HINDUISM , JAINISM AND BHUDDHISMBy DHAIRYATA JAIN

WHAT IS BUDDHISM ?

A PROFOUND SPIRITUAL REALIZATION THAT GATHERED MASSES

THESE MASSES WERE THEN ORGANIZED INTO COMMUNITIES THAT FUNDAMENTALLY RESHAPED :

SOCIAL STRUCTURESRELIGIOUS STRUCTURESPOLITICAL STRUCTURES

WHAT IS HINDUISM? PERPETUALLY EVOLVING COLLECTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL, RITUAL AND DEVOTIONAL TRADITIONS

THERE IS NO FOUNDER AND NO FIXED ORIGIN

OFTEN REFERS TO THEIR RELIGION AS “SANATANA DHARMA” – THE ETERNAL TRUTH

WHAT IS JAINISM?A SHRAMANIK MOVEMENT THAT AROSE IN RESPONSE TO VEDISM

BELIEVED TO BE ETERNAL

FORMED 550 BCE 2000 BCE 5th century BCE

Adherents 6,000,000 1,000,000,000 350,000,000Origin India India IndiaDeities Jinas,

Tirthankars

Polytheistic Pantheon of deities

Sacred Text

Jaina Sutras

Jain Sutras Pali Tipitika, Mahayana, Vajrayana Canons

JAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

BELIEF SYSTEMS

JAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISMUltimate Reality and Divine Beings

Jainism postulates no creator god. The unfortunate union of soul and matter propels the cycle of samsara. Tirthankaras are enlightened human teachers attributed with supernatural characteristics.

A polytheistic religion that functions like a monotheistic one. “Hinduism” involves a very broad spectrum of deities worshipped by different sects of people

There are varying and sometimes contradictory notions of ultimate reality in Buddhism. There are scholarly interpretations and popular interpretations, interpretations within different countries and in different eras.

Human Nature and the Purpose of ExistenceJAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

Human nature is illustrated by the Buddhist teaching of dependent origination, or arising, which shows how poisonous mental states give rise to suffering.

Every sentient being has a soul mired in material karmic particles that block its spiritual path. Karma must be burned off to achieve liberation.

It presents a highly rigid understanding of human existence. Within that structure, however, human beings are always free.

Ritual, Worship, Devotion,

Symbolism

Rites and CeremoniesJAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

Buddhist ritual calendars vary widely.Although Buddha’s Birthday,New Year and rituals related to death are the same.

It has always been a religion of practice, of ritual acts, of rites, and of ceremonies.

Rituals differ by sect, but generally include fasts, devotional worship, and meditation.

Worship and Devotion in Daily LifeJAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

Meditation, recitation of mantras, and household or temple puja performance. Daily observance of the five vows is essential for all jains.

The interrelationship between the two reflects a symbiosis that revolves around the concept of merit.

There is a vast array of rituals and ceremonies that take place in the context of daily life.

Ethics, Morality, Community

Community Organization and StructureJAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

They are divided into Digambar and Svetambar community Society is divided into renunciants and householders. There is no central religious authority but several individual spiritual leaders (acharyas).

The Buddhist institutions are deeply involved in local communities in a variety of ways, both religious and secular.

Hindu communities are organized in part by caste (as well as class, which is more of an economic than a religious categorization) and in part by sectarian affiliation.

Leadership/ClergyJAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

Renunciants are the cultural heroes and role models of Jainism. These mendicants own nothing and travel continually for food and shelter

Wear distinctive robes and devote their lives to religious practice and service.

Brahmins are members of the priestly caste, the sole keepers of the Vedas and performers of the rituals of Hindus.

Principles of Moral Thought and ActionJAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

Thoughts and actions of all Jains should be guided by dispassionate detachment and compassion in an effort to burn off existing karma and prevent its accrual.

karma, merit, and the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path provides guidelines for behavior that will lead to spiritual growth.

Dharma and karma are the underlying principles of nearly all conceptions of morality and ethics in Hinduism.

Vision for SocietyJAINISM HINDUISM BUDDHISM

a non-violent society that values animal and plant life alongside that of humans.

The social vision of Buddhism is to unite the entire cosmos and all beings within it into one harmonious whole..

The Hindu understanding of the ideal society is that it must be coherently and cohesively organized and maintained to promote order, dharma.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

BUDDHISM- SCHOLARS HAVE EMPHASISED THAT IT IS A PRACTISE OF MEDITATION OVER THE RITUAL AND DEVOTIONAL PRACTICE

JAINISM- TRADITIONAL STUDIES EMPHASISES ON THEORY OF JAIN KARMA MEDITATION WHICH HAVE EXPANDED IN RECENT YEARS TO INCLUDE SCHOLARSHIP. JAIN IDENTIFY IN RELATION TO HINDU MAJORITY

HINDUISM- THIS CONTEXT HAS OBJECTED TO WESTERN SCHOLARLY STEREOTYPES AND MISREPRESENTATIONS

THANK YOU