Jean-Louis Weber – 16 July 2009
description
Transcript of Jean-Louis Weber – 16 July 2009
Adjustment of National Income and Final Consumption from Natural Capital Consumption
in the System of National Accounts and the SEEA – draft slides –
Jean-Louis Weber – 16 July 2009
The issue
Accounting norms on the G20’s agenda fair calculation of results, performances, and risks
National accounts (UN SNA 2008) still don’t record natural capital consumption when calculating National Income (although it is defined as Gross National Product minus Capital Consumption) and when measuring Final Consumption (on the basis of direct purchasers’ prices, no consideration for indirect costs caused within the country or abroad via imports)
Consequences are very insufficient macro-economic indicators (little visibility of risks – see G20; little visibility of accumulated ecological debts; a high policy concern – see Beyond GDP Conference or work of the Stiglitz Commission; risk that the Green Economy will never happen)
It is time for introducing correctly nature into national accounts – even with coarse measurements; because of risks of “leakage” from well towards less protected countries, the adjustments have to be implemented worldwide
It is possible to start NOW calculating these adjustments on the basis of global monitoring and international statistics and improve the system in a second step alongside UN SEEA revision by 2012/2013.
NEXT: Illustration of simplified methodology in the case of inland ecosystems
Key features of simplified ecosystem accounts / SEEA - SNA
Natural assets accounts [in physical units only]Ecosystem assets (stocks and health, change in total ecological potential)Sub-soil assets (stocks and lifetime, physical depletion)
Consumption of Natural Capital [in physical & monetary units] Ecosystem Capital Consumption (domestic) = ECC (domestic) Virtual Transfers of Ecosystem Capital concealed in imports = VTEC (imports)Depletion User Cost of Domestic Non Renewable Assets (El Serafy method) = DUC (domestic) Domestic Natural Capital Consumption = ECC (domestic) + DUC (domestic) Environmental Debts (or Liabilities) = ECC (domestic) + VTEC (imports)
Full Cost of Goods and Services (FCGS)Full Cost of Goods and Services = Commodities at market price + ECC (domestic) + VTEC (imports)[NB.: depletion user costs being part of market price, no addition is needed]
Adjusted Disposable National Income (ADNI) as SNA headline aggregateADNI = conventional National Income – Natural Capital Consumption [conform to the Stiglitz/Sen/Fitoussi proposal]
Adjusted Net Savings are derived automatically from ADNI (WB “Genuine Savings” with ecosystem capital consumption)
Ecosystem services account [physical units and monetary valuation]Market and non market services in physical units [tons, volume, surface*people*time,...]Valuation according to ecosystem service typesLikely to be limited to the most important ecosystem services / sectors
Inclusive Final Consumption (IFC)Inclusive Final Consumption = conventional SNA Final Consumption + Ecosystem Capital
Consumption (domestic) + Virtual Transfers of Ecosystem Capital concealed in imports – Ecosystem Capital Consumption in exports
Simplified Ecosystem Accounts & National Accounts Adjustment
Consumption of Ecosystem CapitalConsumption of Ecosystem Capital & Adjustments of National Accounts & Adjustments of National Accounts
for “over-consumption” and/or “under-investment”for “over-consumption” and/or “under-investment”
AdjustedAdjusted
DisposableDisposable
NationalNational
IncomeIncome
Full CostFull Cost
of Goodsof Goods
& &
ServicesServices
Depletion of
Sub-soilAssets
Virtual Consumption
of Ecosystem Capital
inImports
Consumptionof DomesticEcosystem
Capital
(-)
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+)
Total Total CurrentCurrent
Ecological Ecological Potential Potential (terrestrial
ecosystems)
Total Ecological PotentialTotal Ecological Potential
Simplified Ecosystem Accounts & National Accounts Adjustment: A “Cubist” Approach to Ecosystem Capital [1/3]
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
Multi-criteriarating
Ge
org
es B
raqu
e –
Har
bou
r in
Nor
ma
ndy,
19
09
Total Total Ecological Ecological Potential Potential
Time t+1
Simplified Ecosystem Accounts & National Accounts Adjustment: A “Cubist” Approach to Ecosystem Capital [2/3]
Change in Total Ecological Potential,Change in Total Ecological Potential, Maintenance & Restoration of Ecosystem CapitalMaintenance & Restoration of Ecosystem Capital
Total Total Ecological Ecological Potential Potential (terrestrial
ecosystems)
Time t Annual Maintenance
of Ecosystem Capital
_
=
Annual amortization of
historical degradation
+ =
Annual Consumption of
Ecosystem Capital
(physical index)Additional Additional RestorationRestoration
Target Target Ecological Ecological Potential Potential
t t+n
=
Total Total Ecological Ecological Potential Potential
Time t+1
Simplified Ecosystem Accounts & National Accounts Adjustment: A “Cubist” Approach to Ecosystem Capital [3/3]
Change in Total Ecological Potential,Change in Total Ecological Potential, Maintenance & Restoration of Ecosystem CapitalMaintenance & Restoration of Ecosystem Capital
Total Total Ecological Ecological Potential Potential (terrestrial
ecosystems)
Time t Annual Maintenance
of Ecosystem Capital
_
=
Annual amortization of
historical degradation
+ =
Annual Consumption of
Ecosystem Capital
(money)Additional Additional RestorationRestoration
Target Target Ecological Ecological Potential Potential
t t+n
=
Valuation of maintenanc
e / restoration
costs
Example: making of Landscape Ecological Potential (1/6)
Corine land cover map (derived from satellite images)Green Background Landscape Index (derived from CLC)
Naturilis (derived from Natura2000 & CDDA)
Effective Mesh Size (MEFF, derived from TeleAtlas and CLC)
Landscape Ecological Potential (LEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell
LEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
Example: making of Landscape Ecological Potential (2/6)
Corine land cover map (derived from satellite images)
Green Background Landscape Index (derived from CLC)
Naturilis (derived from Natura2000 & CDDA)
Effective Mesh Size (MEFF, derived from TeleAtlas and CLC)
Landscape Ecological Potential (LEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell
LEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
Example: making of Landscape Ecological Potential (3/6)
Corine land cover map (derived from satellite images)
Green Background Landscape Index (derived from CLC)
Naturilis (derived from Natura2000 & CDDA)
Effective Mesh Size (MEFF, derived from TeleAtlas and CLC)
Landscape Ecological Potential (LEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell
LEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
Example: making of Landscape Ecological Potential (4/6)
Corine land cover map (derived from satellite images)
Green Background Landscape Index (derived from CLC)
Naturilis (derived from Natura2000 & CDDA)
Effective Mesh Size (MEFF, derived from TeleAtlas and CLC)
Landscape Ecological Potential (LEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell
LEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
Example: making of Landscape Ecological Potential (5/6)
Corine land cover map (derived from satellite images)
Green Background Landscape Index (derived from CLC)
Naturilis (derived from Natura2000 & CDDA)
Effective Mesh Size (MEFF, derived from TeleAtlas and CLC)
Landscape Ecological Potential (LEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell
LEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
Example: making of Landscape Ecological Potential (6/6)
Corine land cover map (derived from satellite images)
Green Background Landscape Index (derived from CLC)
Naturilis (derived from Natura2000 & CDDA)
Effective Mesh Size (MEFF, derived from TeleAtlas and CLC)
Landscape Ecological Potential (LEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell
LEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
1990
Landscape Ecological Potential 1990-2000, 1km² grid (Source: Ecosystem Accounting for Mediterranean Wetlands, an EEA feasibility study for TEEB)
In brown grades, first clues of “ecosystem capital consumption” Which will be validated with other “cube” indicators
Change 1990-2000
LEP, state and change
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
1990Change 1990-2000
LEP, state and change, local scale
Legend
Camargue Regional Park, France
Change in net LEP 1990 to 2000
1 km² grid, range : -100 to +100
Improvement/ Highest : 47
Degradation/ Lowest : -33
Natural Park of Camargue (France)Natural Park of Camargue (France)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
CatchmentsExergy
Loss(from water evaporation & pollution)
Carbon, Biomass
(productivity, biomass
diverted fromNature, HANPP)
BiodiversityRarefaction
(loss of adaptability)
Ecosystem Dependency
(land, soil, energy,water, N,P,K...)
Landscape Ecological Potential
(the landscaperadiography)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
HealthyPopulations
(human and wildlife)
Landscape Ecological Potential 1990-2000, 1km² grid (Source: Ecosystem Accounting for Mediterranean Wetlands, an EEA feasibility study for TEEB)
In brown grades, first clues of “ecosystem capital consumption” Which will be validated with other “cube” indicators
Service 1: e.g. timber
Service 4: e.g. eco-tourism
Service 3: e.g. water regulation
Service 2: e.g. fish
Service 5: e.g. nn
Ecosystem Stocks & Flows
Ecosystem Health
Service 1 value
Service nn value ????
Service 4 value
Service 3 value
Service 2 value
Ecosystem services values vs. Ecosystem functions maintenance/restoration costs
Ecosystem Services values
Maintenance/restoration costsTop-Down, Collective preferences, Multi-criteria decision
(economic benefits, costs, social values, long term targets…)
Land coverBiomass/CarbonSoilSpecies/populationsWater catchmentsSeaAtmosphere
VigourOrganisationResilienceAutonomySupport to healthy populations
Service nnn Service nnn ????????
Consumption of Ecosystem Capital
Bottom-Up, Individual preferences, Market and Shadow prices, General equilibrium modelling
Ecosystem Stocks & Flows
Ecosystem Health
Land coverBiomass/CarbonSoilSpecies/populationsWater catchmentsSeaAtmosphere
VigourOrganisationResilienceAutonomySupport to healthy populations
Maintenance/restoration costs
Service 1 value
Service nn value ????
Service 4 value
Service 3 value
Service 2 value
Ecosystem services values vs. Ecosystem functions maintenance/restoration costs
Top-Down, Collective preferences, Multi-criteria decision (economic benefits, costs, social values, long term targets…)
Ecosystem Services values Bottom-Up, Individual preferences, Market and Shadow prices, General equilibrium modelling
Service nnn Service nnn ????????
Ecological TaxEcological Tax
or/andor/and
Value of offset Value of offset certificates (fair use of certificates (fair use of
ecosystems public ecosystems public good) good)
Ecosystem public good protectionEcosystem public good protection
Service 1: e.g. timber
Service 4: e.g. eco-tourism
Service 3: e.g. water regulation
Service 2: e.g. fish
Service 5: e.g. nn
Scales, accounts, governance
Impacts assessments, costs & benefits
Local government, Agencies assessment
Corporate accounting results, rating, trade
Markets of specific ecosystem services, PES
Accounting guidelines, norms
Action level:
Local scale, management,
Site level, case studies,
Projects,
Business
Clearing house on
[1] ES prices & [2] ecosystem mitigation costs
Sector accounts
Green taxes
Beyond GDP Accounting
SEEA 2012SEEA 2012
FrameworkFramework
National & regional government: Environmental agencies,
Ministries of economy, Statistical offices,
Courts
Global trade of ecosystem permits, IPES Programmes assessment (e.g. REDD)International financial standards (for loans…)Contribution to international organisations
Simplified accountsGlobal scale:
International Conventionsmonitoring
Markets framing & regulation
Data needs for a quick start ! – and later on
• Inland ecosystems– … (e.g. GlobCorine)
– … (e.g. Water assets monitoring)
– … (e.g. Biodiversity data)
– … (e.g. Soil/Forest carbon/biomass data)
• Sea/Oceans– … (e.g. Fisheries)
– … (e.g. Coastal water/ spawning areas)
– … (e.g. Carbon storage)
• Atmosphere– … (e.g. GHGs monitoring)
– … (e.g. Climate monitoring)
• Socio-economic statistics– … (e.g. population, health, nutrition)
– … (e.g. agriculture)
– … (e.g. import/exports)