• SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL

VOLUME 16 . NUMBER 2 . JUNE 1962 230 PARK AVENUE· NEW YORK 17, N. Y.

THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN LATIN AMERICA

ARE there ways in which the good offices of the Social Science Research Council can be extended to aid in the advancement of social science research and in the devel­opment of the social sciences outside the United States? This question has been raised with respect to Latin America.

As th~ countries of the southern hemisphere face the _array of problems that have arisen in connection with

efforts at economic growth, the high relevance of social science has become increasingly evident. If the social science disciplines were able to contribute proportion­ately to their pertinence, advance would be rapid indeed. It hardly seems necessary to argue the case for the appli­cability of social science research in countries faced by the need for land reform, the pressures of urban growth, the problems of industrialization, and the multiple ad­justments called for in family and traditional spheres in response to the demands of modern technology. How­ever, for the social sciences to contribute appropriately to the resolution of such questions, many handicaps must be recognized and reduced. The difficulties are largely expressions of the underdevelopment within the society itself. There are no easy prescriptions, but an analysis of the situation may direct attention to certain measures worth attempting.

The plight of the social sciences in Latin America is one expression of the conditions confronting the univer­sities there. While there are exceptions, and efforts at improvement are being made, the general academic pic­ture is predominantly that of part-time faculty and part-

_ time students, both suffering from distractions and de-• mands that limit their time and energy for scholarly and

scientific pursuits. The professor complains of overly

by Pendleton Herring

large classes and tired and indifferent students. He is poorly paid and overworked, and has virtually no oppor­tunity for research on his own. He must work at one or even two jobs other than his academic duties in order to gain a livelihood. Such demands often result in inferior teaching and inadequate attention to the needs of indi­vidual students.

The organization of the university is such that the in­cumbent of each professorial chair is solely responsible for the course instruction within his special field and wields virtually complete authority over the staff of younger colleagues associated with his academic jurisdic­tion. This is in contrast to the departmental system in North American universities where, although depart­mental autonomy sometimes may be carried too far, the hazards of arbitrary judgment are at least tempered by the opinions of colleagues possessing substantial aca­demic independence.

Social mobility upward is the aim that motivates the great mass of students who demand admission to the crowded universities. As elsewhere, higher education holds out the best hope for the aspiring youth seeking to establish himself. Reference is frequently made to students who seem more desirous of gaining a degree than acquiring an education. Their aspirations are doubtless no different from the ambitions of youth gen­erally; but the pressures within the society are severe, and the resources of the universities are not equal to the strain. The result is overcrowding, discontent, and fre­quent student protests. Students strike in the hope of forcing improvement in the level of instruction and the conduct of examinations. In other words, political pro­test is only one cause of student unrest.

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Prevailing admission policies permit excessive enroll­ments and overburden the teaching staff. While only a limited percentage of the student body fulfill degree requirements, a large proportion unduly prolong their academic connections. Customary methods call for more classroom hours than are considered necessary in North American institutions. However, both library and labo­ratory facilities are so inadequate that independent work on the part of the student is hardly feasible.

A visitor soon discovers ample and vocal discontent with prevailing academic practices and conditions. It is easier to see what is wrong, however, than to suggest ac­ceptable means of achieving the drastic changes that are required. Viewed in the large, the problems seem stag­gering, but the visitor is most impressed with the lack of complacency and the centers of excellence that do exist. In these, able and enterprising academic leaders demonstrate that high standards can be maintained.

Within this academic setting that leaves so much to be desired in terms of present-day standards, distinguished contributions have been made by individual scholars in the scattered research institutes. In this situation an or­ganization standing solely and staunchly for the advance­ment of the social sciences could be a rallying point. Such a body could provide opportunities for collabora­tive efforts by social scientists and thus enable them both to strengthen their own university programs and to tran­scend institutional, disciplinary, and national bound­aries in cooperative endeavor to advance social science research throughout Latin America.

SUGGESTIONS FOR AN INTER-AMERICAN COUNCIL

It is pertinent, then, that within recent months several groups have proposed independently that an inter­American social science research "council" be organized. At the conference of sociologists from North and South America, held at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, last August under the auspices of the Joint Committee on Latin American Studies,! it was suggested that an organization compar­able to the Social Science Research Council should be established. Such a body might be turned to for research assistance and might also serve as an intermediary to ad­minister research funds. The functions of such an agency were indicated in more detail in the report of a task force of consultants to the Agency for International De­velopment.2 This group, in proposing an initial program

1 For a report on this conference, "The Social Sciences: Parochial or Cosmopolitan?" by Bryce Wood and Charles Wagley, see Items, Decem­ber 1961, pp. 41-45.

2 "Proposed Initial Program for Support of Science and Technology in Latin America" (mimeo., October 1961).

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for support of science and technology in Latin America, directed attention to what might be done for the social sciences, among other fields. The report was simply ad­visory, and what may come of its recommendations re­mains to be determined. The proposal for the establish-e ment of an inter-American social science research council was presented as follows:

The Need: Some mechanism must be found to lead and stimu­late the development of the social sciences in Latin America, and to bring together the professional communities of the Americas into active collaboration. An Inter-American Social Science Research Council could: (1) Act as a clearing house to bring Latin American and U. S.

scholars and universities together to develop cooperative programs of research, training, and scholarly exchange in the fields of the social sciences.

(2) Initiate and administer fellowships and grants to further research and training of social scientists.

(3) Serve in an advisory capacity to organizations and institu­tions with active programs supporting social sciences in Latin America.

(4) Sponsor and/or undertake surveys and studies of problems and needs for advancement of the social sciences.

(5) Organize, support, and encourage exchange of information and ideas among social scientists through institutes, confer­ences, and seminars.

Procedure: It is suggested that the Social Science Research Coun­cil be requested to initiate discussions with Latin American and o~er foundati?ns, institutions, and individuals as [to] the feasi­bIlIty of formmg the Inter-American Social Science Research Council. !f fou~d feas~ble, the SSRC could serve as a sponsor, and prOVIde active assIstance, to the new institution.s

During December 19-23, 1961, a Round Table on Culture Shock and Social Change was heJd in Mexico.a City, concurrently with the Seventh Inter-American. Congress of Psychology. Organized by CISAC, the Cen-ter for Social Investigations with offices in Monterrey, Mexico City, and Austin, Texas, the Round Table con­sisted primarily of anthropologists, psychologists, social psychiatrists, and sociologists from throughout North and South America. Support from the Agency for Inter­national Development made it possible for participants from South America to attend the Round Table. Rogelio Diaz Guerrero of the University of Mexico, who served with Wayne H. Holtzman as a co-chairman of the Round Table, was largely responsible for the initial invitations to Latin American participants.

The Round Table formulated a statement that re­viewed the characteristics of social science activities in Latin America. The following excerpts indicate the nature of this analysis:

Information gathered at the Round Table reveals marked differences in the degree of progress achieved by Latin American countries. Brazil and Mexico, for example, have a variety of centers that have already realized some degree of success in developing relatively stable programs of research dealing with problems of social change, urbanization and industrialization education, and psychological development. Such countries a~ Bolivia and Ecuador, however, have very little research activity e or training in the s~cial sciences. Only the introductory aspects of anthropology, sOCIology, or psychology are covered in existing

3 Ibid., p. 107.

training centers. Most countries have institutions falling be· tween these two extremes, institutions that show great promise of further development if properly stimulated.

In recent years, organizations such as UNESCO and OAS have occasionally published directories of social science institutions throughout Latin America. Although some of the listed institu­tions are active in their stated fields, many others function in name only. Still others are unable to function properly for a variety of reasons in spite of competent individuals associated with them ....

Universities in Latin America have developed strong tradi­tions of distinguished scholarship and creativity in the humani­ties and arts; comparable devefopments in the social sciences, however, have been generally lacking, particularly in those fields concerned with contemporary man in society such as psychology, sociology, and cultural anthropology. A number of special prob­lems are created by this lack of tradition which becomes particu­larly critical in conducting detailed scientific research. Some of the more crucial factors that have impeded the development of the social sciences in Latin America are outlined below:

1. With the possible exception of economics, tlle social sci­ences in Latin America have remained predominantly in the earlier philosophic and synthetic traditions. Consequently, Latin American universities have had little experience with the prob­lem of encouraging the growth of scientific competence in fields concerned with the social behavior of man.

2. Most Latin American universities are plagued by too many part-time faculty members with inadequate salaries, forcing most of the faculty to make multiple professional commitments that distract them from their main occupations of teaching and research.

3. In most Latin American universities the lack of adequate material resources--books, journals, desk calculators, and com­puter facilities--severely handicaps the social scientist and his students. In some cases, a very modest investment in facilities would yield high returns.

4. Currently, there is a shortage of technically competent field mvesug .. tors who can work effectively under professional super­vision. Because of the generally low prestige attributed to field­work ... , this shortage will not be easily overcome unless long­term research programs can be inaugurated.

5. In tlle absence of visible career opportunities and strong disciplinary models, students often fail to see the necessity of developing the quantitative and linguistic skills required for original research. Failure to realize tlle importance of both de­scriptive and inferential statistics, of sampling theory and stratifi­cation, of base-line data for the future study of social change, and of such concepts as reliability and validity of measurement frequently leads to wasted effort and erroneous or incomplete conclusions.

6. Administrators are ill-prepared to understand the difficul­ties of a scientific approach to social problems, an approach which requires long years of special methodological training as well as sophistication in theoretical issues. Too frequently the social scientist is forced to make policy recommendations to gov­ernment solely on the basis of personal experience and a quick survey of relevant literature, rather than on the basis of sys­tematic scientific investigation.

7. Impatience and a sense of urgency in seeking quick answers to complex issues too frequently lead to superficiality and in­completeness of research, particularly where administrative de­cisions are involved.

8. Lack of stable, attractive, long-range career opportunities for the competent social scientist interested in conducting re­search has proved frustrating to the small group of young Latin American social scientists who have been trained recently and who are dedicated to research on contemporary social problems in Latin America. Any long-term program of development must include special efforts to provide satisfactory career op­portunities for social scientists in Latin America once they are trained.4

~ "Report and Recommendations of the Round Table on Culture Shock and Social Change ... December 19-23, 1961" (mimeo.), pp. 2-3.

The Round Table offered a number of recommenda­tions relating to exchanges of personnel, the use of short­term expert consultants in research projects, encourage­ment to the younger social scientists, the interchange of books and journals, summer language courses in Spanish and Portuguese, and additional conferences.

The final recommendation called for a research board or council, because of the crucial need for international and interdisciplinary research on contemporary social issues in the Americas, and the lack of a "suitable mecha­nism for dealing with major questions of policy and planning or for evaluating proposals in this area." 5 The participants in the Round Table considered it essential that the proposed board have the following characteris­tics: It should be nonpolitical; composed solely of recog­nized social scientists actively engaged in research, and "drawn from throughout the Americas"; interdiscipli­nary, "representing in particular the several fields of social science bearing directly upon the behavior of man in society and such contemporary social issues as culture shock and social change." The board should be small enough for "effective decision-making" but large enough to represent major viewpoints. The term of membership should be long enough and appointments sufficiently staggered to assure continuity of policy and standards. The board should have authority to select its own con­sultants and advisers; to select and employ staff for what­ever activities it might deem necessary; to make grants from funds at its disposal to individuals or organizations "which, in its opinion, would contribute substantially to the development of a high standard of research and train­ing in the social sciences in Latin America." II The follow­ing criteria were suggested for application in considera­tion of proposals for grants: the expected extent of effective coordination between individuals or organiza­tions in two or more countries; the extent of concern with contemporary social issues; the demonstrated com­petence of the principal investigators; the extent to which the project would contribute to research training of social scientists; the degree to which the project would serve to stimulate more permanent research activities.

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In the light of these developments the present writer had an opportunity during the month of February to talk with leading social scientists in Bogota, Lima, San­tiago de Chile, Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. These conversations were informal and limited to the individuals who could be interviewed in the course of a brief visit. But the responses were uniformly favorable. All agreed that an inter-American organiza­tion was to be preferred, at least at the outset, and that it should be broadly interdisciplinary. There was accept-

5 Ibid., p. 5. 8 Ibid., p. 6.

ance of the views concerning the professional, scientific, and nonpolitical nature of the proposed organization as expressed at the Mexico City meeting.

The proposal for a council was placed before the Coun­cilon Higher Education in the American Republics at its meeting in Rio de Janeiro in March and met with a sympathetic hearing.

The next step will be to hold a meeting possibly this summer in Latin America to plan at least tentatively a program of conferences on topics of common interest and to consider the problems of organization, member- • ship, staffing, and financing, that would be involved in getting under wayan inter-American research council for the social sciences.

COMMITTEE BRIEFS

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC CENSUS DATA

John Perry Miller (chairman), Francis M. Boddy. Robert W. Burgess, Howard C. Grieves, Frank A. Hanna, George J. Stigler, Ralph J. Watkins, J. Fred Weston.

Changes in the Location of Manufacturing in the United States Since 1929, by Victor R. Fuchs, was published by the Yale University Press on April 25. It is the first of several publications expected to result from the studies initiated by the committee in cooperation with the Bureau of the Census as part of an effort to bring to wider and more critical atten­tion the data collected in the censuses of manufacturing and of business. It is expected that the manuscript of a second volume, "Concentration in the Manufacturing Industries: A Mid-Century Report," by Ralph L. Nelson, will be ready for the press by mid-summer.

CONTEMPORARY CHINA: SUBCOMMITTEE

of Pittsburgh. Memoranda also were prepared and circu­lated, on the following subjects: utilization of documentary sources in research on Soviet society, by Mark G. Field, Uni­versity of Illinois; limitations of traditional Chinese docu­ments for testing sociological hypotheses, by Robert M. Marsh, Cornell University.

The participants in the seminar, in addition to authors of papers and the members and staff of the subcommittee, were: Raymond A. Bauer, T'ung-tsu Ch'll, Merle Fainsod, David C. McClelland, Richard U. Moench, Benjamin Schwartz, and Ezra F. Vogel, all of Harvard University; Edwin G. Beal, Jr. and Osamu Shimizu of the Library of Congress; Francis L. K. Hsu of Northwestern University; H. C. Wang Liu, Palo Alto; G. Raymond Nunn of the Uni­versity of Hawaii; and Isadora Schurmann of the Univer­sity of California, Berkeley.

ON RESEARCH ON CHINESE SOCIETY ECONOMIC GROWTH

John C. Pelzel (chairman), Morton H. Fried, G. William Skinner; staff, Bryce Wood.

The second seminar planned by the subcommittee, on documentary research on contemporary Chinese society, was held at the Hotel Commander, Cambridge, Mass., on March 30-Aprill, 1962. Papers prepared for the seminar and cir­culated in advance included: "Notes on the Use of Fiction for the Study of Chinese Society," by Ai-Ii S. Chin, Harvard University; "Some Sources for Research on Stratification and Mobility in Ming-Ch'ing Society," by Ping-ti Ho, University of British Columbia; "Chinese Communist Documentary Sources," by Anderson Shih, Union Research Institute, Hong Kong; "Methodological Notes on the Use of Docu­mentary Materials from Communist China," by H. Franz Schurmann. University of California, Berkeley; "Republic of China: Sources of Primary Data on Population Trends and Characteristics," and "Sources of Demographic Statis­tics: China," by Irene B. Taeuber, Princeton University; "A Preliminary Checklist of Reference and Source Materials for the Study of Chinese Society of the Republican Period," by Eugene Wu, Hoover Institution, with comments by James T. C. Liu, Stanford University; "Notes on Categories of Traditional Chinese Documentary Sources and Their Soci­ological Relevance," and "Supplementary Comments on 'Random Notes as a Source,'" by C. K. Yang, University

Simon Kuznets (chairman), Richard Hartshorne, Melville J. Herskovits, Bert F. Hoselitz, Wilbert E. Moore, Neil J. Smelser, Joseph J. Spengler.

The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, containing an introduction by Richard R. Nelson and revisions of 23 papers prepared for a confer­ence held on May 12-14, 1960 at the University of Minne­sota under joint sponsorship of the committee and the Uni­versities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Re­search, was published in March by the Princeton University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research as Vol­ume 13 in its Special Conference Series."Quantitative As­pects of the Economic Growth of Nations: VII. The Share and Structure of Consumption," a seventh essay based on the chairman's comparative studies of economic growth, was published as a supplement to the January 1962 issue of Eco­nomic Development and Cultural Change.

EXCHANGES WITH ASIAN INSTITUTIONS

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John K. Fairbank (chairman), George E. Taylor, C. Mar­tin Wilbur, Mary C. Wright; staff, Bryce Wood.

The committee held its first meeting in Boston on April e 2, 1962 to select social scientists for participation in the de­velopment of research at certain Asian institutions, under

the program being initiated this year with support from the Ford Foundation. The following two appointments have subsequently been made: Knight Biggerstaff, Professor of Chinese History at Cornell University, for research on edu­cational development in China, 1900-1925, at the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taipei; and Albert Feuerwerker, Associate Professor of History, University of Michigan, for research on imperialism in China, 1895-1905, at the Institute of Modern History and at the Toyo Bunko (Oriental Library), Tokyo.

MATHEMATICS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

Patrick Suppes (chairman), David Blackwell, James S. Coleman, Clyde H. Coombs, Robert Dorfman, W. K. Estes, Howard Raiffa; staff, Francis H. Palmer.

Under the sponsorship of the committee a conference of senior investigators in the fields of learning theory and prob­lems of choice and measurement will meet for eight weeks at Stanford University during the summer of 1962. In addi­tion to Messrs. Suppes, Coombs, and Estes, the participants will include Richard C. Atkinson and Gordon H. Bower, Stanford University; J. David Birch, University of Michi­gan; Robert R. Bush, Eugene H. Galanter, and R. Duncan Luce, University of Pennsylvania; Robert E. Dear, System Development Corporation; Roger N. Shepard, Bell Tele­phone Laboratories; and Joseph L. Zinnes, University of Indiana. Similar conferences of senior scientists concerned with applications of mathematical models in other areas of

a social science will be arranged for 1963. The committee will ., welcome suggestions for the organization of such confer­

ences. Communications should be addressed to the com­mittee at the office of the Council.

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SLAVIC AND EAST EUROPEAN GRANTS (Joint with American Council of Learned Societies)

Evsey D. Domar (chairman), Deming Brown, Henry L. Roberts, George Y. Shevelov, Donald W. Treadgold; staff, Gordon B. Turner.

In addition to the grants for research listed on page 22 infra, the committee on February 10 made one award to assist publication of the results of research: to Pertti J. Pelto, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Cornell University, to­ward publication by the Finnish Antiquities Society of "In­dividualism in Skolt Lapp Society."

SOCIALIZATION AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE

John A. Clausen (chairman), Orville G. Brim, Jr., Alex Inkeles, Ronald Lippitt, Eleanor E. Maccoby, M. Brewster Smith; staff, Francis H. Palmer.

The conference on observational techniques in research on child development, which was organized for the commit­tee by Marian Radke Yarrow and Harold L. Raush of the National Institute of Mental Health, was held on March 18-20 at Gould House, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. Discussion was focused principally on presentations by Roger G. Barker of the University of Kansas, Sidney W. Bijou of the University

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of Washington, and John D. Benjamin of the University of Colorado, of techniques and analytic approaches in observa­tion of interactions between adults and children in social settings. Working papers or brief descriptions of their own experiences in the use of observational techniques were circulated in advance of the conference by most of the par­ticipants: "Interaction Sequences," Harold L. Raush and Richard A. Littman, University of Oregon; "Observations on Research," Marian Radke Yarrow; "A Plea for Coded Specimen Records," John Harding, Cornell University; "The Influence of Child Rearing Practices on the Behavior of Preschool Blind Children," Sadako Imamura, Harvard University; "The Observation of Children's Behavior-A Cross-Cultural Approach," John W. M. Whiting, Harvard University; "Analysis of Behavior Observations," Beatrice B. Whiting, Harvard University; memorandum on a concept of developmental issues, D. Wells Goodrich, National Insti­tute of Mental Health; an illustrative "Condensed Be­havioral Summary," John D. Benjamin; memorandum on family relationships, Daniel R. Miller, University of Michi­gan; "Instruments Used for the Study of Family Interaction by the Revealed Difference Method," Fred L. Strodtbeck and Anthony Kallet, both of the University of Chicago; "Maternal Care and Infant Behavior in Japan," William Caudill, National Institute of Mental Health; "Interper­sonal Behavior of Children and Their Associates in City and Town," Herbert F. Wright, University of Kansas; "The Social-Psychological Environments of Disabled and Non­disabled Children," Phil Schoggen, University of Oregon; "Mother-Infant Relations as a Problem in Communication," Stuart A. Altmann, University of Alberta; and a memoran­dum on considerations relating to structured and unstruc­tured observations, Eleanor E. Maccoby. Other participants included Messrs. Clausen and Palmer, and B. Irven DeVore, University of California, Berkeley, who presented a film on the behavior of feral baboons in Africa, which he and Sher­wood L. Washburn of the same university had produced.

A report on the accomplishments of the work group on research on relations between social class variables and so­cialization experiences of the child, which met at the Uni­versity of Michigan during 1960-61, is being prepared under the direction of Harold M. Proshansky, now of Brooklyn College. Three additional work groups have been supported by the committee during the current year. One on research on sex differences in socialization meets at Stanford Univer­sity under the chairmanship of Mrs. Maccoby and includes Sanford M. Dornbusch, David Hamburg, and Lawrence Kohlberg. That on ordinal position and family size as fac­tors in socialization met during the fall semester at the Uni­versity of California, Berkeley, under the chairmanship of Mr. Clausen. The other participants were Paul Mussen, Edward Sampson, William Smelser, Louis Stewart, Ann Stout, and Milton Yinger. The third, on the classroom as a context for socialization, organized by John C. Glidewell of the St. Louis County Health Department, meets in St. Louis and consists of Richard deCharms, Mildred B. Kantor, Paul Painter, Louis M. Smith, and Lorene A. Stringer, with Beverly B. Carter serving as research assistant.

PERSONNEL RESEARCH TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS

The Committee on Social Science Personnel-Wayne H. Holtzman (chairman), Harry Alpert, M. Margaret Ball, George H. Hildebrand, David M. Schneider, and Paul Web­bink-at its meeting on March 19-20 voted a total of 53 awards, 5 postdoctoral and 48 predoctoral research training fellowships, of which 16 made provision for completion of doctoral dissertations. The complete list follows:

Samuel E. Allen, Ph.D. candidate in history, Clark Uni­versity, for research on the effectiveness of the zemstvo as an agent of political and civic regeneration in tsarist Russia, 1864-1905.

Stuart Altman, Ph.D. candidate in economics, University of California, Los Angeles, for research on unemploy­ment in the secondary labor force.

Harvey Averch, Ph.D. candidate in economics, University of North Carolina, postdoctoral fellowship for further training in mathematics.

Reginald Bartholomew, Ph.D. candidate in political sci­ence, University of Chicago, for a comparative study in France of political parties and Western European politics.

Robert S. Cahill, Ph.D. candidate in political science, Uni­versity of Oregon, for completion of a dissertation on small group decision-making: the family and television.

Myron L. Cohen, Ph.D. candidate in anthropology, Co­lumbia University, for research in Taiwan and Hong Kong on social groups in rural southeastern China and their integration at the village level.

Robert M. Cook, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Princeton University, for further training in sociological theory and methodology and research on personality and group structure.

Ray Ellsworth Cubberly, Ph.D. candidate in modern Eu­ropean history, University of Wisconsin, for research in France and completion of a dissertation on the Com­mittee of General Security and the revolutionary gov­ernment of France during the Terror (1793-94).

Scott M. Eddie, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Massachu­setts Institute of Technology, for advanced language training and research in the United States on agricul­ture in an industrializing economy, with special refer­ence to Hungary.

Gerald D. Feldman, Ph.D. candidate in history, Harvard University, and Social Science Research Council re­search training fellow 1961-62, for research in Germany and completion of a dissertation on the role of the army in German political and economic life, 1916-18.

Robert M. Fogelson, Ph.D. candidate in history, Harvard University, for research on the urban development of Los Angeles, 1850-1930.

William W. Freehling, Ph.D. candidate in history, Uni­versity of California, Berkeley, for research on the socio­economic causes of the South Carolina nullification controversy.

Zelda F. Gamson, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Harvard University, for research on adaptations of organizations to the characteristics of their members.

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Marysa Gerassi, Ph.D. candidate in history, Columbia University, for completion of a dissertation on rightist a authoritarian ideology in Argentina, 1930-55. •

Donald E. Ginter, Ph.D. candidate in history, University of California, Berkeley, and Social Science Research Council research training fellow 1961-62, for research and completion of a dissertation in England on the dis­integration of the Whig Party, 1789-94.

J. David Greenstone, Ph.D. candidate in IJolitical science, University of Chicago, for research and completion of a dissertation on labor politics in Chicago, Detroit, and Los Angeles.

Richard C. Harris, Ph.D. candidate in geography, Uni­versity of Wisconsin, for research in Canada on the evo­lution of the commercial agricultural economy of New France, 1608-1760.

Alan Harwood, Ph.D. candidate in anthropology, Colum­bia University, for an ethnographic study in southwest­ern Tanganyika of the Kinga of that region, with par­ticular emphasis on their subsistence, economy, and sociopolitical organization.

Leighton W. Hazlehurst, Ph.D. candidate in anthropol­ogy, University of California, Berkeley, for research in India on family organization and urbanization in a northern city.

Bruce Herrick, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Massachu­setts Institute of Technology, for research in Chile on the interrelations of urban migration, unemployment, and the country's economic growth since World War II.

Patrick L. R. Higonnet, Ph.D. candidate in history, Har- -vard University, for research in France on divergent po- • Ii tical allegiances in two rural communities.

Robert W. Hodge, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Univer­sity of Chicago, for further training in statistics and research on social mobility in the metropolis.

Paul Hollander, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Princeton University, for comparative study in Euro{'e and the United States of anomie in totalitarian SOCIal systems.

Paul Kay, Ph.D. candidate in social anthropology, Har­vard University, postdoctoral fellowship for training at Stanford University in mathematics.

Roger M. Keesing, Ph.D. candidate in anthropology, Har­vard University, for research in Australia, Guadalcanal, and Malaita Island on the social structure and ecology of its Areare population.

Allen C. Kelley, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Stanford University, for research in Australia on the nature and significance of cycles in residential and railroad capital formation in that country, 1860-1930.

Gerald H. Kramer, Ph.D. candidate in political science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for further train­ing in mathematics and completion of a dissertation on a theoretical framework for empirical study of decision making.

Everett C. Ladd, Jr., Ph.D. candidate in government, Cornell University, for methodological training and re­search on Negro political leadership in the urban South. _

Lester B. Lave, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Harvard University, for completion of a dissertation on the meas-

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urement of technological change in United States agri­culture, 1850-1955.

Marvin Levine, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Indiana University, postdoctoral fellowship for further training at the University of Pennsylvania in mathematics and research on its application to behavior theory.

R. William Liddle, Ph.D. candidate in political science, Yale University, for research in Indonesia on the politi­cal role of provincial elite groups.

John D. Martz, III, Ph.D. candidate in political science, University of North Carolina, for research in Venezuela on its political party system.

Warren Leonard Mason, Ph.D. candidate in political sci­ence, University of Minnesota, for research on political behavior and social change in Great Britain since 1945.

James A. Mau, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, and Social Science Research Council research training fellow 1961-62, for research in Jamaica and completion of a dissertation on planned change and social unity in an emergent nation.

Charles W. McDougal, Ph.D. candidate in anthropology, University of New Mexico, and Social Science Research Council research training fellow 1960-61, for comple­tion of a dissertation on the social structure of the Hill Juang.

Glenn David McNeill, Ph.D. candidate in psychology, University of California, Berkeley, postdoctoral fellow­ship for training in linguistics and research on free association.

Charles C. Moskos, Jr., Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Uni­versity of California, Los Angeles, and Social Science Research Council research training fellow 1961-62, for research in British Guiana and completion of a disserta­tion on cohesion, disintegration, and elite groups in the West Indies.

Jeffrey B. Nugent, Ph.D. candidate in economics, New School for Social Research, for research in Greece and Sicily on the use of parametric programming and other econometric techniques in the allocation of investment in underdeveloped economies.

Michael B. Pulman, Ph.D. candidate in English history, University of California, Berkeley, for research in Great Britain on the Privy Council in the sixteenth century.

Richard R. Randolph, Ph.D. candidate in anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, and Social Science Research Council research training fellow 1961-62, for completion of a dissertation on the social organization of Negev Bedouins.

G. Micheal Riley, Ph.D. candidate in history, University of New Mexico, for archival research in Spain and com­pletion of a dissertation on the history of the Cortes Estate in colonial Mexico.

Dorothy Ross, Ph.D. candidate ~n history, Columbiayni­versity, for research on the life and mtellectual mflu­ence of G. Stanley Hall.

David Rothman, Ph.D. candidate in history, Harvard University, for research and completion of a disserta­tion on the United States Senate, 1870-1900.

Allan Henry Spear, Ph.D. candidate in history, Yale Uni­versity, for research on the acculturation of Southern Negroes in the urban North, 1915-41.

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Richard H. Tilly, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Unive:­sity of Wisconsin, and Social Science Research Council research training fellow 1961-62, for research and com­pletion of a dissertation in Germany on the role of private bankers in industrialization of the Rhineland, 1815-70.

Arpad von Lazar, Ph.D. candidate in political science, University of North Carolina, for research on relaxation of totalitarian controls in the Soviet bloc of nations.

Jacqueline Wei, Ph.D. candidate in linguistics, Yale Uni­versity, postdoctoral fellowship for further training and research on linguistic intuition.

Oliver E. Williamson, Ph.D. candidate in mathematical economics, Carnegie Institute of Technology, for re­search on the dynamic properties and empirical rele­vance of a behavioral model of the firm.

William E. Willmott, Ph.D. candidate in social anthro­pology, University of London, for research in Cambodia on the Chinese community.

Julian Wolpert, Ph.D. candidate in geography, University of Wisconsin, for completion of a dissertation on the rationality of farming in central Sweden.

Calvin A. Woodward, Ph.D. candidate in political science, Brown University, for research in England and Ceylon on its parties and party system.

William E. Wright, Ph.D. candidate in political science, Vanderbilt University, for research in France and Ger­many on party membershil> and party identification in contemporary German politics.

Harriet Anne Zuckerman, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Columbia University, for research on social contexts and social processes in the growth of science: a socio­logical comparison of the development of biology and sociology in the United States.

FACULTY RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

The Committee on Faculty Research Fellowships-John Useem (chairman), Lawrence E. Fouraker, John D. Lewis, Gardner Lindzey, Joseph J. Mathews, and George E. Mowry -held the second of its two meetings scheduled for 1961-62 on March 26. It awarded the following 13 fellowships:

Gordon E. Baker, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, for research on legislative representation and political power.

Charles A. Barker, Professor of American History, Johns Hopkins University, for a. study of American "c,;mvic­tions": a history of public thought from colomal to recent times.

Mark Blaug, Assistant .Professor of Ec~momics, Yale Uni­versity, for research m France, BelgIUm, and Germa!1y on the pattern of innovations in European cotton textIle industries.

Urie Bronfenbrenner, Professor of Child Development and Family Relationships, Cornell University,.r0~ co~­parative study in Zurich ~nd Mosco~ of ~pbnngmg m the family and the boardmg school m SWItzerland and the Soviet Union.

Richard Glover, Professor of History, University of Mani­toba, for research in Great Britain on British military and diplomatic history, 1806-14.

William H. Goetzmann, Assistant Professor of History, Yale University, for research on exploration in the trans-Mississippi West in the nineteenth century.

John C. Harsanyi, Professor of Economics, Wayne State University, for research on bargaining solutions for co­operative and noncooperative games.

Bert James Loewenberg, Professor of History, Sarah Law­rence College, for research in England on Darwin, Dar­winism, and history.

Peter A. Munch, Professor of Sociology, Southern Illinois University, for research in England on the Tristan da Cunha community in Calshot.

William N. Parker, Professor of Economics, University of North Carolina, for research on the growth of produc­tivity in American agriculture, 1840-1910.

Edwin Terry Prothro, Professor of Psychology, American University of Beirut, for research in Greece on rural and urban patterns of child rearing in that country.

John T. Saywell, Assistant Professor of History, University of Toronto, for analysis of the development and present position of Canadian political parties.

Gerhard L. Weinberg, Associate Professor of History, Uni­versity of Michigan, for research in Germany on its for­eign policy in relation to internal and military policy, 1933-45.

GRANTS-IN-AID

The Committee on Grants-in-Aid-Vincent H. Whitney (chairman), Paul J. Bohannan, Alfred D. Chandler, Holland Hunter, William H. Riker, and Gordon Wright-held the second of its two meetings scheduled for 1961-62 on March 12-13. It awarded 20 grants-in-aid:

Eugene L. Asher, Assistant Professor of History, Long Beach State College, for research in France on the political and administrative activities of the parish clergy under Louis XIV, 1660-1715.

James J. Barnes, Instructor in History, Amherst College, for a quantitative analytical study of the London book trade in the nineteenth century.

Hugo Adam Bedau, Fellow in Law and Philosophy, Har­vard University Law School, for research on death sen­tence convictions in New Jersey since 1907.

Marvin Bressler, Professor of Sociology, New York Univer­sity, for research on the influence of level and type of education on the economic values and behavior of religious groups.

Alan W. Brownsword, Assistant Professor of History, Long Beach State College, for research on the political history of Connecticut, 1817-29.

Roy E. Carter, Jr., Professor of Journalism and Sociology, University of Minnesota, for research in South America on the information functions of the mass media in Santiago, with respect to public affairs.

Robert W. Gillespie, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Illinois, for research on the determinants of behavior of the commercial banking system through development of a micro-analytic model suitable for computer simulation (joint project with Donald R. Hodgman).

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Donald R. Hodgman, Professor of Economics, University of Illinois, for research on the determinants of behavior of the commercial banking system through development of a micro-analytic model suitable for computer simu­lation (joint project with Robert W. Gillespie). a

Franklyn D. Holzman, Professor of Economics, Tufts Uni- _ versity, for an analytical survey of theories of inflation.

G. Edward Janosik, Associate Professor of Political Sci­ence, University of Pennsylvania, for research in Eng­land on relationships between local and national Labor Party organizations.

David Kaplan, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Bran­deis University, for research in Mexico on the political economy of a contemporary pre-industrial city.

Peter B. Kenen, Associate Professor of Economics, Colum­bia University, for research in Europe on international movements of capital and the stability of monetary arrangements.

Peter Koestenbaum, Associate Professor of Philosophy, San Jose State College, for research on the interrelation of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and the social sciences.

Seymour Leventman, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, for research on social class and ethnic tensions of Negroes in Philadelphia.

Peter Paret, Research Associate, Center of International Studies, Princeton University, for research in Germany on Karl von Clausewitz's analysis of insurrection, irreg­ular war, and politics and its significance for contempo­rary mili tary theory.

Nelson W. Polsby, Assistant Professor of Government, Wesleyan University, for research on the politics of the .. House of Representatives: committee assignments and. committee structure.

Bruce M. Russett, Instructor in Economics and Social Science (Political Science Section), Massachusetts Insti­tute of Technology, for research on the development and testing of a model of competitive international politics.

Aron Wolfe Siegman, Research Associate Professor of Medical Psychology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, for research in Israel on juvenile delinquency in relation to cortical excitability and immigrant status.

Adolf Sturmthal, Professor of Labor and Industrial Rela­tions, University of Illinois, for research in Mexico on income distribution, capital formation, and trade union policy in that country.

Dorrian Apple Sweetser, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Boston University School of Nursing, for a cross-cultural study of the custom of avoidance of parents-in-law.

POLITICAL THEORY AND LEGAL PHILOSOPHY FELLOWSHIPS

The Committee on Political Theory and Legal Philosophy Fellowships-J. Roland Pennock (chairman), David Easton, Jerome Hall, John H. Hallowell, Robert G. McCloskey, and Sheldon S. Wolin-at its meeting on March 16 awarded 5 fellowships:

Charles E. Frye, Assistant Instructor and Ph.D. candidate __ in politics, Princeton University, for research in Ger­many on conservatism in the Weimar Republic.

Paul F. Kress, Teaching Assistant and Ph.D. candidate in political science, University of California, Berkeley, for research on the concept of process in political science.

Paul C. Noble, Ph.D. candidate in political science, Mc­Gill University, for research on a conceptual frame­work for analysis of interstate politics, with particular reference to systems theory (macroanalysis).

Francis Oakley, Lecturer in History, Williams College, for research in England on the natural law theories of the late-medieval nominalist theologians.

Robert J. Pranger, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Illinois, for research on citizenship and action theory.

SENIOR AWARDS FOR RESEARCH ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

Since making the senior awards announced in the March issue of Items, the Committee on Grants for Research on Governmental Affairs-Robert E. Cushman (chairman), Alexander Heard, Dean E. McHenry, Elmer B. Staats, and Benjamin F. Wright-has made 3 additional awards for research in 1962-63:

William G. Carleton, Emeritus Professor of Political Sci­ence, University of Florida, for research on the art of politics and the skills of the politician.

Herbert Emmerich, Consultant in Public Administration, United Nations, for research on federal reorganization.

Vernon Van Dyke, Professor of Political Science, State University of Iowa, for research on concepts of interests and values in the foreign policies of the United States.

GRANTS FOR AFRICAN STUDIES

Since making the awards announced in the March Items, the Joint Committee on African Studies, of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Re­search Council-William A. Hance (chairman), Elizabeth Colson, William O. Jones, Vernon McKay, Alan P. Mer­riam, William E. Welmers, and Roland Young-has made 4 additional grants for research relating to Africa south of the Sahara:

Helen Codere, Professor of Anthropology, Vassar College, for completion in the United States of a study of social and political change in Ruanda.

Simon Ottenberg, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Washington, for research in the United States on changes in leadership and authority in two Nigerian communities.

Walter H. Sangree, Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Rochester, for research in the United States on shifts in residence by Bantu Tiriki in relation to age, acculturation, and other demo­graphic factors.

Herbert J. Spiro, Associate Professor of Political Science, Amherst College, for research in Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and London on the constitutional politics of the Fed­eration of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

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GRANTS FOR ASIAN STUDIES

The Joint Committee on Asian Studies, of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council-John A. Pope (chairman), Robert I. Crane, Wil­liam T. de Bary, Paul S. Dull, John L. Landgraf, and Rodger Swearingen-met on February 24-25. It has made the fol­lowing grants for research during 1962-63:

Bernard Cohn, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Uni­versity of Rochester, for a study in Great Britain of the East India Company's College at Haileybury.

Albert M. Craig, Assistant Professor of History, Harvard University, for research in Japan on the development of the modern Japanese bureaucracy, 1868-87.

Robert B. Crawford, Assistant Professor of History, Uni­versity of Illinois, for research in Taiwan on the life and thought of Chang Chii-cheng, 1525-82.

Albert Feuerwerker, Associate Professor of History, Uni­versity of Michigan, for research in Taiwan, Japan, and London on China in the Age of Imperialism, 1895-1905.

Robert E. Frykenberg, Research Fellow, Committee on Southern Asian Studies, University of Chicago, for re­search in India and England on the social and economic history of South India.

Leslie Harris, Director, Asian Studies Program, Sweet Briar, Randolph-Macon Woman's, and Lynchburg Col­leges, for research in London and India on British policy on the northwest frontier of India.

Hiroko Ikeda, Assistant Professor of Japanese, University of Hawaii, for research on type and motif index of Japanese folk Ii terature.

Thomas A. Lyman, Bangkok, for research in Thailand on the language and ethnology of the Green Miao (Meo), an ethnic group in Southeast Asia.

William McCormack, Assistant Professor of Anthropol­ogy, Indian Studies, and Linguistics, University of Wis­consin, for research in India on the Kannada language and literature, the literary and social traditions of the Lingayat Sect, and Hindu law.

Ruth T. McVey, Research Associate, Southeast Asia Stud­ies, Yale University, for research in the United States on Indonesian communism in the era of revolutionary na­tionalism, 1927-49.

John M. Rosenfield, Research Fellow in Oriental Art, Harvard University, for research in Japan on the history of Japanese art, especially of the Kamakura Period.

Arthur E. Tiedemann, Assistant Professor of History, City College, New York, for research in Japan on Japanese political history of the Taisho and Early Showa Periods, with particular attention to parliamentary institutions and thought (renewal).

Barry Ulanov, Associate Professor of English, Barnard College, for research in Europe, the Middle East, and India on the rhetoric of love in the "Song of Songs" tradition.

Lea E. Williams, Associate Professor of Political Science, Brown University, and Visiting Professor of History, University of Malaya, for research in Malaya, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan on the spontaneous and original sociopolitical development of the overseas Chi­nese in nineteenth-century Malaya.

Chitoshi Yanaga, Associate Professor of Political Science, Yale University, for research in Japan on the role of organized business in the Japanese political process and foreign-policy making.

GRANTS FOR SLAVIC AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES

The Joint Committee on Slavic and East European Grants, sponsored with the American Council of Learned Societies-Evsey D. Domar (chairman), Deming Brown, Henry L. Roberts, George Y. Shevelov, and Donald W. Treadgold-at its meeting on February 10 awarded the following 19 grants for research:

Paul H. Avrich, Instructor in Political Science, Queens College, for research on anarcho-syndicalism in revolu­tionary Russia, 1905-17.

Jeremy R. Azrael, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago, for research on political profiles of Soviet technical intelligentsia and managerial elite.

Emily C. Brown, Professor Emeritus of Economics, Vassar College, for a study of trade unions and labor relations in Soviet industry.

Robert F. Byrnes, Professor of History, Indiana Univer­sity, for research on the philosophy of K. P. Pobedo­nostsev, and the historical work of V. O. Kliuchevsky.

Michael Cherniavsky, Associate Professor of History, Uni­versity of Chicago, for research on the political theories of the Russian "Old Believers."

Stephen A. Fischer-Galati, Associate Professor of History, Wayne State University, for research on the Balkan revolutionary tradition.

Georges V. Florovsky, Professor of Eastern Church His­tory, Harvard University, for research on the legal posi­tion of the Russian church in the nineteenth century.

Thomas T. Hammond, Associate Professor of History, University of Virginia, for preparation of an annotated bibliography on Soviet foreign relations and world communism (renewal).

Heinz Kohler, Assistant Professor of Economics, Amherst College, for research on international economic inte­gration within the communist bloc.

Leon Lipson, Professor of Law, Yale University, for re­search on the current use of extrajudicial tribunals in Soviet law enforcement.

John Mersereau, Jr., Associate Professor of Slavic Lan­guages and Literatures, University of Michigan, for re­search on Russian romanticism in periodical literature, 1820-50.

Richard H. Moorsteen, Economics Department, RAND

Corporation, for research on the size and growth of the Soviet capital stock, 1928-60.

Boris P. Pesek, Associate Professor of Economics, Michi­gan State University, for completion of a study of the national income of Czechoslovakia, 1946-58.

Richard A. Pierce, Assistant Professor of History, Queen's University, Ontario, for research on Soviet Rule in Cen­tral Asia.

Gunther E. Rothenberg, Assistant Professor of History, Southern Illinois University, for research on the mili­tary border in Croatia in the nineteenth century.

Joseph Rothschild, Assistant Professor of Government, Columbia University, for research on the causes, events, and consequences of Marshal Joseph Pilsudski's coup d'etat in Poland, May 1926.

Harold B. Segel, Assistant Professor of Slavic Literatures, a Columbia University, for research on the passing of. Polish romanticism: the Napoleonic cult and the poet-seer in the literature of positivism and Young Poland.

William B. Slottman, Assistant Professor of History, Har­vard University, for research on the history of Eastern Europe at the end of the seventeenth century.

Edward Stankiewicz, Associate Professor of Slavic Lingu­istics, University of Chicago, for a structural analysis of contemporary Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian accent pat­terns, covering the spoken varieties of the literary lan­guages and the dialects.

AUXILIARY RESEARCH AWARDS

The Committee on Auxiliary Research Awards-S. S. Wilks (chairman), John M. Blum, Dorwin Cartwright, Joseph B. Casagrande, Otis Dudley Duncan, Henry W. Ehr­mann, and Joseph J. Spengler-at its meeting on April 12, 1962 selected the following 25 social scientists to receive awards of $4,000 each, to be used in their discretion for the advancement of their own behavioral research:

Kathleen Gough Aberle, Assistant Professor of Anthro­pology, Brandeis University

William R. Allen, Associate Professor of Economics, Uni­versity of California, Los Angeles

Richard C. Atkinson, Associate Professor of Psychology,_ Stanford University ..

Brian J. L. Berry, Assistant Professor of Geography, Uni­versity of Chicago

Leonard Binder, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago

22

Richard E. Caves, Associate Professor of Economics, Uni­versity of California, Berkeley

John S. Chipman, Professor of Economics, University of Minnesota

Harold C. Conklin, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Columbia University

C. E. Ferguson, Associate Professor of Economics, Duke University

Albert Feuerwerker, Associate Professor of History, Uni­versity of Michigan

Charles O. Frake, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University

David Goldberg, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Uni­versity of Michigan

Ernst B. Haas, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley

Jerry Hirsch, Associate Professor of Psychology, Univer­sity of Illinois

Dale W. Jorgenson, Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley

Arno J. Mayer, Associate Professor of History, Princeton _ University WI

Bertram H. Raven, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles

Leo F. Schnore, Associate Professor of Sociology, Univer­sity of Wisconsin

Neil J. Smelser, Associate Professor of Sociology and So­cial Institutions, University of California, Berkeley

Howard R. Swearer, Assistant Professor of Political Sci­ence, University of California, Los Angeles

Jan Vansina, Associate Professor of Anthropology and of History, University of Wisconsin

Anthony F. C. Wallace, Professor of Anthropology, Uni­versity of Pennsylvania

Michael A. Wallach, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Harold L. Wilensky, Professor of Sociology, University of Michigan

Edward Zigler, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Yale University

1962 SUMMER INSTITUTES ON MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

Selection of applicants for admission to the summer in­stitutes on mathematical models in social science research, which were announced in the December 1961 issue of Items, has been made by a subcommittee of the Committee on Mathematics in Social Science Research, consisting of the directors of the four institutes-Cletus J. Burke, John C. Harsanyi, Harold W. Kuhn, and Frank Restle. The follow­ing persons have been admitted to the respective institutes, which will be in session from June 18 through July 27:

Application of Mathematical Learning Theory to Two­a Person Interactions, Stanford University

.., John R. Binford, Associate Professor of Psychology, Uni­versity of Louisville

Donald Dorfman, Study Director, Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan

Leonard Katz, Ph.D. candidate in psychology, University of Massachusetts

Edith D. Neimark, Associate Professor of Psychology, New York University

R. Ramakumar, Ph.D. candidate in statistics, Stanford University

Seymour Rosenberg, Research Psychologist, Bell Tele­phone Laboratories

Kellogg V. Wilson, Experimental Psychologist, Nebraska Psychiatric Institute, University of Nebraska College of Medicine

Psychology of Choice and Decision, Stanford University

Joel W. Ager, Jr., Assistant Professor of Psychology, Wayne State University

Thomas R. Burns, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Stanford University

Robyn M. Dawes, Ph.D. candidate in psychology, Uni­versity of Michigan

Morton P. Friedman, Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles

Ronald A. Kinchla, Ph.D. candidate in psychology, Uni­versity of California, Los Angeles

Walter Kintsch, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Uni­versity of Missouri

23

Willard D. Larkin, Ph.D. candidate in psychology, Uni­versity of Pennsylvania

Richard B. Millward, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Brown University

M. Frank Norman, Ph.D. candidate in statistics, Stanford University

Anita E. Resnick, graduate student in psychology, Rutgers -The State University

John Theios, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Univer­sity of Texas

Raymond A. Wiesen, Ph.D. candidate in psychology, University of North Carolina

Models of Social Decision-Making Mechanisms and Their Implications for Political Science and Welfare Economics, Princeton University

Hayward R. Alker, Jr., Ph.D. candidate in political sci­ence, Yale University

Leslie P. Boudrot, graduate student in economics, Wayne State University

William E. Hoehn, Jr., Ph.D. candidate in economics, Northwestern University

Eugene L. Jurkowitz, graduate student in economics, Wayne State University

Bernard A. Kemp, Assistant Professor of Economics, Michigan State University

Jiri T. Kolaja, Associate Professor of Sociology, Univer­sity of Kentucky

Yasumasa Kuroda, Instructor in Government, Montana State College

Michael Leiserson, graduate student in political science, Yale University

Richard Merritt, Ph.D. candidate in international rela­tions, Yale University

Jose Agustin Silva-Michelena, Professor of Sociology, Cen­ter for Studies on Development, Central University of Venezuela

Grant B. Taplin, Ph.D. candidate in economics, New School for Social Research

Robert J. Van Handel, graduate student in economics, New School for Social Research

Bargaining, Negotiation, and Conflict, Princeton University

James G. Abert, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Duke University

Erhard Blankenburg, graduate student in sociology, Uni­versi ty of Oregon

Albert M. Chammah, Ph.D. candidate in communication sciences, University of Michigan

Joseph S. Chung, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Wayne State University

John G. Cross, Ph.D. candidate in economics, Princeton University

Jack D. Douglas, Ph.D. candidate in sociology, Princeton University

Malcolm H. Gotterer, Lecturer in Business Administra­tion, University of California, Berkeley

Tsung-yuen Shen, Assistant Professor of Economics, Wayne State University

Benjamin H. Stevens, Associate Professor of Regional Sci­ence, University of Pennsylvania

PUBLICATIONS COUNCIL PUBLICATIONS

Labor Commitment and Social Change in Developing Areas, edited by Wilbert E. Moore, and Arnold S. Feld­man. Sponsored by the Committee on Economic Growth. December 1960. 393 pages. Cloth, $3.75.

Theoretical Studies in Social Organization of the Prison, Pamphlet 15, by Richard A. Cloward, Donald R. Cres­sey, George H. Grosser, Richard McCleery, Lloyd E. Ohlin, and Gresham M. Sykes and Sheldon L. Mes­singer. Papers prepared by members of a Conference Group on Correctional Organization, sponsored by the Council in 1956-57. March 1960. 152 pages. $1.50.

The publications of the Council are distributed from its office, 230 Park Avenue, New York 17, N. Y.

OTHER BOOKS Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times

to 1957. Prepared by the Bureau of the Census, with the assistance of the former Advisory Committee on Historical Statistics. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, August 1960. 2nd printing, February 1962, 800 pages. $6.00.

Capital Formation in Japan, 1868-1940, by Henry Rosov­sky. Aided by the Committee on Economic Growth. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1961. 371 pages. $7.50.

Changes in the Location of Manufacturing in the United States Since 1929, by Victor R. Fuchs. Sponsored by the Committee on Analysis of Economic Census Data. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962, 587 pages. $10.00.

Matrilineal Kinship, edited by David M. Schneider and Kathleen Gough. Product of the Interuniversity Sum­mer Research Seminar on Kinship Research, 1954. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961. 781 pages. $11.75.

Natural Resources and Economic Growth, edited by Joseph J. Spengler. Papers presented at a conference at Ann Arbor, Michigan, April 7-9, 1960, jointly spon­sored by Resources for the Future, Inc. and the Com­mittee on Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: Re­sources for the Future, Inc., 1961. 316 pages. $3.50.

Organizing for Defense, by Paul Y. Hammond. Based in part on work at the Interuniversity Summer Research Seminar on National Security Policy, 1958. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961. 414 pages. $7.95.

PeTspectives in American Indian Culture Change, edited by Edward H. Spicer. Product of the Interuniversity Summer Research Seminar on Differential Culture Change, 1956. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. 559 pages. $10.00.

Projective Techniques and Cross-Cultural Research, by Gardner Lindzey. Initiated under the auspices of the former Committee on Social Behavior. New York: _ Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1961. 348 pages. $6.00. ..

Quantification: A History of the Meaning of Measure­ment in the Natural and Social Sciences, edited by Harry Woolf. Product of the Conference on the History of Quantification in the Sciences, November 20-21, 1959, sponsored by the former Joint Committee on the History of Science. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Com­pany, 1961. 224 pages. $6.50.

The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors. A Conference of the Universities­National Bureau Committee for Economic Research and the Committee on Economic Growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962. 644 pages. $12.50.

ANNOUNCEMENT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AWARDS

FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY LECTURING DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR

1963-64 UNDER THE FULBRIGHT-HAYS ACT The Committee on International Exchange of Persons, of

the Conference Board of Associated Research Councils, an­nounced the opening on May I, 1962 of the competition for 1963-64 awards under the Fulbright-Hays Act for advanced research and university lecturing in the following countries:

Europe: Austria, Belgium and Luxembourg, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United Kingdom Territories

Near and Middle East: Iran, Israel, Turkey, United Arab AI Republic ..

Far East: China (Taiwan), Japan, Korea Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, British Colonial Territories

Eligibility requirements include: United States cItIZen-ship; for research, a doctoral degree or recognized profes­sional standing; for lecturing, a minimum of one year of college teaching experience; in certain cases, a knowledge of the language of the host country. Awards, payable in non­convertible foreign currency, provide: round-trip transpor­tation for the grantee; a maintenance allowance for the grantee and his family while in residence abroad; a small incidental allowance for supplies and essential services; sub­ject to the availability of funds, a supplemental dollar-grant to lecturers in certain countries of Asia and Africa.

Applications should be submitted by August 1, 1962.

Detailed information and application forms may be ob­tained from the Conference Board of Associated Research Councils, Committee on International Exchange of Persons, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington 25, D.C.

SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL 230 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, N. Y.

Incorporated in the State of Illinois, December 27, 1924, tor the purpose of advancing research in the social sciences

Directors,1962: GARDNER ACKLEY, ABRAM BERGSON, PAUL J. BOHANNAN, DORWIN CARTWRIGHT, JOHN A. CLAUSEN, THOMAS C. COCHRAN, JAMES S.

COLEMAN, HAROLD F. DORN, LOUIS GOTTSCHALK, CHAUNCY D. HARRIS, H. FIELD HAVILAND, JR., PENDLETON HERRING, GEORGE H. HILDEBRAND,

WAYNE H. HOLTZMAN, NATHAN KEYFITZ, EDWARD H. LEVI, PHIUP J. MCCARTHY, WILBERT E. MOORE, WILUAM H. NICHOLLS, J. ROLAND PENNOCK,

DAVID M. POTTER, NEVITT SANFORD, HERBERT A. SIMON, MELFORD E. SPIRO, GUY E. SWANSON, DAVID B. TRUMAN, CHARLES WAGLEY, S. S. WILKS, ..

MALCOLM M. WILLEY, DONALD YOUNG ...

Officers and Staff: PENDLETON HERRING, Pl"esident; PAUL WEBBINK, Pice-President; ELBRIDGE SIBLEY, Executive Associate; BRYCE WOOD, ELEANOR C.

ISBELL, FRANCIS H. PALMER, ROWLAND L. MITCHELL, JR., Staff Associates; CATHERINE V. RONNAN, Financial Secretary

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