Introduction to ISO 14000

Pendahuluan Pada saat ini kesadaran masyarakat akan

lingkungan yang sehat sudah semakin tinggi termasuk juga di Negara-negara berkembang

Perlindungan terhadap lingkungan terus dikumandangkan oleh para aktifis lingkungan.

Perlindungan lingkungan sebenarnya merupakan implementasi sistem manajemen lingkungan (SML) yakni meminimalkan kerusakan lingkungan melalui operasional perusahaan yang terlaksanan dengan baik sehingga kerusakan lingkungan dapat dihindarkan.

Pendahuluan

Guna menyamakan standar dalam manajemen lingkungan maka dibuatlah ISO 14000 yang merupakan sistem manajemen lingkungan (SML).

Pada dasarnya ISO ini mirip dengan ISO 9000 yakni sistem manajemen mutu (SMM) untuk mengontrol sistem produksi yang baik dari perusahaan.

Pedoman manajemen lingkungan yang baik adalah ISO 14001.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Worldwide federation of national standards bodies from over 100 countries, one from each country.

Non-governmental organization(NGO) established in 1947,based in Geneva, Switzerland.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is US representative to ISO

History 1987 - World Commission on Environment &

Development (AKA The Brundtland Commission) published “Our Common Future”.– called for the development of effective environmental

management systems by industries 1989 - Creation of Strategic Advisory Group on

the Environment (SAGE)– Recommended new ISO Technical Committee to

develop standards for environmental management January 1993 - ISO creates TC 207

– (TC 176 controls ISO 9000 QMS standards) Fall 1996 – ISO 14001 adopted

Sub-Committees of TC 207

SC 1: EMS - UK SC 2: Env. Auditing - Netherlands SC 3: Env. Labeling - Australia SC 4: Env. Performance Evaluation -

US SC 5: Life Cycle Assessment - France SC 6: Terms and Definitions - Norway

SC 1: EMS SC1 adalah sub komisi yang bertanggung jawab

atas standarisasi Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan adalah pengelolaan

sumber daya manusia guna mencapai sasaran tertentu dalam batas – batas dana yang telah ditetapkan

Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan ini menuntut adanya komitmen perusahaan secara terus menerus terhadap upaya penyempurnaan kinerja lingkungan, melalui penggunaan teknologi bersih dan penerapan prinsip – prinsip reduce, reuse, recycle, recovery dll.

SC 2: Env. Auditing bertanggung jawab untuk menyusun standar yang

berkaitan dengan Audit Lingkungan serta investigasi lingkungan

Audit lingkungan dapat merekomendasikan dalam hal apa saja dapat dilakukan penghematan bahan baku, efisiensi energi, dan reduksi limbah pada umumnya.

Bentuk audit lingkungan dapat berupa compliance audit, waste audit, energy audit, supplier atau associate audit.

SC 3: Env. Labeling menentukan standar bagi label lingkungan (ecolabel). Ecolabel adalah tanda yang ditempelkan pada suatu produk

industri yang menerangkan bahwa produk ini telah memenuhi berbagai kriteria yang memungkinkannya dicap sebagai produk yang environmentally friendly.

Kriteria penilaian ini mencakup from craddle to grave, yaitu mulai penyediaan bahan baku sampai pembuangan produk yang habis masa pakainya.

Jadi jelas bahwa pengolahan limbah secara baik pada saat proses produksi saja tidak cukup untuk mendapatkan eco-label

SC 4: Env. Performance Evaluation bertanggung jawab mengembangkan

standar yang dapat digunakan oleh suatu organisasi mengukur kinerja lingkungannya.

Dua kelompok kerja di bawah Komisi Teknik ini menetapkan evaluasi kinerja lingkungan secara umum dan indikator kinerja khusus bagi industri.

SC 5: Life Cycle Assessment mengembangkan analisis daur hidup Analisis daur hidup adalah prosedur

akuntansi lingkungan yang holistik yang mengkuantifikasikan dan mengkaji seluruh limbah yang dilepaskan ke lingkungan serta energi dan bahan baku yang digunakan selama daur hidup suatu produk

SC 6: Terms and Definitions komisi yang bertugas untuk standarisasi

istilah dan definisi

ISO 14000 Standards ISO 14000 is a series of standards, rather

than a single standard. – 14001: Environmental Management Systems– 14004: EMS general guidelines– 14010: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing– 14011: Guidelines for Auditing of an EMS– 14012: Auditing - Qualification criteria– Others deal with life cycle assessment, site

assessments, labeling, and other matters.

To whom do the standards apply?

The ISO 14000 standards can be applied to:– large and small business & industry;– service sectors (hospitals, hotels, etc.);– government organizations;– all types of organizations, of all sizes

anywhere in the world.

What is an EMS? An EMS is:

– a systematic way of managing an organization’s environmental aspects;

– based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model;

– focused on continual improvement of systems;– a way to address immediate and long-term

impact of an organization’s products, services and activities on the environment;

– a tool to improve environmental performance.

An EMS:– helps track and satisfy regulatory requirements;– supports effective delegation of responsibilities;– reduces disruption caused by employee

turnover;– establishes a framework to move beyond

compliance;– provides a vehicle for positive change, improved

employee morale, enhanced public image;– helps identify opportunities for savings;– consolidates existing environmental, safety, and

health programs into a cohesive system.

Internal Drivers for ISO 14001

Becoming ISO 14001 registered ISO 14001 is the only certification standard. The registration body examines EMS for

conformity to the ISO 14001 standard. The EMS audit is not a compliance audit. Registration does NOT mean that products are

more environmentally friendly. Registration means the organization has a

documented EMS that is fully implemented and meets ISO 14001 requirements.

The registration covers processes, not products.

Perbandingan ISO 14001 dg 9001ISO 14001 ISO 9001

Tujuan Mengidentifikasi semua potensi yang mempengaruhi lingkungan dari operasi perusahaan, pengembangan dan implementasi untuk meminimalkan pengaruh lingkungan

Mengidentifikasi semua proses di perusahaan yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas produk dan jasa, dan bagaimana implementasi sistem menjamin kepuasan pelanggan/customer

Khalayak Sasaran Pelanggan dan masyarakat umum

Pelanggan

Dokumentasi Dibutuhkan untuk semua aspek SML

Dibutuhkan untuk semua aspek sistem manajemen mutu (SMM)

Kebutuhan legislasi sebagian tidak

Perbandingan ISO 14001 dg 9001ISO 14001 ISO 9001

Penanggung Jawab keseluruhan

Manajer Puncak Manajer Puncak

Training Semua personil yang bekerja pada bagian yang mempengaruhi lingkungan harus mendapatkan training

Semua personil yang bekerja pada bagian yang mempengaruhi mutu harus mendapatkan training

Monitoring dan pengukuran

Parameter-parameter kunci harus dimonitor dan diukur untuk menunjukkan adanya perlindungan terhadap lingkungan

Parameter-parameter kunci harus dimonitor dan diukur untuk menunjukkan adanya perlindungan terhadap penjaminan sistem mutu

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements Environmental Policy

– requires a publicly available, written statement, which includes a commitment to prevention of pollution, continual improvement, and compliance with environmental laws and other applicable environmental requirements;

Environmental Aspects– requires procedures for identification of environmental

aspects of the organization's activities and determination of those which have or can have significant impacts on the environment;

ISO 14001 - Definitions Environmental aspect

– element of an organization’s activities, products or services that can interact with the environment

• Note - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have a significant environmental impact.

Environmental impact– any change to the environment, whether adverse

or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products or services

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements Legal and Other Requirements

– requires the organization to know exactly what environmental laws and other (i.e. non-regulatory) requirements apply to its activities;

Objectives and Targets– requires the organization to set measurable

environmental objectives and targets consistent with its environmental policy statement;

ISO 14001 - Definitions Environmental objective

– overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental policy, that an organization sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified where practicable

Environmental target– detailed performance requirement, quantified where

practicable, applicable to the organization or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements Environmental Management Programs

– requires the organization to develop and maintain programs to achieve its environmental objectives and targets;

Structure and Responsibility– requires environmental management

responsibilities to be clearly defined, documented, and communicated;

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements Training, Awareness, and Competence

– requires processes to ensure that all personnel whose work can cause significant impacts on the environment are competent, through training, education and experience;

Communication– requires procedures for internal and external

communication on environmental aspects;

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements EMS Documentation

– requires documentation of core EMS elements; Document Control

– requires stringent control of all documentation relating to the EMS;

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements Operational Control

– requires identification of all activities with potential or actual significant environmental impact and procedural control of such activities to achieve conformance with the environmental policy. This includes environmental control of goods and services provided by suppliers and subcontractors;

Emergency Preparedness and Response– requires identification of potential for accidents and

emergency situations, and procedures for response and mitigation of resulting environmental impacts;

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements Monitoring and Measurement

– requires documented procedures to measure environmental aspects to check progress toward meeting environmental objectives and targets, and for evaluating compliance with regulatory requirements;

Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventive Action– requires procedures for taking preventive and

corrective action on any EMS nonconformances and supports continual improvement of the system;

ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements Records

– requires procedures for handling and disposition of environmental records;

EMS Audit– requires the organization to periodically audit itself for

conformance with the requirements of its EMS; Management Review

– requires top management to periodically review the EMS for effectiveness in achieving the intent of the environmental policy and identify the need for changes to the system.

For More Information DPPEA offers free on-site EMS assistance

and training DPPEA EMS web site

http://www.p2pays.org/iso/index.htm Beth Graves, EMS Project Coor.

919-715-6506 or 800-763-0136 Beth.Graves@ncmail.net

Rick Gehrke at NSF-ISR, Southeast:888-248-0433 for registration questions