James P. Collins Assistant Director for Biological Sciences National Science Foundation
description
Transcript of James P. Collins Assistant Director for Biological Sciences National Science Foundation
James P. Collins
Assistant Director forBiological Sciences
National Science Foundation
BESC & CoFARM Briefing
March 14, 2006March 14, 2006
Biology as a Bridge to the Future:Biology as a Bridge to the Future:Science at the FrontierScience at the Frontier
Outline
Biology in the 21st century
Science policy shift: American Competitiveness Initiative
Consequences of the policy shift: NSF benefits
Science at the frontier
Biology is composed of four overarching theories
All living things are made from cells, the chemical factories of life: CELL BIOLOGY
All life is based on the same genetic code organized as DNA or RNA: GENETICS
All forms of life evolved by natural selection or genetic drift: EVOLUTION
All life is connected to form ecosystems: ECOLOGY
“… the 21st century is going to see a cohesion of the sciences and disappearance of their borders.”
- David Baltimore
21st Century Biology
21st Century Biology• Multidisciplinary• Multiscale• Multimodal• Multidimensional• Information-driven
& IT driven• Education-oriented• Internationally
engaged• New curricula
Cross-Directorate Activities
Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) BIO and SBE Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grants
(DDIG) Graduate Research Fellowships Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education (GK-12) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training Program
(IGERT) BIO and SBE Minority Postdoctoral Research Fellowships Research Opportunity Awards (ROA) Faculty Early Career Development Awards (CAREER) ADVANCE: Increasing the Participation and Advancement of Women
in Academic Science and Engineering Careers Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Program
(EPSCoR) Small Grants for Exploratory Research (SGER)
Social, Behavioral, & Economic Sciences
Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences Supports research to develop and advance scientific
knowledge on human cognition, language, social behavior and culture, as well as research on the interactions between human societies and the physical environment.
Social and Economic Sciences Seeks to enhance our understanding of human,
social and organizational behavior by building social science infrastructure, by developing social disciplinary and interdisciplinary research projects that advance knowledge in the social and economic sciences.
Cross-Directorate Areas
Human and Social Dynamics Fosters breakthroughs in understanding the dynamics of human
action and development, as well as knowledge about organizational, cultural, and societal adaptation and change.
– Agents of Change– Dynamics of Human Behavior – Decision Making, Risk and Uncertainty
Science and Society Supports research that examines the relationships among
science, engineering, technology and society.– Ethics and Values in Science, Engineering and Technology– History and Philosophy of Science, Engineering and Technology– Social Studies of Science, Engineering and Technology– Studies of Policy, Science, Engineering and Technology
Cross-directorate research in these areas will increase as science and society converge…
Technological Convergence and theEvolution of Life Sciences R&D
big biology
big rewards
big dilemmas
big shifts in science policy….
Twodriversof sciencepolicy
ReleasedFeb. 23, 2006
AnnualS&Esnapshot
The two drivers are at least partly responsible for ACI…
GOALS Increase Federal investment in critical research Ensure that the United States continues to lead the
world in opportunity and innovation Provide American children with a strong foundation
in math and science
FY 2007 FUNDING = + $910 million (9.3% above FY 2006) for: National Science Foundation (NSF) Department of Energy’s Office of Science (DoE SC) Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
ACI plans to double investments in innovation-enabling science and engineering research at NSF, DoE SC, and NIST over 10 years
American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI)
$9.75 billion
$10.66 billion
$19.49 billion
Double the NSF budget over 10 years
Independent agency Established 1950
To promote scientific progress
To advance national health, prosperity and welfare
To secure national defense
NSF benefits…
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
FY2000
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
Growth in NSF Budget FY 2000-2007(millions)
Advancing the Frontier
Broadening Participation in the Science and Engineering Enterprise
Providing World-Class Facilities and Infrastructure
Bolstering K-12 Education
NSF FY 2007 Budget Priorities
Young Investigators
Underrepresented Groups
Institutional Types
Integration of Research and Education
International Collaborations
NSF Responsibilities Include Ensuring a Balanced Portfolio
Growth in BIO Budget FY 2000-2007(millions)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
FY2000
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
63%
52%
76%
85%
60%
66%
40%
46%
Environmental Biology
Social Sciences
Mathematics
Computer Science
Plant Biology
Biological Sciences
Physical Sciences
Engineering
NSF Support for Basic Research at Academic Institutions
(non-medical)
(*FY 2003 - latest available data in Science and Engineering Indicators, 2006)
Advancing the Frontier
Frontiers in Integrative Biological Research program (+$5.0 million)
Plant Genome Research Program (+$2.5 million)
Long-Term Ecological Research Program (+$1.2 million)
New Theoretical Biology program ($3.6 million)
New Biology and Society program ($0.5 million)
New Center for Microbial Oceanography at the University of Hawaii ($4.0 million)
New “Life in the Cold and Dark” program as part of the International Polar Year ($2.0 million)
BIO FY 2007 Budget Priorities
Broadening Participation in the S&E Enterprise
Research Initiation Grants and Career Advancement Awards to Broaden Participation in the Biological Sciences (+ $4.0 million)
Minority Postdoctoral Research Fellowships
Mentoring in Biology programs– Research Assistantships for High School Students– Research Experiences for Undergraduates– Undergraduate Mentoring in Biology
Supplemental awards for minority students on all grants
BIO FY 2007 Budget Priorities
Providing World-Class Facilities and Infrastructure
Increase support for research resources, including cyberinfrastructure (+$2.55 million)
National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) – R&RA funding (+$6.0 million)
Final Project Execution Plan Baseline NEON Infrastructure Reviews R&D on Sensors and Sensor Networks
– MREFC Request ($12 million) Assemble, deploy, network, and field-test NEON
Fundamental Instrument Units (FIU)
BIO FY 2007 Budget Priorities
Bolstering K-12 Education
Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education (GK-12) program (+$550,000)
Schoolyard LTER Research Assistantships for High School Students Research Experiences for Teachers
BIO FY 2007 Budget Priorities
NSF is unique among federal agencies in supporting research not necessarily tied to
resolving specific societal issues or restricted to falling within the purview of
agency-specific missions.
Primary sponsor of competitively awarded “basic research” in the U.S.
What is NSF?
NationalAeronautic and Space
Administration
EnvironmentalProtection
Agency
Smithsonian Institution
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Other agencies
Commerce
Science Advisor
Other boards, councils, etc.
U.S. President
Independent Agencies
Major Departments
Science AdvisorOffice of Science and
Technology Policy
Office of Management and Budget
Agriculture Health and Human Services
Interior Homeland Security
Defense Energy
Research Directorates
• Biological Sciences• Computer & Info. Science & Eng.• Education & Human Resources• Engineering• Geosciences• Mathematical & Physical Sciences• Social, Behaviorial & Econ. Sciences
Offices
• CyberInfrastructure
• Integrative Activities
• Polar Programs
• International Science and Engineering
National Science Foundation Director
Deputy Director
National Science Board
Directorate for Biological Sciences
BIO Mission:
To support the vitality of the biological sciences at U.S. colleges and universities….
Population & Evolutionary Processes
Population & Evolutionary Processes
Directorate for Biological Sciences(BIO)
Directorate for Biological Sciences(BIO)
Information and Automation Resources Unit
(IAR)
Information and Automation Resources Unit
(IAR)
Division of Environmental
Biology(DEB)
Division of Environmental
Biology(DEB)
Ecological BiologyEcological Biology
EcosystemScience
EcosystemScience
Division of Integrative
Organismal Biology(IOB)
Division of Integrative
Organismal Biology(IOB)
BehavioralSystems
BehavioralSystems
Developmental Systems
Developmental Systems
Environmental &Structural Systems
Environmental &Structural Systems
ResearchResources
ResearchResources
HumanResources
HumanResources
Division ofBiological
Infrastructure(DBI)
Division ofBiological
Infrastructure(DBI)
Division of Molecular and
Cellular Biosciences
(MCB)
Division of Molecular and
Cellular Biosciences
(MCB)
BiomolecularSystems
BiomolecularSystems
Cellular SystemsCellular Systems
Genes and GenomeSystems
Genes and GenomeSystems
Effective September 2004
Emerging Frontiers (EF)
Plant GenomeResearch Program
Plant GenomeResearch Program
Systematic Biology &Biodiversity Inventories
Systematic Biology &Biodiversity Inventories
Functional & Regulatory Systems
Functional & Regulatory Systems
How is BIO a distinctive model?
1) Working across "boundaries" (clusters, divisions, directorates, agencies).
2) One biology - ALL of biology within a single administrative unit with extensive cooperation and coordination.
3) Together, these allow us to focus on transformative research.
To Ecology… To Evolution…
From Genes…. To Cells…
Eyeless Cave Fish
How can we transform biological research in the early 21st century?
Biology at the frontier: stimulating the development of research areas that the research community needs but has not yet imagined…
Textbook science
or
frontier science?
Science at the frontier
Outline
Biology in the 21st century
Science policy shift: American Competitiveness Initiative
Consequences of the policy shift: NSF benefits
Science at the frontier
Back-up Slides
Examples of BIO Panels
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolutionary and Population Ecology
Behavioral Neuroscience and Neuroendocrinology
Plant Biotic Interactions
Animal Sensation and Movement
Integrative Cellular Neuroscience
Epigenetics, Transcription, Chromatin
Post Transcriptional Mechanisms
American Competitiveness Initiative
President Bush's 2006 education agenda, the American Competitiveness Initiative, aims to strengthen innovation and education in the U.S. by improving mathematics and science education, foreign language studies, and high schools.
300 grants for schools to implement research-based math curricula and interventions
10,000 more scientists, students, post-doctoral fellows, and technicians provided opportunities to contribute to the innovation enterprise
100,000 highly qualified math and science teachers by 2015
700,000 advanced placement tests passed by low-income students
800,000 workers getting the skills they need for jobs of the 21st century
American Competitiveness InitiativeGoals
Meeting the Challenge: President Bush's 2006
Education Agenda The American Competitiveness Initiative
commits $5.9 billion in FY 2007 more than $136 billion over 10 years
– increased investments in research & development
– DOE, NIST, and NSF benefit…
www.nsf.gov
Academic R&D expenditures: 1990–2003
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
..and thereare other changes…
Academic R&D as share of total R&D,by country/economy: Most recent year
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
…as the worldgets flat…
Scientific and technical articles, by country/region: 1988–2003
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
Share of U.S. articles among most-cited articles, total S&E: 1992–2003
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
Composition of U.S. college-age cohort: 1990–2020
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
S&Eworkforceis changing…
U.S. S&E bachelor’s degrees earnedby women and minorities: 1990, 1995, and 2001
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
S&E doctorates conferred by citizenship status and race/ethnicity: 1990–2003
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
Composition of academic doctoral S&E workforce by race/ethnicity, sex, and citizenship at degree
conferral: 1989–2003
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
Faculty and tenure-track status of academic S&E doctorate holders 4–7 years after receipt of
doctorate: 1989–2003
SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006
A policyresponse…
FY 2007 NSF Budget Request by Appropriation
($ in Millions) FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007Actual Current Plan Request Amount Percent
Research and Related Activities 4,234.82 4,331.48 4,665.95 334.47 7.7%
Education and Human Resources 843.54 796.69 816.22 19.53 2.5%
Major Research Equipment 165.14 190.88 240.45 49.57 26.0% and Facilities ConstructionSalaries and Expenses 223.45 246.81 281.82 35.01 14.2%
National Science Board 3.65 3.95 3.91 -0.04 -1.0%
Office of Inspector General 10.17 11.36 11.86 0.50 4.4%
Total, NSF 5,480.78 5,581.17 6,020.21 439.04 7.9%
Change
$ %FY 2003 Actual (NSF Total) $5,369.34BIO 576.78 576.69 607.85 31.16 5.4%CISE 490.20 496.41 526.69 30.28 6.1%ENG (less SBIR/STTR) 454.34 480.56 519.67 39.11 8.1% SBIR/STTR 102.75 100.36 108.88 8.52 8.5%GEO 697.17 702.83 744.85 42.02 6.0%MPS 1,069.36 1,085.45 1,150.30 64.85 6.0%SBE 196.80 199.91 213.76 13.85 6.9%OCI 123.40 127.12 182.42 55.30 43.5%OISE 43.38 34.52 40.61 6.09 17.6%OPP 348.53 389.34 438.10 48.76 12.5%IA 130.92 137.12 131.37 -5.75 -4.2%ARC 1.19 1.17 1.45 0.28 23.9%
Research & Related Activities Total $4,234.82 $4,331.48 $4,665.95 $334.47 7.7%33447.0%Totals may not add due to rounding.
FY 2007 Request
Change over FY 2006 Current Plan
FY 2007 R&RA Request by DirectorateFY 2005 Actual
FY 2006 Current
Plan
FY 2007 Request
($ in Millions)
FY 2007 Request for Research & Related Activities by Directorate
Strengthen core programs across BIO
Broaden participation at all levels
Increase support for cyberinfrastructure
Provide additional R&D funds for NEON
Enhance support for education programs
BIO FY 2007 Budget Priorities
Supports undergraduate students in active research
Involve students in meaningful ways in ongoing research programs or in specially designed projects
Two mechanisms for support – sites and supplements
Research Experiences for Undergraduates
Announcement: NSF 05-592