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Transcript of Jainism presentation
JAINISM
Jainism is a Religion and a Way of Life
Animal Compassion
For thousands of years,Jains have been practicing
vegetarianism
Vegetarianism
Meditation & Yoga
For thousands of years,Jains have been practicing
Meditation and Yoga
Meditation
For thousands of years,Jains have been practicing
Equality Equality
Environmentalism
For thousands of years,Jains have been
Environmentalist
Anekantvad
For thousands of years,Jains have been practicing
Non-Absolutism(Respect other views)(Truth has many perspectives)
ORIGINS
Not known
Possibly rooted in indigenous Indic culture before Aryan and Vedic age
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JAINS AND VEDAS
Changes in Vedic traditions could be due to contacts with ancient Jaina traditions
Not part of early Vedic traditions
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TIRTHANKARAThere are 24 Tirthankaras in Jainism
According to Jain philosophy, all Tirthankaras were born as human beings but they have attained a state of perfection or enlightenment through meditation and self realization.
Each was born at a time when humanity needed a new vision of religion
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Tirthankaras
Tirthankaras are also known as Jinas
Jina = one who has conquered inner passions like desire and hatred.
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MAHAVIRA
24th and last Tirthankara
Contemporary of the Buddha
Born 599 BCE
Kundagrama
BACKGROUNDAt age 30, Mahavira renounced all his
wealth, property, wife, family, pleasuresFasted 2 days without waterTook off clothes except for a cloth around
his shoulderTore out hair in 5 handfulsVowed to neglect his body and suffer all
painEventually gave up his cloth too (gave it
to someone else who needed it)
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MAHAVIRA
AT 28, became a follower of Parsva
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PARSVA
- 23rd Tirthankara- 9th C, BC
MAHAVIRA
Achieved kevala (one who has the knowledge to achieve liberation
Thus in lifetime recognized as Tirthankara
Next 30 years, leader of community of disciples
Monks, nuns, laypeople
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JINA/TIRTHANKARA‘ford builder’ – shows the way across
the ocean of sufferingNOT divine incarnationsNOT ‘founders’ of religionsOrdinary humans who have purified
themselvesThus ‘teachers’ rather than gods or
‘god-men’ Perfect human beings
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SCHISMSDigambaras (sky clad)
Total nudity
Follow Mahavira’s example
Clinging to clothing, even a loin cloth, is a form of attachment
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Jain Monastics: Digambara (“sky clad male monks”)
Given up all belongingsLive alone or in small
groups in the forestsTeach Jainism Spend 3 months during
rainy season in one location (to minimize killing insects on the ground from excessive walking)
SCHISMSSvetambaras (white clad)
Protest that external signs (i.e., clothing) are insignificant
View Mahavira’s decision as an option but not a requirement
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Jain Monastics: Two major sectsSvetambara (“white
clad”)Wear white robesLive in communityAdmit both men and
womenSome wear face masks to
protect minute life forms from harm
OTHER DIFFERENCES:Position of women:Svetambaras: women capable of becoming
Tirthankaras(19th Tirthankara, Malli, was a woman)Women orders
Digambaras: women must first be reborn as menNo women orders
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What is Jainism?A
A Philosophy of living.
Jains are followers of JINA, The conqueror of inner enemies.
These inner enemies (Kashay) are
anger (Krodh),
greed (lobh),
ego (man)
Deceit (mayam)
Inner enemies (Kashay) arise out of attachment(rag)-
leading to greed and pride and aversion(dvesh): leading to deceit and anger.
Jainism is a religion of self-help: with out any outside agency - even god coming to the rescue of the soul. The soul is its own destroyer or liberator.
What is Jain Activity?
Any activity of body or Mind that helps us
1. Develop disinterest in satisfying the desires of our five senses (control over passions)
2. Eliminate anger, ego, deceit, greed (Kashay) within our selves 3. Develop a vision to look for only good in others and completely ignore bad in others.-Acharya Haribhadrasuriji (700-770AD
THE ULTIMATE GOALTo free our soul from its bondage of KarmaThrough
Samyak Darshan (Rational prception)Samyak Gnyan (Rational Knowledge)Samyak Charitra (Rational Conduct)
Unique Teachings of Jainism
• God is not a Creator, Preserver or Destroyer of the Universe
• Every living being has a potential to become God
• Path of liberation is to follow rational perception, rational Knowledge and rational conduct
• Conquer your desire by your own effort to attain liberation
Unique Teachings of Jainism
• Proper knowledge of universal substances and fundamental Tattvas are essential for rational perception, knowledge and conduct
• Self purification, penance, austerity and meditation are essential for rational conduct
JAINA METAPHYSICS
Pluralistic (Anakandavada) Doctrine of Manifoldness of reality
Matter and sprit are separate There are innumerable atoms and soulsEach possesses innumerable qualities.
PluralisticRelativistic
Relativistic (Syadvada)1.Sapta Bangi Nyaya (Theory of relativity of knowledge)
•Syat asti (May be it is- Relatively a thing is real)•Syat nasti (May be it is not – Relatively a thing is unreal)•Syat asti nasti (May be it is and it is not – Relatively a thing is both real and unreal) •Syat avaktavyah (May be it is indescribable – Relatively a thing is indescribable)•Syat asti ca avaktavyah (May be it is not and is indescribable- Relatively a thing is real and is indescribable)•Syat asti nasti ca avaktavyah (May be it is not and is indescribable – Relatively a thing is unreal and is indescribable)•Syat asti ca nasti ca avaktavyah (May be it s , is not and is indescribable-Relatively a thing is real unreal and indescribable)
Anekantavad and Syadvad
·Reality (object) has many facets. It has many qualities and properties. This is known as Anekant or multifacetedness·The method or language of expressing this multifacetedness is called Syadvad
Anekantvad
· It is a doctrine of multifacetedness of reality· It is a philosophy or doctrine of non-absolutism· It explains reality metaphysically
Syadvad
· It is a theory of conditional predication· It is a theory of relativity of propositions or judgments· It explains reality epistemologically· It is a method of expressing multifacetedness of objects by using the qualifies ‘Syad’