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PHN TCH YU CU PHN MM

Nm hc 2013-2014

Gio vin: PGS.TS. Hunh Quyt Thng

BM Cng ngh phn mm

Vin CNTT-TT, HBK HN

www.soict.hust.edu.vn/~thanghq

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Chng 2. Pht hin, tng hp v phn tch YCPM

1. Ngun gc yu cu phn mm

2. Quy trnh pht hin yu cu phn mm v phn nhm NSD

3. Cc k thut pht hin yu cu phn mm

4. Tng hp v phn tch cc yu cu phn mm

5. Thng lng v tha thun cc yu cu phn mm

3.1. Cc k thut pht hin yu cu phn mm

Phng php phng vn

Phng php bng hi

Phng php quan st

Phng php nghin cu ti liu v cc phn mm tng ng

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Phng php phng vn

Phng vn l ngi phng vn v ngi c phng vn tip xc trc tip, hi v ghi chp thng tin theo mt bng hi c thit k trc

Cc thc t cu hi

Cu hi m Cu hi ng

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Cu hi m

Loi cu hi c phm vi tr li t do

u im

Khng rng buc kt qu tr li C th pht sinh tng mi

Nhc im

Thi gian hi ko di Ni dung c th vt phm vi cu hi

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Cu hi ng

Cu hi m p n thng nm trong cc tnh hung xc nh trc

u im

Thi gian tr li ngn Ni dung tr li tp trung

Nhc im

Mt thi gian chun b cu hi Khng m rng kt qu

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u nhc im

u im

Tnh linh hot cao Tnh chnh xc Tnh thun li

Nhc im

Ngun thng tin ph thuc ngi c phng vn

Ngi phng vn phi c k nng giao tip tt Nu khng chun b tt d b tht bi Bt ng v ngn ng, khi nim

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Phng php bng hi

Xy dng bng hi l mt ngh thut i hi phi c nhiu suy xt quyt nh v ni dung, t ng, th t

Vit cc cu hi lin quan n:

Quyt nh mc ch, phm vi v ni dung cu hi

Chn dng cu hi S dng t ng th v

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Cc dng cu hi

Cu hi c 2 la chn: c/khng, ng/sai

Cu hi theo mc o thng

Cu hi khng lin tc, cu hi leo thang LIKERT

Cu hi sng lc, phn loi

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u nhc im

u im Thu thp c nhiu thng tin theo ch

ngi thit k bng hi

Thng tin tp trung c tnh nh hng D nhp liu v x l Chi ph v thi gian va phi

Nhc im Thng tin cng nhc i hi cn c k nng hi Tr li th ng => khng chc chn kt qu S phong ph thp

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Phng php quan st

L phng php ghi li c kim sot cc s kin hoc cc hnh vi ng x ca con ngi

Thng c dng kt hp vi cc phng php khc kim tra cho chnh xc ca d liu thu thp

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Phn loi

Quan st trc tip

Quan st gin tip

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K thut thc hin

Xc nh mc ch quan st

La chn i tng quan st

T chc v hng dn quan st

Bo co kt qu quan st

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u nhc im

u im D thc hin i vi ngi quan st Theo di trc tip hot ng ca h thng

thc t

Nhc im Kt qu mang tnh ch quan Tm l ca ngi b quan st c nhng phn

ng nht nh

S b ng ca phng php quan st Tn km thi gian Thng tin b ngoi, hn ch khng th y

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Phng php nghin cu ti liu v cc phn mm tng

ng

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Cc thng tin mang li

Cc vn cn tn ng trong h thng

Cc c hi tip cn nhu cu mi

Phng hng tip cn c th tc ng n yu cu ca HTTT

L do tn ti ca h thng hin hnh

Tm ra tn v v tr ca nhng c nhn c lin quan ti h thng. Gip cho vic giao tip, lin lc ng mc tiu hn

D liu cu trc, quy tc x l d liu

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Nhng hn ch

Thiu ti liu

Ti liu ht hn

Cc ti liu cng l ngun cung cp thng tin khng ng, trng lp

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3.2. Cc k thut nng cao trong xc nh yu cu

Phng php nguyn mu

Phng php Brainstorming

Phng php Joint application development (JAD)

Phng php Rapid application development (RAD)

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3.2.1 Phng php nguyn mu

nh ngha:

L phng php xc nh yu cu bng cch a ra cc mu th

Khch hng s nh gi tnh nng ca mu => xc nh li yu cu c th, r rng hn

Cc k thut thc hin

Kho st cc yu cu ca h thng La chn cng c pht trin mu th Trao i vi ngi dng v mu th

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2.1 Phng php nguyn mu

u im

Gn b cht ch vi ngi dng trong giai on phn tch

Gii quyt c cc yu cu cha r rng Nhc im

Hnh thnh xu hng khng chun mc trong vic to ra ti liu hnh thc v yu cu h thng

Cc mu th hin phong cch ca ngi dng ban u => kh khn cho ngi dng sau ny

Cc mu thng xy dng trn h thng n => cha xt n tng tc vi h thng khc

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3.2.2 Phng php Brainstorming

Brainstoming gm hai pha

Nu cc tng Thu tm li cc tng

Cc k thut s dng

Hn ch xung t, ch bai tng trong nhm Tha thun trc mc tiu v thi gian hon

thnh

S dng cc sticky note lu tng

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2.2. Phng php Brainstorming

u im

Khuyn khch cc thnh vin tham gia Cho php cc thnh vin tranh lun v cc

kin

Ngi iu phi duy tr hi tho khng b gin on

Din ra nhanh chng a ra cc gii php kh thi cho vn Khuyn khch tng, suy ngh sng to c

o

Nhc im 22

3.2.3. Phng php Joint application development

(JAD)

L hnh thc phng vn nhm theo mt chng trnh v phn tch vin iu khin th t cu hi

Thnh phn tham d bao gm ngi t chc, ngi s dng, nh qun l, phn tch vin h thng, .

Cc k thut thc hin T chc cc cuc hp t 10 n 20 ngi Thi gian din ra t 5- 10 ngy Lu gi cc kin bng bng ghi m Qun tr cc xung t

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3.2.3. Phng php Joint application development

(JAD)

u im

JAD gip thu thp thng tin nhanh hn, chnh xc hn cc phng php c in

Gim ng k thi gian, chi ph v li d n Thng dng trong cc d n c nhiu nhm

ngi khc nhau

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3.2.4. Phng php Rapid application development

(RAD)

L quy trnh pht trin tp trung vo pht trin ng dng trong thi gian ngn, tng dn tng bc vi mi chu k

Xy dng da trn hng thnh phn, ti s dng

Gm mt s nhm, mi nhm m nhim mt pha trong RAD

Cc k thut thc hin RAD: Business modeling RAD: Process and Data modeling RAD: Application Generation and Testing

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3.2.4. Phng php Rapid application development

(RAD)

Hn ch ca RAD

Cn ngun lc di do Yu cu hai bn giao ko trong khong thi

gian ngn phn mm hon chnh => thiu trch nhim lm hng d n

Khng ph hp vi cc ng dng kh module ha hoc i hi tnh nng cao

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