ISSN : 2454-9150 Design and Thermal Analysis of Thermoelectric...
Transcript of ISSN : 2454-9150 Design and Thermal Analysis of Thermoelectric...
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
500 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
Design and Thermal Analysis of Thermoelectric
Generator for Direct Power Generation from
Municipal Waste Garbage
Navnath D. Ganjwe, M. Tech (HPE), Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, SSPACE, Wardha,
India, [email protected]
Sandip S. Jawre, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, SSPACE, Wardha, India,
Abstract Recently an increasing amount of municipal inorganic waste garbage causes hazardous effect on environment
and living beings. The reserves of fossil fuels will be going on depleting and cost of unit electricity has increasing to
unpredictable levels. In this innovative research, used thermoelectric generator (TEG) for direct power generation
from municipal inorganic waste garbage and use as renewable and green energy resource. In any power plant required
large amount of water, fossil fuel, for power generation and there is many losses and overall power output is low.
Required 5-10 tone of primary fuel and 8-10 hours for starting power plant. But in this power generation research
don’t required fossil fuel, any primary fuel free from mechanical and vibrational losses and there is immediate starting
and direct power generation. Experimentation using 100 grams of inorganic waste garbage burnt into 33 cm3 of heating
zone with water cooling and Two TEG model SP1848-27145 connected in series and increasing temperature of hot plate
is about 120 and cold plate is 33 produces temperature difference of 87 in time period of 150 sec and using
only 80mm×40mm area of hot plate produced 0.87 Watt of power. If using all four faces of 33 cm3 of heating zone as
hot plate and connecting 192 TEG in series generate 83 watts of power only in 100 gram of inorganic waste garbage,
temperature difference of 87 and time period of 150 second.
Keywords — Heat, Inorganic waste garbage, Thermoelectric generator, thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric power
generation, Environmental.
I. INTRODUCTION
Recently we are depending upon fossil fuels for maximum
electricity generation. However, the reserves of fossil fuels
will be going on depleting [1] since oil and gas are the least
sources. Recent years, cost of unit electricity has increasing
to unpredictable levels due the less supply of oil, gas, and
coal. In this research found that the use the municipal
inorganic waste garbage as renewable energy source and
using TEG generate direct power from municipal inorganic
waste garbage. This is based on the principles of Seebeck
[4] effect [8]. Typically, semiconductors are used in TE
couples because they can be doped with Additional
electrons [8] or electron holes, [10] creating species to
increase the Seebeck coefficient. Normal metal conductors
have smaller coefficients due to equilibrium of positive and
negative charges in the material that would induce the
thermoelectric voltage. A larger amount of charge carriers
on the hot side of the material results in a higher
thermoelectric voltage, and hence semiconductors are
optimum for TE devices. Thermoelectric materials are
gauged by their figure of merit, which represents their
Quality of performance [2] or efficiency, and is defined by
the following:
Where, α =Seebeck coefficient, σ = electrical conductivity,
k = thermal conductivity [11].
Fig 1: Thermoelectric generator [2]
2
z
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
501 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
A single thermoelectric couple is constructed from two
„pellets‟ [3] of semiconductor [13] material made from
[14], Bismuth Telluride, [12] (Bi2Te3) [9]. One of these
pellets is doped with acceptor impurity to create a P-type
pellet and the other is doped with donor impurity to produce
an N-type pellet. The two pellets are physically linked with
a small strip of copper, and mounted between two ceramic
outer plates that provide electrical isolation and structural
integrity. If a temperature difference is maintained between
two sides of the thermoelectric couple [7], thermal energy
will move through the device with this heat the electrical
voltage, called the Seebeck voltage, will be created. If a
resistive load is connected across the thermoelectric [5]
couple‟s output terminals, electrical current will flow in the
load and a voltage (V) will be generated at the load.
Practical thermoelectric modules are constructed with
several of these thermoelectric couples connected
electrically in series and thermally in parallel.
A. Municipal Inorganic Waste Garbage for Power
Generation
Inorganic waste garbage material is non-biodegradable and
synthetic and semi-synthetic materials create large harmful
effect on leaving beings and environment, required huge
amount of management. This inorganic waste garbage is
collected and we directly use in this model with zero
pollution and produce direct power using TEG.
Fig 2: Municipal Inorganic Waste Garbage
Different inorganic materials used are Plastic bags, Plastic,
Cans, Food packaging, plastic Medicine bottles, Fertilizer
and pesticide containers, Tea and coffee cups, Tyres,
Rubber items, plastic water glass, plastic water bottle, water
pouch etc.
B. Advantages of Thermoelectric Power Generator
1. TEGs are solid-state device, which means that they
have no moving parts during their operations.
2. They are simple and compact.
3. TEG can convert heat directly into electricity.
4. They have small size and virtually weightless.
5. No noise: They can be used in any orientation and in
zero gravity environments. Thus, they are popular
in many aerospace applications.
6. They are capable of operating at elevated
temperature.
7. They are environmentally friendly [6].
Thermoelectric generators produce no pollution.
Therefore, they are ecofriendly generators.
8. They are flexible power source.
9. TEG has long life.
10. High Reliability: Thermoelectric modules exhibit
very high reliability due to their solid-state
construction.
C. Advantages of Using Municipal Inorganic Waste
Garbage for Direct Power Generation
1. Zero waste city
2. Control ozone depletion.
3. Control greenhouse effect.
4. Control global warming.
5. Healthy human life.
6. Not landfilling and processing problem.
7. Healthy and secure animal life.
8. Alternative to fossil fuel.
9. Use as renewable energy source.
10. Reduced municipal waste management cost.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Prashantha K, Sonam Wango [1] they have found that
Smart Power Generation from Waste Heat by Thermo
Electric Generator. He has use Model TEC-12706, and in
This experimentation contains four TEG modules with
voltage booster and voltage regulating circuit use for
charging the mobile. And the result found that the
Temperature difference maintains approximate 100˚C and
charge the mobile battery. (3.7 volt and 5.70wh battery)
Arvind Karuppaiah [2] he has worked on “Fabrication and
Analysis of Thermo Electric Generator for Power
Generation”. model used of experimentation is Silicon and
Germanium (Si and Ge). He has Design and analysis the
TEG with the material used. The factors affecting the
efficiency of TEG are studied. The properties of the
material, efficiency of TEG & heat transfer in TEG are also
studied using Ansys. The result found that are I C Engine
run up to 60 min then max temp gives at silencer side is 175
˚C At this temp. the TEG generate output voltage is 17.50
v and this voltage get charge the battery 16.5 v (load
voltage).
M. G. Jadhav and J. S. Sidhu [3] have Design and
Fabricate Silencer Waste Heat Power Generation System
Using Thermo-Electric Generator. They fabricate and use
TEG for power generation from silencer waste heat. This
proposes and implements a waste heat recovery system
using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) designed for four
strokes I.C. engine. The system converts the waste heat
from the exhaust manifold into electrical energy using a
TEG. The output is then boosted by a Joule Thief converter
to run the required load or to charge a battery. The
experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system
recovers considerable amount of waste heat which can be
used to power some auxiliary automobile devices.
In which Two thermoelectric generators connected in series,
are placed on the hot copper plate acting hot junction, on
the other side of the TEG, the cold sink of aluminum is
connected. the bend exhaust pipe of the IC engine, a copper
plate 6 mm thick is welded to form the junction of the
thermo electric generator.
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
502 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
The TEG used in this experiment is operated between the
temperature range 40˚C to 150˚C as the engine run, the
silencer temperature reaches 150˚C. When the engine
operated at 2000rpm then the heat source attached on the
surface gets heated up to 118.2˚C in 9.3 minute and voltage
generated is 12 volts. Similarly, when engine runs at
4000rpm heat source get heated up to 127˚C in 5.95 minute
generate voltage is 12 volts. When engine run at 6000rpm
heat source is heated up to 106.3˚C in 2.43 minute and
generated 11.80 volts. The experimental setup uses only
two TEG‟s which are operated at maximum temperature
difference is 83.2˚C. And it is operated at maximum
temperature up to 100˚C. Thermocouples are attached on
the surface of the silencer pipe, the temperature recorded of
silencer pipe is average 130˚C when vehicle is running (on
road). If the silencers bend pipe temperature riches more
than 150˚C then it will require high temperature TEG
(200˚C). The main purpose of joule thief CKT is amplify
the voltage generated by TEG as TEG generate less voltage
and that voltage is not enough to operate electrical load.
The load connected across the system is led indicators,
electronic flasher, and electronic horn. Temperature
difference vs. voltage graph shows at 6000 rpm engine
speed in 146 second gives temperature difference is 67.3˚C
and at that point we got 12 volts. And at 6000 rpm engine
speed gives much higher temperature difference than
2000rpm and 4000 rpm. Making system more effective.
Tzer-Ming Jeng, Sheg Chung Tzeng, Bo-Jun Yang and
Yi-Chun Li [4] they have Design, Manufacture and takes
different Performance Test on Thermoelectric Generator
System for Waste Heat Recovery of Engine Exhaust. they
have used the Model TGM-287-1.0-1.5 and the
experimental setup contain 33.3cc four stroke single
cylinder IC engine, design TEG conversion system
(silencer), external air source (fan) for cooling and data
acquisition system. (Test ring). The result found that when
forced air cooling the temp. difference 117 ˚C with 4 TEG
connected in series generate 2.5watt power at an engine
speed of 5400 rpm.
P. Mohamed Shameer, D. Christopher [5] has worked on
Design of Exhaust Heat Recovery Power Generation
System Using Thermo-Electric Generator. In his
experimentation contain development of silencer model
using Ansys and it used 2- stroke IC engine with voltage
booster CKT for charging the battery. The result obtained
as TEG operated at temp. 80˚C to 200˚C to produce
0.02296 to 0.05740 volt using voltage booster it boosts 1.44
to 6.10 volt respectively. This is open CKT output volt.
Sana Ullah Khan [6] he has worked on “Electric power
generation from waste heat” and uses TEG model of
Bismuth telluride (Bi2 Te3), In this system, waste heat is
applied to a TEG. Generated TEG power used for charging
the battery through bridge circuit. With applying a load
against the voltmeter and ampere meter for measuring
power. The result found are 3 TEG‟s were used in series
combination. This produces max. 4.2V at 75 ˚C.
Ming-Zhi Yang [7]. he has found the "Energy Harvesting
Thermoelectric Generators Manufactured Using the
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Process” This
experimental setup contain heater as a heat source to the
TEG, and the cooler for sink. A TR thermometer for the
temp difference between the hot and cold parts and The
LCR meter was used to measure the resistance; The
electrical meter recorded the output volt. of the TEG.
The result found is 33 TEG are constructed in series Area of
the generator is about 1,000 × 300 μm2.The experimental
results showed that the output power of the TEG was about
9.4 μW as the temperature difference of 15 K.
Anand P N, Anshad A, Aswin Joseph, Tobin Thomas,
Geo Eucharist James [8]. He worked on “Development of
Thermoelectric Generator. The model used is TEG 12610-
5.1, this experiment on single cylinder diesel 395 CC engine
the Hexagonal heat exchanger for six TEG modules, Hot
side Connected at exhaust of the automobile. Moreover,
cold side cooled by providing coolant single. The output
terminals of thermoelectric modules were connected in
series. at 84˚C temperature difference produces 6.2 volt and
0.25 amp (1.575 watt).
Vijay Krishna.N [9]. He found that the “Power Generation
from Exhaust Gas of Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel
Engine Using Thermoelectric Generator” and uses TEG
model of Bismuth telluride (Bi2 Te3). This experimental
setup uses Four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine, TEG
module, Thermal paste at the heat sink and for measuring
uses multimeter, Temperature measurement device. The
result found is Power output at 100˚C is 2.4 volt and
1.61amp (2.79) watt
Adhithya k, Rajeshwar Anand, Balaji G., Harinarayana
J. [10]. They have worked on “Battery Charging Using
Thermoelectric Generation Module in Automobiles.” Uses
TEG model of Bismuth telluride (Bi2 Te3). The
experimental setup of this project involves TEG modules
placed at the heat source. The output from this module is
given as the input to the boost converter, boosting the
voltage from TEG. Here no any heat sink and other cooling
system used. Booster voltage stored in battery and used
further for loads like CFL and fan.
The result found are Here two TEG used in series and
combination produces approximate 1.8 volt at 65 ˚C and
then boosted up to 12 volts.
Ajay chandravanshi [11] he has found that the “Waste
Heat Recovery from Exhaust gases through Internal
combustion Engine using Thermoelectric Generator, uses
material of TEG is Bismuth telluride (Bi2 Te3) There are
two setups first is work up to 82 ˚C and second is work up
to 180˚C with water cooling system and heated by heater.
After that he mounts on IC engine. Result of this experiment
in first setup at 82 ˚C gives the max. power 0.9062 watt and
in second setup at 178.2 ˚C gives 1.72 watt.
Anchal Dewangan, Dr. N. K. Saikhedkar [12] they have
discussed the “Experimental analysis of Waste heat
recovery using TEG for an internal combustion Engine.”
Uses TEG material of Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3), It
contain IC engine which is vertical single cylinder water
cooled compression ignition type diesel engine coupled
with loading dynamometer. Test ring consist of temperature
meter, rpm meter, multimeters, burette (fuel consumption
measurement) etc. the result found are the maximum power
output at 1500 rpm with 20kg load and temperature
difference maintain 194˚C (water cooling of TEG cold side
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
503 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
constantly maintain at 16˚C and hot side temp 210˚C) gives
33.16-watt power output.
Mr. Sushil Kumar Sharma, Mr. Vishnu Prasad Sharma
[14] they are worked on “Experimental Investigation on
Thermoelectric Generator used for Exhaust Gas of a Four
Stroke S.I. Engine” This project involves conceptual model
of power generation from the exhaust gas of a four stroke
four-cylinder S.I. engine using a single Bi2Te3
thermoelectric generator at different gears and at different
cylinder cutoff. The output power from each cylinder of the
engine was investigated using Morse test. Thermoelectric
generator generates DC type of electric power depending
upon the temperature difference across the heat exchanger
and the amount of exhaust gas temperature on Seebeck
effect. An output voltage of 6.35V was generated using a
single Bi2Te3 thermoelectric generator for temperature
difference of about 35 . This power is useful for running
various accessories like head light, tail light, parking light,
door light etc. Use of thermoelectric generator also reduces
frictional power against alternator which in turns saves fuel
and increase the efficiency of the engine. Results obtained
from the present study states the concept of waste heat
recovery where power is obtained to fulfill various auxiliary
features.
Dongyi Zhou and Shi Chu-ping [15] they are Study on
thermoelectric material and thermoelectric generator. He
introduces basic principles of thermoelectric technology,
summarizes the latest advancement of thermoelectric
materials, illustrates the structure of thermoelectric
generator and way of heat radiation and discusses current
problems of thermoelectric power generation technology as
well as methods to improve its generation efficiency.
III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The experimental setup is show in below figure 3. consist of
heating zone attached a hot plate on upper side and hot plate
is attached to lower faces of two TEG module connected in
thermally parallel and electrically in series. The upper faces
of TEG attached a cold plate which is attached to Colling
jacket containing cold water. The ash produced from
burning of inorganic waste is moved through wire net mount
to lower face of heating zone. Then finally ash is flowing
through inclined ash handling system provided at bottom of
heating zone. The probe of hot meter is attached to hot
plate, and probe of cold meter is put in cold water. The
voltmeter is connected after TEG module to monitor its
output voltage and ammeter is connected across load to
monitor current flowing through the load. The load of 3v dc
motor with four bladed fans is attached to output of TEG.
The 100 gram of inorganic waste containing plastics bag,
coffee cup, food packing, plastic water bottle, plastic water
glass, and wafers packing placed in heating zone and it
burned in period of 150 sec. Experimental setup has
following equipment and material.
Fig 3: Experimental setup
A. Heating Zone
Heating zone is made of galvanized sheet with 12 mm
square bar around it for supporting purpose. The
dimensions are 330 mm × 350 mm× 285 mm (l ×w× h) the
hot plate is mounted on upper side of heating zone. The
bottom side of heating zone is mild steel wire net for
removing ash after burning inorganic waste garbage. Using
closed chamber of heating zone environmental pollution,
smoke generated is totally controlled. Carbon formed in
these processes is totally deposited in bottom side of heating
zone. The designed heating zone of volume 33 cm3 and
capacity of burning one kg compact mass of inorganic waste
garbage. For large burning process hopper mechanism and
oxygen supply mechanism is used.
B. Hot Plate
The hot plate of dimensions 350mm×330mm with 1 mm
thickness and made up of galvanized sheet is used. The
thermal conductivity of hot plate is 18 W/ m.K. the two
TEG model SP1848-27145 is connected in series on upper
side of hot plate. Only 80mm× 40mm area is used for
mounting two TEG model. In experimentation the
maximum temperature of hot plate is going to 120 .
The capacity of hot plate is mounting 48 TEG module in
series. For maximum power generation heating zone of 4
faces is used as hot plate.
C. Heat Paste
Heat paste is a viscous fluid substance it has properties
similar to grease. It increases the thermal conductivity of the
thermal interface by filling the micro air-gaps. these air-
gaps present due to the imperfectly flat or smooth surfaces.
The heat paste is applied to the both the junctions of the
TEG in order to have smooth heat transfer. It is thermally
conductive but usually electrically insulating.
In this setup silicon based white colored compound is used
which can withstand temperature up to150 ˚C. A TIM is to
fill the valleys and gaps with a compressible material that
has a much higher thermal conductivity than the air gaps it
replaces. This essentially makes the entire interface transfer
heat instead of just where the peaks were contacting.
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
504 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
D. Thermoelectric Generator
Fig 4: Thermoelectric generator [3]
A thermoelectric generator shown in figure 4. is a
semiconductor based electronic module that converts heat
into electricity using a phenomenon called Seebeck effect.
Two thermoelectric generators connected in series are used
in the experimental setup. The thermoelectric module of
bismuth telluride having hot side temperature is up to150°C.
in experimentation the power output two of TEG module
connected in series is 0.87 watt at temperature difference 87
°C. There are two TEG connected thermally in parallel and
electrically in series for increasing voltage. Specification of
TEG. are
1. Model: SP1848-27145
2. Operating Temperature: -40 to 150°C
3. Cable Length: 20cm (approx.).
4. Principle: Seebeck effect.
5. Raw material: bismuth telluride.
6. Size: 40mmx40mmx3.4mm
7. Merit (Z): 2.5 ~ 3.0 × 10-3W / ℃
E. Cold Copper Plate
The cold plate is made up of copper with dimension
82mm×170mm and 1mm thickness. The cold plate is
mounted in between TEG module and cooling jacket. The
thermal conductivity of cold plate is 385 w/m. k and
transfer hot temperature to cooling jacket and cold
temperature to TEG. The cold plate is connected to TEG
with silicon-based heat paste and cooling jacket with
aerolite chemical for uniformly spreading temperature in
cold plate
F. Cooling Jacket
In experimentation using cooling jacket 85mm × 45mm
×25mm (l× w ×h) and taking 95.60 gram of water at
temperature of 13.5 initially. The cooling jacket of
volume 95625 mm3. it is connected to copper plate with
aerolite chemical and transferring cold temperature to cold
plate. For maximum power generation radiator cooling is
useful in which hot water from cooling jacker is send to the
radiator using motor and fan is mount on radiator absorb
atmospheric cold air and makes hot water cold then cold
water send to cooling jacket and the process is continuous.
In which water coolant is used. For power generation from
TEG the efficiency of water cooling is high as compare to
air cooling.
G. Voltmeter
The voltmeter connected after TEG module to monitor its
output voltage. The DT830D digital type voltmeters having
voltage monitoring capacity 200 V an accuracy ± 0.5% used
in the experimentation. The maximum voltage produced in
experimentation is indicated on voltmeter is 1.45V.
H. Ammeter
Ammeter connected across load to monitor current flowing
through the load. The DT830D digital type ammeter having
current monitoring capacity of 200 MA, having accuracy ±
1.2% and ± 2.0% respectively are used in the experimentation. The maximum current produced in
experimentation is indicated on ammeter is 0.60 amp.
I. Hot Side Digital Thermometer
It measures the temperature of hot plate. The range of hot
side digital thermometer is -50˚c to 200˚c and thermometers
have contact type probe. In experimentation hot meter
shows maximum temperature of 120 . Specification of hot
meter are
1. Measurement range: -50°C to 200°C OR -58° to
302°F
2. Resolution: 0.1° FOR -19.9° ~ +199.9°
3. Accuracy: ±1°C in the range -30°C ~ +150°C.
4. Battery: 1 X 1.5V "AAA" Size
J. Cold Side Digital Thermometer
It measures the cold temperature of cooling water. The
probe of cold meter is mounted in cooling jacket for
measuring exact cold temperature. cold side digital
thermometer range is -50˚c to 99˚c and thermometers
have contact type probe. In experimentation cold meter
shows maximum temperature of 33 .
Digital Thermometer-50°c +99°c Celsius
Degrees Embedded Temperature Sensor 2-Meter-Long
Wire Indoor Outdoor. Specification of cold meter are
1. Temperature Range: -50°c ~ 99°c.
2. Accuracy: ± 1 ° c (-30°c ~ +40°c)
3. Operating Temperature: -5° c to + 50° c.
4. Humidity: 5% to 80%
5. This item only has the °C display.
6. Dimension: 48 x 28.6 x 14.3mm.
7. Display size: 36 x 16mm.
8. Power Supply: two button batteries (battery type:
LR44/AG13 voltage: 1.5V)
K. Load
In experimentation 3v dc motor connected to output of TEG
and attached a fan of diameter 30 mm with 4 blades made
up of plastic. If using battery, the generated power is stored
and used as later as per application of load. Specification of
load are
1.Body size: 25mm ×18mm× 15mm (l× w×h)
2. Shaft size:10mm× 2mm diameter
3.weight with fan :13.5gram
4. Speed :450 rpm 500 rpm
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
505 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
5. operating range:1.5v 3v
6. Current :0.5 amp
7. Starting power: 0.5 watt
L. Wire net
In which use wire net of dimension 350mm×330mm for
removing ash formed in heating zone. The removed ash is
move to ash handling system. In wire net has 5 mm square
hole for removing ash. The wire net is made up of mild
steel.
M. Ash Handling and Management
The removed ash from wire net is move on inclined ash
handling system to bottom tray. The ash handling system is
inclined to 28.80 to horizontally downward over a length of
400 mm for removing ash fastly. The formed ash is used for
again power generation using ash with salt solution and
anodic and cathodic reaction. The new advanced technic of
ash management is for making bricks, road construction and
blocks
IV. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The 100 gram of inorganic waste containing plastics bag,
coffee cup, food packing, plastic water bottle, plastic water
glass, and wafers packing placed in heating zone. The
closed heating zone is used for zero environmental
pollutions. The waste garbage is burn in heating zone as
time increases the temperature of hot plate is increases and
developed heat is transferred to two TEG model which is
connected in thermally parallel and electrically in series.
The cold water of initial temperature 13.5 is put into
cooling jacket. The maximum temperature of hot plate is
increases as 120 in 150sec and cold water of temperature
increases to 33 and generate temperature difference of
87 and produced power of 0.87 watt directly using only
80 mm × 40 mm of area of hot plate out of 350mm ×
330mm of area. As the temperature difference increases the
load connected across the TEG is start running. The cold
copper plate is used in between TEG model and cooling
jacket for maintaining low temperature of upper face of
TEG by transferring heat to cooling jacket. The ash
generated is drop down through wire net and moving into
tray by inclined ash handling system. The temperature of
hot plate is measured by hot meter and temperature of cold
water measured by cold meter, voltmeter monitor voltage of
TEG module and ammeter measure current flowing to the
load.
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Experimental Result of Thermoelectric Generator for
direct Power Generation from Municipal Waste Garbage
using water cooling and 100 grams of Inorganic waste and
two TEG model connected in series is shown in figure 5.
Figure 5: Experimental result
VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS GRAPH
A. Power Vs Temperature Difference Graph
Fig 6: Power Vs Temperature Difference
The graph shows in figure 6. Temp Difference (∆t) in˚c
from 0 to 100 on horizontal „X‟ axis and on „Y‟ axis shows
the Power in Watt from 0 to 1 watt. Above graph show the
relation between Power and Temperature. Also, the graph in
figure 6. shows that power is increases as temperature
differences is increases and maximum power 0.87 watt is
obtained at maximum temperature difference of 87 ˚c. we
conclude from these the power is directly proportional to
temperature difference.
B. Power Vs Time Graph
The graph shows figure 7. temp in sec from 0 to 160 on
horizontal „X‟ axis. And on „Y‟ axis shows the Power in
Watt from 0 to 1 watt. Also, the graph in figure 7. shows
that power is increases as time increases and maximum
power 0.87 watt is obtained at maximum time of 150 sec.,
we conclude from these the power is directly proportional to
time.
Fig 7: Power Vs Time
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
506 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
C. Temperature Difference Vs time
Fig 8: Temperature Difference Vs time
The graph shows in figure 8. temp in sec from 0 to 160 on
horizontal „X‟ axis. And on „Y‟ axis shows the Temp
Difference (∆t) in˚c from 0 to 100. Also, the graph in figure
8. shows that Temperature Difference is increases as time
increases and maximum Temperature Difference 87˚c is
obtained at maximum time of 150 sec., we conclude from
these the Temperature Difference is directly proportional to
time.
VII. DESIGN AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF
MODEL
A. Design of Model
Design of Thermoelectric Generator for direct Power
Generation from Municipal Waste Garbage using CATIA
V5R21 is shown in figure 8.
Fig 8: Design of Model
B. Thermal Analysis of Model
Thermal Analysis of Thermoelectric Generator for direct
Power Generation from Municipal Waste Garbage using
ANSYS 18.1 is shown as follows. The result of
Temperature Flow Analysis is shown in fig 9, the result of
Total Heat Flux Analysis is shown in fig 10 and the result of
Directional Heat Flux Analysis is shown in fig 11.
Fig 9: Result of Temperature Flo w Analysis
Fig 10: Result of Total Heat Flux Analysis
Fig 11: Result Directional Heat Flux Analysis
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-12, Mar 2019
507 | IJREAMV04I1248124 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2019.0177 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
VIII. CONCLUSION
1. Experimentation using 100 grams of inorganic
waste garbage burning in 33 cm3
heating zone and
two TEG module connected in series and using
water cooling produces 0.87 watt.
2. . If using all four faces of 33 cm3 of heating zone as
hot plate and connecting 192 TEG in series
generate 83 watts of power only in 100 gram of
inorganic waste garbage, temperature difference of
87 and time period of 150 second.
3. Experimentally it is found that using TEG, the
generated power either directly used to run some
auxiliary devices or may be stored in the battery
and used later.
4. The research investigates as temperature difference
increases the generated power will be increases.
5. If high temperature range is required then TEG
module changed to higher temperature range.
Thus, the above stated system may be successfully
implemented for large power generation.
6. Generating direct power from municipal inorganic
waste garbage to control hazardous effect on
environment.
7. Using these types of model in all cities control the
inorganic west management problem, increases the
life of all living being and supply power to all one
and makes zero waste city and green city.
8. Highly suitable for immediate starting and generate
instant power for domestic purpose.
REFERENCES
[1] Prashantha K, Sonam Wango (2017). Smart Power
Generation from Waste Heat by Thermo Electric
Generator. IJMPE, ISSN: 2320-2092,
[2] Aravind Karuppaiah, Ganesh‟s Dileepan. T,
Jayabharathi.S (2014). Fabrication and Analysis of
Thermo Electric Generator for Power Generator.
(IJIRSET) ISSN (online)-2319-8753.
[3] M. G. Jadhav and J. S. Sidhu (2017). Design and
Fabrication of Silencer Waste Heat Power Generation
System Using Thermo-Electric Generator‟ (IJAME).
ISSN 2250-3234 Volume 7, Number 1 (2017), pp. 1-14
[4] Tzer-Ming Jeng, Sheg Chung Tzeng, Bo-Jun Yang and
Yi-Chun Li (2016). Design, Manufacture and
Performance Test of the Thermoelectric Generator
System for Waste Heat Recovery of Engine Exhaust,
(MDPI) invention 2016, 1, 2. Z.B.
[5] P. Mohamed Shameer, D. Christopher (2013). Design
of Exhaust Heat Recovery Power Generation System
Using Thermo-Electric Generator. (IJSR) ISSN
(online)-2319-7064.
[6] Sana Ullah Khan (2013). Electric power generation
from waste heat Sustainable Energy, 2013, Vol. 1, No.
2, 38-41 Science and Education Publishing
DOI:10.12691/rse-1-2-5.
[7] Ming-Zhi Yang (2013). Energy Harvesting
Thermoelectric Generators Manufactured Using the
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Process,
Sensors 2013, 13, 2359-2367; doi:
10.3390/s130202359 ISSN 1424-8220.
[8] Anand P N, Anshad A, Aswin Joseph, Tobin Thomas,
Geo Eucharist James (2016). Development of
Thermoelectric Generator, (IJIRST) Volume 2 | Issue
11 | April 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010
[9] Vijay Krishnan (2016). Power Generation from
Exhaust Gas of Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel
Engine Using Thermoelectric Generator,
[10] Adhithya k, Rajeshwar Anand, Balaji G., Hari
Narayana J. (2015). Battery Charging Using
Thermoelectric Generation Module in Automobiles,
(IJRET) E-ISSN 2319-1163.
[11] Ajay chandravanshi (2013). Waste Heat Recovery from
Exhaust gases through Internal combustion Engine
using Thermoelectric Generator,
[12] Anchal Dewangan, Dr. N. K. Saikhedkar (2015)
Experimental analysis of Waste heat recovery using
TEG for an internal combustion Engine.” (IJISET)
|Vol.2|Issue 6|June 2015.
[13] Mr. Sushil Kumar Sharma, Mr. Vishnu Prasad Sharma
(2018). Experimental Investigation on Thermoelectric
Generator used for Exhaust Gas of a Four Stroke S.I.
Engine, (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
[14] Dongyi Zhou and Shi Chu-ping (2015). Study on
Thermoelectric Material and Thermoelectric
Generator. (JCPM), 7(3):395-401 ISSN: 0975-7384.