Journal Entry #10

What does freedom mean to you? How might this be different from the

freedom of those in the 18thc.?

Who said it?For the following slides,

identify or guess who said the following quotes.

Who said it?

“…that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Abraham Lincoln

Who said it?

“You are never strong enough that you don’t need help”

Cesar Chavez

Who said it?

“The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.”

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Who said it?

“The right is ours. Have it we must. Use it, we will.”

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Who said it?

“This was not just an attack on the city of New York.”

Rudolph Giuliani

Who said it?

“ Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”

John F. Kennedy

Who said it?

“What to the American slave is your Fourth of July?”

Fredrick Douglass

Who said it?

“Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

Patrick Henry

What are some examples of famous slogans or mottoes of your generation?

How are they different from the quotes discussed?

Pair*Share

Share your response to, “What does freedom mean to you?” with a person sitting next to you.

Share your responsesLet’s prepare for the final

Persuasive Speech

What is persuasive speech?

Look in your textbook on page 1268 and write the definition on your genre handout.

Rhetorical Devices

Language tools that skillful writers and speakers use to add clarity and interestto their work.

What are the techniques speakers use?

Antithesis Repetition Asyndeton and polysyndeton Restatement Parallelism: anaphora and conduplicatio Rhetorical questions Appeals to emotion Appeals to reason

Antithesis Makes use of a contrast in language to

bring out a contrast in ideas. “That’s one small step for (a) man; one

giant leap for mankind.” - Neil Armstrong “I have a dream that my four little children

will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” - Martin Luther King, Jr.

REPETITION p. 167

Restating an idea using the same words. Example: “Free at last, free at last.

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last.” Martin Luther King, Jr.

Asyndeton and polysyndeton Two forms that add stylistic force to your

writing by handling conjunctions in non-standard ways.

Asyndeton - leaves out conjunctions in a list or between clauses: “They all sat under one roof and ate from one table - princes, dukes, barons, earls, kings, merchants, beggars.”

Polysyndeton - puts a conjunction between every item: “The banquet table was a riot of beef and pork and lamb and fish and fresh vegetables and candied fruits and all sorts of wonderful dainties.”

RESTATEMENT p. 167

Repeating an idea in a variety of ways Example: “Freedom is indivisible, and

when one man is enslaved, all are not free.” John F. Kennedy

Vocabulary – in (not); en (in; into)

PARALLELISM p. 167

Repeating grammatical structures Example:

“Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.”

“Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.”

Martin Luther King Jr.

Alleghenies –mountain

ranges

“of the people, by the people, for the people” – who said it?

Two forms of parallelism Anaphora - device in which the writer

repeats a word or phrase at the beginning of multiple clauses: “I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them, Sam I am. - Dr. Suess

Conduplicatio - takes a key word from one phrase or sentence and repeats it at the beginning of the next phrase or sentence: “The federal government has often been compared to a ship, and that ship is captained by the President.”

RHETORICAL QUESTION p. 167

Asking a question whose answer is self-evident; intended to stir emotions.

Example: “So tonight, let us ask ourselves -if our

children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?” Barack Obama

Or “And Ain’t I a Woman?”

Sojourner Truth

APPEAL – What does it mean?

Noun - the power or ability to attract, interest, amuse, or stimulate the mind or emotions:

Verb - to ask for aid, support, mercy, sympathy, or the like; make an earnest entreaty (earnest request or petition)

APPEAL TO EMOTION p. 167

asks the audience to experience their hopes, fears, likes and dislikes to persuade them.

Example: “But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to – it belongs to you.” Barack Obama

How does President Obama appeal to the people’s hopes?

APPEAL TO REASON asks audience to think in a rational way to

persuade them. Uses facts, statistics

and examples

“I could work as much and eat as much as a man-”Sojourner Truth

APPEAL TO AUTHORITY

Asks audience to accept the credibility or reliability of an idea based on its use or relation to an authority on the subject – may even appeal to listener’s vanity.

Mostly found in marketing and slogans

Let’s try!

Speech in the Second Virginia Convention by Patrick Henry

But first,…..WHO IS PATRICK HENRY?

Patrick Henry (1736 -1799)Henry is considered the mostpowerful orator (speaker) ofthe American Revolution. He helped to inspire colonists tounite in an effort to win theirindependence. After he waselected to the Virginia Houseof Burgesses he delivered oneof his most powerful speeches,persuading members to resistEnglish rule and go to war.

Speech in the Virginia Convention – 1775, Virginia

Henry delivered this most famous speech at the Virginia Provincial Convention to urge resistance to England.

The speech impacted the audience, feeding the Revolutionary Spirit and the independent ideals of a new nation breaking free from English dependence.

Structure1. The speech starts off with a rebuttal of the

previous speeches. Rebuttal - the speech act of refuting by offering

a contrary contention or argument 

2. Then he defends his own position3. He expresses that England’s actions (Stamp Act;

Townshend Acts – taxes on goods paid to England) imply war and colonist slavery.

4. He ends with a strong appeal to emotions – try to figure out how and why

Notice the allusions Henry uses - Greek mythology and the Bible

LET’S LISTEN Procedure:

We will read from “Mr. President..” to “to know the worst and to provide for it.”

Listen to the remainder of the speech on CD. Imagine your are a member of the Virginia Convention

Use your analysis sheet – to write what you think is an example of

RepetitionParallelismRhetorical question

What appeals do we notice?

How does Henry appeal to the audience’s emotion?

How does Henry appeal to the audience’s reasoning and logic?

Repetition and restatement

“-we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight!

“-let it come. I repeat it, sir, let it come!”

Parallelism “We have petitioned; we have

remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated.” (Anaphora)

“..in vain…”; “In vain,…”; “It is in vain..” (Conduplicatio)

“If we wish to be free…” (Anaphora) “If we mean to preserve…” “If we mean, not basely..”

Rhetorical question

“I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it?”

“And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument?”