Early Zionism and Arab-Jewish Relations in 20 th C Palestine IAFS/JWST 3650.
Jewish-Arab Relations under Ottoman Rule IAFS/JWST 3650 Istanbul.
-
Upload
alexandra-gordon -
Category
Documents
-
view
234 -
download
3
Transcript of Jewish-Arab Relations under Ottoman Rule IAFS/JWST 3650 Istanbul.
Jewish-Arab Relations under Ottoman Rule
IAFS/JWST 3650
Istanbul
Announcements
• Map/plagiarism quiz retake on Thu–Use tally mark to indicate whether or not
you’ll take quiz
The Ottoman Empire
• 16th c expansion• Diverse population• Millet system based on dhimmi structure
The Ottoman Empire
• 16th c/17th c roots of decline• Internal problems• European economic competition
Jews in 19th c Holy Land
• Early 19th c: Greater Syria’s Jewish population ~25,000–Roughly half in what became Palestine
• Mostly in cities• Most Sephardim, some Ashkenazim
Ottoman Decline (19th c)
• Turmoil in Holy Land–1831-1840: Egyptian occupation under
Ibrahim– Ibrahim gave Jews and Christians equality
with Muslims
Ottoman Decline (19th c)
• Empire-wide instability• 1839: Hatti Sharif of Gulhane• 1856: Hatti Humayun
Identity and Society in the Holy Land
• Sanjaks (districts) within vilayets (provinces)• Notables: provided security (in theory),
collected taxes• Jerusalem notables: derived power from
religious offices
Identity and Society in the Holy Land
• Identity–Peasants: loyalty to land, village– Educated Arabs: sense of living in area
called Palestine, within greater Syria
Quickthink
• 2-3 min small group discussion• Review, critical analysis• What’s the significance of the fact that in mid-
19th c we don’t yet see clear Arab identity, let alone specifically Palestinian nationality?
Holy Land’s Increasing Status (19th c)
• Early 19th c Holy Land poor and neglected• 1850s: Christian pilgrimage tours• Pilgrims and tourists meant revenue,
European attention
Holy Land’s Increasing Status (19th c)
Lizars, Daniel. Egypt [map]. [1831?]. 1:2,100,000. “David Rumsey Map Collection.”
• Shifting geopolitics
• Egyptian autonomy
• British/French rivalry re Suez isthmus
Holy Land’s Increasing Status (19th c)
• Palestine (to be) increasingly important to Ottomans
• Jerusalem made directly responsible to Constantinople
• Increased stability
Holy Land’s Increasing Status (19th c)
• Economic and social improvements for Jews• Increased Jewish immigration• Jerusalem’s Jewish population:–1839: ~5000–1850s: ~10,000
Holy Land’s Increasing Status (19th c)
• British interest:–Humanitarian–Political: Jewish support for British aims in
exchange for British protection
Holy Land’s Increasing Status (19th c)
• New patterns of land ownership– Land title bought by small number of people– Peasants continued working land– Groundwork for later Zionist purchases
Holy Land’s Increasing Status (19th c)
• Rise in agricultural and industrial production– Wheat, cotton, citrus, soap– Preceded Zionist colonization