intelligent Urban Traffic Control

System

(KKKA 6424)

ITS deployment in kajang city

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Riza Atiq

Prepared by: Sarah hazim p65407

Rasha ahmed

p64799

31.may.2013

((ITS))

ITS is the system defined as the electronics, advanced technology, communications or information processing used singly or integrated to enhance safety, mobility, and the economic vitality of the surface transportation system. The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) makes automobiles and the road traffic infrastructure intellectual and information-oriented in an integrated way to provide a safe and comfortable traffic system.

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) include telematics and all types of communications in vehicles, between vehicles (e.g. car-to-car), and between vehicles and fixed locations (e.g. car-to-infrastructure). However, ITS are not restricted to Road Transport - they also include the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for rail, water and air transport, including navigation systems.

In general, the various types of ITS rely on radio services for communication and use specialized technologies.

ITS Goals and ObjectivesThis section addresses the goals and objectives for ITS in

kajang. The goals refer to ultimate outcomes that are coordinated with state wide goals of the transportation systems. The objectives represent specific deliverables from the ITS planning process.

Setting goals for ITS follows the general areas outlined in the national ITS program. Those goal areas include:

1. Traveller safety2. Traveller mobility3. Transportation system efficiency4. Productivity of transportation providers5.Conservation of energy and protection of the environment.

ITS Plan ObjectivesThe main objectives of the plan include the following:1. Develop an ITS vision and strategic direction for kajang.2. Develop a framework for coordinating ITS activities with the mission

and strategic direction, other relevant agencies, as well as among various stakeholders

3. Identify high priority ITS projects (technologies to be deployed, location of deployment and plan for deployment)

4. Identify the needed organizational changes and required resources for meeting the ITS Plan objectives in kajang

5. Coordinate ITS activities at the state level with local and regional ITS initiatives.

6. Coordinate ITS activities in kajang with neighboring states as well as the national ITS program, ITS Architecture, and ITS standards

7. Raise the awareness of ITS in the kajang.8. Develop a process to continually share information both internally

within the city center of kajang as well as with others cities to keep the plan up to date (ITS Core Group)

Advantages And Disadvantages

Advantages Of ITS1.Improved safety2.Better traffic flow3.Lower travel cost4.Better environmental quality5.Increased business activity6.Greater user acceptance7.Better travel information8.Better planning information

Disadvantages Of ITS

1.Difficult to use in mixed traffic

2.Preliminary difficulties in understanding

3.ITS equipment costly

4.The control system software could be hacked by

hackers

Faster Vehicle Growth Rate

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Traffic congestion is a road condition characterized

by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased

queuing. It occurs when roadway demand is

greater than its capacity. A period of extreme

traffic congestion is colloquially known as a traffic

jam.

PROPOSE AND OPTIMIZE TRAFFIC CONTROL AT JALAN Reko

The proposed ITS bid for Jalan Reko comprises a Kajang

Intelligent Transport

System Control Centre.

A new transport control centre would be the focus for traffic

signals, network management and passenger transport operations

in the pilot area facilitating the following improvements:

• Integration of systems

• Expansion of existing systems

• Development of new systems and services

The development of the proposal is still at an early stage, but specific areas that are being considered for inclusion include improved the coordination of all network management areas will help to carry out the highway authority by the Traffic Management, for example, enabling a quicker response to incidents on the network, thereby reducing delays to both car travellers and public transport users alike. This will include improving the way the following systems work together: • Traffic signals • Improved coordination of road works, special events • New car park information signs • New traffic information message signs • CCTV cameras • Travel information (including real time bus passenger information, incidents on the network, etc) • Out of hours cover and emergency response to highways incidents

ITS ARCHITECTUREThe National ITS Architecture provides a common

framework for planning, defining and integrating intelligent transportation systems. It was developed through broad participation from

transportation practitioners, systems engineers, system developers, technology specialists, consultants, etc. over the last ten years. The architecture defines:

I. The functions that are required for ITS (i.e., collection of traffic information)

II.The physical entities or subsystems where these functions reside (i.e., the roadside or the vehicle)

III.The information flows and data flows that connect these functions and physical subsystems together into an integrated system.

Linking ITS to the Transport Planning Process

ITS needs to be integrated into the local or regional

transportation plan. An ITS architecture supports this

integration by forcing all involved to identify the

intended relationship between ITS and conventional

transportation plans and solutions. It can also add

substance to those plans through the definition of what is

required to provide which services and the priority for

their implementation.

Traffic Control system

Designing, implementing, optimizing and adjusting urban traffic control

systems involves quite some effort and knowledge. Due to several

reasons, changing environments not always lead to changes in the traffic

control units. Adjusting a traffic control unit is a costly and timely affair.

Suffolk County Accessible Transportation (SCAT)

Split, Cycle and Offset Optimization Technique (SCOOT)

Intelligent Traffic Adaptive Control Area (ITACA)

Blind Spot System (BLISS)

Signal Operations Analysis Package (SOAP)

Max band

Rondo

Smart Surveillance systemArchitectures:

there are three different types of smart surveillance

architectures .

The outputs of video cameras are recorded digitally and

simultaneously analyzed by the smart surveillance server,

which produces real time alerts and a rich video index.

The types and parameters of the alerts are user configurable.

Architectures of smart surveillance system

Active Smart Surveillance Architecture (ASSA): The uses:1.Face Cataloguer: This is a system which aims to non-intrusively acquire a high-resolution face images of all people passing through a space, Here ASSA detects and tracks people and uses the active cameras to zoom in and acquire high resolution face pictures.

2.2. Multi-scale Video: This is a system which automatically allocates higher resolution to portions of the scene which have certain predetermined types of activity. For example, all cars that are moving with high speed through a parking lot may be imaged at a higher resolution through the active cameras

A Traffic Monitoring System

• Traffic signal light can be optimized using vehicle flow statistics obtained by

Smart Video Surveillance Software (SVSS). At present, one of the biggest

problems in the main city in any country is the traffic jam during office hour

and office break hour. Sometimes it can be seen that the traffic signal green

light is still ON even though there is no vehicle coming. Similarly, it is also

observed that long queues of vehicles are waiting even though the road is

empty due to traffic signal light selection without proper investigation on

vehicle flow. This can be handled by adjusting the vehicle passing time

implementing by our developed SVSS.

Vehicle detection techniques

Model based detection

Region based detection

Active contour based detection

Feature based detection

Vehicle Detection with Wireless Sensors

• Traffic detection is a fundamental component of the planning

and operation of local roads and highways in California. While

installing and maintaining the inductive loop detectors that are

traditionally used to detect traffic can be expensive, a unique

new technology called the Sensys wireless vehicle detection

system (VDS) is proving to lower the lifecycle costs associated

with detecting traffic.

Communication

Intelligent Transportation Systems vary in technologies applied,

from basic management systems such as car navigation, traffic

signal control systems, variable message signs or speed cameras

to monitoring applications such as security CCTV systems, and

then to more advanced applications which integrate live data

and feedback from a number of other sources, such as Parking

Guidance and Information systems, weather information, bridge

de-icing systems, and the like. Additionally, predictive

techniques are being developed, to allow advanced modelling

and comparison with historical baseline data.

kinds of Communication

• Wireless Communication

• Computational Technologies

• Floating Car Data (FCD)

• Sensing Technologies

• Inductive Loop Detection

• Video Vehicle Detection

• Short range communications are used for less than 500 yards.

Short Range Wireless Communication

Sensing Technologies

• Sensing technologies have greatly enhanced the

technical capabilities and safety benefits of Intelligent

Transportation Systems around the world. These

sensors include inductive loops that can sense the

vehicles' speed, the number of vehicles passing as

well as the size of these vehicles

Video Vehicle Detection

Most video detection systems require some initial configuration to teach, processor the baseline background image. This usually involves inputting known measurements such as the distance between lane lines or the height of the camera above the roadway. The typical output from a video detection system is lane-by-lane vehicle speeds, counts and lane occupancy readings. Some systems provide additional outputs including gap, headway, stopped-vehicle detection and wrong-way vehicle alarms.

Variable massage system (VMS)

• is an electronic traffic sign often used on roadways to

give travelers information about special events. Such

signs warn of traffic congestion, accidents, incidents,

roadwork zones, or speed limits on a specific highway

segment. In urban areas, VMS are used within parking

guidance and information systems to guide drivers to

available car parking spaces.

kinds of VMS• Portable variable-message signs

• Radar speed sign

Our Study Objective :

Determining the optimum cycle time, green time split and offset for study area.

Methodology

Site visit :

Visit the site to get firsthand knowledge of the area such as the

number of lanes distances between intersections, phasing

sequences, turning penalties, signal timing, traffic volumes, etc.

These information shall be collected so as to assist in the planning

for further work.

Our calculations

The study is usually carried out to collect traffic data for all

directional flow at three intersections in the study area

along Jalan Reko, Kajang. In this study, the survey was

carried out on working days, the following pictures will

show the study area .

Study area

The counts were carried out during one hour in the morning

peak, from 7:30 am to 8:30 am. All computation is based on

traffic flows in pcu/hr as shown in the following tables:

Traffic flow(vehicle type) Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

cars 500 436 361

Lori<5 39 110 27

Lori>5 11 5 9

Motor cycle 350 215 120

bus 15 19 7

Mini bus 13 18 12

First Intersection :

The following table shows the PCU coefficients:

No Vehicles Passengers car units 1 Car 1 2 Lorry < 5 ton 1.75 3 Lorry > 5 ton 2.25 4 Trailer 3 5 Mini Bus 2.5 6 Bus 2.75 7 Motorcycle 0.35

Phase Actual flow (pcu/hr)

saturation flow per lane (pcu/hr)

saturation flow (pcu/hr)

Y= flow/saturation flow

Green time split

Y / ∑y

(Y / ∑y) *Ge

1 790 1800 3600 0.22 0.37 19

2 812 1800 3600 0.23 0.39 20

3 519 1800 3600 0.14 0.24 12

∑y=0.59 ∑=51

The final data

Phase Actual flow (pcu/hr)

saturation flow per lane (pcu/hr)

saturation flow (pcu/hr)

Y= flow/saturation flow

Green time split

Y / ∑y

(Y / ∑y) *Ge

1 991 1800 3600 0.28 0.42 29

2 950 1800 3600 0.26 0.39 27

3 477 1800 3600 0.13 0.19 13

∑y=0.67 ∑=69

Second intersection data

Phase Actual flow (pcu/hr)

saturation flow per lane (pcu/hr)

saturation flow (pcu/hr)

Y= flow/saturation flow

Green time split

Y / ∑y

(Y / ∑y) *Ge

1 763 1800 3600 0.21 0.309 22

2 1091 1800 3600 0.30 0.441 31

3 602 1800 3600 0.17 0.25 18

∑y=0.68 ∑=71

Third intersection data

We choose the maximum value of C₀ = 86 and make recalculation for the green time, and the new results in the table below:Ge=Co-L =86-15=71

phase Intersection 1 Intersection 2 Intersection 3

Green Time = (Y/∑ Y)*Ge

Green Time = (Y/∑ Y)*Ge

Green Time = (Y/∑ Y)*Ge

Phase 1 26 30 22

Phase 2 28 28 31

Phase 3 17 13 18

∑=71 ∑=71 ∑=71

First intersectionSecond intersection

Third intersection

CONCLUSION

The proposed communication system, described in this report and

the subject of this project, responds to an immediate need to ITS

implementers throughout kajang city. There is a need for a

reliable, cost-effective, and convenient communication method

between the various remote field devices, such as traffic sensors,

and a central workstation within an ATMS in any urbanized area.