ISLAMISMUSISLAMISMUS

ISLAMISMISLAMISM

Marek ČejkaMarek Čejka

Characteristics of IslamismCharacteristics of Islamism

REVIVALIST movement and alternative to MODERNITY REVIVALIST movement and alternative to MODERNITY and MODERNISATION in Muslim worldand MODERNISATION in Muslim world

(signs of modernity: secularization, derogation of role of (signs of modernity: secularization, derogation of role of Islam, loss of power of traditional authorities, Islam, loss of power of traditional authorities, NATIONALISM, Western influence, imperialism and NATIONALISM, Western influence, imperialism and colonisation, morale degradation, corruption, poverty)colonisation, morale degradation, corruption, poverty)One of its main aims is to lead Muslims back to their One of its main aims is to lead Muslims back to their religious roots and values. religious roots and values. Islamism is criticizing negative phenomenons connected Islamism is criticizing negative phenomenons connected with Modernity and Nationalism and is offering its own with Modernity and Nationalism and is offering its own (Islamic) solutions. (Islamic) solutions. One of the goal of the Islamist also creation of statehood One of the goal of the Islamist also creation of statehood – but based on religious (theocratic) principles rather – but based on religious (theocratic) principles rather than nationalistic – restoration of than nationalistic – restoration of caliphatecaliphate

RADICAL vs. MODERATE RADICAL vs. MODERATE ISLAMISMISLAMISM

The term „Islamism“ does not automatically The term „Islamism“ does not automatically mean connection with violence or terrorismmean connection with violence or terrorismSome Islamist groups are completelly apolitical Some Islamist groups are completelly apolitical Other Islamists want to combine traditional Other Islamists want to combine traditional Islamic principles and values together with Islamic principles and values together with western values (analogy of Christian democracy)western values (analogy of Christian democracy)The most visible Islamist groups in World media The most visible Islamist groups in World media are those, which use the violence for assertion are those, which use the violence for assertion of their ideology – RADICAL ISLAMISM of their ideology – RADICAL ISLAMISM

Typology of IslamismTypology of Islamism

Participative/legalParticipative/legal (constructive, state-building) Islamist (constructive, state-building) Islamist movementsmovements (e.g. (e.g. Hizb an-NahdaHizb an-Nahda in post-Ben Ali Tunisia, in post-Ben Ali Tunisia, AKPAKP in in Turkey) Turkey) Radical Islamist/Jihadist movementsRadical Islamist/Jihadist movements using subversive and violent using subversive and violent methods for gaining influence and domination of politics in Muslim methods for gaining influence and domination of politics in Muslim countries/or Muslim World (e.g. countries/or Muslim World (e.g. Al-Qaeda in Islamic MaghrebAl-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb, , Islamic Islamic JihadJihad))Non-political Islamist movementsNon-political Islamist movements (e. g. some Sufi orders, some (e. g. some Sufi orders, some branches of Salafism) branches of Salafism) Hybrid/combined/sui-generis Islamist movementsHybrid/combined/sui-generis Islamist movements – they could – they could combine social work, charity etc. together with violent methods (combine social work, charity etc. together with violent methods (HamasHamas in Palestine, in Palestine, HezbollahHezbollah in Lebanon e.g.) or they can use radical rhetoric in Lebanon e.g.) or they can use radical rhetoric without using violence (e.g. without using violence (e.g. Hizb ut-TahrirHizb ut-Tahrir, some Wahhabi streams) , some Wahhabi streams)

This typology was inspired by lecture of Moroccan political scientist Yousef Belal at 13th DGAP New Faces ConferenceThis typology was inspired by lecture of Moroccan political scientist Yousef Belal at 13th DGAP New Faces Conference “Democratization and Security in the Middle East and North Africa”, Istanbul, 17.–20. March 2010“Democratization and Security in the Middle East and North Africa”, Istanbul, 17.–20. March 2010

Moderated Islamists(Participative/Legal Islamism)

Many Islamist groups are able to participate Many Islamist groups are able to participate on democracy and even contribute to on democracy and even contribute to democratization of their countriesdemocratization of their countries

Parties:Parties: AKPAKP (Turkey) (Turkey)PParty of arty of JJustice and ustice and DDevelopment evelopment (Morocco)(Morocco) MMuslim Brotherhood (Egyptuslim Brotherhood (Egypt)) Islamic Action Front (Jordan)Islamic Action Front (Jordan)

Branches of IslamBranches of Islam

Umayyad CALIPHATE Umayyad CALIPHATE (661 - 750)(661 - 750)

Hizb ut-Tahrir international Hizb ut-Tahrir international movement movement

Al-Afghani (1838–1897) Al-Afghani (1838–1897)

„„Father“ of modern IslamismFather“ of modern Islamism

He He called for a return to the called for a return to the original principles and ideals of original principles and ideals of Islam, and for greater unity Islam, and for greater unity among Islamic peoples. among Islamic peoples.

al-Afghani arguedal-Afghani argued that this that this would allow the Islamic would allow the Islamic community to regain its former community to regain its former strength against European strength against European powers. powers.

Al-Mawdoodi (1903 – 1979)Al-Mawdoodi (1903 – 1979)

Indo-Pakistansi theologist,Indo-Pakistansi theologist,

philosopher, politician philosopher, politician

founder of political partyfounder of political party

Jamaat e-IslamiJamaat e-Islami

Idea of Islamic stateIdea of Islamic state

„„Theo-democracy“Theo-democracy“

Hassan AL-BANNA (1906–1949)Hassan AL-BANNA (1906–1949)

MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD in MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD in EGYPT (since 1928)EGYPT (since 1928)

Original aim of the Muslim Brotherhood was Original aim of the Muslim Brotherhood was charity charity In Egypt (ruled by secular nationalists who were In Egypt (ruled by secular nationalists who were dependent on Britain) was very bad economic dependent on Britain) was very bad economic and social situationand social situationMB offered alternative and charitable activitiesMB offered alternative and charitable activitiesPopularity of MB grew steadily and they Popularity of MB grew steadily and they become more politicized and radicalized. become more politicized and radicalized. Egyptian political establishment saw MB as an Egyptian political establishment saw MB as an rival.rival.Conspiration vs. RepressionConspiration vs. RepressionAnti-British policies of MBAnti-British policies of MB

Sayyed Kutb (1906–1966) Sayyed Kutb (1906–1966)

„„The Milestones“ (1964)The Milestones“ (1964)

Islamic Revolution in Iran - 1979Islamic Revolution in Iran - 1979

Ayatollahs Khomeini and KhameneiAyatollahs Khomeini and Khamenei

Export Export of Iranian Islamic Revolution of Iranian Islamic Revolution after after 19791979

HHeezbzboollllaah (1982)h (1982)

Assasination of Anwar Sadat – Assasination of Anwar Sadat – 19811981

Egyptian Islamic JihadEgyptian Islamic Jihad

1987 – Palestin1987 – Palestinee: Ham: Hamaass

Abdullah AZZAMAbdullah AZZAM

Mujahideens in AfghanistanMujahideens in Afghanistan

Ayman Az-Zawahiri Ayman Az-Zawahiri and Osama Bin Ladenand Osama Bin Laden

TALIBAN and Al-QAEDATALIBAN and Al-QAEDA

„„Knights Under the Prophet's Knights Under the Prophet's BannerBanner “ (2001) “ (2001)

For more see: For more see:

http://blizky-vychod.blogspot.com

Marek´s books:Marek´s books:Judaism and politics in Israel Judaism and politics in Israel (2002, 2009)(2002, 2009)

Israel and Palestine Israel and Palestine (2005) (2005)

Encyclopedia of the Middle Eastern TerrorismEncyclopedia of the Middle Eastern Terrorism (2007) (2007)

Rabbis of our TimeRabbis of our Time (2010 (2010, , co-author)co-author)

History of Modern IsraelHistory of Modern Israel (201 (20111) )