷]≤XnIƒ

Imcy£aambn D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂

Xn\pw {ian°Ww.

{KmaXeØn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂

sNdpInSbpw CSØchpamb hnhn[

kwcw`ßfpsS Du¿÷mhiy߃

\ndth‰p∂Xv kpÿncamb sXmgn¬

e`yX Dd∏m°p∂Xn\v AXymh

iyamWv. t_°dnIƒ, tlm´epIƒ,

dtÃmd‚pIƒ XpSßnb hnhn[ ]cº

cmKXkwcw`߃°pw IfnaÆv,

temlw, XSn, ssIØdn, a’y_‘

\hpw arKkwc£Whpw AS°ap≈

Im¿jnI kwkv°cWw XpSßnb

taJeIfnse sNdpInS kwcw`߃

°psams° hyXykvX Afhnepw

KpWta∑bnepw XpS¿®bmb Du¿÷

e`yX Dd∏mt°≠Xp≠v. Cu kwcw`

ßfpsS \ne\n¬∏pw kmºØnI

km≤yXbpw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\v

Ipd™ sNehnep≈ Du¿÷e`yX

Dd∏m°p∂Xv {][m\amWv. B[p\nI

eLp F©n\obdnwKv, CeIvt{SmWnIv

kwcw`߃°pw Iºyq´¿ A[njvTnX

tkh\tI{μ߃°pw, _nkn\kv

t{]mkkv Hu´vtkmgvknMv tI{μ

߃°psams° Db¿∂ KpWta∑bp≈

Du¿÷e`yX Dd∏mt°≠Xp≠v.

F©n\obdnwKv tImtfPpIfpsSbpw

t]mfnsSIv\n°pIfpsSbpw kwÿm

\sØ a‰v kmt¶XnI hnZym ÿm]\

ßfpsSbpw klmbtØmsS ta¬

∏d™ sNdpInS CSØcw kwcw`

ßfpsS bYm¿∞ Du¿÷ {]iv\

߃°v {]mtbmKnI ]cnlmc߃

hnIkn∏ns®Sp°p∂Xn\pw kºq¿W

Du¿÷ kpc£manj≥ {i≤]Xn

∏n°Ww. Chbv°p]pdta Du¿÷

Øns‚ D]tbm‡rXe ]cn]me\w,

Du¿÷kwc£Ww, \ho\hpw \ho

IcWobhpamb Du¿÷t{kmX p

IfpsS hnIk\w XpSßnbhbv°pw

{]m[m\yw \¬Im\mIWw. As\¿´v,

C.Fw.kn. , kwÿm\ sshZypXn

t_m¿Uv XpSßn Du¿÷hIp∏n\p

Iognep≈ hnhn[ ÿm]\ßtfmsSm∏w

kwÿm\sØ hnhn[ Xt±i`cW

ÿm]\߃IqSn kºq¿Æ Du¿÷

kpc£manjs‚ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬

$ \qdpiXam\w

`h\sshZypXoIcWhpw

Hmtcm IpSpw_Øn\pw

{]XnZn\w Ipd™Xv

Hcp bqWn‰v

sshZypXnbpw

$ F√m IpSpw_Øn\pw

{]Xnamkw Btfmlcn

c≠p Intem{Kmw

F¬.]n.Pn.bv°p

Xpeyamb

]mNIC‘\w

$ {KmaXeØn¬

{]h¿Øn°p∂

sNdpInSbpw

CSØchpamb hnhn[

kwcw`߃°v

Bh-iy-Øn\v

Du¿÷w

4

]©m-bØv cmPv

{][m\ ]¶mfnIfmsW∂p ImWp

∂Xv AXoh kt¥mjIcamWv.

Du¿÷ taJebn¬ CØcsamcp

hn]peamb ASnÿm\Xe ]¶m

fnØ {]h¿Ø\ cq]oIcWw Xs∂

CXmZyamsW∂v F\n°pd∏p≠v.

hfsc ka{Kamb Hcp k¶ev]\

tcJbmWv Cu ]cn]mSn°mbn

Xømdm°nbn´p≈sX∂v ImWm

\mbn. Du¿÷˛sshZypXn taJe

Ifnse hn]peamb CSs]S¬

{]h¿Ø\ßfmWv hn`mh\w sNø

s∏´n´p≈Xv. AXn¬ h\h¬

°cWw, Du¿÷ HmUn‰nwK v ,

k¿tΔIfpw ]T\ßfpw, Du¿÷

kwc£Ww, \ho\hpw \hoIcWo

bhpamb t{kmXkpIfn¬ \n∂p

ap≈ Du¿t÷m¬∏mZ\w XpSßn

bhsbms° Dƒs∏Sp∂p. Cu {]h¿

Ø\ßfpsSsbms° hnPbIcamb

\n¿hlWØn\v, tijnh¿[\hpw

hnhc˛hnZym`ymk˛kwthZ\hpw

Dƒs∏sSbp≈ {ia߃ Bhiy

amW v . AS nÿm\XeØn¬,

Du¿÷˛]cnÿnXntk\sb∂

{]h¿ØI irwJebv°p cq]w

\¬Ip∂Xn\p≈ hy‡amb

kao]\w anj≥ cq]oIcn®n

´ps≠∂p ImWp∂p. Pn√mkwÿm

\Xeßfn¬ {]h¿Ø\ GtIm]

\Øn\mbn kanXnIfpw D≠mIp

sa∂p a\ nemIp∂p.

Cu kwhn[m\ßfneqsS Xøm

dm°s∏Sp∂ {]mtZinIXe {]h¿

Ø\]cn]mSnIƒ AYhm kºq¿Æ

Du¿÷˛]cnÿnXn kpc£m

]≤XnIfmbncn°pw Cu anjs‚

hnPbØn\v ASnÿm\w. GXm≠v

250 Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfm

bncn°pw Hmtcm h¿jhpw anj≥

{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ D≠mIpI

F∂mWv k¶ev]\sa∂v Rm≥

a\ nem°p∂p. CXv Aev]w

Db¿∂ e£yambmWv tXm∂p∂Xv.

F¶nepw \√ coXnbn¬ Hcp°s∏´

]›mØehpw CtXhscbp≈

{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ssh]peyhpw

sh®pt\m°ptºmƒ Cu e£yw

ssIhcn°pI km≤yamsW∂p

Xs∂ Rm≥ IcpXp∂p.

cmPyØn\IØp\n∂pw ]pdØp

\n∂pw Gsd A\ptamZ\߃

G‰phmßnb hntI{μoIrXm

kq{XW ]cn]mSn°v as‰mcp anIhp‰

t\´w Xs∂bmbncn°pw CXv.

$

efn-X-amb Nne Imcy-߃ {i≤n-®m¬ ]mNI C‘\w 30 iX-am-\-tØmfw em`n-°m≥ Ign-bpw

]mNI C‘\w em`n-°m≥

$ ]mN-I-Øn\p th≠-sX√mw Hcp°n sh®n´v am{Xta ASp∏v IØn-°m-hq.

$ Bh-iy-Øn\v am{Xw sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ C‘-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bpw. Bh-iy-Øns‚ Cc´n

sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn®v Acn thhn-®m¬ 65% C‘\w IqSp-X¬ sNe-hm-Ipw.

$ [m\y-ßfpw ]b-dp-h¿§-ßfpw ]mN-I-Øn\v GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°v ap≥]v IpXn¿Øv

sh®m¬ C‘-\-s®-ehv 25-˛30 iX-am-\-tØmfw Ipd-°mw.

$ ]m{Xw aqSn sIm≠v AS®v ]mNIw sNbvXm¬ Xm]-\jvSw KWy-ambn Ipd-°mw. ka-bhpw

em`n-°mw.

Du¿÷ kwc-£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬

5

]©m-bØv cmPv

]Xns\m∂mw ]©h’c

]≤Xnbn¬ tIcf k¿°m¿ Gs‰SpØn

´p≈ hfsc \qX\amb Hcp ap≥\nc

t{]mPIvSmWv kºq¿Æ Du¿÷

kpc£m anj≥. Xt±i kzbw`cW

hIp∏ns‚bpw Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]

\ßfpsSbpw kPohamb t\XrXzØn

emWv Cu anjs‚ Bib߃ DSse

SpØXpw apt∂m´p t]mIp∂Xpw. CXn¬

F\n°v Gsd kt¥mjhpw, kwXr]vXn

bpap≠v.

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ F∂

\nebv°v Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]

\߃°v XßfpsS {]h¿Ø\߃

hnhn[ hIp∏pIfpw ÿm]\ßfpambn

^e{]Zambn GtIm]n∏n°m\pw a‰v

GP≥knIfn¬ \n∂v sshZKv≤yw

Is≠Øn P\ßfpsS {]iv\߃°v

]cnlmcw ImWm\pw IgnbWw. Cu

Znibn¬ hnhn[ taJeIfn¬ Gs‰Sp

°p∂ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS BZy

]SnbmWv Du¿÷ taJebnse

GtIm]\ {ia߃. As\¿´v, C Fw

kn, sI. Fkv.C._n, F©n\obdnwKv

tImtfPpIƒ, t]mfosSIv\n°pIƒ,

bqWnthgvkn‰n Un∏m¿´vsa‚pIƒ,

tZiob XeØnep≈ Du¿÷ Kthj

Wÿm]\߃ F∂nhcmbncn°pw Cu

taJebn¬ Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\

ßfpambn tbmPn®p {]h¿Øn°pI.

{]mtZinI XeØn¬ cq]w \¬Ip∂

Du¿÷ ˛ ]cnÿnXn tk\Ifmbn

Bh-iy-Øn\v Du¿÷wF√m-h¿°pw F√m-\mfpw

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ D¬LmS\ NSßnt\mS\p_‘n®vXt±i kzbw`cW hIp∏v a{¥n ]mtemfn aplΩZvIp´n \SØnb

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9

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11

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t\m°p-I. 243 Pn. bnse ]Xn-s\m∂mw

]´n-I-{]-Imcw ]mc-º-tcy-Xc Du¿÷

t{kmX- p-I-fpsS hnI-k\w, {KmaoW

sshZyp-Xo-I-c-Whpw sshZypXn hnX-c-

Whpw, C‘-\hpw Imen-Øo‰bpw F∂o

hnj-b-ßfpw ]{¥≠mw ]´n-I-{]-Imcw

Jc-am-en\y ]cn-]m-e-\hpw ]cn-ÿnXn

kwc-£-Whpw sXcp-hp-hn-f-°p-I-fpsS

]cn-]m-e-\hpw {]tZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-

fpsS Npa -X -e -bmbn. \Kc]menI

k¿°mcpIfpsS ImcyØn¬ Du¿÷

taJebnse CSs]SepIƒ \Kc Zmcn{Zy

\n¿Ωm¿÷\ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsSbpw

\Kc ]cnÿnXn kwc£W {]h¿Ø\

ßfpsSbpw {][m\ LSIamWv. \Kch

\hXv°cW {]h¿Ø\ßfpambpw

Jc˛{ZmhI amen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷\

{]h¿Ø\ßfpambpw Du¿÷taJem

CSs]SepIƒ _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.

ap≥]d™ `cWLS\m t`ZKXn

bpsS NphSp]nSn®v 1994 se tIcf ap\n

kn∏men‰n BIvSnepw tIcf ]©mb

ØocmPv BIvSnepw ]mcºtcyXc

Du¿÷w, {KmaoW sshZypXoIcWw,

Du¿÷ kwc£Ww F∂nhbpambn

_‘s∏´ NpaXeIƒ hnhn[Xe

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIsf G¬∏n°p

∂Xn\p≈ \n_‘\Iƒ Dƒs∏SpØn

bn´p≠v.

]mNI C‘\Øn\pw shfn®

Øn\pw sshZyptXmXv]mZ\Øn\pambp

≈ _tbmKymkv DXv]mZ\w, sXcphp

hnf°pIƒ, h\hXv°cWw F∂nh

bmWv {Kma]©mbØpIƒ°v ssI

amdnbn´p≈ {][m\ NpaXeIƒ.

tªm°p ]©mbØpIƒ°v \¬Inbn

´p≈ NpaXe {Kma˛Pn√m ]©mbØp

IfptSXn\v A\p]qcIamWv. ]mcº

tcyXc Du¿÷ D]IcWßfmb

Im‰mSn ]ºpIƒ kutcm¿÷]ºpIƒ,

tkmfm¿ Ãn√pIƒ, Ip°dpIƒ,

{UbdpIƒ, tkmfm¿ hm´¿ lo‰dpIƒ,

kuc dm¥epIƒ, kuc thenIƒ,

kuc sshZyptXmXv]mZ\ kwhn[m

\߃ XpSßnbhbpsS {]NcWw,

_ƒ_pIƒ°p ]Icw kn.F^v.F¬.

Iƒ \¬I¬, Du¿÷ ]T\w \Sج

XpSßnbhbmWv tªm°p ]©mbØp

IfpsS NpaXe. {][m\ambpw Du¿÷

DXv]mZ\hpw hnXcWhpamWv Pn√m

]©mbØpIfpsS NpaXe. CXn¬

sNdpInS Pei‡n hnIk\amWv

FSpØp ]d™n´p≈sX¶nepw Im‰pw

ssPh{Zhyhpw IqSn CXn¬ Dƒs∏

SpØmhp∂XmWv. ap\nkn∏men‰nIfpsS

NpaXeIfpw ap\nkn∏¬ BIvSp

{]Imcw hy‡amWv. AXn¬ _tbm

Kymkv kwhn[m\ßfpw a‰p hnhn[

]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ D]IcWßfpsS

{]NcWhpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. ap\nkn∏¬

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Pn√m I¨sh≥j≥, ]me-°mSv Pn√

`cWLS\bn¬hn`mh\ sNbvXn´p≈Xnt\°mfpw, ka{KambNpaXemssIam‰amWvCu taJebn¬tIcfØn¬ \S∏mbn´p≈Xv. F¶nepw Zcn{ZP\hn`mK߃°v,ipNnbmbXpwkuIcy{]ZhpambPohXv{][m\ Du¿÷e`yX Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p≈ ka{Kkao]\w AhcpsS\ne\nev]ns‚kp{][m\LSIwXs∂bmsW∂XvDƒs°m≠psIm≠vCu {]iv\Øn\v{KmahnIk\Øn¬{]apJ ÿm\w\¬Im≥tIcfØn\mbn´n√.

12

]©m-bØv cmPv

Jcamen\y ]cn]me\Øns‚ `mKambpw Du¿÷

taJem CSs]S¬ _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.

`cWLS\bn¬ hn`mh\ sNbvXn´p≈Xnt\°mfpw,

a‰p ]e kwÿm\ßfnepw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°p

ssIamdnbn´p≈Xnt\°mfpsams° ka{Kamb

NpaXemssIam‰amWv Cu taJebn¬ tIcfØn¬

\S∏mbn´p≈Xv. F¶nepw Zcn{ZP\hn`mK߃°v,

]q¿Æ sNehv Xmßm\mhns√¶nepw, ipNnbmbXpw

kuIcy{]Zhpamb PohXv{][m\ Du¿÷e`yX

Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p≈ ka{K kao]\w AhcpsS

\ne\nev]ns‚ kp{][m\LSIwXs∂bmsW∂Xv

Dƒs°m≠psIm≠v Cu {]iv\Øn\v {KmahnIk\

Øn¬ {]apJ ÿm\w \¬Im≥ tIcfØn\mbn´n√.

taev]d™ A[nImc ssIam‰ßƒ°\pkrXambn

]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ ˛ {KmaoW sshZypXoIcW

taJeIfn¬ HºXpw ]Øpw ]≤Xn°meØv

{]mtZinI `cWIqS߃ Ht´sd ]cn]mSnIƒ

Bkq{XWw sNbvXncp∂p. X߃°p e`n®n´p≈

NpaXeIfnse√mw C{]Imcw {]mtZinI cWIqS߃

]≤XnIƒ Gs‰SpØp. {]mtZinI kaqlßfpambp≈

N¿®IfneqsS Xncn®dn™ bYm¿∞ P\Iob

BhiyßfpsS ASnÿm\Ønembncp∂p Cu

]≤XnIfpsS ap≥KW\Iƒ \n›bn°s∏´Xv.

{]mtZinI BhiyßtfmS v Dujvafambn

{]XnIcn®psIm≠v HºXpw ]Øpw ]≤Xn°meØv

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ Du¿÷taJe°mbn

KWyamb XpI \o°nhbv°pIbpw sNbvXp. Cßs\

Du¿÷taJem ]≤XnIƒ°mbn HºXpw ]Øpw

]≤Xn°meØv {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ bYm{Iaw

120.96 tImSn cq]bpw 90.73 tImSn cq]bpamWv

\o°nh®Xv . ]Ømw ]≤Xnbn¬ Du¿÷taJ

e°mbp≈ \o°nbncn∏n¬ KWyamb Ipdhph∂Xv

{it≤bamWv. BsI hn`he`yX Db¿∂t∏mgpw Cu

taJebnse \o°nbncn∏v 2.12% ¬ \n∂v 1.36% Bbn

IpdbpIbmWp≠mbXv. HºXmw ]≤XnbpsS H∂mw

h¿jw apX¬ 5˛mw h¿jw hsc Du¿÷taJem

\o°nbncn∏nep≠mb hyXnbm\w 2.12, 2.62%, 3.21%, 2.77%,

2.27% F∂nßs\bpw ]Ømw ]≤XnbneXv 2.74%, 1.29%,

0.87%, 1.05%, 0.93% F∂nßs\bpamWv.

Du¿÷ taJe°mbp≈ ]≤Xn \o°nbncn∏v

Ipd™p hcp∂Xv IW°pIfn¬ hy‡amWv.

Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃ hgnbmbn Gs‰Sp°s∏Sp∂

Du¿÷taJem t{]mPIvSpIfn¬ Hmtcm GP≥knbpw

\n¿Δln°psa∂p Bkq{XW t_m¿Uv hn`mh\w

sNbvXncp∂ NpaXeIfpw {it≤bamWv. ]≤XnbpsS

DSaÿX Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃°mWv. {]mYanI

]T\߃, Bkq{XWw, KpWt`m‡r sXcs™Sp∏v,

]≤Xn \SØn∏n\p≈ ÿew sXcs™Sp°¬,

hn`hkamlcWw XpSßnbhbpw {]mtZinI

k¿°mcpIfpsS NpaXebmWv. hnhn[Xe {]mtZinI

k¿°mcpIfpsS NpaXeIƒ \n›bn®n´p≈Xv ssIam-

d-s∏´ A[nImc hnXcWØn\v A\pkrXambmWv.

As\¿´v, EMC, KSEB F∂nhbpsS NpaXeIƒ

{][m\ambpw kmt¶XnI ]T\ßfpw km≤yXm

hnebncpØepw ]≤Xn cq]Iev]\, \SØn∏v, {]{Inbm

kwtbmP\w, \n¿ΔlWw, \n¿ΔlW tijap≈

klmbw XpSßnbhbpambn _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.

Cu {]h¿Ø\Xe ]ckv]c _‘߃ hnhn[

Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ ]≤XnIfn¬ F{XI≠p

{]mh¿ØnIamsb∂v ]cntim[n°p∂Xv IuXpIIc

ambncn°pw. Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS hn`h߃

hnhn[ ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ ]≤XnIfnepw {KmaoW

sshZypXoIcW taJebnepw Fßs\ hnXcWw

sNøs∏´ncn°p∂psh∂v t\m°p-I.

HºXmw ]≤Xn°meØv G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hn`hw

\o°nhbv°s∏´Xv kucsshZypXoIcWØn\mWv

(65%), ]ns∂ ]ht\m¿÷ ]≤XnIƒ°pw (15%)

kqcyXmt]m¿÷ ]≤XnIƒ°pw (7%) ssPthm¿÷

]≤XnIƒ°pw (7%), tImf\n sshZypXoIcWØn\pw

(3%) F∂nßs\bmWv ]≤Xn hnlnXw hnXcWw

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Pn√mXe ]cn-io-e\w

13

]©m-bØv cmPv

sNøs∏´Xv . F∂m¬ ]Ømw

]≤XnImeØv sXcphphnf°pIƒ

ÿm]n°p∂Xn\mWv (57%) G‰hp

a[nIw hn`hw \o°nhbv°s∏´Xv.

tImf\n sshZypXoIcWw (27%), `h\

sshZypXoIcWw (8%), hnXcW \jvSw

Ipdbv°epw thmƒt´Pv sa®s∏Sp

Øepw (4%), kucsshZypXoIcWw

(2%) F∂mWv ]Ømw ]≤Xnbnse a‰p

]≤XnIƒ°p≈ \o°nbncn∏p {Iaw.

]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ hnIk\Øn¬

\n∂pw {KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØn

te°p≈ e£yam‰w ]Ømw ]≤Xn

bn¬ hy‡amWv. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷m

kq{XWØn\pw sNdpInS sshZypXn

hnIk\Øn\pap≈ Nne ]≤XnIƒ

e£yan´ncp∂psh¶nepw AhbpsS

\n¿ΔlWw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpw

kwÿm\Xe GP≥knIfpw XΩn

ep≈ {]h¿Ø\ GtIm]\Ønse

A]cym]vXXIfm¬ ]mfnt∏mbXmbn

ImWmw. (tIcf kwÿm\ Bkq{XW

t_m¿Uv (2002).

]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ D]IcW

ßfpsS {]NcWØn¬ Zriyamb

]nt∂m´Sn, {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpw

_‘s∏´ k¿°m¿ GP≥knbpw

XΩn¬ icnbmb _‘w \ne\n¿Øm

\mIm™Xns‚ hy‡amb kqN\

bmWv. e£yan´ hnhn[ NpaXeIƒ

{]mtbmKnIXeØn¬ \n¿Δln°

s∏´n√ F∂p hy‡w. {]mtZinI k¿

°mcpw kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ GP≥kn

Ifpw XΩnep≈ ^e{]Zamb {]h¿

Ø\ GtIm]\Øn\mbn hy‡amb

]cn]mSn Xømdm°p∂Xn\v Cu GP≥

knIfpsS Ignhpw IgnhptISpIfpw IqSn

hnebncptØ≠Xp≠v.

{KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØnepw

]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ hnIk\Ønepw

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v e£yw

ssIhcn°m≥ XS ambh Fs¥ms°

F∂p hniIe\w sNøp∂XneqsS

Xmsg ]dbp∂ Imcy߃ a\kn

emIp∂p.

1. {KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØntem

]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ hnIk\Øntem

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsSbpw kwÿm

\Xe t\mU¬ GP≥knIfpsSbpw

{]h¿Ø\߃°v th≠{X GtIm]\

ap≠mbncp∂n√.

2. hntI{μoIcWhpw P\]¶mfn

Øhpw hgnbmbn ]mcºtcyXc Du¿

÷hnIk\ cwKØpw {KmaoW sshZyp

XoIcW taJebnepw ssIh∂

hn]peamb km≤yXIƒ°\pkcn®v

XßfpsS {]h¿Ø\ssien ]p\x{Iao

Icn°m≥ kwÿm\Xe GP≥kn

Iƒ°p Ign™n√.

3. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS

klmbtØmsS, ÿm]n°s∏´ hnhn[

Du¿÷ D]m[nIƒ°mhiyamb kmt¶

XnI klmbkwhn[m\w e`yam°m\m

bn√. sXcphphnf°pIfpsS ImcyØn¬

]©mbØpIƒ kz¥amb {IaoIcW

ßfp≠m°nsb¶nepw a‰p taJeIfn¬

Hcp klmb kwhn[m\hpw DcpØncn

™ph∂n√.

kwÿm\Øp≈ tI{μoIrX Du¿

÷t{kmX pIƒ D]tbmKs∏SpØp

∂Xn\v kwÿm\Xe {]h¿Ø\

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Pn√mXe ]cn-io-e-\-Ønse{Kq∏pN¿®, ]me-°mSv Pn√

tIcfØnse A£bDu¿÷hnIk\˛{KmaoWsshZypXoIcWtaJeIƒ°p ]pXpPoh≥ ]Icp∂Xn\p≈{iasa∂ \nebv°mWv{]mtZinIk¿°mcpIfpsSbpwAs\¿´ns‚bpwC.Fw.knbpsSbpw]¶mfnØtØmsSHcp kºq¿Æ Du¿÷kpc£m anj≥]cn]mSn°v XpS°wIpdn°pI F∂\n¿t±iap≠mbXv.

14

]©m-bØv cmPv

]cn]mSn sshZypXn t_m¿Un\v

Ds≠¶nepw a‰v GP≥knIƒs°m

∂n\pw ka{Kamb kwÿm\Xe

{]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSn \S∏m°m\m

bn√. {]mtZinIXeØn¬ G‰hpw

^e{]Zambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\v

klmbIamIp∂ XcØn¬ tZio

b˛A¥¿tZiob ssh⁄m\nI

ÿm]\ßfpamtbm hnZK v≤

cpamtbm _‘w hf¿Øp∂Xn\pw

Cu ÿm]\߃°mbn√. sNdp

InS PesshZypX ]≤Xn hnIk\

Øn\mbp≈ UNIDO doPnbW¬

sk‚¿ ÿm]n®Xp am{XamWv

CXn\v A]hmZw. F∂m¬ B

kmlNcyØnepw hntI{μoIcW

ØneqsS Xpd∂pIn´nb km≤yX

Iƒ sNdpInS PesshZypXn

hnIk\Øn\v ]q¿Æambn D]

tbmKn°m\p≈ kwÿm\Xe

]cn]mSnbnSm\mbn√. irwJem

_‘nXa√mØ sshZyptXmXv

]mZ\hpw hnXcWhpw \SØp∂

Xn\pw kzX{¥ hnXcWhpw hoen

ßpw \SØp∂Xn\p≈ kuIcyw

\¬Ip∂Xn\pw sshZypXn \nba

Øn¬ (2003 \p ap≥]v) D≠mbncp∂

]cnanXnIfpw {]iv\ambncp∂p.

Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw {]mtZin

Iambn \S∏m°mhp∂ hnhn[

amXrIIƒ P\Iobmkq{XW

{]ÿm\w apt∂m´p hbv°pIbp

≠mbn.

1. Icnº ]©mbØv Gs‰SpØ

P\]¶mfnØtØmsSbp≈ sNdp

InS PesshZypX ]≤Xn.

2. Du¿÷ k¿tΔbpw ]h¿sse

≥ am∏nßpw ASnÿm\am°n

Ieymt»cn ]©mbØv Gs‰SpØ

P\]¶mfnØtØmsSbp≈ kºq¿

Æ Du¿÷mkq{XWw F∂nh AXn-

\v DZm-l-c-Wßfm-Wv.

F¶nepw {]mtZinI k¿°mcp

Iƒ°v Cu hI {]h¿Ø\߃

\SØp∂Xn\v ÿm]\m[njvTnX

]n¥pW Bhiyambncp∂p. AXv

e`yam°p∂Xn\v kwÿm\Xe

GP≥knIƒ°v Ign™Xpan√.

Du¿÷ e`yX Hcp ASnÿm\m

hiyambncp∂n´pt]mepw tIcfØn

se kmlNcyßfn¬ AsXmcp

PohXv{][m\ LSIambn ]cnKWn

°s∏´n´n√. {]mtZinI hnIk\w

Dd∏m°p∂Xn\v Du¿÷ e`yX

Db¿ØpIsb∂Xv Hcp {][m\

LSIamsW∂tXm, Du¿÷ e`yX

bpw ip≤Pew, BtcmKyw, sNdpInS

hyhkmbw XpSßnb taJeIfpw

XΩnep≈ _‘tam H∂pw icnbm

bn Dƒs°m≈s∏´n´pan√. £Ww,

hkv{Xw, ]m¿∏nSw XpSßnb ASn

ÿm\mhiy߃ \¬Ip∂Xn\p≈

Bkq{XWtØ°mƒ A[nIw

Db¿∂ sshZKv≤yw Du¿÷m

kq{XWØn\v BhiyamWv .

F∂m¬ ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷m

kq{XWØn\mhiyamb F©n

\obdnwKv sshZKv≤yw {]mtZinI

k¿°mcpIƒ°p e`yam°m\m

bXpan√. {KmaoW sshZypXoI

cWØn\pw ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷

hnIk\Øn\pw i‡amb Hcp

tZiob ]cn]mSn DcpØncn™p

h∂Xv 2004˛¬ cmPohvKm‘n ssh

$ vfm‰v tπ‰v If-IvS¿ tkmfm¿ hm´¿ lo‰¿

$ 100 en‰¿ lo‰-dn¬ Hcp h¿jw 1500 bqWn‰v

sshZypXn em`n-°mw.

A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ

tkmfm¿ hm´¿ lo‰¿

$ sh≈w 800C hsc NqSmIpw

$ {]h¿Ø\ XXzw ˛ ªm°v t_mUn tdUn-tb-

j≥, {Ko≥ lukv C -IvSv, sX¿tam-ssk- ¨

15

]©m-bØv cmPv

ZypXoIc¨ tbmP\ Bcw`n®

tXmsS am{XamWv. sa®s∏´ hndISp

∏pIƒ°mbp≈ tZiob ]cn]mSn

bpw tZiob ssPhhmXI ]cn]mSn

bpw, ]Ømw ]≤Xn°meØv, Ah

bpsS \SØn∏p NpaXebp≠mbn

cp∂ kwÿm\Xe GP≥knbmb

As\¿´ns‚ cW]camb ]cnanXn

Ifn¬ s]´v t]mhpIbpw ]©mb

Øp Xe ]cn]mSnIfnte°v FØm

Xncn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

Pn√mXe Du¿÷ ]cn]mSn

cq]oIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ ÿm]\m[n

jvTnX kwhn[m\hpw ]©mbØp

Iƒ Cu taJebn¬ Gs‰Sp°p∂

{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS GtIm]\hpw

Pn√m Bkq{XW kanXnsb klm

bn°p∂Xn\p≈ Hcp hnZK v≤

kanXn kwhn[m\w Bhiyam°n.

Pn√mXe Hm^okv kwhn[m\ap≈

GI GP≥kn As\¿´mWv ˛

F∂meXv, apºv Hmtcm Pn√bnepw

D≠mbncp∂ c≠p tªm°pXe

Hm^okn¬ H∂p am{Xw \ne\n¿Øn

Pn√mXe Hm^okmbn \maIcWw

sNbvsXSpØ kwhn[m\amWv.

AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Ahbv°v Pn√m

`cW kwhn[m\hpambn tN¿∂p

{]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\v ap≥]cnNbsam

∂pw D≠mbncp∂n√. CXv ]≤XnI

fpsS Xnc›o\Xe kwtbmP\

km≤yX XS™p. Cu Hm^okpI

fnse Poh\°mcpsS HutZymKnI

\nebpw {]h¿Ø\ \nehmchpw

taepIogv {]h¿Ø\ kwtbmP\

hpw Ffp∏a√mXm°n. 2004 ¬ tI{μ

]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ a{¥mebw

A£b Du¿÷ hnIk\Øn¬

Pn√m `cWIqSsØ D]tZin°m≥

Pn√mXe D]tZiI kanXn (DAC)

Iƒ cq]oIcn®p. F∂m¬ Cu kan

XnIƒ e{]Zambn {]h¿Øn°pI

tbm Pn√bnse A£b Du¿÷

hnIk\ ]cn]mSnIfpsS t]mcmbva

Iƒ ]cnlcn°p∂Xn¬ CSs]Sm\m

Ip∂ hnZKv≤ kwLambn hfcpI

tbm sNbvXn√. Cu D]tZiI

kanXnbpsS {]h¿Ø\w Pn√m

Bkq{XW kanXnbpamtbm Pn√bn

se kmt¶XnI hnZym`ymk ÿm]

\ßfpamtbm GtIm]n∏n°p

∂Xn\pw {ian°pIbp≠mbn√.

Pn√bn¬ \S∂phcp∂ Du¿÷

taJem ]≤XnIfpambn t]mepw

Cu kanXn°v AXnZp¿∫eamb

_‘tabp≈q.

2002˛¬ tIcfØns‚ A£b

Du¿÷ \bw {]Jym]n°s∏

s´¶nepw AXn¬ \n∂pw {]NmcW

XeØntem \nba\n¿ΩmW Xe

Øntem \S]SnIsfm∂pw D≠mbn

√. _‘s∏´ Hcp taJebnepw

ka{K ]cn]mSnIƒ BhnjvIcn

°m\pw {iaw \S∂n√. Cu cwKØp

{]h¿Øn°p∂ hnhn[ GP≥kn

Iƒ XΩn¬ {]h¿Ø\ GtIm]\

hpw HsØmcpan®p≈ {]h¿Ø\

ßfpw D≠mbn√. hnhn[ Du¿÷

kwc£W D]m[nIƒ \nba]cam

bn \n¿_‘nXam°Wsa∂v

A£b Du¿÷ \bw \n¿t±in°p

∂p.

\btcJ apt∂m´ph®n´p≈ Nne

\n¿t±i߃ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbm

Wv.

1 . ^vfqdsk‚ v Syq_pIfpw

tImw]mIvSv ^vfqdsk‚ v emºpI

fpw (CFL) ]pXnb Bip]{XnIfnepw

tlm´epIfnepw k¿°m¿ Hm^okp

Ifnepw s]mXptaJem kvYm]\

ßfnepsa√mw \n¿_‘nXam

°Ww. \nehnep≈ Bip]{XnI

fnepw tlm´epIfnepw k¿°m¿

Hm^okpIfnepw s]mXptaJem

ÿm]\ßfnepw Ct∏mgp≈ F√m

C≥Im≥Uk‚ v _ƒ_pIfpw Cu

\bw \S∏m°ptºmƒ apX¬ c≠p

h¿jØn\Iw ^vfqdsk‚ v Syq_p

Itfm CFL-Itfm Bbn am‰Ww.

Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfp

ambpw a‰p k¿°m¿ ÿm]\ßfp

ambpw tN¿∂v CXv \S∏m°p∂p

sh∂v As\¿´v Dd∏m°Ww.

2. ]Øp apdnIfne[nIap≈

F√m tlm´epIfnepw temUvPpIfn

epw Ccp]Xv InS°bne[nIap≈

F√m Bip]{XnIfnepw tkmfm¿

16

]©m-bØv cmPv

hm´¿ lo‰¿ \n¿_‘nXam°Ww.

3. F√m tlm´epIfnepw tlmÃ

epIfnepw D®`£W ]≤Xnbp≈

kvIqfpIfnepw hndIv C‘\ambn

D]tbmKn°p∂ F√m hyhkmb

ßfnepw Du¿÷£aX Gdnb

D]m[nIfmb sa®s∏´ (kmaqlnI)

hndISp∏pIfpw Kymkn^bdpIfpw

\n¿_‘am°Ww.

4. 2000 KVA bne[nIw IWIvSUv

temUp≈ h≥InS hyhkmb߃

AhcpsS BhiyØns‚ A©piX

am\sa¶nepw A£b Du¿÷

t{kmX pIsf ASnÿm\am°n

bp≈ Iym]v‰ohv ]h¿ πm‚pIfn¬

\n∂v DXv]mZn∏n°Ww. F∂m¬

Chsbm∂pw \S∏nem°m≥ Hcp

{iahpap≠mbn√.

Cu kmlNcyßfn¬ tIcfØn

se A£b Du¿÷ hnIk\˛

{KmaoW sshZypXoIcW taJeI

ƒ°p ]pXpPoh≥ ]Icp∂Xn\p≈

{iasa∂ \nebv°mWv {]mtZinI

k¿°mcpIfpsSbpw As\¿´ns‚

bpw C.Fw.knbpsSbpw ]¶mfnØ

tØmsS Hcp kºq¿Æ Du¿÷

kpc£manj≥ ]cn]mSn°v XpS°w

Ipdn°pI F∂ \n¿t±iap≠mbXv.

2007 P\p-hcn 15\v ]´nIPmXn ˛

]´nIh¿§ ]nt∂m° hn`mK t£a

hIp∏p a{¥n F.sI. _mes‚

A≤y£Xbn¬ tN¿∂ D∂XXe

tbmKØnemWv kºq¿Æ Du¿÷

kpc£m anjs‚ Bibw DcpØncn

bp∂Xv. A∂v FSpØ Xocpam\Øn

s‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ sshZypXn

hIp∏v 2007 am¿®v 26˛mw XobXn

bnse k.D (km[mcWw) 69/2007/

Du¿÷ hIp∏v DØch\pkcn®v

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj\v

cq]w \¬In.

anj≥ cq]oIcWØn\v apºp

Xs∂ 2007 s^{_p -hcn 14 \v

sshZypXn hIp∏v a{¥nbpsS

t\XrXzØnep≈ Hcp D∂XXe

kwLw tI{μ k¿°mcns‚

\ho\˛\hoIcWob Du¿÷

a{¥mebØnseØn tI{μa{¥n

hnemkv apt´whmdpambn N¿®

\SØnbncp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v Bkq{XW t_m¿UwK

amb ]n. hn . DÆnIrjvW≥,

sshZypXn hIp∏v {]n≥kn∏¬

sk{I´dn sI. sI. hnPbIpam¿

F∂nhcpsS t\XrXzØn¬ Hcp

kwLw 2007 s^{_p-hcn 15 \v tI{μ

\ho\˛ \hoIcWob Du¿÷

a{¥mebhp ambn DtZymKÿXe

N¿® \SØn. CXn\v apºv tI{μ

\ho\˛\hoIcWob Du¿÷

hIp∏p sk{I´dn Xncph\¥]pcØv

FØnbt∏mƒ, (2006 Unkw-_¿ 12)

anj≥ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS km[yX

Isf kw_‘n®v {]mYanIXe

BtemN\Iƒ \SØnbncp∂p.

]n.hn. DÆnIrjvW≥, Fkv.Fw.hnP

bm\μv (X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W-h-Ip∏v

{]n≥kn-∏¬ sk{I-´-dn) F∂nh¿

]©mbØncmPv a{¥mebhpambpw

anj≥ {]h¿Ø\߃°v tI{μ

klmbw e`n°m\p≈ km≤yX

Isf°pdn®v (2007 s^{_p-hcn 7 \v)

N¿® \SØpI-bp -≠m-bn. CXp

IqSmsX ]n. hn. DÆnIrjvW≥,

sshZypXn hIp∏v {]n≥kn∏¬

sk{I´dn , Xt±ikzbw `cW

$ {]Xn-Zn\w Hcp NXp-c-{i-ao-‰-dn\v 1kWkutcm-¿÷w e`n-°p-∂p.

$ temIØv Hcp h¿jw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

BsI Du¿÷-Øns‚ 100 Cc´n kutcm-

¿÷w {]Xn-Zn\w `qan-bn¬ (2.9 x 1015 kW]Xn-°p∂p.

$ tIc-f-Øn¬ (2.9 x 107 MW) sshZyptXm-

¿÷Øn\v Xpey-amb kutcm¿÷w Hcp

h¿jw e`n-°p-∂p.

A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ

kutcm¿÷w

17

]©m-bØv cmPv

hIp∏v {]n≥kn∏¬ sk{I´dn

F∂nh¿ tN¿∂v Zn F\¿Pn dntk

¿®v C≥Ãn‰yq´ v F∂ Du¿÷

taJebnse G‰hpw {]apJ tZiob

C≥Ãn‰yq´n¬ FØn C≥Ãn‰yq´v

UbdIvS¿ tUm.cmtP{μ sI.

]®ucnbpambn anj≥ {]h¿Ø\

ßsf°pdn®v Bib hn\nabw

\SØn. CXn\p apºv ]n. hn.

DÆnIrjvW≥ tUm.]®ucnsb

kμ¿in®ncp∂p kμ¿`Øn¬ tUm.

hn hn F≥ Intjm¿, kp\n¬ Un{¶,

tUm.eo\m {iohmkvXh, amen\n

_meIrjvW≥, sI.cma\mY≥,

ent\mPv Ipam¿ XpSßnb imkv{X

⁄≥amcpambpw hniZmwi N¿®

Iƒ \SØnbncp∂p.

XpS¿∂v Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm

]\ßfnse sXcs™SpØ P\{]

Xn\n[n t\Xm°fpambn 11˛mw

]©h’c ]≤Xn°meØv Du¿

÷ taJebn¬ \StØ≠ CSs]S

epIsf kw_‘n®v hniZamb

N¿®Iƒ°mbn Hcp GIZn\

in¬]ime 2007 s^{_p-hcn 27 \v

\SØpIbp≠mbn. Cu in¬]im

ebn¬ 10 Pn√m ]©mbØp

{]knU‚pamcpw, tªm°v ]©mb

Øv Atkmkntbj≥ t\Xm°fpw,

{Kma]©mbØv Atkmkntbj≥

t\Xm°fpw, 5 tIm¿∏tdj≥

tab¿amcpw kPohambn ]s¶Sp

Øp.

CXp IqSmsX As\¿´v. C.Fw.

kn. F∂o GP≥knIfnse Poh\

°mcpsS Hcp kwbp‡ tbmKw 2007

s^{_p-hcn 12 \v tN¿∂ncp∂p. Cu

tbmKØn¬h®v anj≥ {]h¿Ø\

߃ As\¿´pw, C.Fw.knbpambn

GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ {ia߃

\SØn. tbmKØn¬ \mev]tXmfw

Poh\°m¿ ]s¶SpØp.

anj≥ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]mcn

ÿnXnI ]cnKW\ Dd∏phcpØm

≥ Xmsg ]dbp∂ in¬]imeIƒ

kwLSn∏n°s∏´p.

1. 2007 am¿®v 21\v \S∂ ]cn-

ÿnXn {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS tbmKØn¬

hnhn [ ]cn-ÿnXnkwL-S-\-I-

fn¬\n-∂mbn \m¬∏-Xp-t]¿ ]s¶-Sp-

Øp.

2. Pn√ Du¿÷ -πm≥ Xøm-dm-

°p-∂-Xns‚ coXn-imkv{Xw N¿®

sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn 2007 am¿®v 12\v

\S∂ tbmK-Øn¬ hnhn[ Kth-

jW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂mbn 24

t]¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

3 . 2007 am¿®v 12\pXs∂

sshZypXn sse≥ am∏nwKv \S-Øp-

∂-Xns‚ coXn-imk-{Xw N¿®-sN-øp-

∂-Xn-\p-≈ tbmKhpw \S-∂p.

2007 am¿®v 8˛mw XobXn tN¿∂

anj≥ {Kq∏v tbmKw anj≥ {Kq∏n\v

Hcp {]h¿Ø\ kwhn[m\w

Xocpam\n®p. Bhiyamb ÿew

CXn\mbn As\¿´n¬ am‰nshbv

°m≥ Xocpam\n®p. anj≥ {]h¿

Ø\Øn\mbn As\¿´v, C.Fw.kn

F∂nhnSßfn¬ \n∂v Poh-\-°msc

\ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2007 am¿®v 27˛mw XobXn tN¿∂

anj≥ {Kq∏v anj≥ Xømdm°nb

t{]mPIvSpIƒ°v AwKoImcw

\¬In.

$ Proposal for a preliminaryreconnaissance study andpreparation of a database ofpotential small hydro power sitesfor the total energy securitymission with the participation oflocal governments.

$ Proposal for a district level projecton total energy security inPalakkad. F∂n-h-bmWv Cßs\

Gs‰-Sp-°-s∏´ t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ.

2007 G{]n¬ 7˛mw XobXn

tN¿∂ anj≥ {Kq∏ v tbmKw

sshZypXn a{¥nbpambn ]cymtem

Nn®v anj≥ DZvLmS\sØ kw_

‘n®v Xocpam\saSp°m≥ Bkq

{XWt_m¿UwKw ]n.hn DÆn

IrjvWs\ NpaXes∏SpØn.

CXns\ØpS¿∂v Pq¨ 5-˛temI

]cnÿnXn Zn\Øn\v anj≥ DZvLm

S\w Xocpam\n®p. DZvLmS\Øns‚

apt∂mSnbmbn \StØ≠ {]h¿Ø

\ßsf°pdn®v BtemNn°m≥ 2007

G{]n¬ 27\pw sabv 19\pambn c≠v

kwÿm\Xe tbmK߃ \S∂p.

GXm≠v 100 t]¿ hoXw Cu

tbmKßfn¬ kw_‘n®p.

2007 sabv 17˛mw Xob-Xn-bnse

GO (Rt) No. 111/2007/PD {]Imcw

anj\v Hcp kwÿm\Xe tIm¿Un

t\j≥ IΩn‰n Xocpam\n°s∏´p.

Cu tIm¿Unt\j≥ IΩn‰nbn¬

18

]©m-bØv cmPv

\qtdmfw t]¿ AwKßfmWv. anj\v

hnhn[ Pn√mXe tIm¿Unt\j≥

IΩn‰nIƒ 2007 sabv 21˛mw Xob-Xn-

bnse GO (Rt) No. 1460/07/LSGD{]Imcw Xocpam\n°s∏´p. Cu

tIm¿Unt\j≥ IΩn‰nIfn¬

Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw ap∏-tXm-fw t]¿

hoXw AwKßfmWv.

kwÿm\Xe DZvLmS\Øns‚

apt∂mSnbmbn F√m Pn√-I-fnepw

Xt±i`cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS t\Xm-

°-fpsS Pn√m I¨sh≥j\pIƒ

sabv 21˛24 hscbmbn \S-Ø-s∏-´p.

XpS¿∂v Pq¨ 5˛mw XobXn ]≤-Xn-

bpsS DZvLm-S\w F√m Xt±-i-kz-

bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw {]Jym-

]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Hcp {]`m-jW ]c-

ºc \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xocp -am -\n -

°pIbpw AXn-\p-th≠n A[ym-]-

Isc k÷-cm-°m-\p≈ {iaw XpS-

ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu A≤ym]I

]cnioe\Øn\mbn amÿ s{Sbn\

¿amcpsS ]cnioe\w sabv 23 apX¬

25 hscbpw Pn√mXe ]cnioe\w

sabv 26, 27 \pambn´pw \SØpIbp

≠mbn. Cu ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSnI

fn¬ c≠m-bn -c -Øne[nIw t]¿

]s¶SpØp.

DZvLm-S\ ktΩf\w \SØp

∂Xns‚ aps∂mcp°ßfmbn kn\n

am Xntb‰dpIfnse ss…UpIƒ

hoUntbm kvt]m´pIƒ, tdUntbm

kvt]m´pIƒ, t]mÃdpIƒ XpS-ßn-

bh Cd-°p-Ibpw hm¿Øm t_m¿

UpIfnepw t\m´okv t_m¿UpI

fnepw t]mÃ-dp-Iƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Ab¬°q´w

I¨ho\¿am¿, k∂≤ {]h¿Ø

I¿ F∂nhcpsS tbmK߃

F∂nhbpw kwLSn∏n°s∏- p. Cu

hniZmwißfSßp∂ k¿°pe¿

2007 sabv 19\v k¿°m¿ ]pdØn

d°n.

CtX-Øp-S¿∂v temI-]-cn-ÿnXn

Zn\-amb Pq¨ 5˛mw XobXn ]me-

°mSv ap\n-kn-∏¬ Su¨lm-fn¬\-

S∂ Bth-i-I-c -amb NS-ßn¬

tIcf K-h¿Æ¿ B¿.-F¬. `mSy

kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-js‚

Hu]-Nm-cnI DZvLm-S-\-{]-Jym-]\w

kqcys‚ NqSv D]-tbm-Kn®v ]mNIw sNømw

$ t_mIvkv tamU¬

ÿnc-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 3, 4 knen-≠¿

Kymkv Hcp h¿j-Øn¬ em`n-°mw. ]mN-I-Øn\v GI-tZiw

2, 3 aWn-°q¿ kabw th≠n-h-cpw. 3, 4 t]¿°p≈ £Ww

]mNIw sNømw.

$ Unjv tamU¬

ÿnc-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 10 knen-≠¿ Kymkv

Hcp h¿j-Øn¬ em`n-°mw. {]j¿Ip-°¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬

CXn¬ Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ sIm≠v ]mNIw sNømw. 10˛15

t]¿°p≈ `£Ww ]mNIw sNømw.

Du¿÷ kwc-£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬

tkmfm¿ Ip°¿

\S-Øn. At∂-Zn-hkw GXm≠v

F√m Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-

ß-fnepw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hnj-b-ß-

fn-ep≈ {]`m-j-W-ß-ƒ \S-Ø-s∏- p.

1. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-

j≥ Z¿i\w ZuXyw ]cn -

t{]£yw.

2. ssPh-{Zhy ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\hpw

ssPthm¿t÷m-Xv]m-Z-\hpw

3. A£b Du¿÷ hnI-k\

km[y-X-Iƒ.

GXm≠v Im¬e-£w-t]¿ Cu

{]`m-jW ]c-º-c-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-

I-bp-≠mbn.

DZvLm-S-\-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v 462 Xt±-

i-kz-bw-`cW ÿm]-\-߃ Cu

[\-Im-cy-h¿j-Øn¬Øs∂ kºq

¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ {]h¿

Ø-\-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ apt∂m-´p-h-

∂n -´p≠v . Cu ÿe-ß-fn¬

Du¿÷˛]-cn-ÿnXn tk\-Iƒ cq]o-

I-cn-°m\pw ka{K Du¿÷m-kq-{X-W-

]-cn -]m-Sn -Iƒ \S-∏m-°m\pap≈

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw- n-®p -I-gn-™p.$

19

]©m-bØv cmPv

tIcfw sshZypXn IΩnbp≈

Hcp kwÿm\amsW∂Xv kphn-

ZnXam -Wt√m. tIcf k¿°m¿

{]Jym-]n-®n- p≈ "kºq¿Æ Du¿÷

kpc£m anjs‚' B`napJyØn¬

A£b Du¿÷ hnIk\Øn\pw

{KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØn\pw

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ hgn Du∂

¬ \¬Ins°m≠v Cu Zpc-hÿ adn-

I-S-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-c-amWv Ct∏mƒ

kwPm-X-am-bn-´p-≈Xv.

Xm]sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p

hm\p]tbmKn°p∂ C‘\ßfmb

I¬°cn, Uok¬, \m^vXm,

F¬.Fk.vF®v.Fk.v F∂nh H∂pw

Xs∂ tIcfØn¬ kzm`mhnI

e`yXbn√mØXpw, Cd°paXn

sNtø≠XpamWv. AtX kabw,

aqe[\s®ehpw, Dev]mZ\s®ehpw

Xptemw Ipdhmb h≥InS Pe

sshZypX]≤XnIƒ ]eXpw ]cn

ÿnXn°v Ak¥penXmhÿ

krjvSn°p∂Xn\m¬ \S∏nem°p

hm≥ km[n°p∂n√. Cu kμ¿`

Øn¬ ]cnÿnXn°\ptbmPyam

bXpw, sNehpIpd™Xpw \n¿Ωm

Wkabw Ipdhp≈Xpamb sNdp

InS PesshZypX ]≤XnIsf∏¡n

\mw Nn¥nt°≠XmWv. {]mtZinI

ambn sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn

Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS sshZyp

Xn e`yXbn√mØ {]tZißfn¬

Ffp∏Øn¬ sshZypXn FØn°m

≥ km[n°pw. AXp am{Xa√, henb

AWsI´nbp≈ ]≤XnItf°mƒ

thKØn¬ em`w D≠m°m≥

DXIp∂XpamWv Ch.

tIcfØn¬ \ZnIfnse Pe

e`yXb\pkcn®v sNdpInS Pessh

ZypX ]≤Xn°p≈ km[yXIƒ

[mcmfap≠v. CXv IW°nseSpØm

Wv tIcf k¿°m¿ sNdpInS

PesshZypXn Dev]mZ\ cwKØv

hnπhIcßfmb ]ptcmKXn°v

{ian®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv. \mfn-Xp-h-

sc-bpŠsNdp-InS sshZyp-tXm¸m-

Z-\-Øn¬ {]mtZ-inI khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v ]≤Xn cq]-I¬∏\

sNøp∂ kwhn-[m-\tam Ht´sd

A\n¬ Pn.kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Ub-d-IvS¿

sNdpInS PesshZypX]≤XnIƒHcp am¿§tcJ

20

]©m-bØv cmPv

sNdp-InS ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS km[yX Hcp-

an®v I≠v (¢-ÿ) am\-Io-I-cn® D]-

I -c -W-߃ D]-tbm -Kn -°p∂

coXntbm {]tbm-K-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-

cm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. sNdp-InS ]≤Xn-

I-fpsS cq]-I¬∏\, D]-I-c-W-ß-

fpsS kvs]kn- n-t°-j≥kv apX-em-

bh kw_-‘n-°p∂ Ãmt‚¿Up-I-

fn¬ am‰w-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw

]¶m-fnØ sNdp-InS Pe-sshZypX

hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ {ia-

߃ \S-Øm-\m-Im-Ø-Xp-amWv Cu

t]mcm-bva-Iƒ°v ASn-ÿm\w. Ch

]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v sNdp-InS Pe-

ssh-ZypX ]≤Xn hnI-k\w Pn√m-]-

©m-b-Øp-Iƒh-gn apt∂m- p-sIm-≠p-

t]m-Im-≥ kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-

£m- an-j≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂p.

h≥InS PesshZypX ]≤Xnbn

teXpt]mse, Hcp henb Pemibw

(Pekw`cWn) sNdpInS Pessh

ZypX ]≤Xnbn¬ Dt±in°p∂n√.

AXpsIm≠v Xs∂, ]≤Xn°v

hn\ntbmKn°p∂ ÿeØns‚

Afhv hfsc IpdhmWv. an°hmdpw

\Znbn¬ km[mcW D≠mIp∂

sh≈s]m°Øns‚ Pe\nc∏p

hscam{Xambncn°pw sN°v Uman

s‚ (hnbdns‚) s]m°w. Pekw`c

Wnbn√mØXpsIm≠v, th\¬°m

eØv sNdpInS PesshZypX

]≤XnIfn¬ Dev]mZ\w Xptemw

Ipdhmbncn°pw. Nnet∏mƒ Dev]mZ

\w H´pw Xs∂ D≠mbncn°pIbn√.

sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn°p

≈ Hcp \yq\X CXv am{XamWv.

h¿jØn¬ icmicn Ggv apX¬

F´v amk°mew am{Xta sshZypXn

Dev]mZ\w km[n°pIbp≈q. ]s£

h≥InS PesshZypX ]≤XnIfp≈

tIcfØn¬ ag°meØp≈ sshZyp

Xn Dev]mZ\w, sNdpInS Pe]≤Xn

bn¬ \n∂m°n, h≥InS Pe]≤

Xnbn¬ Pew [mcmfw kw`cn®v,

t h \ ¬ ° m e t Ø b v ° p ≈

Dev]mZ\w km≤yam°mw. am{Xa√

a¡v Du¿÷ DdhnSßfmb kutcm

¿÷w, ssPh]Zm¿∞ßfn¬ \n∂p

≈ Du¿÷w F∂nhsb th\¬

°me sshZyp-tXm¬∏m-Z-\-Øn-\mbn

sNdp-InS Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-I-tfm-

sSm∏w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpam

Imw.

sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xnbp

sS ÿm]nX tijnb\pkcn®v,

Ahsb Xmsg∏dbp∂ hn[Øn¬

aq∂mbn XcwXncn®ncn°p∂p.

1. ]ot°m sslU¬ ˛ 10 Intem

hm´v hsc.

2. ssat{Im sslU¬ ˛ 10 Intem

hm´v apX¬ 100 Intem hm´v hsc

3. an\n sslU¬ 101 Intem hm v

apX¬ 3000 Intem hm´v hsc.

4. kvtamƒ sslU¬ 3001 apX¬

25000 Intem hm´v hsc.

Hmtcm tXmSnepw \Znbnepw

HgpIp∂ PeØns‚ Afhpw, B

ÿeØp≈ sh≈®m´Øns‚

DbchyXymkhpw B{ibn®mWv

$ ssPh-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ A¥-co£ hmbp-hns‚ Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ kqjvamWp Pohn-Iƒ

{]h¿Øn-°p-tºm-gmWv ssPh-hm-XIw AYhm _tbm-Kymkv Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

45-˛55% aosY-bv≥, 35-˛45% Im¿_¨ssUHm-Ivssk-Uv. aosY-bns‚ Item-dn-^nIv aqeyw

4700 Kcal BWv.

$ Hcp Iyp_nIv ao‰¿ _tbm-Kymkv 0.84 Kg. LPG°v Xpey-am-Wv.

$ Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXn Dev]m-Z-\-Øn\v 0.21 m3 Kymkv thWw.

A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ

ssPh hmXI πm‚p-Iƒ

$ ]mNI hmXI C‘\w

$ ssPh hfw

$ amen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷\w

$ sshZyp-tXm-ev]m-Z\w

21

]©m-bØv cmPv

sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnbpsS

ÿm]nXtijn \nivNbn°p∂Xpw

ta¬∏d™coXnbn¬ Xcw Xncn°p

∂Xpw.

sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn

Iƒ ]©mbØv XeØn¬

tIcf k¿°mcns‚ Du¿÷

\b]cn]mSnb\pkcn®v ]©mbØv

XeØn¬ P\]¶mfnØtØmsS

sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnIƒ

\S∏nem°mhp∂XmWv. CXn-\mbn

Hcp ka{K t{]mPIvSv kºq¿Æ

Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ Xøm-dm-°n-

bn- p-≠v. h\-{]-tZ-i-tØmSp tN¿∂p-

In-S-°p∂ {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ,

Ah Dƒs∏-Sp∂ tªm°v˛Pn√m

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ F∂n-hsb Dƒs∏-

Sp-Øn-bmWv Cu t{]mPIvSv \S-∏m-

°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. C.-Fw.-kn.,

As\¿´v F∂o kwL-S-\-I-fpsS

klmbw IqSmsX hnhn[ F©n-\o-

b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-I-sfbpw t]mfo

sSIv\n -°p -I -sfbpwIqSn Cu

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥

Dt±-in-°p-∂p. CXn-\m-bp≈ am¿§

\n¿t±-i-߃ AS-ßp∂ ssI∏p-

kvXIw kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m

anj≥ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-XmWv.

sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnIƒ

FhnsSsbms° ÿm]n°mw?

sNdnb AcphnIƒ°v IpdpsI

Hcp Xmev°menI AW (1 apX¬ 5

hsc ao‰¿ DbcØn¬) sI´n sh≈w

XS™v \n¿Øn AXv I\men¬

IqsStbm, s]≥kvt‰m°n¬ IqsS

tbm, ]h¿lukn¬ FØn®v ssh

ZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°mw. Aßs\

bp≈ Hcp Acphn sXcs™Sp°p

tºmƒ {]tXyIw {i≤nt°≠Xv Hcp

sk°≥Un¬ 10 en¡¿ (GItZiw

Ac -_°‰v) Pe{]hmlw F¶nepw

D≈ Hcp Acphnbntem I\mentem

am{Xta Cu XcØnep≈ Pessh

ZypX ]≤XnIƒ em`Icambn

Bcw`n°m≥ km[n°pIbpffq

F∂XmWv. am{Xa√, hfsc°pd®p

Zqcw k©cn°ptºmƒ Xs∂ KWy-

amb (GItZiw 20˛50 ao‰¿) Dbc

hyXymkw D≈hbmsW¶n¬ hfsc

em`Icambn ]≤Xn {]h¿Øn∏nbv

°phm≥ km[n°pw. Acphnbn¬

sh≈®m´ßfp≈ ÿe߃

Bbncn°pw CXn\v hfsc tbmPn

®Xv.

taev]d™ coXnbnep≈ Acp

hnbn¬ Hcp XSbWbpw ASpØp

Xs∂ Hcp ]Δ¿ lukpw ]Wnbp

hm≥ tbmPn® ÿew I≠p ]nSn

t°≠XmWv.

Acphn ÿnXn sNøp∂

]©mbØv, h\-kw-c-£W kanXn,

Du¿÷-˛-]-cn-ÿnXn tk\ F∂n-h-

bnse AwK-ßsf Dƒs∏-SpØn Xøm-

dm-°p∂ Du¿÷ taJem I¿Ω-k-

an-Xn-bm-bn-cn°pw sNdpInS Pessh

ZypX ]≤XnIƒ hn`mh\w sNøp∂

Xn\p≈ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G¿s∏

tS-≠Xv.

]≤Xnbv°v A\ptbmPyamb

Hcp ÿew Ds≠∂dn™m¬

Du¿÷ kanXn ap≥ssIsbSpØv

Hcp hnZKv[ kwLsØ Ab®v

{]mYanI km[yXm ]T\w \SØ

Ww. km[yXm]T\Øn\v t]mIp

∂Xv kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m

anjs‚ \n¿t±-i-a-\p-k-cn®v ]©m-b-

Øn¬ cq]o -I -cn -°p∂ hnZKv[

kanXn AwK-ß-fm -bn -cn -°Ww.

AcphnbpsS {]hml\nc°v, Dbc

hyXymkw apXemb Imcy߃

GItZi cq]Øn¬ IW°m°n

sshZypXnbpsS e`yX Dd∏phcpØp

∂Xn\p]-tbm-Kn-°mhp∂ hnh-c-ti-

J-cW t^m¿am‰v kºq¿Æ Du¿÷

kpc-£m-an-j≥ e`y-am-°pw.

1. ]≤Xn°\ptbmPysa∂v I≠

ÿew GXp hm¿Un¬/]©mb

Øn¬s∏´XmWv?

2. Cu ÿew BcpsS ssIhiØn

emWv D≈Xv?

DZm: ÿehmknIfpsS/]pdw

t]m°v/h\{]tZiw apXemb

hnhc߃ tiJcn°Ww.

3. Acphnbnse \oscmgp°ns\

22

]©m-bØv cmPv

]‰nbp≈ hnhc߃

i. Hcm≠n¬ F{X amk°mew

Acphnbn¬ \oscmgp°p≠v?

ii. ag°meØv D≠mbn´p≈ sh≈

s∏m°w aqew F{X ao‰¿ Dbc

Øn¬ Acphnbnse sh≈w

Db¿∂p?

iii. ]Δ¿lukn\p th≠n Dt±in®

ÿew shf≈s∏m°waqew

apßnt∏mIm≥ km≤Xbpt≠m?

iv. Cu hm¿Un¬ sI.Fkv.C.-_n.

bpsS sshZypXnsse\pIƒ

Dt≠m? F¶n¬ AXv ]≤Xn°p

t±in® ÿeØv \n∂v F{X

ZqscbmWv?

v . hm¿Un¬ sI.Fkv.C._-n .

sse\nsæn F{X ZqscbmWv

\nehnep≈ sse≥ h∂p

\n¬°p∂Xv?

vi. hm¿Un¬ F{X hoSpIƒ sshZyp

XoIcn°mØhbmWv?

vii. \S∏nem°phm≥ Dt±in°p∂

]≤XnIfn¬ \n∂pw F{X hoSp

Iƒ sshZypXoIcn°phm≥

Ignbpw?

viii.hm¿Un¬ Zmcn{ZytcJ°p Xmsg

bp≈ IpSpw_-߃ F{X?

ix. hm¿Un¬ sshZypXn°v hne \¬

tI≠Xmbn´p≈ hoSpIƒ

Dt≠m, Ds≠¶n¬ F{X?

x. hm¿Un¬ Irjn Bhiy߃°v

sshZypXn Bhiyapt≠m?

\nehnep≈ kwhn[m\w F¥m

Wv? DZm: Uok¬ ]ºv, Pe

N{Iw apXembh.

xi. sshZypXn e`n®m¬ sNdpInS

hyhkmb߃, ]mcºcy ssI

sØmgnepIƒ F∂nhbv°v

hnIk\ km≤yXbpt≠m?

xii. Cu ]≤Xn \S∏nem°m≥

th≠ntbm As√¶n¬ sshZypXn

sse≥ \o´p∂Xn\pth≠ntbm

]©mbØv XeØn¬ {ia߃

\SØnbn´pt≠m? ]©mb

Ønse -_UvP‰n¬ CXn\p≈

XpI hI sIm≈n®n´pt≠m?

xiii.P\]¶mfnØtØmsS Cu

]≤Xn \S∏nem°ptºmƒ, ]

©mbØp hnlnXw IqSmsX,

P\ßfpsS kmºØnI ]¶mfn

Øw F{Xam{Xw \evIphm≥

km[n°pw?

xiv.]≤Xn \S∏nem°nbm¬ ]©m

bØn\v ]n∂oSv F¥phm¿jnI

hcpam\w {]Xo£n°mw?

xv. ]≤Xn \S∏nem°nbm¬, Hcp

]s£ Bcw`n°phm\mIp∂

hyhkmb kwcw`߃ Fs¥

√mw?

Cu hnhcßsf√mw Dƒs∏Sp

Øn, hm¿Uv saº¿ Cu ]≤Xn

]©mbØns‚ ]cnKW\bn¬

sIm≠phcWw. Du¿÷ taJem

I¿Ω-k-anXnbpsS ip]m¿itbmSp

IqSn ]©mbØns‚ AwKoImcw

Cu ]≤Xn t\Snbncn °Ww.

]©m-b-Øp-Xe Du¿÷kanXn

Cßs\ \S -Øp∂ km[yXm

]T\Øns‚ shfn®Øn¬ kºq¿

Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m- an-j≥ \ntbm-

Kn-°p∂ hnZ-Kv[-∑m-cpsS t\XrXz

Øn¬ ]≤Xn {]tZiØv {]mYanI

k¿tΔ \SØn AXp]tbmKn®v

{]mYanI t{]mPŒv dnt∏m¿´ v

D≠mt°≠XmWv. {]mYanI

$ Kymkn-^-b-dn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ hmX-IsØ _¿W-dp-I-fn¬ t\cn´v IØn®v

Xmt]m¿÷ Bh-iy-߃°pw Uok-en-\p-]-Icw Uok¬ F©n-\p-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-

Kn®v sshZypXn DXv]m-Z\ Bh-iy-߃°pw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

$ 1.5 ˛ 1.7 Kg _tbmamkn¬ \n∂v Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXn e`n-°p-∂p.

$ 225Kw hsc I∏m-kn-‰n-bp≈ Kymkn-^-b-dp-Iƒ e`y-am-Wv.

A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ

Kymkn-^-b-dp-Iƒ

23

]©m-bØv cmPv

dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬

]n∂oSv ka{Kamb k¿tΔ \SØn

XSbWbpw, ]h¿ Nm\¬, t^m¿

t_, s]≥kvt‰m°v F∂nh bpsS

ÿm\hpw InS∏pw \n›bn°pI

bpw thWw.

Cu k¿tΔ°v tijw t{]mPŒv

\SØp∂ ÿeØn\\pkcn®v

\SØnb `qK¿` k¿tΔ, h\`qan

k¿tΔ, `qan D]tbmK k¿tΔ

apXemb ]T -\ -߃ \SØn

]≤XnbpsS hnhn[ LSI߃

kvYm]n°p∂Xn\p G‰hpw tbmPy

amb ÿew I≠p]nSn°pIbpw

AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ka{Kam

b t{]mPŒv dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°p

Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu t{]mPŒv dn

t∏m¿´ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬

]©mbØpIƒ°v t\cnt´m GP≥

knIƒ aptJ\tbm ]≤Xn \S∏m

°mhp∂XmWv.

{]mYanI ]≤Xn dnt∏m¿´v, ka

{Kamb kmt¶XnI ]≤Xn cq]tcJ

F∂nh Xømdm°ptºmƒ, tI{μ

]mcºtcyXca{¥mebw (MNRE),IREDA, CEA, CWC F∂o kvYm]\

߃ ]pdØnd°nbn´p≈ am¿§

\ n ¿ t ± i ß ƒ ° \ p k r X a m b

hnhc߃ Dƒs∏SpØnbncnt°

≠XmWv. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-

£m -an-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ hnZ-Kv[-

∑m¿ \n¿Ωn-°p∂ ]≤Xn cq]-tc-J-

bn¬ Cu am\Zfi߃ Dƒs∏Sp

Ønbn´ps≠∂v Dd∏m°mw.

CXns\ØpS¿∂v AXXp ]≤-Xn-

I -fpsS hni-Z -amb t{]mPIvS v

dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-

$ km[m-c-W-bmbn 50 apX¬ 80 hsc hm´v i‡n-bp≈ m\mWv D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-∂-Xv. apdn-bpsS hen-∏-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v m\ns‚ kzo∏v (_vtf-Up-

Iƒ Id-ßp∂ hrØ-Øns‚ hymkw) F{X thWw F∂v \n›-bn-°-

Ww.

$ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ t_b-dnwKv ^m\ns‚ Id‚ v sNehv \s√mcp ]cn[n

hsc Ipd-bv°pw. Akm-[m-cW aqf-temSpw i_vZ-tØm-Spw-IqSn HmSp∂

^m≥ t_b-dnwKv tISmbn F∂v Duln-°mw. At∏mƒ tamt´m¿ `b-¶-

c-ambn NqSm-Ipw. Id‚ v sNehv h¿≤n-°pw.

$ ^m≥ c≠p sIm√-Øn¬ Hcn-°-se-¶nepw Agn-s®-SpØv {Ko n´v kwc-

£n-®m¬ Id‚ v sNehv Ipd-bpw.

$ ^m\p-Iƒ ct≠m-ap-°m¬ ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ Xq°-Ww.

$ km[m-cW sdKp-te-‰¿ D≈ m≥ GXp thK-Øn¬ HmSn-®mepw Id‚ v

sNehv H∂m-Wv. Ipd™ thK-Øn¬ HmSn-°p-tºmƒ sshZypXn em`n-

°m≥ Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv sdKp-te-‰¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

Du¿÷ kwc£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬

^m≥

24

]©m-bØv cmPv

\p≈ hnZ-Kv[-k-lmbw kºq¿Æ

Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ e`y-am-°pw.

t{]mPIvSv dnt∏m¿ v Xømdm°phm≥

th≠n t\ctØ tiJcn®

hnhc߃ apgph≥ Cu hnZ-Kv[-

∑msc G¬∏n°Ww. t{]mPIvSv

dnt∏m¿´ v hfsc thKØn¬

Xømdm°phm≥ CXv klmbn°pw.

Cßs\ Xømdm°nb t{]mPŒv

dnt∏m¿´v ]h¿ Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns‚

A\paXnbv°mbn ]©mbØv Ab

®psImSpt°≠Xpw A\paXn

hmtß≠XpamWv. A\paXn e`n®

t{]mPŒv dnt∏m¿´v, ]©mbØns‚

]cnKW\bv°v sh®v ]≤Xn°mh

iyamb ]Ww kzcq]n°pIbpw

thWw.

]≤Xn°mhiamb aqe[\w

Pn√m klIcW -_m¶pIƒ,

IREDA, MNRE, a¡v tZikm¬

IrX -_m¶pIƒ F∂nhbn¬ \n∂v

hmbv]bmbn e`n°p∂XmWv. hnZ-

Kv[-cpsS \n¿t±i {]Imcw ]h¿lu

kn\v Bhiyamb P\td‰¿,

S¿ss_-≥ apXemb sajo\pIƒ °v

Hm¿U¿ sImSp°mw. ]≤XnbpsS

\n¿ΩmWØns‚ hnhn[ L´ß

fn¬ th≠ kmt¶XnI D]tZiw

sImSp°phm\pw -hnZ-Kv[-k-lmbw

e`y-am°Ww.

]≤Xn ]q¿Ønbmbn sshZypXn

Dev]mZ\w Bcw`n°ptºmƒ B

]©mbØnse D]t`mIvXm°ƒ°v

t\ctØ \n›bn® {]Imcw sshZyp

Xn FØn°p∂Xn\p≈ ]WnIƒ

hnZ-Kv[-cpsS D]tZitØmSp IqSn

Bcw`nt°≠XmWv. Cu sshZypXn

D]t`mIvXm°fpsS ap≥KW\m

{Iahpw B hm¿Unse I¿Ω kanXn

Xs∂ Xømdm°Ww.

]h¿ luknse Dev]mZ\w,

hnXcWw F∂nh \nb{¥n°p∂-Xn-

\p≈ kmt¶-XnI kwhn -[m\w

]©m-b-Øp-X-e-Øn¬ th≠n-h-cpw.

sshZypXn hnXcWØn¬\n∂p≈

hcpam\w, ]≤Xn°pth≠n FSpØn

´p≈ hmbv] Xncn®Sbv°¬

F∂nhbv°pw P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-

߃ D≠m-t°-≠n-h-cpw. Chsb

kw_-‘n-°p∂ hni-Z-amb am¿§-

tcJ anjs‚ ssI∏p-kvX-I-Øn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Acphnbnse \oscmgp°ns\bpw

AcphnbpsS {]XeØns‚ Dbc

hyXymksØbpw A\pkcn®mW

s√m AXn¬ \n∂v e`n°p∂ ssh

ZypXnbpsS tXmXv \n›bn°p∂Xv.

AXn\\pkcn®p≈ hnhc߃

tiJcnt°≠Xp≠v.

D]-kw-lmcw

\√ {]h¿Ø\w ImgvNsh°m≥

{iaIcamb Unssk≥ Bhiyam

sW¶nepw, Hcp ssat{Im knkv¡w

\SØp∂Xv A{X Zpjv°ca√.

sNdnb Hcp ]cnioe\w \¬In Ch

Hcp {]bmkhpw IqSmsX {]h¿Øn

∏n°phm\pw ]cn]men°phm\pw

Ignbpw. CØcw t{]mPIvSpIfpsS

km[mcW Bbp v 20˛25 h¿j

dntam´v I¨t{Smƒ sIm≠v Hm^v sNbvXmepw Sn.-hn. 5W ]h¿ D]-tbm-Kn®p

sIm≠n-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v Sn.-hn. πKv t]mbn‚n¬ Xs∂ Hm^v sNøpI.

Du¿÷-kw-c-£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬

Sn.hn.

25

]©m-bØv cmPv

tØmfamWv. ssat{Im Pe sshZyp

X ]≤Xn, a¡p hn[Ønep≈

]pXp°s∏Smhp∂ Du¿÷ t{kmX

 pItf°mtfsd sNehp Ipd™h

bmWv. Cu kvIoapIƒ "run ofriver'' (kw`cWw C√mØh) Bb

Xn\m¬ th\¬°meØv apgph≥

kabhpw {]h¿Øn∏nbv°m≥

IgnbpIbn√. Cu kabØv kutcm

¿÷w, ssPthm¿÷w, ]ht\m¿

÷w t]mep≈ a‰ vD]m[nIƒ

{]tbmP\s∏SptØ≠XmIp∂p.

AXXp {]tZisØ Bƒ°mcpsS

klIcWtØmSp IqSn CØcw

sshZypXn t{kmX pIsf \ΩpsS

{KmaßfpsS hnIk\Øn\v {]tXy

In®v {KnUv IWIvj≥ C√mØnS

ßfn¬ [mcmfambn D]tbmKs∏Sp

Ømhp∂XmWv. {KnUpambn _-

‘n∏n®pw CØcw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \S-

Øm-\m-Ipw.

H¡s∏´p InS°p∂ aetbmc{Km

aßfn¬ sshZypXn FØnbv°phm

\p≈ G¡hpw ]¡nb t{kmX m

Wv sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn

Iƒ. \nehnep≈ sshZypXirwJe

FØnt®cmØnSØv Cßs\

{]mtZinIambn sshZypXn hnXcWw

sNøm\mhpw. F∂m¬ CØcØn

ep≈ Nne ]≤XnIfn¬ IqSn \ne

hnep≈ sshZypX irwJebnte°v

sshZypXn \evIphm\pw XZzmcm B

{]tZiØmIam\ap≈ thmƒt´Pv

£maw Ipds®ms° ]cnlcnbv°p

hm\pw \ap°p Ignbp∂XmWv.

H¡s∏´p InS°p∂ {]tZi

ßsf Dt±in®p≈ sNdpInS

PesshZypX ]≤XnIfn¬ apX¬

apS°m≥ sshZypXn t_m¿Up

t]mep≈ henb ÿm]\߃°v

kzm`mhnIambpw Xmev]cyap

≠mhn√. Fs¥∂m¬ CØcw

]≤XnIƒ°p th≠n hcp∂

ASnÿm\ sNehpIƒ ]≤XnbpsS

BI∏msSbp≈ kmºØnI

`{ZXsb XInSw adn°p∂ XcØn

$ tIc-f-Øn¬ 25 ÿe-ß-fn¬ Im‰ns‚ e`yXm ]T\w \S-Øn-bn-´p-

≠v. Chbn¬ 17 ÿe-߃ sshZyp-tXm¬∏m-Z\w km[y-am-Ipw.

$ CSp-°n-bnse cma-°¬ta-´n¬ 20 ao‰-dn¬ thKX 29.7 km/h, i‡n

km{μX 532 W/m2

$ A´∏mSn-bnse \√knwKØv 20 ao‰-dn¬ thKX 22.90 km/h, i‡n

km{μX 324 W/m3

$ I©nt°m´v 20 ao‰-dn¬ thKX 22.60 km/h, i‡n km{μX 218 W/m2

$ \nehn¬ ]me-°mSv I©n-t°mSv 2MW hn≥Uv ^mw.

$ A´-∏m-Sn-bn¬ 20MW, CSp-°n-bn¬ 20MW hoXw tijn-bp≈ Im‰m-

Sn-∏mSw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]≤Xn \S∂p hcp-∂p.

A£b Du¿÷- t{km-X- p-Iƒ

Im‰n¬ \n∂pw Du¿÷w ˛ tIcfw

embncn°pw. Du¿t÷mev]mZ\

taJebn¬ ]pØ≥ DW¿Δp≠m

°ns°m≠mWv Cu ]≤XnIfpambn

hnhn[ Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃

apt∂dns°m≠ncn°p∂Xv. ssat{Im

XeØnep≈ ]≤XnIfpsS sshZyp

Xn, {KnUv C√mØ ÿeßfn¬

sshZypXn FØnbv°m\msW¶n¬

sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnIfp

sS {][m\ eIvjyw sshZypXn

C√mØ kvYeßfn¬ sshZypXn

FØn°p∂tXm-sSm-∏w, \nehnep

≈ sshZypXirwJebnte°v ssh

ZypXn hn¬°p∂-XneqsS ÿncamb

Hcp hcpam\w -_‘s∏´ Xt±i

`cW ÿm]\߃°v e`yam°p

hm\pw AXnt\msSm∏w Dev]mZn∏n

°p∂ sshZyptXm¿÷w AXXv

CSßfn¬ Xt±i hnIk\Øn\v

D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\v t{]m’ml\w

sImSp°phm\pw Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw

thWw.$

26

]©m-bØv cmPv

"kotdm hm´v '_ƒ_mtWm 3000 W hm´¿

lo‰-dmtWm IqSp-X¬ sshZypXnD]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv ?

kotdm hm´v _ƒ_v F∂v an°-hcpw [cn-

®p-sh-®n-cn-°p∂ If¿em-ºp-I-fpsS bYm¿∞

hmt´Pv 15 apX¬ 28 hm v hsc-bm-Wv. 15 hm´ns‚

Hcp _ƒ_v Hcp-Zn-hkw apgp-h≥ IØn-®n-Sp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬ c≠p-am-k-tØ°v 21.6 bqWn‰v

sshZypXn sNe-hm-Ipw. F∂m¬ CXn-\p-]-Icw

Hcp hm´ns‚ LED emºv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ sshZypXn D]-tbmKw H∂c bqWn-‰mbn

Ipd-bv°m-\m-Ipw.

Hcmƒ°v Ipfn-°m-\p≈ NqSp-sh≈w In´m-

\mbn 3000 W hm´¿ lo‰¿ 5 an\n-t´mfw am{Xw

{]h¿Øn-∏n-®m¬ aXn. CXn-\mbn Nne-hm-Ip∂

sshZypXn 0.25 bqWn-‰m-Wv. F∂m¬ kotdm hm´v F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp 15 hm´v If¿ _ƒ_v

H-cp-Zn-hkw ]q¿Æ-ambn I-Øn-®n-´m¬ Nne-hm-Ip-∂Xv 0.36 bqWn-‰m-Wv. CXn¬\n∂pw F{X

i‡n-Iq-Snb D]-I-c-W-am-sW-¶nepw i‡n-Ip-d-™h BsW-¶nepw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sshZyp-

Xn-bpsS Afhv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ LSIw AXns‚ hmt´Pv am{X-a√ AXv {]h¿Øn-∏n-°p∂

ka-b-hp-am-sW∂v t_m≤y-am-W-t√m.

sshZypXn D]-tbmKw F{X bqWn-‰m-sW∂v\n߃°p-Xs∂ I≠p-]n-Sn°mw!!!

F{X bqWn‰v sshZypXn D]-tbm-Kn®p

F∂p I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ sshZyp-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-

fpsS bYm¿∞ hmt´Ppw Ah Hmtcm∂pw

F{X aWn-°q¿ hoXw {]h¿Øn-°p∂p

F∂pw Adn-bp-Itb th≠q. Hcp D]-I-c-W-

Øns‚ hmt´ -Pns\ {]h¿Øn® aWn -

°q¿sIm≠v KpWn®v Bbncw sIm≠v lcn-

®m¬ B D]-I-cWw D]-tbm-Kn® sshZyp-Xn-

bpsS Afhv bqWn-‰n¬ (kWh) In´pw.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v Hcp 60 hm´v m≥ 5 aWn-

°q¿ {]h¿Øn -®m¬ D]-tbm -Kn -°p∂

sshZypXn = 60 X 5 / 1000 = 0.3 bqWn-‰v.

CXp-t]mse hoSp-I-fnse Hmtcm sshZyp-

tXm-]-I-c-Whpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sshZypXn

I≠p-]n-Sn®v BsI F{X bqWn‰v sshZypXn

D]-tbm-Kn®p F∂p IW-°m-°mw. \nß-fpsS

sshZypX ao‰-dnse doUnw-Kp-ambn CXp Xmc-

X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°p-I-bp-am-hmw.

27

]©m-bØv cmPv

hntI{μo-IrX sNdp-InS hnI-k\

]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhiyw

Sqdnkw hnI-k-\-Øn\v hº≥ ]≤-Xn-I-f√

adn®v hntI-{μo-IrX sNdp-InS hnI-k\

]≤-Xn-I-fmWv Bh-iy-sa∂v apJy-a{¥n

hn.Fkv. ANyp-Xm-\-μ≥ ]≤Xn DZvLm-S\w sNøth

]d™p. Sqdn-kw- hn-I-k-\-sa-∂m¬ h\w ssItb-‰hpw

sI´nS-߃ ]Wn-b-ep-am-sW∂mWv Nne¿ Icp-Xp-∂Xv.

aeIfpw Imb-ep-Ifpw \in-∏n®p Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂

ChnsS SqdnÃp hcptam? Chn-SpsØ tIm¨{Io‰v

ku[-߃ ImWm-\√ Ah¿ hcp-∂-sX∂p \mw Xncn-

®-dn-bWw. tIcfw B`y-¥c Sqdn-k-Øn-emWv Dut∂-

≠Xv. \ΩpsS \m´nse hnkva-b-°m-gvN-Iƒ \Ωƒ

Xs∂ ImWWw, At±lw ]d™p.

Sqdn-ksØ P\-Io-b-

h-ev°-cn-°pI e£yw

A[n-Im-c -hn -tI-{μo-I-c -W-Øn-s‚bpw

hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{X-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]›m-

Ø-e-Øn¬ Xt±-i-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS ]¶m-fn-

Ø-tØmsS Sqdn-ksØ P\-Iob-h-ev°-cn-°p-I-bmWv

]≤-Xn-bpsS e£y-sa∂v NS-ßn¬ A≤y-£-\mbn-cp∂

Sqdnkw hIp∏v a{¥n tImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW≥

]d™p. Hmtcm {]tZ-i-tØbpw Sqdnkw tI{μ-߃

kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv Xt±-i-hm-kn-I-fpsS DØc-hm-Zn-Ø-

ambn amd-Ww. Hmtcm Pn√-bn¬ \n∂pw ]Øv Xt±-i

-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßsf hoXw ]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn

sXc-s™-Sp°pw. AXp-hgn kwÿm-\Øv Npcp-ßn-bXv

140 {Kma-ß-sf-¶nepw Sqdnkw kulr-Z-{Kma-ambn

amdp-sa∂v At±lw ]d™p.

Sqdnkw km≤y-X-bp≈ {Kma-{]-tZ-i-

ß-fp-sSbpw Sqdnkw Dev]-∂-ß-fp-

sSbpw hnI-k-\-Øn-eqsS {Kma-ß-

fn¬ Sqdnkw kulr-Zm-¥-co£w

krjvSn -°p -∂-Xn -\p≈ "Fs‚

{Kmaw Sqdnkw kulr-Z-{Kmaw' F∂

\qX\ ]≤Xn apJy-a{¥n hn.Fkv.

ANypXm-\-μ≥ Pq¨ 6-˛\v Xncp-h-\-

¥-]pcw I\-I-°p∂v sIm´m-c-Øn¬

sh®v DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. B`y-¥c/

Sqdnkw hIp-∏p-a{¥n tImSn-tbcn

_me-Ir-jvW≥ tbmK-Øn¬ A≤y-

£X hln®p.

P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sSbpw Xt±-i-

`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-W-

tØm-sSbpw \S-∏n-em-°p∂ Cu

]≤Xn tIc-f -Øns‚ X\-Xmb

{KmaoW- wKn Sqdn-Ãp-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w {Kma-ß-fn¬

IqSp -X¬ sXmgn -e -h -k-c -ßfpw

krjvSn°pw. {]Ir-Xn-c-a-Wo-b-amb

ÿe-ß-fn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-ku-I-cy-

߃ hnI-kn -∏n -°pI, hnt√Pv

kvIzb-dp-Iƒ hn]p-e-am-°pI, Pe-

Im-bnI hnt\m-Z-ßfpw, s{S°nwKpw

Dƒs∏-sS -bp≈ AUvsh-©¿

Sqdnkw hnI-kn-∏n-°pI, ss]XrI

{]m[m-\y-ap≈ {]tZ-i-ßfpw hkvXp-

h-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw ]cn

-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI, ]pXnb

dnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´v

{Kma-߃C\n apX¬

Sqdn-Ãp-IfpsSbpw

kz]v\-`qan

]©m-bØv \yqkv k¿Δokv

28

]©m-bØv cmPv

Sqdnkw Dev]-∂-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI,

]c-º-cm-KX hyh-km-b-ßfpw Im¿jn-Im-Sn-

ÿm\-Øn-ep≈ Sqdnkw Dev]-∂-ßfpw ]cn-

t]m-jn-∏n-°pI XpS-ßnb e£y-ß-fmWv

]≤Xn apt∂m´phbv°p-∂Xv.

Sqdnkw hIp-∏n-s‚bpw Xt±-i-kzbw`cW

hIp-∏n-s‚bpw kwbp‡ kwcw-`-amb ]≤-Xn-

bpsS \n¿Δ-lWw \S-Øp∂ Npa-Xe Xt±-i-

kzbw`cW ÿm]-\-߃°m-Wv. Hmtcm Xt±i-

kzbw`cW ÿm]-\-Øn\pw h¿j-Øn¬ Hcp

]≤-Xn-°m-bn -cn°pw A\p-aXn \¬IpI.

]≤Xn sNe-hns‚ 50% XpItbm ]c-am-h[n

10 e£w cq]tbm kmº-ØnI klmbw

e`n°pw. SqdnÃv tI{μ-ß-fn¬ Jc˛{Zh-am-en\y

kwkvI-c-W-Øn\pw ipNnXz ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw

kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ

am{Xta ]cn-K-W-\-bv°mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I-

bp≈p. KXm-KX kuI-cy-߃°pw, qan Gs‰-

Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw, ]pXnb XkvXn-

I-Iƒ Bh-iy-ap≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-

∂-X√. Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-Iƒ Xt±i-

kz-bw- -c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃ Xøm-dm°n \¬Ip∂

]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ap≥KW\m-{Iaw \n›-bn®v

kwÿm-\-Xe IΩn-‰n°v \¬Ipw. Sqdnkw

sk{I´dn A≤y-£\pw, Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W

h-Ip∏v sk{I-´dn, ]©m-bØv ap\n-kn-∏¬

Ubd-IvS¿am¿, No v Su¨ πm\¿, kwÿm\

πm\nwKv t_m¿Unse ASn-ÿm-\-ku-I-cy-

hn`mKw No v F∂n-h¿ AwK-ß-fmbpw Sqdnkw

Ub-d-IvS¿ I¨ho-\-dp-amb kwÿm-\-Xe

IΩn‰n-bm-bn-cn°pw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v A\p-aXn

\¬IpI.

IÆmSn {Kma-]-©m-b-Øns\ kwÿm-\sØ BZykºq¿Æ sshZypXo-IrX{Kma-]-©m-b-Ømbn apJy-a{¥n hn.-F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\-μ≥ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.sshZyp-Xn-hIp∏v a{¥n F.-sI. _me≥, Fkv. AP-b-Ip-am¿ Fw.-]n, ]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚ v Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ XpSßn-b-h¿ kao]w

]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse IÆmSn {Kma-]-©m-bØv kwÿm-\Øv

kºq¿Æ-ambn sshZyp-Xo-I-cn-°-s∏´ BZy {Kma-]-©m-b-Ømbn.

]mØn-°-en¬ \nd™ P\m-h-ensb km£n \n¿Øn CXns‚

HutZym-KnI {]Jym-]\w apJy-a{¥n hn.Fkv. ANyp-Xm-\-μ≥ \n¿Δ

ln®p. ]pXp-Xmbn sshZypXn FØn® 746 hoSp-Iƒ Dƒs∏sS

]©m-b-Ønse F√m hoSp-I-fnepw sshZypXn FØn-b-Xmbn

NSßn¬ {]Jym-]n®p. sshZypXn hIp∏v a{¥n F.sI. _me≥

NS-ßn¬ A≤y£X hln® NS-ßn¬ 250 hoSp-Iƒ°v sshZypXo-

I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ [\-k-lm-b-hn-X-cWw Fkv. AP-b-Ip-am¿ Fw.]n.

\n¿h-ln®p.

Ipg¬aμw, sImSp-hm-bq¿, ]pXp-\-Kcw, kp¬Øm≥ t]´,

taem-apdn, _nKv_-km¿ sk£-\p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ce-Iv{Sn-kn‰n

t_m¿Uv A\p-h-Zn® 20 e£w cq]bpw, kv{So‰v sabn≥ hen-°p∂-

Xn\pw, Syq_v sse‰v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Pn√m ]©m-bØv A\p

-h-Zn® 6.5 e£w cq]bpw {Kma-]-©m-bØv A\p-h-Zn® 13.5 e£w

cq]bpw tN¿Øv BsI 40 e£w cq]-bmWv ]≤-Xn°p th≠n

sNe-hm-bXv. (]-©m-bØv \yqkv k¿Δo-kv)

IÆmSnkwÿm-\sØ BZy kºq¿ÆsshZyp-Xo-IrX {Kma-]-©m-bØv

]≤-Xn-bpsS temtKm tab¿ kn. Pb≥

_m_p apJy-a-{¥n°v \¬In {]Im-i\w

sNbvXp. hn. inh≥Ip´n Fw.F¬.F, Pn√m

If-IvS¿ F≥. Aø-∏≥, sI.Sn.Un.kn sNb¿

am≥ sNdn-bm≥ nen∏v, amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS¿

sI.Pn taml≥em¬, Sqdnkw sk{I-´dn tUm.

hn. thWp, Sqdnkw Ub-d-IvS¿ kRvP-bvIuƒ

XpS-ßn-b-h¿ NS-ßn¬ ]s¶-SpØp. $

kp`m-jvN-{μ-t_m-kns‚ \o¿Ø-Sm-[n-jvTnX hnI-k-\-sØ-

°pdn®pw, DZ-b-`m-\p It≠Øns‚ ]©m-bØv A°u-≠n-

s\-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ teJ\ ]c-º-c-Iƒ ÿe-]-cn-an-Xn-aqew Cu

e°Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. FUn-‰¿

29

]©m-bØv cmPv

1. BapJw

\n¿Ωn°m\pt±in°p∂ GsX¶nepw sI nSw B {]tZisØ

tdmUpIfpsS mhn hnIk\Øn\pw a‰v Ab¬hmknIƒ°pw

ieyamImXncn°m\pw AXn¬ Pohnt°≠n hcp∂hcpsS

BtcmKyØn\v lm\nIcamImXncnbv°m\pamWv {Kma

]©mbØpIfn¬ IqSn sI´nS \n¿ΩmWw \nb{¥n°p∂Xv.

2007 Pq¨ 6 apX¬ kwÿm\sØ F√m {Kma]©mbØp

(It‚m¨sa‚pIfpw hyhkmb {]tZißfpw HgnsI) Ifnepw

tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ _n¬Unßv dqƒkpw sI´nS \n¿ΩmW

kw_‘amb tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ \nbaØnse F√m hyh

ÿIfpw _m[Iam°n k¿°m¿ hnPvRm]\w {]kn≤oIcn®p

Ign™p. ap≥kn∏¬ {]tZiØv tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ sI´nS

\n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ Fßs\ _m[IamIptam AtX coXnbn¬

AXns‚ kmcmwisØ _m[n°mØ am‰ßtfmSp IqSn

]©mbØp {]tZiØpw C\n apX¬ B N´ßfnse hyhÿ

Iƒ _m[Iambncn°pw. cq]s∏ p hcp∂ tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv

sI´nS \n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ {]kn≤oIrXamIptºmƒ AXm

bncn°pw ]©mbØv {]tZiØv _m[IamhpI.

2. sI nS \n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ F¥ns\ms° _m[IamIpw?

GsX¶nepw `qanbn¬ sI´nS \n¿ΩmWw Dƒs∏sS

Fs¥¶nepw hnIk\tam ]p\¿hnIk\tam \SØptºmgpw

]pXpXmbn Hcp sI´nSw cq]Iev]\bpw \n¿ΩmWhpw

\SØptºmgpw sI nSØns‚ ]Wnbn¬ am‰w hcpØptºmgpw

sI´nSØnse A[nhmk (oocupancy) Øntem D]tbmKcoXn

bntem am‰w hcpØptºmgpw Iq n tN¿°tem hn]peoIcWtam

\SØptºmgpw sI´nS\n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ ]ment°≠Xmbn

hcpw.

ap≥kn∏¬˛{Kma]©mbØv {]tZißfn¬ AXXp

]©m-b-Øv {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw _m[-I-am-°nbsI´nS \n¿ΩmW N -߃: Hcp kw£n]vXw

ap≥kn∏¬˛{Kma]©mbØv sk{I´dnamcpsS A\phmZw

C√msX GsX¶nepw q`mKw hnIkn∏n°mt\m ]p\¿ hnIkn

∏n°mt\m AXn¬ sI nSw \n¿Ωn°mt\m ]pXp°n ]Wnbmt\m

B qanbn¬ Fs¥¶nepw am‰w hcpØmt\m ]mSn√. GsX¶nepw

`qanbn¬ Fs¥¶nepw am‰w hcpØmt\m sI nSw ]Wnbmt\m

Xmev]cyapffh¿ ap≥kn∏¬˛{Kma]©mbØv sk{I´dnbn¬

\n∂pw sUhse∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰pw ssk‰ns‚bpw ssk‰v

πm\ns‚bpw AwKoImchpw sI´nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZhpw

hmßnbncn°Ww. InW¿ Ipgnbv°p∂Xn\pw tdmUcpIn¬

aXn¬ ]Wnbp∂Xn\pw A\phmZw thWw.

3. sUhse∏vsa‚ v (hnIk\) s]¿an‰v

ap≥kn∏¬/{Kma]©mbØv {]tZisØ GsX¶nepw qanbn¬

Fs¥¶nepw hnIk\tam ]p\¿ hnIk\tam \SØp∂Xn\p apºv

ap≥kn∏¬/{Kma]©mbØv sk{I´dnbpsS sUhse∏vsa‚ v

s]¿an‰v hmtß≠XmWv. B qanbn¬ hoSp\n¿ΩmWw Dƒs∏sS

F¥p am‰w hcpØp∂Xn\pw sUhse∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰v hmßWw.

`qhnIk\sa∂Xv qan \nIØp∂Xpw qanbpsS ap≥]p≠mbn

cp∂ D]tbmKw am‰epw XmakØn\mbn qan hn Pns®Sp°epw

\neØns‚ ]cnh¿Ø\hpw a‰v D]tbmK߃°p hnt[b

am°epw Dƒs∏Spw. \new \nIØp∂Xn\p A\paXn \evIptºmƒ

tIcf em‚ v bq nssetkj≥ HmUdpw ]ment°≠XmWv.

sUh-e-]vsa‚ v s]¿an-‰n-\mbn \n›nX t^mdØn¬

(As∏‚nIvkvv AA) At]£n°Ww. At]£tbmsSm∏w

semt°j≥ πm≥, ssk‰v πm≥, k¿Δokv πm≥, a‰v Bhiyamb

hnhc߃ F∂nhbpsS c≠ptIm∏nIfpw DSaÿmhImiw

sXfnbn°p∂ tcJbpw Ic-a-S® ckoXpw At]£m^okpw

AwKoIrX F≥Pn\obdpsS cPnkvt{Sj≥ k¿´n^n°‰ns‚

tIm∏nbpw okv HSp°nb tcJbpw D≠mbncn°Ww.

tIcfØnse ap≥kn∏men‰nIfn¬ \ne\n∂phcp∂ ap≥kn∏¬ sI´nS\n¿ΩmWN´ßƒ ]©mbØpIfnemIam\hpw _m[Iam°n k¿°m¿ DØchv ]pds∏Sphn®p Ign™p. B N´Ønse Nne {]k‡ hnhc߃ km[mcW ]©mbØvAwKØn\p a\ nemIpw hn[w efnXh¬°cn®p Xømdm°pIbmWv CuIpdn∏ns‚ Dt±iw. \nba]camb Imcy߃°v B N´ßƒ Xs∂ B[mcam°Ww.ÿe]cnanXnaqew ]eXpw hn´p If™n´p≠v. tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ _n¬Unßvdqƒkv 1999 te°pff Hcp ]T\ {]thinI am{Xambn Cu Ipdn∏ns\ ]cnKWn°Ww.Xømdm°nbXv Ine sset{_dnb≥ sI.cmPtiJc≥.

30

]©m-bØv cmPv

3.1 ssk‰v πm\n¬ Fs¥ms° thWw?

sUhse∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰n\pff At]£tbmsSm∏apff ssk‰v

πm\n¬ tπm ns‚ AXncpIfpw k¿tΔ hniZmwißfpw ASpØ

sXcphpw AXns‚ {]thi\ am¿§Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw B sXcp

hns‚ t]cpw hoXnbpw tπm´nse \nehnepff ÿnXnbpw

Im¬∏mXIfpw ssk‰ntem ssk‰n\cnIntem Ahkm\n°p∂

hgnbpsS te Hu´pw tπm v k∫v Unhnj\pIfpsS D]tbmK

ßfpw Hmtcm k_vUnhnj\nte°papff {]thi\ am¿§w,

k¿Δokv teHu´pIfpw, tπm´nse hnIk\ tbmKya√mØ

`qanbpsS ÿm\w, hnIk\Øn\pt±in°p∂ ÿeØns‚

{]tZihpw ÿm\hpw, ssk‰pambn _‘s∏´ hS°p Zni,

ssk‰ns‚ q{]tZi ]cn[n tcJbpw sk{I´dnbv°v Bhiyamb

a‰v tcJIfpw thWw.

3.2 k¿Δokv πm\n¬ Fs¥ms° thWw?

k¿Δokv πm\n¬ tπm nse k∫v Unhnjs‚ D]tbmKßfpw

IW£≥ FSp°mhp∂ PehnXcW sshZypXn s{Ubnt\Pv

kohtdPv te Hu´pIfpw tπm´n\pffnse AØcw kwhn[m

\ßfpw sk{I´dnbv°v Bhiyamb a‰v hnhcßfpw D≠mIWw.

At]£bpw A\p_‘ hnhcßfpw hniZambn ]cntim

[n® tijw sk{I´dn Uhe∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰v (As∏‚nIvkv

B bn¬) \evtI≠XmWv. DSaÿ\p e`n® s]¿an‰v {]Imcw

`qhnIk\w \SØnb tijw Hcp ]q¿ØoIcW k¿ n n°‰v

sk{I´dnbv°v ka¿∏n°Ww. ]q¿ØoIcW k¿´n^n°‰v

e`n®v 15 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ sk{I´dn Hcp hnIk\ k¿´n^n

°‰v \evtI≠XmWv. Aßs\ 15 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ hnIk\

k¿ n n°‰v e n°p∂ns√¶n¬ Aßs\ hnIk\ k¿ n n°‰v

e n®psh∂p IcpXn XpS¿{]h¿Ø\߃ DSabv°v kzoIcn°mw.

4. _n¬Unßv s]¿an‰v (sI´nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZw)

sI nS\n¿ΩmW A\paXnbv°mbn \n›nXt^md (As∏‚n

Ivkv A) Øn¬ GsXmcmfpw _‘s∏´ sk{I´dn°v At]£

ka¿∏n°Ww. At]£tbmsSm∏w sI´nSØns‚ πm≥,

semt°-j≥ πm≥, ssk‰v πm≥, ]m¿°nwKv πm≥, a‰p hyhÿIƒ

kw_‘n® ] nIIƒ F∂nhbpsS c≠p tIm∏nIƒ, DSaÿX

sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ, Ic-a-S® cko-Xv, At]£m^okv, πm≥

Xømdm°nb F≥Pn\obdpsS cPnkvt{Sj≥ k¿ n n°‰ns‚

tIm∏n F∂nhbpw D≠mIWw.

tI{μ˛kwÿm\ k¿°mcpIfpsS Nne hIp∏pIƒ°p

th≠nbp≈ sI´n-S-߃ ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn\p≈ πm\pIƒ

sk{I´dn°v ka¿∏n°W-sa-t∂-bp-≈q. A\p-hmZw Bh-iy-

an-√. GsXmcmfpw sI nSØn¬ \SØp∂ aqeyh¿≤\bn√mØ

Nne \n mc ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW߃°pw A\phmZw Bhiyan√.

4.1 ssk‰v πm\n¬ Fs¥ms° thWw?

_n¬Unßv s]¿an‰n\pff At]£tbmsSm∏w hbv°p∂

ssk‰v πm\n¬ ÿeØns‚ AXncpIƒ, sXm´SpØpff

tdmUns‚ ÿm\w, tπm n\SpØpff hgnbpsS t]cpw hoXnbpw,

tπm´n¬ \ne\nev°p∂ sI´nSßfpsS hnhc߃, hgnbpsS

AcnInemWv tπm v F¶n¬ hgnbpsS hoXn, sI nSØn\p ap≥]n¬

D≠mImhp∂ ÿew, hmbphpw shfn®hpw IS∂p t]mImhp∂

XcØn¬ sI´nSØn\p Np‰pw \ne\n¿Ønbn´pff ÿew,

]qt¥m´Øn\mbn \o°nsh® ÿew, I∂pImen∏pc, InW¿,

I°qkv XpSßnb A\p_‘ sI´nS߃, ssk‰ns‚ hS°p

Zni XpSßnb hnhc߃ 1:400 ¬ IpdbmØ Afhn¬ Xømdm°n

Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°Ww.

4.2 sI´nSØns‚ πm\n¬ F¥p thWw?

sI nSØns‚ F√m \neIfpsSbpw πm\pIfpw B vtfm¿

πm\n¬ apdnIfpsS hen∏w, Ib‰p]SnbpsSbpw, en v‰ns‚bpw,

InWdns‚bpw a‰pw ÿm\w, sI´nSØns‚ F√m ÿeØn

s‚bpw D]tbmKcoXn, t¢mk‰v, kn¶v, Ipfnapdn XpSßnbhbpsS

ÿm\w, apdnIfpsS Dbcw, ]mcs∏‰ns‚ I\w, sI´nSØn¬

D¥n \nev°p∂ LSIßfpsS AfhpIƒ, sSd ns‚ πm≥, Pew

Hen®pt]mIm\pff ]≤Xnbpw AXn\pff Ncnhpw, sI nSØns‚

vtfm¿ Gcnb, Im¿∏‰v Gcnb, hS°p Zni F∂nhbpw 1:100

Afhn¬ Xømdm°nb πm\n¬ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°Ww.

4.3 k¿Δokv πm\n¬ F¥p thWw?

k¿Δokv πm\n¬ kzImcy PehnXcW Agp°p \n¿Ωm¿

÷\ kwhn[m\ßfpsS hnhc߃ D≠mIWw.

4.4 ]m¿°nßv πm\n¬ F¥v thWw?

]m¿°nßn\v ÿew Dƒs∏SpØp∂psh¶n¬ ]m¿°nßv

πm≥ ssk‰v πm\ns‚ Afhn¬ IpdbmØ Afhn¬ Xøm

dm°pIbpw ]m¿°nßn\v \o°nsh®ncn°p∂ ÿeØns‚

hnhc߃ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°pIbpw thWw.

4.5 a‰p \n_‘\Iƒ

F√m πm\pIfpw cPntÿUv F≥Pn\ob¿ H∏n v km£y

s∏SpØnbh Bbncn°Ww.

H∂ne[nIw t]¿°mWv ÿesa¶n¬ F√mhcpsSbpw

H∏n Iq mb At]£ ka¿∏n°Ww. \nba]cambn A[nImc

s∏SpØnb Bƒ°pw At]£ ka¿∏n°mw.

5. At]£bn¬ A\phmZw \¬Ip∂ coXn

At]£ e`n®p Ign™m¬ sk{I´dn, ÿew kμ¿in

°pIbpw πm\pIfpw tcJIfpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw sNbvX

tijw \¬Inb hnhc߃ \nba߃°v A\pkcn®msW∂p

t_m[yw h∂m¬ ssk‰pw ssk‰v πm\pw AwKoIcn°pw.

AXn\ptijw sk{I´dn sI´nSØns‚ πm≥, Fenthj≥,

sI´nSØns‚ mK߃ F∂nh \nbam\pkrXamtWm F∂p

]cntim[n®v sI nSw \n¿Ωn°m\pff A\phmZw (As∏‚nIvkv

C bn¬) tcJmaqew \¬Ipw.

At]£bn¬ Fs¥¶nepw t`ZKXn hcptØ≠tXm

IqSpX¬ tcJItfmsS ka¿∏nt°≠tXm Ds≠¶n¬ B

hnhcw 10 Znhk߃°pffn¬ At]£Is\ sk{I´dn

tcJmaqew Adnbn°Ww. At]£bpw tcJIfpw ÿehpw

]cntim[n® tijw A\phmZw \¬Imhp∂Xs√¶n¬, sk{I´dn

31

]©m-bØv cmPv

A\phmZw \ntj[n®psIm≠pff IØv, \ntj[n°m\pff

ImcW߃ klnXw tcJmaqew At]£I\p \¬IWw.

5.1 Fs¥ms° ImcWßfm¬ A\phmZw \ntj[n°mw?

At]£tbmsSm∏w ka¿∏n®n´pff Imcy߃ sI´nS

\n¿ΩmW kw_‘amb GsX¶nepw \nbaßfpsStbm

N´ßfpsStbm hyhÿIƒ ewLn®n´ps≠¶ntem, At]

£bn¬ Bhiyamb F√m hnhcßfpw tcJIfpw ka¿∏n

®n´ns√¶ntem, th≠ coXnbne√ Xømdm°nbsX¶ntem,

AwKoIrX F≥Pn\ob¿ πm\pIfn¬ H∏v h®n´ns√¶ntem,

sk{I´dn Bhiys∏´ GsX¶nepw \nba]camb hnhc߃

\evInbn ns√¶ntem, sI nS ÿeØp \n∂pw s]mXphgnbnte°v

hgn Cs√¶ntem, sI´nSw \n¿Ωn°m\pt±in°p∂ ÿew

k¿°mcns‚tbm at‰m s]mXpÿew BsW¶ntem, k¿°m

cns‚ ÿesaSp°¬ \S]SnIfn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂ ÿe ØmWv

sI´nSw \n¿Ωn°m\pt±in°p∂sX¶ntem sk{I´dn°v

A\phmZw \ntj[n°mw.

5.2 F{X Znhk߃°pffn¬ At]£ AwKoIcn°Ww?

sk{I´dn At]£ e n® tijtam, Bhiys∏´ IqSpX¬

hnhc߃ e`n® tijtam 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ ssk‰v

πm≥ A\phZn®p \¬IpItbm ImcW߃ tcJs∏SpØn

A\phmZw \ntj[n°pItbm thWw.

ssk‰v πm≥ A\phZn®v \¬Inb tijw sI nS \n¿ΩmW

\n¿ΔlWØn\pff At]£ ka¿∏n®v As√¶n¬ Bhiy

amb A\p_‘ hnhc߃ \¬InbXn\p tijw 30 Znhk

Øn\pffn¬ sI´nS \n¿ΩmWw \SØm\pff A\phmZw

sk{I´dn \¬IWw. AXmbXv IrXyamb At]£ ka¿∏n®n

´ps≠¶n¬ 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ ssk‰vπm\pw XpS¿∂pff

30 ZnhkØn¬ _n¬Unßv πm\pw AwKoIcn®p \¬IWw.

6. sk{I´dn A\phmZw \¬Ip∂ns√¶n¬

{Kma]©mbØv A\phmZw \¬IWw

icnbmb At]£ sk{I´dnbv°v e n® tijw 30 Znhk߃

°pffn¬ ssk‰v πmt\m _n¬Unßv πmt\m, sk{I´dn AwKo

Icn°p∂ns√¶n¬ At]£Is‚ tcJmaqeapff At]£

A\pkcn®v ap≥kn∏¬ Iu¨kn¬/{Kma]©mbØv ssk‰v

πm\pw _n¬Unßv πm\pw AwKoIcn®p \¬Imhp∂XmtWm

A√tbm F∂v ASpØ 30 Znhk߃°pffn¬ Xocpam\n°m≥

_m[yÿamWv. \nba߃°pw hyhÿIƒ°pw A\pkrXamb

At]£bpw πm\pIfpw am{Xta Iu¨kn¬/{Kma]©mbØv

A\phZn°mhq. Aßs\bmsW¶n¬ A\phZn®p \¬IpIbpw

thWw.

Aßs\ Iu¨kn¬/{Kma ]©mbØv 30 Znhk߃°p

ffn¬ Xocpam\saSp°p∂ns√¶n¬ At]£I\v AwKoImcw

e n®psh∂p IcpXn \nba߃ F√mw ]men®psIm≠v sI nS

\n¿ΩmWw \SØmw. B sI nS\n¿ΩmWw \SØp∂Xv \nba

߃ F√mw A\pkcn®msW¶n¬ AXns\ AwKoIrX sI nS

\n¿ΩmWambn IW°m°pIbpw sNøpw. B¿°pw XSbm≥

t]mepw A[nImcan√.

sI nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZØn\v km[mcWKXnbn¬ aq∂p

h¿jsØ ImessZ¿LyamWpffXv. A\phmZw Xocp∂

XobXn°p apºmsW¶n¬ aq∂ph¿jw hoXw c≠p{]mhiyw

Ah At]£ \¬In \n¿ΩmW Imebfhv \o´mhp∂XmWv.

A\phmZw Ahkm\n®v Hcp h¿jØn\p tijamWv At]

£n°p∂sX¶n¬ aq∂ph¿j Imebfhnte°v Hcn°¬ am{Xw

]pXp°mhp∂XmWv.

7. \n¿Ωn°ptºmƒ GsX¶nepw am‰w hcpØW

sa¶n¬ ]pXp°nb A\phmZw tXSWw

sI´nS\n¿ΩmWw \S∂p sIm≠ncn°ptºmƒ DSaÿ≥

sI´nSØns‚ πm\n¬ Fs¥¶nepw hyXnbm\w hcpØp∂p

sh¶n¬, hyXnbm\w tcJs∏SpØnb πm\pIfpambn ]pXnb

At]£ka¿∏n®v ]pXp°nb sI´nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZw

hmßWw. Cu N´ßfnse hyhÿIƒ ewLn°mØ \n mc

am‰ßƒ°v ]pXp°nb A\phmZw hmtß≠Xn√. sI nSØns‚

aqeyw h¿≤n∏n°msX AXns\ AtX]Sn \ne\n¿Øns°m≠v

AtX kz mhhpw aqeyhpapff hkvXp°ƒ D]tbmKn®psIm≠v

AXns‚ ÿm\hpw AfhpIfpw am‰msX A‰Ip‰∏WnIƒ

\SØm≥ DSaÿ\v AhImiap≠v.

sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZw C√msXbpw N´ßƒ°v hncp≤

ambpw Kuchamb am‰ßƒ hcpØnbm¬, sk{I´dn B \n¿ΩmW

]WnIƒ AwKoIrX πm\n\pw N´ßƒ°pw A\pkrXambn

am‰Wsa∂pw, am‰p∂ns√¶n¬ AXn\pff ImcW߃

Adnbn°Wsa∂pw ImWn®v t\m´okv \¬IpIbpw Abmƒ°v

ImcW߃ \evIm\ns√¶n¬ B \n¿ΩmWw Abmƒ \nba

߃°\pkrXam°n am‰pIbpw thWw. icnbmb ImcW߃

\evIp∂psh¶n¬ sk{I´dn \evInb t\m´okv d±m°pItbm

\evInb hniZoIcWØns‚ \ymb߃ ]cntim[n®v t`ZKXn

sNbvXp \S∏m°pItbm sNøWw. sX‰mbn \¬Inb Hcp s]¿an‰v

sk{I´dnbv°v Ft∏mƒ thWsa¶nepw ]n≥hen°mw.

8. \nbahncp≤ \n¿ΩmW߃ s]mfn®p IfbWw

sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZØn\p hncp≤amtbm \nba߃

A\pkcn°mØtXm Bb \n¿ΩmW{]h¿Ø\߃ sk{I´

dnbv°v t_m[ys∏ m¬, AXps]mfn®pIfbWsa∂ Xm¬°menI

DØchpw B DØchv ÿncs∏SpØmXncn°m≥ ImcWap

s≠¶n¬ AXv t_m[n∏n°Wsa∂v hy‡am°p∂ Hcp ImcWw

ImWn°¬ t\m´okpw AXphsc ]Wn\n¿Ønhbv°Wsa∂

\n¿t±ihpw sk{I´dn \¬IWw.

DSa ImcW߃ hniZoIcn°p∂psh¶n¬ Ah ]cntim[n®

tijw DNnXamb Xocpam\saSp°Ww. DSa ImcWw ImWn°p

∂n√msb¶n¬ \nbahncp≤ \n¿ΩmW߃ s]mfn®pIfbm

\pff sk{I´dnbpsS DØchv ÿncs∏SpØpIbpw B mK߃

s]mfn®pIfbpIbpw AXns‚ sNehv DSabn¬ \n∂pw CuSm

°pIbpw thWw. A\phmZan√mØtXm \nbahncp≤tam Bb

GXp ]Wnbpw \n¿Ønshbv°Wsa∂v sk{I´dn°v \n¿t±

in°mw. IqSmsX a\pjy Poh\v A]ISIcamb GXp ]Wnbpw

GXp kabØpw sk{I´dnbv°v XSbmw.

32

]©m-bØv cmPv

A\phmZtam N´ßtfm ewLn®p \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Ønbm

°nb sI nSßfpw s]mfn®pIfbm≥ sk{I´dn \S]Sn kzoIcn

°Ww. A\phmZan√msX ]WnX sI´nSw \nbaw ewLn®n´n

s√¶n¬ AXp {Iah¬°cn°m\pw hyhÿbp≠v. \nbahncp≤

\n¿ΩmW߃ s]mfn®pIfbm≥ sk{I´dn°v t]meokns‚

klmbw tXSmw.

9. \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Ønbmbm¬ sk{I´dnsb Adnbn°Ww

sI´nSw \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Ønbmbm¬ ]q¿ØoIcW k¿´n

n°‰v DSabpw AwKoIrX F≥Pn\obdpw H∏n v sk{I´dn°v

ka¿∏n°Ww. sk{I´dn \n¿ΩmWsØ°pdn®v t_m[ys∏´

tijw Hcp Hm°p∏≥kn k¿ n n°‰v (Occupancy certificate)15 ZnhkØn\Iw DSabv°v \¬Ipw. Aßs\ DSabv°v

k¿´n^n°‰v 15 ZnhkØn\Iw e`n®ns√¶n¬, AXp e`n®

Xmbn IW°m°n DSabv°v \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mw.

Pohnbv°m≥ A]ISIca√mØ XcØn¬ \n¿ΩmWw

]q¿Ønbmb GXp L´Ønepw sk{I´dnbv°v At]£ \¬In

Hm°p∏≥kn k¿ n n°‰v GsXmcmƒ°pw Icÿam°mw.

10. sI´nS\n¿ΩmWØn¬ th≠ {][m\ \n_‘\Iƒ

hnk¿÷yhkvXp°fpw N∏pNhdpIfw \nd™ HcnSØv

sI nSw \n¿Ωn®pIqSm. Ipgnbpw Izmdnbpw a‰papff A\pNnXamb

ÿeØv sI´nSw \n¿Ωn°cpXv. shffs∏m°Øn¬ apßn

t∏mImhp∂tXm, shffw hm¿∂pt]mImØtXm, 45 Un{Knbn¬

IqSpX¬ Ncn™v \nev°p∂tXm Hen®p t]mImhp∂ aÆpfftXm,

Bb ÿeØv sI´nS\n¿ΩmWw ]mSn√. XoctZi\nbaw

]men°s∏tS≠bnSØv AXp ewLn®v sI nSw \n¿Ωn®pIqSm.

CeIv{Snkn‰n \nbaßfn¬ ]d™n pff hyhÿIƒ A\pkcn®v

sse\pIƒ°pXmsg sI´nSw ]mSn√mØbnSØv sI´nSw

\n¿Ωn®pIqSm. a\pjyhmkØn\mbpff GXp apdnbpw ]pd

tØt°m ]pdtØ°pff Xpd mb ÿetØt°m Xpd°p

∂Xmbncn°Ww.

]Øp ao‰¿ hsc Dbcapff GXp sI nSØn\pw ap≥hiØv

3 ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw ]pdIphiØv 2 ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw HcphiØv

1.20 ao‰dpw adphiØv 1 ao‰dpw ap‰w D≠mbncn°Ww. Ggpao‰¿

Dbcapff sI nSØn\v ]pdIphiØv icmicn 1.5 ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw

hmXnepIƒ Cs√¶n¬ ]pdIphiØv 75 sk‚n ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw

Hcp hiØv 1.20 ao‰dpw adphiØv 75 sk‚nao‰dpw ap‰w D≠m

bncn°Ww. Nne kmlNcyßfn¬ ap‰Øns‚ ta¬∏d™

Afhn¬ Nne hyXnbm\߃ hcpØm≥ N´ßfn¬ hyhÿ

bp≠v.

a\pjyhmkapffXpw ]pdtØ°p Xpd°mØXpamb GXp

apdnbn¬ \n∂pw AIØv Cdßm\pff sXm SpØ apdnbpsS hoXn

2.4 ao‰sd¶nepw D≠mbncn°Ww. 7 ao‰¿ hsc Dbcapff sI nS

Øn\v CXv 1.5 ao‰¿ Bbmepw aXn.

sI´nSw \n¬°p∂ `qanbn¬ shffw In\n™ndßp∂

aÆpffXmsW¶n¬ agshffw B aÆn¬ Cdßm≥ ]mIØn¬

tπm´ns‚ B mK߃ \ne\n¿ØWw. sI´nSw \n¬°p∂

`qanbpsS AXncpIƒ°v shfnbnte°v sI´nSw H´pw Xffn

\nev°m≥ ]mSn√.

aq∂pao‰dntesd GItZi hoXnbpff GXp tdmUnt\mSp

tN¿∂pff hoSpIfpw tdmUns‚ a[yØn¬\n∂pw 4.5 ao‰dpw

kz¥w AXncn¬ \n∂pw aq∂p ao‰dpw AIeØnte ]Wnbmhq.

aq∂p ao‰¿ hsc hoXnbpff \S∏phgnIfpsS AcnInepff

sI´nS߃°v sI´nSØns‚ Dbcw 7 ao‰dn¬ IpdhmsW¶n¬

kz¥w AXncn¬ \n∂pw 2 ao‰¿ AIew ]men®ncn°Ww.

10.1 aq∂pao‰¿ hn´v hoSv ]WnbWw

tZiob˛tÉv sslthIƒ, ap≥kn∏men‰n {Kma]©mbØv

F∂nh {]Jym]n® tdmUpIfpsS hißfn¬ Dff tπm´pI

fnse hoSpIƒ B tπm´ns‚ AXncn¬ \n∂pw aq∂pao‰¿

AIeØnembncn°Ww. F∂m¬ ta¬∏d™ aq∂p ao‰dn

\pffnte°v k¨tjUv 75 sk‚nao‰¿ D¥n\nev°mhp∂XmWv.

B ÿeØns‚ AXncn¬ Xs∂ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS Np‰paXn¬

]Wnbp∂Xn\pw XS an√. B aq∂pao‰dn\pffn¬ sXcphn¬

\n∂pw sI nSØnte°pff {]thi\am¿§ambn ]Sns° pItfm

dmºpItfm \n¬°mhp∂XmWv.

10.2 sI´nSØns‚ `mKßsf kw_‘n® hnhc߃

F√m sI´nSßfnepw hm´¿ t¢mk‰v Hs∂¶nepw D≠mbn

cn°Ww. IpfnapdnbpsS hnkvXo¿Æw 1.5 NXpc{iao‰sd¶nepw

thWw. AXns‚ Hcp hiw 1 ao‰dpw. Ipfn apdnbpw I°qkpw

H∂n®pffXmsW¶n¬ 2.2 NXpc{iao‰dpw Hcp hiw 1.1 ao‰dpw

thWw. Dbcw 2.20 ao‰dpw thWw.

hcm¥bpsStbm CS\mgnbpsStbm {]thi\ hgnbpsStbm

hoXn G‰hpw Ipd™Xv 1 ao‰sd¶nepw thWw. hoSmsW¶n¬

s]mXpP\mtcmKyw, kpc£nXXzw, s]mXpt£aw F∂nh e£yam°n Ncn{XmXoXImew apX¬,IrXyambn ]d™m¬ BC1800˛se tImUv Hm v lapdm_n apX¬, Ct∂mfw ]ecq]ßfn¬ ]men®ph∂ sI´nS\n¿ΩmW \nb{¥W߃, \Kc kz`mhtØmsS hfcp∂ \ΩpsS {Kmaßfnepw \S∏m°m\mcw`n°p∂ BZyL´Øn¬ H´\h[n k¶o¿ÆXIƒ t\cntS≠n hcpw. B k¶o¿ÆXIƒ Ipdbv°m\pff Ffp∏hgn Cu N´ßfpsS kmcmwiw _‘s∏´h¿ ]Tn°pIbmWv. Nne IW°pIƒDs≠¶nepw Cu N´ßƒ Hcp \nbaJWvUamsW∂pw F≥Pn\obdnßv Imcyßfs√∂pw DffAht_m[tØmsS kao]n®m¬ ]T\w Ffp∏amhpw. F√mhcpw Imcy߃ {Kln®m¬ DtZymKÿcpsSCu cwKsØ AgnaXn km[yX Ipdbpw. As√¶n¬ AgnaXnbpsS as‰mcp ]®XpcpØmIpw Cu cwKw.

33

]©m-bØv cmPv

]pdtØm´pff hmXnen\v G‰hpw Ipd™Xv 75 sk‚nao‰¿

hoXnbp≠mbncn°Ww. A√mØ ÿeßfn¬ 1.2 ao‰dpw thWw.

Xmakn°mhp∂ F√m apdnIfnepw hmbphpw {]Imihpw

IS∂p t]mIp∂Xn\pth≠n \mjW¬ _n¬Unßv tImUv

1983˛¬ ]d™n´pfft]mse BhiyØn\p hmXmb\ßtfm

Zzmcßtfm thWw. ASp°fbn¬ ]pIbpw NqSpff hmbphpw

]pdØpt]mIm\pff kwhn[m\w thWw.

Ipfnapdnbnepw I°qknepw BhiyØn\p shfn®hpw

hmbphpw IS°pIbpw ]pdtØ°pff hmbp t]mImhp∂ hn[w

Hcp hmbp \n¿§a\ sh‚nte‰¿ ÿm]n°pIbpw thWw.

12 hkXnIfn¬ IqSpXepff dknU≥jy¬ tπm´pIƒ°v

Hcp hnt\mZÿew BhiyamWv.

aq∂ne[nIw \nebpff hoSpIƒ, Bip]{XnIƒ, temUvPp

Iƒ, hym]mcÿm]\߃ F∂nhbv°v H´\h[n {]tXyI

\n_‘\Iƒ ]men°m\p≠v.

10.3 sI´nSßfn¬ agshff kw`cWn thWw

100 N.ao‰dn¬ IqSnbXpw 200 N.ao‰¿ ÿeØp \nev°p

∂Xpamb hmkKrl߃ Dƒs∏sSbpff H´\h[n sI´nS

߃°pw agshff kw`cWhpw Ir{Xnaamb qPe ]cnt]mjW

kwhn[m\hpw sI´nSØns‚ mKambn \n¿Ωn°Ww. Ah

C√msX A\paXn e n°n√.

11. sNdnb tπm´pIfnse sI´nS߃

125 NXpc{iao‰dn¬ IhnbmØ tπm´pIfnse 3 \neIfn¬

IhnbmØ sI nS߃°v Nne CfhpIƒ A\phZn®n p≠v.

tZiob˛kwÿm\ sslthIƒ ap≥kn∏men‰n {]Jym

]n®n´pff tdmUpIƒ F∂nh Hgn®pff tdmUpIfpsS mKØv

kz¥w AXncn¬ \n∂pw 2 ao‰¿ aXnbmIpw. ]s£ Su¨πm\nßv

kvIow Fs¥¶nepw \nehneps≠¶n¬ AXns‚ \n_‘\

Iƒ sNdnb tπm´n\pw _m[IamIpw. ap≥hiØpff ap‰w 1.80

ao‰¿ D≠mbncn°Ww. hißfn¬ 90 sk.ao, as‰mcp hiØv 60

sk.ao, ]pdIphiØv G‰hpw Ipd™Xv .5 ao‰¿ BImhp∂

XcØn¬ icmicn 1 ao‰¿ hoXn thWw. a‰p sI´nS߃°p

]men°s∏tS≠ tdmUns‚ a≤yØn¬ \n∂pff AIew,

{]thi\ tdmUns‚ hoXn, sse‰nßv, sh‚ntej≥ XpSßnb

Imcyßfn¬ CØcw sI nS߃°v Cfhp≠v.

12. Np‰paXnepw thenbpw

s]mXphgnbpsStbm Peam¿§Øns‚tbm mKsØ Np‰paXn¬

_‘s∏´ sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZan√msX ]WnXpIqSm.

]pXp°n∏Wnbm\pw A\phmZw thWw. tK‰pw {Kn√pw s]mXp

hgnbntet°m ASpØ hkvXphntet°m Xpd°m≥ ]mSn√.

shff t]∏dn¬ FgpXn tIm¿ v okv Ãmºv ]Xn∏n® At]£

bmWv aXn¬ \n¿ΩmW A\paXn°mbn ka¿∏nt°≠Xv.

At]£tbmsSm∏w qanbpsS DSaÿX sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ,

hniZamb ssk‰vπm≥, aXn¬ \n¿Ωn°m≥ D]tbmKs∏Sp

Øp∂ hkvXphns‚ hnhchpw s]¿an‰v okpw ka¿∏n°Ww.

At]£ e`n®v 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ s]¿an‰v \¬IWw. Hcp

h¿jamWv A\phmZØns‚ Imemh[n. ]WnIgn™v

]Wn Xo¿∂ XobXn tcJs∏SpØnb \n¿ΩmW \n¿ΔlW

dnt∏m¿ v DSaÿ≥ sk{I´dn°v ka¿∏n°pIbpw thWw.

13. aq∂pao‰¿ ]cn[n ]cn]men°mØ sI´nSßfn¬

c≠mw \ne \n¿Ωn°p∂Xv kw_‘n®v

2000 am¿®v 30˛\p apºv \ne\nev°p∂Xpw tdmUcnIn¬

\n∂pw 3 ao‰¿ ]cn[n]men°mØXpamb sI´nSßfn¬

H∂masØtXm c≠masØtXm \ne XmgsØ \nebpsS

tdmUn\SpØpff Afhp ]men®psIm≠pw B \nebpsS samØw

hym]vXnbn¬ A[nIamImsXbpw ]Wnbp∂Xn\v XS an√.

F∂m¬ ap≥]v \ne\nev°p∂ XmgsØ \nebn¬ 3 ao‰¿ ]cn[n

kw_‘n® hyhÿ ]men®psIm≠v tImWn∏Sn ]Wnbm≥

am{Xta A\paXnbpffq. sI´nSw \nev°p∂ tπm´ns‚ \mep

hiØpw icmicn 60 sk.ao (a‰p Nnehn`mKw sI´nS߃°v

1 ao‰dpw) hoXw ÿew D≠mbncn°pIbpw thWw. 1 ao‰¿

hiapffnStØ apIƒ \nebn¬ hmXn¬ hbv°m≥ ]mSpffq. 60

sk.ao‰dn¬ Ipdhpff mKtØ°v P\meIfpw ]mSn√.

ta¬∏d™ sI´nSßfn¬ ta¬°qcbpw j´dpIfpw

hmXnepIfpw am‰p∂Xn\pw \nbaw A\phZn°p∂p. \nehnepff

sI´nSßfn¬ Iq´nt®¿Øv ]WnbWsa¶n¬ _n¬Unßv

dqƒknse F√m hyhÿIfpw ]men®ncn°Ww.

14. InW¿ Ipgnbv°¬

sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZw C√msX ]pXnb InW¿ Ipgn

bv°m≥ ]mSn√. InW¿ Ipgnbv°m≥ Dt±in°p∂ Bƒ

ssk‰vπm\pw ÿeØns‚ DSaÿX sXfnbn°p∂ tcJbpw

klnXw sk{I´dnbv°v At]£ ka¿∏n°Ww. sk]v‰n°v

Sm¶n¬ \n∂pw 7.5 ao‰¿ AIeØnembncn°Ww InW¿ Ipgn

bvt°≠Xv. InWdns‚ Np‰pw NpSpI sIm≠v Hcp ao‰¿ DbcØn¬

kwc£W`nØn sI´Ww. InW¿ Ipgnbv°m\pff A\phmZ

Øn\v c≠ph¿jtØ°mbncn°pw km[pX. InW¿ Ipgn®Xn\p

tijw AXp Ipgn® XobXn tcJs∏SpØnb Hcp \n¿ΔlW

dnt∏m¿ v DSaÿ≥ sk{I´dnbv°v ka¿∏n°Ww.

15. IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°p∂Xn\pff hyhÿIƒ

sk{I´dnbpsS A\paXntbmSp IqSn am{Xta GsXmcmfpw Hcp

IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°m≥ ]mSpffq. achpw sNfnbpw CeIfpw ta®n¬

hkvXp°fpw sIm≠p \n¿Ωn°p∂XmWv IpSn¬. tZiob˛

kwÿm\˛ap\nkn∏¬/{Kma]©mbØv {]Jym]nX tdmUpI

fn¬ \n∂pw 3 ao‰dpw AX√mØ tdmUpIfn¬ \n∂pw 1 ao‰dpw

AIew ]men®p am{Xta IpSnepIƒ \n¿Ωn°m≥ ]mSpffq.

IpSnens‚ F√m hißfnepw 60 sk.ao AIew AXncpIfn¬

\n∂pw D≠mIWw.

IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°m≥ As√¶n¬ ]p\¿\n¿Ωn°m≥ Xmev]

cyapff Bƒ shfft]∏dn¬ tIm¿´v ^okv Ãmºv ]Xn®

At]£ ssk‰v πm\pw DSaÿmhImiw ÿm]n°p∂ tcJbpw

At]£m okpw klnXw sk{I´dnbv°v ka¿∏n°Ww.

34

]©m-bØv cmPv

14 ZnhkØn\Iw sk{I´dn A\phmZw \¬IWw. 14 Znhk

߃°p tijw IpSn¬ \n¿ΩmW A\phmZw e`n®ns√¶n¬,

At]£I\v ap≥kn∏¬ Iu¨kn¬/{Kma ]©mbØnt\mSv

A\phmZØn\mbn At]£n°mhp∂Xpw B At]£bn¬

A\phmZw \¬IWtam th≠tbm F∂v Iu¨kn¬/{Kma

]©mbØv Xocpam\saSp°m≥ _m[yÿhpamWv. Iu¨kn¬/

As√¶n¬ {Kma]©mbØv 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ Aßs\ B

At]£bn¬ Xocpam\saSp°p∂ns√¶n¬ At]£I\v \nbaw

]men®psIm≠v IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°mhp∂XmWv. IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn

°m\pff A\phmZw sk{I´dn \ntj[n°p∂psh¶n¬ B

\ntj[°pdn∏n¬ ImcWßfpw tcJs∏SpØnbncn°Ww.

IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°m\pff A\phmZØn\p Ime]cn[n c≠p

h¿jamWv. IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn® tijw DSaÿ≥ sI nSw \n¿Ωn®

XobXn tcJs∏SpØnb \n¿ΔlW dnt∏m¿ v sk{I´dn°p

ka¿∏n°Ww.

16. Nne \n¿ΩmW߃ sk{I´dnbv°v AwKoIrXam°mw

sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZan√msXbmW,v A\phmZtØmsS

am{Xw Bcw`nt°≠nbncp∂, Nne \n¿ΩmW߃ Bcw`n®

sX¶nepw B \n¿ΩmWØn¬ \nba߃ ewLn°s∏´n´n

s√¶n¬ sk{I´dnbv°v Ah {Iah¬°cn®p \¬Imhp∂XmWv.

F∂m¬ AwKoImcan√msX Bcw n°p∂ GXp \n¿ΩmWhpw

XStb≠Xv sk{I´dnbpsS NpaXebmWv.

A\phmZw C√msX \n¿Ωn®Xn\v AwKoImcw e`n°p∂

Xn\v, km[mcWKXnbn¬ A\phmZØn\mbn At]£n°p

tºmƒ Bhiyamb F√m tcJIfpw klnXw At]£n

°Ww. sk{I´dn ]pXnb Hcp A\phmZØn¬ Xocpam\saSp°pw

t]mse Cu At]£bnepw Xocpam\saSp°Ww. sk{I´dn,

A\phmZan√msX ]WnX B sI nSØn\v AwKoImcw \evIp

∂n√msb¶n¬ AXns\ A\[nIrX sI´nSambn ]cnKWn®v

s]mfn®p Ifbm≥ \n¿t±iw \evIWw. DSa A\phmZan√msX

]WnXXpw sk{I´dn s]mfn®pIfbm≥ \n¿t±in®Xpamb

sI´nSw s]mfn®pIfbp∂n√msb¶n¬ sk{I´dn AXp

s]mfn®pIftb≠Xpw AXn\pff sNehv DSabn¬ \n∂pw

CuSmt°≠XpamWv. sk{I´dnbv°v sI´nS DSabv°v FXnsc

t{]mknIyqj\p t]mbpw XpS¿\S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mw.

17. sk{I´dnbpsS \S]SnIfn¬ A∏o¬ t]mImw

sI nS \n¿ΩmW kw_‘ambn sk{I´dn \¬Ip∂ GXp

DØchpIƒ°psaXnsc AXr]vXnbpffh¿°v A∏o¬ \¬Imw.

sI´nSÿew AwKoIcn°pI, sI´nS\n¿ΩmWw A\p

hZn°pI, \n¿ΩmWØn¬ am‰w hcpØm\mhiys∏SpI, sI nSw

s]mfn°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI, ]Wn \n¿Øn hbv°m≥ Bhiy

s∏SpI F∂o Imcyßfn¬ sk{I´dnbpsS DØchn\v FXnsc

ss{S_qWen¬ t\cn v A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°mw. sk{I´dnbpsS a‰v

DØchpIƒ°v FXnsc cWkanXnbn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n

°Ww. ap≥kn∏men‰ntbm {Kma]©mbtØm FSp°p∂ Xocpam\

߃°v FXnsc ss{S_qWen¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°mw.

30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°Ww.

18. Cu Ipdn∏n¬ hnhcn®n n√mØ kp{][m\hyhÿIƒ

_lp\ne sI nSßfpsS kpc£mkwhn[m\ßsf°pdn®pw,

samss_¬ t^mWpIƒ°pff sSenIΩyqWnt°j≥ Sh¿

ÿm]n°p∂Xns\°pdn®pw, ss]XrI sI´nS߃ kwc£n

°p∂Xns\ kw_‘n®pw, sI nS \n¿ΩmW πm\pIƒ Xømdm°p

Ibpw AwKoIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂ F≥Pn\ob¿amsc cPnÿ

sNøp∂Xns\ kw_‘n®pw sk{I´dn k¿°mcn\p \evtI≠

dnt∏m¿ pIsf°pdn®pw, A\[nIrX \n¿ΩmWw XSbm≥ th≠n

kzoIcnt°≠ hnPne≥kv kvIzmUv Dƒs∏sSbpff kwhn

[m\ßsf°pdn®pw, sI nS \n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ ewLn®mepff

]ngsb°pdn®pw tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ _n¬Unßv dqƒkns‚ hnhn[

A[ymbßfn¬ hnhcn®n p≠v. Ah CXn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn n√.

19. D]kwlmcw

s]mXpP\mtcmKyw, kpc£nXXzw, s]mXpt£aw F∂nh

e£yam°n Ncn{XmXoXImew apX¬, IrXyambn ]d™m¬

BC1800˛se tImUv Hm v lapdm_n apX¬, Ct∂mfw ]ecq]

ßfn¬ ]men®ph∂ sI´nS\n¿ΩmW \nb{¥W߃, \Kc

kz`mhtØmsS hfcp∂ \ΩpsS {Kmaßfnepw \S∏m°m\m

cw n°p∂ BZyL´Øn¬ H´\h[n k¶o¿ÆXIƒ t\cntS≠n

hcpw. B k¶o¿ÆXIƒ Ipdbv°m\pff Ffp∏hgn Cu N´ß

fpsS kmcmwiw _‘s∏´h¿ ]Tn°pIbmWv. Nne IW°pIƒ

Ds≠¶nepw Cu N´ßƒ Hcp \nbaJWvUamsW∂pw F≥Pn

\obdnßv Imcyßfs√∂pw Dff Aht_m[tØmsS kao]n

®m¬ ]T\w Ffp∏amhpw. a\ ncpØn hmbn®m¬ B¿°pw

a\ nemImØsXm∂pw CXnen√. F√mhcpw Imcy߃

{Kln®m¬ DtZymKÿcpsS Cu cwKsØ AgnaXn km[yX

Ipdbpw. As√¶n¬ AgnaXnbpsS as‰mcp ]®XpcpØmIpw

Cu cwKw. GXmbmepw tZmjßsf AXnPohnbv°p∂ KpW

KW߃ Dff H∂mWv sI nS\n¿ΩmW \nb{¥Ww. ���$

\n¿ΩmWw Bcw- n® sI´nS߃°vA\p-aXn thtWm?

{Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ sI´nS \n¿ΩmW N -߃ \S-

∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ Xd-\n-c-∏n\p apI-fn-te-°v sI´nS

\n¿ΩmWw Bcw-`n-®n-´n-√mØ F√m sI´n-S-߃°pw

sk{I-´dn-bpsS A\p-aXn hmßn-tb \n¿ΩmWw \S-

Øm≥ ]mSp≈q. \n¿ΩmWw Ign-™Xpw CXp-hsc \º¿

e`n-®n- n-√m-Ø-Xp-amb sI´n-S-Øn\v okv _m[-I-am-bn-

cn-°pw. mKn-I-ambn \n¿Ωn® sI´n-S-߃°v kpc-£m-

kw-hn-[m-\-ßfpw ]m¿°nwKv ÿehpw ag-sh≈

sImbvØv kwhn-[m-\hpw G¿∏mSv sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.

\n¿ΩmWØn-en-cn-°p∂ sI´n-S-ß-fn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw

t`Z-KXn hcp-Øp∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]pXnb s]¿an‰v Bh

iyamWv.

35

]©m-bØv cmPv

A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥knIƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p∂]Wn-I-fpsS \S-]-Sn-{Iaw ]cn-jv°-cn-®p

tIcf k¿°m¿kw{Klw

Xt±i kzbw cW hIp∏v Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-߃ A{I-

Un‰v GP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv ]Wn-I-fpsS \n¿Δ-

lWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ ]cn-jvI-cn®v DØ-chv

]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂p.

Xt±-i kz-bw- -cW (Un.F) hIp∏v

k.D(Fw.-Fkv)-\w. 133/07/Xkz- h.

XobXn, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, 18˛05˛2007

]cm-a¿iw: 1. k.D. (]n) \w. 216/97/ X`h; XobXn 23.09.1997

2. k.D (Fw.Fkv) \w. 254/97/X`h, XobXn 12.11.1997

3. k.D (Fw.Fkv) \w. 68/98 X`h, XobXn 21.03.1998

4. k.D (]n) \w. 21/99/X`h, XobXn 28.01.1999

5. k.D (]n) \w. 135/99/X`h, XobXn 06.07.1999

6. k.D (Fw.-F-kv) \w. 47/2001/πm\nw-Kv, XobXn

28.11.2001

7. k¿°p-e¿ \w 13527/Un.]n 1/03/Xkz- h, XobXn

19.3.2003

8. k.D (B¿.Sn) \w. 4288/04/Xkz- h, XobXn 14.12.04

9. k.D (B¿.Sn) \w. 856/05/Xkz- h, XobXn 5.3.05

DØ-chv

]c-ma¿iw H∂v, c≠v F∂nh {]Imcw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® tIcf

]©m-bØv cmPv (s]mXp-a-cm-aØv ]Wn-I-fpsS \S-Øn∏v) N -ß-

sfbpw tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n (s]mXp-a-cm-aØv ]Wn-I-fpsS \S-

Øn∏pw km[-\-߃ hmßepw) N -ß-sfbpw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n

k¿°m¿ Nne ÿm]-\-ßsf/k¿°m-cn-Xc kwL-S-\-Isf/te_¿

tIm¨{SmIv‰v kl-I-cW kwL-ßsf Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-

fpsS s]mXp-am-c-aØv {]hr-Øn-Iƒ \n¿Δ-lWw \SØp-∂-Xn-\p≈

A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-I-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-®n- p≠v. emt`— IqSmsX

{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw kmº-Øn-I-£-a-X-bp-≈Xpw {]h¿Øn-]-cn-

Nb-ap-≈-Xp-amb ÿm]-\-߃/kwL-S-\-Iƒ/kwL-߃°mWv

A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬Ip-∂Xv. C{]-Imcw AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip∂

A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\, Xt±-i- cW ÿm]\-߃

s]mXp-a-cm-aØv {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS \n¿Δ-lWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]cm

a¿i-Ønse 3,4,5,6,7,9 F∂nh {]Imcw \n›-bn-®n-cp∂ \S-]-Sn-{Ia-

߃ NphsS hnh-cn-°p∂ {]Imcw ]cn-jvI-cn®v DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-

Sp-hn-°p∂p.

1. Hcp ÿm]-\-Øn\v/kwL-S-\bv°v/kwL-Øn\v A{I-Un-t‰-

j≥ \¬In-sIm≠v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ DØ-c-hn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-

´p≈ C\w {]hr-Øn-Iƒ am{Xta B ÿm]\w/kwL-S\/

kwLw aptJ\ \n¿Δ-lWw \S-Øm≥ ]mSp≈p. Nne GP≥kn-

I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Nne {]tZ-i-߃°v/Pn√bv°v am{X-am-bmWv

A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬In-bn- p-≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ {]hr-Øn-bpsS

\n¿Δ-l-W-Np-a-Xe Cu DØ-c-hnse \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ {]Imcw

Hcp A{I-Un‰v GP≥knsb G¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv _‘-s∏´

GP≥kn°v Xß-fpsS Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-

Iƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A{I-Un-t‰-tj≥ e`n-®n- p-s≠∂v

Dd∏p hcp-ØWw.

2. em`w A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\mepw bYm¿∞ aqeyw (actualcost) am{Xta sNe-h-gn-°m≥ ]mSp≈p F∂-Xn-\mepw Icm-dp-

Im-cs‚ em -hn-lnXw IqSm-sX-bmWv FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xv.

F∂m¬ aqey-h¿[nX \nIpXn (Value Addex Tax), BZmb

\nIpXn (Income Tax), a‰p \nIp-Xn-Iƒ, \n¿Ωm-W-sXm-gn-emfn

t£a-\n[n hnln-Xw, amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v, FÃn-ta‰v Xøm

-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]Xn- ew (A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW-¶n¬ am{Xw)

apX-emb sNe-hp-Iƒ°p≈ XpI FÃn-ta-‰n¬ {]tXyIw ImWn-

®n-cn-°Ww. {]m_-ey-Øn-ep≈ \nc-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw Xømdm-

°p∂ FÃn-ta‰v XpIbv°v ]pd-sa-bmWv (over and aboveestimates as per rates in vogue) Cu sNe-hp-Iƒ°p≈ XpI

hI-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv.

3. FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°¬

(a) Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-߃°v th≠n ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n- p≈

s]mXp-a-cm-aØv N -ß-fnse hyh-ÿ-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n

-bm-bn-cn-°Ww πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v apX-em-bh Xøm-dm-

t°-≠Xv. k¿°m¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \n›-bn-°p∂ \nc-°p-

I-fmWv (schedule of rates) FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v

Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠Xv.

(b) \n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃, tImÃvt^m¿Uv, lm_n-‰m‰v sSIvt\m-

fPn {Kq∏v XpS-ßnb FP≥kn-I-fpsS X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy

(alternate technology) D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-

Iƒ°v, Cu GP≥kn-Iƒ \n›-bn-®n- p≈ Um‰m-bpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]kvXpX GP≥kn-I-fpsS Xs∂ Ãm≥tU¿Upw,

kvs]kn- n-t°-j\pw A\p-k-cn®v FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°m-hp-∂-

XmWv. F∂m¬ BsI aXn∏v sNehv, s]mXp-a-cm-aØv hIp∏v

\n›-bn-®n- p≈ am\-Zfi-ßfpw \n_-‘-\-Ifpw A\p-k-cn®v

Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂ FÃvta‰v XpI-sb-°mƒ A[n-I-

am-I-cpXv.

(c) X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-

I-fpsS πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v apX-em-bh _‘-s∏´

FP≥kn-I-fpsS F©n-\ob¿am¿°pw Xøm-dm-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

F∂m¬ a‰v {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-

\-Øns‚ F©n-\o-b¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Ch Xøm-dm-

t°≠Xv.

4. kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn:-

s]mXp-a-cm-aØv {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn hmßp-∂-

Xn\v k¿°m¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \n›-bn-°p∂ s]mXp-hmb

\S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ A{I-Un-‰Uv FP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\ \n¿Δ-lWw

\S-Øp∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°pw _m[-I-am-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬

\n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃, tImÃvt^m¿Uv, lm_n-‰m‰v sSIvt\m-fPn

{Kq∏v XpS-ßnb GP≥kn-I-fpsS X\Xv kmt¶XnI hnZy

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂-

Xn-\mbn Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ Hcp {]tXyI kanXn D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.

Cu FP≥kn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ]cn-N-b-

ap≈ F©n-\o-b¿amsc Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp kanXn

36

]©m-bØv cmPv

cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Pn√m If-IvS¿am¿ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t°-≠-

XmWv. \n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃, tImÃvt^m¿Uv, lm_n-‰m‰v

sSIvt\m-fPn {Kq∏v apX-emb ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂

F©n-\o-b¿amsc Cu kan-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-

Ø-XmWv. Cu kan-Xn-bn¬ \n∂mWv F√m XeØn-sebpw

Xt±i- -cW ÿm]-\-߃ CØcw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v kmt¶-Xn-

Im-\p-aXn hmtß-≠Xv. X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ]cn-N-b-ap≈

F©n-\o-b¿am¿ C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ C{]-Im-c-samcp kanXn GsX-

¶nepw Pn√-bn¬ cq]o-Icn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√-¶ntem kanXn

cq]o-I-cn-®n- p-s≠-¶nepw {]kvXpX kan-Xnbv°v kt¶-Xn-Im-\p-

aXn \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ A[n-Imc]cn-[n-bnepw IqSp-X¬

FÃn-ta‰v XpI-bp≈ {]hr-Øn-bm-sW-¶ntem ]c-ma¿iw F v

{]Imcw cq]o-I-cn-®n- p≈ kwÿm-\-Xe kan-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v

kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn hmßm-hp-∂-XmWv.

5. sS≠¿ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ IqSmsX Xs∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS \n¿Δ-

lWw A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-Isf G¬∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

sjUyqƒ \nc-°n-s\-°mƒ Ipd™ \nc-°n¬ {]hrØn \S-

∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ km[yX Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]\w Bcm-bWw.

AXp-{]-Imcw \n›-bn-°p∂ \nc-°ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-

cn-°Ww \n¿Δ-lW Npa-Xe GP≥knsb G¬∏n-t°-≠Xv.

sjUyqƒ \nc-°n-s\-°mƒ A[nI \nc°v A\p-h-Zn-°m≥ ]mSp-

≈-X√. F∂m¬ Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

{]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v sS≠¿ FIvkkv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v

k¿°m¿ Hcp s]mXp DØ-c-hn-eqsS A\p-aXn \¬Ip-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ am{Xw AXn\v \n›-bn-°p∂ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ {]Imcw A[n-

I-\n-c°v A\p-h-Zn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

6. \nc-X-{Zhyw (EMD), Pmay-XpI (security) apX-em-bh A{I-Un-

‰Uv GP≥kn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw CuSm-t°-≠-Xn√.

7. {]hrØn Gev]n-°p-tºmƒ Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\hpw

FP≥knbpw XΩn¬ Icm¿ DS-º-Sn-bn¬ G¿s∏-SWw.

8. kq∏¿hn-j≥ \SØn Afhp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-ج:-

(a) Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ F©n-\o-b-dmWv kq∏¿hn-j≥

\SØn Af-hp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv. X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy

D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ am{Xw

_‘-s∏´ GP≥kn-I-fpsS F©n-\o-b¿am¿°pw Af-hp-Iƒ

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Xt±-i- -c-W- ÿm-]-

\-Øns‚ F©n-\o-b¿ Ah ]cn-tim-[n®v icn-bm-sW∂v

t_m[y-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.

(b) {]hr-Øn-bpsS kmt¶-XnI KpW-\n-e-hmcw (technicalsoundness) Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw FP≥kn-°mWv.

(c) πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v apX-em-bh Xøm-dm-°pI,

kq∏¿hn-j≥ \S-ØpI F∂o Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v

Xt±i- -cW ÿm]-\-Øn\v kz¥-ambn F©n-\o-b¿ Cs√-¶n¬/

F©n-\o-b-dpsS XkvXnI Hgn™p InS-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

k¿°m¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-

߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]Icw kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-

XmWv.

9. Af-hp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°¬ (Check measurement):-(a) Af-hp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb F©n-\o-b-dpsS Db¿∂ dm¶n-

ep≈ as‰mcp F©n-\o-b¿°v, sN°v sa-j¿sa‚ v \S-Øm-hp-∂-

XmWv. F∂m¬ X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-

°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bpsS Af-hp-Iƒ GP≥kn-bpsS F©n-\o-b-

dmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Akn-Â v FIvkn-Iyq- ohv

F©n-\o-b-dpsS dm¶n¬ Xmsg-b-√mØ Hcp F©n-\o-b-dm-bn-cn-

°Ww sN°vsa-j¿sa‚ v \S-tØ-≠Xv.

(b) Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS/Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn-

te°v ]p\¿hn\y-kn® F©n-\o-b¿am¿°v ]pdsa k¿°m¿/

s]mXp-ta-Jem ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ tPmen-bp≈ F©n-\o-

b¿am¿°pw, k¿°m¿/s]mXp-ta-Jem ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

hnc-an-®Xpw kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ kan-Xn-I-fn¬

AwK-ß-fp-amb F©n-\o-b¿am¿°pw sN°vsa-j¿sa‚ v \S-Øm-

hp-∂-XmWv. hnc-an® F©n-\o-b¿am-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Ah¿ GXv

]Z-hn-bn¬ \n∂mtWm hnc-an-®Xv {]kvXpX ]Z-hn-bn-ep≈

F©n-\o-b-dmbn Ahsc IW-°m-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

10. amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v/FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]Xn- ew:-

{]hrØn Gs‰-SpØv \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v

Bbn FÃn-ta‰v XpI-bpsS 2 (c≠v) iX-am\w ]cn-[n-bn-√msX,

GP≥kn°v \¬tI-≠-XmWv. X\Xp kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-

Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ FP≥kn Xs∂-

bmWv πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v F∂nh Xøm-dm-°p-∂

-sX-¶n¬ {]Xn-^-e-ambn FÃnta‰v XpI-bpsS ½ iX-am\w

GP≥kn°v A\p-h-Zn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. CØcw sNe-hp-Iƒ°v

th≠ XpI amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v/FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ {]Xn-^ew F∂ C\-Øn¬ s{]mP-IvSn¬ {]tXyIw

Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw.

11. t]bvsa‚ v:-

NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv {]Imcw L´w L -ambn am{Xta

GP≥kn°v XpI \¬Im≥ ]mSp≈p.

(a) L´w 1 : Icm¿ DS-º-Sn-bn¬ G¿s∏´p Ign-™m¬ {]hr-Øn-

°p≈ Icm¿ DS-ºSn XpI-bpsS 20%.

(b) L´w 2,3,4 : ap≥ AUzm≥kp-I-fpsS 90% sNe-h-gn-®-Xn-\p≈

hmtez-j≥, sN°vsa-j¿ sNøp∂ F©n-\o-b¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ apdbv°v 20% hoXw.

(c) L´w 5 : ap≥ AUzm≥kp-I-fpsS 90% sNe-h-gn-®-Xn-\p≈

hmtez-j≥, sN°vsa-j¿ sNøp∂ F©n-\o-b¿ km£y-s∏-

SpØp∂ apdbv°v 10% hoXw.

(d) L´w 6 : {]hrØn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xn-\p-tijw ss^\¬

hmtez-j≥ sN°vsa-j¿ sNøp∂ F©n-\o-b¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-

Øp-Ibpw _‘-s∏´ F√m tcJ-Ifpw Xt±-i-kzbw c-W-ÿm-

]-\-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ apdbv°v _m°n 10%.

(e) amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v/ FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]Xn-

^ew Ah-km\ L -Øn¬ \¬In-bm¬ aXn-bmIpw.

12. X\Xp kmt¶-Xn-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bpsS

Af-hp-Iƒ GP≥kn-bpsS F©n-\o-b-dmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

sX-¶n¬ saj¿sa‚ v _p°v, hu®-dp-Iƒ, a‰v tcJ-Iƒ F∂nh

GP≥kn Xs∂ Xømdm°n kq£n-°Ww. Xt±-i-`-c-W-

ÿm-]-\tam, Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]\w \ntbm-Kn-°p∂ F©n-\o-

37

]©m-bØv cmPv

btdm/kan-Xntbm Ft∏mƒ Bh-iy-s∏- mepw Ah ]cn-tim-[-

\-bv°mbn \¬tI-≠-XmWv. saj¿sa‚ v _p°v, a‰v tcJ-Iƒ

F∂nh {]hrØn ]q¿Øn-bm°n 15 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xt±-i-

`cW ÿm]-\-Øn\v \¬IWw.

13. ]cm-am¿iw H∂v, c≠v F∂nh {]Imcw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® s]mXp-a-

cm-aØv N -ß-fnse 17 -maXv N -Øn¬ hyhÿ sNbvXn- p-≈Xv

{]Imcw {]hr-Øn-bpsS kw£n]vX hnhcw AS-ßnb Hcp

t\m´okv GP≥kn Xøm-dm°n, hy‡-ambn ImWmhp∂ Xc-

Øn¬ ]Wn ÿeØv {]Z¿in-∏n-t°-≠-XmWv.

14. {]hr-Øn-Iƒ kw_-‘n® F√m tcJ-Ifpw s]mXp-tc-J-I-fm-

bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv. GsX-¶nepw ]uc≥ Bh-iy-s∏- m¬ ]I¿∏v

FSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ okv CuSm°n sIm≠v GP≥kn/Xt±-i-

-c-W-ÿm-]\w _‘-s∏´ tcJ-I-fpsS ]I¿∏v \¬tI-≠-XmWv.

15. \nIp-Xn-Ifpw t£a-\n[n hnln-Xhpw Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]\w

Xs∂ t\cn v AS-bv°Ww. Cu sNe-hp-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb

{]hr-Øn-bpsS _n√n¬ \n∂pw Ipdhv sNøm≥ ]mSp-≈-X√.

Ch AS-®p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿´n-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ (aqey-

h¿≤nX \nIp-Xnsb (VAT) kw_-‘n®v _‘-s∏´ N -߃

{]Im-c-ap≈ \n›nX t^mdw, t£a-\n[n hnlnXw AS® cko-

Xns‚ ]I¿∏v, BZmb \nIpXn AS-®-Xns‚ k¿´n- n-°‰v apX-

em-bh) Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]\w A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn°v

\¬IWw. GP≥kn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS tS¨ Hmh¿ kw_-‘n®

IW-°p-Iƒ _‘-s∏´ hIp-∏n¬/ ÿm]-\-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-

tºmƒ Cu {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]\w \nIpXn/

t£a-\n[n hnlnXw AS-®n- p-s≠∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿´n- n-

°‰v lmP-cm-°n-bn-s√-¶n¬ GP≥kn-Iƒ ho≠pw Ah AS-

bvt°≠n hcp∂ kml-Ncyw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv C{]-Imcw

k¿´n- n-°-‰-Iƒ \¬I-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°p-∂Xv. ap≥ Ime-

ß-fn¬ A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\ \n¿Δ-lWw \S-

Øp-Ibpw Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]\w Xs∂ t\cn v \nIpXn/ t£a-

\n-[n-hn-lnXw AS-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p≈ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS

Imcy-Øn¬ Ah AS-®p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿ n- n-°-‰p-Iƒ

GP≥kn-Iƒ°p \¬In-bn- n-s√-¶n¬ Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃

DS≥ Xs∂ Ah _‘-s∏´ GP≥kn-Iƒ°v \¬tI-≠-XmWv.

]c-am¿iw 4, 6, 9 F∂o k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hp-Ifpw 7- -masØ

k¿°p-edpw d±v sNøp∂p. ]c-am¿iw 3,5 F∂o k¿°m¿ DØ-c-

hp-I-fnse,A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ kw_-‘n® mK-ß-sfm-gn-sI-bp≈ \S-

]-Sn-{I-a-ßfpw d±v sNøp∂p. AXm-bXv ]cm-a¿iw aq∂nse DØ-c-

hn¬ kwÿm\ \n¿ΩnXn tI{μw, Pn√m \n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃,

tImÃv t^m¿Uv F∂o ÿm]-\-߃°v A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬In-

sIm-≠p≈ mKhpw ]c-ma¿iw A©nse DØ-c-hn¬ lm_n-‰m‰v

sSIvt\m-fPn {Kq∏n\v A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬In-sIm-≠p≈ mKhpw

am{Xw XpS¿∂pw {]m_-ey-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv.

Kh¿Æ-dpsS DØ-c-hn≥ {]Imcw

Fkv.-Fw. hnP-bm-\μv

Kh¨sa‚ v {]n≥kn-∏¬ sk{I- dn

(]©mbØv \yqkv k¿Δokv)

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

Local Self Government (RD) DepartmentNOTIFICATION

G.O (Ms) No. 150/2007/LSGD.Dated Thiruvananthapuram, 6th June 2007.

S.R.O No. 495/2007- In exercise of the powers conferred bysubsection (1) of section 274 of the Kerala Panchayat Raj Act,1994 ( 13 of 1994) and in super-session of all the previousnotifications issued in this subject matter, the Government of Keralahereby declare that those provisions of the Kerala Municipality Act,1994 (20 of 1994) mentioned in the Schedule below and the KeralaMunicipality Building Rules, 1999, shall be extended and be inforce in all the Village Panchayats of Kerala State with immediateeffect.

SCHEDULEClauses (2), (3), (19), (32), (34), (38) and (46) of section 2 of

chapter 1, chapter XVIII and Sections 509 and 510 of chapterXXIII, sections 511, 515,517 of chapter XXIV, section 563 of chapterXXV, sections 567,570, 573 of chapter XXVI and the fourth and fifthschedules in so far as they relate to the matters specified in chapterXVII of the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 ( 20 of 1994).

By Order of the GovernorS.M. Vijayanand

Principal Secretary to Government

Explanatory Note(This does not form part of the notification, but is intended to

indicate its general purport).Kerala has a unique environmental situation, which has

historically influenced the human settlement as well as land usepattern. However, of late, large scale development is taking placein unregulated manner even in the rural areas of the State. Thisrapid growth in an unplanned manner without reference to thecarrying capacity of a locality in relation to available infrastructure,services and resources would have serious negative consequencesaffecting the present and future development of the State. Thereforeit is necessary to ensure proper regulation of development especiallyconstruction activities. For this purpose Government have alreadyimplemented the provisions of Kerala Municipality Building Rulesand the relevant provisions of the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994(Act 20 of 1994) in 184 Panchayats. Now it is decided to extend theapplication of the Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999 and therelevant provisions of the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 (20 of1994) to all village Panchayats of Kerala State.

This notification is intended to achieve the above object.

(Panchayat News Service)

F√m {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw sI´n-S-\n¿ΩmW N -߃

38

]©m-bØv cmPv

Institute of Social Sciences8 Nelson Mandela Road

New Delhi 110 070

International Conference on

Kerala People's Plan Revisited14-15 December 2007, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

Organized by

Institute of Social Sciences (ISS)

in co-operation with

Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA)

CALL FOR PAPERS

In India the progress in the implementation of decentralized planning and the performance of DistrictPlanning Committees following the 73rd and 74th amendments of the Indian constitution has been haltingand haphazard. The people's Plan campaign launched in mid- 1990s in Kerala was a historic landmark informulating a methodology of decentralised planning with people's effective participation. It is importantto build on it, revisit it and carry it forward. The two - day conference will pool and share the experience oflocal planning in Kerala, rest of India and other countries. We invite papers form social scientists, planners,innovative NGOs and administrators in the following broad areas – empirical as well as theoretical:

◆ Methodology of decentralised planning◆ District Planning committees and District Planning: Experiences from various states◆ GIS as a tool of local planning.◆ Sectoral Plan vs Spatial Planning: Issues of Integration◆ Gender component in Local Planning: Experience and Lessons from Kerala◆ Democratic Decentralisation: Planning Experience from other countries.

The papers must reach M.A Oommen, Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Chair Professor for DevelopmentEconomics and Decentralized Planning, Institute of Social Sciences office, TC -2/2678 Surya Nagar,KRA - 98, Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 004 (Tel: + 91 471 2534763 Email :maoommen@asianetindia.com) before 1 October 2007. Travel and other expenses of scholars fromIndia whose papers are selected will be met by the organisers. Foreign participants may arrange theirtravel through their Universities/ Foundations/Research Centres. Their hospitality, while in Kerala, will belooked after by the organisers.For further details contact:

P.N. Kuttappan, Institute of Social Sciences, 8 Nelson Mandela Road, New Delhi 110070(Tel:+ 91 11 26121902 /26121909, Cell : 9968469014 Fax: + 91 1126137027, Emails : issnd@vsnl.com

39

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GOVERNMENT OF KERALAABSTRACT

Local Self Government Department – Revision of PWD Schedule of Rates –Implementation of new rates in LSGDs – Orders issued.

Local Self Government (DA) DepartmentG.O (Ms) No. 137/07/LSGD

Dated, Thiruvananthapuram, 28/05/07Read : 1. G.O (Ms) No. 227/06/LSGD dated 4.10.2006

2. G.O (Rt) 595/07/PWD dated 26/04/2007ORDER

As per the Government Order read 1st above, Government haveaccorded sanction for allowing tender excess up to 15% for building andbridge works with estimates prepared on the basis of 2004 PWD ScheduleRates until new Schedule of Rates come into effect.

Now Government as per Government Order read as 2nd paper abovehave revised the PWD Schedule of Rates with effect from 01.04.07.

In the above circumstances Government are pleased to order that thenew Schedule of Rates sanctioned as per the G.O read as second paperabove will be applicable to LSGD also w.e.f 1/04/07. The tender excess asper the G.O read as first paper above stands cancelled w.e.f. 1/04/07

The new SOR 2007 will not apply in respect of contracts already executedor where a tender based on earlier SOR is proposed to be accepted.

(By Order of the Governor)S.M. Vijayanand

(Panchayat News Service) Principal Secretary to Govt.

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GOVERNMENT OF KERALAABSTRACT

Health and Family Welfare Department – Kerala Prevention of FoodAdulteration Rules 2007 – Freezed – Orders issued.

Health & Family Welfare (E) DepartmentG.O (Rt) No. 1974/07/H & FWD.

Dated, Thiruvananthapuram, 4/06/07Read : G.O. (P) No. 31/07/H&FWD dated 1.02.2007

ORDERAs per the Government Order read above, the Kerala Prevention of

Food Adulteration Rules 2007 came into existence with effect from 1-2-2007.In the said rules Government made certain revision in the license fee leviedin the PFA Act.

Considering the requests of various organisations, Government arepleased to freeze the order read above till further orders.

(By Order of the Governor)R. Purushothaman Nair

(Panchayat News Service) Deputy Secretary to Govt.

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Edited and Published by A. Ajith Kumar, IAS, Director of Panchayats, Govt. of KeralaThiruvananthapuram - 695 033 and Printed at Gramalakshmi Mudralayam, Kanjikode, Palakkad.