1. jn3800 AUDIO

2. Today

3. Origins: Broadcast Traditionally a linear process Listening to a standard broadcast is passive Radio and more comprehensive recordings need to create a texture of sound Additional editorial intervention sometimes needed to frame audio pieces

4. Kit requirements Audio can be recorded by a number of devices Dictaphone Telephone Conversion between file types may be required: Think about compatibility compression

5. Quality TOP TIP: Always try to acquire recordings at the highest quality possible CD Dictaphone Telephone 44.1 KHz 22 KHz 8KHz 44.1 KHz means the recording device will sample the sound 44,100 times a second

6. Audio Production: Stylistic approaches Clips: Short, sharp bursts of information that convey essential information Packages: Incorporates script and interviews on a specific theme or issue Long-form documentaries: A more in-depth, and immersive experience Bulletins: Live news flash based around breaking information

7. How this might work on a digital platform Combined with other media elements rather than a standalone report Complements written or image-based material Separate angles/approaches/opini on used to augment central report

8. Whats happening online

9. Journalistic potential

10. Journalistic process Ask yourself Is audio the appropriate medium? Can it be used to add breadth or depth to your piece Ensure you follow good journalistic practice Do not misrepresent and be faithful to your interviewees intention.

11. Interview technique Be nice Control your environment Ensure the interviewee gives name, rank and serial number Aim to ask open questions Avoid utterances such as: yeah, a-ha, mmm Try not to interrupt Use silence to your advantage Repeat if required Say thanks

12. Broadcast voice Scripting: control your audio Aim for around three words a second (a pace that is too fast or two slow impacts on overall effect) Control your interviewee to ensure your content is usable

13. Post production considerations Editorial Sound can be used to illustrate a story, and add texture Descriptions need to fuel audiences imagination WARNING: Working with audio (and video) can be time- consuming Technical Tidy, remove noise and equalise if required FX and other additions Music and other sound effects can be used to move story forward Additional tools of fade outs/ins, silences and voice manipulation can prove useful

14. Final checks Does it make sense? Does it flow? Can you hear everything and understand it? Is the subject matter and interviewee responses accurate and in line with original intentions?

15. Distribution: Podcasts and social media Podcasting Publish to the world RSS feeds can stream audio to users on demand Social tools Share audio files with your followers, and add a social element to your audio work. First person accounts can be effective and emotive Audioboo Soundcloud

16. Flickr Ian Hayhurst Fernando Candeias Matt Blaze tjmwatson Will Hastings Joriel "Joz" Jimenez The National Guard PolandMFA formulapuff