Joy Sticks & Touch Screens
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Transcript of Joy Sticks & Touch Screens
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Group 6 Presentation
Fundamentals of Computer Hardware
Joy Sticks & Touch Screens
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Joy Sticks
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JOYSTICKS A joystick is an input device that consists of a stick that pivots on abase and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling
however, recent technologies have developed some joystick to be asimple device that has buttons only mounted on a base.
The movement of the base determines the direction f the pointer.Joystick controls symbols and pointers in the same way a mousedoes.
They differ only in the sense that a mouse pointer stops moving themoment you move the mouse while for some joysticks you have toput the stick in an upright position.
A joystick also known as control columns are the principal controlmechanism in a tight area of many civilian and military aircraft.They consist of supplementary switches on them to control otheraspects on the aircraft.
Joysticks are also often used to control video games and have one ormore push buttons whose state can be read by the computer.
The most popular variation of a joystick used on modern video gameis the analog stick, plays station.
Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes,trucks, underwater machines.
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Advantages of Using JoySticks
1. its easy to play with
2. it can move in any direction
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Disadvantages of Using JoySticksHand injuiresControl Problems
Not compatible with most computers
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TYPES OF JOYSTICKS
Digital Joysticks - it is most common inPCs and employs simple movements of left,right, up, down and firing commands.
Paddle Joystick consists of one knobused to control the game on one firingbutton. It is one of the oldest joystickmechanism developed.
Analog- it combines both conceptspresented in the digital and paddle joystick,they control the game like a digital joystick
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Touch Screens
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TOUCH SCREEN
Touch screens replace the standard computermouse by allowing direct interaction with thescreen with a finger, pen or other pointingdevice. These products can be used byindividuals who have difficulty manipulating
computer mice.A touch-screen is an intuitive computer inputdevice that works by simply touching thedisplay screen, either by a finger, or with astylus, rather than typing on a keyboard orpointing with a mouse. Computers with touch-screens have a smaller footprint, and can bemounted in smaller spaces; they have fewermovable parts, and can be sealed. Touch-screens may be built in, or added on. Add-ontouch-screens are external frames with a clear
see-through touch-screen which mount onto themonitor bezel and have a controller built into
i h f ll i h b i
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comprises the following three basiccomponents;
a touch-screen sensor panel, that sits abovethe display and which generates appropriatevoltages according to where, precisely, it istouched
a touch-screen controller, that processes thesignals received from the sensor and
translates these into touch event data whichis passed to the PC's processor, usually via aserial or USB interface
a software driver, provides an interface to the
PC's operating system and which translatesthe touch event data into mouse events
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Types of Touch ScreensResistiveInfrared
Surface Acoustic Wave
Capacitive
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ResistiveResistive touch-screens respond to the pressure
of a finger, a fingernail, or a stylus. Theytypically comprise a glass or acrylic base that iscoated with electrically conductive and resistive
layers. The thin layers are separated by invisibleseparator dots. When operating, an electricalcurrent is constantly flowing through theconductive material. In the absence of a touch,the separator dots prevent the conductive layerfrom making contact with the resistive layer.When pressure is applied to the screen thelayers are pressed together, causing a changein the electrical current. This is detected by the
touch-screen controller, which interprets it as a-
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InfraredInfrared touch-screens are based on light-beam
interruption technology. Instead of placing alayer on the display surface, a frame surroundsit. The frame assembly is comprised of printedwiring boards on which the opto-electronics are
mounted and is concealed behind an IR-transparent bezel. The bezel shields the opto-electronics from the operating environmentwhile allowing the IR beams to pass through.
The frame contains light sources - or light-emitting diodes - on one side, and light
detectors - or photosensors - on the oppositeside. The effect of this is to create an opticalgrid across the screen. When any object touchesthe screen, the invisible light beam isinterrupted, causing a drop in the signal
received by the photosensors. Based on whichphotosensors stop receiving the light signals, it
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Surface Acoustic WaveSurface Acoustic Wave technology is one of
the most advanced touch-screen types.SAW touch-screens work much like theirinfrared brethren except that sound waves,
not light beams, are cast across the screenby transducers. Two sound waves, oneemanating from the left of the screen andanother from the top, move across the
screen's surface. The waves continuallybounce off reflectors located on all sides ofthe screen until they reach sensors locatedon the opposite side from where they
originated.
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Surface Acoustic WaveContdWhen a finger touches the screen, the waves
are absorbed and their rate of travel thusslowed. Since the receivers know how quicklythe waves should arrive relative to when theywere sent, the resulting delay allows them to
determine the x- and y-coordinates of the pointof contact and the appropriate touch event tobe registered, Unlike other touch-screentechnologies, the z-axis (depth) of the touchevent can also be calculated; if the screen istouched with more than usual force, the water
in the finger absorbs more of the wave's energy,thereby delaying it more.
Because the panel is all glass and there are nolayers that can be worn, Surface Acoustic Wavetouch-screens are highly durable and exhibit
excellent clarity characteristics. The technologyis recommended for public information kiosks,
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CapacitiveCapacitive touch-screens consist of a glass
panel with a capacitive (charge storing) materialcoating its surface. Unlike resistive touch-screens, where any object can create a touch,they require contact with a bare finger or
conductive stylus. When the screen is touchedby an appropriate conductive object, currentfrom each corner of the touch-screen is drawnto the point of contact. This causes oscillatorcircuits located at corners of the screen to varyin frequency depending on where the screen
was touched. The resultant frequency changesare measured to determine the x- and y- co-ordinates of the touch event.
Capacitive type touch-screens are very durable,and have a high clarity. They are used in a wide
range of applications, from restaurant and POSuse to industrial controls and information kiosks.
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The table below summarises the principaladvantages/disadvantages of each of the
described technologies:
Resistive Infrared Surface Acoustic Wave Capacitive
Touch resolution High High Average High
Clarity Average Good Good Good
Operation Finger or stylus Finger or stylus Finger or soft-tipped
stylus
Finger only
Durability Can be damaged by
sharp objects
Highly durable Susceptible to dirt and
moisture
Highly durable